Literature Study
INTER COLLEGE
(Literature referred from NBC, TSS, Bye Laws, Neufert, kendriya vidyalaya sangathan,
I.S. Codes, CBSE, ISCE, NCERT, MHRD, AICTE for the study of School)
Area Distribution
• Canteen
• Medical Room • Classrooms
• Water Area • Laboratories
• Washrooms • Science Room
• Assembly Area • Workshops
• Electrical/meter Room • auditorium
• Service Shaft • counsellor's room
• Janitor’s room • Sports Room
• Kitchen/pantry • Activity rooms
• Concessionaire • Library
• Store room • Club Room
• Circulation • Science Theory Room
• Security Room • Multiuse Hall
• lost and found room
• Principal Room • Play ground
• General office • Bolly boll coart
• Staff Room • Runing track
• Visitors Room/waiting area • Swimming pool
• Vice-principal's room • Indoor play
• Reception
• Admin Area
• Staff Toilet
• Examination Control Room
1)Educational
Space
i. Classrooms
a. Arthrometry
(dimensions of childrenand their space requirement)
Middle Class Students
All dimensions in mm
Senior Class
Students
*Dimensions in cm
b)Dimensions & arrangement
of furniture
• The furniture for pupils should be comfortable, easy to maintain, free form
sharp corners, nails, etc. It should be rough and durable, scratch resistant and
noise dampening.
a) stacker
b) double entry study
c) arm chair
d) lift lid table and chair
e) class unit
f) desk with chair
g) typing table
h) desk
i) Study carrels
• Height of the classroom should not be less than
• The sill height for
3.00 m measured at any point from the surface of
classrooms with
the floor to the lowest point of the ceiling.
furniture arrangements • The minimum headroom such as under the bottom
should be not more than
of beams, fans and lights shall be 26 m measured
800 mm measured from
vertically under such beam, fan or light.
finished floor level and • The proportion of the breadth (minimum
that for the classrooms
dimension ) to the length (maximum dimension )
with squatting
of the classroom should be not more than 1:1.5
arrangement should be
not more than 600 mm
Typical Illustration of a Secondary/Higher Secondary Classroom
Typical illustration of a Primary Classroom
Alternative Arrangement of Furniture in Alternative Arrangement of Furniture in
Primary Classroom Secondary/Higher Secondary Classroom
ii) Laboratories
• Types of laboratories- Physics, Chemistry,
Biology, Home Science, computer, etc
(* dimensions in feet)
(* dimensions in cm)
Chemistry laboratory
Physics laboratory (*all dimensions in mm)
Computer labs
(Anthropometry)
Electronic Workstation
• Both the work surface and the display
monitors must be lowered and raised as a
unit with 31.8 cm of travel.
• The work surface must be tilted any where
between a horizontal position to 35° below
horizontal. The work surface, at Its lowest
setting and with a 10 tilted angle, as is
common in use, must be 63.5 cm in height at
Its front edge.
• The work surface must raise to a horizontal height
of 104 cm, accommodating a majority of people in
a standing position.
• The monitor screens must be tilt able to any
position between 16° forward of vertical and 15°
back. This lets the user adjust the screen to avoid
reflective glare, and it accommodates various
working positions of different lines of sight.
• Adjustment controls designed for hand operation
must be located within the operator's extended
reach envelope.
• This All surfaces must have matte or dull finishes
glare The workstation must be compact and
reduces the likelihood of re relatively easy to
move through a standard 81-cm doorway
• No structural components shall exist which inhibit
the workstation's operation by users in
wheelchairs, ensuring a barrier-free workstation
Service personnel must have easy access to
electrical components.
iii)Library
Minimum Clearance in
shelving area for
various altitudes
Space recommendation
• one seat for each of 20 percent
of students in school.
