GraenjeglagolskihvremenauEngleskomjeziku Na2.stranisenalazitabelakojapredstavljamatricupokojojsegradisvih12vremenauEngleskomjeziku. Tabelanastrani2.sekoristitakotoseuzimajupodaciiztabelepremaredosledukojijenavedenusamomvrhutabele, tj.izrazsegradiporedosledu1+2+3. Kodpotvrdnogoblikainegacijeuzimamoprvopodatakizkolonelice1.,pazatimbiramoizkolonasaobelejima2. (zavisnodalijeupitanjupotvrdnioblikilinegacija),pazatimuzimamooblikglagolaizkolona3.usvomoblikuzavisno dalijepravilanilinepravilan. Kodupitnogoblikauzimamoprvopodatakizposlednjekolonepitanje1.+2.,pazatimuzimamooblikglagolaizkolona 3.usvomoblikuzavisnodalijepravilanilinepravilan. PosebnosegradinegacijauPastSimplevremenutakotoseposleizrazadidnotstavljaoblikglagolausadanjem vremenu,aneuPastSimplevremenu,tojenaznaenododatkomuzagradiusamojtabelinatommestu. UPresentSimplevremenunastavakssedodajeglagolskomoblikusamoupotvrdnomobliku,daklenedodajeseu negacijiiupitnomobliku.Tojeutabelinaznaenotakotojenavedenoblikglagolaisanastavkomsibeznastavkai usamojtabelijeobeleenoovomutombojom. Uovojtabelisustavljeniprimerijednogpravilnogijednognepravilnogglagola.

agola. (MoeseprimetitidajekodpravilnihglagolaistiobliksamogglagolaiuPastSimplevremenuiusva3oblikaPerfect vremena,dokjekodnepravlnihglagolarazliitobliksamogglagolauPastSimplevremenuiu3oblikaPerfectvremena. PajeuovojtabeliPastSimpleobliknepravilnogglagolamarkiranzelenombojom.) Nastrani3.senalazeizvaenikompletniobliciizosnovnematricezaova2glagolauprimeru. Nastranama4.6.senalazeobjanjenjaotomekadasekojevremekoristiuprianju,odnosnoprepriavanju, odnosnoplaniranjuodreenihdogaaja. [Zaonogkonameravadakoristipravilnougovorusvih12vremenauEngleskomjeziku,vesepodrazumevadazna sledee: kodpravilnihglagolaistijeublikiuPastSimplevremenuiu3oblikaPerfektvremena(PastPrefekt,Present Perfect,FuturPerfect)igradisejednostavnimdodavanjemnastavkaed kodnapravilnihglagoladaklenemapravila,ioblikmoramonauiti(nabubati)napametiztabele,aizgovor najboljeuitiizoriginalnihzvunihfajlova kodsvih6oblikaContinuousvremenaoblikglagolasegradidodavanjemnastavkaing.]

vreme Past Simple

lice 1. I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They I You He/She/It We You They

Past Continuous (Progressive)

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Present Simple

Present Continuous (Progressive)

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Future Simple

Future Continuous (Progressive)

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive)

potvrdnioblik 2. was were was were were were had had had had had had hadbeen hadbeen hadbeen hadbeen hadbeen hadbeen am are is are are are have have has have have have havebeen havebeen hasbeen havebeen havebeen havebeen will will will will will will willbe willbe willbe willbe willbe willbe willhave willhave willhave willhave willhave willhave willhavebeen willhavebeen willhavebeen willhavebeen willhavebeen willhavebeen

negacija 2. didnot(didnt) (call,drink) didnot(call,drink) didnot(call,drink) didnot(call,drink) didnot(call,drink) didnot(call,drink) wasnot(wasnt) werenot(werent) wasnot werenot werenot werenot hadnot hadnot hadnot hadnot hadnot hadnot hadnotbeen hadnotbeen hadnotbeen hadnotbeen hadnotbeen hadnotbeen donot(dont) donot doesnot(doesnt) donot donot donot amnot arenot isnot arenot arenot arenot havenot(havent) havenot hasnot(hasnt) havenot havenot havenot havenotbeen havenotbeen hasnotbeen havenotbeen havenotbeen havenotbeen willnot(wont) willnot willnot willnot willnot willnot willnotbe(wontbe) willnotbe willnotbe willnotbe willnotbe willnotbe willnothave willnothave willnothave willnothave willnothave willnothave willnothavebeen willnothavebeen willnothavebeen willnothavebeen willnothavebeen willnothavebeen

