1

WHAT ARE THE CENTRAL AND

WHAT ARE THE CENTRAL AND
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE?
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE?
Vladislav B. Sotirovic
Vladislav B. Sotirovic
Mykolas Romeris University
Mykolas Romeris University
Institute of Political Sciences
Institute of Political Sciences
vsotirovic@mruni.eu
vsotirovic@mruni.eu
www.mruni.eu
www.mruni.eu
2
3

Aim of the course

Aim of the course
is to present
is to present
historical sure! of Central an"
historical sure! of Central an"
South East Europe from the time of
South East Europe from the time of
a #reat $ienna War %&'()*&'++,
a #reat $ienna War %&'()*&'++,
to the present time
to the present time

Sure!
Sure!
of cultural "eelopments-
of cultural "eelopments-
political eents an" national
political eents an" national
i"eolo.ies
i"eolo.ies

/etho" of comparison
/etho" of comparison
to "iscoer
to "iscoer
similarities an" "ifferences
similarities an" "ifferences
0et1een these t1o nei.h0ourin.
0et1een these t1o nei.h0ourin.
re.ions
re.ions
4

Tas2
Tas2
is to fin" historical 0ac2.roun" of
is to fin" historical 0ac2.roun" of
conflicts- cooperation- coha0itation an"
conflicts- cooperation- coha0itation an"
historical enemies an" frien"s in these t1o
historical enemies an" frien"s in these t1o
re.ions
re.ions

To ac3uaint au"ience 1ith the

To ac3uaint au"ience 1ith the
central eents
central eents
in histories
in histories
of Central an" South East
of Central an" South East
European small nations
European small nations

To un"erstan"
To un"erstan"
comple4it! an" "iersit!
comple4it! an" "iersit!
of
of
these t1o re.ions
these t1o re.ions

To ac3uaint stu"ents 1ith

To ac3uaint stu"ents 1ith
national
national
historio.raphies
historio.raphies
as "ifferent national
as "ifferent national
historio.raphical tra"itions are coloure" 0!
historio.raphical tra"itions are coloure" 0!
moral in"i.nation- historical speculation an"
moral in"i.nation- historical speculation an"
nostal.ic transfi.uration
nostal.ic transfi.uration
5

#eneral
#eneral
historio.raphical
historio.raphical
assumption5
assumption5

Central Europe
Central Europe
5 #erman!- Polan"-
5 #erman!- Polan"-
C6ech Repu0lic- Sloa2ia- Austria-
C6ech Repu0lic- Sloa2ia- Austria-
Hun.ar!- Sloenia- Croatia
Hun.ar!- Sloenia- Croatia

Southeast Europe %7al2ans,

Southeast Europe %7al2ans,
5 7osnia 8
5 7osnia 8
Her6e.oina- Ser0ia- /ontene.ro-
Her6e.oina- Ser0ia- /ontene.ro-
7ul.aria- #reece- Romania- Al0ania
7ul.aria- #reece- Romania- Al0ania

Historical 0or"ers of Central Europe

Historical 0or"ers of Central Europe
5
5
Hol! Roman Empire of #erman
Hol! Roman Empire of #erman
Nation- Polish9Lithuanian
Nation- Polish9Lithuanian
Common1ealth- me"ieal Hun.ar!-
Common1ealth- me"ieal Hun.ar!-
Ha0s0ur. /onarch!
Ha0s0ur. /onarch!
6

Such approach inclu"es into historical

Such approach inclu"es into historical
Central Europe an" present "a!
Central Europe an" present "a!
territories of
territories of
Lithuania- West
Lithuania- West
7!elorussia- West U2raine- $o:o"ina-
7!elorussia- West U2raine- $o:o"ina-
Trans!lania
Trans!lania
an" een
an" een
7osnia 8
7osnia 8
Her6e.oina
Her6e.oina

Historical 0or"ers of 7al2ans

Historical 0or"ers of 7al2ans
5
5
7!6antine Empire an" Ottoman
7!6antine Empire an" Ottoman
Empire
Empire

