Chapter 3 Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations

Student: ______________________________________________________________________

1. Calcium fluoride, CaF2, is a source of fluorine and is used to fluoridate drinking water.
Calculate its molar mass.
A. 118.15 g/mol
B. 99.15 g/mol
C. 78.07 g/mol
D. 59.08 g/mol
E. 50.01 g/mol

2. Calculate the molar mass of tetraphosphorus decaoxide, P4O10, a corrosive substance which
can be used as a drying agent.
A. 469.73 g/mol
B. 283.89 g/mol
C. 190.97 g/mol
D. 139.88 g/mol
E. 94.97 g/mol

3. Calculate the molar mass of rubidium carbonate, Rb2CO3.

A. 340.43 g/mol
B. 255.00 g/mol
C. 230.94 g/mol
D. 145.47 g/mol
E. 113.48 g/mol

4. Calculate the molar mass of (NH4)3AsO4.

A. 417.80 g/mol
B. 193.03 g/mol
C. 165.02 g/mol
D. 156.96 g/mol
E. 108.96 g/mol

5. Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, is used in tanning leather, purifying water, and manufacture
of antiperspirants. Calculate its molar mass.
A. 450.06 g/mol
B. 342.15 g/mol
C. 315.15 g/mol
D. 278.02 g/mol
E. 74.98 g/mol
6. Calculate the molar mass of Ca(BO2)2·6H2O.
A. 273.87 g/mol
B. 233.79 g/mol
C. 183.79 g/mol
D. 174.89 g/mol
E. 143.71 g/mol

7. Magnesium fluoride is used in the ceramics and glass industry. What is the mass of 1.72
mol of magnesium fluoride?
A. 43.3 g
B. 62.3 g
C. 74.5 g
D. 92.9 g
E. 107 g

8. Sodium bromate is used in a mixture which dissolves gold from its ores. Calculate the mass
in grams of 4.68 mol of sodium bromate.
A. 706 g
B. 482 g
C. 383 g
D. 32.2 g
E. 0.0310 g

9. What is the mass in grams of 0.250 mol of the common antacid calcium carbonate?
A. 4.00 × 102 g
B. 25.0 g
C. 17.0 g
D. 4.00 × 10¯2 g
E. 2.50 × 10¯3 g

10. Calculate the number of moles in 17.8 g of the antacid magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2.
A. 3.28 mol
B. 2.32 mol
C. 0.431 mol
D. 0.305 mol
E. 0.200 mol

11. Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5, a white solid that has a pungent, unpleasant odor, is used
as a catalyst for certain organic reactions. Calculate the number of moles in 38.7 g of PCl5.
A. 5.38 mol
B. 3.55 mol
C. 0.583 mol
D. 0.282 mol
E. 0.186 mol
12. Aluminum oxide, Al2O3, is used as a filler for paints and varnishes as well as in the
manufacture of electrical insulators. Calculate the number of moles in 47.51 g of Al2O3.
A. 2.377 mol
B. 2.146 mol
C. 1.105 mol
D. 0.4660 mol
E. 0.4207 mol

13. Which of the following samples has the most moles of the compound?
A. 50.0 g of Li2O
B. 75.0 g of CaO
C. 200.0 g of Fe2O3
D. 50.0 g of CO2
E. 100.0 g of SO3

14. Calculate the number of oxygen atoms in 29.34 g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4.
A. 1.244 × 1023 O atoms
B. 4.976 × 1023 O atoms
C. 2.409 × 1024 O atoms
D. 2.915 × 1024 O atoms
E. 1.166 × 1025 O atoms

15. A normal breath takes in about 1.0 L of air. Assuming that air has an average molar mass of
28.8 g, and that its density is 0.97 g/L, how many molecules of air do you take in with each
breath?
A. 2.0 × 1022
B. 2.2 × 1022
C. 5.8 × 1023
D. 1.7 × 1025
E. 1.8 × 1025

16. Which of the following samples contains the greatest total number atoms?
A. 50.0 g of Li2O
B. 75.0 g of CaO
C. 200.0 g of Fe2O3
D. 50.0 g of CO2
E. 100.0 g of SO3

17. A single atom of hydrogen has a mass of 1.0 amu, while a mole of hydrogen atoms has a
mass of 1.0 g. Select the correct conversion factor between atomic mass units and grams.
A. 1 amu = 1 g exactly
B. 1 amu = 6.0 × 1023 g
C. 1 g = 6.0 × 1023 amu
D. 1 g = 1.7 × 10¯24 amu
E. None of these choices is correct.
18. How many atoms are in a drop of mercury that has a diameter of 1.0 mm? (Volume of a
sphere is 4πr3/3; density of mercury = 13.6 g/cm3)
A. 2.1 × 1019
B. 1.7 × 1020
C. 2.1 × 1022
D. 1.7 × 1023
E. None of these choices is correct.

19. Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, is used in tanning leather, decorating porcelain and water
proofing fabrics. Calculate the number of chromium atoms in 78.82 g of K2Cr2O7.
A. 9.490 × 1025 Cr atoms
B. 2.248 × 1024 Cr atoms
C. 1.124 × 1024 Cr atoms
D. 3.227 × 1023 Cr atoms
E. 1.613 × 1023 Cr atoms

20. Sulfur trioxide can react with atmospheric water vapor to form sulfuric acid that falls as
acid rain. Calculate the mass in grams of 3.65 × 1020 molecules of SO3.
A. 6.06 × 10¯4 g
B. 2.91 × 10¯2 g
C. 4.85 × 10¯2 g
D. 20.6 g
E. 1650 g

21. Calculate the mass in grams of 8.35 × 1022 molecules of CBr4.

A. 0.0217 g
B. 0.139 g
C. 7.21 g
D. 12.7 g
E. 46.0 g

22. The number of hydrogen atoms in 0.050 mol of C3H8O3 is

A. 3.0 × 1022 H atoms
B. 1.2 × 1023 H atoms
C. 2.4 × 1023 H atoms
D. 4.8 × 1023 H atoms
E. None of these choices is correct.

23. How many protons are there in a molecule of adrenaline (C9H13NO3), a neurotransmitter
and hormone?
A. 22
B. 26
C. 43
D. 98
E. 183
24. Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO4·5H2O, is used as a fungicide and algicide. Calculate
the mass of oxygen in 1.000 mol of CuSO4·5H2O.
A. 249.7 g
B. 144.0 g
C. 96.00 g
D. 80.00 g
E. 64.00 g

25. Lead (II) nitrate is a poisonous substance which has been used in the manufacture of special
explosives and as a sensitizer in photography. Calculate the mass of lead in 139 g of
Pb(NO3)2.
A. 107 g
B. 90.8 g
C. 87.0 g
D. 83.4 g
E. 62.6 g

26. Household sugar, sucrose, has the molecular formula C12H22O11. What is the % of carbon in
sucrose, by mass?
A. 26.7%
B. 33.3%
C. 41.4%
D. 42.1%
E. 52.8%

27. Determine the percent composition of potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7.

A. 17.5% K, 46.6% Cr, 35.9% O
B. 29.8% K, 39.7% Cr, 30.5% O
C. 36.5% K, 48.6% Cr, 14.9% O
D. 37.2% K, 24.7% Cr, 38.1% O
E. None of these choices is correct.

28. Gadolinium oxide, a colorless powder which absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, contains
86.76 mass % Gd. Determine its empirical formula.
A. Gd2O3
B. Gd3O2
C. Gd3O4
D. Gd4O3
E. GdO

29. Hydroxylamine nitrate contains 29.17 mass % N, 4.20 mass % H, and 66.63 mass % O.
Determine its empirical formula.
A. HNO
B. H2NO2
C. HN6O16
D. HN16O7
E. H2NO3
30. Hydroxylamine nitrate contains 29.17 mass % N, 4.20 mass % H, and 66.63 mass O. If its
molar mass is between 94 and 98 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
A. NH2O5
B. N2H4O4
C. N3H3O3
D. N4H8O2
E. N2H2O4

31. Analysis of a carbohydrate showed that it consisted of 40.0 % C, 6.71 % H and 53.3 % O
by mass. Its molecular mass was found to be between 140 and 160 amu. What is the
molecular formula of this compound?
A. C4H8O6
B. C5H10O5
C. C5H12O5
D. C6H12O4
E. None of these choices is correct.

32. A compound of bromine and fluorine is used to make UF6, which is an important chemical
in processing and reprocessing of nuclear fuel. The compound contains 58.37 mass percent
bromine. Determine its empirical formula.
A. BrF
B. BrF2
C. Br2F3
D. Br3F
E. BrF3

33. A compound containing chromium and silicon contains 73.52 mass percent chromium.
Determine its empirical formula.
A. CrSi3
B. Cr2Si3
C. Cr3Si
D. Cr3Si2
E. Cr2S

34. Alkanes are compounds of carbon and hydrogen with the general formula CnH2n+2. An
alkane component of gasoline has a molar mass of between 125 and 130 g/mol. What is the
value of n for this alkane?
A. 4
B. 9
C. 10
D. 13
E. 14
35. Terephthalic acid, used in the production of polyester fibers and films, is composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When 0.6943 g of terephthalic acid was subjected to
combustion analysis it produced 1.471 g CO2 and 0.226 g H2O. What is its empirical
formula?
A. C2H3O4
B. C3H4O2
C. C4H3O2
D. C5H12O4
E. C2H2O