pravilniglagol 3. called called called called called called calling calling calling calling calling calling called called called called called called calling calling calling calling calling calling call call calls(call) call call call calling calling calling calling calling calling called called called called called called calling calling calling calling calling calling call call call call call call calling calling calling calling calling calling called called called called called called calling calling calling calling calling calling

nepravilniglagol 3. drenk drenk drenk drenk drenk drenk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drink drink drinks(drink) drink drink drink drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drink drink drink drink drink drink drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking

pitanje 1.+2. DidI(call,drink) Didyou (call,drink) Didhe/she/it (call,drink) Didwe (call,drink) Didyou (call,drink) Didthey (call,drink) WasI Wereyou Washe/she/it Werewe Wereyou Werethey HadI Hadyou Hadhe/she/it Hadwe Hadyou Hadthey HadIbeen Hadyoubeen Hadhe/she/itbeen Hadwebeen Hadyoubeen Hadtheybeen DoI Doyou Doeshe/she/it Dowe Doyou Dothey AmI Areyou Ishe/she/it Arewe Areyou Arethey HaveI Haveyou Hashe/she/it Havewe Haveyou Havethey HaveIbeen Haveyoubeen Hashe/she/itbeen Havewebeen Haveyoubeen Havetheybeen WillI Willyou Willhe/she/it Willwe Willyou Willthey WillIbe Willyoube Willhe/she/itbe Willwebe Willyoube Willtheybe WillIhave Willyouhave Willhe/she/ithave Willwehave Willyouhave Willtheyhave WillIhavebeen Willyouhavebeen Willhe/she/ithavebeen Willwehavebeen Willyouhavebeen Willtheyhavebeen

PROLOST SADANJOST BUDUNOST

vreme Past Simple

potvrdnioblik Icalled Youcalled He/She/Itcalled Wecalled Youcalled Theycalled Iwascalling Youwerecalling He/She/Itwascalling Wewerecalling Youwerecalling Theywerecalling Ihadcalled Youhadcalled He/She/Ithadcalled Wehadcalled Youhadcalled Theyhadcalled Ihadbeencalling Youhadbeencalling He/She/Ithadbeencalling Wehadbeencalling Youhadbeencalling Theyhadbeencalling Icall Youcall He/She/Itcalls Wecall Youcall Theycall Iamcalling Youarecalling He/She/Itiscalling Wearecalling Youarecalling Theyarecalling Ihavecalled Youhavecalled He/She/Ithascalled Wehavecalled Youhavecalled Theyhavecalled Ihavebeencalling Youhavebeencalling He/She/Ithasbeencalling Wehavebeencalling Youhavebeencalling Theyhavebeencalling Iwillcall Youwillcall He/She/Itwillcall Wewillcall Youwillcall Theywillcall Iwillbecalling Youwillbecalling He/She/Itwillbecalling Wewillbecalling Youwillbecalling Theywillbecalling Iwillhavecalled Youwillhavecalled He/She/Itwillhavecalled Wewillhavecalled Youwillhavecalled Theywillhavecalled Iwillhavebeencalling Youwillhavebeencalling He/She/Itwillhavebeencalling Wewillhavebeencalling Youwillhavebeencalling Theywillhavebeencalling

