Unit 1 B[p\nItemIns DZbw {]h\w 1

B[p\nIbpKns ]ndhnv ImcWamb imkv{Xscbpw, XXz NnIscbpw Xncndnv Xmsg sImSp kqNnIbpsS ASnm\n B.C. tImf ]qnbmpI. imkv{X / XXzNnI Bib

Photo Page 20 Photo Page 21 Photo Page 21 Photo Page 22 Photo Page 22 kqNnI: dqsm, thmb, Imen\bkv, k sFkIv \yq, tIm \nkv, tkmjy tIm{SmIvSv, aXkzmX{yw, kucbpY knmw, BIjWknmw, PohnIfpsS imkv{Xob hoIcWw.

{]h\w 2
]nIsSp

`q]SneSbmfsSpnb ]pXpWn]mX Cy kap{Z]Yw, tImmnt\m]n, Fnh Xncndnv AhbpsS {]m[m\yw ]nIsSppI.

{]h\w 3
`qan imkv{X]camb Ip]nSp Ncn{Xn Hcp ]pXnb A[ymbn\v XpSw Ipdnp. (`qan imkv{X]camb Ip]nSpsf AXn\p klmbn LSIfpw ^efpw, XmsgsImSp kqNIfpsS ASnm\n A, B, tImffn hoIcnpI

kqNnI: amtmt]mtfmbpsS kmcIYI, hSpt\mnb{w, KpUv tlmv ap\ns Ip]nSpw, saKs `q]cythWw, ASnahSw hym]Iambn, CIm Bkvs{SIv hwi \mamhtijambn, a[y[cWymbn tI{ambn Dmbncp hym]mcwbnp,_mnwKv k{Zmbw Bcw`np.

{]h\w 4
Xmsg sImSpncnphcn hniZampI. Htc {Kqns]Smhsc Isn ImcWw

s]{Smv, ssat Btem, enb\m sUm Umhnn, amnepY, tPm Imhn

{]h\w 5
]nI ]qnbmpI hgnsXfnbn kmlNcy aX\hoIcWw t\Xm ^ew

{]Xn \hoIcWw

{]Xn \hoIcW {]h\

{]h\w 6
\thmm\ Imev cq]sp h Nne NnmcoXnIfmWv a[yIme PohnXn \nv B[p\nI Ime PohnXs thXncnpXv. Cu A`n{]mbtmSv \n tbmPnpptm? kanpI. kqNnI: At\zjW IuXpIw, hnai\ _pn, bpnNn, {]mtZinI `mjIfpsS hf, am\hnIX.

{]h\w 7
B[p\nI bpKns shn \{Xw ]SnmdpZnm CSbmnb kmlNcy Gh? hniZampI.

UNIT : 2 hnhfpsS Imew

{]h\w 1 Imq \nconv ]mT]pkvXIns klmbtmsS Hmtcm Ftnbpw kmaqly ]mew ]nIsSppI.

Hmw Ftv ]ptcmlnXm kpJtemep] X

c-

mw Ftv

{]`pam
DXm\w

aqmw Ftv km[mcWm, IhSm ]WanS]mSpIm, DtZymK \nIpXn sImSpt- h

{]h\w 2 Xmsg sImSp ]nI \nconv 1689 hscbp Cwns Ncn{Xw BtcmlW {IansegpXpI.

\o ]mesav tImashv ImeLw _n Hm^v ssdvkv phv cmPmm dw]v ]mesav s]ojy Hm^v ssdv c clnX hnhw cmPm[nImcw ssZhZw cmPmhpw ]mesapw Xn acw hym]mcnI a[yhKambn Dbp.

{]h\w 3 Nn{Xw \nconv AXntev \bn ImcW ]nIsSppI

_mkvXobns XI

{]h\w 4 {^mkns\ Hcp dnnmn amnbXn AhnSs a[yhns Db ImcWambn Fv ImWnp ^vtfm Nmv ]qnbmpI. a[yhns Db

_mkvXobns ]X\w

a\pjymhImi {]Jym]\w

dnnv

{]h\w :5 A tImfnt\mSv tbmPnh B,C tImffn \nv sXcsSpv FgpXpI

A B C

imkv{Xob tkmjyenkw ImjnI hnhw {^v hnhw tImashv ImeLw tv tkmjyenkw

Su sjkv {]`p Imd amIvkv Henht{Imwsh dqtm eqbnmv

IqpSa k{Zmbw dw]v ]mesav IWyqWnv am\ns^tm NXp hj Irjn ]Xn kmaqly DSSn

{]h\w : 6 IhSns hym]\tmsS Cwn cq]s a[y hamWv AhnSs B`yc

kacn\v t\XrXzw \InbXv. c clnX hnhns shfnn \nfpsS A`n{]mbw kanpI.