36. Terephthalic acid, used in the production of polyester fibers and films, is composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When 0.6943 g of terephthalic acid was subjected to
combustion analysis it produced 1.471 g CO2 and 0.226 g H2O. If its molar mass is between
158 and 167 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
A. C4H6O7
B. C6H8O5
C. C7H12O4
D. C4H3O2
E. C8H6O4

37. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is a powerful reducing agent which is used as a

polymerization catalyst. It contains 5.80 mass % H, 20.16 mass % N, 23.02 mass % O, and
51.02 mass % Cl. What is its empirical formula?
A. H2N7O8Cl18
B. H2N2O2Cl
C. HN3O4Cl9
D. H4NOCl
E. H4NOCl2

38. In the combustion analysis of 0.1127 g of glucose (C6H12O6), what mass, in grams, of CO2
would be produced?
A. 0.0451 g
B. 0.0825 g
C. 0.1652 g
D. 0.4132 g
E. 1.466 g

39. Balance the following equation:

B2O3(s) + HF(l) → BF3(g) + H2O(l)
A. B2O3(s) + 6HF(l) → 2BF3(g) + 3H2O(l)
B. B2O3(s) + H6F6(l) → B2F6(g) + H6O3(l)
C. B2O3(s) + 2HF(l) → 2BF3(g) + H2O(l)
D. B2O3(s) + 3HF(l) → 2BF3(g) + 3H2O(l)
E. B2O3(s) + 6HF(l) → 2BF3(g) + 6H2O(l)
40. Balance the following equation:
UO2(s) + HF(l) → UF4(s) + H2O(l)
A. UO2(s) + 2HF(l) → UF4(s) + H2O(l)
B. UO2(s) + 4HF(l) → UF4(s) + 2H2O(l)
C. UO2 (s) + H4F4(l) → UF4 (s) + H4O2(l)
D. UO2(s) + 4HF(l) → UF4(s) + 4H2O(l)
E. UO2(s) + 8HF(l) → 2UF4(s) + 4H2O(l)

41. Balance the following equation for the combustion of benzene:

C6H6(l) + O2(g) → H2O(g) + CO2(g)
A. C6H6(l) + 9O2(g) → 3H2O(g) + 6CO2(g)
B. C6H6(l) + 9O2(g) → 6H2O(g) + 6CO2(g)
C. 2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 6H2O(g) + 12CO2(g)
D. C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 3H2O(g) + 6CO2(g)
E. 2C6H6(l) + 9O2(g) → 6H2O(g) + 12CO2(g)

42. Balance the following equation:

C8H18O3(l) + O2(g) → H2O(g) + CO2(g)
A. C8H18O3(l) + 8O2(g) → 9H2O(g) + 8CO2(g)
B. C8H18O3(l) + 11O2(g) → 9H2O(g) + 8CO2(g)
C. 2C8H18O3(l) + 22O2(g) → 9H2O(g) + 16CO2(g)
D. C8H18O3(l) + 13O2(g) → 18H2O(g) + 8CO2(g)
E. 2C8H18O3(l) + 17O2(g) → 18H2O(g) + 16CO2(g)

43. Balance the following equation:

Ca3(PO4)2(s) + SiO2(s) + C(s) → CaSiO3(s) + CO(g) + P4(s)
A. Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 3SiO2(s) + 8C(s) → 3CaSiO3(s) + 8CO(g) + P4(s)
B. Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 3SiO2(s) + 14C(s) → 3CaSiO3(s) + 14CO(g) + P4(s)
C. Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 3SiO2(s) + 8C(s) → 3CaSiO3(s) + 8CO(g) + 2P4(s)
D. 2Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6SiO2(s) + 10C(s) → 6CaSiO3(s) + 10CO(g) + P4(s)
E. 2Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6SiO2(s) + 10C(s) → 6CaSiO3(s) + 10CO(g) + 4P4(s)

44. How many molecules of molecular oxygen react with four molecules of NH3 to form four
molecules of nitrogen monoxide and six molecules of water?
A. 2
B. 10
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
45. Sulfur dioxide reacts with chlorine to produce thionyl chloride (used as a drying agent for
inorganic halides) and dichlorine oxide (used as a bleach for wood, pulp and textiles).
SO2(g) + 2Cl2(g) → SOCl2(g) + Cl2O(g)
If 0.400 mol of Cl2 reacts with excess SO2, how many moles of Cl2O are formed?
A. 0.800 mol
B. 0.400 mol
C. 0.200 mol
D. 0.100 mol
E. 0.0500 mol

46. Aluminum will react with bromine to form aluminum bromide (used as an acid catalyst in
organic synthesis).
Al(s) + Br2(l) → Al2Br6(s) [unbalanced]
How many moles of Al are needed to form 2.43 mol of Al2Br6?
A. 7.29 mol
B. 4.86 mol
C. 2.43 mol
D. 1.62 mol
E. 1.22 mol