Western literature5
Western literature5

Western Central Europe

Western Central Europe
5 #erman! an"
5 #erman! an"
Austria
Austria

Eastern Central Europe

Eastern Central Europe
5 Polan"-
5 Polan"-
Hun.ar!- C6ech Repu0lic an" Sloa2ia
Hun.ar!- C6ech Repu0lic an" Sloa2ia
7

Communist historio.raph!
Communist historio.raph!
5 Eastern
5 Eastern
Europe ; 7al2ans < Russia < East
Europe ; 7al2ans < Russia < East
Central Europe
Central Europe

Literature
Literature
5
5

Paul Ro0ert /a.osci

Paul Ro0ert /a.osci
, Historical
, Historical
Atlas of East Central Europe
Atlas of East Central Europe
-
-
Uniersit! of Washin.ton Press-
Uniersit! of Washin.ton Press-
Seattle- &++)=>??>
Seattle- &++)=>??>

@enA S6Bcs-
@enA S6Bcs-
The Three Historical
The Three Historical
Regions of Europe
Regions of Europe
- Acta Historica
- Acta Historica
Aca"emiae Scientarium Hun.aricae-
Aca"emiae Scientarium Hun.aricae-
7u"apest- &+()
7u"apest- &+()

Andrew . !anos"
Andrew . !anos"
East Central Europe in the
East Central Europe in the
Modern World: The Politics of the
Modern World: The Politics of the
Borderlands from Pre- to PostCommunism
Borderlands from Pre- to PostCommunism
"
"
Stanford" alifornia# Stanford University
Stanford" alifornia# Stanford University
Press" $%%%
Press" $%%%

Ro&ert Bideleu'" Ian !effries"

Ro&ert Bideleu'" Ian !effries"
A History of
A History of
Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
" (ondon)
" (ondon)
*ew +ork# Routled,e" -...
*ew +ork# Routled,e" -...

/au0t /. 1." 2ocka !. 3eds.4"

/au0t /. 1." 2ocka !. 3eds.4"
Comparative
Comparative
and Transnational History: Central European
and Transnational History: Central European
Approaches and e! Perspectives
Approaches and e! Perspectives
"
"
*ew
*ew
+ork56'ford# Ber,7an Books" $%-$
+ork56'ford# Ber,7an Books" $%-$
8
9
10
ommon c7aracteristics of .8. and
ommon c7aracteristics of .8. and
S.8.8. 7istory
S.8.8. 7istory

Histor! of Central an" South

Histor! of Central an" South
East Europe is
East Europe is
epic
epic
an"
an"
tra.ic
tra.ic

There is
There is
stron. influence of
stron. influence of
histor!
histor!
on the present affairs
on the present affairs

There is
There is
.oo" opinion a0out
.oo" opinion a0out
themseles
themseles
an"
an"
0a" opinion
0a" opinion
a0out the nei.h0ours
a0out the nei.h0ours
11

C
C
We neer proo2e" the
We neer proo2e" the
conflictDE
conflictDE

C
C
Al1a!s the nei.h0ours are
Al1a!s the nei.h0ours are
a..ressorsDE
a..ressorsDE

/ultinational empires is one of

/ultinational empires is one of
the 0asic characteristic of histor!
the 0asic characteristic of histor!
of Central an" South East Europe
of Central an" South East Europe

Historical e4perience of multi9

Historical e4perience of multi9
ethnicit!
ethnicit!

Historical e4perience of imperial

Historical e4perience of imperial
su0:u.ation
su0:u.ation
12
13
14

C
C
We hae lie" here since the
We hae lie" here since the
0e.innin. of timeDE
0e.innin. of timeDE

C
C
We are eternal an" innocent
We are eternal an" innocent
ictimsDE
ictimsDE

C
C
We are stron. 0ut cra6!DE
We are stron. 0ut cra6!DE

Economic- institutional- political

Economic- institutional- political
an" in"ustrial 0ac21ar"ness in
an" in"ustrial 0ac21ar"ness in
comparison 1ith Western Europe
comparison 1ith Western Europe

Retar"e" "eelopment
Retar"e" "eelopment
15

Direction of "eelopment5
Direction of "eelopment5

Western Europe F Central
Western Europe F Central
Europe F Eastern Europe F
Europe F Eastern Europe F
South East Europe
South East Europe