{]h\w : 7 hyhkmb hnhw D] F t]cn Hcp Nmv XmdmpIbmWv AjZv. Ahs\sbmv klmbnmtam ?

tkmjyenkw hm: Bib apXemfn knm hm: Bib

hyhkmb
imkv{Xob tkmjyenkw hm Bib ImjnI hnhw

hnhw

khntijXI

D]

sXmgnemfn hK {]m\ khntijXI -- t\

UNIT -3

km{amPyXzns hf
{]h\w 1
B{^n

Gjy

Atacn

Dev]mZ\ h\hv Ch Xnep _ Isn Ch tImf\oIcWn\v klmbnnptm Fv ]cntim[npI {]h\w 2 apXemfn NqjWw \n_m[w XpSp sImpt]mIpXn\v km{amPyXzw kzoIcn X{ Fmbncpp. hniIe\w sNpI {]h\w 3 Cybn apK `cWhpw \mpcmPyfpw Zp_eambXv ssN\bn IdppamWv. Cu cp cmPysf tImf\oIcWn\p hgnsXfnbnXv. hniZampI.

apK `cWw Zp_eambn

\mpcmPy Zp_eambn

ssN\bnse Idpv

Ch CybptSbpw ssN\bptSbpw tImf\oIcWn\v klmbnLSIfmWv. kanpI kqN\ ImSnIv bpw, _Ivkmbpw, mknbpw {]h\w 4 Dev]mZ\ taJeIfnse D]IcWfpsS \hoIcWw a\pjy PohnXn ]pXnb ampw tNcpXncnhpIpw CSbmn hnebncppI. {]h\w 5 km{amPyXzhpw AXymnbpw am\hnIXbpsS t\scbp ISm{IaWhpamWv. Cu {]kvXmh\ B{^nbpsS hoXw shv ap\nn ]nI hniIe\w sNpI.

UNIT 4

temIbphpw XpSbpw
{]h\w 1 _m {]tZi

Bkv{Snb

sk_nb

Htmakm{amPyn\p A[o\Xbnembncp Ingbqtdmnse `q{]tZisf ISpXn\p\S kwLjw

P\n

djy

Xncnp NmpIsf ASnm\sSpn Isnb kw`hntev \bn kmlNcy N sNpI {]h\w 2 Bkv{Snb, sk_nb, P\n, djy, {^kv, Xpn, _tKdnb {_n, Cen, Pm, t]mpK {Kokv, dpam\nb Hmw temIbpn\p ImcWamb AtZiob {]iv\fn DscmPyfpw kJyfpw Xmsg Xncnpp. Ahsb kJy\pkcnv {KqmpI. AhcpsS {][m\ Xmev]cy Fsmw? hniIe\w sNpI

{]h\w 3 "Hmw temIbpns X{ \qX\hpw {]mtbmKns ktXnI hnZyI ]eXpw hn\miIchpambncpp.' Cu {]kvXmh\ Hmw temIbpns ASnm\n kanpI {]h\w 4 Hmw temIbpmcw Xmdmnb {][m\kn GXmbncpp. AhbpsS khntijXI Fv? CXv asmcp bpn\v ImcWambsXs\? hpUvtdmhnks 14 C\ ]cn]mSntbmSv CXn\v Fsnepw _w Dtm? {]h\w 5 1917se hnhw hnPbnpXntev \bn {][m\ kw`hfmWv Nn{Xn \InbnpXv. Chtbmtcmpw hln ]v IspI.

{]h\w 6 "kmtXnI hnZybpsS klmbtmsS Dev]mZ\w Ccnnp.' Cu {]mh\ 1929 se kmnI amyns ASnm\n N sNpI {]h\w 7 ^mknkhpw \mknkhpw aptmpsh Bibfnse kam\XI enp sNpI. Ch hnPbnnpXn\v kzoIcn X{ GsXms N sNpI. {]h\w 8 "km{amPyXzw alcamWv B{IaW \bamWv thXv' _mc X\m Cu {]kvXmh\ Pms\ Hcp k{amPyXz inbmn ampXn\v klmbnnptm? ]cntim[npI {]h\w 9 bpIme IayqWnkhpw 1921 se ]p kmnI \bhpw Fs\ hyXymksncnpp. XmcXayw sNpI.