negacija Ididnotcall Youdidnotcall He/She/It didnotcall We didnotcall Youdidnotcall Theydidnotcall Iwasnotcalling Youwerenotcalling He/she/itwasnotcalling Wewerenotcalling Youwerenotcalling Theywerenotcalling Ihadnotcalled Youhadnotcalled He/She/Ithadnotcalled Wehadnotcalled Youhadnotcalled Theyhadnotcalled Ihadnotbeen calling Youhadnotbeen calling He/She/Ithadnotbeen calling Wehadnotbeen calling Youhadnotbeen calling Theyhadnotbeen calling Idonotcall Youdonotcall He/She/Itdoesnotcall Wedonotcall Youdonotcall Theydonotcall Iamnotcalling Youarenotcalling He/She/Itisnotcalling Wearenotcalling Youarenotcalling Theyarenotcalling Ihavenotcalled Youhavenotcalled He/She/Ithasnotcalled Wehavenotcalled Youhavenotcalled Theyhavenotcalled Ihavenotbeencalling Youhavenotbeencalling He/She/Ithasnotbeencalling Wehavenotbeencalling Youhavenotbeencalling Theyhavenotbeencalling I willnotcall You willnotcall He/She/It willnotcall Wewillnotcall You willnotcall They willnotcall I willnotbecalling You willnotbecalling He/She/It willnotbecalling Wewillnotbecalling You willnotbecalling They willnotbecalling I willnothavecalled You willnothavecalled He/She/It willnothavecalled Wewillnothavecalled You willnothavecalled They willnothavecalled I willnothavebeencalling You willnothavebeencalling He/She/It willnothavebeencalling Wewillnothavebeencalling You willnothavebeencalling They willnothavebeencalling

pitanje DidIcall Didyoucall Didhe/she/itcall Didwecall Didyoucall Didtheycall WasIcalling Wereyoucalling Washe/she/itcalling Werewecalling Wereyoucalling Weretheycalling HadIcalled Hadyoucalled Hadhe/she/itcalled Hadwecalled Hadyoucalled Hadtheycalled HadIbeen calling Hadyoubeen calling Hadhe/she/itbeencalling Hadwebeen calling Hadyoubeen calling Hadtheybeen calling DoIcall Doyou call Doeshe/she/it call Dowe call Doyou call Dothey call AmIcalling Areyoucalling Ishe/she/itcalling Arewecalling Areyoucalling Aretheycalling HaveIcalled Haveyoucalled Hashe/she/itcalled Havewecalled Haveyoucalled Havetheycalled HaveIbeencalling Haveyoubeencalling Hashe/she/itbeencalling Havewebeencalling Haveyoubeencalling Havetheybeencalling WillIcall Willyou call Willhe/she/it call Willwe call Willyou call Willthey call WillIbecalling Willyoubecalling Willhe/she/itbecalling Willwebecalling Willyoubecalling Willtheybecalling WillIhavecalled Willyouhavecalled Willhe/she/ithavecalled Willwehavecalled Willyouhavecalled Willtheyhavecalled WillIhavebeencalling Willyouhavebeencalling Willhe/she/ithavebeencalling Willwehavebeencalling Willyouhavebeencalling Willtheyhavebeencalling

nepravilniglagol drenk drenk drenk drenk drenk drenk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drink drink drinks (drink) drink drink drink drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drink drink drink drink drink drink drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drunk drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking drinking

Past Continuous (Progressive)

PROLOST SADANJOST BUDUNOST

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Present Simple

Present Continuous (Progressive)

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) Future Simple

Future Continuous (Progressive)

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive)