47. Ammonia will react with fluorine to produce dinitrogen tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride
(used in production of aluminum, in uranium processing, and in frosting of light bulbs).
2NH3(g) + 5F2(g) → N2F4(g) + 6HF(g)
How many moles of NH3 are needed to react completely with 13.6 mol of F2?
A. 34.0 mol
B. 27.2 mol
C. 6.80 mol
D. 5.44 mol
E. 2.27 mol

48. Ammonia, an important source of fixed nitrogen that can be metabolized by plants, is
produced using the Haber process in which nitrogen and hydrogen combine.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
How many grams of nitrogen are needed to produce 325 grams of ammonia?
A. 1070 g
B. 535 g
C. 267 g
D. 178 g
E. 108 g
49. How many grams of sodium fluoride (used in water fluoridation and manufacture of
insecticides) are needed to form 485 g of sulfur tetrafluoride?
3SCl2(l) + 4NaF(s) → SF4(g) + S2Cl2(l) + 4NaCl(s)
A. 1940 g
B. 1510 g
C. 754 g
D. 205 g
E. 51.3 g

50. How many grams of oxygen are needed to react completely with 200.0 g of ammonia,
NH3?
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
A. 469.7 g
B. 300.6 g
C. 250.0 g
D. 3.406 g
E. 2.180 g

51. Phosphine, an extremely poisonous and highly reactive gas, will react with oxygen to form
tetraphosphorus decaoxide and water.
PH3(g) + O2(g) → P4O10(s) + H2O(g) [unbalanced]
Calculate the mass of P4O10(s) formed when 225 g of PH3 reacts with excess oxygen.
A. 1880 g
B. 940. g
C. 900. g
D. 470 g
E. 56.3 g

52. Potassium chlorate (used in fireworks, flares and safety matches) forms oxygen and
potassium chloride when heated.
KClO3(s) → KCl(s) + O2(g) [unbalanced]
How many grams of oxygen are formed when 26.4 g of potassium chlorate is heated?
A. 223 g
B. 99.1 g
C. 10.3 g
D. 6.86 g
E. 4.60 g

53. Aluminum metal reacts with chlorine gas to form solid aluminum trichloride, AlCl3. What
mass of chlorine gas is needed to react completely with 163 g of aluminum?
A. 214 g
B. 245 g
C. 321 g
D. 489 g
E. 643 g
54. Lead(II) sulfide was once used in glazing earthenware. It will also react with hydrogen
peroxide to form lead(II) sulfate and water. How many grams of hydrogen peroxide are
needed to react completely with 265 g of lead(II) sulfide?
A. 151 g
B. 123 g
C. 50.3 g
D. 37.7 g
E. 9.41 g

55. An important reaction sequence in the industrial production of nitric acid is the following:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(l)
Starting from 20.0 mol of nitrogen gas in the first reaction, how many moles of oxygen gas
are required in the second one?
A. 12.5 mol O2
B. 20.0 mol O2
C. 25.0 mol O2
D. 50.0 mol O2
E. 100. mol O2

56. In a blast furnace, elemental iron is produced from a mixture of coke (C), iron ore (Fe3O4)
and other reactants. An important reaction sequence is:
2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)
Fe3O4(s) + 4CO(g) → 3Fe(l) + 4CO2(g)
How many moles of iron can be formed in this sequence when 1.00 mol of carbon, as coke,
is consumed?
A. 6.00 mol Fe
B. 3.00 mol Fe
C. 1.33 mol Fe
D. 1.25 mol Fe
E. 0.750 mol Fe

57. The iodine "clock reaction" involves the following sequence of reactions occurring in a
reaction mixture in a single beaker.
1. IO3¯(aq) + 5I¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3I2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
2. I2(aq) + 2S2O32¯(aq) → 2I¯(aq) + S4O62¯(aq)
The molecular iodine (I2) formed in reaction 1 is immediately used up in reaction 2, so that
no iodine accumulates. What is the overall reaction occurring in this experiment?
A. IO3¯(aq) + 3I¯(aq) + 2S2O32¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 2I2(aq) + S4O62¯(aq) + 3H2O(l)
B. IO3¯(aq) + 4S2O32¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → I¯(aq) + 2S4O62¯(aq) + 3H2O(l)
C. IO3¯(aq) + 6S2O32¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → I¯(aq) + 3S4O62¯(aq) + 3H2O(l)
D. IO3¯(aq) + I2(aq) + 8S2O32¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3I¯(aq) + 4S4O62¯(aq) + 3H2O(l)
E. IO3¯(aq) + 2I2(aq) + 6S2O32¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 5I¯(aq) + 3S4O62¯(aq) + 3H2O(l)
58. The iodine "clock reaction" involves the following sequence of reactions occurring in a
reaction mixture in a single beaker.
1. IO3¯(aq) + 5I¯(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3I2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
2. I2(aq) + 2S2O32¯(aq) → 2I¯(aq) + S4O62¯(aq)
The molecular iodine (I2) formed in reaction 1 is immediately used up in reaction 2, so that
no iodine accumulates. In one experiment, a student made up a reaction mixture which
initially contained 0.0020 mol of iodate ions (IO3¯). If the iodate ions reacted completely,
how many moles of thiosulfate ions (S2O32¯) were needed in reaction 2, in order to react
completely with the iodine (I2) produced in reaction 1?
A. 0.0020 mol
B. 0.0030 mol
C. 0.0040 mol
D. 0.0050 mol
E. 0.0060 mol