UNIT:5

2--mw temI bphpw km{amPyXzns XIbpw

{]h\w:1 "^mknv P\ntbmSv {_n, {^mkv, tkmhnbv bq\nb apXemb cmPy kzoIcn {]oW\ \bw cmw temI bpn\v ImcWambn'doapsS Cu A`n{]mbtmSv \n tbmPnppthm? {]oW\ \bw Hmtcm cmPyv t\sc ]nIsSppI. {_n {^mkv tkmhnbv bqWnb

1939 P\nbpambn A\m{IaW kn Hp shp {]h\w:2 cmw temI almbpntev \bn {][m\ kw`h, kmlNcy Fnh DsSpn Ifw ]qnbmpI. thgvkmbn knbnse hyhI tImf\nI Dh\pw Cmh\pw Xnep acw Pm aqdnb IogSpp

lnvedpsS t]mf- m{IaWw {]h\w:3

c- mw temIbpw

{]h\w:3

]Zkqcy ]qnbmpI P\n {_n

ApX- v inI {]h\w:4 bpns `oIcX Nn{Xw/]{X hm ImWnp

kJy iInI

Nn{Xw/hm {inv "bpns `oIcXbpw \mi\jvSfpw' F hnjbs Ipdnv hnhc\w XmdmpI. Xmsg sImSp kqNI ]cnKWnpI. bpsSpXnI [zwknsSp a\pjymhImi hnhn[ taJebnepmIp \mi\jvS P\fpsS kpcnXXzw ]emb\w ]oUnnsSp aXhnizmknI {]h\w:5 temInse aqv {][m\ kw`hfpambn _s Bib Xmsg sImSpnpv. Hmtcmpw AXmXv kw`hv Xmsg hKoIcnv FgpXpI. kmZp`cWw/tUm:kbmXvsk/CtmssN\/Uypa/\m tmwt_mw_v/temwKvamvUSSR/hnbv\an/Nphvtk\/ t_msjhnpIfpwsasjhnpIfpw/tlmNnanknn/ sUtam{ImndnnvHm^vhnb\mw/HIvtSm_hnhw/ ausktZmMv/ s^{_phcn hnhw/ ssN\ P\Iob dnnv

hnbv\mw kacw

ssN\ P\Iob dnnv USSR {]h\w: 6 A B C D tImffn hnpt]mbh ]qcnnpI ssk\nI kJyw A NATO CEATO CENTO WARSAW PACT {]h\w:7 tamkvtIm Xpn,{_n, ]mnm,Cdm \nehn h hjw B 1949 Bm\w C AwKcmPy D

Nn{Xnep cmjv{Sehmsc Xncndnv Ch cq]w sImSp temI kwLS\, AXns {]kn Fnhsbpdnv Ipdnv XmdmpI. kqN\ : s\lvdp, Sntm, \mk, kpmtWm

UNIT:6 ]smXpw Ccp]Xpw \qmpIfnse ss[jWnI {]hWXI

{]h\w:1 "mt\mZbns XpSsb \nebnepw ]noSv AXns\Xnscbp {]Xntj[sa \nebnepw cq]w sImXmWv Imev]\nI {]m\w' Cu {]mh\bpsS shfnn Xmsg sImSp ]nI ]qoIcnpI \thmm\-- mt\mZb knm NnIm ssa Btem Imev]\nI {]m\w Imev]\nI NnIm hneyw thUvkhv Imev]\nI Bib sshImcnIX Bib bpn Nn

{]h\w:2 ]Zkqcy ]qoIcnpI Imev]\nIXbpsS krjvSn

DZmcXmhmZw

{]h\w:3 AKs tImMvXv Cm\ph Imv Imd amIvkv slK Bibs FXnp kIe {]Xn`mkfpw amdpp Bibn\v {]m[m\yw Bibn\v kmaqlnI PohnXs amnadnm Ignbpw apIfn sImSp BibfpsS bpw t\XmfpsSbpw ssXsg \Inb tImffn hKoIcnpI. P BibhmZw {]Xym\p`h hmZw `uXnI hmZw `uXnI inI kmaqly ]cnh\apmpp `uXnI kmlNcyfmWv Bibw cq]sSppXv `uXnI ]Zmv ZznXob m\w

t\XrXzw:

t\XrXzw:

t\XrXzw:

Bib:

Bib:

Bib:

{]h\w:4 Xmsg sImSpncnp Bibsf Im]\nIX, bYmXYm {]m\w Fo KWn DsSpn ]nIsSppI. hkvXpsf AtX cq]n AhXcnnpp. {]iv\sf sshImcnIambn kao]np. temUv sSnk , tdm_v {_uWnMv, Iebnepw kmlnXynepapmbncp mkn {]hWXsXnscbp Iem]w. ]smXmw \qmnse ivkv{X ]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw cmjv{Sob kw`hfpsSbpw ^ew. hneyw thUvkvhv, tPm Iovkv Im]\nI {]m\w bYmXYm {]m\w

