2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

3
]p-kv-X-I-w- H--∂v- / e-°w- c-≠-v / 2004 B-K-kv-‰v-/1425 P-am-Z-p¬-B-Jn¿-

A-¥n-a{]-hm-N-I≥- l-n-µ-p-a-X-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn-¬-
kv-t\-l-Pm≥-

Bcy-bp-≤-ß-fp-sS- e-£yw- ]-ip-°-sf- kz-¥-am-°-em-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw- ]-ip-hn-\v- "tKm'-sb-∂- t]-cv-

h-∂-sX-∂m-Wv- ]-Wv-UnX-a-Xw.- "]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-°ƒ'- F∂- {]tbm-Kw- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- tbm-≤m-°-
fm-b- ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- kz-lm-_n-Iƒ-°v- tbm-Pn-°p-sa-∂¿-Y-w.-
9
4 hm-b\
- °
- m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-
6 Xn-cp-sam-gn-
7 ]-{Xm-[n- ]
- ¿-°v- ]-db
- m-\p-≈X
- v-
23 ss{I-kv-X-h-X-bpw- ]m-]-hn-ip-≤n-bpw ˛ d-Po-_v.- F-
26 Rm-\-dn-bp-∂- C-kv-emw ˛ _o-\m-e-£v-an- t\-{]mw,- a-Wn∏-q-cv-
tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-

34 tPym-Xn-jw- sX-s‰-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- sX-fn-hn-√-˛ ]n.-hn.- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥-

37 tPym-Xn-jw- sX-s‰-∂v- ]-d-bmt\- sX-fn-hp-≈q- ˛ D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-g-n-
44 tPym-Xn-j-hpw- `m-c-Xo-b- im-kv-{X-ß-fpw ˛ -A-_v-Zp¬-lm-Zn-
47 Nn-d-Ip-I-I-ƒ-sIm-≠v- N-Xn-°p-gn- Xo¿-°p-∂-h¿- ˛ A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o≥

ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n- ss_-_n-fn¬-
Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-

15 C-{km-Cu-en-s≥-d- hntam-N-I-\mbn- I-S-∂p-h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- hyIv-Xn-sb- hn-h-£n-®p-sIm-≠v- an-in-l-sb-∂-

{]-tbm-Kw- ]-gb
- \
- n-ba- Ø
- n¬- F-hn-sS-bpw- ImWm-\n-√.- F-∂m¬- H-cp- "aninl'- h-cp-sa-∂- hn-izm-kw- blqZ¿-
°n-S-bn¬- \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p-sh-∂v- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Iv-X-amIp-∂p-≠v.

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18.
Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

kvY - m-]n-s®-Sp-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√- F∂v- ]-ecpw- X-cn-in-te-°v- \-bn-

hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- sX-‰m-b-n- [-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- °p-tºmƒ- a-X-߃-°v-
kw-hm-Zw- 3.- bm-Ym¿-Yy- ß - s - f- bm-Ym¿-Yy- ß - f - mbn- A-h- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-øp-∂- 4
a-\- -n-em-°p-I-bpw- F-∂m¬- hy-Iv-Xn-\n- l-cn-X- im-¥n-bp-sS- X-W¬-
jvT- ß- f - m-b- Nn-e- \n-£n-]X -v - Xm¬-]c - y-߃- \jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂v- Xn-cn-®-dn-™-
°p-th-≠n,-- a-\- n-em-°n-b- Im-cy-߃-°v- h¿- X-s∂-bm-Wv- Cu- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\m-
h-n-cp-≤-am-bn- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- hm-ZK - X- n-°m¿.- Jp¿-B≥- ]p-\¿-hm-b\ - °- v-
C-kv-e-m-an-\v- h-cp-sS- _p-≤n-°v- A-Sn-a-s∏-Sp-∂p.- hn-t[-ba - m-°W - s - a-∂v- hm-Zn-°p-∂h - ¿- A¿-
"]p-\¿-hm-b\'tbm? Y-am-°p-∂-Xpw- as‰m-∂-√-;- C-kv-em-an-I-
C-kv-em-an-s\- hn-a¿in-°p-I-bpw- A-]-
\nb-a-ß-fn-epw- k¶¬-]-ß-fn-epw- B-i-b-
]q¿-Wa - m-bpw- ssZ-hn-IX - - A-hI - m-is - ∏- l-kn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-cp-sS- kw-Jy-
ß-fn-ep-sa-√mw- ssZ-hn-I- am-¿K - Z- ¿-i\ - ß - ƒ-
Sm≥- I-gn-bp-∂- H-tc-sbm-cp- a-Xw,- B-[p- k-ao-]-Im-e-Øv- {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn- h¿-[n-®n-
°v- hn-cp-≤-hpw- hn-I-e-hp-am-b- A-gn-®p-]-
\n-I- Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- C-kv-emw- am-{X-am- cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- ap-kv-enw- \-m-a-[m-cn-I-fm-b-
Wn-Iƒ- B-hi - y-amWv- F-∂p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv.-
Wv.- sk-an-‰n-Iv- ]-c-º-c-bn-se- Cu- ssZ-hn- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-Zn-Iƒ,- ]p-tcm-K-a-\- cm-jv-{So-b-
C-kv-em-an-s\- Hcp- ]q¿-W- ssZ-hn-I-Z¿-i-
I-a-Xw,- B-[p-\n-I- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- Po-h¬- °m¿-,- kw-L-]-cn-hm-dn-s≥-d- {]-h-W-X-Iƒ-
\-sa-∂- co-Xn-bn¬- A-h-ew-_n-°p-∂-h¿-
{]-i\v- ß
- f - n¬- kPo-ha - m- b - n- C-Ss - ]-Sp-Ib - pw- °v- A-Sn-a - s ∏-S-p-∂- Iq-en-sb-gp-Øp-Im¿-
°p-ap-∂n¬- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d-bpw- C-kv-em-an-
\m-t\-m∑-pJ - ß - f - m-b- {]-iv\ - I - m-ep-jy-߃- F∂n-ß-s\- Cu- ]-´n-I- \o-≠-Xm-Wv.- aX-
s≥-db - pw- ]p\¿-hm-b\ - - kzo-Im-cy-am-b- Hcm-
°v- ]-cn-lm-cw- I-s≠-Øp-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂p.- \n- c - t ]£- k- a q- l - Ø n- s e- _u- ≤ n- I -
i-b-ta- A-√.-
C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- k-a-{K-hpw- k-ºq¿-W-hpw- {]mXn-\n-[yw- D-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-
im-kv-{Xo-b-hp-am-b- Po-hn-X-ho-£-W-Ø-n- Ckve - m-an-s\-bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d- B-ib - ß - s - f "th-Z-ß-fp-sS- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\' F-∂-
s≥-d- -{]m-[m-\yw- Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-hm-\pw- Dƒ- bpw- t\-cn-´v- hn-a¿-in-°m-sX- h-f-™-h-gn- Bi-bw- 1920I-fn¬- bq-tdm-∏n¬- hn-I-kn-
s°m-≈p-hm-\pw- h¿-Ø-am-\-Im-e-L-´-Øn- bn-eq-sS- k-ao-]n-°p-∂- th-sd- Nn-ec - pap-≠v.- ®p-h-∂-Xv- a-X-hn-cp-≤-am-b- ho-£-W-ß-fp-
se- ]-e- kz-X{- ¥- Nn-¥I - ¿-°pw- ]-et- ∏m-gpw- C-S-Xp-]-£- \m-Sy-ß-fpw- _u-≤n-I- ]p-tcm- sS- `-m-K-am-bm-Wv.- bq-tdm-]y≥- \m-kv-Xn-I-
km-[n-°m-sX- h-cp-∂-Xn-\v- Nn-e- Im-c-W- K-a-\-Øn-s≥-d- aq-Sp-]-S-ß-fp-ap-≈- C-Ø-c- hm-Zn-I-fpw- F-Xo-kv-‰p-I-fpw- dm-j-W-en-kv-
ß-fp-≠v.- ]-Xn-\m-emw- \q-‰m-≠n-\v- ap-ºv- B- °m¿- Jp¿-B\ - n-\pw- C-ke v- m-an-I- B-ib - - ‰p-If- pw- A-S° - a - p-≈h - ¿- ss_-_nƒ- ]p-\¿-
hn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏-´- H-c-p- a-X-am-Wv- C-kv-em- ߃-°pw- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\- B-h-iy-am-Wv- hm-b-\-°v- hn-t[-b-am-°-W-sa-∂v- B-h-iy-
sa-∂pw- A-Xv- Xn-I® - pw- \n-ivN - e - a - m-b- H-cp F∂pw- k-a-Im-en--I-am-b- B-i-b-`-m-jy- s∏-´p.- th-Z_ - l - n-jI v- c - W
- w- ]p-tcm-Ka - \ - h- m-
hy-h-kv-Yn-Xn-bp-sS- Po¿-Wn-®- A-h-in-jv-S- ߃- B-hn-jv-Ic - n-®p-sIm-≠v- h¿-Øa - m-\- Z-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- {]-h-W-X-I-fn¬-
Iq-ºm-ca - m-sW-∂pw- N-e\ - m-Xa v- I - h - pw- ]p-tcm- Im-eØ - n-s≥-d- H-gp-°n-te-°v- C-kv-em-an-s\- H-∂m-bn-Ø-o¿-∂-t∏mƒ- bq-tdm-]y≥- ss{I-
K-a-\m-Xv-a-I-hp-am-b- km-aq-ly-k-¶¬-]-ß h-gn-Xn-cn-®v- hnS-W-sa-∂p-am-Wv- C-∂v- hmZn- kv-X-hn-I-X-°v- A-Xn-s≥-d- A-¥x-k-Ø-
ƒ-°v- A-Xv- hn-cp-≤-am-sW-∂pw- A-h-Im-i- ®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- \jv-S-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ]-n-∂o-Sv- hn-tam-
s∏-´p-sIm-≠v- ta¬-]d - ™- - kz-X{- ¥- Nn-¥- N\- ssZ-h-im-kv-{X- Nn-¥-I-fp-sS- B-hn¿-
C-kve - m-an-s≥-d- hn-a¿i-Ic - p-sS- G-‰h - pw-
I¿- C-kv-em-an-s\- A-h-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- `m-h-tØm-sS- th-Z-ß-fp-sS- ]p-\¿-hm-b-
h-en-b- t]-Sn-kz-]v-\w- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥-
]n∂n-ep-≈- Im-c-W-߃- C-h-bm-Wv.- \hm-Zw- a-‰p-Nn-e- am-\-߃-Iq-Sn- kzo-I-cn-
F-∂- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-am-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-
®p-sIm-≠v- hn-]p-ea - m-bn-Øo- c - p-Ib - p-≠m-bn.-
1.- C-ke v- m-an-s≥-d- A-[ym-]\ - ß - s - f- icn- s∂- hn-a¿-i-I-cpw- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\m-hm-Z-°m-
Cu- h-kv-Xp-XI - f - p-sS- sh-fn-®Ø - n¬,- C-kv-
bm-bn- a-\- -n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬- A-h¿-°v- kw- cp-sa-√mw- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-
`-hn-®- A-]m-I-X-Iƒ-˛ A-°m-Z-an-Iv- hn-Zym- em-an-s≥-d- th-Z{- K-\Y v- a - m-b- Jp¿-B≥- ]p\¿-
B{I-an-°m≥- {i-an-°p-∂X - v- Im-Wmw.- Jp¿-
`ym-k-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- D-]-cn-π-h-am-b- a-X-]T- hm-b-\-°v- hn-t[-b-am-°-W-sa-∂v- H-cmƒ-
B-\n-\v- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\-bpw-
\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- C-kv-em- ]d-bp-∂X - n-s≥-d- i-cn-bm-b- A¿-Yw,- C-kv-
kv{Xo-]-£-hm-b-\-bpw- C-S-Xp-]-£- ]p-\¿-
an-s\- k-ao-]n-°p-Ib - pw- h-kvX - p-\n-jvT - - ]-T em-an-s\- X-I¿-Øv- Xcn-∏W - a- m-°W - s - a-∂p-
hm-b-\-bpw- a-X-\n-c-t]-£-hm-b-\-bpw- `mc-
\-ß-sf-°mƒ- hn-a¿-i-\m-Xv-a-I- kz-`m-h-ap- X-s∂-bm-sW-∂v- a-\- -n-em-°m≥- h-en-b-
Xo-bh - m-b\ - b- pw- \n¿-tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠v- C-kv-
≈- c-N\ - I - s - f- A-he - w-_n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp- {]-bm-k-an-√.- "]m-T-t`-Zw'- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®-
em-an-s≥-d- ssZ-h-n-I-\-∑-s°-Xn-cm-b,-- X-ß-
∂-Xn-s≥-d- ^ - e - a
- m-Wv- C-kve - m-an-s\- a-\ n- "ap-kv-enw- kp-lr-Øn-\v'- F-∂- {]-tXy-I-
fp-sS- i-{Xp-Xm-]-c-am-b- B-i-b-k-a-c-sØ-
em-°p-∂-Xn¬- kw-`-h-n-°p-∂- A-]m-I- ]-Xn-∏n¬- -l-ao-Zv- tN-µ-aw-K-√q¿- F-gp-Xn-b-
bpw- h-{I-am- b - - hn-a¿-i\ - k-ao-]\ - s
- Ø-bpw-
XIƒ.- "B-Xv-a-\n-jv-T-am-b- a-X-\n-c-t]-£-X-bn-te-
Nm-bw-]q-ip-∂-Xn-\v- C-h-cn¬- ]-e-cpw- kao-
°v- D-b-cpI' F-∂- te-J-\-Øn¬- C-{]-Im-
2.- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]-Im-e-Øv- {i-an-®p-Im-Wp-∂p.- th-Z-ß-sf-
cw- Fgp-Xp-∂p-:-
]n¥p-Wb - pw- ]p-tcm-Ka - \ - - tN-cn-bp-sS- ]£- ]m-sS- \n-cm-I-cn°p-I-bpw- A-Xn-eq-sS- a-X
hpw- {]m-Xn-\n-[y-hpw- e-`n-°p-∂-X-n-\p-th- Øn-s≥-d- \-s´-√v- X-®p-XI - ¿-Øv- A-hs - b- ""th- Z - { K- \ v - Y - Ø n- s ≥- d - A- ¥ n- a - h ym-
≠n- C-kv-em-an-s\- hn-a¿-in-°p-∂-Xv- H-cp- \n-ew-]-cn-im-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- a-X-hn- Jym\w- \-S-∂p-I-gn-™n-´n-√- F-∂- h-kv-
\-b-am-bn- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂- {]-h-W-X.- C-kv- cp≤- t]m-cm-´-Øn-s≥-d- Xo-{h-X-Ip-d-™- Xp-X- ap-∂n¬-sh-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- ap-kv-enw-
em-an-s\-°-p-dn-®v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-ß- Hcp- cq-]w- am-{X-am-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- Iƒ- {]-i\ v- ß- s-f- k-ao-]n-t°-≠X - .-v- Hm-tcm-
fmb- \m-ev- hn-a¿-i\ - ß - ƒ- \-SØ - m-Ø- Hcp- ]p\¿-hm-b-\m-hm-Zw.- th-Z-sØ- t\-cn-´v- X-e-ap-db - pw- A-Xv- t\-Sn-b- h-nP - vR - m-\Ø - n-
_p-≤n-Po-hn-°pw- Nn-¥I - \ - pw- F-gp-Øp-Imc- B{I-an-°m-sX- A-h-sb- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\- s≥-d-bpw- A-\p-`-h-ß-fp-sS-bpw- sh-fn-®-
\pw- A-hs - ≥-d- ]p-tcmK-a\ - ] - c - a - m-b- kzXzw- bpsS- h-gn-bn-eq-sS- A¿-Yc - m-ln-Xy-Øn-s≥d- Øn¬- a-X-sØ-bpw- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-ß-sf-bpw-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
]-p\¿-hym-Jym-\n-t°-≠X - p-≠'v '- (]m-Tt- `Zw:-
2003 HIv-tSm-_-¿-˛Un-kw-_¿,- t]-Pv- 19).-
ss{I-kv-X-h- a-X-k-¶¬-]-ß-fp-sS-bpw-
th-Z-]-iv-Nm-Ø-e-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-
\-Øn¬- D-b¿-∂p-h-∂- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\- ˛
]p\¿-hym-Jym-\w- F-∂- ho-£-Ww-,- C-kv
em-ap-am-bn- _-\v[ - s
- ∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - pw- C-kve - m-
an-\-Xv- _m-[-I-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm¬-
AXn-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-Ia - m-b- kp-c£ - n-XX - z-hpw
`-{Z-Xb- pw- X-Ic - p-sa-∂X - n¬- c-≠p-]£ - a - n-√.-
Jp¿-B≥- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\-°v- hn-t[-b-am-°-
W-sa-∂v- ]-d-™m¬,- a-X-\n-c-t]-£-hm-Zn-
I-fpw- ]p-tcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-I-fpw- ssZh-\n-tj-
[n-I-fpw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xp-{]-Im-cw- A-Xn-se- h-
N-\-ß-sf-bpw- \n-b-a-ß-sf-bpw- B-hn-jv-
I-cn-°p-I-bpw- {I-ao-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- th-W-
sa-∂m-W¿-Yw.- I-gn-™- ]-Xn-\m-ev- \q-‰m-
≠p-Im-ew- A-\yq-\-am-bn- \n-e-\n-∂n-´p-≈-
Jp¿-B-\n¬-\n-∂v- Nn-e- h-N-\-߃- F-Un-
‰v- sN-bvX- v- am-‰n- H-cp- ]-cn-jvI - r-X- Jp¿-B≥-
D-≠m-°W - sa-∂-v ]-db - p-∂X - p-t]m-se- _-m-
en-i-hpw- \n-c¿-Y-I-hp-am-Wv.- Jp¿-B-\n-se-
h-N\ - ß- s - f- ]q¿-hI - m-e- apkve - nw- ]W - v-Un-
X∑m-cpw- k-aq-l-hpw- kzo-I-cn-®-Xn¬-\n-
∂pw- hm-bn-®n-´v- Dƒ-s°m-≠-Xn¬-\n-∂pw-
am-dn-\n-∂p-sIm-≠v- hm-bn-°-W-sa-∂- v- ]-d-
bp-∂-Xpw- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- ]p-
\¿-hm-b-\-hm-Zw- D-∂-bn-°p-∂-h¿-°v- Jp¿-
B≥- F-¥m-sW-∂pw- C-kv-emw- F-¥m-
sW-∂pw- a-\  - n-em-bn-´n-√- F-∂X - m-Wv- A-
Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-b- bm-Ym¿-Yy-w.- "]p-\¿-hm-
b-\-b-√,- Jp¿-B-\n-\pw- C-kv-em-an-\pw- B-
h-iyw-˛ ]p-\-cp-≤m-c-W-hpw- ]p\x-kzo-I-c-
W-hp-am-Wv'- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-s\-°p- d - n-®p-
t]m-epw- ho-≠pw- ho-≠pw- B-tem-Nn-t°-≠-
Xp-≠v- F-∂X - m-Wv- ]-ca - m¿-Yw- .-
A-_v-Zp¿-d-Du-^v-,-H-‰-∏m-ew-
*****
tPym-Xv-ky-hpw-
tPym-Xn-i-m-kv-{X-hpw-
tPym-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- H-cp- im-kv-{X-am-Wv.-
F-∂m¬- A-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv- tPym-Xvky
hpw- F-∂- hn-izm-k-am-Wv- hn-Zym-k-º-∂-
cm-b- ]-ec- p-sS-bpw- [m-cW- .- \-Ωp-sS- hnZym-
`ym-kØ - n¬- ]-Ømw-Xc - w-hs- c- tPym-Xn-im-
kv-{X- ]-T-\-Ø-n-\v- th-≠-{X- kv-Ym-\-an-√m-
Ø-Xpw- Cu- [m-c-W-°v- H-cp- {]-[m-\- Imc-
W-am-Wv.- ssl-kv-Iqƒ- ]-T-\-Im-e-Øv-
tPym-Xn-im-kv{- Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂X - v- A-Xn¬-
tI-h-e-[m-c-W-t]m-epw- C-√m-Ø-h-cm-Wv-
F-∂-Xpw- H-cp- {]-[m-\- Im-c-W-am-Wv.-
Ncn{Xw- ]-Tn-®-h-cm-Wv- tPy-m-{K-^n ]-Tn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv-!-
a-s‰m-∂v- C-h-bp-sS- {I-aw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-
em-Wv.- c-≠n-epw- Im-Wp-∂-Xv- \-h-{K-l-am-
Wv.- F-∂m¬- tPymXv-ky-Øn-se- \-h-{K-l-
ß-fn¬- kq-cy-≥,- N-{µ-≥,-- cm-lp,- tI-Xp-
F∂n-h- {K-l-ß-f-√.- _m-°n- A-s©-Æw-
am-{X-sa- {K-l-a-m-bn-´p-≈q.-
kq-cy≥- H-cp- {K-l-a-√,- \-£-{X-am-sW-
∂v- c-≠mw-X-c-Øn-se- Ip-´n-°v- t]m-ep-a-dn-
bmw.-- N-{µ≥- D-]{- K-la - m-sW-∂v- \m-emw-Xcw-
ap-X-epw- ]-Tn∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- cm-lp-hpw-
tIXp-hpam-I-s´-- H-cp- k-¶¬-]-hpw.-
ssl-kv-Iqƒ-X-e-Øn-se¶n-epw- H-cp-
Xmc-X-ay-]-T-\-Øn-\v- A-h-k-cw- In-´p-I-bm-
sW- ¶ n¬- Ip- s d- s bm- s °- am- ‰ - ß ƒ-
ImWpw.- bp-dm-\-kpw- s\-]v-Syq-Wpw- πq-t´m-
bpw- tPymXvk - y-Øn¬- I-S∂ - p-hc - m-ØX - v- A-
°m-eØ - v- C-hs - b-°p- d - n-®v- [m-cW - b - n-√m- Ø- -
Xp-sIm-≠-m-Wv.-
tPym-Xn--im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- a-d-hn¬- D-
Sse-Sp-Ø- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- X-´n-∏v- tPymXv-
kyw-X-s∂.- ssI-t\m-´-w,-- ]-√n-sNm-√-¬-,- In-
fn- t Pym- X v - k yw,- km- a p- { Zn- I - e- £ - W w,-
πms©-‰v,- A-I-hpw- ]p-d-hpw- t\m-°¬,-
iIp-\w,- ap-lq¿-Øw,- Kp-fn-I-Im-ew,- cm-lp-
Im-ew- t\m-°¬- Xp-S-ßn- F-Æ-Øn¬- HSp-
ßm-Ø- X-´n-∏p-Iƒs°-√mw- ]n-∂n¬- im-
kv-{Xw- F-∂v- tN¿-Ø-t∏mƒ- hn-izm-kn-
Ifpw- Iq-Sn.-
A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂- Cu- hn-izm-kw- Dd-
®- H-cmƒ-°v- am-dn-®-n-¥n-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√.-
]Øn¬- ]-Øv- s]m-cp-Ø-hpw- tN¿-∂v-
Ieym-Ww-I-gn-®v- H-cm-gv-N-I-gn-™v- C-W-I-
fn¬- H-cmƒ- a-cn-®-m-epw- hn-izm-kn-°v- hn-izm-
k-Øn-ep-≈- hn-izm-kw- am-dp-Ib - p-an-√.- \qdn-
sem-∂v- H-Øm¬- A-h≥- A-Xv- ]m-Sn- \-S°p-
I-bpw- sN-øpw.-
]m-c-º-cy-am-bn- -In-´p-∂- hn-izm-kw- A
h≥- ap-dp-sI- ]n-Sn-°pw.- sX-‰m-sW-∂v- 99i-
X-am-\w- hn-izm-k-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- a-‰p-≈-h¿-
F-¥v- ]-d-bpw- F-∂- t]-Sn- A-hs\- th-´-
bm-Spw.- - tPym¬-ky-{]-Im-cw- {In-b-Iƒ- sN-
bvX- n-´v- F-¥v- tZm-jw- h-∂m-epw- {]-iv\
sN-øm-sX- h-√X - pw- kw-`h - n-®m¬- A-hs
k-aq-lw- A-h-s\- F-∂pw- Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Øpw.-
Cu- t]-Sn- A-h-s\- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-ß-fn-
te-°v- \-bn-°pw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- tPymXn-
im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- G-‰-hpw- D-b¿-∂- ]-Tn-Xm-
°ƒ-t]m-epw- C-Xn-\v- I-gp-Øv- \o-´n-s°m-
Sp-°p∂-Xv.- - a-‰p- {K-lß - f - n-te-°p-≈- {]-bm-
W-Øn-epw- tX-ß- DS-®pw- \n¿-hn-Kv-\- k-
am-]vX - n-°v- K-W] - X - n-
]q-P- \-S-Øn-bpw- bm-{X-
b-b-°pw.- A-h- im-¥-k-ap- 5
{Z-Øn-s≥-d- A-Km-[-X-bn¬- Iq-
∏v- Ip-Øn-bm¬- - A-h- `q-an-bn¬- ho-
Wv- \m-i-ap-≠m-°m-Ø-Xv- B- {]Xn-{In-
b-bp-sS- i-Iv-Xn-bm-Wv- F-∂v- hym-Jm-\n-°p-
tºmƒ-- \-Ωƒ- X-e-bm-´p-∂p!-
C-Xm-Wv- s\m-k{v- SmU-ak - v- ap-X¬- D-Æn-
Ir-jv-W-∏-Wn-°¿-h-sc-bp-≈-h-cp-sS- 99
iX-am-\w- {]-hN - \ - ß-fp-sS-bpw- I-Y.- b - mZr-
—n-I-am-bn- - G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-∂v- H-Øm¬-
AXv- H-cp- hm¿-Ø-bm-°p-w-.- ]-Wn-°¿,--
2006h-sc- hm-Pvt]-bn- `-cn-°pw- F-∂p-]-d-
™p-,- tXm-‰-t∏mƒ- A-Xv- hm¿-Ø-b-m-bn-√.-
P-b-e-fn-X- ]-≠v- P-bn-®-Xv- h-ey- hm¿-Ø-
bm-bn-cp-∂p.- tkm-Wn-b-tbm,- hm-Pv-t]-bn-
tbm- {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- tPym
Xvk- y-∑m-cp-sS- A-hI - m-ih - m-Zw-sIm-≠v- ]pd-
Øn-dß - m≥- ]-‰n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- C-h¿-°v- B¿-
°pw- a≥-tam-l≥-knw-Kv- {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bm-
hpw- F-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- I-gn-bm-Xn-cp-∂-Xpw-
AXv- hm¿-Øm-bm-hm-ØX - pw- C-Xp-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂.-
C-Xn¬- G-sd- c-k-I-cw- cm-lp-Im-ew-
t\m-°-em-Wv.- Zn-h-k-hpw- H-∂-c-a-Wn-°q¿-
cm-lp-Im-ea - m-Wv.- A-ar-Xw- Ip-Sn-°m≥- {_m-
lv-a-W-th-j-Øn¬- H-ckp-c-≥- h-∂p.- B-
A-kp-cs - \- hn-jvW - p-N{I-sa-dn-™v- sIm-∂v-
c-≠v- I-jv-W-am-°n.- A-h- tN¿-∂v- ]m-ºm-
bn-- .-Xe- b- p-≈- I-jW v- w- cm-lp,-- a-t‰-Xv- tIXp-
˛F-∂mWv- ]p-cm-WØ - n¬ ]-db - p-∂X - v.- Cu-
hn-izm-ka - m-Wv- {K-lW - - k-ab - Ø - v- ]pd-Øn-
dß-cp-Xv,- `-£-Ww- I-gn-°-cp-Xv,- Cu- k-a-
b-ß-fn¬- bm-{X- t]m-I-cp-Xv- F-s∂ √mw-
]-d-bp-∂-Xn-\p- ]n-∂n¬.-
c-≠m-wt- em-I- a-lm-bp-≤Ø - n¬- ln-tcm-
jn-a-bn¬- a-cn-®-h-sc-√mw- H-tc- \-£-{X-
Øn¬- ]n-d-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-t∂m?- \m-K-k-m-
°nbn-¬-- a-cn-®-hsc-√mw- H-tc- Pm-X-I-°m-
cpw- _w-•m-tZ-in¬- Np-g-en-°m-‰n¬- a-c-W-
a-S-™-h-sc-√mw- H-tc- im-¥n-ap-lq¿-Ø-
Øn¬- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- H-tc- sa≥-k-kv-Zn-\-{I-
aw- ]m-en-®v- H-tc- Zn-h-kw- C-h-cp-sS- AWv-
- a- n√.- Uw- ]p-d-Øp- h-∂v- \m-gn-I-˛ hn-\m-gn-I- sX-
- ≥d- ‰m-sX- H-tc-k-a-b-Øv- tbm-Pn-®v- {]-k-hn-®v-
h-f¿-∂v- H-tc- {]m-ba - m-bh- c- m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬,-
As√-¶n¬- -- A-h¿-s°-√mw- Htc -\m-sf-¶n-
ep-a- m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- \-ap-°v- hn-iz-kn-°m-
am-bn-cp-∂p.--
_m-e-Ir-jv-W-≥ ]p¬-]m-d,-a-e-∏p-dw-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