59. Aluminum oxide (used as an adsorbent or a catalyst for organic reactions) forms when
aluminum reacts with oxygen.
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
A mixture of 82.49 g of aluminum (м = 26.98 g/mol) and 117.65 g of oxygen (м = 32.00
g/mol) is allowed to react. What mass of aluminum oxide (м = 101.96 g/mol) can be
formed?
A. 155.8 g
B. 200.2 g
C. 249.9 g
D. 311.7 g
E. 374.9 g

60. Aluminum reacts with oxygen to produce aluminum oxide which can be used as an
adsorbent, desiccant or catalyst for organic reactions.
4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3(s)
A mixture of 82.49 g of aluminum (м = 26.98 g/mol) and 117.65 g of oxygen (м = 32.00
g/mol) is allowed to react. Identify the limiting reactant and determine the mass of the
excess reactant present in the vessel when the reaction is complete.
A. Oxygen is the limiting reactant; 19.81 g of aluminum remain.
B. Oxygen is the limiting reactant; 35.16 g of aluminum remain.
C. Aluminum is the limiting reactant; 16.70 g of oxygen remain.
D. Aluminum is the limiting reactant; 35.16 g of oxygen remain.
E. Aluminum is the limiting reactant; 44.24 g of oxygen remain.
61. Magnesium reacts with iron(III) chloride to form magnesium chloride (which can be used
in fireproofing wood and in disinfectants) and iron.
3Mg(s) + 2FeCl3(s) → 3MgCl2(s) + 2Fe(s)
A mixture of 41.0 g of magnesium (м = 24.31 g/mol) and 175 g of iron(III) chloride (м =
162.2 g/mol) is allowed to react. What mass of magnesium chloride = 95.21 g/mol) is
formed?
A. 68.5 g MgCl2
B. 77.0 g MgCl2
C. 71.4 g MgCl2
D. 107 g MgCl2
E. 154 g MgCl2

62. Magnesium (used in the manufacture of light alloys) reacts with iron(III) chloride to form
magnesium chloride and iron.
3Mg(s) + 2FeCl3(s) → 3MgCl2(s) + 2Fe(s)
A mixture of 41.0 g of magnesium (м = 24.31 g/mol) and 175 g of iron(III) chloride (м =
162.2 g/mol) is allowed to react. Identify the limiting reactant and determine the mass of
the excess reactant present in the vessel when the reaction is complete.
A. Limiting reactant is Mg; 67 g of FeCl3 remain.
B. Limiting reactant is Mg; 134 g of FeCl3 remain.
C. Limiting reactant is Mg; 104 g of FeCl3 remain.
D. Limiting reactant is FeCl3; 2 g of Mg remain.
E. Limiting reactant is FeCl3; 87 g of Mg remain.

63. Potassium chloride is used as a substitute for sodium chloride for individuals with high
blood pressure. Identify the limiting reactant and determine the mass of the excess reactant
remaining when 7.00 g of chlorine gas reacts with 5.00 g of potassium to form potassium
chloride.
A. Potassium is the limiting reactant; 2.47 g of chlorine remain.
B. Potassium is the limiting reactant; 7.23 g of chlorine remain.
C. Chlorine is the limiting reactant; 4.64 g of potassium remain.
D. Chlorine is the limiting reactant; 2.70 g of potassium remain.
E. No limiting reagent: the reactants are present in the correct stoichiometric ratio.