{]h\w:5

XmcXayw sNpI

B[p\nIX

Dcm[p\nIX

UNIT : 7

Cs Cy
{]h\w:1 ]Z NXpcw {inv Xmsg sImSp ]nI ]qnbmpI

Imivao

Pp\KUv

t]m-

nscn

tKmh sslZcm_mZv

\mpcmPyw Pp\KUv

Cy bq\nb\n tNs coXn ]mnm\n ebnnm\p \hm_ns Xocpam\ns\Xnsc \nesImP\ XmImenI kmcp- mn CytbmSv klmba`ynp. lnX ]cntim[\bneqsS Cy bq\nb\n ebnnsp.

sslZcm_mZv Imivao t]m- nscn tKmh

{]h\w:2

"Ncn{Xnse Ghpw henb A`bmn {]hmlw \nconv AXns ImcWfpw, ^efpw, ]nIsSppI.

ImcWw hn`P\w

]cnWnX^ew

Cym --]mv

KmnPn sImesNsp

{]h\w:3 `mjmSnm\n kwm\sf ]p\:kwLSnnpXntev \bn kmlNcy ImWnp Nmv ]qnbmpI.

{iocmaep \ncmlmc kXym{Klw

1956 14 `mjm kwm\fpw 6 tI{`cW {]tZifpw cq]w sIm- p {]h\w:4 ]Zkqcy ]qnbmpI

kzX{ Cy t\

Nm{bm

kzX{ Cy shphnfnI

apscnbm Xw

{]h\w:5 A tImfn\\pkcnv B C tImfw ]qnbmpI. A hntZi\bw knwe Icm cmjv{Sob ASnbcmh Imivao t]mpKokpIm 1972 \mjW tIm^dkv 1961 tNcntNcm {]m\w 1975 B C tjv A_vZp tKmh s\lvdp CncmKmn Cym-]mv bpw

UNIT : 8

tIcfpXpa
{]h\w:1 Cwojv CunymI\n tIcfn A[nImcw m]n \mhgnI DsSpn ^vtfmNmv XmdmpI. \mpcmPmmcpsS Ass\Iyw \mpcmPmmcpsS A[nImctamlw Snphnt\mSv \mpcmPmmpmbncp i{XpX {iocmK]Ww DSSn {]h\w:2 BZyw {_nojpImsc klmbn ]gncmP ]noSv t]mcmSm\pmb kmlNcy Fsmambncpsv Isq. {_nojpImsXnsc

{]h\w:3 ]gncmP,thepn,]menb, XpSnbh {_nojpImsXnsc t]mcmw \SnbXns ImcW ]cntim[ntm s]mXphmb Nne ImcW Ism km[np.Ah GsXmssbv Isq. kqNI: 1) \nIpXn\bw 2) kmnI NqjWw 3) `cW Imcyfn CSs]S {]h\w:4 {_nojv `cWImev Pohn Hcp IjI\mWv \n Fv kev]npI. Ames `q\nIpXn \nba aqew Fsmw ZpcnXfmWv \n A\p`hnnpmIpI.? kqNI: 1) `q\nIpXn htXmXn hnp. 2) ]nWn,Zmcn{Zyw 3) {]h\w:5 A tImftmSv tbmPnh B C tImffn \nv Isn FgpXpI. A Ipd hnfcw B hnZym`ymkw C XncphnXmwIq thepn Zfh Xncph\]pcw ae_m AkaXzw CmXm \nIpXn]ncnhv Hmew

eanj skmsskn 1937 XncphnXmwIq kIemime {iocwK]Ww DSSn IpdnNy 1809 1923 1921

Imn\U tIm{Kkv Snpkpm ktf\w AJne tIcf hb\mSv tIm{Kkv ktf\w {]h\w:6 "ImjnI cwKs ASnm\ ImcWw' \ncmibpw ISp

]nWnbpambncpp

ae_m

Iem]fpsS

hneyw temK (ae_m PnmIeIvS) "PohnXn\m[mcamb Irjnbpw Irjn\Sp hkvXphpw shSntbnhcp IjI Zmcn{Zy Zp:Jm \ncmiv ]m{Xambnop' (sI.am[h \mb ae_m Iem]w)

cv {]apJ hynI ae_m IjI Iem]fpsS ImcW IsnbXmWv apIfn sImSpncnp {]kvXmh\I Cu {]kvXmh\I km[qIcnpI. kqNI: 1) ae_m IjI Iem] ImcW 2) Pnamv A[nImcw \InbXv 3) IjI Iem]sf hob hcnm {_nojpIm {ianXv {]h\w:7 ]mcm hnfw_chpw, PnIpSnbm hnfw_chpw, `qhpSaXbn [mcmfw am hcpn IjIv Cu am klmbIambnptm Fv Isq. kqN\: 1) `qhpSaXbn h am 2) IjIcpsS Ahbn h am 3) \nba 4) {]h\w:8 {_nojv I\nI tIcfn \Snb aqe[\ \nt]w tIcfns kmaqlnI kmnI cwKfn Fsmw Xcn kzm[o\w sNepnbnpsv Ismtam?

