Basic English Course


by

Adziah Aziz
 1. TOPIC
2. TYPES OF SENTENCES
3. TYPES OF SENTENCES 2
4. WHY DO WE LEARN ENG
5. TRANSFORMATION
6. QUALITY OF LEARNING
7. SINGULAR PLURAL - VOCAB
8. SINGULAR PLURAL
10. MAKING SENTENCES – SING/PLURAL
11. NOUN
12. PRONOUN
12 TABLE OF PRONOUN
13 GRAMMAR
14 VERB
15 TENSES
16 ACTIVE-PASSIVE
17 SENTENCES ACT-PASS
18 ADJ, ADVERB
19 ADVERB
20 ADJECTIVES
21 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVE
22 PREPOSITION
23 VERB-INFINITIVES
QUAL ITY OF
LEA RNI NG .
 MANAGING EXAMINATION SKILLS.
 WHOLE BRAIN TEACHING & LEARNING.
 PREFERRED LEARNING STYLE.
 EFFECTING LISTENING.
 MEMORY SKILLS.
 POWER READING.
 MAKING NOTES.
 VISUALIZATION TEACHNIQUES.
Transf or ma tion.

INPUT PROSES OUTPUT

WORKERS
KNOWLEDGE
INNOVATORS
S.A.L
STUDENT PARENTS
TEACHERS WIVES
SOCIETY SISTERS
INDIVIDUAL
• Why do we Introduction
learn
English?
Tentative Program
Objective
• To upgrade
Methodology
& to enrich
our Cooperative Learning
knowledge!
 Learning?
 Happy?
 Interesting?
 Boring?
 Ask to………by……….
 No feelings
 Not interested
 Message unacomplished
 Why????
Basic sentences
Noun + Verb

He talks.
She cooks.
My mother prays.
Noun + V erb +
Pr eposi tio n
 He talks near the room.

 She cooks in the kitchen.

 My mother prays for me.

NOUN + ADJECTIVES

She thin
He handsome
I fat
The boy naughty
That girl clumsy
 She is thin.
The thin girl sits near me.

He is handsome.
That handsome man is my brother.

The boy is naughty.

The naughty boy likes to fight.
 Building sentences

Subject – predicate

• She is clever.
• Cats are domestic animal and lovable to us.
• That book is very thick.
• Your house is big.
• Ali writes the letter.
• They listen to the music.
• We eat the food.
• He stands.
• They sweep the papers on the floor.
• I like to tidy up the room.
Typ es o f se ntences 2

 Predicating Words – noun + verb

 Lingking words – noun + adjectives
 Compound Words
She eats.
She eats an apple in the room.
She eats an apple in the room today.
She eats a red apple in the room today.
 Types of sentences
people
animal
Noun thing

places

Predicating Words – noun + verb

Lingking words – noun + adjectives
Compound Words
 WRITING -ESSAYS
a) SEQUENCE CONNECTORS
Firstly, enter your ATM card into the cash slot.
Second,choose which language you would prefer to use.
Next,enter your pin number ,that is your personal
identification number and state the amount you wish to
draw. After that, you confirm the amount.Later your
card will be presented back to you in a matter of
minutes. Finally, the cash appeared.
 Singular , Plural - vocab
 PENAMBAHAN ‘S’ ke Verb & Noun

Verb - perbuatan

talk - talks
go - goes
drive - drives
catch - catches
Noun

box – boxes
man – men
leaf – leaves
she - the girls / they
he - the boys
I - we
Singular / plural - VERB
HE , SHE , IT.

 Siti talks to her mother.

 That girl goes to town.
 My sister catches some fish.
 He buys two toys.
 She sings beautifully.
 It sleeps soundly on the mat.
 Singular / plural - VERB
 THEY, WE , I , YOU, THE GIRLS.

 They talk to their mother.

 The girls go to town.
 My sisters catch some fish.
 Ali and Ahmad buy two toys.
 We sing beautifully.
 You sleep soundly on the mat.
Singular / plural - verb to be

 Is - are
 Has - have
 This - these
 That - those
 Making sentences
n She has a book.
n They have two books.
n The students have many books.
n Every boy has a book.
n Each girl is studying in the library.
n I have an apple and Siti has four apples.
n That lady is preety, those ladies are
more preetier.
n My father buys a bicycle.
n He buys two bicycles.
n You have one child but I have eight
children.
ARTICLES.
the - singular & plural .
-signals a particular person/thing that has been singled out from others.
-second reference

Exercises A . Exercises B.
1. This is ___pen.
1. This is --- ball. 2. ____ pen belongs to Sarah.
2. This is---icecream. 3. There are many aeroplanes here but I like to see ____
3. This is---apple. red aeroplane flying.
4.This is---book. 4._____moon is beautiful at night isn’t it?
5.This is--- egg. 5. You have many books and they are not fit with _____
shelves.
6. I have four books and ____ books are mine.

