Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations Chapter 3

Multiple Choice Questions 1. E Calcium fluoride, CaF2, is a source of fluorine and is used to fluoridate drinking water. Calculate its molar mass. a. #. c. d. e. 2. E 11 .1! g"mol $$.1! g"mol % .&% g"mol !$.& g"mol !&.&1 g"mol

Calculate the molar mass of tetraphosphorus decao'ide, ()*1&, a corrosi+e su#stance which can #e used as a drying agent. a. #. c. d. e. ),$.%3 g"mol 2 3. $ g"mol 1$&.$% g"mol 13$. g"mol $).$% g"mol

3. E

Calculate the molar mass of ru#idium car#onate, -#2C*3. a. #. c. d. e. 3)&.)3 g"mol 2!!.&& g"mol 23&.$) g"mol 1)!.)% g"mol 113.) g"mol

). E

Calculate the molar mass of ./0)132s*). a. #. c. d. e. )1%. & g"mol 1$3.&3 g"mol 1,!.&2 g"mol 1!,.$, g"mol 1& .$, g"mol

!. E

2luminum sulfate, 2l2.S*)13, is used in tanning leather, purifying water, and manufacture of antiperspirants. Calculate its molar mass. a. #. c. d. e. )!&.&, g"mol 3)2.1! g"mol 31!.1! g"mol 2% .&2 g"mol %).$ g"mol

,. 5

Calculate the molar mass of Ca.3*2124,02*. a. #. c. d. e. 2%3. % g"mol 233.%$ g"mol 1 3.%$ g"mol 1%). $ g"mol 1)3.%1 g"mol

30

%. E

5agnesium fluoride is used in the ceramics and glass industry. 6hat is the mass of 1.%2 mol of magnesium fluoride7 a. #. c. d. e. )3.3 g ,2.3 g %).! g $2.$ g 1&% g

. 0

Sodium #romate is used in a mi'ture which dissol+es gold from its ores. Calculate the mass in grams of )., mol of sodium #romate. a. #. c. d. e. %&, g ) 2g 3 3g 32.2 g &.&31& g

$. 5

6hat is the mass in grams of &.2!& mol of the common antacid calcium car#onate7 a. #. c. d. e. ).&& 1&2 g 2!.& g 1%.& g ).&& 1&82 g 2.!& 1&83 g

1&. E

Calculate the num#er of moles in 1%. g of the antacid magnesium hydro'ide, 5g.*01 2. a. #. c. d. e. 3.2 mol 2.32 mol &.)31 mol &.3&! mol &.2&& mol

11. E

(hosphorus pentachloride, (Cl!, a white solid that has a pungent, unpleasant odor, is used as a catalyst for certain organic reactions. Calculate the num#er of moles in 3 .% g of (Cl!. a. #. c. d. e. !.3 mol 3.!! mol &.! 3 mol &.2 2 mol &.1 , mol

12. E

2luminum o'ide, 2l2*3, is used as a filler for paints and +arnishes as well as in the manufacture of electrical insulators. Calculate the num#er of moles in )%.!1 g of 2l2*3. a. #. c. d. e. 2.3%% mol 2.1), mol 1.1&! mol &.),,& mol &.)2&% mol

31

13. 0

Calculate the num#er of o'ygen atoms in 2$.3) g of sodium sulfate, /a2S*). a. b. c. d. e. 1.2)) 1&23 * atoms ).$%, 1&23 * atoms 2.)&$ 1&2) * atoms 2.$1! 1&2) * atoms 1.1,, 1&2! * atoms

1). 0

(otassium dichromate, 92Cr2*%, is used in tanning leather, decorating porcelain and water proofing fa#rics. Calculate the num#er of chromium atoms in % . 2 g of 92Cr2*%. a. b. c. d. e. $.)$& 1&2! Cr atoms 2.2) 1&2) Cr atoms 1.12) 1&2) Cr atoms 3.22% 1&23 Cr atoms 1.,13 1&23 Cr atoms

1!. 5

Sulfur trio'ide can react with atmospheric water +apor to form sulfuric acid that falls as acid rain. Calculate the mass in grams of 3.,! 1&2& molecules of S*3. a. b. c. d. e. ,.&, 1&8) g 2.$1 1&82 g ). ! 1&82 g 2&., g 1,!& g