Xn-cp-sam-gn- 6

A-K-v\n-bn¬- ]m-dn-ho-gp-∂-
-C-ømw-]m-‰-Iƒ--
˛ A_q-ap-^o-Zv-

kz^n-ø(-- J)-- \n-th-Z-\w:- \-_n-(A)]-d-™p-:- ""h-√-h-\pw- tPym-’y-s≥-d- A-Sp-

Øp- sN-√p-I-bpw F-s¥-¶n-e-pw- tNm-Zn-°-p-I-bpw- A-h≥- ]-d-™-Xn-s\- k-Xy- ap-kv-enw-
s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm¬- A-h-s≥-d- \m¬-]-Xp- Zn-h-k-sØ- \-a-kv-Im-cw- kzo-
I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√''.---

`m-hn-sb-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-°-p-I-bpw- hym-Ip- H∂pw- sN-ø-m-Xn-cp-∂m¬- ap-Sn-™p-t]m- ]n-®v- A-h-cp-sS- {]-h-N-\-sØ-- k-Xy-s∏-Sp-
e-s∏-Sp-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂- G-I- Po-hn- a-\pjy- Int√-!- A-hn-sS-bpw- sa-®w- `m-hn- {N-h-Nn®- Øn-bm¬- A-h-s≥-d- \m¬-]-Xp-Zn-h-k-sX-
\m-Wv.- \-s√m-cp- tPm-en- e-`n-°p-tam?- hnhm- h-\v-.- \- a - k v - I m- c w- A- √ m- l p- kzo- I - c n- ° n- √ -
lw- F-∂-p- \-S-°pw?- X-s≥-d- B-i-I-sf- C-ß-s\- `m-hn-sb-°p-dn-®p--≈- hym-Ip- F∂m-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-S-p-Ø- \-_n-h-N-
√mw- k^-e-am-Ip-tam?- Zo¿-Lm-bp- p-≠m- e-XI - f- p-w- tam-lß - f - p-am-bn- ]-Wh - pw- Pohn- \-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- a-s-‰m-cp- dn-t∏m¿-´n¬-
Ip-t-am?- h-√- hn-]-Øpw- t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-cp- X-hpw- Xp-e-bv-°p-∂- C-ømw-]m-‰-Iƒ- \-ap- A-h≥- hn-ip-≤- Jq¿-B-\n¬- A-hn-iz-kn-
tam?- C- ß - s \- \n- c - h - [ n- tNm- Z y- ß ƒ- °p- Np-‰pw- F-ºm-Sp-ap-≠v.- Pm-X-I-sam-°m- ®-h-\m-Wv- F-∂m-Wp-≈-Xv.-
D≈n¬- sh®-p-sIm-≠p-\-S-°p-∂h-\m-Wv- - Ø-Xn-\m¬- hn-hm-lw- a-p-S-ßp-∂p.- \-√- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- P-\-\w- ap-X¬- a-c-Ww-
a-\p-jy≥-.- A-Xn-s≥-d-sb-√mw- D-Ø-c-a-dn- aplq¿-Øw- Im-Wm-Ø-Xn-\m¬- ]-e- Im- hsc-bp-≈- Im-cy-ßs - f-emw- ss-Zh - h - n-[n-°-
bm≥- A-S-ßm-Ø- sIm-Xn- A-h-\p-≠m-bn- cy-ß-fpw- \o-´n-\o-´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p;- \p-k-r-X-a-m-bm-Wv- \-S-°p-∂-Xv.- A-h-s≥-d-
cn-°p- w.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂- A-sX-√mw- {]- As√-¶n¬- ap-S-ßp-∂p.- i-Ip-\w- t\m-°m- hn-[n-bn¬-\n-∂v- H-fn-t®m-Sm≥- B¿-°pw-
h-Nn-°p-∂-h-cp-s≠-∂p- tIƒ-°p-tºmƒ- sX- H-cp- \-√- Im-cy-hpw- sN-øn-√.- H-cp- Idp- Ign-bn-√.- A-h≥- hn-[n-®X - v- A-Xn-s≥-d- ka-
A-h-cp-sS-b-Sp-°-te-°v- A-h≥- Hm-Sn-s®-√p- Ø- ]q-®- hn-e-ß-p-Nm-S-n-bm¬- bm-{X- XpS¿- b-Øv- kw-`h - n-°pw.- I¿-aw- sN-øe - m-Wv- a\p-
∂p;- hn-f° - p- I-≠- C-ømw-]m-‰I -- s
- f-t∏-ms - e.- ∂p-Iq-Sm-!- Ip-‰n-®q-fm≥- F-∂- ]-£n-°v- jy-s≥--d I¿-Ø-hyw.- ^-ew- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv-
tPym-’y-t\m,- ssIt\m-´-°m-c-t\m,- i–-ap-≠m-°n-°q-Sm-!- H-s°-bpw- A-]- {k-jv-Sm-hm-Wv.- Cu- hn-izm-kw- D-±n-jv-S-Im-
apJ-e-£-Ww- ]-d-bp-∂-h-t\m- Bƒ-ssZ- iIp\w-!- cyw- \-S-°p-tºmƒ- a-\p-jy-s\- A-l-¶m-
hw- N-a-™-p- \-S-°p-∂-h-t\m,- I-]-S-kn-≤- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- A-\-[ v- -hn-iz-m-k-ß- cn-b-√m-Xm-°p-∂p.- D-±n-jv-S-^-ew- e-`n-°m-
t\m.....-Cß - s - \-bp-≈- B-cp-am-hs - ´- A-h\v- fpw- A-_≤ - [- m-cW - I - f
- q-w- sh-®p-]p-e¿-Øp- Xn-cp-∂m¬- \n-c-m-i-\m-I-m-sX- ssZ-h-hn-[n-
Im-W-s∏-´- ssZ-h-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.- A-h-cp- ∂-Xn¬- Pm-X-n-˛a-X- hy-Xym-k-an-√.- - A¬- sb-∂p- I-cp-Xn- k-am-[m-\a - S- b
- p-∂h - \- m-°n-
sS- hm-bn¬-\n-\pw- X-s≥-d- `m-hn-sb-°-p-dn- ]-hn-izm-kn-I-sfm-s°- A-Xn-s≥-d- A-Sn-a-I- A-h-s\- am-‰p-I-bpw- s-N-ø-p-∂p.- hn-ip-≤-
®p- ≈ - {]- h - N - \ w- tIƒ- ° m≥- Ah≥- fm-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
AXym¿-Øn- Im-Wn-°p-∂p.- k-t¥m-j-I- F-∂m¬- C-sX-√mw- C-ke v- m-an-I- hn-izm- ""A-h-s≥-d- ]-°-em-Ip-∂p- A-Zr-iy-
c-am-b- {]-h-N-\-߃- tIƒ-°p-tº-mƒ- k-{]-am-W-߃-°v- hn-cp-≤-am-Wv.- {]-]-©- ⁄m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Xm-t°m-ep-Iƒ.- A-h-\-
Ah≥- kw-X-r-]v-X-\m-Ip-∂p.- \n-iv-Nn-X- sØ- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xv- {k-j-Sv- m-hm-Wv.- √m-sX- A-h- A-dn-bp-Ib - n-√.- I-cb - n-epw- IS-
^okn-s\-°mƒ- h-en-b- Xp-I- \¬-In- {]h- Hmtcm-Po-hn-bp-sS-bpw- `m-K-t[-bw- \n¿-W- en-ep-ap-≈-Xv- A-h≥- A-dn-bp-∂p-.- A-h-\-
N-\-°m-sc- {]o-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- A-h≥- bn-°p-∂-Xv- A-h-\m-Wv.- A-Xn¬- \-£-{X- dn-bm-sX- H-cp- C-e t]m-epw- ho-gp-∂n-√.- `qan-
Xbm-dm-hp-∂p.- A¬-]w- tam-i-am-Wv- `m-hn- ߃-t°-m- {K-lß - ƒ-t°m- b-ms - Xm-cp- ]¶p- bn-se- C-cp-´p-Iƒ-°p-≈n-se- H-cp- [m-\y-a-
F-∂- \n-e-bv-°m-Wv- {]-h-N-\-sa-¶ntem?- an-√.- A-Zr-iy-Im-cy-ß-ƒ- A-dn-bp-∂-h≥- Wn-bm-Is - ´-,- ]-®t- bm- D-Wß - n- b - t- Xm- Bb-
A-Xn-\v- ]-cn-lm-c{- In-bI- ƒ- sN-øW - w!- Hcp- Ah-\m-Wv.- A-X-p-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- `m-hn- G-sXm-cp- h-kX v- p-hm-Is - ´- ,- hy-‡a - m-b- Hcp-
]m-Sv- sN-e-hp-h-cpw.- km-c-an-√.- tZm-jw- {]h-Nn-°p-∂-h-sc- k-ao-]n-°¬- C-kv-emw- tc-Jb - n¬- F-gp-Xs - ∏-´X
- m-bn-´√ - m-sX- D-≠m-
\oßn-°n-t´-t≠?- ]-W-s®-e-hp-I-cp-Xn- hn-e° - n.- H-cp- ap-ke v- nw- A-Øc - °
- m-sc- kao- h-n-√-''-(6:-59).-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-....-

\-Ωn-ep-≠-m-bn-cn-t°-≠- k-Zv-Kp-W-߃-

"kXyhnizmknItf, \n߃ A√mlpsh kq£nt°≠ apd{]Imcw kq£n°pI. \n߃ apkvenwIfmbn

s°m≠√msX acn°m\nSbmIcpXv' (Jp¿-B≥- 3: 102).-
"A√mlphnepw A¥yZn\Ønepw ae°pIfnepw thZ{KŸØnepw {]hmNI∑mcnepw hnizkn°pIbpw
kzØnt\mSv {]nbap≠mbn´pw AXv _‘p°ƒ°pw A\mYIƒ°pw AKXnIƒ°pw hgnt]m°\pw tNmZn®p
hcp∂h¿°pw ASnatamN\Øn\pw \¬IpIbpw {]m¿Y-\ apd{]Imcw \n¿hln°pIbpw kImØv \¬IpIbpw
Icmdnte¿s]-´m¬ AXv \ndth‰pIbpw hnjaXIfpw ZpcnXßfpw t\cnSptºmgpw bp≤cwKØpw £assIs°m
ff-pIbpw sNbvXhcmtcm AhcmIp∂p ]pWyhm∑m¿. AhcmIp∂p kXyw ]men®h¿. Ah¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p
kq£vaXbp≈h¿' (Jp¿-B≥- 2: 177).-
"\n߃ \oXn ]men°pI. AXmWv [¿a\njvTtbmSv G‰hpw ASpØXv. \n߃ A√mlphns\ kq£n
°pI' (Jp¿-B≥- 5: 8).-
"\n߃ kXyw ]dbWw. F¥psIms≠∂m¬ kXyw ]pWyØnte°pw ]pWyw kz¿KØnte°pw FØn
°p∂p. a\pjy≥ kXyw ]dbpIbpw kXyw ioen°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ A√mlphns≥d ASp°¬ kXyhm≥
F∂v FgpXs∏Spw' (ap-kv-enw-).-
"XßfpsS A\maØpIfpw IcmdpIfpw ]men°p∂hcpw XßfpsS \akvImc߃ IrXyambn A\pjvTn
°p∂hcpas{X (B hnizmknIƒ)-' (Jp¿-B≥- 23: 8,9).-
"£a ssIs°m≈p∂hcpw kXyw ]men°p∂hcpw `b`IvXnbp≈hcpw sNehgn°p∂hcpw cm{XnbpsS
A¥ybmaßfn¬ ]m]tamN\w tXSp∂hcpamIp∂p Ah¿ (kXyhnizmknIƒ)' (Jp¿-B≥- 3:17).-
"kt¥mjmhkvYbnepw hnjamhkvYbnepw Zm\[¿a߃ sNøpIbpw tIm]w HXp°nsh°pIbpw
a\pjy¿°v am∏p\¬IpIbpw sNøp∂h¿°pth≠n(bp≈XmIp∂p kz¿Kw). k¬I-¿aImcnIsf A√mlp
kvt\ln°p∂p' (Jp¿-B≥- 3: 134).-
"Ah¿ A√mlphnepw A¥yZn\Ønepw hnizkn°pIbpw kZmNmcw I¬]n°pIbpw ZpcmNmcØn¬
\n∂p hne°pIbpw \√Imcyßfn¬ AXyp¬kmlw ImWn°pIbpw sNøpw. Ah¿ kPvP\ßfn¬s]´
hcmIp∂p' (Jp¿-B≥- 3: 114).-
"]pWyØnepw [¿a\njvTbnepw \n߃ At\ym\yw klmbn°pI. ]m]Ønepw AXn{IaØnepw \n߃
At\ym\yw klIcn°cpXv. \n߃ A√mlphns\ kq£n°pI-' (Jp¿-B≥- 5: 2).-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

"kXyhnizmknIƒ (]ckv]cw) ktlmZc߃ Xs∂bmIp∂p. AXn\m¬ \nßfpsS c≠p ktlmZc߃

°nSbn¬ \n߃ cRvPn∏p≠m°pI. \n߃ A√mlphns\ kq£n°pIbpw sNøpI. \n߃°v ImcpWyw
e`nt®°mw-' (Jp¿-B≥- 49:10).-
"X߃°v Zmcn{Zyap≠mbm¬t]mepw kztZlßsf°mƒ a‰p≈h¿°v Ah¿ {]m[m\yw \¬IpIbpw
sNøpw. GsXmcmƒ Xs≥d a\ ns≥d ]nip°n¬\n∂v ImØpc£n°s∏´pthm AØc°m¿ Xs∂bmIp∂p
hnPbw {]m]n®h¿-' (Jp¿-B≥- 59: 9).-
aplΩZv \_n (A) ]d™p: "k¬kz`mhßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWØn\mWv Rm≥ \ntbmKn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv'
(am-en-Iv,- Alv-aZv-).-
"ImcpWyw FSpØpam‰s∏SpI lX`mKy\n¬\n∂p am{XamWv' (Alv-aZv-,- Xp¿-ap-Zn-).-
"Hcmƒ Xs‚ ktlmZcs≥d Akm∂n[-yØn¬ AbmfpsS A`nam\kwc£WØn\pth≠n {]bXv\n®m¬
Abmsf \cIhnapIvX\m°¬ A√mlphns≥d _m[yXbmbn-' (ss_lJn-).-
"krjvSnIƒ A√mlphns≥d B{inXcmWv. Xs≥d B{inX¿°v D]Imcw sNbvXpsImSp°p∂hcmWv
A√mlphn\v G‰hpw CjvSs∏´h¿' (ss_lJn-).-
ssZhZqX≥ A«oew ]dbpItbm \oNhrØnbnte¿s]-SpItbm AßmSnIfn¬ tImemleap≠m°pItbm
sNbvXncp∂n√. Xn∑sb Xn∑sIm≠v t\cn´ncp∂Xpan√. adn®v,- am∏p\¬IpIbpw hn´phogvN ImWn°pIbpamWv
sNbvXncp∂Xv' (Xp¿-ap-Zn-).-
"\_n(A) tcmKnIsf kµ¿in°pIbpw aønØns\ kwkvIcn°phm≥ sIm≠pt]mI-ptºmƒ A\pKan°pI
bpw ASnaIfpsS £WwkzoIcn°pIbpw IgpX∏pdØv bm{X sNøpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p-' (ss_lJn,- C_v-
\p-am-P).-
"A_vZp√mln_v\p lmcnkv (O) ]dbp∂p: "ssZhZqXs\°mƒ (A) A[nIambn ]p©ncnXqIp∂ Hcmsf
bpw Rm≥ I≠n´n√' (Xp¿-apZn-).-
"]pWyw k¬kz`mhamWv; ]m]w,- \ns≥d lrZbØn¬ kwibw tXm∂pIbpw P\߃ ImWp∂Xv \o
CjvSs∏SmXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂ Imcy-tatXm AXmWv' (ap-kv-enw-).-
"kXyhnizmkn kmXznI\pw am\y\pambncn°pw. ssZh[n°mcn h©I\pw am\yXbn√mØh\pambncn°pw'
(Alv-aZv,- Xp¿-ap-Zn,- A_q-Zm-hq-Zv-).-
"a¬]nSpØØn¬ A]cs\ X≈nbnSp∂XneqsSb√ iIvXs\ Xocpam\nt°≠Xv. tZjywhcptºmƒ
kz¥w a\ ns\ Iogvs∏SpØp∂h\mWv iIvX≥' (_p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-).-
"hn¬°ptºmgpw hmßptºmgpw ISwsImSpØXv Xncn®ptNmZn°ptºmgpw hn´phogvNma\kvYnXn ImWn
°p∂ a\pjyt\mSv A√mlp IcpWsNøs´' (_p-Jm-cn-).-
"\nßfmcpw Ah\h\v CjvSs∏Sp∂Xv kzktlmZc∂pw CjvSs∏Sp∂Xphsc bYm¿Y- hnizmknbmhp
Ibn√' (_p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-).-
"G‰hpw t{ijvTambkacw A{Ianbmb `cWm[nImcnbpsS apºn¬ \oXnbpsS hm°p]dbemWv-' (A_q-
Zm-hq-Zv,- Xp¿-ap-Zn-).-
"\o Idn ]mIwsNøptºmƒ Ipd®[nIw sh≈w\o´n Ab¬°mcs\bpw ]cnKWn°pI' (ap-kv-enw-).-
"\Ωn¬ sNdnbht\mSv IcpWImWn°mØh\pw henbhs\ BZcn°mØh\pw \ΩpsS Iq´Øne√
Dƒs∏SpI-' (A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- Xp¿-ap-Zn-).-
"£asb°mƒ DØahpw hnimehpamb Hcp Zm\w Hcmƒ°pw \¬Is∏´n´n√' (_p-Jm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-).-
"A√mlp \nßfpsS cq]Øntet°m kºØntet°m A√ t\m°p∂Xv. Ah≥ t\m°p∂Xv \nßfpsS
a\ nte°pw {]h¿Ø\ßfnte°pamWv' (ap-kv-enw-).-
"\n\°v BtcmKyap≠mbncn°pIbpw \ns∂ ]nip°v_m[n°pIbpw \o Zmcn{ZysØ `bs∏SpIbpw
kº∂Xsb Imw£n°pIbpw sNøp∂ L´Øn¬ \o sNøp∂ Zm\amWv G‰hpa[nIw {]Xn^-ew e`n°p∂
Zm\w' (_pJm-cn,- ap-kv-enw-).-
"NXnb\pw ]nip°\pw sNbvX D]Imc߃ FSpØp]dbp∂h\pw kz¿KØn¬ {]thin°pIbn√' (Xp¿apZn).-
\mw- kz-bw- hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-\v- k-∂-≤-am-h-p-I.- Cu- h-N\-߃- \¬-Ip-∂- ]m-T-߃- Dƒ-s°m-≠-v ap-t∂m-´p-
t]m-Ip-h-m≥- {]-t_m-[-I¿- X-b-m-dm-h-p-I.- k¿-h-i-‡≥- k-lm-bn-°-s´˛B-ao-≥-.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
A-¥n-a{]hm-N-I≥- -
l-n-µp-a-X-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn-¬-
kv-t\-l-Pm≥-
tem-I-Øp-≈- C-X-c- a-X-{K-\v-Y-ß-
sf-sb-√mwt]m-se- ln-µp-aX - {- K-\vY-
ß-fpw- hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂- H-cp- alm
Nm-cy-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®- {]-h-N-\
ß-fpƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p-≠v.- ln-µp-a-X-
{K-\vY
- ß
- f
- n¬- c-≠p-Xc - w- a-l¬-hy-
Iv-Xn-I-sf-°-p-dn-®m-Wv- s]m-Xp-sh-
]cma¿-in-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X - v.- Ah
-Xm-c-ß-fpw- B-Nm-cy-∑m-cp-am-W-
h¿.- E-jn-I-sf-∂pw- a-l¿-jn-amsc-
∂pw- a-{¥-{Z-jv-Sm-°-sf-∂p-sa√mw-
hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- B-Nm-cy∑m-cm
Wv.- C-h-cp-sS- \m-aw- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-
{]-tbm-Kn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v- enJn-X- tc
J-I-tfm-Sv- _-\v-[-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-Wv.
9
B-Nm-cy-\pw- A-h-Xm-c-hpw-
tem-I-Øp-≈- C-X-c- a-X-{K-\v-Y-ß-sf-
sb-√mwt]m-se- ln-µp-a-X-{K-\v-Y-ß-fpw-
hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂- H-cp- a-lm-Nm-cy-s\- kw-_-
\v-[n-®- {]-h-N-\-ß-fpƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p-≠v.-
ln-µp- a-X-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn¬- c-≠p-X-cw- a-l¬-
hy- I v - X n- I - s f- ° - p - d n- ® m- W v - s]m- X p- s h-
]cma¿-in-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-h-Xm-c-ß-
fpw- B-Nm-cy-∑m-cp-am-Wh - ¿.- E-jn-Is - f-∂pw-
a-l¿-jn-am-sc-∂pw- a-{¥-{Z-jvS- m-°s - f-∂p-sa-
√mw- hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- B-Nm-cy-∑m-cm-Wv.-
C-h-cp-sS- \m-aw- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- {]-tbm-Kn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- en-Jn-X- tc-J-I-tfm-Sv- _-\v-[-s∏-
Sp-Øn-bm-Wv.- A-h-Xm-c-ß-sf-bm-h-s´- km-
aq-ly- Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v,- [¿-a-
kw-kvY - m-]\ - Ø- n-\p-th-≠n- {]-Xy-£s - ∏-Sp-
∂- a-l-Øp-°-fm-bm-Wv- ssl-µ-h-{K-\v-Y-
߃- \-ap-°v- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.-
Xn-I-®pw- hy-Xy-kv-X-ß-sf-∂v- H-‰-t\m´-
Øn¬- tXm-∂p-∂- Zu-Xy-ßf - m-Wv- BNmcy-
∑m¿-°pw- A-hX - m-cß - ƒ-°p-ap-≈X - .v - ]t£,-
B- c-≠v- k-¶¬-]ß - f - pw- Nn-eb - n-Sß- f - n-se-
¶n-epw- Iq-´n-ap-´p-∂-Xm-bn- \-ap-°v- Im-Wm≥-
I-gn-bpw.- D-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-\v- hym-k-a-l¿-jn-
bp-sS- Im-cy-sa-Sp-°p-I.- km-[m-c-W- ln-µp
°ƒ-°n-Sb - n¬- C-{X-b[ - n-Iw- ]cn-Nn-X\ - mb-
a-s‰m-cp- B-Nm-cy-\n-s√-∂X - m-Wv- h-kvX - p-X.-
th-Z-ß-sf- \m-em-bn- ]-Ip-Ø-Xpw- A-jv-Sm-
Z-i- ]p-cm-W-߃- c-Nn-®-Xpw- a-lm-`m-c-Xw-
F-gp-Xn-bX - p-sa-√mw- hym-ka - l- ¿-jn-bm-sW-
∂m-Wv- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- {io-a-lm-tZ-
ho- `m-K-h-Xw- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- C-cp-]-
Øn-bm-dv- A-h-Xm-c-ß-fn¬- hym-k-\pw- Dƒ-
s°m- ≈ p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ - Im- c yw- {]- t Xy- I w-
{it≤- b - a m- W v . - A- h - X m- c - k - ¶ ¬- ] - h pw-
BNm-cy-k-¶¬-]-hpw- Iq-´n-ap-´p-∂- A-]q¿-
hw- cw-K-ß-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv.- CXn¬-\n-∂v-
Cu- c-≠v- k-¶¬-]-ß-fpw- kam-¥-c-tc-J-
I-f-s√-∂v- \-ap-°v- a-\- n-em-°mw.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

Cu- a-{¥-Øn-ep-≈-X- v- E-jn-I-Wz-hw-i-Øn-ep-≈- h¬

k-I-Wz-a-l¿-jn-bm-Wv.- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- am-{X-sa- ssZ-h- 10
Øn-¶¬-\n-∂v- th-Z-Pv-Rm-\w- e-`n-®n-´p-≈q-sh-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv-
th-Z-X-Ø-z-߃-°v- hn-cp-≤-am-Wv.-\q-dn-e-[n-Iw- E-jn-am¿-°v- thZ-
Pv-Rm-\w- e-`n-®-Xm-bn- th-Z-ß-fn¬-X-s∂- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.-