Omission of Articles.
-before the nouns of town, streets and most countries.
-before the names of games
-before the names of certain disease
-before the names of road and streets
-before places like - prison,school,hospital, university,bed
•but we use ‘the’ when refer to a particular place.
Gr ammar

articles
interjection noun

preposition 8 PARTS OF
SPEECH verb

adjectives
pronoun
adverb
Oh no! How could you!
a bag, an arrow, a unicorn.

articles Teacher, girl, cat,

noun
interjection ball
verb
8 PARTS
preposition OF
SPEECH pronoun

Slowly, loudly, properly, fast, smartly.

adjectives
adverb
 noun
 Count And Noncount Nouns Count nouns are nouns that can be counted
(e.g., a book, two friends, three cars, etc.). A count noun may be preceded
by a or an in the singular; it takes a final -s or -es in the plural.

 Noncount (or mass) nouns refer to things that cannot be counted (e.g.,
money, rain, snow, butter, wind, air, clothing, etc.). Noncount nouns are not
preceded by a or an and have no plural form.
advice weather equiptment
news water Jewelry

work Money Information

Postage luggage music

 Countable and uncountable Noun.
Example:-
There are a lot of sugar in the tin.
You eat plenty of food.
I have a small amount of money in my pocket.
There are several girls at the field.

Measurement used.
A cup of tea a sheet of paper a piece of cloth
A pail of water a reel of paper a piece of chalk
A tin of biscuit a slice of bread ____________
A tin of milk a loaf of bread ____________
A bottle of water a packet of chocolates _____________
A jar of sugar a bowl of rice
_____________
 Object Possessiv Possessiv
Subject e e Reflexive
Pronoun.
Adjectives Pronoun.
.
I Me My Mine Myself

Her Her Hers Herself

She
Him His His Himself
He
Us Our Ours Ourselves
We
You Your Yours Yourself
You
Them Their Theirs Themselve
They s
pronoun
 Pronoun – subject.
§ _______ did it.
§ _______ like to write poetry.
§ _______ have to escort my brother.

Pronoun – object.
§ Please show ___ the photo.
§ Ask ____ if he’s alright.
§ Take ____ to the movie.

Pronoun – possesive.
§ This is ____ book.
§ The book is in ___ bag.
§ They are ______ brothers.
§ That room is ____________ class.
 TABLE OF NOUNS
He I / you
She The girls
/ they
It two cats
The boy the boys
/ we
I go to school.

You write the letter.

They walk to my house.

We sit on the chair.

She goes to school.

He writes the letter.

The boy walks to my house.

Siti sits on the chair.

 FORMS OF VERB

Future tense Present tense Past tense Past participle Present continuous
Will / shall has / have is / are / am

eat ate eaten eating

walk walked walked walking
go went gone going
Take took taken Taking
drink drank drunk drinking
see saw seen Seeing
Cook cooked cooked Cooking
Stand Stood Stood Standing
Sing Sang Sung Singing
. draw Drew drawn drawing

Example :-
Everyday she eats the food. –
She ate the food yesterday morning. -
She has eaten the food.-
She is eating the food now. -
She will eat the food tomorrow. -
 Verb
 present tense – sekarang
 past tense - yang lepas
 present continuous Tense - sedang
 Past Participle- baru lepas
 Present Perfect - has/ have
 Gerund - penyataan
 Future Tense – akan datang
Today, she writes. (present tense)

Yesterday, she wrote. (past tense)

She is writing now. (pre. Con. tense)

She has written when you came. (Part.)

Writing is good four your own vocabulary.

(Gerund)

She will write tomorrow. (Future.)

 Verb + infinitives
Examples:
--She hopes to leave soon.
--They want to buy a car.

hope offer seem

agree forget appear
remember expect want
promise decide need
ask refuse  
Verb + noun
Example:
•Please tell me about the matter.
•Can you remind him of the incident?
•I want him to go.

tell warn force

remind permit order
advise allow expect
encoura require want
ge

( selepas ‘to’ jangan tukar tense)

Verb noun

Arrange – arrangement
behav -behaviour
compare -comparison
Conside -consideration
Close -closure
Describe - description
Destroy -destruction
Direct -direction
enjoy – enjoyment
Extend - extension
Explain - explanation
give -gift
hate -hatred
introduce -introduction

• He explain to the teacher.

The explanation can’t stop him from going to
prison.

