í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 31 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2006 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Laxman: Hi Suman, do you know Bhavan is in

town?
(¶µº´Ø˛ Ü-∞x-éÌ-î√aúø’ (ÖØ√oúø’) ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)
Suman: Oh, is he? when did he come?
(Å´¤Ø√? á°æ¤p-úÌ-î√aúø’?)
Laxman: Yesterday. He won the first round of
the badminton match.
(E†o -¶«u-úÕtç-ô-Ø˛ -´÷u-î˝™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ -®ıç-ú˛
ÈíL-î√úø’.)
Suman: That's no surprise to me. I knew he
would win. He is certainly a better
player than his rival in this round.
(ÅüËç Ø√èπ◊ °ü¿l Ǩ¡a®Ωuç é¬ü¿’. ¢√úø’ Èí©’-
≤ƒh-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ñ ®ıç-ú˛™ -ûª-† v°æûªu-
Jn-éπç-õ‰ Åûª-úø’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† Çô-í¬úø’)
(rival=È®j´™¸= v°æûªuJn, §ÚöÃ-ü∆-®Ω’)
Laxman: I was sure of that too. Mind you,
Bhavan is taller than Sravan, that
rival of his. That certainly is an advan-
tage in badminton
(؈÷ Å™«ØË -Å-†’èπ◊-Ø√o. ÉçéÓöÀ í∫’®Ω’hç-
éÓ. ¶µº-´-Ø˛, ûª†- v°æûªuJn -v¨¡´ù˝ éπç-õ‰ §Ò-úø-
´¤. -¶«u-úÕtç-ô-Ø˛™ ÅC (§Ò-úø-´¤) Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-
°æúË N≠æߪ’ç.)
áèπ◊\´ ®ÓV©’çô’çC.)
Laxman: OK. A happy time in Delhi to you and
your mom.
(†’´¤y, O’ Å´÷t Åéπ\úø Ææ®Ωü∆í¬ í∫úø-§ƒ-
©E Ø√ éÓ®Ω’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o.)
Suman: Thank you.
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ Lesson ™ îª÷¨»ç. È®ç-úÕçöÀ-éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´
´Ææ’h-´¤-©†÷, ´uèπ◊h-©†÷ §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ ´‚úø’ degrees
(positive, comparative and superlative)
Amar is not so (as) short as Anand. Let's now try to change the comparative degree
Öçö«®·. Ç degrees ™E sentences ™, Word
(Å-´’®˝, -Ç-†ç-ü˛ Åçûª §ÒöÀdé¬ü¿’.) statements in the conversion between Laxman
order ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈,
comparative ™, positive ™ Amar, Anand posi- and Suman, at the beginning of this lesson into
È®ç-úÕçöÀE ´÷vûª¢Ë’ §ÚLa†°æ¤púø’ superlative Öçúøü¿’
tion ´÷®Ωôç, comparative ™ ™‰E not – positive positive degree statements:
ÅE èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆.
Now look at the following sentences from the
™ ®√´ôç îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. positive ™ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Exercise:
Practise the following aloud in English:
conversation between Laxman and Suman at
Sankar: ´’† question papers ÅEoöx ÉC -
the beginning of the lesson:
Å-A éπ-≠dçæ í¬ ÖçC éπü∆?
1) He is certainly a better player than his rival.
(Åûª-úÕ v°æûªuJn éπç-õ‰ Åûª-úø’ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’) -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 206
(éπ≠dçæ = tough) - superlative ¢√úøçúÕ)
Omkar: é¬ü¿’ ÉC §Ú®·-†-≤ƒJ paper Åçûª éπ≠dç æ
(better- comparative degree of good- Ééπ\úø
é¬ü¿’.
§ÚLéπ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u ´÷vûª¢Ë’– Bhavan, Sravan ´’üµ¿u)
´·çü¿’ so (as), ûª®√yûª as ´≤ƒh®·. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ (§Ú®·-†-≤ƒJ paper=the paper last time/
(Better- comparative degree)
Éçé¬: the last exam paper.)
2) Bhavan is taller than Sravan =
Hema is taller than Kshema. (Íé~´’- éπç-õ‰ Ê£«´’ Sankar: Å®·Ø√ éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J Ø√ marks éπç-õ‰ F
v¨¡´ù˝ éπç-õ‰ ¶µº´Ø˛ §Ò-úø-´¤.
§Ò-úø-´¤) (Taller - comparative degree) - Ééπ\úø marks- áèπ◊\-´ . (éÀç-ü¿-öÀ≤ƒ-J–last time )

£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úøçûª ¢ËúÕ-é¬ü¿’

Advantage = Åú≈y-Ed-ñ ¸–'ú≈y— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç= Ææ£æ…-
ߪ’-é¬J. ´’†èπ◊ ¢Ë’©’ éπ-L-Tç-îËC.