a-lm-hn-jv-Wp-hn-s≥-d- A-h-Xm-c-ß-fn-
em-Wv- C-∂v- ssl-µh - ¿- s]m-Xp-hm-bn- hniz-
kn-°p-∂-Xv.- in-h-\pw- cp-{Z≥,- `-h≥,- a-lm-
Im-e≥,- A¿-[\ - m-co-iz-c≥- Xp-Sß - n-b- PUm-
hn-jv-Im-c-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂- ssi-h-
hn-izm-kw- C-∂v- {]m-_-ey-Øn-en-√.- a-lm-
hn-jv-Wp-hn-\v- ]-Øv- A-h-Xm-c-ß-fp-s≠-
∂m-Wv- s]m-Xp-hm-b- hn-izm-kw.- a-Xv-kyw,-
Iq¿-aw,- h-cm-lw,- \-ck - nw-lw,- hm-a\ - ≥,- ]c-
ip-cm-a≥,- {io-cm-a≥,- {io-Ir-jv-W≥,- _-e-
cm-a≥,- I¬-°n- F-∂n-h-cm-Wv- Z-im-h-Xm-c-
߃.- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn- {io-
a-lm-tZ-ho-`m-K-h-Xw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- a-lm-hn-
jv-Wp-hn-\v- C-cp-]-Øn-bm-dv- A-h-Xm-c-ß-fp-
≠v- F-∂m-Wv.- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- A-kw-Jyw- A-
h-Xm-c-ß-fp-s≠-∂pw- A-h-bn¬- {]-[m-\-
s∏-´-h- am-{X-am-Wv- ]-Øpw- C-cp-]-Øn-bm-
dp-am-bn- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-∂p-am-Wv-
]-Wv-Un-Xm-`n-{]m-bw.- "A-h-Xm-tc-ly- kmw-
tJy-b- l-tcx- k-Xz-\nt[¿-Zzn-Pm'- F-∂- `m-
K-hX- - h-N\ - {- ]-Im-ch - pw- A-hX - m-cß- ƒ- A-
kw-Jy-am-sW-∂v- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂p.- C-Xn¬- F-√m- A-`n-{]m-b-{]-Im-c-hpw-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- H-tc-sbm-cp- A-h-Xm-cw- am-
{X-ta-bp-≈q-˛ I¬-°n.- I¬-°n-bp-sS- Ah-
Xm-c-sØ-bpw- A-∂p-≠m-Ip-∂- kw-`-h-ß-
sf-bpw-Ip-dn-®v- hn-jv-Wp-]p-cm-W-Øn-epw-
I¬-°n-]p-cm-W-Øn-epw- hn-h-cn-°-s∏-´n-
´p≠v.-
A- h - k m- \ - s Ø- A- h - X m- c w- F- ∂ -
k¶¬-]Ø - n-\v- k-am-¥c - a
- m-bn- A-hk - m-\w-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- B-Nm-cy≥- F-∂- X-Ø-z-
tam- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-tfm- ln-µp-a-X- {K-\v-Y-ß-
fn-sem-∂pw- Im-Wm-\n-s√-∂-Xv- i-cn-bm-Wv.-
F-∂m¬,- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- kw-`h - ß
- s - f-°p-
dn-®v- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\-n-S-bn¬- {]-kv-Xp-X-
kw-`-h-ß-tfm-sSm-∏w- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-
BNm-cy-∑m-sc-°-p-dn-®- ]-cm-a¿-i-߃-
Ah-bn-ep-≠v.-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- B-Nm-cy-∑m-sc-bpw-
Ah-km-\-sØ- A-h-Xm-c-sØ-bpw- Ip-dn®v-
ln-µp-aX- {- K-\vY- ß- f- n¬- h-∂- ]-cm-a¿-iß - -
fn¬- Nn-e-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-(H)-sb-°-p-dn-
®p-≈-h-bm-sW-∂mWv-v a-\- n-em-°m≥- I-
gnbp-∂s - X-∂v- K-th-jW - ] - S- p-°f - m-b- ]Wv-
Un-X-∑m¿- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.- {]kv-Xp-
X- A-`n-{]m-b-߃- D-≤-cn-°p-I- am-{X-am-
Wv- C-hn-sS- sN-øp-∂-Xv.-
km-a-th-Z-Øn-se- A-l-an-[n-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-(H)-sb-°-p-dn-®m-Im≥-
km-[y-X-bp≈-sX-∂- cq-]-Øn¬- D-≤-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂- km-a-th-Z-Øn-se- H-cp- ]-cm-a¿-iw-
C-ß-s\-bm-Wv.-
A-l-an-[n- ]n-Xp-:- ]-cn-ta-[m-
ar-X-ky-P-{K-l-
A-lw- kq-cy- C-hm- P-\n-
(km-at- h-Zw-:- ]q¿-hm- ¿-®n-Iw.- sF-{µ-Im-
Wv-Uw,- N-Xp¿-Y-J-Wv-Uw,- t«mIw- ˛152).-
(A-lv-an-[n-\v- ]n-Xm-hn¬-\n-∂v- th-Z-Pv-
Rm-\w- e-`n-®p.- Cu- th-ZPv-Rm-\-ß-sfm-
s°-bpw- X-Ø-zw- \n-d-™-Xm-Wv.- kq-cy-
\n¬-\n-s∂-∂-t]m-se- Rm≥- A-h-\n¬-\n-
∂pw- {]-Im-iw- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂p).-
ap-lΩ - Z- v- \-_n-(H)-bp-sS- a-s‰m-cp- t]cm
b- A- l v - a - Z v - B- W v - Cu- h- N - \ - Ø n¬-
{]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈- A-lv-a-[n-sb-∂m-
Wv- C-Xv- A-t±-l-sØ-°p-dn-®v- {]-h-N-\-am-
sW-∂v- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-
cp-sS- ]-£w.- "]n-Xm-hv'- F-∂v- {]-tbm-Kn-
°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- P-K¬-]n-Xm-hv-˛ ]-S-®-
X-ºp-cm≥-˛ F-∂- A¿-Y-Øn-em-sW-∂pw-
A-h¿- A-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-Sp-∂p.- ap-lΩ
(H)-°v- ]-S-®-X-ºp-cm≥- \¬-In-b- th-Z-{K-
\v-Y-sØ-°-p-dn-®m-Wv- Cu- ]-cm-a¿-i-sa-∂-
]-Wv-Un-Xm-`n-{]m-bw- i-cn-bm-sW-¶n¬- A-
Xn-\p-ti-jw- ]-db - p-∂- Im-cy-ßf
t±-lØ - n¬- ]q¿-Øo- I - c- n-°s - ∏-´X- m-bn- \ap-
°v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bpw.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-
°v- e-`n-®- th-ZP - vR
- m-\s - Ø-t∏-ms
߃- \n-d-™- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fpƒ-s°m-≈p-
∂- a-s‰m-cp- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-hp-an-s√-∂-Xm-Wv-
hkv-Xp-X.- {]-Im-iw- \¬-Ip-∂- H-cp- hn-f-
°m-bn- ssZ-h-Øm¬- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-´-
G-I- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-X-
s∂.- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
""\_n-tb,- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- \n-s∂- \mw- Hcp-
km-£n-bpw- k-t¥m-jh - m¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-
∂-h-\pw- Xm-°o-Xp-Im-c-\pw- A-√m-lp-hn-
s≥-d- D-Ø-c-h-\p-k-cn-®v- A-h-¶-te-°v- £-
Wn-°p-∂-h-\pw- {]-Im-iw- \¬-Ip-∂- H-cp-
hn-f-°pam-bn-s°m-≠v- \n-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p''- (33:-45,- 46).-
Cu- km-a-th-Z- t«m-I-Øn-se- "A-l-
an-[n'-sb-∂- {]-tbm-K-Øn-\v- th-Z-]-Wv-Un-
X-∑m-cn¬- Nn-e¿- \¬-Ip-∂- A¿-Yw- "Al-
a-[n'- sb-∂m-Wv.- A-ß-s\-bm-Ip-tºmƒ-
D≤-cn-°-s∏-´- t«m-I-Øn-s≥-d- A¿-Y-w-
"Fs≥-d- ]n-Xm-hn¬-\n-∂p-≈- th-Z-Pv-Rm-
\w- F-\n-°v- am-{X-sa- e-`n-®n-´p≈q.- A-Xp-
sIm-≠v- Rm≥- kq-cy-s\-t∏-ms - e-bm-Ip-∂p'-
F-∂m-bn-Øo-cpw.- Cu- cq-]-Øn¬- A¿-Y-w-
\¬-Ip-∂-Xv- i-cn-b-√.- A-Xn-\v- c-≠v- Im-c-
W-ß-fp-≠v.- Cu- a-{¥-Øn-ep-≈-X- v- E-jn-
I-Wz-hw-iØ - n-ep-≈- h¬-kI - W - z-al
- ¿-jn-
bm-Wv.- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- am-{X-sa- ssZ-h-Øn-
¶¬-\n-∂v- th-Z-Pv-Rm-\w- e-`n-®n-´p-≈q-sh-
∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- th-Z-X-Ø-z-߃-°v- hn-cp-
≤-am-Wv.- \q-dn-e-[n-Iw- E-jn-am¿-°v- th-Z-Pv-
Rm-\w- e-`n-®-Xm-bn- th-Z-ß-fn¬-X-s∂- ]-
cm-a¿-in-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- Cu-
t«m-I-Øn-se- "A-l-an-[n'-sb-∂- {]-tbm-
K-Øn-\v- "A-l-a-[n'-sb-∂- A¿-Y-w- \¬-Ip-
∂-Xv- th-Z-X-Ø-z-߃-°v- hn-cp-≤-am-b- B-
i-b-Øn-\v- \n-an-Ø-am-Ipw.- c-≠m-a-Xm-bn-,-
Cu- a-{¥w- C-{µ-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®p-≈-Xm-
Wv.- "]n-Xm-hv'- F-∂- {]-tbm-Kw-sIm-≠p-≈-
- Z- v- \-_n-
hn-h£- - C-{µ-\m-sW-∂v- hm-Zn-°m-hp-∂X - m-
Wv.- A-t∏mƒ- C-{µ-s≥-d- G-I-]p-{X-\m-Wv-
h¬-k-I-Wz-a-l¿-jn-sb-∂v- ]-d-b-tb-≠-
Xm-bn-h-cpw.- C-Xpw- C-X-c- th-Z-`m-K-ß-fn-
- {- X-bpw- A-
se- ]-cm-a¿-iß - f - p-am-bn- ssh-cp-[yw- ]pe¿-
Øp-∂p.-
A-Xn-\m¬- "A-la - n-[n'-sb-∂- km-at- h-
- e- X-Øz-
Z-{]-tbm-Kw- H-cp- \m-a-sØ- Ip-dn-°p-∂p-sh-
∂pw- {]-kv-Xp-X- a-{¥-Øn-s≥-d- _m-°n-`m-
K-߃- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bn¬- ]q¿-W-am-
bn- tbm-Pn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬- Cu- {]-tbm-Kw-
sIm-≠v- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- a-s‰m-cp- t]-cmb-
"A-lv-a-Zv'- B-bn-cn-°mw- a-{¥-{Z-jv-Sm-hm-b-
E-jn- D-t±-in-®s - X-∂pw- \ym-ba - m-bpw- Duln-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
A-Y¿-h-th-Z-Øn-se- Ip-¥-]-kq-Iv-Xw-
A-Y¿-h-th-Zw- hnw-i- (C-cp-]-Xv)- Im-Wv-
Uw- 127˛mw- kq-Iv-X-Øn-se- t«m-I-ß-fm-
Wv- Ip-¥-]-kq-Iv-Xw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-
Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- kp-{]-[m-\-ß-fm-b- b-Pv-R-
th-Zn-I-fn¬- ]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m¿- B-e-]n-°m-
dp-s≠-¶n-epw- C-Xn-s≥-d- A¿-Y-w- h-f-sc-
\nKq-V-am-sW-∂m-Wv- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- ]-d-
bm-dp-≈-Xv.- kp-{]-kn-≤- C≥-tUm-f-Pn-kv-
‰p-I-fm-b- {Kn-^n-Øv,- am-Iv-kv-ap-≈¿,- ssh
‰v\n,- ªq-^o¬-Uv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-cpw- Ip-¥-
]-kq-Iv-Xw- H-cp- {]-tl-fn-I-bm-sW-∂v- Aw-
Ko-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.- `m-c-Xo-b-am-b- km-l-N-cy-
߃- sh-®p-sIm-≠v- Cu- kq-IvX - s - Ø- hym-
Jym-\n-°p-I- Zp-jI v- c
- a
- m-sW-∂X - n-\m-em-Wv-
C-h-sc-√mw-X-s∂- C-Xn-s\- A-Xn-\n-Kq-V-
am-bn- I-≠n-´p-≈-Xv.-
Ip-¥-]- kq-Iv-X-Øn-se- H-∂p-ap-X¬-
aq∂p-h-sc-bp-≈- t«m-I-߃- Im-Wp-I-:-
C-Zw- P-\m- D-]-{ip-X- \-cm-iw-k- kv-X-
hn-jy-tX-
j-jv-Snw- k-l-{km- \-h-Xnw- N- Iu-c-a-
A-cp-j- ta-jv-T- Z-Zv-a-tl-
D-jv-Sm- b-ky- {]-hm-ln-tWm- h-[p-
at¥m- Zzn-¿- Z-i-
h¿-jv-am- c-Y-ky- Pn-lo-U-tX- Zn-h-
Cuj-am-Wm- D-]m-kv-]r-ix-
G-jm- E-j-tb- am-a-tl- i-Xw- \n-jv-
Im≥- Z-i- {k-P-x-
{Xo-Wn- i-Xm-\y¿-h-Xmw- k-l-{km-Z-i-
tKm-\mw-
(A-Y¿-ht- h-Zw-,- hnw-iI - m-WU v- w- ˛kqIv-
Xw- 27,- t«m-Iw- 1˛3).-
(A-√-tbm- P-\-ß-tf,- \n-߃- _-lp-
am-\]- p-c 
- c- w- {i-≤n-°p-I.- kvX - p-Xy¿-l\ - m-
b-h≥- hm-gv-Ø-s∏-Spw.- A-dp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-
Øn- sXm-Æq-dv- i-{Xp-°-fp-sS- a-[y-Øn¬-
\n-∂v- \mw- A-t±-l-sØ- kz-o-I-cn-°pw.- A-
t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- hm-l-\w- C-cp-]-Xv- B¨-
s]¨- H-´-I-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.- A-t±-l-Øn-
s≥-d- a-l-Ø-zw- kz¿-K-tem-Iw-h-sc-sb-Øn-
A-Xn-s\- Xm-gv-Øpw.- A-h≥- am-am-E-jn-°v-
Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-sb-bm-Wv- ]-cm-a¿in-
°p-∂-sX-∂v- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- Xm-sg- ]d-
bp-∂- h-kv-Xp-X-I-fm-Wv- A-h-cp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-Øn\v- Dt]m¬-
_-e-I-am-bn- D-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv...........--
]-Øv- N-Xp-c-ß-fpw- \q-dv- kz¿-W- \m-W-b-
ß-fpw- ap-∂q-dv- A-d-_n-°-p-Xn-c-I-fpw- ]-Xn-
\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-°-fpw- \¬-Ipw).-
Cu- kq-IvX - w- ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _- n-(H)-sb-bm-
Wv- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂-sX-∂v- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-
Sp-∂- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- h-
kv-Xp-X-I-fm-Wv- A-h-cp-sS- A-`n-{]m-b-Øn
\v- D-t]m-¬-_-e-I-am-bn- D-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
H-∂v-:- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- hy-Iv-X-am-b- H-cp-
{]-h-N-\-apƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p-sh-∂v- C-Xn-se-
kw-t_m-[\ - c- o-Xn- hy-IvX - a- m-°p-∂p.- ""C-Zw-
P-\m- D-]-{ip-Xm''- (A-√-tbm- P-\-ß-tf,-- \n-
߃- _-lp-am-\- ]p-c- -cw- {i-≤n-°p-I)-
F-∂v- ]-d-™p-sIm-≠m-Wn-Xv- Xp-S-ßp-∂-
Xv.- N-Xp¿-th-Zß - f- n-se-hn-sS-bpw- C-tX-t]m-
se- P-\ß - s - f- {]-tXy-Ia - m-bn- kw-t_m-[\-
sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v- H-cp- Im-cy-hpw- ]-d-™n-
´n-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw-
P-\-߃- ap-gp-h-\pw- A-dn-tb-≠- H-cp- {]h-
N- \ - a pƒ- s °m- ≈ p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ v - C- X n- s ≥- d -
kwt_m-[-\-co-Xn- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p.-
c-≠v-:- C-hn-sS- "kv-Xp-Xy¿-l-\m-b-h≥'-
F-∂v- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-
"\cm-iw-k'-sb-∂- kw-kv-Ir-X- ]-Z-am-Wv.-
Cu- ]-Z-Øn-\v- "kv-Xp-Xn-bpw- {]-iw-k-bpw-
b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- A¿-ln-°p-∂-h≥'- F-∂v-
A¿-Y-w- ]-d-bmw.- "ap-l-Ω-Zv'- F-∂- A-d-_n-
kw-Pv-Rm-\m-a-Øn-s≥-d- A¿-Y-w- "kv-Xp-Xn-
°- s ∏- S p- ∂ - h ≥- ' - F- ∂ p- X - s ∂- b m- W v . -
AYhm- "ap-l-Ω-Zv'- F-∂- A-d-_n- kw-Pv-
Rm-\m-a-Øn-\v- Xp-ey-am-b- kw-kv-Ir-X- ]-
Z-am-Wv- "\-cm-iw-k'.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- C-Xv-
apl-Ω-Zv- \-_n-(H)-sb-°-p-dn-®m-sW-∂v- a\-
 n-em-°mw.
aq-∂v-:- "\-cm-iw-k'-sb-∂- kw-Pv-Rm-
\ma-Øn-\v- ti-jw- {]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-
"kv-X-hn-jy-tX'- F-∂- ]-Zw- H-cp- kw-kv-Ir-
X- `m-hn-Im-e- {In-b-bm-Wv.- "A-h≥- hm-gv-
Ø-s∏-Spw'- F-∂m-Wv- Cu- ]-Z-Øn-\¿-Y-w.-
A-Y¿-h-th-Z-Im-e-Øn-\v- ti-jw- "\-cm-iw
k'- F-∂v- t]-cm-b- B-sc-¶n-epw- tem-I-N-
cn-{X-Øn¬- hm-gv-Ø-s∏-´-Xm-bn- \mw- Im-
Wp-∂n-√;- - ap-lΩ - Z- v- \-_n-(H)-b√ - m-sX.- Cu-
11
t]¿- X-s∂- `m-c-X-Øn-tem- a-t‰-sX-¶n-epw-
tZ-it- Øm- {]-Nm-cØ - n-en-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-
Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- "\-cm-iw-k'-sb-∂v- t]-
cp-≈- H-cm-sf-bpw- \-ap-°v- ]p-cm-tW-Xn-lm-
k-ß-fn-sem-∂pw- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-∂n-√.-
ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _- n-(H)-°v- ap-ºv- A-td-_y-bn-epw-
B¿-°pw-X-s∂- B- t]-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.-
A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- "\-cm-iw-k kvX-hn-
jy-tX'-sb-∂- h-N-\w-sIm-≠v- a-{¥-{Z-jv-Sm-
hv- A¿-Y-am-°n-b-Xv- "ap-l-Ω-Zv- hmgv-Ø-s∏-
Spw'- F-∂m-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂v- A-\p-am-\n-°m-
hp-∂X - m-Wv.- Cu- {]-hN - \- Ø
- n-\p-ti-jw- P-
\n-®-h-cn¬- G‰-h-p-a-[n-Iw- hm-gv-Ø-s∏-´n-´p-
≈-Xpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-X-s∂.- e-£-°-
W°n-\v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Zn-t\-\- \a-kv-Im-c-
ß-fn-epw- A-√m-sX-bpw- ap-lΩ - Z- n-(H)-s≥-d-
t]-sc-Sp-Øv- ]-d-™v- hm-gv-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-
°p-∂p.- k-Xy-k-\v-[-am-bn- N-cn-{X-sØ- k-
ao-]n-®- A-ap-kv-enw- _p-≤n-Po-hn-I-fpw- ap-
l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-sb- ]p-I-gv-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.-
tem-I-N-cn-{X-sØ- G-‰-hp-a-[n-Iw- kzm-[o-
\n-®- a-l¬-hy-Iv-Xn-I-fn¬- {]-Y-a-K-W-\o-
b-\m-bn- ]-p-Igv-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-
_n-(H)-bm-sW-∂- Im-cyw- kp-hn-Zn-X-am-
W-t√m.-
\m-ev-:- Cu- kq-Iv-X-Øn¬- A-dp-]-Xn-\m-
bn-cØ- n- sXm-Æq-dv- i-{Xp-°s - f-°p- d - n-®v- ]d-
™n-cn-°p-∂p.- {]-hm-NI - - Im-eL - ´- Ø - n-se-
a-°-bn-se- P-\-kw-Jy- A-dp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-
Øn-\pw- F-gp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn-\p-an-S-°m-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv- hn-Z-Kv-[-m-`n-{]m-bw.- A-h-
cn¬- an-°-h-cpw- i-{Xp-°ƒ-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-
∂p-h-t√m.- i-{Xp-°-fp-sS- kw-Jy-bm-bn- A-
Y¿-h-th-Z-Øn¬- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂- A-dp-]-
Xn-\m-bn-cØ - n- sXm-Æq-dv- F-∂- kw-Jy-t]m-
epw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bn¬- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-
°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂v- km-cw.-
A-©v-:- Ip-¥-]-kq-Iv-X-Øn-se- H-∂m-a-
sØ- t«m-I-Øn¬- "\-cm-iw-k'-sb- hn-ti-
jn-∏n-°p-hm≥- th-≠n- D-]-tbm-Kn-®- ]-Z-am-
Wv- "Iu-c-a'.- Cu- ]-Zw- H-cp- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-
cn-bp-sS- \m-a-am-sW-∂- cq-]-Øn-em-Wv- ]e-
t∏m-gpw- ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm-dp-≈-Xv.- b-Ym¿-
Y-Øn¬- "Iu-c-a'-sb-∂- ]-Zw- H-cp- \m-a-hn-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
ti-j-am-Wv.- "k-am-[m-\-sØ- t{]m-Xv-km-
ln-∏n-°p-I-bpw- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-
∂-h≥' F-∂m-Wv- Cu- ]-Z-Øn-\¿-Y-w.- F-
√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-°v- tbm-
Pn-°p-∂- H-cp- hn-ti-jW - a - m-Wn-sX-∂X - n¬-
kw-i-b-an-√.- P-m-Xo-b-hpw- h¿-Ko-b-hpw- h¿-
W-]-c-hp-am-bn- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂- kv-]¿-[-I-
sf-√mw- C-√m-bv-a- sN-bv-Xv- ]-c-kv-]-c-ap-≈-
km-tlm-Z-cy-hpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- D-d-∏v- hcp-
Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw-
hnP-bn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- hy-Iv-Xn-bm-
Wt±lw.- B- A¿-Y-Øn¬- "k-am-[m-\-
sØ- {]-Nc - n-∏n-®h - ≥'- F-∂v- ap-lΩ - Z- v\- _n-
(H)-sb- hn-fn-°m-hp-∂X - m-Wv.- "C-ke v- mw'- F-
∂- ]-Z-Øn-\v- "k-a¿-]-Ww',- "k-am-[m-\w-'-
F-∂n-ß-s\- A¿-Y-ß-fp-≠v.- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-
\v- kz-¥s - Ø- k-ºq¿-Wa - m-bn- k-a¿-]n- ° - p-
I-h-gn- I-c-K-X-am-Ip-∂- k-am-[m-\-am-Wv- C-
kv-emw- F-∂v- ]-d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- C-kv-em-
am-Ip-∂- k-am-[m-\-sØ- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-
\pw- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-hm-\pw-th-≠n- B-K-
X-am-b-h≥- F-∂- A¿-Y-Øn-em-bn-cn-°mw-
th-Z{- Z-jvS- m-hv- "Iu-ca - '-sb-∂v- hn-fn-®s - X-∂v-
\ym-b-am-bpw- A-\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
B-dv-:- Ip-¥-]- kq-Iv-X-Øn-se- c-≠m-a-
sØ- a-{¥w- "\-cm-iw-k'-s\-°-p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-
∂-Xv- "h-[p- a-t¥m- Zzn-Z¿-i-'-sb-∂m-Wv.- C-
Xn-s\- c-≠v- cq-]Ø - n¬- ]-cn-`m-js - ∏-Sp-Øm-
sa-∂v- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
H-∂v,- A-t±-l-sØ-bpw- `m-cy-am-sc-bpw- H-´-
Iw- ]q´n-b- c-Yw- h-ln-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv.-
c-≠-a-tØ-Xv- A-t±-l-sØ- H-´-I-sØ-bpw-
C-W-sb-bpw- ]q´n-b- c-Yw- h-ln-°p-∂p-sh-
∂m-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bp-sS- {]-[m-\-
s∏-´- hm-l\ - w- H-´I - a- m-bn-cp-∂p-ht- √m.- (Cu-
kq-Iv-X-Øn¬- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-
Hcn-°e - pw- H-cp- C-¥y-°m-c\ - m-Im≥- km[y-
X-bn-s√-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- hy-Iv-X-am-hp-∂-Xv-
Chn-sS-bm-Wv.- ln-µp-°ƒ-°n-S-bn¬- \n-e-
\n∂n-cp-∂- \n-b-a-{]-I-m-cw- H-´-I-bm-{X-bpw-
]m-epw- {_m-lv-a-W¿-°v- \n-jn-≤-am-bn-cp-
∂p.- "H-´-I-∏p-d-tØm- I-gp-X-∏p-d-tØm- bm-
{X- sN-øp-∂X - pw- \-Kv\ - \ - m-bn- kv\- m-\w- sN-
øp-∂X - pw- {_m-lva - W- s - \- A-ip-≤\ - m-°pw'-
P-m-Xo-b-hpw- h¿-Ko-b-hpw- h¿-W-]-c-hp-am-bn- \n-e-\n-
∂n-cp-∂- kv-]¿-[-I-sf-√mw- C-√m-bv-a- sN-bv-Xv- ]-c-kv-]-c-
ap-≈- km-tlm-Z-cy-hpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- D-d-∏p-hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-
th-≠n- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-I-bpw- hnP-bn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- hy-Iv-Xn-
bm-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n.--
(a-\p-kv-ar-Xn- 11:-201) F-∂m-Wv- a-\p-kv-ar-
Xn-bp-sS- hn-[n).- \-_n-(H)-X-s≥-d- `m-cy-am-
tcm-sSm-∏w- H-´I - ∏- p-dØ - v- bm-{X- sN-bvX - X - m-
bn- \-ap-°-dn-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- "`m-cy-am¿'-
F∂- {]-tbm-Kw- {]-tXy-Iw- {i-t≤-ba - m-Wv.-
\-_n-(H)-bp-sS- _-lp-`m-cy-Xzw- {]kn-≤-am-
W-t√m.- Cu- kq-Iv-X-Øn-\v- \¬-Im-hp-∂-
c-≠v- A¿-Y{- ]-Im-ch - pw- C-Xv- ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _ - n-
(H)-bp-sS- Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn- ]q¿-W-am-b-
tbmPn-∏v- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.-
G-gv-:- "A-h-s≥-d- a-l-Ø-zw- kz¿-K-
temIw- h-sc-sb-Øn- A-Xn-s\- Xm-gv-Øpw'-
F∂v- ]-d-™-Xv- H-∂p-In¬- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\_n-
(H)-bp-sS- a-l-Ø-z-sØ- D-b¿-Øn-°m-Wn-
°p-hm-t\m- A-Xs - √-¶n¬- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥d-
B-Im-im-tcm-l-W-(an-Av-dm-Pv)-sØ-Ip-dn-
°p-hm-t\m- B-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂v- Du-ln-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
F-´v-:- Ip-¥-]-kq-Iv-X-Øn-s≥-d- aq-∂m-a-
sØ- a-{¥-Øn¬- E-jn-bp-sS- t]-cv- ]-d™ - n-
cn-°p-∂-Xv "am-am-E-jn'-sb-∂m-Wv.- `m-c-Xo-
b- ]p-cm-Wß - f- n-sem-∂pw-Xs - ∂- am-am-Ej - n-
sb-∂- t]-cp-≈- H-cp- B-Nm-cy-s\-°-p-dn-®v-
]-cm-a¿-i-ß-sfm-∂pw-X-s∂-bn-√.- A-Xp-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂- `-m-c-Xo-b- N-cn-{X-Øn¬-
amam-E-jn-sb- sX-c-bp-∂-Xv- hy¿-Y-am-Wv.-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- F-∂- ]-Z-am-bn-cn-°mw- a-{¥-{Z-jv-
Sm-hm-b- E-jn- am-am-E-jn-sb-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v-
hn-h-£n-®-sX-∂v- \ym-b-am-bpw- A-\p-am-\n-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- sk-an-‰n-Iv- \m-a-߃- `mc-
Xo- b - `m- j - I - f n- t e- ° v - ]- c m- h ¿- Ø - \ w-
sNøp-tºmƒ- D-®m-c-W- am-‰-ß-fp-≠m-hpI-
kzm-`m-hn-I-am-W-t√m.-
H≥-]-Xv-:- a-m-am-E-jn-°v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂-
Xm-bn- Ip-¥-]-kq-Iv-X-Øn¬- B-Zyw- ]-d-
bp-∂-Xv- ]-Øv- N-Xp-c-ß-fm-Wv.- C-Xv- ap-l-
Ω-Zv\
- _- n-(H)-bp-sS- G-‰h - pw- A-Sp-Ø- ]-Øv-
A-\p-N-c-∑m-sc-°-p-dn-®m-Im-sa-∂v- A-\p-am-
\n- ° m- h p- ∂ - X m- W v ; - kz¿- K w- s Im- ≠ v -
kt¥m-j-hm¿-Ø-b-dn-bn-°-s∏-´- a-lm-∑m-
cm-b- ]-Øv- kz-lm-_n-Iƒ.-- "Z-i-{k-Px'-
sb∂- {]-tbm-K-Øn-\v- "]-Øv- lm-c-߃'-
F- t ∂m- "]- Ø v - N- X p- c - ß ƒ'- F- t ∂m-
12
A¿Yw- ]-db - m-hp-∂X - m-Wv.- {]-hm-NI - s
- ≥d-
P-o-hn-X-Øn-\v- Xm-ßpw- X-W-ep-am-bn-cp-∂,-
C-kv-em-an-\v- th-≠n- Xym-K-߃- k-ln-®-
]-Øp-t]¿- X-s∂-bm-h-Ww- "Z-i-{k-Px'-
F∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- D-t±-in-°-s∏-´-Xv.-
]-Øv-:- am-am-E-jn-°v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-
bn- ]n-∂o-Sv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- \q-dv- kz¿-W-\mW-
ß-fm-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-tbm-sSm-∏w-
Xym-K-߃- k-ln-®- B-Zy-Im-e- k-Jm-°-
sf- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-hm≥-th-≠n-bm-h-Ww- \qdv-
kz¿-W-\m-W-b-߃- F-∂v- {]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv.-
F-√m-hn-[- {]-bm-k-ß-sf-bpw- A-Xn-Po-hn-
°p-hm≥- t]m-∂- B-Xva - o-b- i-IvX - n-sb- kq-
Nn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- kz¿-W-sa-∂- {]-tbm-Kw-
`m-c-Xo-b- km-ln-Xy-Øn¬- km-[m-c-W-bm-
bn- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.- X-ß-fp-sS- BXv-
ao-b- i-Iv-Xn-sIm-≠v- i-{Xp-°-fp-sS- ]oU-
\ß-sf-bpw- A-{I-a-ß-sf-bpw- A-Xn-Po-hn-
°p-I-bpw- kz-¥w- \m-Spw- ho-Sp-ap-t]-£n-
®v- A-_v-ko-\n-b-bn-te-°v- ]-em-b-\w- sN-
bv-Xv- kz-¥w- B-Z¿-iw- kw-c-£n-°p-I-bpw-
sN-bX v- - \q-dv- kz-lm-_n-Is - f- D-t±-in-®p-sIm-
≠p-X-s∂-bm-h-Ww- \q-dv- kz¿-W-\m-W-b-
߃- F-∂v- {]-tbm-Kn-®-sX-∂v- A-\p-am-\n-
°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
]-Xn-s\m-∂v-:- lm-c-ß-fpw- kz¿-W-\m-
W-ß-fpw- Iq-Sm-sX- ap-∂q-dv- A-d-_n-°p-Xn-
c-I-sf-bpw- am-am-E-jn-°v- \¬-Ip-sa-∂v-
Ip¥-]-kq-Iv-X-Øn¬- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.-
{]-hm-NI - N
- c- n-{X-Øn-se- {]-kn-≤a - m-b- {]Y-
a-bp-≤-Øn¬- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- ho-c-cm-b- k-Jm-
°-sf- D-t±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww- A-
d-_n-°p-Xn-c-Iƒ- F-∂v- a-{¥-{Z-jv-Sm-hmb-
E-jn- ]-d-™-Xv.- _-Z¿- bp-≤-Øn¬- ]-s¶-
Sp-Ø-Xv- ap-∂q-‰n-∏-Xn-aq-∂v- kz-lm-_n-Ifm-
bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m.- C-Xn¬- A-hn-Nm-cn-X- Im-
c-W-ß-fm¬- bp-≤w- sN-øm≥- I-gn-bm-Xn-
cp-∂- F-´p-t]-sc-bpw- bp-≤a - m-cw-`n-°p-∂X - n-
\v- ap-ºv- sIm-√-s∏-´- H-cm-sf-bpw- \m-ev- _m-
e-∑m-sc-bpw- In-gn-®m¬- _m-°n- F-Æw- Ir-
Xyw- ap-∂q-dv- X-s∂.- ap-∂q-dv- A-d-_n-°p-
Xn-c-Iƒ- F-∂- {]-tbm-Kw- A-h-sc-°-p-dn-®v-
X-s∂-bm-Im-\m-Wv- km-[y-X.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
]-{¥-≠v-:- A-h-km-\-am-bn-,- am-am-E-jn-
°v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-
°-fm-sW-∂m-Wv- Ip-¥-]-kq-Iv-Xw- ]-d-bp-
∂-Xv.- a-°m-hn-Pb - - k-ab- Ø - v- {]-hm-NI - t- \m-
sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂- ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- kz-lm-
_n-Is - f- D-t±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw- ]-Xn-
\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-°ƒ- F-∂v- {]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv.-
A-h¿- A-∂v- ku-ay-cpw- im-¥-cp-am-bn-cp-
∂p-h-t√m.- ]-ip-hn-\p-≈- kw-kv-Ir-X-]-Z-am-
b- "tKm'- \n-jv-]-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- "bp-≤-
Øn-\v- t]m-hp-I'-sb-∂v- A¿-Y-w-h-cp-∂-
"Ku'- F- ∂ - {In- b - b n¬- \ n- ∂ m- s W- ∂ -
Imcyw- {]-tXy-Iw- {]-kvX - m-hy-am-Wv.- Bcy-
bp-≤-ß-fp-sS- e-£yw- ]-ip-°-sf- kz-¥-
am-°-em-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw- ]-ip-hn-\v-
"tKm'-sb-∂- t]-cv- h-∂-sX-∂m-Wv- ]-Wv-
UnX-a-Xw.- "]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-°ƒ'- F∂-
{]tbm-Kw- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- tbm-≤m-
°-fm-b- ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- kz-lm-_n-Iƒ-°v-
tbm-Pn-°p-sa-∂¿-Y-w.-
C-ß-s\- \n-Kq-V-sa-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-
A-Y¿-ht- h-ZØ - n-se- Ip-¥] - k- q-IvX
- Ø- n¬-
]-d™- n-´p-≈- Im-cy-ßs - f-√mw- X-s∂- apl-
Ω-Zv\ - _- n-(H)-bn¬- ]q¿Øo-Ic - n-°s- ∏-Sp-∂-
Xm-bn- \-ap-°v- a-\- -n-em-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂p.-
"Ip-¥-]'-sa-∂- ]-Zw-X-s∂- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-
bpam-bn- _-\v-[-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂-Xm-Wv- hm-
kv-X-hw.- "D-Z-c-Øn-se- {K-\v-Yn'-sb-∂m-Wv-
Cu- ]-Z-Øn-\¿-Y-w.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bp-
sS- P-∑-\m-Sn-s≥-d- t]-cm-b- "a-°'-sb-∂-