• 2.3m - 3.5 m floor area per seat
• 50 - 60 volume per. Sq. m. Of
overall floor area
(2057.4mm)
(762mm)
(1828.8mm)
(1625.6mm) (558.8mm)
(381mm)
(1371.6mm)
(1066.8mm)
(609.6mm)
(304.8mm)
(1752.6mm) (1651mm)
1 Foot = 304.8mm Optimum Shelving conditions for Adults
1Inch = 25.4mm
Source: Time savers standard
(1676.4mm)
(1295.4mm)
(990.6mm)
(609.6mm)
(609.6mm)
(228.6mm)
(1346.2mm)
Optimum Shelving conditions for Teenagers
1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
Source: Time savers standard
(For Teenagers and Adults) (for children) (*dimensions in cm)
2)Administrative
Area
Reception
Sitting Arrangement (layouts)
Layout 1 Layout 2
1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
1 Foot = 304.8mm
Layout 3 1Inch = 25.4mm Layout 4
Conference room
1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
Private office (Principal’s room, Vice principal’s, etc.)
Anthropometry
TYPICAL ROOM ARRANGEMENT (1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm)
i)Staff Toilets
Fitments Males Female
1)Water Closet One for every 25 One for every 15 WCs for male staff WCs for female staff
Person persons (eg. For 20 teachers ,10
(eg. For 30 teachers,
15sq.m.) sq.m.)
2)Ambulation Taps One for each W.C. One for each W.C.
3)Urinals One for 20 -
persons
4)Wash Basins One for Every 25 One for every 15
persons persons
Ambulation Taps
3)Service &
Support
Canteen
Minimum width for table and chairs
In plan and elevation, seating requirement
and clearances for various dining table
arrangements Round tables fit in 3.34 sq.m. corner space
1 Foot = 304.8mm
1Inch = 25.4mm
1)Washrooms
• The number of toilets, urinals and
wash-basins required, based on total
number of pupils and separated
according to sex.
• sanitary installations with direct
daylight and ventilation are
preferable, and there must be
separate entrances for boys and girls.
Male anthropometric considerations
Lesson time Lesson time
WCs WCs(eg. For
(eg.-for 100 100 girls,
boys,15sq.m.) 15sq.m.
Break time WC facilities(eg. For 250
girls,40sq.m. & 250 boys, 40sq.m.)
Female and Child Anthropometrics
Double range facilities for 500 girls,
65sq.m. & for 500 boys, 40 sq.m.
(for larger complexes, decentralised
facilities should be provides )
Recommended WC facilities
Open
Area
Sports Facilities
a. Swimming Pool
Length 50m
Constant Water Depth 1.8 m
Lane Width 2.5m
Pool Width 21m(8 lines)
• These pools are used mainly for competition and training
Standard dimensions are:
I. Length-pool shorter than 50 m should be a factor of 100 m in
length 25 a 33.3 m is adequate for all purpose accommodation:
33.3 m is sometimes favored to is greater water area, but it
gives no advantage for swimming competitions where start and
finish positions will be at opposite ends of the pool.
II. Depth- pool bottom can slope (minimum water depth 900 mm,
254. 5. Deck level filtration acceptable provided the end walls sections
depending 1 m deep
III. Swimming Lanes - can be 2.1 m wide 4 to 10, and even 12,
lanes may be provided depending on demand
IV. Diving- a 1m removable springboard would be useful. It needs a
minimum water depth of 3 and necessitates a higher level of Different Dimensions of Swimming Pool
supervision
b)Tennis
Court
• The surface may be grass, a variety of asphalt, wood,
porous concrete, or other composition It is marked out
with white lines as shown in the diagram.
• The lines are included within the limits C court. The net
is suspended between two posts from a cable covered
by white tape At its be is kept taut by a vertical strap
which is firmly fixed to the ground.
• The height of the may be adjusted by a handle
attached to one of the posts
c)Running Track • 400m standard 7-lane club
running track for 6-lane all-
weather surfaces red
overall dimensions by 2440
(approx. overall size
179x106m (193x116 yd):
me competition
• regional tracks require 8
all weather lanes with 10-
lane sprint straight :
increase overall
dimensions by 2440
(approx. overall size 181lx
(198x121 yd).