64. Tetraphosphorus hexaoxide (м = 219.9 g/mol) is formed by the reaction of phosphorus with
oxygen gas.
P4(s) + 3O2(g) → P4O6(s)
If a mixture of 75.3 g of phosphorus and 38.7 g of oxygen produce 43.3 g of P4O6, what is
the percent yield for the reaction?
A. 57.5%
B. 48.8%
C. 38.0%
D. 32.4%
E. 16.3%
65. What is the percent yield for the reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) → PCl5(g) if 119.3 g of PCl5 (м
= 208.2 g/mol) are formed when 61.3 g of Cl2 (м = 70.91 g/mol) react with excess PCl3?
A. 195%
B. 85.0%
C. 66.3%
D. 51.4%
E. 43.7%

66. Methanol (CH4O) is converted to bromomethane (CH3Br) as follows:

CH4O + HBr → CH3Br + H2O
If 12.23 g of bromomethane are produced when 5.00 g of methanol is reacted with excess
HBr, what is the percentage yield?
A. 40.9%
B. 82.6%
C. 100.%
D. 121%
E. 245%

67. A 0.150 M sodium chloride solution is referred to as a physiological saline solution because
it has the same concentration of salts as normal human blood. Calculate the mass of solute
needed to prepare 275.0 mL of a physiological saline solution.
A. 41.3 g
B. 31.9 g
C. 16.1 g
D. 8.77 g
E. 2.41 g

68. Sodium chlorate is used as an oxidizer in the manufacture of dyes, explosives and matches.
Calculate the mass of solute needed to prepare 1.575 L of 0.00250 M NaClO3 (м = 106.45
g/mol).
A. 419 g
B. 169 g
C. 0.419 g
D. 0.169 g
E. 0.00394 g

69. Lithium hydroxide is used in alkaline batteries. Calculate the molarity of a solution
prepared by dissolving 1.495 moles of LiOH in enough water to give a final volume of 750.
mL.
A. 1.99 M
B. 1.50 M
C. 1.12 M
D. 0.502 M
E. 0.00199 M
70. Hydrochloric acid is widely used as a laboratory reagent in refining ore for the production
of tin and tantalum, and as a catalyst in organic reactions. Calculate the number of moles of
HCl in 62.85 mL of 0.453 M hydrochloric acid.
A. 28.5 mol
B. 1.04 mol
C. 0.139 mol
D. 0.0285 mol
E. 0.00721 mol

71. Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is used to neutralize acids and to treat
cellulose in making of cellophane. Calculate the number of moles of solute in 1.875 L of
1.356 M NaOH solution.
A. 2.543 mol
B. 1.383 mol
C. 0.7232 mol
D. 0.3932 mol
E. 0.001383 mol

72. Calculate the molarity of a 23.55-mL solution which contains 28.24 mg of sodium sulfate
(used in dyeing and printing textiles, м = 139.04 g/mol).
A. 8.625 M
B. 1.199 M
C. 0.8339 M
D. 0.2031 M
E. 0.008625 M

73. When 2.61 g of solid Na2CO3 is dissolved in sufficient water to make 250. mL of solution,
the concentration of Na2CO3 is:
A. 0.0246 M
B. 10.4 M
C. 0.205 M
D. 0.0985 M
E. 0.141 M

74. Calcium chloride is used to melt ice and snow on roads and sidewalks and to remove water
from organic liquids. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by diluting 165 mL of
0.688 M calcium chloride to 925.0 mL.
A. 3.86 M
B. 0.743 M
C. 0.222 M
D. 0.123 M
E. 0.114 M
75. What will be the final volume of a solution prepared by diluting 25 mL of 8.25 M sodium
hydroxide to a concentration of 2.40 M?
A. 330 mL
B. 210 mL
C. 86 mL
D. 60 mL
E. 7.3 mL

76. What volume, in L, of 10.0 M HCl is needed to make 2.00 L of 2.00 M HCl solution by
dilution with water?
A. 0.800 L
B. 0.400 L
C. 0.200 L
D. 0.100 L
E. None of these choices is correct.

77. How many mL of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, 16.0 M) should be diluted with water in
order to make 2.00 L of 2.00 M solution?
A. 32.0 mL
B. 62.5 mL
C. 125 mL
D. 250. mL
E. 500. mL

78. How many milliliters of 1.58 M HCl are needed to react completely with 23.2 g of NaHCO3
(м = 84.02 g/mol)?
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(s) → NaCl(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
A. 638 mL
B. 572 mL
C. 536 mL
D. 276 mL
E. 175 mL

79. Copper(II) sulfide, CuS, is used in the development of aniline black dye in textile printing.
What is the maximum mass of CuS which can be formed when 38.0 mL of 0.500 M CuCl2
are mixed with 42.0 mL of 0.600 M (NH4)2S? Aqueous ammonium chloride is the other
product.
A. 2.41 g
B. 1.82 g
C. 1.21 g
D. 0.909 g
E. 0.044 g
80. Aqueous potassium iodate (KIO3) and potassium iodide (KI) react in the presence of dilute
hydrochloric acid, as shown below.
KIO3(aq) + 5KI(aq) + 6HCl(aq) → 3I2(aq) + 6KCl(aq) + 3H2O(l)
What mass of iodine (I2) is formed when 50.0 mL of 0.020 M KIO3 solution reacts with an
excess of KI and HCl?
A. 0.13 g I2
B. 0.25 g I2
C. 0.38 g I2
D. 0.76 g I2
E. None of these answers is correct.