kqN\I: 1) sXmgn taJe(Irjn,hyhkmbw) 2) hnZym`ymkw 3) PohnXssien

{]h\w:9 tIcfn B[p\nI hnZym`ymkns hf F Xesn Hcp teJ\w Xmdmq. kqN\I: 1) ]s hnZym`ymk coXnI 2) {_nojpImcpsS kw`mh\I 3) {][m\hynI,m]\

{]h\w:10 {_nojv `cWImev ae_mdnt\m anIXmbncpp XncphnXmwIqdnse BtcmKycwKw. Ahp ImcW Isn Ipdnv Xmdmq.

{]h\w:11 tIcfnte \thmm\\mbIcpw, AhcpsS {][me kw`mh\Ifpw DsSpn Hcp ]nI Xmdmq. \thmm\ \mbI sshIpWvU kzman Nn kzmanI {io\mcmbW Kpcp A Imfn hw A_vZp JmZ auehn kztZim`nam\n ]{Xw Hcp PmXn, Hcp aXw, Hcp ssZhw {]h\/ kw`mh\I

{]h\w:12 PmXn hyhpw, Abnn\psaXnsc tIcfnepmb cv kacfmbncpp sshw kXym{Klhpw, Kpcphmbq kXym{Klhpw, AhbpsS ImcWfpw ^efpw Isn Ipdnv XmdmpI. kqNI: 1) sshw kXym{Klw ImcW/^e 2) Kpcphmbq kXym{Klw ImcW/^e 3) t\Xmm

{]h\w:13 "\thmm\ t\Xmmcpw tZiob {]m\hpw hfnb aqey tIcfob kaqls ]ptcmKXnbnsennpv.' Cu {]kvXmh\ F{Xtmfw icnbmsWv ]cntim[npI. kqNI: 1) \thmm\ t\XmmcpsS t]cpI, kw`mh\I 2) Cy \mjW tIm{Kkv 3) Jnem^v {]m\w aqey 1) kaXzw,kmtlmZcyw 2) km{amPytmSp FXnv 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) PmXn NnsXnsc at\m`mhw sFIyn\p Blzm\w aX kulmw hnZym`ymk cwKs ]ptcmKXn BtcmKycwKs ]ptcmKXn

{]h\w 14 \nbewL\kacw CybmsI sImSpncnsImtm tIcfnepw AesbmenIfpmbn. Fmbncpp tIcfnse \nbaewL\ kacw. kqNI: 1) ]q DpkXym{Klw 2) t\XrXzw {]h\w:15 tIcf kwm\ cq]oIcWns \mhgnI DsSpn Hcp ^vtfmNmv XmdmpI. 1920 Cy \mjW tIm{Kv \mKv]q ktf\ Xocpam\w AXns

{]h\w:16

1956 \hw_ 1. tIcf kwm\w \nehn hp

1956 C Fw Fkv a{nk`sb tI{w ]ncnv hnSm\pmb kmlNcyambncptm hntamN\ kacw. Fmbncpp hntamN\ kacns ]mmew Fv ]cntim[npI. kqNI: 1) BZys IyqWnv a{nk` 2) IjI _ _nv, hnZym`ymk _nv 3) 356-mw hIpv {]h\w:17 "tIcf hnIk\ amXrI' hnizhnJymXamWv Cu {]kvXmh\ hnebncppI. kqNI: 1) hnZym`ymk cwKw 2) BtcmKy cwKw 3) sF. Sn cwKw 4) aX kulmw {]h\w:18 tIcf hnIk\ amXrI hnizhnJymXamsWnepw Nne t]mcmbvaI C\nbpw ]cnlcntXpv. t]mcmbvaI Fsmw. ]cnlmcam \ntinpI. kqNI: 1) hnZym`ymkns \nehmc XI 2) ]cnnXn NqjWw 3) kmaqlyambn]ntmw\nph(BZnhmknI,XoctZihmknI) 4) Duns In 5) A`ykvX hnZycpsS sXmgnenmbva

UNIT : 9

tZiotbmZv{KY\w
{]h\w:1 P\\w apX acWw hsc a\pjycmb \mw hnhn[ IqmbvaIfn CSsv PohnphcmWtm? Ah GsXmsav Isn BtcmlW {Ian FgpXn ^vtfmNmv Xmdmq. kqN\ IpSpw_w