Ad-_n-]-Z-Øn-\v- "D-Z-cw'- F-∂p-Iq-Sn- A¿-
Y-ap-≠v.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- "Ip-¥-]-kq-
Iv-Xw'- F-∂-Xn-\v- ]-I-cw- "a-°m-kq-Iv-Xw'-
F-∂v- ]-db - p-∂X - v- sX-‰√- .- A-Y¿-ht- h-ZØ - n-
se- a-°m-kq-IvX - Ø - n-se- ]-cm-a¿-iß - ƒ- ap-
l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bp-sS- {]-hm-N-I-Po-hn-X-hp-
am-bn- tbm-Pn-°p-∂-Xv- Xn-I-®pw- bm-Zr-Nv-On-
I-am-bm-sW-∂-v I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv- Xn-I-™- A-
\v-[-X-b-√m-sX- a-s‰m-∂p-a-√.-
hym-k-al¿-jn-bp-sS- {]-h-N-\w-
hym-k-a-l¿-jn-bpw- ssl-µ-h-Z¿-i-\-
hpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-[-sØ-°p-dn-®v- kqNn-
∏n-®p-h-t√m.- B-Nm-cy-\pw- A-h-Xm-c-hp-
Bcy-bp-≤-ß-fp-sS- e-£yw- ]-ip-°-sf- kz-¥-am-°-
em-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw- ]-ip-hn-\v- "tKm'-sb-∂- t]-cv- 13
h-∂-sX-∂m-Wv- ]-Wv-UnX-a-Xw.- "]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-°ƒ'-
F∂- {]tbm-Kw- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- tbm-≤m-°-fm-b- ]-Xn-\m-
bn-cw- kz-lm-_n-Iƒ-°v- tbm-Pn-°p-sa-∂¿-Y-w.-
ambn- hy-h-l-cn-°-s∏-´- hy-Iv-Xn-bm-Wv-
At±-lw.- ]p-cm-W-ß-fn¬- {]-[m-\-s∏-´-
Ajv-Sm-Z-i- ]p-cm-W-߃- hym-k-s≥-d- cN-
\-bm-sW-∂m-Wv- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-
Cu- ]-Xn-s\-s´-ÆØ - n¬- `m-hn-Im-cy-ßs - f-
°-pd- n-®- {]-hN- \- ß
- f - pƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- ]p-cm-
W-am-Wv- `-hn-jy¬-]p-cm-Ww.- Cu- ]p-cm-
W-Øn¬- ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _ - n-(H)-sb-°p- d - n-®v- hy-
IvX
- a- m-b- Nn-e- {]-hN - \ - ß- f- p-≠v.- `-hn-jy¬-
]p-cm-Ww- {]-Xn-k¿-K- ]¿-h-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-
∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
G-X- kv-an-∂-¥-tc- tæ-O- B-Nm-tcy-W-
k-a-\zn-X-
a-lm-aZ- - C-Xn-Jym-Zx- in-jy- im-Jm- ka-
\zn-Xw-
(`-hn-jy¬- ]p-cm-Ww-:- {]-Xn-k¿-K-]¿-
hw- aq-∂mw- Im-Wv-Uw- aq-∂mw- A-[ym-bw-
t«m-Iw- 5).-
(A-t∏mƒ- a-lm-aZ- v- F-∂- t]-cn¬- hntZ-
in-bm-b- H-cp- B-Nm-cy≥- X-s≥-d- A-\p-N-
c-∑m-tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Spw).-
Cu- {]-h-N-\-Øn¬- "a-lm-a-Zv'- F-∂p-
X-s∂- t]-sc-Sp-Øv- ]-d-™-Xv- {]-tXy-Iw-
{i-t≤-b-am-Wv.- C-Xn-\v- ti-j-ap-≈- t«m-I-
߃- t`m-P-cm-Pm-hp-am-bn- "a-lm-a-Zv'- F-∂-
a-lm-Nm-cy-s\- _-\[ v- s - ∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-≠p-≈-
X-m-Wv.- A-Xv- \-ap-°v- C-ß-s\- hm-bn-°mw:-
\r-]m-iv-tN-h- a-lm-tZ-h- a-cp-kv-Y-e- \n-
hm-kn-\w-
Kw-Km-P-sse-iv-N- kw-kv-\m-]yw- ]-©-
K-hy- k-a-\zn-ssXx-
N-µ-\m-Zn-`n-c-`y¿- Nr-Xp-jv-S- ha-\-km-
l-cw-
t`m-P-cm-P- D-hm-N-˛\-a-kv-sX- Kn-cn-Pm-
\m-Ym- a-cp-kv-Y-e- \n-hm-kn-t\-
{Xn-]p-cm- kp-c\ - m-im-b- _-lp-am-bm- {]-
h¿-Øn-\w-
tæ-ssO- Kp-]v-Xm-b- ip-≤m-b- k-®n-Zm-
\-µ- cp-]n-ss∂-
Xzw- amw-ln- In-¶-cw- hn-≤n- i-c-Wm-¿-
∞- a-p-]m-K-Xw-
(t«m-Iw- 6 ap-X¬- 8 h-sc)-
(t`m-P-cm-Pm-hv- Kw-Km-P-ew- sIm-≠pw-
]©- K-hyw-sIm-≠pw- A-t±-l-sØ- kv-\m-
\w- sN-øn-®v- a-cp-`q-\n-hm-kn-bm-b- B- alm-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-\v- \n-jv-I-f-¶- `-Iv-Xn-bm-hp-∂-
]mcn-tXm-jn-I-߃- A-Sn-b-d-sh-°p-I-bpw-
G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- B-Z-c-hv- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-
bpw- sN-bv-Xv- ]-d-bpw:-- A-√-tbm,- a-\p-jy-
cm-in-bp-sS- A-`n-am-\-ta,- A-td-_ym- \n-hm-
ko-!- A-ß-sb- Rm≥- h-µn-°p-∂p.- ]n-im-
Nn-s\- \n-{K-ln-°p-hm-\m-bn- A-ßv- a-l-
Øm-b- H-cp- i-Iv-Xn-X-s∂- kw-`-cn-®p-sh-®n-
´p-≠v.- tæ-O-∑m-cm-b- i-{Xp-°-fn¬-\n-s∂-
√mw- A-ßv- kp-c-£n-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-h-
t√m.- A-√-tbm- k-®n-Zm-\-µ- kz-cq-]-ta,-
Rm≥- A-ß-bp-sS- H-cp- tk-h-I≥- am-{X-
am-Wv-;- A-ß-bp-sS- Xr-∏mZ-ß-fn¬- In-S-°p-
∂- H-cp-h-\m-bn- Cu-bp-≈-h-s\- kzo-I-cn-
®m-epw)-.-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- BNm-cy-s≥-d- A-\p-bm-
bn-Iƒ-°p-≈- A-Sb - m-fß
- s
- f-°p- d
- n-®v- IqSn-
th-Z-hym-k≥- {]-h-Nn-°p-∂p-≠v.- A-Xv-
Cß-s\-bm-Wv-:-
enw-K-tO-Zn- inJm-lo-\x- iv-a-{ip-[m-cn-
k-Zp-j-I-
D-®m-e-]o- k¿-∆- `-£n- `-hn-jy-Xn- P-
\-tamw-
hn-\- Iu-i-ew- h-i-h-kv-tXm- jmw- `-
£-bm- a-Xm-amw-
ap-k-te-ss\-h- kw-kv-Im-cx- Ip-ssi-cn-
`-hn-jy-Xn-
X-kv-am≥- ap-k-e- h-t¥m-ln- Pm-X-tbm-
[¿-a- Zp-j-Imx-
C-Xn- ss]-im-N- Z¿-Ω-iv-N- `-hn-jy-Xn-
a-bm-Ir-Xx-
(t«m-Iw- 25 ap-X¬- 28h-sc)-.-
(At±-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- tN-
em-I¿-aw- sN-øpw.- A-h¿- Ip-Sp-a-sh-°-p-I-
bn-√.- A-h¿- Xm-Sn-h-f¿-Øpw.- A-h¿- hnπ-
h-Im-cn-I-fpw- P-\-ß-tfm-Sv- A-Xyp-®-Øn¬-
{]m¿-Y-n-°p-hm≥- D-Zv-tLm-jn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-
bn-cn-°pw.- A-h¿- ]-∂n-sb- H-gn-®v- a-‰p-an-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
°- ar-K-ß-sf-bpw- `-£n-°pw.- ip-≤n- sN-
øp-hm≥- "Z¿-`'- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ]I-
cw- k-a-cw- sN-bv-Xv- A-h¿- ]-cn-ip-≤-cm-hpw.-
a-X-sØ- a-en-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-cp-ambn- bp-
≤w- sN-øp-∂-Xm-I-bm¬- ap-k-te-ss\-h¿-
F-∂- t]-c-n¬- A-h¿- A-dn-b-s∏-Spw.- Cu-
amw-k-`p-°p-I-fp-sS- B-hn¿-`m-hw- F-∂n¬-
\n-∂m-bn-cn-°pw).-
Cu- {]-h-N-\-Øn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-
´n-´p-≈-Xv- ap-lΩ-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bpw- A-t±-l-
Øn-s≥-d- A-\p-N-c-∑m-cp-am-sW-∂- h-kv-
XpX- kp-hy-Iv-X-am-W-t√m.-
H-cp-Im-cyw- C-hn-sS- {]-tXy-I-am-bn- kq-
Nn-∏n-t°-≠X - p-≠v.- Cu- {]-hN - \
- ß
- f - S-ßp-
∂- `-hn-jy¬-]p-cm-W-Øn-s≥-d- tIm-∏n-
t_mw-s_- sh-¶n-tS-iz-c- {]- -n¬- A-®-Sn-
®-Xm-sW-∂- Im-cyw- C-Xv- D-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-
∂- F.-F-®v.- hn-Zym¿-Y-n,- bp.- A-en- F-∂n-
h¿- A-h-cp-sS- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-
bn- ´ p- ≠ v . - (A.H. Vidyarthi & U.Ali:
Muhammed in Parsi, Hindu and Budhist
Scriptures, Page 36). `-hn-jy¬- ]p-cm-W-
Øn-s≥-d- H-dn-Pn-\¬- tIm-∏n-Iƒ- C-∂v- D]-
e-_v-[-a-√.- C-t∏m-ƒ- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßp-∂- ]cn-
`m-j-I-fn¬- an-°-Xpw- {]-km-[-I-cp-sS-
COm-\p-k-c-Ww- am-‰-߃- h-cp-Øn-s°m-
≠m-Wv- ]p-d-Øn-d-°p-∂-sX-∂m-Wv- a-\- n-
em-hp-∂-Xv.- A-h-bn¬- Nn-e-h- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
\_n-(H)-sb- kw-_\ - v[
- n-®v- hym-ka- l
- ¿-jn-
]-d-™-Xm-bn- D-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- t«m-I-
߃- A-∏-Sn- hn-´p-I-f-bp-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-Xn-
cn-°p-∂-Xv.- X-ß-fp-sS- C-jv-Sm-\p-k-c-Ww-
]p-cm-X-\- {K-\v-Y-ß-sf- hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂-
Xp-X-s∂- sX-‰m-sW-∂n-cn-s°,- A-h-bn¬-
\n-∂v- a-d-®p-sh-°p-I-bpw- Iq-´n-t®¿-°p-
Ibpw- sN-øp-∂-Xv- a-lm-]m-]-am-sW-∂v-
am{Xw- kq-Nn-∏n-°-s´.-
`hn-jy¬- ]p-cm-W-Øn-s≥-d- B-[n-Im-
cn-I-X-sb- \n-tj-[n-°p-hm≥- ln-µp-a-X-
]Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-s°m-∂pw- I-gn-bn-√.- A-Xp-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂,- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-sb- kw-
_-\v-[n-®v- Cu- ]p-cm-W-Øn¬- ]-d-™n-´p-
≈- Im-cy-߃- ]n-∂o-S-v A-Sp-Ø-Im-e-Øv-
F-gpXn-t®¿-ØX - m-sW-∂m-Wv- ]e-t∏m-gpw-
I¬-°n- A-h-Xm-c-sØ-°-p-dn-®v- H-cp-]mSv- I-Y-Iƒ-
]pcm-W-ß-fn¬- D-≤-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw-
hnNn-{X-ß-fpw- ssh-cp-[y-߃- \n-d-™-h-bp-am-Wv.- A-h-sb-
√mw- i-cn-bm-sW-∂v- I-cp-Xp-I- h-ø.- I¬-°n- A-h-Xm-cw- sIm-
≠v- hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bm-sW-∂v- ]-e- {K-\v-Y-Im-
c-∑m-cpw- k-a¿-Y-n-®n-´p-≠v.
hm-Zn-°s - ∏-Sm-dp-≈X - v.- C-Xn¬- I-gº - n-√.- ]p
cm-W-ß-fn¬- I-S-Øn-°q-´p-hm≥- ap-kv-enw-
Iƒ-°v- G-Xm-bn-cp-∂m-epw- I-gn-bn-√-t√m.-
kw-kv-Ir-X- `m-jm-]-T-\-hpw- th-Z-Pv-Rm-\-
k-ºm-Z-\-hpw- {_m-lv-a-W-cp-sS- am-{Xw-
IpØ-I-bm-bn- I-cp-X-s∏-´n-cp-∂- Im-e-Øv-
hn-tZ-in-I-fm-b- ap-kv-enw-I-sf- A-h-cp-sS-
CO-{]-Im-cw- X-ß-fp-sS- a-X-hn-izm-k-Øn-
\v- A-\p-Kp-W-am-b- Im-cy-߃- ]p-cm-W-ß-
fn¬- I-S-Øn-°q-´p-hm≥- {_m-lv-a-W¿- A-
\p-h-Zn-®p-sh-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- I-Æ-S-®v- Ccp-
´m-°p-∂-Xn-\v- Xp-ey-am-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\_n-
(H)sb-°-p-dn-®- ]-cm-a¿-i-߃- I-S-Øn-°q-
´p-hm-\m-bn- `-hn-jy¬-]p-cm-Ws - Ø-°p- d- n-®v-
A-dn-bm-hp-∂- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-sc-√mw- H-cn-S-
Øv- H-Øp-Iq-Sn-sb-∂v- hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂X - pw- ip-
≤-A-kw-_-\v-[-a-√m-sX- a-s‰m-∂p-a-√.- A-
Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- Cu- `m-K-߃- {]-£n-
]v-X-am-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- Xo-sc- \ym-bo-
I-c-W-a¿-ln-°p-∂n-√.-
I¬-°n˛- A-h-km-\-sØ- A-h-Xm-cw-
Z-im-h-Xm-c- kn-≤m-¥-{]-Im-c-hpw- {io-
tZ-ho- a-lm-`m-Kh - X- Ø- n-se- C-cp-]Ø - n-bmdv-
A-h-Xm-c-߃- F-∂- X-Ø-z-{]-Im-c-hpw-
I¬-°n-bm-Wv- A-h-km-\-sØ- A-h-Xm-c-
sa-∂v- ]-d-™p-h-t√m.- I-en-bp-K-Øn-s≥-d-
]m-c-ay-Øn¬- Zp-jv-S-P-\- a-¿-Z-I-\m-bn- I¬-
°n- A-hX - c- n-°p-sa-∂m-Wv- hn-izm-kw.- I¬-
°n-sb°-pd - n-®- ssl-µh - k
- ¶ - ¬-]Ø - n-s≥d-
H-cp- G-I-tZ-i-Nn-{Xw- Iv-tj-{µ≥- Xs≥-d-
"Z-im-h-Xm-c- N-cn-{X'-Øn-se- [ym-\-t«m-I-
Øn-eq-sS- h-c-®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v.- A-Xn-
ß-s\-bm-Wv.-
kz-Oµ - - t{]m-NvO - e - ≥- tæ-O- Xn-an-tcm-
Zvt- `-Z- k-NvO - h- n-
I¬-°n- hn-jvW - p- {]-Im-im-b-
{]-`m-Xm¿-°- C-am-kvX - p-h-
(kp-Ip-am¿- A-go-t°mSv- D-≤-cn-®-Xv-:-
X-Ø-z-hpw- a-\p-jy-\pw,- ]p-dw- 77).- (\o-c-
\v-{[-am-b- C-cp-fn-s≥-d- Npcp-fn¬-\n-∂v- hn-
iz-sØ- hn-tam-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- {]`m-Xm¿-°-
s\-t∏-m-se,- tæ-O-tZm-jw- Xo-≠m-Ø- im-
¥n-kp-µ-c-am-b- H-cp- tem-I-Øns≥-d- D-Z-
14
b-hp-am-bn- I¬-°n- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Spw-).-
I¬-°n- A-hX - m-cs- Ø-Ip-dn-®v- H-cp-]mSv-
I-Y-Iƒ- ]p-cm-W-ß-fn¬- D-≤-cn-°-s∏-´n-
´p≠v.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw- hn-Nn-{X-ß-fpw-
ssh-cp-[y-߃- \n-d-™-h-bp-am-Wv.- A-h-
sb-√mw- i-cn-bm-sW-∂v- I-cp-Xp-I- h-ø.- I¬-
°n- A-h-Xm-cw- sIm-≠v- hn-h-£n-°p-∂-Xv-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bm-sW-∂v- ]-e- {K-\v-Y-
Im-c-∑m-cpw- k-a¿-Y-n-®n-´p-≠v.- hn-jv-Wp-]p-
cm-W-Øn-epw- I¬-°n-]p-cm-W-Øn-epw-
alm-`m-K-h-X-Øn-epw- hn-h-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-
°p∂- I¬- ° n- kz- ` m- h - ß - f n¬- Nn- e -
sX√mw- ap-lΩ - Z- \
v- _- n-(H)-bp-sS- N-cn-{X-Øn-
se- kw-`-h-ß-fp-am-bn- km-ayw- ]p-e¿-Øp-
∂p-sh-∂-Xv- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.- G-Xm
\pw- km-ay-߃- t\m-°p-I.-
H-∂v)- I¬-°n- A-h-km-\-sØ- A-h-
Xm-c-am-Wv.- I-en-bp-K-Øn-s≥-d- ]m-c-ay-Øn-
em-Wv- A-t±-lw- A-h-X-cn-°p-I.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
\-_n-(H)- A-hk - m-\s - Ø- {]-hm-NI - \- m-Wv.-
I-en-bp-Kw- B-cw-`n-°p-∂X - v- _n.-kn.-3102em-
sW-∂m-Wv- hm-Zn-°-s∏Sp-∂-Xv.- A-t∏mƒ-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-P-\n-®-Xv- I-en-bp-K-Øn-
s≥-d- ]m-c-ay-Øn¬- X-s∂-bm-Wv.-
c-≠v)- I¬-°n- A-h-X-cn-°p-I- knw-^m-
e-sb-∂- a-W¬-Zzo-]n-em-bn-cn-°pw.- ap-l-Ω-
Zv-\-_n-(H)-bp-sS- P-\-\w- A-td-_y≥- a-W-
em-c-Wy-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-p.-
aq-∂v)- I¬-°n-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d-
\maw- hn-jv-Wp-b-i-kv- F-∂pw- hn-jv-Wp-`-
K-Xv- F-∂pw- ]-d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- ssh-jv-
W-h- a-X-{]-Im-cw- G-I-ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d-
t]cm-Wv- hn-jv-Wp.- `-K-Xv- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn-
\¿-Y-w- Zm-k≥- F-∂m-Wv.- hn-jv-Wp-`-K-Xv-
F-∂m¬- ssZ-h-Zm-k≥- F-∂¿-Y-w.- ap-l-
Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]-cv-
A_v-Zp-√- A-Y-hm- ssZ-h-Zm-k≥- F-∂m-
bn-cp-∂p.-
\m-e)v- - I¬-°n-bp-sS- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]cv-
kp-a-Xn-sb-∂m-Wv.- im-¥n-sb-∂- [mXphn
¬-\n-∂p-≠m-b- Cu- ]-Z-Øn-\¿-Y-w- hn-iz-
kv-X-X-sb-∂m-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-bp-sS-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 50 ¬)-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-
ss_-_n-fn¬-
ss_-_nƒ- ]-g-b-Xpw- ]p-Xn-b-Xp-am-b-
\nb-a-]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn-eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-∂-
H-cmƒ-°v- A-Xn-se- {]-h-N-\-߃- {i-≤n-
°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- \-S-
Øn-b- ]-e-X-cw- {]-h-N-\-߃-!- A-h-bn¬-
]-e-Xpw- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn- \mw-
ss_-_n-fn¬-Xs - ∂- hm-bn-°p-∂p.- ]q¿-Øo-
I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-h- C-∂-s√-¶n¬- \m-sf-
]q¿-Øo-Ic - n-°s - ∏-Sp-sa-∂v- ss{I-kX v- h- - k-
aq-lw- hn-iz-k-n-°p-∂p.-
ss_- _ nƒ- ] p- k v - X - I - ß - f n- s e- √ mw-
]c∂p-In-S° - p-∂- H-cp- {]-Xo-£b - p-≠v.- Hcp-
a-lm- {]-hm-NI - s - \-°p-dn-®- {]-Xo-£b - m-W-
Xv.- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-ss_-_n-fn-se- G-‰-hpw-
]pcm-X-\-am-b- c-N-\-sb-∂v- I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-
]-©] - p-kvX
- I- w- (tXm-d)- ap-X¬- Cu- {]Xo-
£- \-ap-°v- Im-Wm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- tams-i-
sbt∏-m-e-p-≈- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-s\-°-p-dn-®-
{]Xo-£.- tem-I¿-°v- ap-gp-h≥- kzo-I-cn-
Fw.- Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-
°m≥- km-[n-°-Ø-°- X-c-Øn-ep-≈- ssZ-
hn-I-h-N-\-ß-fp-am-bn- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Sm-\n-cn-
°p-∂- H-cp- a-lm-{]-hm-N-I-s\-°-p-dn-®- {]-
h-N-\-߃.-
b- l q- Z ¿- B- {]- h m- N - I - s \- {]- X o-
£n®p.- ssZ-h-Z-q-X-∑m-sc-∂v- A-h-Im-i-s∏-
´p-sIm-≠v- X-ß-fp-sS- ap-ºn¬- h-∂-h-tcm-
sS-√mw- A-h¿- tNm-Zn-®p-:- "\o- B- {]-hm-N-
I-\m-tWm?'- (tbm-l-∂m≥- 1:-19˛22).--
b-lq-Z-∑m¿- Im-Øp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-
B- {]-hm-N-I≥- B-cm-Wv?- A-t±-lw- I-gn-
™p-t]m-tbm?- A-tXm.......?-
]-gb
- \
- n-ba - Ø
- n-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-Ic - W
- a
- m-
Wv- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-sa-∂m-Wv- ss{I-kv-X-h-
hn-izm-kw.- b-lq-Z¿- Im-Øn-cp-∂- {]-hm-N-
I≥- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hm-sW-∂v- {In-kv-Xym-
\n-Iƒ- hm-Zn-°p-∂p.-
C-hn-sS- H-cp- tNm-Zyw- {]-k-Iv-X-am-Wv.-
15
b-lq-Z¿- Im-Øp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-
I≥- Xm-\m-sW-∂v- tb-ip- F-t∏m-sg-¶n-epw-
A-h-Im-i-s∏-´n-´p-t≠m?-
"C-√'-sb-∂m-Wp-Ø-cw.-
]n-s∂......?-
]p-Xn-b\ - n-ba - Ø
- n-se- ]p-kX v- I- ß
- f - p-sS-
I¿-Øm-°-fn¬- ]-e-cpw- b-lq-Z¿- Im-Øn-
cp-∂- a-lm≥- tb-ip-hm-sW-∂v- h-cp-Øn-
Øo¿-°m≥- th-≠n- {i-an-®n-´p-s≠-∂-Xv-
icn-bm-Wv.- b-lq-Z¿-°n-S-bn¬- {In-kv-Xp-a-
Xw- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- kp-hn-ti-
j-sa-gp-Xn-b- a-Øm-bn-sb-t∏m-ep- ≈ - h - ¿- ]g-
b-\n-b-a-{]-h-N-\-߃-°v- A-\p-kr-X-am-bn-
{In-kX v- p-Nc- n-{X-sØ- am-‰n-sb-gp-Xn-bn-´p-s≠-
∂- h-kX v- p-X- ss_-_nƒ-]W - U v- n-X∑ - m¿- C-
∂v- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-®p-Ig- n-™n-´p-≠v.- AXp-sIm-
≠p-X-s∂- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- {]-h-N-\-
߃- {In-kv-Xp-hn¬- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-
´p-s≠-∂- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a- te-J-I-∑m-cp-sS-
A-h-Im-iw- \n-cp-]m-[n-Iw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p-
Iq-Sm.-
]n-s∂-sb-¥p sN-ø-Ww?-
ap≥-{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- {]-h-Nn-®-Xp-{]-Im-
cw- tem-IØ - n-te-°v- A-b° - s - ∏-´- A-hk - m-
\-sØ- {]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv- Xm-s\-∂v- tb-ip-
{In-kv-Xp- A-h-Im-i-s∏-´n-´p-t≠m-sb-∂v-
]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-S-Ww.- ss_-_n-fn-se-
tbip-h-N-\-ß-fn-eq-sS- I-S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-
Hcmƒ-°v- F-hn-sS-bpw- A-Ø-c-sam-cp- Ah-
Im-i-hm-Zw- Im-Wp-hm-\m-hp-I-bn-√.- C{km-
Cu¬- P-\-ß-fn-te-°v- A-b-°-s∏-´- H-cp-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
ssZ-h-Zq-X≥- am-{X-am-Wv- Xm-s\-∂m-Wv-
At±-lw- kz-bw- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.-
tbip- ]-d™ - X
- m-bn- ss_-_nƒ- D-≤c
∂p-:- "C-{km-Cu¬- `-h\ - Ø- n-se- \-jSv- s
B-Sp-I-fp-sS- A-Sp-°-te-°v- am-{X-am-Wv-
Rm≥- A-b-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv' (a-Øm-bn-
15:-24).-
C-{km-Cu-ey-cn-te-°v- am-{X-am-bn- A-b-
°-s∏-´- H-cp- ssZ-h-Zq-X≥- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv-
tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- ap-gp-h≥- hn-tam-N-I-\m-bn-
Øo-cp-∂-Xv?- ap-gp-h≥- a-\p-jy¿-°pw- am¿-
K-Z¿-i-\w- \¬-Im≥- km-[n-°p-∂- k-tµ-
i-ß-fp-am-bn- I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂- a-lm-{]-hm-N-
I-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m- b-lq-Z-∑m¿- {]-Xo-
£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.-
an-in-l-
tb-iphn-s\- an-in-l-bm-bm-Wv- ]-cn-N-
b-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-Sm-dp-≈-Xv.- "an-in-l'-sb-∂-
ln-{_p-]Z- Ø - n-\-v A-`n-jn-IX -v ≥- F-∂¿-Yw- .-
B-Zy-Im-e-Øv- a-X-]-c-am-b- A¿-Y-sam-∂pw-
I¬-]n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂- ]-Z-a-√- C-Xv.- ssZ-h-
Øm¬- {]-tXy-Iw- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´,-
-H-cp- {]-tXy-I- Zu-Xyw- \n¿-h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-
\p-th-≠n- \n-tbm-Kn-°s - ∏-´- hy-IvX
A¿-Y-Øn¬- ]n-∂o-Sv- "an-in-l'- D-]-tbm-Kn-
°-s∏-Sm≥- Xp-S-ßn.- C-{km-Cu-en-s≥-d-
hntam-N-I-\m-bn- I-S-∂p-h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂-
hyIvX - n-sb- hn-h£ - n-®p-sIm-≠v- an-in-ls
∂- {]-tbm-Kw- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬- F-hn-sS-
bpw- Im-Wm-\n-√.- F-∂m¬- H-cp- "an-inl'-
h-cp-sa-∂- hn-izm-kw- b-lq-Z¿-°n-S-bn¬-
\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-]p-kv-
X- I - ß - f n¬- \ n- ∂ v - hy- I v - X - a m- I p- ∂ p- ≠ v . -
Zmho-Zn-s≥-d- ]p-{X-\m-bn- h-cp-∂- C-{km-Cu-
en-s≥-d- c-£-I-\m-b- an-in-l.- b-lq-Z-∑m¿
Im-Øn-cp-∂- "an-in-l'- tb-ip-hm-bn-cp-∂p.-
C-{km-Cu-¬- `-h-\-Øn-se- Im-Wm-sX-t]m-
b- B-Sp-I-sf- k-Xy-am¿-K-Øn-te-°v- \-bn-
°m-\m-bn- \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p-
A-t±-lw.-
kp-hn-ti-j-I-∑m-cp-sS- tb-ip-N-cn-{Xw-
tb-ip-hn-\v- ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ti-j-
am-W-t√m- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sS- c-N-\- \-S-
∂-Xv.- kp-hn-ti-j-I¿-Øm-°ƒ- tb-ip-hn-
s≥-d- Po-h-N-cn-{Xw- c-Nn-°p-I-b-√- sN-bv-X-
Xv-;- {]-Xyp-X,- X-߃- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\p-
t±-in-°p-∂- X-Øz- ß - ƒ-°\ - p-kr-Xa
Xn-bn¬- tb-ip-IY - - sa-\™ - p-≠m-°p-Ib
Wv.- B-[p-\n-I- ss_-_nƒ-]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-
cn¬- an-°-h-cpw- C-°m-cyw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-
´p-≠v.- Po-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂- ss_-_nƒ-]W
X-∑m-cn¬- {]-ap-J-\m-b- sd-bv-a-≠v- C.-
{_u¨- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- "Hm-tcm- kp-hn-ti-j- Im-c-∑m¿-°v- kw-`-
I¿-Øm-hpw- tb-ip-hn-s\-∏‰ - n-bp-≈- X-s≥d- hn-®n-´p-≈- H-cp- h-en-b-
- n-°p- [m-c-W-°-\p-k-cn-®v- hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- B A-_-≤-ap-≠v.- ]g-b-\n-b-a- 16
- ∏´- [ym-Xva - n-Im-hi
- y-߃- km-[n-®p-sIm-Sp-°m- Øn¬- {]-hN - n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-
\p-X-Ipw-hn-[w- tb-ip-hn-s\- Nn-{Xo-I-cn- a-lm-{]-hm-N-I-\pw- b-lq-Z-k-ap-Zm-
°m≥- B-cw-`n-®p.- ^-e-tam?- X-߃-°v- e- b-Øn-s≥-d- {]-Xo-£-bm-bn-cp-∂- an-in-
`n-®- tb-ip-]m-c-º-cy-sØ- cq-]-s∏Sp-Øp-I- l-bpw- H-∂p-X-s∂-bm-sW-∂- [m-c-W-bp-
bpw- hn-I-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°-p-I-bpw- sh-´n-®p-cp- sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn-em-Wv- kp-hn-ti-j-I-
°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂- ]q¿-W- {K-\vY - I
- m-c∑
- m- ∑m¿- tb-ip-N-cn-{X-Øn-\v- cq-]w-\¬-In-b-Xv.-
cm-bpw- B- ]m-c-º-cy-sØ- H-cp- k-hn-ti- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- a-lm-{]-hm-N-I-t≥-d-
j- e-£y-Øn-te-°v- \-bn-°p-∂- ssZ-h-im- Xm-bn- ]-g-b-\n-b-aw- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®- ]-e- kz-
kv-{X-Im-c-∑m-cm-bpw- kp-hn-ti-j-I-∑m¿- \- `m-h-ß-fpw- A-h¿- tb-ip-hn¬- B-tcm-]n-
Ωp-sS- ap-ºn¬- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p.- F-¥m- ®p.- bYm¿-YØ - n-ep-≈- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- Pohn-
Wv- kp-hn-ti-j-߃- F-∂- tNm-Zy-Øn-\p- X-Øn¬- kw-`-hn-°m-Ø- ]-e-Xpw- A-h¿-
≈- k-ºq¿-W-a-dp-]-Sn-bm-bn- A-hn-Sp-sØ- tb-ip-hn¬- F-gp-Xn-t®¿-Øp.- C-°m-cyw-
hm-°p-Iƒ,- sN-bv-Xn-Iƒ,- ]o-Um-\p-`-hw,- ss{I-kv-X-h- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-X-s∂- Aw-Ko-
a-c-Ww,- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]v- F∂n-h- Dƒ- I-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.-
s∏-sS- tb-ip-hn-s\-∏‰ - n- {]-Nm-cØ- n-en-cp-∂- ssI-{In-b-Iƒ-
b-lq-Z-¿- {]-Xo-£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-
anin-l-bm-Wv- tb-ip-sh-∂v- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂-
C-{km-Cu-en-s≥-d- hntam-N-I- Xn-\p-th-≠n- kp-hn-ti-j-I-∑m¿- \-S-Øn-b-
\mbn- I-S-∂p-h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- ssI-{In-bI - s - f-∏‰ - n- sd-bva
- ≠
- v˛- C-˛{_u¨-
hyIv-Xn-sb- hn-h-£n-®p-sIm-≠v- X-s≥-d- {]-kn-≤-am-b- "an-in-l-bp-sS- P-\-
- n- s- b-∂- \w-'- (The birth of the Messiah) F-∂- {K-
an-in-l-sb-∂- {]-tbm-Kw- ]-g-b-
\vY
- Ø- n¬- ]-db - p-∂p-≠v.- A-hb - n¬- Nn-eXv-
\n- b - a - Ø n¬- F- h n- s S- b pw- Im-Wp-I-:-
ImWm- \ n- √ .- F- ∂ m¬- H- c p- (i) an-in-l- Zm-ho-Zv- hw-i-P-\m-bn-cn-°p-
- b- "aninl'- h-cp-sa-∂- hn-izm-kw- sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- b-lq-Z-hn-izm-kw.- tb-ip-
blq-Z¿-°n-S-bn¬- \ne-\n-∂n- an-in-l-bm-sW-∂v- h-cp-Øp-hm≥-th-≠n-
cp∂p- s h- ∂ v - ]p- X n- b - \ n- b - a - Zmho-Zn-s≥-d- hw-im-he - n-bn¬- tb-ip-hn-s≥d-
]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Iv-X- bpw- tbm-k-^n-s≥-d-bpw- \m-a-߃- a-Øm-
bn-bpw- eq-t°m-kpw- Xn-cp-In-°-b-‰n-b-
amIp-∂p-≠v. XmWv.-
(ii) a-n-in-l- s_-Xv-e-tl-an¬- P-\n-°p-
]m-cº - c- yw- B-‰n-°p-dp-°n-sb-Sp-Ø- k-Øm- sa-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- b-lq-Z-hn-izm-kw.- tb-ip-
W-hs - b-∂v- Rm≥- ]-db - pw.- Cu- k-Øv- kw- K-eo-en-b-bn¬- P-\n-®n-cn-°m-\m-Wv- km-
L-Sn-∏n-®X - pw- A-Xn-s≥-d- cq-]` - m-hß
- ƒ- F- [yX-.- A-t±-lw- P-\n-®-Xv- s_-Xv-e-tl-an-
Un-‰v- sN-bvX - X
- pw- H-∂mw- \q-‰m-≠n-s≥-d- A- em-sW-∂v- h-cp-Øn-Øo¿-ØX - v- tb-ip- anin-
h-km-\-sØ- aq-∂v- Z-i-I-ß-fn¬- Po-hn-®- l-bm-sW-∂v- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- th-≠n-
kp-hn-ti-j-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- X-s≥-d- ap-∂n¬- bm-Wv-.-
I-≠- ss{I-kX v- h
- - hm-b\- ° - m-cp-sS- B-[ym- (iii) tb-ip- P-\n-®-t∏mƒ- s_-Xv-e-tl-
Xv-an-Im-h-iy-ßsf- Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I- F- an-\v- ap-I-fn¬- H-cp- \-£-{Xw- Pz-en-®p-\n-
∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- e-£yw'- ∂p-sh-∂- I-Y-°v- bm-sXm-cp- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
(RAYMOND. E. BROWN: RESPONS hp-an-√.- "bm-t°m-_n¬-\n-∂v- H-cp- \-£{- Xw-
ES TO 101 QUESTIONS ON THE D-Zn-°pw'- (kw-Jy- 24:-17)- F-∂- ]-g-b-\n-ba-
BIBLE. Page 57). {]-h-N-\-Øn-\v- A-\p-cq-]-am-bn- tb-i-p-I-Y-
- m-b- co- C-∏d - ™
- X
- n-\v- A¿-Ys - a-¥m-Wv?- kphn- \n¿-an-®-Xn-s≥-d- ^-e-am-bn- cq-]w-sIm-≠-
- m- ti-jI-∑m¿- tb-ip-Po-hn-Xw- A-∏-Sn- tc-J- I≈-°-Y-bm-Wn-Xv.-
s∏-Sp-Øp-I-b-√-;- a-dn-®v- X-߃- D-t±-in-°p- (iv) tb-ip-hn-s\- tam-si-bp-sS- Po-hn-
∂- ssZ-h-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- A-\p-cq-]-am-bn- X-hp-am-bn- _-\v[ - s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n-\p-th-≠n-
- vU - n- tb-ip-Po-hn-Xs - Ø- A-hX - c - n-∏n-°p-Ib- m-Wv- a-Øm-bn- ]-S-®- I-Y-bm-Wv- sl-tdm-tZm-kn-
sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- C-hn-sS- kp-hn-ti-j- s≥-d- Im-e-Øv- \-S-Øn-b- Iq-´-s°m-e-bpw-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
I-Ws - °-Sp-∏p-sa-√mw.- b-Ym¿-YØ - n¬- Ah-
sbm-∂pw- kw-`-hn-®-h-b-√.-
C-ß-s\- H-cp-]m-Sv- Im-cy-߃-!- X-ß-
fp-sS- C-O-°-\p-k-cn-®v- Hm-tcm- kp-hn-ti-
j-Im-c-\pw- tb-ip-I-Y- \n¿-an-®-Xn-s≥-d- ^-
e-am-Wn-h.- ]-gb - \ - n-ba- Ø- n¬- {]-hN
´- {]-hm-NI - \- pw- b-lq-Z{- ]-Xo-£b
l-bpw- Hcm-fm-sW-∂- sX-‰n-≤m-c-W-bpw-
AXv- tb-ip-hm-sW-∂v- h-cp-Øn-Øo¿-°m-
\p-≈- hy-{K-Xb - p-am-Wv- kp-hn-ti-jß
\-ap-°v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-
≠p-X-s∂- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂-