Literature5
Literature5
Daniel Chirot %e"G,-
Daniel Chirot %e"G,-
The Origins of Backwardness in
The Origins of Backwardness in
East Central Europe: Economics
East Central Europe: Economics
and Politics from the iddle
and Politics from the iddle
Ages to the Earl! Twentieth
Ages to the Earl! Twentieth
Centur!
Centur!
- 7er2ele!5 Uniersit! of
- 7er2ele!5 Uniersit! of
California Press- &+(+
California Press- &+(+
16

E4amples5
E4amples5

Western a.ricultural
Western a.ricultural
reolution in the Earl! /i""le
reolution in the Earl! /i""le
A.es
A.es

Western in"ustrial reolution

Western in"ustrial reolution
in &(
in &(
th
th
* &+
* &+
th
th
ccG
ccG

Parliamentar! s!stem
Parliamentar! s!stem

Democrac!
Democrac!

/ulti9part! s!stem
/ulti9part! s!stem
17

Different historical maps an"

Different historical maps an"
national milestones
national milestones
1hich mar2
1hich mar2
national tra.e"ies an" lost of
national tra.e"ies an" lost of
national free"om an" state
national free"om an" state
in"epen"ence5
in"epen"ence5

&&?> to Croats
&&?> to Croats

&)(+ to Ser0s
&)(+ to Ser0s

&H>' to Hun.arians
&H>' to Hun.arians

&)+' to 7ul.arians
&)+' to 7ul.arians

&'>? to C6echs
&'>? to C6echs

&I+H to Poles an" Lithuanians

&I+H to Poles an" Lithuanians
18

Histor! e4plains the present

Histor! e4plains the present
time
time

Ortho"o4 nations
Ortho"o4 nations
as the
as the
Russians- U2rainians-
Russians- U2rainians-
7elorussians- Ser0s- 7ul.arians-
7elorussians- Ser0s- 7ul.arians-
RomaniansJ
RomaniansJ
are e4clu"e" from
are e4clu"e" from
the re.ion of Central Europe
the re.ion of Central Europe

Kn man! 0oo2s upon histor! of

Kn man! 0oo2s upon histor! of
Central Europe is focus on
Central Europe is focus on
Hun.ar!- C6ech Repu0lic-
Hun.ar!- C6ech Repu0lic-
Sloa2ia an" Polan"
Sloa2ia an" Polan"
19
20

C
C
/itteleuropaE
/itteleuropaE
is ne.atie
is ne.atie
term 0ecause it proo2es
term 0ecause it proo2es
ne.atie historical
ne.atie historical
associations of non9
associations of non9
#erman nations in 0oth
#erman nations in 0oth
re.ions
re.ions

E4amples
E4amples
5 Teutonic Or"er-
5 Teutonic Or"er-
Otto on 7ismarc2- WWK-
Otto on 7ismarc2- WWK-
WWKK- Holocaust- etcG
WWKK- Holocaust- etcG
21

&+
&+
th
th
cG enli.htene" #erman
cG enli.htene" #erman
science an" humanistic culture
science an" humanistic culture
faoure" a concept of
faoure" a concept of
CDeutsche 1issenschaft un"
CDeutsche 1issenschaft un"
2ulturE
2ulturE
that 1as accepte" 0!
that 1as accepte" 0!
Central European @e1s %/artin
Central European @e1s %/artin
7u0er- Si.mun" Lreu"- /ahler-
7u0er- Si.mun" Lreu"- /ahler-
Lran6 Maf2a- Witt.enstein,
Lran6 Maf2a- Witt.enstein,

Na6i concept of Central Europe

Na6i concept of Central Europe
*
*
CDeutche 2ultur un"
CDeutche 2ultur un"
/itteleuropaE
/itteleuropaE
22

Kn Na6i concept of Central

Kn Na6i concept of Central
Europe this re.ion is
Europe this re.ion is
un"erstoo"
un"erstoo"
1ithout #erman9
1ithout #erman9
spea2in. @e1s
spea2in. @e1s

After &+NH #erman

After &+NH #erman
historio.raph! uses the term
historio.raph! uses the term
COentraleuropaE
COentraleuropaE