{]h\w:2 kaqlhpw kapZmbhpw Xnep {][m\ hyXymksamsWv IspI. {]h\w:3 Xmsg sImSpncnp khntijXI tZicmjv{Shpambn _sXmWv. IqSpX Isn ]nI hn]peoIcnpI. 1 2 3 4 5 6 \nnX AXnn AwKXzw

{]h\w:4 tZiw FXv Ghpw henb kapZmbamWv Cu {]kvXmh\ hnebncppI. kqN\: 1) \nba 2) AXnn 3) `cWLS\ {]h\w:5 CytZiobX \m\mXznGIXzsa Bibn A[njvTnXamWv. Fsmw sshPmXyfmWv Cybn Zinm IgnbpXv? Hcp hniZoIcW Ipdnv Xmdmq. kqN\: 1) aXw 2) PmXn 3) `mj

{]h\w:6 Ctm Bcy ]Z acw ]qcnnpI

ap`mjI

ap `mjI

{ZmhnU `mjI

aebmfw GXv `mjhn`mKnsSpp?

{]h\w:7 Cwv, {^mkv, P\n Fo cmPyfpsS tZiobXbn \nv Cy tZiobX Fs\ hyXymksncnpp. kqN\: \m\mXzn GIXzw {]h\w:8 Cy Hcp hwi ayqknbamsW \nKa\n \chwi imkv{Xm Fntcm Fsmw ImcWfmWv Fv Isq? {]h\w:9 tZiotbmZv{KY\s kw_np Hcp skan\mdn A\kv F Ipn "tZitmSp Hcp sshImcnIX am{XamWv".tZiobX Fv A`n{]mbsp. XpSp Nbn Cu hmZs JWvUnv sImv tcjva Nne hmZ Dbnp.Ah Fsmsbmbncnpw? kqN\: tZiobXp hniZoIcW {]h\w:10 Nnekw`h Xmsg sImSppp. tZiobXtbm Fv ]nIsSppI. Cy kzmX{y kacw t_mIvk Iem]w Idpv bpw Atacn CdmJv bpw ssN\ Cysb A{IanXv Atacn kzmX{y kacw Ah {]Xntcm[ tZiobXtbm,A{ImaI

{]h\w:11 Cy tZiobX cq]sSppXn klmbn hnhn[ LSI F hnjbn kvIqfn AhXcnnm\p Hcp skan\m XmdmpIbmWv APojv. Cu skan\mdn\v th hnhc \In APojns\ klmbnmtam? kqNI: 1) Ncn{X]camb LSI 2) `qanimkv{X]camb LSI 3) kmwkvImcnIw 4) {]h\w:12 Cwns HutZymKnI aXw Bn aXamWv. kuZn Atd_ybptSXv CmamWv. Cyv Hcp HutZymKnI aXw CmXv Fp sImmWv Fv Isq. kqN\:aX\nct]X {]h\w:13 hnhn[ tZiob Zn\ \mw BNcnmdptm? (dnnv Zn\w, kzm{y Zn\w). Ch aX\nct]ambn Fs\ BNcnmw.? kqN\: 1) tLmjbm{XIfn hnhn[ aXhn`mKfpsS ]mfnw 2) hnhn[ aXt\XmmcpsS ]mfnw 3) {]h\w:14 Xncnp amebnse Nne appIv A\ptbmPyamb t]cpI \Iq

P\m[n]Xyw

atXXcXzw

Cy `cWLS\

{]h\w:15 CybpsS tZiob Nn DsSpn Hcp ]Z kqcy \nnpI.

tZiob Km\w

tZiob ]XmI

{]h\w:16 Cy Xmcsf \mw A\ptamZnpIbpw Ahv \mw am\knI ]npW \IpIbpw sNpp. CXv tZiobX {]Xn^ennp Hcp DZmlcWamWv. assmw k`fnemWv \mw km[mcWbmbn tZiobX {]ISnnmdpXv? kqNI: 1) Cybpambn Bscnepw bpw sNptm 2) tZiobKm\w Be]nptm 3) 4) {]h\w:17 tZiotbmZv{KY\ns ASnm\ LSIamWv Bib]camb Hcpa. assmw LSIfmWv tZiotbmZv{KY\ns ASnm\ambnpXv. {]h\w:18 (sXepm\ kachpambn _s Hcp ]{Xhmtbm, hKobX, Xn{hhmZw,Fnh kw_n hmtbm, Nn{Xtfm,A[ym]nI mkn {]Zinnpp.) Cy tZimtbmZv{KY\w t\cnSp shphnfnI Ahbvp ]cnlmc am Fnh DsSpn Hcp eLphnhcWw XmdmpI. kqNI: 1) 2) 3) 1) 2) 3) hobX {]mtZinIhmZw