tb-ip-IY - b - p-sS- A-Sn-kvY - m-\Ø - n¬- am-{Xw-
\n-∂p-sIm-≠v- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬- {]-h-Nn-
°-s∏-´- {]-hm-N-I≥- tb-ip-hm-sW-∂v-
JWv-Un-X-am-bn- ]-d-bm≥- I-gn-bn-√.- Iq-Sp-
X¬- kq-£v-a-am-b- ]-T-\w- B-h-iy-am-Wv.-
]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´- hcm-
\n-cn-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- k-hn-ti-j-X-
I-sfm-∂-pw- tb-ip-hn¬- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂n-s√-∂v- X-s∂-bm-Wv- kq-£v-a- ]-T-\-
߃- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂-Xv.-
A-h-Im-i-hm-Zw- D-∂-bn-®p-thm?-
C-hn-sS- \-tS- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®- Im-cyw- ho-
≠pw- {]-kI - Xv- a - m-Ip-∂p.- ]-gb - \
- n-ba
{]-h-Nn-°-s∏-´- {]-hm-N-I≥- X-m-\m-sW-∂v-
tb-ip- F-t∏m-sg-¶n-epw- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-
∂-bn-®n-´p-t≠m-sb-∂- tNm-Zyw.- tb-ip-
AØ-c-sam-cp- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-®-Xm
bn- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se-hn-sS-bpw- \-ap-°v-
hm-bn-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂n-√.-
C-tXm-S-\p-_-\v-[n-®v- a-s‰m-cp- tNm-Zyw-
Iq-Sn- tNm-Zn-°p-∂-Xv- D-Nn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw.-
"tb-ip-h-√m-sX- a-‰m-sc-¶n-epw- ]q¿-h-{]-hm-
N-I-∑m¿- {]-h-Nn-®- {]-hm-N-I≥- Xm-\m-Wv-
F-∂- A-h-Im-i-hm-Zw- D-∂-bn-®n-´p-t≠m?'-
D-Ø-cw- "A-sX'-sb-∂m-Wv.-
B-cm-Wv- A-Ø-c-sam-cp- A-h-Im-i-
hmZw- D-∂-bn-®-Xv?-
tb-ip-hn-\v- ti-jw- B-dv- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-
I-gn-™v- A-td-_y-bn¬- P-\n-®- ap-l-Ω-Zm-
(A)-Wv- A-Øc - s - am-cp- A-hI - m-ih
bn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-se- {]-hm-N-
I-∑m-cpw- tb-ip-hpw- {]-h-Nn-®- {]-hm-N-I≥-
Xm-\m-sW-∂m-Wv- A-t±-lw- A-h-Im-i-hm-
Z-ap-∂b - n-®X - v.- A-t±-lØ - n-eq-sS- tem-IØ
\v- A-hX - c- n-∏n-°s - ∏-´- th-Z{- K-\Y v- a- m-b- Jp¿-
B≥- ]q¿-h-{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- {]-h-N-\-
߃- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(A)-eq-sS- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-
s∏-´p-sh-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.-
"X-ß-fp-sS- ]-°-ep-≈- Xu-dm-Øn-epw-
C©o-en-epw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´-Xm-bn-
Ah¿-°v- I-s≠-Øm≥- I-gn-bp-∂- B-
A£-c-Pv-Rm-\-an-√m-Ø- {]-hm-N-I-\m-b-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-s\- ]n≥-]-‰p-∂-h¿-°v'-(-7:-157).-
"\mw- th-Z-{K-\v-Yw- \¬-In-bn-´p-≈-h¿-
kz-¥w- a-°-sf- A-dn-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-se- A-
- n-°s - ∏- t±-l-sØ- A-dn-bp-∂p-≠v.- kz-tZ-l-ß-sf-
- m-b- anin- \-jSv- Ø
- n-em-°n-bh - c- s
- {X- A-h¿.- A-Xn\m-
e-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂n-√'(6:-20).-
"Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- A-Xv- ap≥-Km-an-I-fp-sS-
- f- n¬- th-Z{- K-\Y
v- ß
- f- n-ep-≠v.- C-kdv- m-Cu-¬- k¥-
Xn-I-fn-se- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°-Xv- A-dn-bmw-
F-∂- Im-cyw- C-h¿-°v- H-cp- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂n-t√'-(26:-195,- 196).-
"a-dn-b-an-s≥-d- a-I≥- Cu-km- ]-d-™-
k-µ¿-`w-:- C-{km-Cu¬- k-¥X - n-It- f,- F\n-
°v- ap-ºp-≈- Xu-dm-Øn-s\- k-Xy-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂-h\ - m-bn-s°m-≠pw- F-\n-°p-ti-jw- hcp-
kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂-
tb-ip-I-Y-bp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
- Ø
- n¬- Øn¬- am-{Xw- \n-∂p-sIm-≠v- ]g-
b-\n-b-a-Øn¬- {]-h-Nn-°-s∏-´-
{]-hm-N-I≥- tb-ip-hm-sW-∂v-
JWv-Un-X-am-bn- ]-d-bm≥- I-gn-
bn√.- Iq-Sp-X¬- kq-£v-a-am-b-
]T-\w- B-h-iy-am-Wv.
∂- A-lv-a-Zv- F-∂v- t]-cp-≈- H-cp- Zq-X-s\-
∏-‰n- k-t¥m-jh - m¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-∂h - \- m-
bn-s°m-≠pw- \n-ß-fn-te-°v- A-√m-lp-hn-
s≥-d- Zq-X-\m-bn- \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-\m-Ip-
∂p- Rm≥.- A-ß-s\- A-t±-lw- hy-Iv-X-
amb- sX-fn-hp-I-fpw-sIm-≠v- A-h-cp-sS-b-Sp-
°¬- sN-∂-t∏mƒ- A-h¿- ]-d-™p-:- C-Xv-
- m-Zw- D∂- hy-Iv-X-am-b- Pm-e-hn-Zy-bm-Ip-∂p'- (--6:-16).-
tb-ip-h-S-°-ap-≈- ap≥-{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- {]-
h-Nn-®- A-¥n-a- {]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv- Xm-s\-∂v-
A-hI - m-ia- p-∂b- n-®b - m-fm-Wv- ap-lΩ- Z- v- (A).-
- n- A- t ±- l - Ø n- s ≥- d - Cu- A- h - I m- i - h m- Z -
Øn¬- F-{X-tØm-fw- I-gº - p-≠v?- \mw- ]cn-
tim-[n-°p-I.-
{]-iv-\-߃-
ap-l-Ω-Zn-(A)-s≥-d- Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-
cp∂- b-lq-Z¿-°pw- ss{I-kv-X-h¿-°pw-
At±-l-Øn-s≥-d- B-K-a-\-sØ-bpw- ktµ-
i-ßs - f-bpw- Ip-dn-®v-
A-dn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
∂m-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- D-≤-cn-®- 17
Jp¿-B≥-hm-Iy-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v-
hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂-Xv.- C-hn-sS- {]-[m-
\-s∏-´- H-cp- {]-iv-\-ap-≠v.- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(A)-
s≥-d- Im-e-Øv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv-
G-sX-√mw- ss_-_nƒ- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fm-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-∂v- C-∂v- \-ap-°-dn-bn-√.- ]-g-b-\n-
b-a-Øn¬- C-∂v- D-]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø- ]-
e- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fpw- (kyq-Un]n-{Km-^)- A-
∂v- D-]t- bm-Ks∏-´n-cp-∂n-cn-°mw.- A-t∏m-{In-
^-bm-bn- ]-cn-KW - n-®p-sIm-≠v- X≈-s∏-´- ]-
e- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-fpw- ap-l-Ω-
Zn-(A)-s≥-d- Im-eØ - v- A-td-_y-bn-ep-≠m-bn-
cp-∂- s\-kv-Xq-dn-b≥- ss{I-kv-X-h¿- D-]-
tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- D-d-∏m-Wv.- C-h-sbm-
∂pw- C-∂v- D-]-e-_v-[-a-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(A)-s≥-d- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-
sØ- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-bn- A-]-{K-Yn-°p-
hm≥- {]-bm-k-bm-Wv.- A-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb-
tc-J-I-fp-sS- ]-cn-an-Xn-bm-Wv- Im-c-Ww.-
a-s‰m-cp- {]-iv-\w-Iq-Sn-bp-≠v.- Jp¿-B-\n-se-
61:-6h-N-\-Øn¬-\n-∂v- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- {]-
t_m-[-\-ß-fn¬- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- H-cp- Im-cy-
am-bn-cp-∂p- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(A)-s\-°-p-dn-®- {]-h-
N-\-ß-sf-∂v- a-\- n-em-hp-∂p-≠v.- tb-ip-
h- c m- \ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - {]- h m- N - I - s \°- p - d n- ® v -
Fs¥-√m-am-Wv- ]-d-™-Xv- F-∂-dn-bm≥-
\ap-°v- bm-sXm-cp- \n¿-hm-l-hp-an-√.- A-t±-
l-Øn-s≥-d- h-N\ - ß - s- fm-∂pw-Xs - ∂- A-t±-
lw- ]-d-™- A-tX-cq-]-Øn¬- tc-J-s∏-Sp-
Ø-s∏-´n-´n-√.- tb-ip- kw-km-cn-®-Xv- A-c-
am-b-`m-j-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.- A-c-am-b-`m-j-
bn¬- F-gp-X-s∏-´- H-scm-‰- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a-
{K\v-Y-hp-an-√.- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- kz-¥w- `m-j-
bn-se- H-cp- D-]-a-tbm- ssZ-hn-I-h-N-\-tam-
k-tµ-itam- I-s≠-Øm≥- C-∂v- bm-sXm-
cp- \n-hr-Øn-bp-an-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂{- ]-hm-NI - s
- \- kw-_\ - v[
- n-®v-
tb-ip- F-s¥-√mw- ]-d-™p-sh-∂v- Ir-Xy-
am-bn- a-\  - n-em-°p-hm≥- bm-sXm-cp- \n¿hm-
l-hp-an-√.-
ap-l-Ω-Zn-(A)-s\- kw-_-\-v[n-®v- ]q¿-h-
{]-hm-NI - ∑ - m¿- F-s¥-¶n-epw- {]-hN - \
- ß- ƒ-
\-S-Øn-bn-´p-t≠m-sb-∂v- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-
hm≥- \-Ωp-sS- ap-ºn¬- C-∂p-≈- tc-J-Iƒ-
ss_-_nƒ- ]-gb - \ - n-ba- Ø
- n-se-bpw- ]p-Xnb-
\n-b-a-Øn-se-bpw- ]p-kv-X-I-߃- am-{X-am-
Wv.- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I-s\-°-p-dn-®v-
ss_-_n-fn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-´- Im-cy-
߃- ap-lΩ - Z- p-(A)-am-bn- F-¥p-am-{Xw- tbm-
Pn-°p-∂p-≠v?- \mw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
k-a-m-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I≥-
C-{km-Cu-ey-cn-te-°v- ssZ-hw- H-cp-]mSv-
{]-hm-NI - ∑
- m-sc- \n-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-s≠-∂v- \ap-
°-dn-bmw.- A-tXm-sSm-∏w-X-s∂- \mw- a-\-
 n-em-t°-≠- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-
X-Iq-Sn-bp-≠v-.- {]-hm-NI - ∑ - m-cm-sW-∂v- Ah-
Im-is - ∏-´p-sIm-≠v- Ip-sd-t]¿- C-{km-Cu¬-
k-¥-Xn-I-sf- h-©n-°p-hm≥-th-≠n- {i-an-
®n-´p-s≠-∂- Im-cy-am-W-Xv.- ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-°-
W-°n-\v- hym-P{- ]-hm-NI - ¿- X-߃-°v- ssZ-
hn-It- _m-[\ - w- e-`n-°p-∂p-s≠-∂v- A-hI - m-
i-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v- C-{km-Cu-¬- k-aq-lØ - n¬-
{]-Xy-£-s∏-´n-´p≠-s{X!-- C-Ø-cw- {]-hm-N-
I-∑m¿- H-cn-°-epw- k-Xy-Øn-\p-th-≠n- \n-
e-sIm-≈p-Ib - n-√t- √m.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs - ∂-
ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- Zq-Xp-am-bn- h-cp-∂- b-Ym¿Y-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc- \-in-∏n-°p-hm≥- Xß
fm¬- I-gn-bp-∂-{X- {i-an-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-
Ah¿.-
I-≈-{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v- G-‰-hp-a-
[n-Iw- ]o-U-\-ß-tf¬-t°-≠n-h-∂n-´p-≈-
{]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv- bn-sc-aym.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\v-
G-gp- \q-‰m-≠p-I-ƒ-°v- ap-ºv- Po-hn-®- bn-sc-
aym-hn-\v- hym-P-{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- i-eyw-
Hcp-]m-Sv- k-ln-t°-≠n-h-∂-Xn-\m¬-X-s∂-
b-Ym¿-Y- - {]-hm-N-I-s\- hym-P-{]-hm-N-I-
\n¬-\n-∂v- F-ß-s\- Xn-cn-®-dn-bmw- F-∂v-
A-t±-lw- X-s∂- P-\-X-sb- ]-Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.-
bn-sc-aym- {]-hm-N-I≥- ]-Tn-∏n-®- {]-hm-N-
I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- am-\Z- W - U v- w- a-eb - m-fw- ss_-
_n-fn¬- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X - v- Cß-
s\-bm-Wv-:- "k-am-[m-\w- {]-h-Nn-°p-∂-
{]hm-N-I-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn-em-I-s´,- A-bm-
fp-sS- h-N-\w- k-Xy-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ-
Abm-sf- I¿-Øm-hv- A-b-®-Xm-sW-∂v-
Adn-bmw' (bn-sc-aym- 28:-9).-
I¿-Øm-hv- A-b-®- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- AS-
bm-f-ß-fm-Wv- Cu- h-N-\-Øn¬- {]-Xn-]m-
Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
H-∂v)- A-bmƒ- "k-am-[m-\w-'- {]-hN - n-°p-
∂-h-\m-bn-cn-°pw.-
c-≠v)- A-bm-fp-sS- h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw-
kXy-am-bn- ]p-e-cpw.-
"jm-temw'- F-∂m¬-
C-Xn¬ "k-am-[m-\w'- F-∂v- ]-cn-`m-j-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v- jm'--te - mw-- (Shalom)
F-∂- ln-{_p-]-Z-sØ-bm-Wv-.- jm-'-temw--
F∂- ln-{_p-]-Z-hpw- jv-'-e-m-a--- (Shlama)
F∂- kp-dn-bm-\n-]-Z-hpw- k-emw,- C-kv-emw-
Xp-S-ßn-b- A-d-_n-]-Z-ß-fpw- hyp¬-]∂-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- j'-emw- (Shalam) F-∂-
skan-‰n-Iv- aq-e-Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv.- j-emw-
F∂- sk-an-‰n-Iv- aq-e-{In-b- Io-g-vh-g-ßp-I,-
I-o-g-S-ßp-I,- k-am-[m-\-ap-≠m-hp-I- F-∂-
A¿-Y-ß-fpƒ-s°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-Xn¬-
\n- ∂ p- ≠ m- b - X m- W v - jm'- t emw- F- ∂ -
ln{_p-]-Zw.- C-Xn-\v- t\-cn´v- A-d-_n-bn¬-
C-kv-emw- F-∂v- ]-cn-`m-j- \¬-Im-hp-∂-
XmWv.- A-t∏mƒ- \-ap-°v- bn-sc-aym-hn-s≥d-
h-N-\-sØ- C-ß-s\- hm-bn-°m≥- I-gn-bpw:-
"C-ke v- mw- {]-hN
- n-°p-∂- {]-hm-NI - s
- ≥-d- Im-
cy-Øn-em-I-s´- A-bm-fp-sS- h-N-\w- k-Xy-
am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ- A-bmƒ- I¿-Øm-hv-
Ab-®-Xm-sW-∂v- A-dn-bmw'.-
F-¥m-Wv- {]-h-N-\w?-
C-Xn¬-- {]-h-N-\w- F-∂- ]-Zw- A¬-
]w- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-a¿-ln-°p-∂p.- "\-_'-
(naba) F-∂- ln-{_p- {In-b-°¿-Y-w- "ap≥-
Iq-´n- ]-d-bp-I',- "{]-h-Nn-°p-I'- F-∂n-ß-
s\-bm-Wv.- Cu- {In-b-bn¬-\n-∂p-≠m-b- \m-
bn-sc-aym- {]-hm-N-I≥- ]-Tn-∏n-®-
{]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- am-\-Z-Wv
Uw- a-e-bm-fw- ss_-_n-fn¬-
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-
Cß- s \- b m- W v - : - "k- a m- [ m- \ w-
{]h-Nn-°p-∂- {]hm-N-I-s≥-d-
Im-cy-Øn-em-Is- ´,- A-bm-fp-sS- h-
N-\w- k-Xy-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ-
Abm-sf- I¿-Øm-hv- A-b-®-Xm-
sW-∂v- Adn-bmw'-.-
a-am-bX- n-\m¬- \-_n- (nabi)sb-∂- ]-Zs - Ø-
\mw- {]-hm-N-I≥- F-∂v- `m-jm-¥-cw- sNøp-
∂p.- "ssZ-h-Øn¬-\n-∂v- e-`n-°p-∂- hn-h-c-
ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- `m-hn-Im-cy-߃-
ap≥-Iq-´n- ]-d-bp-∂-h¿'- F-∂- [m-c-W-bm-
Wv- s]m-Xp-sh- {]-hm-N-I≥- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-
tºmƒ- D-≠m-hp-∂-Xv.- Cu- \n¿-h-N-\w-
`mKn-Ia - m-bn- am{X-sa- i-cn-bm-hq.- `m-hn-bn¬-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- `u-Xn-I-kw-`-h-߃- hn-h-
cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d-
{][m-\-s∏-´- ]-Wn-sb-∂v- sk-an-‰n-Iv- a-X-
hn-izm-kß - s- f- kw-_\ - v[
- n-®v- A¬-]s - a-¶n-
epw- [m-cW - b- p-≈h - s
- cm-∂pw- ]-db - n-√.- "ssZ-
hn-I-k-tµ-i-߃- kzo-I-cn-®v- D-Ø-c-hm-Z-
s∏-´h- ¿-°v- A-Xv- F-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I'- bm-
Wv- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- ]-Wn.-
\_n-sb-∂- \m-aØ - n-\v- {]-[m-\a - m-bpw- I¬-
]n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xv- Cu- A¿-Y-am-sW-¶n¬-
A-Xn-s≥-d- aq-e-{In-b-bm-b- "\-_'°pw- C
Xn¬-\n-∂p-≈- A¿-
Y-am-Wv- {]-[m-\-am-bpw-
I¬-]n-°-s∏-tS-≠-sX-∂v- 18
hy-Iv-X-am-W-t√m.- bn-sc-aym-hn-
s≥-d- h-N\ - Ø
- n¬- {]tbm-Kn-°s - ∏-
´n-´p-≈- "{]-h-N-\w'- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn-\v-
Cu- A¿-Y-am-Wv- {]-[m-\-am-bn- I¬-]n-°-
s∏-tS-≠-sX-∂m-Wv- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- a-\- n-
em-t°-≠-Xv.-
A-ß-s\-bm-hp-tºmƒ- bn-sc-aym-hn-
s≥d- \-tS-kq-Nn-∏n-®- h-N-\w- C-ß-s\-
hmbn-°m≥- I-gn-bpw.- "C-kv-em-an-s\-°-p-dn-
®- k-tµ-i-߃- ssZ-h-Øn¬-\n-∂v- kzoI-
cn-®v- D-Ø-c-hm-Z-s∏-´-h¿-°v- F-Øn-°p-∂-
{]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn-em-I-s´,- A-bm-
fp-sS- h-N-\w- k-Xy-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ-
Abm-sf- I¿-Øm-hv- A-b-®-Xm-sW-∂v-
Adn-bmw-'.-
bn-sc-aym-hn-s≥-d- am-\-Z-Wv-Uw-
C-Xm-Wv- bn-sc-aym-hn-s≥-d- am-\Z- W - U v- w.-
H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-≥- A-bmƒ- b-Ym¿-Y-- C-kv-
em-an-s\-bm-tWm- P-\-߃-°v- {]t_m-[-
\w- sN-øp-∂-sX-∂v- t\m-°n-s°m-≠m-W- v-
A-bmƒ- k-Xy-k-\v-[-\m-tWm- F-∂v- Xo-
cp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xv.- C-X-√m-sX- bn-sc-aym-hn-
s≥-d- h-N-\-Øn¬- tI-h-e- k-am-[m-\-Øn-
s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-am-Wv- D-t±-in-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-
∂v- hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂X - v- h-fs
- c- h-en-b- A]-
I-Sw- £-Wn-®p-h-cp-Øpw.- b-Ym¿-Y-- k-am-
[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- ˛C-kv-emw-˛ kw-kv-Ym-]-\-
Øn-\p-th-≠n- \m-´n¬- \n-e-hn-ep-≈- "kam-
[m-\'-sØ- X-I¿-Ø-h-cm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-
∑m¿.- _-lp-ssZ-h-Xz-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- t]m-cm-
Sn-s°m-≠v- \m-´n-se- "k-am-[m-\w'- X-I¿-Ø-
h-\m-Wv- A-{_-lmw- F-∂v- ]-d-bmw.- tbip-
t]m-epw- "k-am-[m-\'-Øn-s≥-d- `-Rv-P-I-\m-
bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m.- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™-Xm-bn-
eqt°m-kv- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- "Rm≥- h-∂X - v- `qan-
bn¬- k-am-[m-\w- kvY - m-]n-°m-\m-Wv- F∂v-
\n-߃- [-cn-°p-t∂m?- A-√,- a-dn-®v- Rm≥-
]-d-bp-∂p-;-- `n-∂n-∏p-≠m-°m-\m-Wv.- C-\n-
apX¬- H-cp- ho-´n-ep-≈- A-©p-t]-cn¬-
aq∂p-t]¿- c-≠p-t]¿-s°-Xn-sc-bpw- c-≠p-
t]¿- aq-∂p- t]¿-s°-Xn-sc-bpw- `n-∂n-®n-cn-
°pw.- A-∏≥- a-I-s\-Xn-cm-bpw- a-I≥- A-∏-
s\-Xn-cm-bpw- A-Ω- a-Iƒ-s°-Xn-cm-bpw-
aIƒ- A-Ω-s°-Xn-cm-bpw- A-Ωm-bn-b-Ω-
acp-aI - ƒ-s°-Xn-cm-bpw- a-cp-aI - ƒ- A-Ωm-bn-
A-Ωs - °-Xn-cm-bpw- `n-∂n-°pw'- (eq-t°m-kv-
12:-51˛53).-
A-t∏mƒ- k-am-[m-\w- {]-h-Nn-°p-I-
F∂-Xv- b-Ym¿-Y- - {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- A-S-bm-
f-am-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬- sN-dn-b- Nn-e-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
A-kmw-K-Xy-ß-fp-≠v.- bn-sc-aym- {]-hm-N-
I≥- D-]-tbm-Kn-®- ]-Zw-X-s∂- A-hn-sS- D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬- Cu- {]-iv-\w- ]-cn-
l-cn-°-s∏-Spw.- "C-kv-emw'˛ssZ-h-Øn-\v-
kz¥-sØ- k-ºq¿-Wa - m-bn- k-a¿-]n- °
- p-∂-
X-n-eq-sS- ssI-h-cp-∂- k-am-[m-\w- ˛]-Tn-∏n-
°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I≥- am-{X-am-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y--
{]-hm-N-I≥.- t\m-l,- A-{_-lmw,- tam-si,-
Zm-ho-Zv,- tb-ip,- ap-l-Ω-Zv-(A)- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-
sc-√mw- "C-kv-emw'-- P-\-ß-sf- ]-Tn-∏n-®-
{]hm-N-I-cm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- A-
h-sc-√m-h-cpw- bn-sc-aym-hn-s≥-d- am-\-Z-Wv-
U-{]-Imcw- b-Ym¿-Y- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cm-Wv.-
k-Xy-am-bn- ]p-e¿-∂- {]-h-N-\-߃-
C-kv-emw- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I-
s≥d- {]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- k-Xy-am-bn- ]pe-
cp-sa-∂X - n-\v- ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _ - n-(A)-bn-eq-sS- A-
h-Xc - n-∏n-°s - ∏-´- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- X-s∂-
bm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- sX-fn-hv.- Jp¿-B-
\n-se- H-scm-‰- h-N-\w-t]m-epw- A-k-Xy-am-
sW-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°m≥- B¿-°pw- I-gn-™n-
´n-√.- A-Xn-se- {]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- k-Xy-
am-bn- ]p-e¿-∂n-´p-≠v.- A-Xn-\m¬-X-s∂-
bnsc-aym-hn-s≥-d- am-\Z- W - vU
- {- ]-Im-cw- ap-l-
Ω-Zv- \-_n-(A)- k-Xy-k-\v-[-\m-b- H-cp- {]-
hm-N-I-\m-sW-∂v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bpw.-
tam-si-sb-t∏-m-ep-≈- {]-hm-N-I≥-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I-s\-°-p-dn-®v-
tam-si- {]-hm-N-I-\p-≠m-b- H-cp- ssZ-hn-I-
A-cp-f-∏m-Sn-s\-°-p-dn-®v- ]-©-{K-\v-Y-Øn¬-
A-h-km-\-tØ-Xm-b- B-h¿-Ø-\- ]p-kv-X-
I-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.- A-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv:-
"A-t∏mƒ- I¿-Øm-hv- F-t∂m-Sv- A-cpƒ-
sNbv-Xp.- A-h¿- ]-d-™-sX-√mw- i-cn-X-
s∂.- \n-s∂-t∏-m-se- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-s\-
Ah-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v- A-h¿-
°m-bn- Rm≥- D-b¿-Øpw.- Rm≥- F-s≥-d-
h-N-\-߃- A-bm-fp-sS- \m-hn¬- \n-th-in-
∏n-°pw.- Rm≥- I¬-]n-°p-∂-h-sb-√mw-
Abmƒ- A-ht- cm-Sv- kw-km-cn-°pw.- A-bmƒ-
F-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬- D-®-cn-°p-∂- F-s≥-d-
hm-°p-Iƒ- sN-hn-s°-m-≈m-Ø-h-t\m-Sv-
Rm≥- X-s∂- I-W° - v- tNm-Zn-°pw.- F-s≥d-
\m-a-Øn¬- kw-km-cn-°m≥- Rm≥- B-Pv-
Rm- ] n- ® n- ´ n- √ m- Ø - H- c p- hm- s °- ¶ n- e pw-
kwkm-cn-°m≥- ap-Xn-cp-I-tbm- a-‰p-tZ-h-∑m-
cp-sS- \m-a-Øn¬- kw-km-cn-°p-I-tbm- sN-
bvX- m¬- B- {]-hm-NI - ≥- a-cn-°pw.- "I¿-Øm
hv- A-cpƒ- sN-øm-Ø- h-N-\-߃- R-߃-
F-ß-s\- Xn-cn-®-dn-bpw'- F-∂v- \o- lr-Z-b-
Øn¬- ]-db - p-am-bn-cn-°pw.- H-cp- {]-hm-NI - ≥-
I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬- kw-km-cn-®n´v-
B- h-N\ - w- bm-Ym¿-Yy- a - m-hm-Xn-cn-°p-It- bm-
kw-`h- n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-It- bm- sN-bvX- m¬- B-
h-N-\w- I¿-Øm-hv- A-cpƒ- sN-bv-X-X-√.- {]-
hm-N-I≥- A-Xv- tXm-∂ym-k-am-bn- ]-d-™-
Xm-Wv;- \o- A-bm-sf- `-b-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√''-
(B-h¿-Ø-\w-18:-18˛22).--
b-tlm-h-bn¬-\n-∂v- tams-i- ° p-≠m-b-
Xm-bn- ]-g-b-\n-b-aw- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂- Cu-
A-cp-f-∏m-Sn¬-\n-∂v- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- a-lm-
{]-hm-N-I-s\-°-p-dn-®v- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂-
Imcy-߃- a-\- n-em-°mw.-
1.- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I≥- A-t±-
l-Øn-s≥-d- Po-hn-XØ - n-epw- Zu-Xy-Øn-epw-
tam-i-sbt∏-m-se--bp-≈-bm-fm-bn-cn-°pw.-
2.- A-t±-lw- C-{km-Cu-ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-
Z-∑m¿-°n-Sb- n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- D-b¿-Øs - ∏-Sp-I.-
3.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- \m-hn¬- ssZ-hn-I-
h-N-\-ß-fm-Wv- D-≠m-hp-I.-
C-{km-Cu-en¬- Ip-sd- {]-hm-NI - -
∑m¿- h-∂p.- A-h-cm-cpw-X-s∂-
"tams-i-sb-t∏-m-ep-≈- {]-hm-N-
I≥'- B-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-h-cp-sS-
sb-√mw- Zu-Xyw- tam-si-bp-sS-
\nb- a - Ø n¬- \ n- ∂ v - A- I - ∂ -
C{km-Cu-¬- a-°-sf- I¿-Øm-
hns≥-d- B-e-b-Øn-te-°v- Xn-cn-
®p-sIm-≠p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
4.- ssZ-hw- I¬-]n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- A-t±-
lw- X-s≥-d- P-\-X-tbm-Sv- kw-km-cn-°p-I.-
5.- ssZ- h \m- a - Ø n- e m- W v - A- t ±- l w-
kwkm-cn-°p-I.-
6.- A-t±-lw- {]-h-Nn-°p-∂- Im-cy-ß-sf-
√mw- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-am-bn- ]p-e-cpw.-
tam-si-{]-hm-N-I-\n-eq-sS- I¿-Øm-hv-
\¬-In-b- Cu- hm-Kv-Zm-\-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-
I-c-W-Øn-\v- Im-Øn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-
kZv-hr-Ø-cm-b- b-lq-Z¿.- C-{km-Cu-en¬-
Ip-sd- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- h-∂p.- A-h-cm-cpw-X-
s∂- "tams-i-sb-t∏-m-ep-≈- {]-hm-N-I≥'-
B-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-h-cp-sS-sb-√mw- Zu-Xyw-
tam-si-bp-sS- \n-ba- Ø - n¬-\n-∂v- A-I∂ - - C-
{km-Cu-¬- a-°-sf- I¿-Øm-hns≥-d- B-e-
b-Øn-te-°v- Xn-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cn-I-bm-bn-
cp-∂p.- C-°m-cyw- tam-si--° v- Z-im-_v-Z-߃-
I-gn-™v- c-Nn-°-s∏-´- B-h¿-Ø-\-]p-kv-X-
I-Øn¬- A-Xn-s≥-d-
c-N-bn-Xm-hv- hy-Iv-X-am-
°p-∂p-≠v.- "]n-∂o-Sv- H-cn-°- 19
epw- tam-si-sb-t∏-ms - e- Hcp- {]-
hm-N-I≥- C-{km-Cu-e-n¬- D-≠m-bn-
´n-√'- (B-h¿-Ø-\w- 34:-10).-
tam-si-sb-t∏-m-ep-≈- {]-hm-N-I≥-
tb-ip-h-√-
Cu- {]-h-N-\-Øn¬- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-
´n-´p-≈-Xv- tb-ip-hm-sW-∂v- A-t∏m-kv-X-e-
{]-h¿-Ø\ - ß
- f
- p-sS- I¿-Øm-hv- kvY - m-]n-°p-
hm≥- {i-an-°p-∂p-≠v (A-t∏m.-- {]-hr.- 3:-
22˛26).- C-Xn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- anj-
\-dn-am¿- tam-si-tbm-Sv- ssZ-hw- \¬-In-b-
hm-KvZ- m-\{- ]-Im-cw- h-∂- {]-hm-NI - ≥- tbip-
hm-sW-∂v- hm-Zn-°m-dp-≠v.- A-h-¿- ]-©-]p-
kv-X-I-ß-fpw- ]p-Xn-b-\n-b-a- ]p-kv-X-I-ß-
fpw- H-cp- Xm-c-X-ay-Øn-\v- hn-t[-b-am-t°-≠-
Xm-Wv.- A-t∏mƒ- tam-si-sb-bpw- tb-ip-hn-
s\-bpw-Ip-dn-®v- ss_-_nƒ- \¬-Ip-∂- Nn{X-
߃- X-Ωn-ep-≈- A-¥-cw- F-¥p-am-{Xw-
`oa-am-sW-∂v- a-\- n-em-Ipw.- k-Xy-Øn¬,-
H-c¿-YØ - n-epw- tams-is - b-t∏-me - p-≈- {]-hm-
N-I≥- F∂v- hn-fn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥- A¿-l-\-
√- tb-ip-sh-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- ss_-_nƒ- Hcm-
h¿-Øn- hm-bn-°p-∂- G-h¿-°pw- t_m-[y-
s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.- H-cp- a-\p-jy-s\-∂- \n-e-bv-
t°m- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-s\-∂- \n-e-bv-t°m-
H∂pw-X-s∂- tb-ip- tam-si-tbm-Sv- Xm-c-X-
ayw- sN-øm≥-hø - m-Ø- hy-IvX - n-Xz-apƒ-s°m-
≈p-∂- B-fm-sW-∂p-≈X - m-Wv- hm-kvX - h- w.-
tams-i-sb-t∏-m-se-bp-≈- {]-hm-N-I≥- tb-
ip- h m- s W- ∂ v - h- c p- Ø p- ∂ - X n- \ p- t h- ≠ n-
]©-]p-kv-X-I-ß-fn¬- ]-d-bp-∂- tam-si-
bp-sS- Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- ]-e-
Imcy-ßfpw- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- Po-hn-XØ - n-epw-
kw-`-hn-®n-´p-s≠-∂v- {In-kv-Xp-a-X- {]-Nm-c-
I≥- hm-Zn-°m-dp-≠v.- a-Øm-bn-bp-sS- kp-hn-
ti-jw- \¬-Ip-∂- tb-ip-I-Y-sb-bm-Wv-
{][m-\-am-bpw- A-h¿- C-Xn-\m-bn- D-]-tbm-
K-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-
sa-¥m-Wv?- ]-gb - \- n-ba - Ø- n-se- {]-hN - \- ß- -
fp-sS- ]q¿-Øo-Ic - W
- w- tb-ip-hn-em-Wv- kw`-
hn-®s - X-∂v- h-cp-Øn-Xo¿-°p-∂X - n-\p-th-≠n-
kz-¥-am-b- H-cp- tb-ip-I-Y- sa-\-s™-Sp-
Ø-bm-fm-Wv- a-Øm-bn.- Cu- I-Y-bn¬-
]dbp-∂- kw-`-h-ß-fn¬- ]-e-Xpw- tb-ip-
hn-s≥-d- Po-hn-X-Øn-¬- D-≠m-bn-´p-≈-h-b-
s√-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- k-Ω-Xn-
®n-´p-≠v.- C-°m-cyw- ap-ºv- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-bn-
´p-≈-Xm-Wv.- k-Xy-Øn¬,- ]-g-b-\n-b-a-
Øn¬- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- Po-hn-Xh - p-am-bn- _\v-
[-s∏-´-sX-∂v- ]-d-bm-hp-∂- H-scm-‰- {]-h-N-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