2. I made a police report.

That reporter had to work at night.
 ACTIVE – PASSIVE VOICE.

 She eats the cake. - Dia makan kek.

 The cake is eaten by her.- Kek itu di
makan oleh dia.

Mother cooks the curry. –Emak masak

kari.
The curry is cooked by mother.- Kari di
masak oleh emak.
 SENTENCES- active-passive
 ACTIVE
 --The doctor wrote a prescription.
 PASSIVE
 --The prescription was written by the doctor.
verb + past participle
 ACTIVE: Fred helps Jane.
 PASSIVE: Jane is + helped by Fred.

 ACTIVE: He is helping her.

 PASSIVE: She is being + helped by him.

 ACTIVE: He has helped her.

 PASSIVE: She has been + helped by him.
 ACTIVE: He helped her.
 PASSIVE: She was + helped by him.
 ACTIVE: He was helping her.
 PASSIVE: She was being + helped by him.
He writes the letter. – The letter is written by
him.
Siti sweeps the floor. - The floor is swept by her.
Mother cooks the curry.- The curry is cooked by
mother.
PRESENT PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

Write Wrote Written

Sweep Swept Swept
Cooks Cooked Cooked
Draw Drew Drawn
Buy Bought Bought
See Saw Seen
Drink Drank Drunk
Run Ran Run
eat ate eaten
Adje ctiv e. Adv er b
Adjectives and adverbs are invariable in

ADJECTIVES: Adjectives always come in front of the noun they

modify
a good book
an excellent dinner
a fine dress
a charming person
a hot day
an unreasonable person

ADVERBS: English.Adverbs usually come after the verb they

modify.

This newspaper is published frequently.

The Immigration Agent is speaking quickly.
 Adverb
1.She walks quickly.
2. She draws carefully.
3. I eat slowly.
4. You jump high.
5. We talk loudly.
6. Alana sits properly.
7. They run fast.
8. He studies smartly.
9. The teacher teaches softly.
10. Father drives quickly,
11. Please write neatly.
12. Can you cook deliciously for us?
13. Can you wear beautifully four the party?
• Love your parents tenderly.
• Smile sweetly to your siblings.
 Adjectives.
Descriptive – inherent quality:- beautiful,
1. The red ball is small.
intelligent.
2. That book is thick.
Ali is short. Proper – a French dish, an Indian Muslim
He is tall. Mosque.
This pencil is long. an interesting book
These pencils are long.
a disappointing experience
You are fat.
Amin is smart. a charming view.
The lady is preety. a tired housewife.
My brother is clever.
a good-looking girl
The girls are fair.
My little sister is cute. a heart-breaking story
We are short and thin. ready-make cloth
The cat is unique.
ill-tempered person
That noodles is tasty.
a wall-to-wall carpet
a hard-to-please employer
a hit-and-run driver
 Comparison of adjective.
as _____ as __than the _____

big bigger biggest

tall taller tallest
much more most
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
old older oldest
far further furthest
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

in inner
out outer
up upper
 SENTENCES:-
The car is big. The red car is bigger than this car. The blue car is
the biggest.

Ali is tall as his father. Ahmad is taller than Ali. Amin is the tallest
among them.

I have much money in my pocket. You have more money than

me. He has the most.

She is good to her sister. Lia is better and Yana is the best

Sara is beautiful, Aminah is more beautiful than Sara but

Munirah is the most beautiful girl in the class.

You don’t know what is in the inner side of this well.

 preposition
about into
above like
between to
across near
beyond toward
after of
by under
along off
despite until
among on
down up
around out
during upon
before over
for with
behind since
from within
below through
in without
beneath throughout
beside till
Prepositions are used in phrases and as parts of verbs.
 Asked for
Spoke of Afraid of
Come in Laughing at
Looking for Broken into
Rely on Give to
Put on Speaking of
Famous for Lives at
Meet at
Divided between
Divided among
 about
I will see you at about 7.00 am.
She looked about her.
This is about the story.

Against
My mother warned me against the danger.
The mad man hit his head against the wall.
What have you got against that man?
She did it against her better judgement.
They were fighting against each other.

1.Faiz and Adnan waited for the bus.

2.He asked for the money.
3.She is looking for her cat.
4.I always rely on my mother’s opinion
 Notes
Basic structure - subject & predicate.

SUBJECT PREDICATE
Mother cooks curry.
Father washes the car.
I won the prize.
She is my friend.
The girl likes to play.
Ducks quacking near the pond.