@e1s an" #ermans are

@e1s an" #ermans are
catal!sts of Central European
catal!sts of Central European
culture
culture

Concept5 CDai" sG #oliathE

Concept5 CDai" sG #oliathE
23

Small nations from Central an"

Small nations from Central an"
South East Europe
South East Europe
e4clu"e
e4clu"e
#ermans an" Russians from these
#ermans an" Russians from these
re.ions
re.ions

Central an" South East Europe are

Central an" South East Europe are
historical re.ions 0et1een the
historical re.ions 0et1een the
#ermans an" the Russians
#ermans an" the Russians

Phenomena of C"ii"e" nationE

Phenomena of C"ii"e" nationE
*
*
one part of nation is in Central
one part of nation is in Central
Europe an" other part is in South
Europe an" other part is in South
East Europe
East Europe
24
25

Ha0s0ur.s 1ere nice rulers

Ha0s0ur.s 1ere nice rulers
in
in
comparison 1ith #erman
comparison 1ith #erman
Hohen6ollerns an" Russian
Hohen6ollerns an" Russian
Romanos
Romanos

The case of Poles

The case of Poles

A historic mission of Austria9

A historic mission of Austria9
Hun.ar! 1as to protect small
Hun.ar! 1as to protect small
Central an" South East European
Central an" South East European
nations from #erman! an" Russia
nations from #erman! an" Russia

C6ech historian
C6ech historian
@osef Palac2!
@osef Palac2!
in
in
&(N(
&(N(

26

#oo" Austrian * Hun.arian

#oo" Austrian * Hun.arian
relations in the &+(?s
relations in the &+(?s
0ecame
0ecame
a mo"el of .oo" West * East
a mo"el of .oo" West * East
relations in Europe
relations in Europe

The i"ea of Central Europe as

The i"ea of Central Europe as
neutral- nuclear9free-
neutral- nuclear9free-
"emocratic- "emilitarise"
"emocratic- "emilitarise"
re.ion 1as promote" 0! the
re.ion 1as promote" 0! the
#reen Peace /oement
#reen Peace /oement
27

This i"ea 1as 0ase" on

This i"ea 1as 0ase" on
Anti9
Anti9
Americanism
Americanism
an"
an"
Anti9
Anti9
/ar4ism
/ar4ism

/eetin. .roun"s of
/eetin. .roun"s of
ciilisations
ciilisations

Central an" South East Europe

Central an" South East Europe
are the re.ions of
are the re.ions of
"iision
"iision
lines
lines

Historical "iision lines5

Historical "iision lines5

7et1een
7et1een
West an" East
West an" East
Roman Empires
Roman Empires
28
29

7et1een
7et1een
Lran2ish an" 7!6antine
Lran2ish an" 7!6antine
Empires
Empires

7et1een
7et1een
Latin an" #ree2
Latin an" #ree2
lan.ua.e
lan.ua.e

7et1een
7et1een
West an" East
West an" East
Christianit!
Christianit!

7et1een
7et1een
Christianit! an" Kslam
Christianit! an" Kslam

7et1een
7et1een
Ha0s0ur. /onarch!
Ha0s0ur. /onarch!
an" Ottoman Empire
an" Ottoman Empire

7et1een
7et1een
NATO an" Warsa1
NATO an" Warsa1
Pact
Pact
30
31
32
33
34
35

Durin. the Col" War

Durin. the Col" War
confrontation a
confrontation a
concept of
concept of
CCentral EuropeE
CCentral EuropeE
- as its o1n-
- as its o1n-
1as East European i"ea
1as East European i"ea
"eelope" 0! East European
"eelope" 0! East European
emi.rants to the West
emi.rants to the West

The! 1ante" to proe 0! histor!