\w-t]m-ep-an-√.- ss_-_nƒ-]-Wv-Un-X-\m-b- \-ap-°v- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-∂p- bn¬- am-{X-am-sW-

sd- b v - a - ≠ v - {_u¨- F- g p- X p- ∂ p- : - "H- c p-
"sakm-b-\n-Iv'- hn-tam-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v-
Ah¿- ]-Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw- \-{kmb-
\m-b- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- Po-hn-XØ - n-se- H-‰k - w-
`-hw- t]m-epw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- A-h¿- ]-d-™n-
cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hp-I-sfm-∂p-an-√'
(anin-l-bp-sS- P-\-\w,- ]p-dw- 9).-
tams-i-°p-ti-jw- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d-
hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-tØm-Sv- k-am-\-am-b- hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-
hp-am-bn- h-∂- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-s\- am-{X-sa-
≈q.- A-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Z-(A-)-√m-sX- a‰m-cp-a-√.-
H-cp- a-\p-jy-s\-∂- \n-e-bv-°pw- {]-hm-N-I-
s\-∂- \n-e-bv-°pw- tam-si-bp-sS- hy-Iv-Xn-
Xz-hpw- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(A)-s≥-d- hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-hpw-
F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- k-am-\-X- ]p-e¿-Øp-
∂p-≠v.- C-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- "\n-s∂-t∏-m-
se-bp-≈- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-s\ A-b-°pw'-
F∂-,- tam-si-{]-hm-N-I-t\m-Sp-≈- hm-Kv-Zm-
\-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-Ww- \-ap-°v- Z¿-in-
°p-hm≥- I-gn-bp-∂ Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n- (A)-
∂- h-kvX - p-X- \n-tj-[n-
°m-\m-hn-√.- 20
(tams-i-, tb-ip-,- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
(A)- F-∂n-hc - p-sS- Po-hn-XØ
- n-s≥d-
bpw- ZuXy-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Xm-c-X-ay-
Øn\v- Xm-sg- sIm-SpØ- Nm¿´v- ]-cn-tim-
[n-°pI)-
tam-si- {]-hm-N-I-\v- ssZ-hw- \¬-Inb-
hm-Kv-Zm-\-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-Ww- ap-l-
Ω-Zn-(A)-e-q-sS-bm-Wv- \n¿-h-ln-°-s∏-´-sX-