1,. 5

Calculate the mass in grams of .3! 1&22 molecules of C3r). a. #. c. d. e. &.&21% g &.13$ g %.21 g 12.% g ),.& g

1%. E

:he num#er of hydrogen atoms in &.&!& mol of C30 *3 is a. b. c. d. e. 3.& 1&22 0 atoms 1.2 1&23 0 atoms 2.) 1&23 0 atoms ). 1&23 0 atoms none of the a#o+e

1 . 5

Copper.;;1 sulfate pentahydrate, CuS*)4!02*, is used as a fungicide and algicide. Calculate the mass of o'ygen in 1.&&& mol of CuS*)4!02*. a. #. c. d. e. 2)$.% g 1)).& g $,.&& g &.&& g ,).&& g

32

1$. 5

<ead .;;1 nitrate is a poisonous su#stance which has #een used in the manufacture of special e'plosi+es and as a sensiti=er in photography. Calculate the mass of lead in 13$ g of (#./*312. a. #. c. d. e. 1&% g $&. g %.& g 3.) g ,2., g

2&. 5

0ousehold sugar, sucrose, has the molecular formula C12022*11. 6hat is the > of car#on in sucrose, #y mass7 a. #. c. d. e. 2,.% > 33.3 > )1.) > )2.1 > !2. >

21. 5

?adolinium o'ide, a colorless powder which a#sor#s car#on dio'ide from the air, contains ,.%, mass > ?d. @etermine its empirical formula. a. #. c. d. e. ?d2*3 ?d3*2 ?d3*) ?d)*3 ?d*

22. 5

0ydro'ylamine nitrate contains 2$.1% mass > /, ).2& mass > 0, and ,,.,3 mass > *. @etermine its empirical formula. a. #. c. d. e. 0/* 02/*2 0/,*1, 0/1,*% 02/*3

23. 0

0ydro'ylamine nitrate contains 2$.1% mass > /, ).2& mass > 0, and ,,.,3 mass *. ;f its molar mass is #etween $) and $ g"mol, what is its molecular formula7 a. #. c. d. e. /02*! /20)*) /303*3 /)0 *2 /202*)

2). 5

2 compound of #romine and fluorine is used to make AF,, which is an important chemical in processing and reprocessing of nuclear fuel. :he compound contains ! .3% mass percent #romine. @etermine its empirical formula. a. #. c. d. e. 3rF 3rF2 3r2F3 3r3F 3rF3

33

2!. 5

2 compound containing chromium and silicon contains %3.!2 mass percent chromium. @etermine its empirical formula. a. #. c. d. e. CrSi3 Cr2Si3 Cr3Si Cr3Si2 Cr2S

2,. 5

2lkanes are compounds of car#on and hydrogen with the general formula Cn02nB2. 2n alkane component of gasoline has a molar mass of #etween 12! and 13& g"mol. 6hat is the +alue of n for this alkane7 a. #. c. d. e. ) $ 1& 13 1)

2%. 0

:erephthalic acid, used in the production of polyester fi#ers and films, is composed of car#on, hydrogen, and o'ygen. 6hen &.,$)3 g of terephthalic acid was su#Cected to com#ustion analysis it produced 1.)%1 g C*2 and &.22, g 02*. 6hat is its empirical formula7 a. #. c. d. e. C203*) C30)*2 C)03*2 C!012*) C202*

2 . 0

:erephthalic acid, used in the production of polyester fi#ers and films, is composed of car#on, hydrogen, and o'ygen. 6hen &.,$)3 g of terephthalic acid was su#Cected to com#ustion analysis it produced 1.)%1 g C*2 and &.22, g 02*. ;f its molar mass is #etween 1! and 1,% g"mol, what is its molecular formula7 a. #. c. d. e. C)0,*% C,0 *! C%012*) C)03*2 C 0,*)

2$. 5

0ydro'ylamine hydrochloride is a powerful reducing agent which is used as a polymeri=ation catalyst. ;t contains !. & mass > 0, 2&.1, mass > /, 23.&2 mass > *, and !1.&2 mass > Cl. 6hat is its empirical formula7 a. #. c. d. e. 02/%* Cl1 02/2*2Cl 0/3*)Cl$ 0)/*Cl 0)/*Cl2