Mind you = í∫’®Ω’h ûÁaéÓ/ ûÁ©’-Ææ’éÓ, (ñ«ví∫ûªh ÅE
èπÿú≈)
Suman: Moreover, Bhavan's movements are
quicker than Sravan's.
(ÅçûË é¬èπ◊çú≈, Sravan éπü¿-L-éπ-© -éπç-õ‰
Bhavan éπü¿-L-éπ©’ î√™« ¢Ëí∫çí¬ Öçö«®·.)
Laxman: Let's see how he is going to fare in
the next match. (ûª®√y--ûª -´÷u-î˝™ ᙫ
îË≤ƒhúÓ îª÷ü∆lç.)
fare = îËߪ’-ôç/-Ç-úøôç ™«çöÀN.
How did you fare in the exam yesterday?
( exam
E†o †’´¤y ᙫ ®√¨»´¤?)
How did he fare in the debate contest last
week?
( debate
Åûª†’ (´éπh %ûªy) §ÚöÙ ᙫ î˨»úø’?)
Suman: He has good chances of winning that
too.
(ÅC èπÿú≈ ÈíLîË Å´-é¬-¨»©’ ¶«í¬ØË
ÖØ√o®·.)
Laxman: OK. When are you taking your mom
to Delhi?
(O’ Å´’t†’ -úµÕ-Mx á°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’-Èé-
∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o´¤?)
Suman: This Wednesday.
(Ñ •’üµ¿-¢√®Ωç)
Laxman: Have you booked the tick-
ets?
M. SURESAN
(-öÀÈé-ô’x -•’é˙ îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o¢√?)
Suman: Yes, by the AP Express.
(Å´¤†’. à°‘ -áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ ™)
Laxman: That's good. That's faster than the
special train you thought of going by.
(´’ç* °æEî˨»´¤. †’´¤y ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊†o
ÂÆp-≠æ-™ ¸ -võ„®·-Ø˛ éπç-õ‰ ÉC ¢Ëí∫-çí¬
-¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’ç-C.)
Suman: It is. This is more comfortable than that
too.
(ÉC ü∆E éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Ææ’êçí¬ Öçô’çC)
Laxman:This is certainly better than that in
every respect. When are you return-
ing?
(à Nüµ¿çí¬ îª÷ÆœØ√, Ç ÂÆp-≠æ-™¸ -võ„®·-Ø˛
éπçõ‰- à°‘ -áé˙q-vÂ°Æˇ ´’ç*C. á°æ¤púø’ AJ-
íÌ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)
Suman: I will return in a week. My mother's
stay there will be longer.
(؈’ ¢√®√-E-éπ-™«x AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh†’. Å´’t Åéπ\úø
(comparison only between two) (taller- compar-
ative degree)
3) Bhavan's movements are quicker than
Sravan's.
(v¨¡´ù˝ éπü¿-L-éπ-© éπç-õ‰ ¶µº´Ø˛ éπü¿-L-éπ©’ ¢Ëí∫çí¬
Öçö«®·) (quicker - comparative)
4) That (AP Express) is faster than the special
train. (special train éπç-õ‰ AP Express
¢Á’içC– comparison only between two) (faster-
comparative)
5) This is certainly better than that =
(comparison only between two)
éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’
6) Mother's stay will be longer than mine.
(-Ø√éπç-õ‰, ´÷ Å´’t áèπ◊\´ ®ÓV-©’ç-ô’çC–
parison only between two.
Longer - comparative)
È®ç-úÕçöÀ éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ §ÚLa-†-
°æ¤púø’, superlative, comparative, posi-
tive ™ word order (´÷ô© Å´’-Jéπ)
ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ ´’†ç ûÁ©’Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ °j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™
§ÚLéπ È®ç--úÕç-öÀ ´’üµ¿uØË.
1) §ÚLéπ È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿uØË Å®·-†-
°æ¤púø’, superlative degree Öçúøü¿’.
2) È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©ØË §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’ comparative
degree, positive degree word order èπÿ È®ç-
úÕçöÀ-éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ §ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’
comparative, superlative word order èπÿ
î√™«ûËú≈ -Öçô’çC.
džçü˛, Å´’®˝ ÅØË Éü¿l-JE §Ú™«a-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ.
1) Å°æ¤púø’ superlative Öçúøü¿’.