The! 1ante" to proe 0! histor!
that
that
current political9
current political9
i"eolo.ical "iision of Europe
i"eolo.ical "iision of Europe

on West an" East 1as artificial
on West an" East 1as artificial
an" ille.itimate
an" ille.itimate
36

C
C
Palta EuropeE sG CCentral EuropeE
Palta EuropeE sG CCentral EuropeE

Literature5
Literature5

@ac3ues Rupni2-
@ac3ues Rupni2-
The Other Europe
The Other Europe
-
-
Lon"on- &+(+
Lon"on- &+(+

Timoth! #arton Ash- CDoes Central

Timoth! #arton Ash- CDoes Central
Europe E4ist?E-
Europe E4ist?E-
"ew #ork Re$iew of
"ew #ork Re$iew of
Books
Books
- Octo0er +- &+('- ppG NH*H>
- Octo0er +- &+('- ppG NH*H>

/ilan Mun"era- CThe Tra.e"! of

/ilan Mun"era- CThe Tra.e"! of
Central EuropeE-
Central EuropeE-
"ew #ork Re$iew of
"ew #ork Re$iew of
Books
Books
- April >(- &+(N- ppG ))*)(
- April >(- &+(N- ppG ))*)(
37

NATKONAL CHKSTORKCAL
NATKONAL CHKSTORKCAL
PRO$KNCESE
PRO$KNCESE
5
5

COECH CASE
COECH CASE
5 CTHE LANDS OL
5 CTHE LANDS OL
CROWN OL STG $ACLA$E
CROWN OL STG $ACLA$E
%7OHE/KA- /ORA$KA- SKLESKA,
%7OHE/KA- /ORA$KA- SKLESKA,
SQDETENLAND
SQDETENLAND
WAS SETTLED 7P
WAS SETTLED 7P
#ER/AN PEASANTS LRO/ THE &)
#ER/AN PEASANTS LRO/ THE &)
TH TH

CG
CG
ONWARD
ONWARD
#RAND DUCHP OL /ORA$KA
#RAND DUCHP OL /ORA$KA
LRO/
LRO/
THE +
THE +
TH TH
CG TO +?'
CG TO +?'
7OHE/KA
7OHE/KA
HKSTORKCALLP WAS
HKSTORKCALLP WAS
HALL9SLA$ONKC AND HALL9
HALL9SLA$ONKC AND HALL9
#ER/AN SPEAMKN# PRO$KNCE
#ER/AN SPEAMKN# PRO$KNCE
38
#OLDEN PERKOD OL 7OHE/KA WAS
#OLDEN PERKOD OL 7OHE/KA WAS
DURKN# THE
DURKN# THE
CHARLES K$ %&)NI*
CHARLES K$ %&)NI*
&)I(,
&)I(,
PRA#UE UNK$ERSKTP
PRA#UE UNK$ERSKTP
ESTG &)N(
ESTG &)N(
AN ERPLANATKON5 DURKN# THE )?9
AN ERPLANATKON5 DURKN# THE )?9
PEARS WAR %&'&(*&'N(, KT WAS A
PEARS WAR %&'&(*&'N(, KT WAS A
STRU##LE 7ETWEEN
STRU##LE 7ETWEEN
RO/AN
RO/AN
CATHOLKC #ER/ANKSED
CATHOLKC #ER/ANKSED
LANDLORDS
LANDLORDS
AND
AND
COECH SPEAMKN#
COECH SPEAMKN#
HERETKCAL PEASANTS
HERETKCAL PEASANTS
C
C
HKSTORKCAL PRO$KNCESE OL THE
HKSTORKCAL PRO$KNCESE OL THE
COECH PEOPLE ELECTED KN
COECH PEOPLE ELECTED KN
&H>'
&H>'
HA7S7UR# RULER CHARLES $
HA7S7UR# RULER CHARLES $
AS
AS
THEKR MKN#
THEKR MKN#
39
Otto on 7ismarc2
Otto on 7ismarc2
5 CWho is master of
5 CWho is master of
7ohemia is master of EuropeDE
7ohemia is master of EuropeDE
What concerns Chistorical ri.htsE-
What concerns Chistorical ri.htsE-
C6ech case in Central Europe is
C6ech case in Central Europe is
mostl! similar 1ith
mostl! similar 1ith
Croat case in
Croat case in
South East Europe
South East Europe

Territorial me.alomania of
Territorial me.alomania of
Chistoricall! frustrate" nationsE
Chistoricall! frustrate" nationsE

/!stical s!m0ols of national unit!