3&. 5

;n the com#ustion analysis of &.112% g of glucose .C,012*,1, what mass, in grams, of C*2 would #e produced7 a. #. c. d. e. &.&)!1 g &.& 2! g &.1,!2 g &.)132 g 1.),, g

34

31. E

3alance the following equationD 32*3.s1 a. b. c. d. e. B 0F.l1 B B B B B 3F3.g1 B 02*.l1 B 302*.l1 B 0,*3.l1 B 02*.l1 B 302*.l1 B ,02*.l1

32*3.s1 32*3.s1 32*3.s1 32*3.s1 32*3.s1

,0F.l1 0,F,.l1 20F.l1 30F.l1 ,0F.l1

23F3.g1 32F,.g1 23F3.g1 23F3.g1 23F3.g1

32. E

3alance the following equationD A*2.s1 B a. b. c. d. e. A*2.s1 A*2.s1 A*2 .s1 A*2.s1 A*2.s1 0F.l1 AF).s1 B 02*.l1 B B B B B 02*.l1 202*.l1 0)*2.l1 )02*.l1 )02*.l1

B 20F.l1 AF).s1 B )0F.l1 AF).s1 B 0)F).l1 AF) .s1 B )0F.l1 AF).s1 B 0F.l1 2AF).s1

33. E

3alance the following equation for the com#ustion of #en=eneD C,0,.l1 a. b. c. d. e. B *2.g1 02*.g1 B C*2.g1

C,0,.l1 C,0,.l1 2C,0,.l1 C,0,.l1 2C,0,.l1

B $*2.g1 302*.g1 B ,C*2.g1 B $*2.g1 ,02*.g1 B ,C*2.g1 B 1!*2.g1 ,02*.g1 B 12C*2.g1 B 1!*2.g1 302*.g1 B ,C*2.g1 B $*2.g1 ,02*.g1 B 12C*2.g1

3). 5

3alance the following equationD C 01 *3.l1 B a. b. c. d. e. *2.g1 02*.g1 B C*2.g1

C 01 *3.l1 B *2.g1 $02*.g1 B C*2.g1 C 01 *3.l1 B 11*2.g1 $02*.g1 B C*2.g1 2C 01 *3.l1 B 22*2.g1 $02*.g1 B 1,C*2.g1 C 01 *3.l1 B 13*2.g1 1 02*.g1 B C*2.g1 2C 01 *3.l1 B 1%*2.g1 1 02*.g1 B 1,C*2.g1

3!. 5

3alance the following equationD Ca3.(*)12.s1 B a. b. c. d. e. Si*2.s1 B C.s1 CaSi*3.s1 B C*.g1 B ().s1 C*.g1 B 1)C*.g1 C*.g1 B 1&C*.g1 1&C*.g1 ().s1 B ().s1 2().s1 B ().s1 B )().s1

Ca3.(*)12.s1 B 3Si*2.s1 B C.s1 3CaSi*3.s1 B Ca3.(*)12.s1 B 3Si*2.s1 B 1)C.s1 3CaSi*3.s1 B Ca3.(*)12.s1 B 3Si*2.s1 B C.s1 3CaSi*3.s1 B 2Ca3.(*)12.s1 B ,Si*2.s1 B 1&C.s1 ,CaSi*3.s1 B 2Ca3.(*)12.s1 B ,Si*2.s1 B 1&C.s1 ,CaSi*3.s1 B

35

36. E

Sulfur dioxide reacts with chlorine to produce thionyl chloride (used as a drying agent for inorganic halides1 and dichlorine o'ide .used as a #leach for wood, pulp and te'tiles1. S*2.g1 B 2Cl2.g1 S*Cl2.g1 B Cl2*.g1

;f &.)&& mol of Cl2 reacts with e'cess S*2, how many moles of Cl2* are formed7 a. #. c. d. e. 3%. E &. && mol &.)&& mol &.2&& mol &.1&& mol &.&!&& mol

2luminum will react with #romine to form aluminum #romide .used as an acid catalyst in organic synthesis1. 2l.s1 B 3r2.l1 2l23r,.s1 Eun#alancedF