81. Aqueous potassium iodate (KIO3) and potassium iodide (KI) react in the presence of dilute
hydrochloric acid (HCl), as shown below.
KIO3(aq) + 5KI(aq) + 6HCl(aq) → 3I2(aq) + 6KCl(aq) + 3H2O(l)
What mass of iodine (I2) is formed when 15.0 mL of 0.0050 M KIO3 solution reacts with
30.0 mL of 0.010 M KI solution in the presence of excess HCl?
A. 0.023 g I2
B. 0.029 g I2
C. 0.057 g I2
D. 0.046 g I2
E. 0.076 g I2

82. Propane, C3H8, is commonly provided as a bottled gas for use as a fuel. In 0.200 mol of
propane
a. what is the mass of propane?
b. what mass of carbon is present?
c. how many molecules of C3H8 are present?
d. how many hydrogen atoms are present?

83. For a sample consisting of 2.50 g of methane, CH4, calculate

a. the number of moles of methane present.
b. the total number of atoms present.
84. In 0.20 mole of phosphoric acid, H3PO4
a. how many H atoms are there?
b. what is the total number of atoms?
c. how many moles of O atoms are there?

85. A compound consisting of C, H and O only, has a molar mass of 331.5 g/mol. Combustion
of 0.1000 g of this compound caused a 0.2921 g increase in the mass of the CO2 absorber
and a 0.0951 g increase in the mass of the H2O absorber. What is the empirical formula of
the compound?

86. Analysis of a white solid produced in a reaction between chlorine and phosphorus showed
that it contained 77.44% chlorine and 22.56% phosphorus. What is its empirical formula?

87. Balance the following equation for the combustion of butane, a hydrocarbon used in gas
lighters:
C4H10(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(l)

88. Balance the equation B2O3(s) + NaOH(aq) → Na3BO3(aq) + H2O(l)

89. Balance the following equation for partial oxidation of ammonia, an important reaction in
the production of nitric acid:
NH3(g) + O2(g) → NO(g) + H2O(l)

90. Gaseous methanol (CH4O) reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide gas and liquid
water. Write a balanced equation for this process.

91. Consider the balanced equation for the combustion of propane, C3H8
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
If propane reacts with oxygen as above
a. what is the limiting reagent in a mixture containing 5.00 g of C3H8 and 10.0 g of O2?
b. what mass of CO2 is formed when 1.00 g of C3H8 reacts completely?

92. Ammonia, NH3, is produced industrially from nitrogen and hydrogen as follows:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
What mass, of which starting material, will remain when 30.0 g of N2 and 10.0 g of H2 react
until the limiting reagent is completely consumed?
93. Consider the balanced equation: Al2S3(s) + 6H2O(l) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3H2S(g)
If 15.0 g of aluminum sulfide and 10.0 g of water are allowed to react as above, and
assuming a complete reaction
a. by calculation, find out which is the limiting reagent.
b. calculate the maximum mass of H2S which can be formed from these reagents.
c. calculate the mass of excess reagent remaining after the reaction is complete.

94. The insecticide DDT was formerly in widespread use, but now it is severely restricted
owing to its adverse environmental effects. It is prepared as follows:

If 10.00 g of chloral were reacted with 10.00 g of chlorobenzene

a. what is the maximum amount (mol) of DDT which could be formed?
b. what is the limiting reagent?
c. what is the % yield, if 12.15 g of DDT is produced?

95. You are provided with a 250 mL volumetric flask, deionized water and solid NaOH. How
much NaOH should be weighed out in order to make 250. mL of 0.100 M solution?

96. A solution of methanol (CH4O) in water has a concentration of 0.200 M. What mass of
methanol, in grams, is present in 0.150 liters of this solution?
97. a. A solution of common salt, NaCl, in water has a concentration of 0.0921 M. Calculate the
number of moles of NaCl contained in 50.0 mL of this solution.
b. If, instead, an NaCl solution is prepared by dissolving 10.0 g of solid NaCl in enough
water to make 250. mL of solution, what is the molarity?

98. Aluminum metal dissolved in hydrochloric acid as follows:

2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)
a. What is the minimum volume of 6.0 M HCl(aq) needed to completely dissolve 3.20 g of
aluminum in this reaction?
b. What mass of AlCl3 would be produced by complete reaction of 3.20 g of aluminum?