2) Comparative ™ sentence èπ◊ ´·ç-ü¿’ džçü˛,
sentence èπ◊ *´®Ω Å´’®˝ ´ÊÆh, positive degree
™ Ñ ´®ΩÆæ ´÷J Å´’®˝ sentenceèπ◊ ´·ç-ü¿’,
džçü˛ sentence èπ◊ *´-®Ω- -´≤ƒh®·.
3) Comparative ™ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, positive ™ not
´Ææ’hçC. comparative ™ not Öçõ‰ positive ™
not ®√ü¿’.
Comparative:
Anand is shorter than Amar.
(
Å-´’®˝ éπç-õ‰ -Ç-†ç-ü˛ §ÒöÀd)
Positive:
§ÚLéπ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿uØË, É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ superlative
Öçúøü¿’. DEéÀ positive degree: Kshema is not so
(as) tall as Hema.
(Kshema, Ê£«-´’ -Åç-ûª §Ò-úø-´¤ é¬ü¿’) comparison
only between two (È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷© ´’üµ¿u ´÷vûª¢Ë’
§ÚLéπ):
Comparative:
¢Ëí∫-´ç-ûª-
Sunder is cleverer than Sukumar
( Ææ’èπ◊-´÷®˝ éπç-õ‰ Ææ’çü¿®˝ ûÁL-¢Áj†¢√úø’)
Positive:
ÉC ü∆E-
Sukumar is not so (as) clever as Sundar
(Ææ’èπ◊-´÷®˝, Ææ’çü¿-®Ωçûª ûÁL-¢Áj†¢√úø’ é¬úø’.)
com-
Ééπ\úø È®çúø’ ´·êu -N-≠æ-ߪ÷©’ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
1) Comparative ™, Sundar ´·çü¿’, Sukumar
*´®√ ÖØ√o®·. ÅüË positive™, ¢√öÀ ≤ƒnØ√©’
û√®Ω’-´÷-È®j, Sukumar ´·çü¿÷, Sundar *´-®Ω -
´-Ææ’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆.
2) Comparative ™ not ™‰ü¿’, positive ™ not ÖçC
éπü∆.
ÉçéÓ example îª÷ü∆lç:
Comparative:
Vijayawada is hotter than Hyderabad .
(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛ -éπç-õ‰, Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø ¢ËúÁ-èπ◊\´)
Not
(Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø ´·çü¿÷, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ *´®Ω.
Positive:
Hyderabad is not so (as) hot as Vijayawada.
(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úøçûª ¢ËúÕ-é¬ü¿’)
(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛ ´·ç-ü¿’, Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø *´®Ω; Not ÖçC)
COMPARATIVE
1) He is certainly a better player than his
rival.
2) Bhavan is taller than Sravan.
3) Bhavan's movements are quicker than
Sravan's.
4) AP Express is faster than the special train.
5) This certainly is better than that.
6) Mother's stay will be longer than mine.
ª Omkar: Å®·Ø√, -Ñ≤ƒJ Ø√ marks , í∫-ûª≤ƒ-J
-Åç-ûª ¶«í¬ Öç-ö«-ߪ’-†o †´’téπç Ø√èπ◊™‰ü¿’.
(†´’téπç Ø√èπ◊™‰ü¿’ =I am not sure).
Sankar: -Ñ college ¢Á·ûªhç ™„éπa®Ω®˝q-™  -O’ ™„éπa®Ω®˝-
íÌ°æp.-
Omkar:- O’ ™„éπa®Ω®˝ èπÿú≈ íÌÊ°p, é¬F †’´y-†oô’d ´÷
™„éπa®Ω®˝ Åçûª íÌ°æp-é¬úø’.
Sankar: ؈ ’ Tuition -BÆæ ’éÓ-¢√-©-† ’èπ◊ç-ô ’-Ø√o-† ’.
á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞¡x-´’ç-ö«´¤?
Omkar: O’ lecturer ü¿í∫_®ΩÍé ¢Á∞¡Ÿx.
Answer:
Sankar: Isn't this the toughest of all our ques-
tion papers?
Omkar: No. This is not as (so) tough as the
paper last time.
Sankar: But your marks were higher than mine
last time.
Omkar: But I am not sure that my marks this
time will be as good as my marks last
time.
Sankar: Your lecturer is the best/greatest (of
all) in the college.
Omkar: Your lecturer is good too, but not so
(as) good as our lecturer.
Sankar: I want to take tution. who do you want
™‰ü¿’)
me/to go to/suggest that I go to?
Omkar: Go to your lecturer.
POSITIVE
His rival is not so (as) good a player as he (is)
Sravan is not so (as) tall as Bhavan
Sravan's movements are not so (as) quick as
Bhavan's
The special train is not so (as) fast as the AP
Express.
That certainly is not so (as) good as this.
Mine (Ø√C) will not be so (as) long as mother's stay.