0ow many moles of 2l are needed to form 2.)3 mol of 2l23r,7 a. #. c. d. e. 3 . E %.2$ mol ). , mol 2.)3 mol 1.,2 mol 1.22 mol

2mmonia will react with fluorine to produce dinitrogen tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride .used in production of aluminum, in uranium processing, and in frosting of light #ul#s1. 2/03.g1 B !F2.g1 /2F).g1 B ,0F.g1

0ow many moles of /03 are needed to react completely with 13., mol of F27 a. #. c. d. e. 3$. 5 3).& mol 2%.2 mol ,. & mol !.)) mol 2.2% mol

2mmonia, an important source of fi'ed nitrogen that can #e meta#oli=ed #y plants, is produced using the 0a#er process in which nitrogen and hydrogen com#ine. /2.g1 B 302.g1 2/03.g1

0ow many grams of nitrogen are needed to produce 32! grams of ammonia7 a. #. c. d. e. 1&%& g !3! g 2,% g 1% g 1& g

36

)&. 5

0ow many grams of sodium fluoride .used in water fluoridation and manufacture of insecticides1 are needed to form ) ! g of sulfur tetrafluoride7 3SCl2.l1 a. #. c. d. e. B )/aF.s1 SF).g1 B S2Cl2.l1 B )/aCl.s1

1$)& g 1!1& g %!) g 2&! g !1.3 g

)1. 5

0ow many grams of o'ygen are needed to react completely with 2&&.& g of ammonia, /037 )/03.g1 B a. #. c. d. e. ),$.% g 3&&., g 2!&.& g 3.)&, g 2.1 & g !*2.g1 )/*.g1 B ,02*.g1

)2. 5

(hosphine, an e'tremely poisonous and highly reacti+e gas, will react with o'ygen to form tetraphosphorus decao'ide and water. (03.g1 B *2.g1 ()*1&.s1 B 02*.g1 Eun#alancedF

Calculate the mass of ()*1&.s1 formed when 22! g of (03 reacts with e'cess o'ygen. a. #. c. d. e. )3. 5 1 &g $)&. g 900. g 470 g !,.3 g

(otassium chlorate .used in fireworks, flares and safety matches1 forms o'ygen and potassium chloride when heated. 9Cl*3.s1 9Cl.s1 B *2.g1 Eun#alancedF

0ow many grams of o'ygen are formed when 2,.) g of potassium chlorate is heated7 a. #. c. d. e. )). 5 223 g $$.1 g 1&.3 g 6.86 g 4.60 g

2luminum metal reacts with chlorine gas to form solid aluminum trichloride, 2lCl 3. 6hat mass of chlorine gas is needed to react completely with 1,3 g of aluminum7 a. #. c. d. e. 21) g 2)! g 321 g ) $g ,)3 g

37

)!. 0

<ead.;;1 sulfide was once used in gla=ing earthenware. ;t will also react with hydrogen pero'ide to form lead.;;1 sulfate and water. 0ow many grams of hydrogen pero'ide are needed to react completely with 2,! g of lead.;;1 sulfide7 a. #. c. d. e. 1!1 g 123 g 50.3 g 37.7 g $.)1 g

),. 5

2n important reaction sequence in the industrial production of nitric acid is the followingD /2.g1 B 302.g1 2/03.g1 )/03.g1 B !*2.g1 )/*.g1 B ,02*.l1 Starting from 2&.& mol of nitrogen gas in the first reaction, how many moles of o'ygen gas are required in the second one7 a. #. c. d. e. 12.! mol *2 2&.& mol *2 2!.& mol *2 !&.& mol *2 1&&. mol *2

)%. E

;n a #last furnace, elemental iron is produced from a mi'ture of coke .C1, iron ore .Fe 3*)1 and other reactants. 2n important reaction sequence is 2C.s1 B *2.g1 2C*.g1 Fe3*).s1 B )C*.g1 3Fe.l1 B )C*2.g1 0ow many moles of iron can #e formed in this sequence when 1.&& mol of car#on, as coke, is consumed7 a. #. c. d. e. ,.&& mol Fe 3.&& mol Fe 1.33 mol Fe 1.2! mol Fe &.%!& mol Fe