(*all dimensions in m)
Indoor Pitches
Limit of viewing
(for spectators)
RISER HEIGHT (N)
N = (R+C) X (D+C) - R
d
WHERE N = RISER HEIGHT
R = HEIGHT BETWEEN EYE AND POINT OF FOCUS
C = VIEWING STANDARD ( C VALUE)
D = DISTANCE FROM EYE TO POINT OF FOCUS
T = TREAD PATH I.E. DEPTH OF SITTING ROW
Auditorium
SEATING CAPACITY
• In general the maximum
capacity of an auditorium
depends on the format
selected.
• Other factors include levels,
sightlines, circulation and
seating density as well as
size and shape of
platform/stage.
• SIZE OF AUDITORIUM An
area of at least 0.5 sq m per
spectator is to be used for
sitting spectator.
• This number is derived
from a seat width x row
spacing of at least 0.45 sq
m per seat, plus an
additional minimum of 0.5m
x 0.9m i.e. approximately
0.05sq m per seat.
LENGTH OF ROWS
• A maximum of 16 seats per aisle. 25 seats per
aisle is permissible if one side exit door of 1 m
width is provided per 3-4 rows.
EXITS, ESCAPE ROUTES
• 1m wide per 150 people (minimum width 0.8m)
VOLUME OF ROOM
• Playhouses approx. 4-5 cu. M.
• Spectator, opera approx. 6-8 cu. M.
STAGE FORMS
• There are three stage forms: full stage, small
stage and set areas.
• Full stage: Stage area > 100 sq. m
• Stage ceiling > 1m above top of proscenium arch
• An essential feature of a full stage is an iron
safety curtain which separates the stage from
the auditorium in the event of an emergency.
• Small Stage: Area no more than 100 sq. m.
No stage extension (secondary stages)
• Stage ceiling not more than 1 m above top of
Small stages do not require an iron safety
curtain.
• Set areas: Raised acting areas in rooms without
ceiling projection,
Proportions of auditorium:
These are obtained from the spectator's psychological
perception and viewing angle, as well as the
requirement for a good view from all seats.
• Good view without head movement, but slight eye
movement of about 30°
• Good view with slight head movement and slight
eye movement approx.60°.
• Maximum perception angle without head
movement is about 110°, i.e. in this field everything
which takes place between the corners of the eyes'
is perceived.
• There is uncertainty beyond this field because
something may be missed from the field of vision.
• With full head and shoulder movement, a
perception field of 360° is possible.
Fire safety regulations
• One exit having 1.5 meters clear width for
every 150 seating capacity subject to a
minimum of two such exits located as
remote to each other as possible shall be
provided in the Auditorium.
• The exit gates must always open outwards.
• In case stage is made of wood and/or
curtains are provided at the stage,
automatic sprinkler system shall be layouts
provided to protect the stage only.
• Emergency light shall be provided,
Illuminated exit signs shall be provided in
each exit door..
Parking Norms for Off-Street Parking Spaces
occupancy One car Parking space for every
Population Populatio Population Population Between Population
Less Than n between 1,000,000 & Above
50,000 Between 200,000&1,00,000 5,000,000 5,000,00
50,000 &
200,000
Educational - - 70 sq. m. area 50sq.m. area 35 sq. m.
area
• Means of Access (Roads/Streets)
a) Width of means of access- 7.5m
b) Length of means of access – 150m (max)
• Footpaths
a) Width of footfall depend upon the expected pedestrian traffic
b) Ideally designed for LOS-B (Line of Service-B) i.e. for road with
reasonably free flow of vehicles on road.
• Pathways
a) Length of pathways shall not be more than 30m.
b) Safety and concern of cyclist and pedestrians should be
considered by encouraging construction of segregated rights of
way for bicycles and pedestrians .