PastSimple(proloprosto) Koristisezaradnjekojesuokonanepotpunozavrene(kadajeradnjazavrenainemanikakvevezesa sadanjou)./IwasinLiverpoollastyear./ Koristisezaproleradnjeijeseposlediceneoseajudirektnousadanjosti. /Wewenttoschoolwhenwewerechildren./ Koristisekadagovorimoostvarimakojeelimodasedogodeilibitrebalodasedogode: /It'stimetheywereback./;/IwishIhadanewcomputer./ Koristiseuzavisnojreeniciakojeuglavnojprostoprolovrijeme(slaganjevremena): /ThepolicemantoldmeIdrovetoomuch./ Vrloestoseuvodinekomvremenskomodrednicomnpr."Yesterday,lastweek,ayearago,in1695". Koristisezaustaljeneradnjeinavikeizprolosti./John'scutlikedspaghetti./;/Mariaalwaysdroppedbasketball./ PastContinuous(Progressive)(prolotrajno) Koristisezastanjaidogaajekojisutrajaliujednomtrenutkuuprolosti,adativremenskitrenutakperiodnije mogaodugodatraje. Koristisezaradnjekojesupoeleujednomtrenutkuuprolostiinijesigurnodasujouvekzavrene.Zazavrene radnjeuprolostikoristimoPastSimple. Koristisedaseopiepozadina,odnosnodasepreditaocepostaviscenapriepisanauprolomvremenu. /JamesBondwasdrivingthroughtown.Itwasraining.Thewindwasblowinghard.Nobodywaswalkinginthestreets. Suddenly,Bondsawthekillerinatelephonebox.../ Koristisedaseopieradnjakojajetrajaladotrenutkakadajujeprekinulanekadrugaprolaradnja: /IwaswatchingTVwhenyoutelephoned./ Koristisedaseizrazipromenamiljenja: /IwasgoingtospendthedayatthebeachbutI'vedecidedtogoonanexcursioninstead./ Koristisezadvijeradnjekojesedeavajuistovremeno: /Thechildrenwereplayingwhiletheirmotherswerechatting./ Koristiseuzavisnojreeniciumjestonesvrenesadanjostiakojeuglavnojreeniciprolost: /Iknewthathewastalkingtoheraboutherdaughter./ PastPerfect(predprolo) Koristisekadasegovorioradnjikojasevedogodilauprolostiprenekedrugeradnjeuprolosti. Koristisezaizraavanjeradnjezakojusepretpostavljalodajetrebalodasedogodiuprolostiprenekedruge radnje: /Erinhadcheckedthepricebeforeshebookedthecabin./;/Wehadlefthomebeforehecame./;/Thetrainleftat9am. Wearrivedat9.15am.Thetrainhadleftwhenwearrived./;/Iwasnothungry.Ihadjusteaten./;/Ididn'tknowwhohe was.Ihadneverseenhimbefore./;/Hesaidthathehadseenhimatthetheatre./ Koristiseuzavisnimreenicamauzafter: /Hegotaheadacheafterhehadwashedhishair./ Koristiseizaizraza:asif,ifonly,Iwishdaseizrazinetotonijeostvarenouprolosti: /IwishIhadmetyoubefore./;/IfonlyyouhadsentmetheSMS./;/HeplayedthebasketballasifhehadplayedinNBA./ PastPerfectContinuous(Progressive)(predprolotrajno) Koristisezastanjaidogaajekojisutrajaliujednomperioduuprolosti,adativremenskiperiodjerelativnodugo trajao./WhenIwasher,shewaseatingicecream./;/Atthattimeweweretalkingonthephoneeveryday./ Koristisedabiseoznailaradnjakojajetrajalauprolostiprenekedrugeproleradnje: /WhenIarrived,Ramhadbeenwaitingfortwohours./;/Johnwasverytired.Hehadbeenrunning./;/Icouldsmell cigarettes.somebodyhadbeensmoking./ Koristiseuindirektnomgovoruumestotrajnogoblikaprologvremena(pastcontinuous)udirektnomgovoru: (Direktnigovor:/"Someofmyfriendshavebeenplayingcardsallnight."/ Indirektnigovor:/Petersaidthatsomeofhisfriendshadbeenplayingcardsallnight./)