Xm-c-X-ay- hn-j-bw- tams-i {aq-k-- (K)}- tb-ip- {Cu-k- - (K)}- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n -(A)-
a-\p-jy-s\-∂- \n-e-bn¬-

P-\-\w- ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d-bpw- am-Xm-hn- ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- tam-si-sb-t∏-m-se- km-[m-cW

s≥-d-bpw- k-º¿-°-Øn¬-
\n-∂p-≈- km-[m-c-W-
P-\-\w-
Ip-Sp-w-_-Po-hn-Xw- `m-cy-bpw- a-°-fp-ap-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p-
Po-hn-Xm-¥yw- km-[m-c-W- a-c-Ww-
D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Øw- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- X-s≥-d-
P-\-X-bp-sS- `-c-Wm-[n-Im
cn-bpw-
]-Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø- X-s≥-d- P-\-X-°m-h-iy-am-
\n-b-a-߃- b- ]p-Xn-b- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-
(i-co-A-Øv)- Iƒ- ssZ-hw- C-t±-l-Øn-
eq-sS- \¬-In
-]-em-b-\w- a-Zo-\b-n-te-°v- t]m-tI-
≠n-h-∂p-
{]-hm-N-I-s\-∂- \n-e-bn¬-
k-º¿-°-an-√m-sX-bp-≈- P-\-\w-
A-Xv-`p-X-I-c-am-b-
A-km-[m-c-W- P-\-\w- -
`m-cy-bpw- tam-si-sb-t∏-m-se- `m-cy-bpw-a-°-fp-ap-
a-°-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√- ≠m-bn-cp-∂-p- -
A-km-[m-c-W- kw-`-h-߃- tam-si-sb-t∏-m-se- km-[m-cW- a-c-Ww-
{]-hm-N-I≥- am-{Xw- tam-si-sb-t∏-m-se- {]-hm-N-
I\pw- X-s≥-d- P-\-X-bp-sS-
`cWm-[n-Im-cn-bpw-
tams-i-bn-eq-sS- \¬-I-s∏-´- X-s≥-d- P-\-X-bv-°m-h-iy-am-b-
\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn-®v- ]p-Xn-b- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ- tam-si-°v-
Po-hn-°p-hm≥- am-{Xw- \¬-In-b-Xp- t]mse- C-t±-l-Øn-\pw-
P-\-ß-sf- ]-Tn-∏n-®p- ssZ-hw- \¬-In-
A-ß-s\-sbm-∂p- a-Zo-\-bn-te-°v- t]m-tI-≠n-
ap-≠m-bn-´n-√-.- h∂p-

ssZ-hn-I Po-hn-X-Im-e-Øp-X-s∂- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-´n-√- tam-si-sb-t∏-m-se- Po-hn-X -Im-e-Øv-

-{K-\v-Y-Øn-s≥-d- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´p-
t{Im-Uo-I-c-Ww-
kz-¥w- P-\-X-bp-sS- tam-si-bp-sS- t\-Xr-Xzw-
{]-Xn-I-c-Ww- B-Zyw- Xn-c-kv-I-cn-®p-sh-
¶n-e-pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- C-{km-Cu-
ey¿- kzo-I-cn-®p-
F-Xn-cm-fn-I-fpw- ^-tdm-h-bp-sS- B-fp-Iƒ-
i-{Xp-X-bpw- A-t±-l-sØ-bpw- A-\p-
bm-bn-I-sf-bpw \-in-∏n-
°m-\m-bn- A-h-km-\w-h-
sc- {i-an-®p.- A-h-km-\w-
^-tdm-h- \-in-®p.- tam-si-
hn-P-bn-®p.-
i-{Xp-°ƒ-s°-Xn-cn¬- B-Xv-ao-b-hpw- `u-Xn-I-hp-
t\-Sn-b- hn-P-bw am-b- hn-P-b-ap-≠m-bn-
C-∂p-h-sc- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d-
P-\-X- ]q¿-W-am-bn-
A-t±-l-sØ-
AwKo-I-cn-®n-´n-√-
A-ß-s\-sbm-∂p-
ap-≠m-bn-´n-√-
B-X-vao-b- hn-P-bw-
X-s∂- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´p.-
tam-si-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se- ap-l-Ω-Zn
-(A)-s≥-d- P-\-X-bpw A-t±--l-Øn-s≥-d-
t\-Xr-Xzw- B-Zyw- Xn-ck
- vI
- c
- n-s®-¶n-epw-
]n-s∂- ]q¿-W-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.-
_-lp-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b-
A-d-_n-Iƒ- A-t±-l-sØ-bpw- A-\p-
bm-b-n-I-sf-bpw- \-in-∏n-°m-\m-bn-
c-Iv-X-s®m-cn-®n-ep-I-fn¬- G¿-s]-´p.-
A-h-km-\w- _-lp-ssZ-h-Xzw- \-in-®p.-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-(A)- hn-P-bn-®p.-
tam-si-sb-t∏-m-se- B-Xv-aobhpw-
`u-Xn-I-hp-am-b- hn-P-b-ap-≠m-bn--

tam-si-,- tb-ip-,- ap-l-Ω-Zv-(A)- Po-hn-X-hpw- Zu-Xy-hpw˛H-cp- Xm-c-Xa-- y-]-T-\w.-- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v-