/!stical s!m0ols of national unit!
E45 Hun.arian national s!m0ol is the
E45 Hun.arian national s!m0ol is the
CHol! Cro1nE
CHol! Cro1nE
40
41
Personal9"!nastic union in &&?>
Personal9"!nastic union in &&?>
of
of
Dalmatia- Slaonia an" Croatia
Dalmatia- Slaonia an" Croatia
1ith Hun.ar!
1ith Hun.ar!
Hun.arian stan"point *
Hun.arian stan"point *
Partes
Partes
su%&ectae
su%&ectae
Croatian ie1 *
Croatian ie1 *
Pacta con$enta
Pacta con$enta

Hun.arian lan.ua.e is
Hun.arian lan.ua.e is
Linno9
Linno9
U.rian
U.rian
StG Kstan
StG Kstan
0ecame apostolic 2in. in
0ecame apostolic 2in. in
&??? an" 0apti6e" 0! Rome
&??? an" 0apti6e" 0! Rome
42

Conflict 0et1een historic an"

Conflict 0et1een historic an"
ethnic ri.hts
ethnic ri.hts
Historic $o:o"ina
Historic $o:o"ina
for Hun.arians
for Hun.arians
Ethnic $o:o"ina
Ethnic $o:o"ina
for Ser0s
for Ser0s
Austrian
Austrian
C/ilitar! frontierE
C/ilitar! frontierE
from
from
&HI( to &((&
&HI( to &((&
Ser0s
Ser0s
* ethnic ri.hts on Mra!ina
* ethnic ri.hts on Mra!ina
Croats
Croats
* historic ri.hts on Mra!ina
* historic ri.hts on Mra!ina
Rier Saa
Rier Saa
1as for more than >??
1as for more than >??
!ears 1estern moat a.ainst the
!ears 1estern moat a.ainst the
Tur2s
Tur2s
43
44
45
46
47
7essara0ia
7essara0ia
is historical
is historical
proince 0et1een riers of
proince 0et1een riers of
Pruth an" Dniester
Pruth an" Dniester
7essara0ia 1as from &+NH to
7essara0ia 1as from &+NH to
&++& SSR
&++& SSR
/ol"aa
/ol"aa
- an"
- an"
from &++&
from &++&
/ol"oa
/ol"oa
7essara0ia 1as for >?? !ears
7essara0ia 1as for >?? !ears
"ispute" area
"ispute" area
0et1een
0et1een
Romanians an" Russians
Romanians an" Russians
48
Hain. 7essara0ia
Hain. 7essara0ia
Russia=USSR 0ecame
Russia=USSR 0ecame
Danu0ian po1er
Danu0ian po1er
Do0ru:a=Do0ru".ea
Do0ru:a=Do0ru".ea
is
is
"ispute" lan" 0et1een
"ispute" lan" 0et1een
Romanians an" 7ul.arians
Romanians an" 7ul.arians
Wallachia an" /ol"aia hae
Wallachia an" /ol"aia hae
0een historicall! calle" as
0een historicall! calle" as
CDanu0ian principalitiesE
CDanu0ian principalitiesE
49
7et1een Romanian
7et1een Romanian
Constantsa
Constantsa
an"
an"
7ul.arian
7ul.arian
$arna
$arna
there is ethnic
there is ethnic
mi4ture of Romanians- 7ul.arians-
mi4ture of Romanians- 7ul.arians-
#ree2s- Armenians- Tur2s
#ree2s- Armenians- Tur2s
C
C
Trans!lanian SuestionE
Trans!lanian SuestionE
0et1een
0et1een
Romanians an" Hun.arians from
Romanians an" Hun.arians from
&(N( to &+NH
&(N( to &+NH
Trans!lania
Trans!lania
=
=
Er"el!
Er"el!
is mi4ture of
is mi4ture of
Romanians- /a.!ars- S6e2lers-
Romanians- /a.!ars- S6e2lers-
Sa4ons an" @e1s
Sa4ons an" @e1s