PresentSimple(sadanjeprosto) Koristisezainjeninatrenutnastanjaitrenutnenavike./Ilikechocolate./;/ThechildrenwatchTVeverynight./ PresentSimplesenajeekoristizaopteiskazeiliradnjeusadanjostikojesuvezanezaodreenitrenutak. Koristisezapotvrivanjepoznateistine./Fishliveinwater./ Koristisezaoznaavanjeradnjeijetrajanjenijeodreeno./Iwrite./ Koristiseiondakadaseopisujuuobiajeneaktivnosti(radnjekojeseuobiajenoponavljaju),(kojesevreponavici), (kojeseredovnoponavljaju).Tadaseureeniciestokoristeprilozizauestalost,kaotosu:ussually,always,everyday, often,frequently,sometimes,occasionally.)/Hereadsthenewspapereverymorning./;/IhaveanEnglishlessonthree timesaweek./ KoristizadogaajeubudunostikadajereoSTROGOISPLANIRANOMVREMENSKOMTRENUTKU. /MycousinarrivesonMonday./;/MyhusbandtraveltoMoscowonthe27th./ PresentContinuous(Progressive)(sadanjetrajno) Koristisezatrenutnastanja,zaradnjekojesedeavajuutrenutkugovoraikojetrajuodreeniperiod.Uvekse odnosinaperiodkojioseamokaojasnoogranien./Iameatingchocolate./;/Theyreplanningatrip./ Koristisekadasedajuizjavekojevaesamoudatomtrenutkuilisuprolaznogklaraktera. /Imlookingforanewhouse./;/Myfeetarekillingme./ Koristisezapredstavljanjedogaajakojiseponavljaju(ijejetrajanjeneprekidno).Tadaseureeniciobinokoriste prilozialways,constantly,foreverisl.. Iakojesadanjeglagolskovreme,koristisezaSTROGOISPLANIRANEdogaaje,odnosnorokoveubudunosti. /I'mgoingtoZagrebtomorrow./;/Areyoucommingtothepartytonight?/ Koristisezamoguedogaajesavelikomverovatnoom.(Daseizraziradnjakojajeveisplaniranaidesiteseu budunosti.)/It'sgoingtorain./;/I'mmeetingmygirlfriendtonight./ Koristisezaradnjekojeesedesitiubliskojbudunosti. Koristisekadasegovorioaktuelnimdeavanjima,razvojudogaajailitrendovima. /Oursharesarefalling./;/Peoplearebuyingsmallerscars./ PresentPerfect(predsadanje) Koristisezaradnjekojesupoeleuprolostiikojejouvektrajuusadanjosti. Koristisezastanjaidogaajekojisuzapoeliuprolostiikojiusadanjostinisudovreni(zavreni),kojijouvek trajuilisujouvekodvelikogznaaja(kojijouvekvae),(kojisujouvekaktuelni<<uamerikomengleskomseestoiza aktuelnastanjaestoupotrebljavaPastSimple>>). /WehavelivedinLondonforfiveyears./;/Theplumberhasbeenheresince9a.m../ Koristisezaizraavanjepovezanostizmeuprolostiisadanjosti,tanovremedeavanjaradnjenijenaznaeno,to znaidasmoviezainteresovanizarezultatradnjenegozasamuradnju.Kadagovormokadaseokonanaradnjaodvijala moramoupotrebitiproloprostovrijeme(pastsimple). Koristisedabisereklokolikodugosevenetodeava./HowlonghavetheybeeninNederland?/ Izrazikojiseestoureenicamasaovimvremenomsu"ever,never,yet,notyet,howlong,already,for,since,sofar, untillnow,thisweek,thisyear.../Wehaven'tmethim./;/Shehasn'tcalledyet./;/HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?/;/I haveknowhimfortwoyears./ Koristisedaseizraziradnjakojajezavrenauvremenskomperiodukojijotraje: /IhavebeentoZagrebthisweek./(ovenedeljesamputovaouZagreb,sedmicajonijezavrena); Koristisedaseoznairadnjakojajezavrenanekaduprolosti,alijerezultatradnje(posledica)idaljevaan: /Ihavebuoghtacar./(kupiosamauto,vanojedajeautokupljen,nijebitnokada); Koristisedaseizraziradnjakojaseupravodogodila(uzpriloge"just''ili''justnow''): /Theguestshavejustenteredthehall./ Koristisezasaoptavanjenovosti./Markohaswrittenanothernovel./;/Clarkhasmarriedforthefifthtime./ PresentPerfectContinuous(Progressive)(predsadanjetrajno) Koristisezaradnjekojesuzapoeteuprolostiikojeseusadanjostijouvekkotinuirano,aktivnoodvijaju. /Ithasbeensnowingsince2o'clock./;/ErinhasbeenlivinginCanadaforamont./;/I'vebeenreadingfortwohours./ Koristisedaizrazimoradnjukojajenedavnoiliupravozavrila.Iobinoimamosadaimamonekuposljedicu. /I'mtiredbecauseI'vebeenrunning./;/Youdon'tunderstandbecauseyouhaven'tbeenlistening./ estosekoriste"for"i"since".Forkoristimokadapriamoorazdobljuvremena:5minuta,7sedmica,20godina. Akotorazdobljeseedosadanjegtrenutkaupotrebljavamouzforperfekt,aakojetorazdobljezavrenomoramo upotrebitipastsimple.Sincekoristimokadaznamoodkojevremensketakeseodvijaradnja:u9sati,7.januara,u petak.Forsemoekoristitiusvimvremenima,asinceseobinokoristisamosaperfectvremenima. /I'vebeenstudyingforthreehours./;/I'vebeenwatchingTVsince7pm./