) . 0

2luminum o'ide .used as an adsor#ent or a catalyst for organic reactions1 forms when aluminum reacts with o'ygen. )2l.s1 B 3*2.g1 22l2*3.s1

2 mi'ture of 2.)$ g of aluminum .M G 2,.$ g"mol1 and 11%.,! g of o'ygen .M G 32.&& g"mol1 is allowed to react. 6hat mass of aluminum o'ide .M G 1&1.$, g"mol1 can #e formed7 a. b. c. d. e. 1!!. g 200.2 g 249.9 g 311.7 g 3%).$ g

38

)$. 0

2luminum reacts with o'ygen to produce aluminum o'ide which can #e used as an adsor#ent, desiccant or catalyst for organic reactions. )2l.s1 B 3*2.g1 22l2*3.s1

2 mi'ture of 2.)$ g of aluminum . M G 2,.$ g"mol1 and 11%.,! g of o'ygen . M G 32.&& g"mol1 is allowed to react. ;dentify the limiting reactant and determine the mass of the e'cess reactant present in the +essel when the reaction is complete. a. #. c. d. e. !&. 0 *'ygen is the limiting reactantH 1$. 1 g of aluminum remain. *'ygen is the limiting reactantH 3!.1, g of aluminum remain. 2luminum is the limiting reactantH 1,.%& g of o'ygen remain. 2luminum is the limiting reactantH 3!.1, g of o'ygen remain. 2luminum is the limiting reactantH )).2) g of o'ygen remain.

5agnesium reacts with iron.;;;1 chloride to form magnesium chloride .which can #e used in fireproofing wood and in disinfectants1 and iron. 35g.s1 B 2FeCl3.s1 35gCl2.s1 B 2Fe.s1

2 mi'ture of )1.& g of magnesium . M G 2).31 g"mol1 and 1%! g of iron.;;;1 chloride . M G 1,2.2 g"mol1 is allowed to react. 6hat mass of magnesium chloride G $!.21 g"mol1 is formed7 a. #. c. d. e. !1. 0 , .! g 5gCl2 %%.& g 5gCl2 %1.) g 5gCl2 1&% g 5gCl2 1!) g 5gCl2

5agnesium .used in the manufacture of light alloys1 reacts with iron.;;;1 chloride to form magnesium chloride and iron. 35g.s1 B 2FeCl3.s1 35gCl2.s1 B 2Fe.s1

2 mi'ture of )1.& g of magnesium . M G 2).31 g"mol1 and 1%! g of iron.;;;1 chloride . M G 1,2.2 g"mol1 is allowed to react. ;dentify the limiting reactant and determine the mass of the e'cess reactant present in the +essel when the reaction is complete. a. #. c. d. e. !2. 0 <imiting reactant is 5gH ,% g of FeCl3 remain. <imiting reactant is 5gH 13) g of FeCl3 remain. <imiting reactant is 5gH 1&) g of FeCl3 remain. <imiting reactant is FeCl3H 2 g of 5g remain. <imiting reactant is FeCl3H % g of 5g remain.

(otassium chloride is used as a su#stitute for sodium chloride for indi+iduals with high #lood pressure. ;dentify the limiting reactant and determine the mass of the e'cess reactant remaining when %.&& g of chlorine gas reacts with !.&& g of potassium to form potassium chloride. a. #. c. d. e. (otassium is the limiting reactantH 2.)% g of chlorine remain. (otassium is the limiting reactantH %.23 g of chlorine remain. Chlorine is the limiting reactantH ).,) g of potassium remain. Chlorine is the limiting reactantH 2.%& g of potassium remain. /o limiting reagentD the reactants are present in the correct stoichiometric ratio.