]cnlmc am: aqey Dsmnp hnZym`ymkw sXmgnehkc

UNIT : 10

P\m[n]Xyw
{]h\w 1 Xmsg sImSp hkvXpXIsf A\ptbmPyamb coXnbn ]nIsSppI ]pcmX\ {Kokn \ne\nncpp. Fm ]ucmpw ]mfnapv Cs t]mse DtZymKhran. {]Xn\n[nIfneqsS {]hnpp. {]mb]qn thmhImiw CXv km[yamn

kqNI :-

{]Xy P\m[n]Xyw

]tcm P\m[n]Xyw ({]mXn\n[yw P\m[n]Xyw)

]pcmX\ {Kokn \ne\nncpp

{]Xn\n[nIfneqsS {]hnpp

{]h\w 2 Xmsg sImSp ^vtfmNmv ]qnbmpI Pm\m[n]Xyw

taaI

kaXzw F Bib n\v {]m[m\yw

`qcn]ns A`n{]mbw ASnt]npp

{]h\w 3 GXm\pw NnecpsS ssIIfn A[nImcw \ne\npXv P\m[n]Xyn\v `qjWa. krjvSn ]camb hnai\w P\m[n]Xyn\v BhiyamWv {][m\a{n apIfn sImSp {]kvXmh\I hnebncpn P\m[n]Xyns \ne\n]n\mhiyamb av LSI Isn Hcp Ipdnv XmdmpI kqNI :cmjv{Sob kzmX{yw kzX{ am[ya

{]h\w 4 kzX{hpw \oXnbphpamb sXcsSpn\v Fm {IaoIcWfpw ]qnbmbn sXcsSpv IojW. hm sXcsSpv Iojs NpaXeI hyamnsmv Hcp t\mokv/ eLpteJ XmdmpI. A\ptbmPyamb Xesv \IpI kqNI:thm ]nI Xmdm Nnw A\phZn {]h\w 5 cmjv{Sob P\m[n]Xyw \nbahmgvNv hnt[bamWv. kao]Imes GsXnepw Hcp kw`hw DZmlcnv Cu {]kvXmh\sb km[qIcnpI. {]h\w 6 ]Zkqcy ]qnbmpI
D

{]Xy P\m[n]Xyw

lnX ]cntim[\
A

{]h\w 7 ]nI hn]peoIcnpI P\m[n]Xyns in shphnfnI \nccX \nbahmgvN

]nIbn \nch[n shphnfnI Isnbtm? Ch ]cnlcnm Fsmw \ntifmWv \nv \Im\pXv? kqNI sXmgnehkc \IpI hnZym`ymk kuIcy

UNIT : 11 a\pjymhImi
{]h\w 1 (a\pjymhImi ewL\hpambn _s Nne Nn{X So mkn {]Zinnpp) (a\pjymhImifpsS hnv hcp {]knbpw Ah kwcnstSXns BhiyIXbpw BapJambn So AhXcnnpp) GsXmw AhkcfnemWv AhImi \ntj[nsSpXv? A[ym]nI Xmdmnb write up Dw work sheet Dw \Ipp. a\pjymhImiw Fv? a\pjymhImi ewL\w GsXmw taJebn? a\pjymhImi kwcWhpambn _sv {]hnp hnhn[ GPknI Gh? IpnIfpsS AhImi Gh? kv{XoIfpsS AhImi Gh? a\pjymhImi Iojs {]h\? {]h\w 2 15,000 cq]v cmPp hmnb T.V skv 3 Znhkw Igntm {]h\ clnXambn. Uoesd kao]ntm Atlw AXv amn \Imt\m {]h\aamn \Imt\m Xmdmbn. cmPphn\v \nba]cambn kao]nmhp GPkn GXmWv? Cu GPknbpsS {]h\w Fns\bmWv? Ipdnv XmdmpI