SUBJECT PREDICATE Tenses

Mother cooks curry today
Father washed the car yesterday
I won the prize last
She is my friend. Saturday
The girl likes to play everyday.
Ducks are quacking near the now
 SUBJECT PREDICATE Sing/pl
ural
Mother and sister cook curry. They
Father and I wash the We
I car. They
She won the are
Lina, Siti and Lia prize.
Ducks / They is my
friend.
Sentences question - What is your
name?
like to play.
quacking
Statement - I near
am tired.
the pond.
Negative - She will not go
tomorrow.
Imperative - Can you help me?
Exclaminatory !! - Oh no! You can’t do this
to me!
 COLLECTIVE NOUNS
a crowd of A litter of kittens.
spectators A herd of buffaloes.
an army of soldiers. A a flock of
a bevy of ladies. sheep.
a party of friends. A pack of wolves.
a band of A troop of
musicians. monkeys.
a class of student. A zoo of wild
a crew of sailors. animals.
a basket of fruit A flock of birds.
a bunch of keys A shoal of fish
a collection of A swarm of bees.
stamps An army of ants
a library of books a row of houses
a fleet of cars a bouquet of
Building up sentences.
a list of names flowers
• A crowd of people
a pack are gatheringainbunch
of cards front of the ambassador’s
of flowers
building. a pair of shoes a comb of banana
• He gives me a bouquet of roses for a my
clumpwedding
of treesanniversary.
• he cyclist run into a row of houses when he suddenly fainted.
 OBJECT – doors – slam
SOUND drums – beat
aeroplane- zoom engines – splutter
arrows- whiz fire – crackles
bells - ring glasses – tinkle
camera-click hands – clap,slap
canes – whack heart – beat, throb
clock – hoofs – thunder
tick leaves –rustle
coins - jingle plates – clatter
teeth – chatter raindrops – patter
waves – lap thunder – rumbles
whistle - blow water – drips

Building up sentences.
1.The boy goes into the empty house and suddenly the doors slam behind
him.

2. It rains heavily and I heard the thunder rumbles.

3. The weather is cold here and my teeth is chattering.

 Compound words - expression
All- rounder one who shows ability in many kinds of
Before – hand work.
Cold-blooded in advance
Dirt-cheap without feeling
Dirty-work very cheap
Crystal-clear dishonourable practices
Ear-piercing very clear
Green-eyed shrill
Golden-voiced jealousy
Heavy-eyed pleasing to the ear
Ill-used sleepy
Lion-hearted badly treated
Lip-service of great courage
Open-handed insincere
A wet blanket generous
A slip of the tongue a discouraging person
All ears unintended talking
At a loose end paying close attention
Dead beat nothing to do
hard up exhausted
In black and white short of money
Out of hand in writing
With open arm beyond control
a warm welcome.
1.”Don’t do the dirty-work for him anymore.” Said the mother to her son.

• The sales at that supermarket is a dead-cheap!

• Mr Chai Wong is the all-rounder in the firm and everybody likes him.

• Many divers go to Pulau Redang because the water there is crystal-clear.

• During the holiday, my brother is at a loose end after finishing his exam.

• The student are all ears when the principal gives a talk on discipline.

• “After doing all the housework alone, She’s really dead beat I presume”.

• Don’t worry, mother will except you with open arms.

• Children nowdays are all out of hand.

10. Although you’re hard up now, it doesn’t meant you can beg anywhere, just be
strong and try to work harder.
 Conjunctions
and
0r
as if - He looks as if he’s very tired.
if only - I can do it if only there weren’t so much noise.
in order that - They left early in order that they can arrive on
on condition time .
(that) - Yes, on condition the payment is made before-
because hand.
so that - He sleeps because he is tired.
since - He was injured so badly that he had to go to
although clinic.
till - The boy is there since his dad past away last
unless month.
while - I can walk although my leg injured.
as - My mother will stay in the room till night.
before - You must avoid him unless he forgive you.
either……or - Please watch my bag while I go to toilet.
neither…..nor - As they were leaving the house, it rained
heavily.
- She always has a chat with neighbours before
noon.
- Either you or him goes to Kuala Lumpur today.
- Neither Ali nor Alif can sing in the contest.
DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH.

• When the reporting verb is in the past tense – direct form is

past tense.

• Pronoun; first & second person - third person.

I - he , she
We - they
You - he, him , she, her, they , them

3. this-that these – those

Today –that day here – there
Tomorrow – the next day thus – in that way, so
Yesterday- the previous day last night – that previous night
Next week – the following week. Now – then.

4. said – asked , enquired

5. said – ordered, told, warned, reminded, requested ( follow by

the person)
Always upgrading towards better life!
Basic English - a start to the first step Into
the era of IT.

happy learning – adziahaziz@yahoo.com.my

-http://adziahaziz.blogspot.com