39

!3. 5

:etraphosphorus he'ao'ide .M G 21$.$ g"mol1 is formed #y the reaction of phosphorus with o'ygen gas. ().s1 B 3*2.g1 ()*,.s1

;f a mi'ture of %!.3 g of phosphorus and 3 .% g of o'ygen produce )3.3 g of ( )*,, what is the percent yield for the reaction7 a. #. c. d. e. !). 5 !%.!> ) . > 3 .&> 32.)> 1,.3>

6hat is the percent yield for the reaction (Cl3.g1 B Cl2.g1 (Cl!.g1

if 11$.3 g of (Cl! .M G 2& .2 g"mol1 are formed when ,1.3 g of Cl2 .M G %&.$1 g"mol1 react with e'cess (Cl37 a. b. c. d. e. !!. 5 1$!> 85.0% 66.3% 51.4% 43.7%

5ethanol .C0)*1 is con+erted to #romomethane .C033r1 as followsD C0)* B 03r C033r B 02*

;f 12.23 g of #romomethane are produced when !.&& g of methanol is reacted with e'cess 03r, what is the percentage yield7 a. #. c. d. e. !,. 5 )&.$> 2.,> 1&&.> 121> 2)!>

2 &.1!& M sodium chloride solution is referred to as a physiological saline solution #ecause it has the same concentration of salts as normal human #lood. Calculate the mass of solute needed to prepare 2%!.& m< of a physiological saline solution. a. #. c. d. e. )1.3 g 31.$ g 1,.1 g .%% g 2.)1 g

!%. 5

Sodium chlorate is used as an o'idi=er in the manufacture of dyes, e'plosi+es and matches. Calculate the mass of solute needed to prepare 1.!%! < of &.&&2!& M /aCl*3 .M G 1&,.)! g"mol1. a. #. c. d. )1$ g 1,$ g &.)1$ g &.1,$ g

40

e. ! . E

&.&&3$) g

<ithium hydro'ide is used in alkaline #atteries. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared #y dissol+ing 1.)$! moles of <i*0 in enough water to gi+e a final +olume of %!&. m<. a. #. c. d. e. 1.$$ M 1.!& M 1.12 M &.!&2 M &.&&1$$ M

!$. E

0ydrochloric acid is widely used as a la#oratory reagent, in refining ore for the production of tin and tantalum, and as a catalyst in organic reactions. Calculate the num#er of moles of 0Cl in ,2. ! m< of &.)!3 M hydrochloric acid. a. #. c. d. e. 2 .! mol 1.&) mol &.13$ mol &.&2 ! mol &.&&%21 mol

,&. E

Sodium hydro'ide, also known as caustic soda, is used to neutrali=e acids and to treat cellulose in making of cellophane. Calculate the num#er of moles of solute in 1. %! < of 1.3!, M /a*0 solution. a. #. c. d. e. 2.!)3 mol 1.3 3 mol &.%232 mol &.3$32 mol &.&&13 3 mol

,1. 5

Calculate the molarity of a 23.!!Im< solution which contains 2 .2) mg of sodium sulfate .used in dyeing and printing te'tiles, M G 13$.&) g"mol1. a. #. c. d. e. .,2! M 1.1$$ M &. 33$ M &.2&31 M &.&& ,2! M

,2. E

6hen 2.,1 g of solid /a2C*3 is dissol+ed in sufficient water to make 2!&. m< of solution, the concentration of /a2C*3 isD a. #. c. d. e. &.&2), M 1&.) M &.2&! M &.&$ ! M &.1)1 M

,3. 5

Calcium chloride is used to melt ice and snow on roads and sidewalks and to remo+e water from organic liquids. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared #y diluting 1,! m< of &., M calcium chloride to $2!.& m<. a. #. c. d. e. 3. , M &.%)3 M &.222 M &.123 M &.11) M

41

,). 5

6hat will #e the final +olume of a solution prepared #y diluting 2! m< of .2! M sodium hydro'ide to a concentration of 2.)& M? a. #. c. d. e. 33& m< 21& m< , m< ,& m< %.3 m<

,!. E

6hat +olume, in <, of 1&.& M 0Cl is needed to make 2.&& < of 2.&& M 0Cl solution #y dilution with water7 a. #. c. d. e. &. && < &.)&& < &.2&& < &.1&& < none of the a#o+e

,,. E

0ow many m< of concentrated nitric acid .0/*3, 1,.& M1 should #e diluted with water in order to make 2.&& < of 2.&& M solution7 a. #. c. d. e. 32.& m< ,2.! m< 12! m< 2!&. m< !&&. m<

,%. 5

0ow many milliliters of 1.! M 0Cl are needed to react completely with 23.2 g of /a0C*3 .M G ).&2 g"mol17 0Cl.aq1 B a. #. c. d. e. ,3 m< !%2 m< !3, m< 2%, m< 1%! m< /a0C*3.s1 /aCl.s1 B 02*.l1 B C*2.g1