99. One mole of O2 has a mass of 16.0 g.

Difficulty: E
True False

100. One mole of methane (CH4) contains a total of 3 × 1024 atoms.

Difficulty: E
True False

101. The formula CH3O0.5 is an example of an empirical formula.

Difficulty: E
True False

102. In combustion analysis, the carbon and hydrogen contents of a substance are determined
from the CO2 and H2O, respectively, which are collected in the absorbers.
Difficulty: E
True False

103. In combustion analysis, the oxygen content of a substance is equal to the total oxygen in the
CO2 and H2O collected in the absorbers.
Difficulty: M
True False
104. Constitutional (structural) isomers have the same empirical formula but different molecular
formulas.
Difficulty: M
True False

105. Constitutional (structural) isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural
formulas.
Difficulty: M
True False

106. In a correctly balanced equation, the number of reactant molecules must equal the number
of product molecules.
Difficulty: E
True False

107. The correct method for preparing one liter of a 1.0 M solution of X is to dissolve exactly
one mole of X in exactly one liter of water.
Difficulty: E
True False

108. When a solution is diluted with water, the ratio of the initial to final volumes of solution is
equal to the ratio of final to initial molarities.
Difficulty: E
True False
Chapter 3 Stoichiometry of Formulas and Equations Key
1. (p. 92) C

2. (p. 92) B

3. (p. 92) C

4. (p. 92) B

5. (p. 92) B

6. (p. 92) B

7. (p. 96) E

8. (p. 96) A

9. (p. 96) B

10. (p. 96) D

11. (p. 96) E

12. (p. 96) D

13. (p. 96) A

14. (p. 96) B

15. (p. 96) A

16. (p. 96) C

17. (p. 95) C

18. (p. 95) A

19. (p. 96) D

20. (p. 96) C

21. (p. 96) E

22. (p. 96) C

23. (p. 96) D

24. (p. 97) B

25. (p. 97) C

26. (p. 97) D

27. (p. 97) B

28. (p. 97) A

29. (p. 99) B

30. (p. 100) B

31. (p. 100) B

32. (p. 99) E

33. (p. 99) D

34. (p. 100) B

35. (p. 99) C

36. (p. 100) E

37. (p. 99) D

38. (p. 101) C

39. (p. 107) A

40. (p. 107) B

41. (p. 107) C

42. (p. 107) B

43. (p. 107) D

44. (p. 107) E

45. (p. 111) C

46. (p. 111) B

47. (p. 111) D

48. (p. 111) C

49. (p. 111) C

50. (p. 111) A

51. (p. 111) D

52. (p. 111) C

53. (p. 111) E

54. (p. 111) A

55. (p. 113) D

56. (p. 113) E

57. (p. 113) C

58. (p. 113) E

59. (p. 117) A

60. (p. 117) E

61. (p. 117) E

62. (p. 117) D

63. (p. 117) A

64. (p. 119) B

65. (p. 119) C

66. (p. 119) B

67. (p. 122) E

68. (p. 122) C

69. (p. 121) A

70. (p. 121) D

71. (p. 121) A

72. (p. 121) E

73. (p. 121) D

74. (p. 124) D

75. (p. 124) C

76. (p. 124) B

77. (p. 124) D

78. (p. 125) E

79. (p. 125) B

80. (p. 125) D

81. (p. 125) D

82. (p. 96) a. 8.82 g

b. 7.21 g
c. 1.20 × 1023 C3H8 molecules
d. 9.64 × 1023 H atoms
Difficulty: M

83. (p. 96) a. 0.156 mol CH4

b. 4.69 × 1023 atoms
Difficulty: M
23
84. (p. 96) a. 3.61 × 10 H atoms
23
b. 9.64 × 10 atoms
c. 4.82 × 1023 O atoms
Difficulty: E

85. (p. 101) C22H35O2

Difficulty: M
86. (p. 100) PCl3
Difficulty: E

87. (p. 107) 2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)

Difficulty: E

88. (p. 107) B2O3(s) + 6NaOH(aq) → 2Na3BO3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Difficulty: E

89. (p. 107) 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(l)

Difficulty: M

90. (p. 107) 2CH4O(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

Difficulty: M

91. (p. 117) a. Oxygen is the limiting reagent.

b. 2.99 g CO2
Difficulty: M

92. (p. 117) 3.52 g of hydrogen gas remains.

Difficulty: M

93. (p. 117) a. Water is the limiting reagent.

b. 9.50 g of H2S
c. 1.11 g Al2S3 remains.
Difficulty: M

94. (p. 119) a. 0.0444 mol DDT

b. Chlorobenzene is the limiting reagent.
c. 77.2%
Difficulty: H

95. (p. 122) 1.000 g

Difficulty: E

96. (p. 122) 0.961 g

Difficulty: E

97. (p. 122) a. 0.00461 g

b. 0.684 M
Difficulty: E

98. (p. 125) a. 59.3 mL

b. 15.8 g
Difficulty: M

99. (p. 92) FALSE

100. (p. 96) TRUE

101. (p. 98) FALSE

102. (p. 101) TRUE

103. (p. 101) FALSE

104. (p. 103) FALSE

105. (p. 103) TRUE

106. (p. 104) FALSE

107. (p. 122) FALSE

108. (p. 124) TRUE