{]h\w 3 D]t`mmhn\v AhImitmsSmw Nne ISaI IqSnbpv. Ah Ismtam? {]h\w 4 D]t`mIvXr kwcWhpambn _s t_m[hcW mkn hnjbw AhXcnnm Wns \n Fsmw hkvXpXI AhXcnnpw? {]h\w 5 Cy `cWLS\bn {]Xn]mZnp \ntiI XXz a\pjymhImi ]cnt]mjnnpXn\pw \ne\npXn\pw F{Xtmfw klmbIamWv? IspI {]h\w 6 KmlnI ]oU\ \ntcm[\ \nbaw _me\oXn \nbaw Ch IpnIfpsSbpw kv{XoIfpsSbpw AhImi kwcnm\p \nbafmWv. CXv t]msebp av \nba Isn DNnXamb iojIn ]nIsSpmtam? kqNI:- _methe \ntcm[\\nbaw kv{Xo[\ \ntcm[\\nbaw {]h\w 7 Dec 10 a\pjymhImi Zn\hpambn _sv SS _v \Sp dmenbntev smUpI FgpXn Xmdmmtam? {]h\w 8 a\pjymhImifpsS Zpcp]tbmKw F hnjbn Hcp kwhmZw \Spp. Fsmw hkvXpXIfmWv kwhmZn DbnsSpI? kqNI:NpIampp. {]h\w 9 kmtZiob a\pjymhImi {]Jym]\n {]Xn]mZnp Hcp AhImiamWv ASnan \np tamN\w assmw AhImifmWv CXn {]Xn]mZnnpXv? {]h\w 10 AtZiob Xenepw tZiob Xenepw {]hnp a\pjymhImi kwLS\Isf ]nIsSppI kqNI:AtZiob Xew tZiobXew `oIchmZ {]h\v a\pjymhImiw adbmpp. kmnI Xm]cyv a\pjymhImi {]m\sf

UNIT : 12
kam[m\hpw kpcnXXzhpw Amcmjv{S kwLS\IfneqsS
{]h\w 1 H\h[n ZpcnXpw Zpcpw B[p\nI temIw kmyw hlnppv. CXv am\hcminbpsS \ne\n]n\v `ojWnbmWv. temIbp, B`yc Iem], `oIcm{IaW, {]IXn Zpc XpSnbh Nne DZmlcWfmWv. BtKmf Xen Ccw {]iv\ ]cnlcnm\pw CcIsf klmbnm\pw \nch[n GPknI, m]\ \ne \nevpp. Ah GsXms ? enp sNpI kqNI:- UNO SAARC ta list sNbvX m]\, GPknI Fnhsb kw_n hnhc Xmsg sImSp format ]qnbmmtam? kwLS\ UNO m]n hjw 1945 Bm\w \yqtbmv {]h\w Acmjv{S kam[m\w \ne\npp

{]h\w 2 1945 UNO cq]w sImpp. 1946 kcmPy kJyw ]ncnv hnSpp kcmPy kJyw eyfpsS XpSbmtWm UNO ? Fn a. kcmPy kJyns ey?

b. kcmPy kJyns ]cmPbImcW?

c. UNO bpsS t\?

d. UNO bpsS tIm?

Fnh IspI {]h\w 3 1945 cq]w sIm UNO Hcp Znhkw sImtm amkw sImtm DmbX \nch[n hjs {]h\fpsS ^eamWv cq]w sImXv. UNO bpsS cq]oIcWhpambn _s hjfpw kw`hfpw ]nIsSppI. hjw kw`hw

{]h\w 4 hotm A[nImcw cmkanXnbpsS {]h\s kzm[o\npp kaIenI kw`hfn Atacn \ne]mSv N sNbvXv hotm A[nImcns kzm[o\w IspI. {]h\w 5 sFIycmjv{S k`bpsS GPknI FgpXnb Iqn AXn s]SmXpw FgpXnpv. env ]cntim[nv GPknItfbpw Amhbpw thXncnpI. OPEC, NAM, ILO, WHO, WHO, World Bank, UNESCO, UNICEF, PUL Cu GPknIfn GsXnepw 3 Fns {]h\ hniZoIcnmtam? {]h\w 6 "Cyv cmkanXnbn ncmwKXzw, djy A\pIqe \ne]msSSpp' hm sFIycmjv{S cmkanXnbn Cyv ncmwKXzw e`ntXns BhiyIX ]cntim[npI. kqNI:- cmkanXnbpsS {][m\yw hotm A[nImcns Zpcp]tbmKw {]iv\fn CSs]SSm\p in {]h\w 7 Amcjv{S {]iv\fn kPohamb CSs]SemWv tNcntNcmbva BhiysSpXv. amdn hcp temI {Ian NAM s {]kn hnebncppI. tNcntNcm {]m\ns ey \ndthm {]m\n\v km[npthm? kanpI

{]h\w 8 ]mcnnXnI {]iv\fn Amcmjv{S Kh: CXc kwLS\IfpsS {]h\ km[yXI Cu hnjbn skan\m t] XmdmpI kqNI:{Ko]okv tem_bm Nn]vtIm {]m\w

{]h\w 9 kam[m\n\pw kpcnXXzn\pw `ojWn Dbp Hcp {]iv\amWv ]Ihym[nI BtcmKy a{n assmw `ojWnIfmWv \mw t\cnSpXv? Ch ]cnlcnm Bhiyamb {]mtbmKnI \S]SnI NqnmWnpI