FutureSimple(budueprosto) Koristisedabioznailaradnjakojaesedesitiubudunosti. Koristisezadogaajekojinisuplanirani,negosesluajnodeavajuilimogudasedese. /Itwillrainsoon./;/Ifyouaren'tcareful,you'llfall./ Koristisezaizraavanjepredlogaiidejaprilikomplaniranja. /Iwillbydrinksfortheparty./;/Johnwilltakethecartomorrow,andwe'lltakethebus./ Koristisedabiseiskazaloobeanje,namera,pretnja,ilispontanaodlukavezanazabudunost. /I'llmeetyouinthepubtonight./;/We'llgotoBelgiumthissummer./ Koristisenaroitoestoposleglagolakojioznaavajuoekivanje,naduitd. /Ihopewewillhavebetterlucknextday./;/Iexpectthathewillcometomorrow./;/Iwillhelpherbecausesheisbeautiful. / FutureContinuous(Progressive)(buduetrajno) Koristisezadogaajezakojiseznadaesesvakakoodigrati,toznaidanemoraposebnodaseplanira. /IcanaskMarko.I'llbeseeinghimtomorrow./ Koristiseedogaajekojieseponavljati(trajae)odreenitrenutakperiodubudunosti,adatitrenutakperiod needugotrajati. /Iwillbeplayingtennisat10amtomorrow./;/We'llbehavingdinnerwhenfilmstarts./;/Takeyourumbrella,itwillbe rainingwhenyoureturn./ FuturePerfect(prebudue) Koristisezaradnjukojaesedesitiprenekedrugeradnjeubudunosti: /Whenyouarrivetherainwillhaveleft./ Koristisezaradnjukojaesedesitiizavritidoodreenogvremenaubudunosti: /TheywillhavelefttheParlamentby12o'clock./ FuturePerfectContinuous(Progressive)(predbuduetrajno) Koristisezaradnjukojatrajeodreeniperiodvremenadojednedrugebudueradnjeilioznakebuduegvremena kadaovaprvaradnjajotraje.Drugimreimaizraavaradnjukojaetrajatidoodreenogbuduegvremenailitrenutkau budunosti,aneunekomodreenomtrenutkuubudunosti: /At20o'clockintheevening,Iwillhavebeenworkingtenhours./;/Hewillhavebeentravellingfor24hours./

Nepotpunimodalniglagolcan/could/beabletokaoiglagoliknowilikenemajuContinuousoblike(niSimple ContinuousniPerfectContinuousoblike). GlagolwantnemasamoPresentContinuousoblik. Najkorieniji81glagolkojebitrebaosvakoznatisu: pravilni(28): answer,arrive,ask,book,call,cancel,carry,change,close,cook,decide,enjoy,help,invite,like,listen,live,look, need,open,play,stay,travel,visit,wait,want,wash,work nepravilni(53): be,become,begin,break,bring,buy,can/beableto,catch,choose,come,cost,cut,do,drink,drive,eat,fall, feel,find,fly,forget,get,give,go,have,hear,hurt,know,learn,leave,lend,lose,make,meet,pay,put,read, run,say,see,sell,send,shut,sit,sleep,speak,spend,stand,swim,take,think,wear,write.
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