, . 0

Copper.;;1 sulfide, CuS, is used in the de+elopment of aniline #lack dye in te'tile printing. 6hat is the ma'imum mass of CuS which can #e formed when 3 .& m< of &.!&& M CuCl2 are mi'ed with )2.& m< of &.,&& M ./0)12S7 2queous ammonium chloride is the other product. a. #. c. d. e. 2.)1 g 1. 2 g 1.21 g &.$&$ g &.&)) g

42

Short Answer Questions ,$. 5 (ropane, C30 , is commonly pro+ided as a #ottled gas for use as a fuel. ;n &.2&& mol of propane a. #. c. d. %&. 5 what is the mass of propane7 what mass of car#on is present7 how many molecules of C30 are present7 how many hydrogen atoms are present7

For a sample consisting of 2.!& g of methane, C0), calculate a. #. the num#er of moles of methane present. the total num#er of atoms present.

%1. E

;n &.2& mole of phosphoric acid, 03(*) a. #. c. how many 0 atoms are there7 what is the total num#er of atoms7 how many moles of * atoms are there7

%2. 0 %3. E %). 5

2 compound consisting of C, 0 and * only, has a molar mass of 331.! g"mol. Com#ustion of &.1&&& g of this compound caused a &.2$21 g increase in the mass of the C*2 a#sor#er and a &.&$!1 g increase in the mass of the 02* a#sor#er. 6hat is the empirical formula of the compound7 2nalysis of a white solid produced in a reaction #etween chlorine and phosphorus showed that it contained %%.))> chlorine and 22.!,> phosphorus. 6hat is its empirical formula7 3alance the following equation for the com#ustion of #utane, a hydrocar#on used in gas lightersD C)01&.g1 B *2.g1 C*2.g1 B 02*.l1

%!. E

3alance the equation 32*3.s1 B /a*0.aq1 /a33*3.aq1 B 02*.l1

%,. 5

3alance the following equation for partial o'idation of ammonia, an important reaction in the production of nitric acidD /03.g1 B *2.g1 /*.g1 B 02*.l1

%%. 5 % . 5

?aseous methanol .C0)*1 reacts with o'ygen gas to produce car#on dio'ide gas and liquid water. 6rite a #alanced equation for this process. Consider the #alanced equation for the com#ustion of propane, C30 C30 .g1 B !*2.g1 3C*2.g1 B )02*.l1

;f propane reacts with o'ygen as a#o+e a. what is the limiting reagent in a mi'ture containing !.&& g of C30 and 1&.& g of *27 #. what mass of C*2 is formed when 1.&& g of C30 reacts completely7 %$. 5 2mmonia, /03 , is produced industrially from nitrogen and hydrogen as followsD /2.g1 B 302.g1 2/03.g1

6hat mass, of which starting material, will remain when 3&.& g of /2 and 1&.& g of 02 react until the limiting reagent is completely consumed7

43

44

&. 5

Consider the #alanced equationD 2l2S3.s1 B ,02*.l1 22l.*013.s1 B 302S.g1

;f 1!.&g of aluminum sulfide and 1&.&g of water are allowed to react as a#o+e, and assuming a complete reaction a. #. c. 1. 0 #y calculation, find out which is the limiting reagent. calculate the ma'imum mass of 02S which can #e formed from these reagents. calculate the mass of e'cess reagent remaining after the reaction is complete.

:he insecticide @@: was formerly in widespread use, #ut now it is se+erely restricted owing to its ad+erse en+ironmental effects. ;t is prepared as followsD C20Cl3* chloral B 2C,0!Cl chlorobenzene C1)0$Cl! DDT B 02*

;f 1&.&& g of chloral were reacted with 1&.&& g of chloro#en=ene a. #. c. 2. E 3. E ). 5 what is the ma'imum amount .mol1 of @@: which could #e formed7 what is the limiting reagent7 what is the > yield, if 12.1! g of @@: is produced7