50
51
Trans!lanian cit! of
Trans!lanian cit! of
Clu:
Clu:
%in
%in
Romanian, or
Romanian, or
Molo6sTr
Molo6sTr
%in
%in
Hun.arian, or
Hun.arian, or
Mlausen0ur.
Mlausen0ur.
%in
%in
#erman, 1as an intellectual
#erman, 1as an intellectual
centre of Romanian Uniats
centre of Romanian Uniats
Proince of
Proince of
7u2oina
7u2oina
1as
1as
"ispute" 0et1een Romania-
"ispute" 0et1een Romania-
Austria- an" Russia
Austria- an" Russia
Cit! of
Cit! of
Chernots!
Chernots!
%RusG,-
%RusG,-
Cernauti
Cernauti
%RomG, or
%RomG, or
C6erno1it6
C6erno1it6

%#ermG,
%#ermG,

52
7u2oina 1as in
7u2oina 1as in
&IIH=&III
&IIH=&III

incorporate" into Austrian
incorporate" into Austrian
part of Ha0s0ur. /onarch!
part of Ha0s0ur. /onarch!

7u2oina- #alicia %CAustrian

7u2oina- #alicia %CAustrian
Polan"E, an" Ruthenia
Polan"E, an" Ruthenia
hae
hae
0een till &+&( in Austria9
0een till &+&( in Austria9
Hun.ar!
Hun.ar!
Lrom &+NH the! are in U2raine
Lrom &+NH the! are in U2raine
as
as
CSu09Carpathian U2raineE
CSu09Carpathian U2raineE
53

Dispute" proinces in the

Dispute" proinces in the
7al2ans5
7al2ans5
/ace"onia
/ace"onia
Thrace
Thrace
7osnia 8 Her6e.oina
7osnia 8 Her6e.oina
Kstria- Dalmatia
Kstria- Dalmatia
Mosoo
Mosoo
Moru
Moru
U2a
U2a
=MVrten=Carinthia
=MVrten=Carinthia
54

Dea" histor! lon. remains as

Dea" histor! lon. remains as
present politics
present politics

#lorification of historical
#lorification of historical
eents
eents

Uni3ue national mission

Uni3ue national mission

#lorification of national
#lorification of national
"!nasties
"!nasties

Apotheosis of aliant national

Apotheosis of aliant national
"isaster
"isaster
5
5

55
&'>? 7attle of White
&'>? 7attle of White
/ountain in 7ohemia
/ountain in 7ohemia
&)(+ 7attle of Mosoo in
&)(+ 7attle of Mosoo in
Ser0ia
Ser0ia
&H>' 7attle of /ohTcs in
&H>' 7attle of /ohTcs in
Hun.ar!
Hun.ar!

National mart!r"om
National mart!r"om

National patriot father

National patriot father
5
5
Tsar Simeon of 7ul.aria
Tsar Simeon of 7ul.aria
56
@anos Hun!a"i=/Tt!Ts
@anos Hun!a"i=/Tt!Ts
Corinus of Hun.ar!
Corinus of Hun.ar!
Min. Tomisla of Croatia
Min. Tomisla of Croatia
Tsar Du
Tsar Du
U
U
an of Ser0ia
an of Ser0ia
Min. Trt2o K of 7osnia
Min. Trt2o K of 7osnia
S2an"er0e. of Al0ania
S2an"er0e. of Al0ania
$!tautas the #reat of
$!tautas the #reat of
Lithuania
Lithuania
57
58
riteria for definition of 7istorical
riteria for definition of 7istorical
entral and Sout7 8ast 8uro0e
entral and Sout7 8ast 8uro0e

&G
&G
Relationship 0et1een
Relationship 0et1een
reli.ion an" cultural
reli.ion an" cultural
orientation
orientation
>G
>G
Lrontiers of me"ieal
Lrontiers of me"ieal
empires an" 2in."oms
empires an" 2in."oms

/a4imum of Catholic
/a4imum of Catholic
e4tension 1as aroun"
e4tension 1as aroun"
&H??
&H??
59

Western 0or"ers of
Western 0or"ers of
historical Central Europe
historical Central Europe
are the state 0or"ers of
are the state 0or"ers of
Hol! Roman Empire of
Hol! Roman Empire of
#erman Nation
#erman Nation

South9East 0or"ers of
South9East 0or"ers of
historical Central Europe
historical Central Europe
are the state 0or"ers of
are the state 0or"ers of
Min."om of Hun.ar!
Min."om of Hun.ar!

60
61
62

Eastern 0or"ers of historical

Eastern 0or"ers of historical
Central Europe are the state
Central Europe are the state
0or"ers of
0or"ers of
the Polish9Lithuanian
the Polish9Lithuanian
Common1ealth
Common1ealth

Northern 0or"ers of historical

Northern 0or"ers of historical
South East Europe are the state
South East Europe are the state
0or"ers of
0or"ers of
the Ottoman Empire
the Ottoman Empire

North9West 0or"ers of the

North9West 0or"ers of the
7al2ans are the state 0or"ers of
7al2ans are the state 0or"ers of
the 7!6antine Empire
the 7!6antine Empire
an"
an"
the
the
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
63
64
65
)G
)G
Confrontation of Western
Confrontation of Western
Christen"om a.ainst
Christen"om a.ainst
Kslamic=Oriental 1orl"
Kslamic=Oriental 1orl"
is a
is a
criteria to "efine in cultural point
criteria to "efine in cultural point
Central an" South East Europe
Central an" South East Europe

The 7al2ans is
The 7al2ans is
CNear EastE
CNear EastE

Central Europe is
Central Europe is
eastern
eastern
Western Europe
Western Europe

Phenomena of
Phenomena of
Cante murale
Cante murale
christienitatisE
christienitatisE
66
NG
NG
Definition of Central Europe 0!
Definition of Central Europe 0!
initation
initation

Kn &++N it 1as or.anise" in Pra.ue

Kn &++N it 1as or.anise" in Pra.ue
the
the
Central European summit
Central European summit

Who 1as inite"5

Who 1as inite"5
#erman!- Austria-
#erman!- Austria-
C6ech Repu0lic- Sloa2ia- Sloenia-
C6ech Repu0lic- Sloa2ia- Sloenia-
Hun.ar! an" Polan" %no Croatia,
Hun.ar! an" Polan" %no Croatia,

Croatia
Croatia
refuse" to participate in
refuse" to participate in
7al2an summit- 0ut "eclare" to 0e
7al2an summit- 0ut "eclare" to 0e
after &++H stron.est militar! po1er
after &++H stron.est militar! po1er
in the 7al2ans
in the 7al2ans
67

Literature5
Literature5
Piotr Wan"!c6-
Piotr Wan"!c6-
The
The
Price of 'reedom: A Histor! of
Price of 'reedom: A Histor! of
East Central Europe from the
East Central Europe from the
iddle Ages to the Present
iddle Ages to the Present
-
-
Lon"on5 Routle".e- &++>
Lon"on5 Routle".e- &++>
HG
HG
CKron curtainE
CKron curtainE
or
or
CPaltaE
CPaltaE

concept of Europe5 There is no
concept of Europe5 There is no
Central or South East Europe
Central or South East Europe

There is onl!
There is onl!
West
West
an"
an"
East
East
Europe
Europe
68
'G
'G
CEuropean UnionE criteria
CEuropean UnionE criteria
of "efinition of Central
of "efinition of Central
Europe
Europe

Central European states

Central European states
are onl! those countries
are onl! those countries
1hich
1hich
economic- political
economic- political
an" institutional
an" institutional
"eelopments
"eelopments
are close to
are close to
the stan"ar"s of European
the stan"ar"s of European
Union
Union

69
onclusion
onclusion

7roa"er concept of Central Europe

7roa"er concept of Central Europe
5 1ith
5 1ith
#erman! an" Austria
#erman! an" Austria

Narro1 concept of Central Europe

Narro1 concept of Central Europe
5
5
1ithout #erman! an" Austria
1ithout #erman! an" Austria

South East European countries

South East European countries
are those
are those
1hich culture is influence" 0! 7!6antine
1hich culture is influence" 0! 7!6antine
an" Ottoman ciili6ations
an" Ottoman ciili6ations

Culturall!
Culturall!
- mem0ers of 1estern
- mem0ers of 1estern
Christianit! "o not 0elon. to the 7al2an
Christianit! "o not 0elon. to the 7al2an
sphere of culture
sphere of culture
70