Jou are pro+ided with a 2!& m< +olumetric flask, deioni=ed water and solid /a*0. 0ow much /a*0 should #e weighed out in order to make 2!&. m< of &.1&& M solution7 2 solution of methanol .C0)*1 in water has a concentration of &.2&& M. 6hat mass of methanol, in grams, is present in &.1!& liters of this solution7 a. #. 2 solution of common salt, /aCl, in water has a concentration of &.&$21 M. Calculate the num#er of moles of 0Cl contained in !&.& m< of this solution. ;f, instead, an /aCl solution is prepared #y dissol+ing 1&.& g of solid /aCl in enough water to make 2!&. m< of solution, what is the molarity7

!. 5

2luminum metal dissol+ed in hydrochloric acid as follows 22l.s1 a. #. B ,0Cl.aq1 22lCl3.aq1 B 302.g1

6hat is the minimum +olume of ,.& M 0Cl.aq1 needed to completely dissol+e 3.2& g of aluminum in this reaction7 6hat mass of 2lCl3 would #e produced #y complete reaction of 3.2& g of aluminum7

45

True/False Questions ,. E %. E . E $. E $&. 5 $1. 5 $2. 5 $3. E $). E $!. E ;n com#ustion analysis, the car#on and hydrogen contents of a su#stance are determined from the C*2 and 02*, respecti+ely, which are collected in the a#sor#ers. ;n com#ustion analysis, the o'ygen content of a su#stance is equal to the total o'ygen in the C*2 and 02* collected in the a#sor#ers. Structural isomers ha+e the same empirical formula #ut different molecular formulas. Structural isomers ha+e the same molecular formula #ut different structural formulas. ;n a correctly #alanced equation, the num#er of reactant molecules must equal the num#er of product molecules. :he correct method for preparing one liter of a 1.& M solution of K is to dissol+e e'actly one mole of K in e'actly one liter of water. 6hen a solution is diluted with water, the ratio of the initial to final +olumes of solution is equal to the ratio of final to initial molarities. *ne mole of *2 has a mass of 1,.& g. *ne mole of methane .C0)1 contains a total of 3 1&2) atoms. :he formula C03*&.! is an e'ample of an empirical formula.

46

StoichiometryD 5oleI5assI/um#er -elationships in Chemical Systems Chapter 3 2nswer 9ey

1. 2. 3. ). !. ,. %. . $. 1&. 11. 12. 13. 1). 1!. 1,. 1%. 1 . 1$. 2&. 21. 22. 23. ,$. c # c # # # e a # d e d # d c e c # c d a # # a. #. c. d. a. #. a. #. c. . 2g %.21 g 1.2& 1&23 C30 molecules $.,) 1&23 0 atoms &.1!, mol C0) ).,$ 1&23 atoms 3.,1 1&23 0 atoms $.,) 1&23 atoms ). 2 1&23 * atoms 2). 2!. 2,. 2%. 2 . 2$. 3&. 31. 32. 33. 3). 3!. 3,. 3%. 3 . 3$. )&. )1. )2. )3. )). )!. ),. e d # c e d c a # c # d c # d c c a d c e a d )%. ) . )$. !&. !1. !2. !3. !). !!. !,. !%. ! . !$. ,&. ,1. ,2. ,3. ,). ,!. ,,. ,%. , . e a e e d a # c # e c a d a e d d c # d e #

%&.

%1.

%2. %3. %). %!. %,. %%. % .

C2203!*2 (Cl3 2C)01&.g1 32*3.s1 B 13*2.g1 B ,/a*0.aq1 !*2.g1 C*2.g1 B 1&02*.l1 302*.l1

2/a33*3.aq1 B B ,02*.l1

)/03.g1 B 2C0)*.g1 a.

)/*.g1

B 3*2.g1

2C*2.g1

B )02*.l1

*'ygen is the limiting reagent.

47

#. %$. &.

2.$$ g C*2

3.!2 g of hydrogen gas remains. a. #. c. a. #. c. 6ater is the limiting reagent. $.!& g of 02S 1.11 g 2l2S3 remains. &.&))) mol @@: Chloro#en=ene is the limiting reagent. %%.2>

1.

2. 3. ). !. ,. %. . $. $&. $1. $2. $3. $). $!.

1.&&& g &.$,1 g a. #. a. #. F : F : F F : F F : &.&&),1 g &., ) M !$.3 m< 1!. g

48