"tams-i-sb-t∏-m-e-p-≈- {]-hm-N-I≥- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)-bm-sW-∂v- kp-X-c-mw- hy-‡-am-Ip-∂p.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- B- c-≠v- hy-Iv-XnI-fp-sS-
Po-hn-X-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Zu-Xy-Øn-s≥-d-bpw-
k-am-\-X-sIm-≠v- am-{X-a-√.- {]-Xyp-X,- B-
{]-hN
- \
- Ø
- n¬- {]-kvX - m-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂- apgp-
h≥- Im-cy-߃- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)-bn¬-
]q¿-Øo-Ic - n-°s
- ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂X - m-Wv-
hm-kv-X-hw.-
C-{km-C-u-ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿-
A-h-cp-sS- k-tlm-Zc-∑m¿-°n-S-bn¬-\n-
∂m-Wv- \n-s∂-t∏-me - p-≈- {]-hm-NI - s
- \- Db
¿-Øp-I-sb-∂m-W-t√m- tam-si-{]-hm-N-I-
t\m-Sp-≈- ssZ-hn-I-hm-Kv-Zm-\w.- tam-si-
{]hm-N-I-s≥-d- P-\-X-bm-b- C-{km-Cu-ey-
cm-Wv- C-hn-sS- "A-h¿'- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xp-
sIm-≠v- hn-h-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- C-{km-Cu-
ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-∑m¿-°n-S-bn¬-\n-∂m-Wv-
B- {]-hm-N-Is≥-d- B-K-a-\-ap-≠m-hp-I-
sb∂- {]-hN - \- h - pw- ap-lΩ - Z- \ - n-(A)-bn¬-
v- _
h-f-sc- kv-]-jv-S-am-bn- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂p-≠v.- A-{_-lm-an-s≥-d- a-I-\m-b- C-kv-
lm-Jn-s≥-d- a-I-\m-Wv- C-{km-Cu-¬- F-∂v-
hn-fn-°s - ∏-´- bm-t°m-_v.- bm-t°m-_n-s≥d-
k- ¥ - X n- ] - c - º - c - b m- W v - C- { km- Cu- e y¿-
F∂-dn-bs - ∏-´X - v.- A-{_-lm-an-s≥-d- a-s‰mcp-
a-I-\m-b- C-kv-amCu-en-s≥-d- k-¥-Xn-I-fm-
Wv- A-d-_n-Iƒ.- A-ß-s\- t\m-°p-tºmƒ-
Ckv - a m- Cu- e y¿- A- Y - h m- A- d - _ n- I ƒ-
C{km-Cu-ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv.-
Ad-_nƒ-°n-Sb - n¬-\n-∂m-Wt- √m- ap-lΩ - Zn-
(A)-s≥-d- B-K-a-\-ap-≠m-b-Xv.- A-h-cp-sS-
ktlm-Zc - ∑ - m¿-°n-Sb - n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- tam-si-
sb-t∏-m-se-bp-≈- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- B-K-a-\-
ap-≠m-hp-I-sb-∂- ssZ-hn-I-hm-Kv-Zm-\-hpw-
apl-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)-bn¬- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-
s∏Sp-∂p.-
\m-hn¬- ssZ-h-h-N-\-߃-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- tam-si-sb-t∏-m-se-bp-
≈- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- a-s‰m-cp- A-S-bm-f-am-bn-
]-d-bp-∂-Xv- "Rm≥- F-s≥-d- h-N-\-߃-
Abm-fp-sS- \m-hn¬- \n-th-in-∏n-°pw'- F
∂m-Wt- √m-.- ssZ-hn-Ih - N- \- ß- f - p-sS- am-{Xw-
k-am- l
- m-cs - a-∂v- A-hI - m-is - ∏-Sm≥- I-gn-bp-
∂,-- C-∂v- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- G-I-{K-\v-Yw-
hnip-≤- Jp¿-B-\m-sW-∂- Im-cy-Øn¬-
kw-i-b-an-√.- a-s‰-√m-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn-epw- hn-ip-
≤-∑m-cp-sS-tbm- E-jn-am-cp-sS-tbm- c-N-\-I-
fp-ap-s≠-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- A-h-bp-sS- A-{]-am-
Zn-Xzw- kvY- m-]n-°m≥- {i-an-°p-∂h - ¿- X-s∂-
k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- Jp¿-B-\n-em-I-s´-
ssZ-hn-I-h-N-\-߃- am-{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.- ap-
l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)-kz-¥-am-bn- \n¿-an-®- Hcp-
hm-°p-t]m-epw- Jp¿-B-\n-en-√.-
Jp¿-B-\n-se- A-£-c-ß-sf-√mw- tam
si- {]-hm-NI - \- v- I¿-Øm-hv- X-ud - m-Øv- \¬-
In-b-Xp-t]m-se- en-Jn-X-cq-]-Øn¬- \¬-Ip-
I-b√ - sN-bvX - X- v.- a-dn-®.-v- K-{_n-tb¬- amem-
J- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- A-Sp-Øp-h-∂v- ssZ-h-h-
N-\-߃- Hm-Xn-t°ƒ-]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
B- h-N-\-߃- X-s≥-d- \m-hp-sIm-≠v- P-
\-ß-fp-sS- ap-ºm-sI- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-
Wv- A-t±-lw- sN-bv-X-Xv.- A-Y-hm- ssZ-hw-
]-eI- I- f
- n-em-°n-s°m-t≠m- a-‰p- tc-JI
°n-s°m-t≠m- A-√- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)-°v-
t_m-[-\-߃- \¬-In-b-Xv.- a-dn-®v,-A-t±-l-
Øn-s≥-d- \m-hn-te-°v- ssZ-hh - N
- \- ß- ƒ- \n-
th-in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- "Rm≥- F-
s≥-d- h-N-\-߃- A-bm-fp-sS- \mhn¬- \n-
th-in-∏n-°pw'- F-∂- h-N-\-hpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
\-_n- (A)bn¬- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-
∂p-sh-∂v- km-cw.-
a-s‰-√m-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn-epw- hn-ip-≤-
∑m-cp-sS-tbm- E-jn-am-cp-sS-tbm-
cN-\-I-fp-ap-s≠-∂- h-kv-Xp-X-
A-h-bp-sS- A-{]-am-Zn-Xzw- kv-Ym-
]n-°m≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h¿- X-s∂-
k-ΩX - n-°p-∂X - m-Wv.- Jp¿-B\ - n-
em-I-s´- ssZ-hn-I-h-N-\-߃-
am{X-am-Wp-≈X - v.- ap-lΩ
- Z- v\
- _
- n-
(A)-kz-¥-am-bn- \n¿-an-®- Hcp-
hm°p-t]m-epw- Jp¿-B-\n-en-√.-
"Rm≥- I¬-]n-°p-∂-sX-√mw- A-bmƒ-
A-h-tcm-Sv- ]-d-bpw'- F-∂-Xm-W-t√m- a-s‰m
cp- A-S-bm-fw.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)- ssZ-hn-
I-I¬-]-\-Iƒ-°v- A-\p-kr-X-am-bn-´m-bn-
cp∂p- kw-km-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-
(A)-bp-sS- kw-km-c-ß-sf-√mw- ssZ-hn-I-
t_m-[\ - Ø
- n-\v- A-\p-kc - n-®n-´m-bn-cp-∂p-sh
∂- Im-cy-Øn¬- kw-ib - s
- am-∂p-an-√.- Hmtcm-
hn-jb- ß-fn-epw- \mw- kzo-Ic - n-t°-≠- hn[n-
hn-e-°p-Iƒ- F-s¥-√m-am-sW-∂- ssZ-h-
I¬-]-\-I-sf-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp-∂p- A-t±-lw-
kw-km-cn-®-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- Cu-
A-S-bm-f-hpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-bn¬- ]q¿-Øo-
I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v- a-\- n-em-
°mw.-
kw-km-cw- ssZ-h\m-a-Øn¬-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I≥- kw-km-
cn-°p-∂- hm-°p-Iƒ- ssZ-h\m-a-Øn-em-bn-
cn-°p-sa-∂m-Wv-
tams-i-tbm-Sp-≈- ssZ-
hnI-hm-Kv-Zm-\-Øn¬- ]-d- 21
™n-cn-°p-∂- a-s‰m-cp- Im-cyw.-
C-Xv- ap-lΩ- Z- v\
- _ - n-(A)-bp- s - S- Imcy-
Øn¬- tbm-Pn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se- a-‰m-cp-
sS-bpw- Im-cy-Øn¬- tbm-Pn-°p-∂n-s√-∂-
Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- Hm-tcm- Im-cyw- ]-d-bp-
tºm-gpw- sN-øp-tºm-gpw- "]-c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I-
\pw- Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-am-b- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥d-
- f
- m-
\m-a-Øn¬'- F-∂p-®-cn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-
t±lw- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.- I-cp-Wm-
hm-cn-[n-bm-b- ssZ-h-Øns≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬-
F√m- Im-cy-ßf - pw- Xp-Sß - W - s - a-∂v- X-s≥d-
A-\p-bm-bn-I-sf- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-I-Iq-Sn- sN-bv-
X-bm-fm-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A).- a-s‰m-cp-
{]hm-N-I-s≥-d- N-cn-{X-Øn-epw- C-{X- kpµ-
c-am-b- H-cp- {]m-cw-`-hm-Iyw- ]-Tn-∏n-®-Xm-bn-
\-ap-°v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-∂n-√.-
hy-m-P-{]-hm-N-I-\-√-
tam-si-sb-t∏-m-e-p-≈- {]-h-m-N-I-s\-∂v-
A-h-Im-i-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v- h-cp-∂- hym-P- {]-
hm-N-I-∑m-sc-bpw- b-Ym¿-Y- - {]-hm-N-I-s\-
bpw- Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xn-\v- Hcp- A-
S-bm-fh- pw- B-h¿-Ø\ - ] - p-kvX- I - Ø
- n-se- \-
tS-D-≤-cn-®- hm-Iy-Øn-e-p-≠v.- B- {]-hm-N-
I-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-ß-sfm-∂pw- X-s∂- ]p-e-
cm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bn-s√-∂-X-s{X- A-Xv.- C-Xpw-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)-bn¬- ]q¿-W-am-bn- tbm-
Pn-°p-∂p.- ap-lΩ - Z- v\- _ - n-(A)- X-s≥-d- Pohn-
X-Im-e-Øv- \-S-Øn-b- {]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw-
ssZ-hn-It- _m-[\ - {- ]-Im-ca - m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xp-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂- A-t±-lØn-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-
ß-sfm-∂p-t]m-epw- ]p-e-cm-Xn-cp-∂n-´n-√.-
tdm-a-°m-cp-sS- hn-P-bw- ap-X¬- C-kv-em-an-
s≥-d- Zn-KznP-bw- h-sc-bp-≈- kw-`-h-ß-sf-
√mw- {]-hm-N-I≥- {]-h-Nn-®- kw-K-Xn-I-fm-
bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m.-
C-ß-s\- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- tam-si-
{]-hm-N-I-t\m-Sp-≈- ssZ-hn-I-hm-KvZm-\w-
]q¿-W-am-bpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(A)-bn-¬- ]q¿-
Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn- Im-W-m≥- I-gn-bpw.-
tams-is - b-t∏-me - p- ≈- - {]-hm-NI - ≥- apl-
Ω-Zm-(A)-sW-∂-Xn-\v- ss{I-kv-X-h- {K\v-Y-
Im-c-s≥-d- Aw-Ko-Im-cw:-
"A-t±-l-hp-am-bn- (tams-i)- A¬-]-sa-
¶n-epw- Xm-cX - a - y-s∏Sp-Øm-hp-∂- N-cn-{X-Øn-
se- H-tc-sbm-cp- hy-Iv-Xn- ap-l-Ω-Zm-Wv'˛-
Rev. James L. Dow, Dictionary of the
Bible. page 403.
(A-lv-a-Zv- Zo-Zm-Øn-s≥-d- The Choice
Vol I-t\m-Sv- I-S-∏m-Sv)
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
A-h-Im-in-
X-s≥-d- 147˛mw- h-b- -n¬- tcm-K-i-ø-
bn¬- In-S-°p-∂- bm-t°m-_v- X-s≥-d- ]p{X-
]u-{Xm-Zn-I-sf- hn-fn-®p-Iq-´n- Ip-sd-b-[n-Iw-
{]-h-N-\-߃- \-S-Øp-∂-Xm-bn- D¬-]-Øn-
]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s≥-d- \m¬-]-Øn-H≥-]-Xmw-
A-[ym-bØ - n¬- \mw- hm-bn-°p-∂p.- X-s≥d-
Hm-tcm- ]p-{X-∑m¿-°pw- kw-`-hn-°m≥- t]m-
Ip-∂- Im-cy-ßs - f- kw-_\ - v[
- n-®v- F-Æn-sb-
Æn- bm-t°m-_v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm-Wv- \-ap-
°v- Im-Wm≥-Ig - n-bp-∂X - v.- C-Xn¬- A-t±-lw-
\-S-Øp-∂- h-f-sc- {i-t≤-b-am-b- H-cp- {]-h-
N-\-ap-≠v.- A-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv- a-e-bm-fw-
ss_-_n-fn¬- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv-:- "Ah-
Im-in- h-cp-thm-fw- sN-t¶m¬- b-lq-Zm-bn¬-
\n-∂v- H-gn-™p-t]m-I-bn-√.- cm-P-Z-Wv-Uv-
Abm-fp-sS- ]m-Z-ß-ƒ-°n-S-bn¬-\n-∂v- am-dp-
I-bn-√.- P-\-X-I-fp-sS- hn-t[-b-Xzw- A-bm-
tfm-Sm-bn-cn-°pw'(D¬-]-Øn-49:-10).-
"jn-tem-lv'- F-∂m¬-
Cu- {]-hN - \- Ø - n¬- sN-t¶m-ep-sIm-≠v-
hn-h-£n-°p-∂-Xv- {]-hm-N-I-Xzhpw- cm-P-Z-
Wv-Up-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv- A-[n-Im-c-hp-
am-sW-∂m-Wv- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cp-sS- ]-£w.-
Ip-sd-°-m-ew- sN-t¶m-en-s≥-d-bpw- cm-P-Z-Wv-
Un-s≥-d-bpw- B-fp-Iƒ- X-s≥-d- ]p-{X-\mb-
b-lq-Z-bp-sS- ]-c-º-c-bn-ep-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-
sa-∂v- Zo¿-LZ- ¿-i\ - w- \-SØ- p-Ib - m-Wv- Chn-
sS- bm-t°m-_v- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- Zo¿-L-Im-ew-
{]-hm-NI- X- z-hpw- cm-PZ- W - vU - pw- b-lq-Z∑ - m¿-
°n-S-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-sa-¶n-epw- A-Xv- A-h-
cn¬-\n-∂v- A-I∂ - p-t]m-Ip-∂- H-cp- Im-eh - pw-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂- {]-h-N-\-hpw- Cu-
hm-Iy-apƒ-s°m-≈p-∂p-≠v.- blq-Zm-bn¬-
\n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d-bpw-
cm-P-Z-Wv-Un-s≥-d-bpw- Im-em-h-[n- A-h-Im-
i-n-bp-sS- B-K-a-\w-h-sc- am-{X-am-sW-∂m-
Wv- C-hn-sS- bm-t°m-_v- {]-h-Nn-°p-∂-Xv.-
B-cm-Wo- A-h-Im-in?- Cu- h-N-\
Øn¬- A-h-Im-in-sb-∂v- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- "jn-tem-lv'- (SHILOH)
F-∂- ln-{_p- ]-Z-sØ-bm-Wv.- ]-g-b-\n-b-
a-Øn¬- a-s‰-hn-sS-bpw- Cu- ]-Zw- H-cp- hyIv-
Xn-sb-Ip-dn-°m-\m-bn- {]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-´n-
s√-∂m-Wv- ss_-_nƒ- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- ]d-
bp-∂-Xv.- B-Zy-Im-e- ss_-_nƒ-{]-Xn-I-fn-
se-√mw- Cu- ]-Zw- ]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm-sX-
"jn-tem-lv'- F-∂p-X-s∂- {]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-
bm-bn-cp-∂p- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.- kn-dn-b≥-
]vio-Øm- ss_-_nƒ- ]-Xn-∏n-em-Wv- Cu-
]-Z-sØ- B-Zy-am-bn- "A-Xn-s≥-d- A-h-Im-
in'- F-∂v- ]-cn-`m-js - ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v.-
{]- h m- N - I - X z- Ø n- s ≥- d - sN- t ¶mepw-
A[n-Im-c-Øn-s≥-d- cm-P-Z-Wv-Upw- b-lq-Zm-
bn¬-\n-∂v- \o-°n-°-f-™p-sIm-≠v- {]-Xy-
£-s∏-Sp-∂- "jn-tem-lv'- B-cm-Wv?- jn-tem-
ln-s\-°-p-dn-®- bm-t°m-_n-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-
Øn¬-\n-∂v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xv-
Xm-sg-]-d-bp-∂- Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv.-
1.- jn-tem-ln-s≥-d- B-K-a-\-tØm-Sp-Iq-
Sn-bm-Wv- sN-t¶m-epw- A-[n-Im-c-Z-Wv-Upw-
bl-q-Z-hw-i-Øn¬-\n-∂v- \o-°w- sN-ø-s∏-
Sp-I.-
2.- jn-tem-lv- bl-q-Z-hw-i-Øn¬- s]-´-
h-\m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√.-
3.- sN-t¶m-epw- A-[n-Im-c-Z-Wv-Upw-
blq-Zc - n-em-Wp-≠m-bn-´p-≈s - X-¶n-epw- s]m-
Xp-sh- A-Xv- C-{km-Cu-ey-cp-tS-Xm-bn-´m-Wv-
]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-´p-t]m-∂n-´p-≈-sX-∂-Xn-
\m¬- A-Xv- \o-°w- sN-øp-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-
b-lq-Zm-bn¬-\n-∂v- sN-t¶m-epw-
A- [ n- I m- c - Z - W v - U pw- \o- ° w-
sNøp- ∂ - X n- \ p- t h- ≠ n- h- ∂ -
jntem-lv- tb-ip-hm-sW-∂v- hmZn-
°-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v.- C-Xv- Xo¿-Øpw-
A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-am-Wv.- H-∂m-
a-Xm-bn- tb-ip- H-cp- C{km-Cu-ey-
\m- W v . - c- ≠ m- a - X m- b n- tb- i p-
blq-Zm-bp-sS- ]p-{X-]m-c-º-cy-
Øn¬-s]-´-h-\m-Wv.-
C{km-Cu--ey-\m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√.-
jn-tem-lv- tb-ip-h-√-
b-lq-Zm-bn¬-\n-∂v- sN-t¶m-epw- A-[n-
Im-cZ- W
- Uv- pw- \o-°w- sN-øp-∂X - n-\p-th-≠n-
h-∂- jn-tem-lv- tb-ip-hm-sW-∂v- hm-Zn-°-
s∏-Sm-dp-≠v.- C-Xv- Xo¿-Øpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
c-ln-X-am-Wv.- H-∂m-a-Xm-bn- tb-ip- H-cp-
C{km-Cu-ey-\m-Wv.- c-≠m-a-Xm-bn- tb-ip-
b-lq-Zm-bp-sS- ]p-{X-]m-cº- c
- y-Øn¬-s]-´h
\m-Wv.- a-Øm-bn-bp-sS-bpw- e-qt- °m-kn-s≥d-
bpw- kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fn¬- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-
´n-cn-°p-∂- tb-ip-hw-im-h-en-bn¬- b-lq-Zm-
bp-s≠-∂- Im-cyw- {]-tXy-Iw- {]-kv-Xm-hy-
am-Wv.- b-lq-Z-\m-b- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- B-
K-a-\-Øn-eq-sS- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-
Xz-hpw- cm-Pm-[n-Im-c-hpw- b-lq-Z-cn¬-\n-∂v-
\o-°w- sN-ø-s∏-´p-sh-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- I-gn-bp-
∂-Xv?- A-t∏mƒ- jn-tem-lv- tb-ip-h-s√-∂-
Im-cy-Øn¬- kw-i-
b-Øn-∂-Im-i-an-√.- ]n
s∂- B-cm-Wv- jn-temlv?- 22
"jn-tem-ln'-s≥-d- A¿-Y-w-
jn-tem-lv- F-∂- ]-Z-sØ- ]-v-io
Øm- `m-jm-¥-c-Øn-em-Wv- B-Zy-am-bn-
"A-Xn-s≥-d- A-hI - m-in'-sb-∂v- ]-cn-`m-js - ∏-
Sp-Øn-b-sX-∂v- ]-d-™p-h-t√m.- {]-kv-Xp-X-
]-cn-`m-j- \n¿-h-ln-®- hy-Iv-Xn,- A-h≥,-
AXv- F-∂n-ß-s\- A¿-Y-w- h-cp-∂- asher
F-∂- ]-ZØ - n-s≥-d- Np-cp-°a - m-b- sh Dw- Ah-
t≥-d-Xm-Wv- F-∂¿-Y-w- h-cp-∂- loh- F-∂-
]-Z-hpw- Iq-Sn-t®¿-∂m-Wv- jn-tem-lv- F-∂-
]-Z-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂- [m-c-W-bp-
sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn-em-Wv- Cu- ]-Z-sØ-
"A-Xn-s≥-d- A-h-Imin-'- F-∂v- ]-cn-`m-j-
s∏Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
C-X-√m-Ø- c-≠v- km-[y-X-Iƒ- Iq-Sn-
jntem-lv- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn-s≥-d- hyp¬-]-Øn-
bp-am-bn- _-\[ v- s - ∏´v- ]-WU v- n-X∑ - m¿- Nq≠n-
°m-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v.- j-em-lv- (shalah)- F∂-
]-ZØ- n-s≥-d- cq-]m-¥c - a
- m-bn-cn-°mw- jn-tem
lv- F-∂-X-s{X- C-Xn-sem-∂v.- A-ß-s\-sb
¶n-¬- Cu- ]-Z-Øn-\v- "k-am-[m-\-]-cw'-,- "im
¥w',- "hn-iz-kvX - w'- F-∂n-ßs - \-bp-≈- A¿-
Y-ß-fm-Wv- h-cn-I.-
aq-∂m-a-sØ- km-[y-X- H-cp- ssI-∏n-i-
In-t≥-d-Xm-Wv.- G-tXm- H-cp- X-e-ap-d-bn¬-
Cu- ]-Zw- ]-I¿-Øn-sb-gp-Xn-b- hy-Iv-Xn- A
{i-≤- Im-c-Ww- A-h-km-\-sØ- A-£-cam-
b- lo-‰n-s≥-d- (heet)- s≥-d- C-SX - p-hi- w- th¿-
s]-Sp-Øn- F-gp-Xn-bX - p-Im-cw- A-Xv- (hi) bm
bn- am-dn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°mw- jn-tem-lv- F-∂-
]-Zw- A-hn-sS- h-cm-\p-≈- Im-cW - s - a-∂v- Icp-
Xm-\pw- \y-m-b-ap-≠v.- jn-tem-ln-se -e °p-
]-Ic - w- a B-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xv jm'ep-
lv- (shaluh) F-∂m-bn-cn-°pw- D-®-cn-°p-I.-
C-Xv- jm'-em-lv- (shalah) F-∂- {In-b-bn¬-
\n-∂p-≠m-bX - m-Wv.- A-b° - p-I,- {]-Xn-\n[o-
I-cn-°p-I- Xp-S-ßn-b- A¿-Y-ß-fp-≈- jm
em-ln¬- \n-∂p-≠m-b- jm'-ep-lp-sIm-≠v-
hn-h-£n-°-s∏-´-Xv- A-b-°-s∏-´-h≥- A-Y
hm- Zq-X≥- F-∂m-bn-cn-°m-\p-≈- km-[y-X-
- -
bm-Wv- aq-∂m-aX - m-bn- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°s - ∏Sp-
∂-Xv.-
A-hI - m-in,- k-am[m-\I - mw-£n- (A-s√-
¶n¬- hn-iz-kv-X≥),- Zq-X-≥- F-∂n-ß-s\-
aq-∂v- A¿-Yß - f - n-te-sX-¶n-ep-sam-∂v- D-t±in-
®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°pw- bm-t°m-_v- X-s≥-d-
]p-{X-∑m-tcm-Sv- b-lq-Z-bn¬- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-
sØ-bpw- cm-Pm-[n-Im-c-sØ-bpw- \o-°n-°-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 50 ¬)-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
""]m-]w- kv-]¿-in-°m-Ø- H-tc-sbm-cp- a-\p-jy≥- tb-ip-{In-
kv-Xp-hm''-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬- A-h≥- ssZ-h-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v-
F∂- A-Xy-[n-Iw- hn-Nn-{X-am-b- H-cp- hm-Z-K-Xn- ss{I-kv-X-h-
km-ln-Xy-ß-fn¬- kv-Y-ew-]n-Sn-®p-Im-Wp-∂p.- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-
s\- ssZ-h-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- {i-a-ß-fp-sS- `m-K-am-bn- a-\p-jy-N-
cn-{X-Øn-se- ]m-]-c-ln-X-\-m-b- H-tc-sbm-c-p- hy-Iv-Xn-bm-bn- At±-
l-sØ- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ,- ss{I-kv-X-h-hn-izm-k-Øn-s≥-d-
bpIvX - n-cm-ln-Xy-hpw- Zp¿-_e
- X
- b
- pw- hy-IvX
- a
- m-hp-Ib
- m-Wv sNøp-
∂Xv.- H-cp- {]-ap-J- ss{I-kv-X-h-km-ln-Xy-Ir-Xn-bn¬- C-{]-Imcw-
Im-Wmw-:-
""F-∂m¬- G-sX-¶n-epsam-cp- a-\p-jy≥- X-s≥-d- B-bp-jv-
Im-ew- ap-gp-h≥- cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- ssZ-hn-I-\n-b-a-߃- ]-cn-]q¿-
W-am-bn- A-\p-jv-Tn-°p-I-bpw- bm-sXm-cp- ho-gv-N-bpw- kw-`-hn-°m-
Ø-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-t≠m?- A-Xp-t]m-se- B-sc-
ss{I-kv-X-h-X-bpw-
]m-]-hn-ip-≤n-bpw-
d-Po-_v.- F-
¶n-epw- ssZ-h-sØ- ]q¿-W-a-\-t m-Spw- ]q¿-W- i-Iv-Xn-tbm-Spw-
]q¿-W- B-Xv-am-thm-Spw-Iq-Sn- kv-t\-ln-°p-I-bpw- Iq-´p-Im-c-s\-
X-s∂-t∏-m-se- kv-t\-ln-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn--´p-t≠m?- (a-Øm-bn-
22:-37˛39).- A-Y-hm- G-sX-¶n-epw- a-\p-jy≥- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- H-cn-
°¬-t]m-epw- H-cp- ]m-]-hpw- a-\- m-hm-Nm- I¿-aWm- sN-øm-
Ø-h-\m-bn-´p-t≠m?- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- C-jv-S-an-√m-Ø- H-cp- hm-°p-
t]m-epw- kw-km-cn-°m-Ø-h-t\m,- lr-Z-b-Øn¬- bm-sXm-cp- Zpiv-
Nn-¥-bpw- Zp-¿-tam-l-hpw- D-≠m-Im-Ø-h-t\m- B-b- h-√- a-\p-
jy-\pw- `q-an-bn¬- Po-hn-®n-´p-t≠m?- (C-tøm-_v-:- 4:-18,-19,- 15:-14˛16,-
25:-4˛6,- k-¶o¿-Ø-\-߃- 143:-2, tdm-a¿- 3:-20).- A-ß-s\-bp-≈-
H-tc-sbm-cp- a-\p-jy≥- am-{X-sa- Cu- `q-an-bn¬- Po-hn-®n-´p-≈q-:-
A-h\ - m-Wv- \-Ωp-sS- I¿-Øm-hm-b- tb-ip-{In-kvX - p''- (ao-km-\p¬-
l-Jv-:- t]-Pv- 150,- c-≠mw-`m-Kw,- Imƒ- Hm-^v- tlm-]v,- Im-bw-Ipfw,-
]p-Xn-b- ]-Xn-∏v-).-
a-\p-jy-s≥-d- kzm-`m-hn-I- bp-IX v- n-°p-ap-∂n¬- \n-ch - [
- n- kwi-
b-߃- D-b¿-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv- ta-ep-≤-cn-®- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-߃.-
a-\p-jy-cm-in-bn¬- P-\n-°p-∂- G-sXm-cp-h-\pw- ]m-]-Øn-s≥-d-
]-¶m-fn-bm-bn-´m-Wv- ]n-d-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂- ss{I-kv-X-h-Z¿-i-\-Øn-
se- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-X-Ø-zw- ap-X¬-°v,- {Xn-Xz-Øn-se- a-[y-kv-Ym-\-
Øv- h¿-Øn-°p-∂-h-\m-b- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- aq¿-Øo-cq-]-am-Wv-,-
B-f-Ø-am-Wv- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp- F-∂- X-Ø-zw- h-sc- k-I-e-Xpw-
ta¬-]-d-™- D-≤-c-Wn-°v- F-Xn-cm-Wv.-
tb-ip-{In-kvX - p- ]q¿-Wa
- \
- p-jy-\m-Wv,- ]q¿-Ws - sZ-ha - m-Wv- F-
∂- A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-Øn-se- H-∂mw-`m-Kw- (]q¿-W-a-\p-jy-\mWv-
tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-)- ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ- a-\p-jy-cm-in-sb- _m-[n-
®- P-∑-]m-]w,- A-h-s\-bpw- _m[n-°p-
sa-∂-Xv- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.- "H-cp-Ø≥- ]m]w-
sN-bv-X-Xn-\m¬- F-√m-h-cpw- in-£m¿-l-cm-bn- 23
Øo¿-∂p'- F-∂v- ta¬-{K-\v-Yw- t]-Pv- 151¬- Xs∂-
]-d-bp-∂p-.- a\p-jy-]p-{X-\m-bn- ]n-d-∂-- tb-ip- Cu- ]m-
]-hn-[n-bn¬-\n-∂v- (P-∑]m-]-Øn¬-\n-∂v)-- ap-Iv-X-\m-Ip-∂-
Xv,- A-h≥- ]m-]w- kv-]¿-in-°m-Ø-h-\m-I-bm-em-Wv- F-∂v- ]-d-
bp-∂-Xv- km-am-\y-_p-≤n-°v- \n-c-°p-∂-X-√.- ]n-d-hn-bneq-sS- {In-
kv-Xp-hn¬- k-∂n-th-in-°p-∂- ]m-]w- A-h-s≥-d- ssZ-h-Xz-hp-am-
bn- tbm-Pn-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂,- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- tNm-Zy-
߃- ss{I-kv-X-h-Nn-¥m-K-Xn-°v- ap-∂n¬- D-b¿-∂p-h-cp-∂p-:-
1.- H-cmƒ- ]m-]w- sN-øm-Xn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xpw- ]m-]-c-ln-X-
\m-bn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xpw- A-bmƒ- ssZ-h-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s≥-d-
am-\-Z-Wv-U-am-tWm?-
2.- ]m-]w- sN-øm-sX- Po-hn-°p-∂- G-sXm-cmƒ-°pw- ssZ-h-
am-Im≥- ta¬-]-d-™- B-i-bw- A-h-k-cw- kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-b-t√-
sN-øp-∂-Xv?-
3.- a-\p-jy-\m-bn- ]n-d-s∂-¶n¬- G-sXm-cmƒ-°pw- ]m-]w- sN-
øm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-hn-√.- F-¶n¬,- {In-kv-Xp- a-\p-jy-\m-bn- ]n-d-∂-
Xp-sIm-≠v- A-h-\pw- ]m-]w- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°n-t√?-
4.- "F-¶n-epw- H-cp- b-Ym¿Y- c-£-I≥- H-cp- a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cn-
t°-≠-Xpw- B-h-iy-am-Wv.- A-s√-¶n¬- A-h-\v- \-sΩ- {]-Xn-\n-
[o-I-cn-°phm-t\m,- a-\p-jy-h¿-K-Øn-s≥-d- X-e-bm-bn-cn-∏m-t\m-
I-gn-bp-I-bn-√'- (ao-km-\p¬- l-Jv-:- t]-Pv- 154).-
Cu- hm-Z-K-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®v- ]q¿-W-a-\p-jy-\pw- a-\p-j-y-h¿K-
Øn-s≥-d- X-e-bp-am-b- {In-kv-Xp- ]m-]w- sN-ø¬- A-h-s≥-d- a-\p-
jy-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- A-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv-.- {In-kv-Xp -]m-]w- sN-bv-tX-
]-‰q- F-∂p-h-cn-In¬- A-h≥- ssZ-h-am-Ip-∂-sX-ß-s\-bm-Wv?-
5.- ]m-]-˛]p-Wy-߃- a-\p-jy-cm-in-bp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´-Xm-
Wv.- ]m-]w- sN-øp-I,- sN-øm-Xn-cn-°p-I- Xp-S-ßn-b- ]-cn-K-W-\-
Iƒ- ssZ-h-sØ-°-p-dn-®v- Xo¿-Øpw- A-\m-h-iy-am-b- N¿-®-bpsS-
`m-K-am-Wv.- F-∂n-cn-s°- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- A-Ø-c-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
sam-cp- N¿-®- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bpw- A-h-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-
Xsb- - \n-tj-[n-°-em-Ip-∂n-t√?-
6.- a-\p-jy-≥-- P-∑-]m-]w- F-∂- H-cp- \n-Xy-]m-]ap-≈-h-\m-bn-
cn-s°,- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- hn-ip-≤-n- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- ]m-]-Øn-\v- ]cn-
lm-c-am-Ip-∂-Xv- F-{]-Im-c-am-Wv?-
7.- a-\p-jy-cn¬- ]m-]w- k-l-P-am-b-Xn-\m¬- tb-ip-hn-epw-
kl-P-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂- ]m-]w C-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cm≥- F-¥m-Wv-
\ym-bo-I-c-Ww?-
8.- a-\p-jy-P∑
- Ø - n-eq-sS- ]m-]Ø
- n-s≥-d- A-hI
- m-in-bm-bn- ]nd-
°p-∂- {In-kv-Xp- H-∂p-In-¬- B- ]n-d-hn-bn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy-\m-hp-
I-tbm-,- A-s√-¶n¬- ]m-]-cm-ln-Xy-Øn-eq-sS- ssZ-h-am-hp-I-tbm-
B-Wv- th-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- c-≠pw- H-∂n-®v- km-[y-a-√.- ]m-]-
cm-ln-Xy-Øn-eq-sS- H-cmƒ- ssZ-h-am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ- {In-kv-Xp-
hn-eq-sS- ]m-]-߃-°v- \m-iw-`-hn-°p-∂- a-\p-jy-cpw- ssZ-h-ambn-
ssZ-hh - p-ambn- B-Xva
- o-ba
- m-b- cq-]k
- m-Zr-iyw-,- k-a\
- n-c∏
- v- Ch-
sbm-∂p-a-√- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- i-cn-bm-b- B-Xv-ao-b- B-h-iyw.-
]m-]-hpw- ssZ-h-hn-cp-≤-am-b- {]-hr-Øn-I-fpw- kw-`-hn-®p-t]m
bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬- A-Xn¬-\n-∂p-≈- tam-N-\-am-Wv- B-h-iyw.-
]m-]ß - f- n¬-\n-∂p-≈- hn-ip-≤n-bn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy≥- H-cp-\nebv-
°pw- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- A-h-kv-Y-I-fn-te-°v-
sNs∂-ØpI- km-[y-a-√-.
Øo-cp-I-b-t√- sN-øp-∂-Xv?-
9.- ]m-]-c-ln-X¿- ssZ-h-ß-fm-Wv- F-∂- B-i-bw,- ssZ-h-ß-
fp-sS- kw-Jym-h¿-[-\-hn-\v- A-h-k-cw- kr-jv-Sn-°n-t√?-
10.- B-Xy-¥n-I-am-b- Cu- hm-Z-K-Xn- sN-s∂-Øp-∂-Xv- _lp-
ssZ-h-k-¶¬-]-Øn¬-,- A-Y-hm- kr-jv-Sn-]q-P-bn¬- A-t√?-
a-\p-jy-k-l-P-am-b- Xn-∑-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- ]q¿-W-am-bpw- A-I-
∂p-\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s\- ssZ-h-am-
°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- A-t\-Iw- ]-¶m-fn-I-sf- I-s≠-Øp-
hm≥- A-h-k-cw- \¬-Ip-∂- D-]-cn-kq-Nn-X- B-i-bw,- ip-≤-am-b-
ssZ-h-k-¶¬-]-Øn-\v- \n-c-°p-∂-X-√.- ssZ-h-sØ-bpw- a-\p-jy-
s\-bpw- k-a-\n-c-∏m-°p-∂- H-cp- X-Ø-z-im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- \ym-bo-I-
c-Ww- \¬-Im-\m-bn- {In-kv-Xy≥- Nn-¥-I¿- B-hn-jv-I-cn-°p-∂-
ta¬B-i-bw,- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- a-l-Ø-zw, ]q¿-W-X,- ]-c-am-[n-
Im-cw,- Hu-∂Xyw- F-∂n-h-bp-am-bn- Km-V-am-bn- hn-tbm-Pn-°p-
∂p.- H-cp-h-s≥-d- ]m-]w-aq-ew- a-\p-jy≥- ssZ-h-hp-am-bp-≈- k-a-
\n-c-∏n¬- \n-∂v- Xm-tgm-´v- t]m-bn- F-∂pw- B- ho-gv-N-bn¬\n-
∂pw- H-cp-h-s≥-d- _-en-bn-eq-sSbm-W- v- am-\-h-cm-in-°v- tam-N-\sa-
∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂n-S-Øpw- ]-e- {]-iv-\-ß-fp-≠v.-
H-∂m-a-Xm-bn-,- ]m-]w- sN-bv-Xv- ssZ-h-hp-am-bp-≈- k-a-\n-c-
∏n¬-\n-∂v- ho-Wp-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv- a-\p-jy-\m-Wv,- A-t∏mƒ- ]-cn-
lm-cw- sN-bv-Xv- Xn-cn-®p-sN-t√-≠-Xpw- a-\p-jy≥- X-s∂-bmbn-
cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.- c-≠m-a-Xm-bn,- Xm≥- in-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-eq-
sS- ssZ-hw- (ssZ-h-am-Wv- in-£- G-‰p-hm-ßn- Ip-cn-in¬- a-cn-°p-
∂-sX-¶n¬) kz-bw- ]m-]n-bm-bn-Ø-o-cp-I-bm-Wv.- ]-cn-ip-≤-\m-
b- H-cp- ssZ-h-Øn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂- G-sXm-cmƒ-°pw- C-Xv- Aw-
Ko-I-cn-°m≥- I-gn-bp-I-bn-√.- am-{X-hp-a-√,-
ss{I-kv-X-h- B-i-b-Øn-ep-≈- tb-ip-{In-kv-
Xp-hn-s≥-d- in-£-bn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy≥- ssZ-h-hp- 24
am-bn- \n-c-∏n-em-hp-I-b-√;- ssZ-hw- a-\p-jy-\p-am-bn-
\n-c-∏n-em-hp-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- ssZ-h-sØ- a-\p-jy-
t\m-fw- Xm-gv-Øp-I- F-∂-Xm-Wv-;- a-\p-jy-s\- ssZ-h-tØmfw-
D-b¿-Øp-I- F-∂-X-√- k-Xy-Øn¬ C-hn-sS- kw-`-
hn-°p-∂-Xv.-
A-Xy-[n-Iw- Zp¿-{Km-ly-am-b- H-cm-i-b-am-Wv- a-\p-
jy-s≥-d- ssZ-h-hp-am-bp-≈- k-a-\n-c-∏m-I¬.- C-Xv-
kw_-\v-[-am-bn- ss{I-kv-X-h- Ir-Xn-bn¬- C-{]-Imcw-
Im-Wmw-:-
1.- ""a-\p-jy≥- ssZ-h-km-Zr-iy-Øn¬- kr-jv-Sn-°-
s∏-´-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n-epw- ]m-]w-aq-ew- A-Xn-\v-
am‰w- kw-`-hn-®-Xn-\m¬- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- sF-Iy-Øn-epw- kv-t\-
l-Øn-epw- C-\n-bpw- H-cp-an-®v- ]m¿-°-W-sa-¶n¬- B- hn-ip-≤-
\m-b- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- ho-≠pw- B-Xv-ao-b-am-b- cq-]-km-Zr-iyw-
D≠m-tI-≠-Xv- B-h-iy-am-Wv-''- (t]-Pv- 146˛ao-km-\p¬- l-Jv).-
2.- ""]m-]nI-fm-b- \-ap-°v- B¿-°pw-X-s∂- \-Ωp-sS- kz-¥w-
I-gn-hn¬- ssZ-hs - Ø- {]-km-Zn-∏n-°p-hm-t\m- ]m-]ß - ƒ-°v- {]mb-
—-n-Øw- h-cp-Øp-hm-t\m- ]m-]-£-a- {]m-]n-°p-hm-t\m- A-Xyp-
∂-X-\m-b- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- \n-c-∏v- {]m-]n-°p-hm-t\m- I-gn-bp-∂-
X-√''- (t]-Pv- 152,- ao-km-\p¬- l-Jv).-
ssZ-h-hp-ambn- B-Xv-ao-b-am-b- cq-]-km-Zr-iyw-,- k-a-\n-c-∏v- C-
h-sbm-∂p-a-√- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- i-cn-bm-b- B-Xv-ao-b- B-h-iyw.-
]m-]-hpw- ssZ-h-hn-cp-≤-am-b- {]-hr-Øn-I-fpw- kw-`-hn-®p-t]m-bn-
´p-s≠-¶n¬- A-Xn¬-\n-∂p-≈- tam-N-\-am-Wv- B-h-iyw.- ]m-]-
ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- hn-ip-≤n-bn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy≥- H-cp-\n-ebv-°pw-
ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- A-hk - Y
v- I
- f
- n-te-°v- sN-s∂-ØpI-
km-[y-a-√-.- a-\p-jy-\v- A-h-s≥-d- I-gn-hpw- \n-b-{¥-W-hpw- hnth-
I-hpw- ssZ-hn-I-am-b- `m-Ky-hn-ln-X-hpw- A-\p-k-cn-®v- hn-ip-≤n-
bn¬- ap-t∂-dp-hm≥- I-gn-bpw.- ]-t£,- F-{X-X-s∂- ]m-]-ip-≤n-
t\-Sn-bm-epw- ˛P-∑-\m¬-X-s∂- hn-ip-≤-\m-bm¬-t]m-epw,- Po-hn-
X-Øn¬- H-cn-°¬-t]m-epw- ]m-]-kv-]¿-i-ta¬-°m-Xn-cp-∂m-epw-
˛a-\p-jy≥- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- Kp-W-KW-ß-fn¬- H-t∂m- A-X-n-e-
[n-I-tam- {]m-]n-°p-∂p-an-√.-
]m-]-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´- ss{I-kv-X-h- B-i-b-ß-fn¬-\n-
∂v- D-cp-Øn-cn-bp-∂- {]-iv-\-߃- ssZ-h-sØ-°-p-dn-®p-≈- i-cn-
bm-b- Im-gv-N-∏mSn-\v- \n-c-°p-∂-X-√.- ]m-]-hn-ip-≤n-bn-eq-sS- a\p-
jy≥- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- \n-c-∏m-I-p-∂p,- B-Xv-ao-b- k-Zr-i-Øn-em-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
Ip-∂p- F-∂-Xv- ssZ-h-am-bn- a-\p-jy≥- am-dp-∂p- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-
∂-Xn-\v- Xp-ey-am-Wv.- Xp-ey-am-b- Kp-W-K-W-ß-fp-≈- c-≠v- h-kv-
Xp-°-tfm- H-tc-kv-Y-e-Øpw- X-e-Øn-ep-ap-≈- c-≠v- h-kv-Xp-°-
tfm- A-√m-sX- km-[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬- "k-a-\n-c-∏n-em-hp-I'- F∂-
{]-tbm-Kw- h-cm-dn-√-t√m.- am-{X-hp-a-√,- "B-Xv-ao-b-am-b- km-Zr-
iyw'- F-∂- {]-tbm-Kw- k-Ø-bn-epw- B-Xy-¥n-I- D¨-a-bn-epw-
a-\p-jy≥- a-\p-jy-\pw- ssZ-hw- ssZ-h-hp-am-bncn-°qw- Ft∏m
k-Zr-iy-am-hp-I- F-∂- ]-cn-K-W-\-bn-ep-am-Wv.- Im-c-
gpw-.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- A-h-kv-Y-I-tfm- Kp-W-ß-tfm-
Ww- a-\p-jy-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®v,- "B-Xv-ao-bw'- F-∂-
hm-°v- A-h-s≥-d- ]-c-a-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-bp-sS- ]-cym- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- e-`n-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- a-\p-jy-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-t®m,-
b-am-W-t√m.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- Kp-W-ß-tfm- A-h-kv-Y-I-tfm-
a-\p-jy-s≥-d- ]m-]-hpw- hn-ip-≤n-bp-am-bn- _-\v- a\p-jy-\v- e-`n-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- ssZ-h-sØ- kw-_-\v-[n-t®m-
[-s∏-´- N¿-®-bn¬- C-kv-emw- {In-kv-Xp-a-X-hp-am-bn- `q-j-W-a-√-.
A-Sn-kY v- m-\]
- c
- am-bn-Øs- ∂- hn-tbm-Pn-°p-∂p- F∂-
Xv- kp-hn-Zn-X-am-W-t√m.- Cu- hn-tbmPn-∏n-s≥-d- hyIv-
X-am-b- Nn-{Xw- e-`n-°p-hm≥- Xm-sg- Ip-dn-°p-∂- ]-´n-I- k-lm-
bn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.-
{In-kv-Xp-a-X-Øn¬-
1.- a-\p-jy≥- ]m-]n-bm-bn- P-\n-°p-∂p.- 2.- B-Zy-a-\p-jy-\m-
b- B-Zmw- sN-bv-X- I¬-]-\m--ew-L-\-am-Wv- am-\-h-cm-in-sb- sam-
Øw- ]m-]n-I-fm-°n- am-‰n-b-Xv.- 3.- a-\p-jy≥- sN-bv-X- ]m-]-Øn-
\v- ssZ-hw- kz-bw- in-£- G-s‰-Sp-Øp.- 4.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- B-Zn-]m-
]w,- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- a-\p-jy-\m-bn- X-cw-Xm-gm-\p-≈- A-h-k-c-sam-
cp-°n.- 5.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- ]m-]-Øn-\v- a-\p-jy≥- in-£m¿-l-\m-
bn-Øo-cp-∂n-√.- 6.- H-scm-‰- a-\p-jy-\pw- ]m-]Ø - n¬-\n-∂p-≈- ]q¿-
W-am-b- hn-Sp-X¬-˛ kp-c-£- km-[y-ta-b-√.- 7.- A-ß-s\- H-cmƒ-
°v- km-[n-®m¬- A-h≥- ssZ-h-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.- 8.- ]m-]-kp-c-
£n-X-sc-√mw- A-Ø-c-Øn¬- ssZ-hw-X-s∂-bm-bn- am-dp-∂p.- 9.-
]m-]-Øn¬-\n-∂v- tb-ip-{In-kv-Xp-hn-eq-sS- tam-Nn-X-cm-Ip-∂- a\p-
jy¿- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- k-a-Xp-ey-cpw- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- \n-c-∏n-ep-
≈-hc - pam-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.- 10.- Np-cp-°Ø- n¬- ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- kvYm-
\w,- \n-c-∏v,- ]m-]-c-ln-X-\m-b- H-cp- a-\p-jy-t≥-d-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv,-
H-cp- \n-e-°pw- ap-I-fn-e-√.-
A-Xy-[n-Iw- _m-en-i-ß-fpw- bp-Iv-Xn-iq-\y-ß-fp-am-b- ta¬-
]-d-™- B-i-b-ß-sf- C-kv-emw- bp-Iv-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- hn-th-I-Øn-
s≥-d-bpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- J-Wv-Un-°p-∂p.-
C-kv-em-an¬-
1.- a-\p-jy-≥- hn-ip-≤h- pw- ]m-]c- l
- n-Xh
- p-am-b- A-hk
- vY
- b
- n¬-
P-\n-°p-∂p.- 2.- B-Zm-an-s≥-d- ssZ-h-I¬-]-\m-ew-L-\w,- A-h-
\n¬-Xs - ∂- H-Xp-ßn-\n¬-°p-∂- H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-s≥-d- in£-
sb-t∂m-Ww- B-Zmw- kz¿-K-Øn¬-\n-∂v-
Xm¬-°m-en-Ia - m-bn- ]p-dØ- p-t]m-tc-≠n-h∂- p.-
A-Xn-\v- a-\p-jy-cm-in-°v- kzo-Im-cy-am-b- {]-Xn- 25
hn-[n- ssZ-hw- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.-
3.a-\p-jy≥- sN-øp-∂- ]m-]w- ssZ-hw- G-s‰-Sp-°p-∂n-√,-
G-s‰-Sp-Øn-´p-an-√.- 4.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- B-Zn-]m-]-hpw- am-\-h-cm-
in- A-Xn-s≥-d- A-¥yw-h-sc- sN-øp-∂- F-√m- ]m-]-ß-fpw- a-\p-
jy-\n¬- am-{Xw- _-\v-[-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d-
a-l-Ø-z-Øn-\v- A-sXm-∂pw- bm-sXm-cp- Ip-d-hpw- \yq-\-X-bpw-
hcp-Øp-∂n-√.- 5. a-\p-jy-s≥-d- ]m-]w- F-{X- sN-d-p-tXm,- h-ep-
tXm- B-bm-epw- A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Wv- A-Xn-s≥-d- ]-cn-]q¿-W-
DØ-c-hm-Zn.- 6.- a-\p-jy-cm-in-bn¬- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø¿-°pw- kz-¥w-
I-gn-hpw- A-[zm-\-hpw- A-\p-k-cn-®v- ]m-]-Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-I-Øp-
\n¬-°m-\pw- hn-ip-≤n- - ]m-en-°m-\pw- ssZ-hw- k-lm-bh - pw- A\p-
a-Xn-bpw- \¬-Ip-∂p.- 7.- H-cmƒ- F-{X- hn-ip-≤-\m-bm-epw- A-bmƒ-
ssZ-h-sa-∂- hn-ti-j-W-a¿-ln-°p-∂n-√.- ]m-]-kp-c-£n-X-cmb-
{]-hm-N-I∑m¿-t]m-epw- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- kv-Ym-\-Øv- F-Øp-
∂-h-tcm- A-ß-s\- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥- A¿-l-tcm- A-√.- 8.- ]m-
]-kp-c-£n-X¿- H-cn-°-epw- a-\p-jy-c-√m-Xm-Ip-∂n-√.- 9.- ]m-]-c-
£-bv-°v- ssZ-hw- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p-X-cp-∂- am¿-K-Øn-eq-sS- \o-
ßp-∂-h¿- H-cn-°-epw- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- k-a-\n-c-∏n-se-Øp-I-tbm-
a-\p-jy-s≥-d- ]m-]-tam-N-\w- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- a-lØ-z-amhp-I-tbm-
sN-øp-∂n-√.- 10.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- kv-Ym-\w,- F-∂pw- F-°m-e-
Øpw- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- h-f-sc- ap-I-fn-epw- D-∂-Xn-bn-epw-X-s∂-bm-
Wv.- a-\p-jy≥- F-{X- a-l-Ø-z-]q¿-W-\m-bm-epw- A-h≥- ssZ-h-
Øn-te-°v- (ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- ]-Z-hn-bn-te-t°m- a-l-Ø-z-Øn-te-
t°m)- F-Øp-∂n-√.-
a-\p-jy≥- a-\p-jy-\pw- ssZ-hw- ssZ-hh - p-am-bncn-°qw- Ft∏m-
gpw-.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- A-h-kv-Y-I-tfm- Kp-W-ß-tfm-
ssZ-h-Øn-\v- e-`n-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- a-\p-jy-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-t®m,-
ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- G-sX-¶n-epw- Kp-W-ß-tfm- A-h-kv-Y-I-tfm- a\p-
jy-\v- e-`n-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- ssZ-h-sØ- kw-_-\v-[n-t®m- `q-j-W-
a-√;- - - a-lX - Øzw- \¬-Ip-∂-- Im-cy-a√ - .-- kr-jvS- n-˛{k-jvS- m-hv- F∂o-
A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-Iƒ-°-I-Øv- bp-Iv-Xn-`-{Z-am-bn- \n-£n-]v-X-am-Ip-∂-
B-i-b-ß-fm-Wv- kzo-Im-cyw.-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy-\v- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- k-a-\n-c-∏m-Im≥-
km-[n-°p-∂p- F-∂X - v- ss{I-kvX - h - - hn-izm-kØ - n-s≥-d- H-cp- hen-
b- ta- ∑ b
- m-
b n- {In- k vX
- o-b - {]- N m-
c I
- ¿- F-S p-
Ø p-Im-Wn-°m-dp≠v.-
Cu- hm- Z - K - X n- a- \ p- j y- P o- h n- X - Ø n¬- F- ¥ v - ta- ∑-bm-Wv- kr-jv-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 46 ¬)-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
Rm-\-dn-bp-∂- C-kv-emw
_o-\m- e-£v-an- t\-{]mw,- a-Wn∏-q-c- v
sIm-®n-bn-se- t^m-dw- t^m¿- s^-bv-Øv- & -{^-t‰¿-Wn-‰n- F-∂- kw-L-S-\- tZ-io-b-X-e-Øn¬,-
ap-kv-enw-I-f-√m-Ø- k¿-h-I-em-im-e-m- hn-Zym¿-Y-n-Iƒ-°p-th-≠n- Cw-•o-jn¬- \-S-Øn-b- {]-_-\v-
[-c-N-\m- a-Xv-k-c-Øn¬- c-≠-mw- k-Ωm-\w- e-`n-®- {]-_-\v-[w.- -
]-cn-`m-j-:- sI.-F-kv.- A-_v-Zp¬- I-cow.
C-kv-em-an-s\-°-p-dn-®v- tem-I-Øv- ]-c-
∂n-´p-≈- [m-c-W- A-Xv- {Iq-c-X-bp-sS-bpw-- a-
X-hn-tZz-j-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- a-X-am-sW-∂m-Wv.-
Cu- {]-_-\v-[-a-Xv-k-c-Øn¬- B-Ir-jv-S-bm-
bn- C-kve- m-an-s≥-d- B-Xv-am-hn-eq-sS- H-t´sd-
bm-{X- sN-bv-X-t∏-mƒ- C-kv-emw- h-f-sc-
at\m-l-c-am-b- H-cp- a-X-am-sW-∂v- F-\n-°v-
t_m-[y-am-bn.-
"Zn-ko-kv- C-kv-emw'- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬-
hn-hc- n-®X
- p-t]m-se- C-kve- mw- tI-he - w- Hcp-
a-Xw- am-{X-a-√,- A-sXm-cp- k-ºq¿-W- Pohn-
X-{I-aw- -Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- A-Xv- H-tc- k-a-bw- aX-
hpw- a-l-Øm-b- H-cp- kw-kv-Ir-Xn-bp-am-Wv.-
{]-i-kv-X- C-kv-em-an-I- ]-Wv-Un-X≥-
_¿-Wm¿-Uv- se-hn≥-kn-s≥-d- hm-°p-Iƒ-
D-≤-cn-°-s´:- ""C-kv-emw- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- hn-
izm-k-tam- B-c-m-[-\-tbm- am-{X-a-√,- A-Xv-
cm-j{v- S-hpw- k-aq-lh - pw- \n-ba
- h
- y-hk
- Y
v- b
- pw-
Nn-¥b - pw- I-eb
- pw- F-√mw- Dƒ-s°m-≠- Hcp-
Po-hn-X- hy-h-kv-Y-bm-Wv.- a-X-hn-izm-kw-
Ch-sb-sb-√mw- H-∂n-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- ta¬-
t°m-bv-a-tbm-sS- h¿-Øn-°p-∂p''.-
100 tIm-Sn- hn-izm-kn-If- p-≈,-- sk-an-‰nIv-
h¿-K-Øn¬-]n-d-∂- A-Xn-k-º-∂-hpw- Du¿-
P-kz-e-hp-am-b- H-cp- a-X-am-Wv- C-kv-emw.-
apl-ΩZ- v\- _
- n-bn-eq-sS- 7˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- A-
Xv- am-\-h-cm-in-bp-sS- `m-Kt[-b-am-bn.- tem-
I-a-X-ß-fn¬ C-∂v- - C-kv-emw- c-≠mw-kv-
Ym-\-Øm-Wv.-
C-kv-emw- F-∂- hm-°n-s≥-d- A¿-Y-w-
Atß-b-‰w- Xm-gv-a- Im-Wn-°p-I,- ssZ-h-
Øn¬- k¿-h-hpw- k-a¿-]-n-°p-I F-s∂m-
s°-bm-Wv.- ssZ-h-k-∂n-[n-bn¬- Po-hn-Xw-
k-a¿-]-n-°p-I- F-∂p-]-d-™m¬-˛ ssZ-h-
tØm-Sp-≈- kv-t\-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- `-Iv-Xn-
bp-sS-bpw- ]-c-a-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-bm-W-Xv,-
ssZ-hn-I-t_m-[-\w- D-]m-[n-bn-√m-sX- kzo-
I-cn-°p-hm≥- a-\p-jy-s\- ]m-I-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂- H-cp- ]-cn-Wm-a-{]-{In-b-bm-W-Xv.- H-cp-
apkv-enw- ssZh-sØ- kv-t\-l-hm-bv-t]m-sS-
bm-Wv- A-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- kz-¥w- a-I-s\-
ssZ-hm-Pv-R-b-\p-k-cn-®v- _-en-b¿-]-n-°m≥-
X-bm-dm-b- A-{_-lm-an-s≥-d- ]-ca- a
- m-b- ssZ-
h-kv-t\-lw- H-cp- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-sb-Sp-°mw.-
ssZ-h-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-°v-
A-h-X-cn-®v- In-´n-b- hn-ip-≤- {K-\v-Y-am-b-
Jp¿-B-\m-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-
\-t{km-X - v-.- Jp¿-B≥- F-∂- ]-ZØ - n-s≥d-
A¿-Y-w- hm-b-\- (]m-cm-b-Ww)- F-∂m-Wv.-
k-Xym-k-Xy-߃- hn-th-Nn-®-dn-bp-∂- {K-
\vYw- (^p¿-Jm≥)- F-∂pw- C-Xn-\¿-Ya - p-≠v.-
ap≥- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-ß-sf- Jp¿-B≥- i-cn-
sh°p- I - b pw- ]q¿- Ø o- I - c n- ° p- I - b pw-
sNøp∂p.-
40 h-b-kp-≈-t∏m-gm-Wv- B-Zy-sØ-
ssZ-hn-I- k-tµ-iw- {]-hm-N-I-\v- e-`n-®-Xv.-
Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d- B-Zy- hm-N-Iw-X-s∂-
t]-\b - p-sS-bpw- A-dn-hn-s≥-db - pw- i-IXv- n-sb-
{]-Io¿-Øn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- 114 A-[ym-b-ß-
fpw- 6000te-sd- h-N-\-ß-fpw- Jp¿-B-\n-ep-
≠v.- 23 h¿-jw-sIm-≠m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- ]q¿-
W-am-bn- \-_n-°v- e-`n-®-Xv.- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-
ap-db
- v°
- √- - t{Im-Uo-Ic - W
- w.- a-Zo-\b- n¬-sh-
®v- e-`n-®- h-en-b- kq-d-Øp-Iƒ- (A-[ym-b-
߃)- B-Zy-hpw- a-°b - n¬-sh-®v- e-`n-®- sN-
dn-b- kq-dØ- p-Iƒ- A-hk - m-\h- p-am-Wv- tN¿-
26
Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
tem-I-a-X-am-bn- h-f¿-∂- Ckv-emw-
ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d-- X-s∂- Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬-
\n-∂m-Wv- B-Zy-am-bn- Cu- ]p-Xn-b- hn-izm-
k-Øn-te-°v- A-\p-bm-bn-I-sf- e-`n-®-Xv.-
\_n-bp-sS- `-m-cy- JZo-P-bpw- A-Sn-a-Ø-
Øn¬-\n-∂pw- kz-X-{¥-\m-b- sk-bv-Xpw-
sIm-®m-∏-bp-sS- a-I-\pw- a-I-fp-sS- `¿-Øm-
hp-am-b- A-en-bpw- B-Zyw- - ap-kv-enw-I-fm-
bn.- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d- Nn-c-Im-e-kp-lr-Øv- A-
_q-_-°¿- Xm-a-kn-bm-sX- C-kv-emw- kzo-
I-cn-®p.- I-ayq-Wn-‰n- kv-t‰-‰v- (k-aq-l-cm-jv-
{Sw)- F-∂- \n-e-bn-em-Wv- C-kv-emw- {]-Np-c-
{]-Nm-cw- t\-Sn-b-Xv.- A-Xv- H-tc-k-a-bw- hn-
izm-k-hpw- kw-kv-Im-c-hpw- km-aq-ln-I-˛cm-
jv-{So-b- {]-kv-Ym-\-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- \-_n-bp-
sS- a-c-W-m-\-¥-cw- Ip-d-™- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-
°p-≈n¬- h-S-°≥- B-{^n-°- ap-X¬- sX-
°p-In-g-°≥- G-jy-h-sc- hym-]n-®- H-cp- a-
lm-km-{am-Py-am-bn- A-Xv- h-f¿-∂p.- ap-l-
Ω-Zn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-e-_v-[n-bp-sS- B-Zy-
]Øp-h¿-jw- Zp-cn-X-]q¿-W-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ- A-t±-l-sØ- A-]-am-\n-®p.-
Ip-‰m-tcm-]-W-߃- \-S-Øn.- {Iq-c-am-bn-
]oUn-∏n-®p.-
a-°-bn-se- km-aq-l-n-I- km-º-Øn-I-
Ak-aX - z-ßs
- f- F-Xn¿-°p-Ib - pw- G-Is
- sZ-
h- hn-izm-kw- {]-N-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-
ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- i-Iv-Xcpw- k-º-∂-cp-am-b-
a°m-tKm-{X-Ø-e-h-∑m¿-°v- H-cp- sh-√p-hn-
fn-X-s∂-bp-b¿-Øn.- X-ß-fp-sS- ]m-c-º-cy-
hn-izm-k-sØ-bm-Wv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- F-Xn¿-
Ø-Xv.- X-ß-fp-sS- A-¥- -n-s\-bpw- A-[n-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
Im-c-sØ-bpw- A-h¿- tNm-Zyw- sN-bv-Xp.- CXv- A-h¿-°v-
k-ln-°m-\m-bn-√.-
a-°-bn¬- Po-hn-Xw- Zp- -l-am-b-t∏mƒ- kz-b-c-£-
°mbn- Ip-d-®v- A-\p-bm-bn-I-sf- A-_v-ko-\n-b-m-bn-te-°v-
\-_n- ]-d-™b®p.-
F.-Un.- 622¬- ap-l-Ω-Zv- 200Hm-fw- A\p-bm-bn-I-tfm-sSm-
∏w- a-Zo-\-bn-te-°v- ]em-b\w- sN-bv-Xp.-
am¿-´n≥- enw-Kv-kv- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥d- {]-kn-≤- Ir-Xn-
bn¬- (Muhammed his life based on the earlist sources)
ap-l-Ω-Zv- a-°- hn-t´m-Sn-t∏m-hp-tºmƒ- \-S-Øn-b- {]-kv-X-m-
h-\- D-≤-cn-°p-∂-Xv- C-ß-s\-bm-Wv-:- ""ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- `qan-
bn¬- F-\n-°v- G-‰-hpw- {]n-b-¶-c-am-b-Xv- a-°-bm-Wv.- ssZ-
h-Øn-\v- G-‰-hpw- {]n-b-¶-c-am-b-Xpw-˛ F-s≥-d- Bƒ-°m≥-
F-s∂- C-hn-sS-\n-∂pw- Hm-Sn-®n-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- Rm-\n-
hn-sS-\n-∂v- t]m-Ip-I-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p''.-
F.-Un.- 622 sa-bv- 27\v- {]-hm-N-I≥- a-Zo-\-bn¬- FØn-
t®¿-∂p.- A-hn-sS- te-mI - Ø
- n-se- B-Zy-sØ- ap-ke v- nw- ]≈n-
°v- A-t±-lw- X-d-°-√n-´p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- te-m-I-sa-ßpw- hym-
]n®- H-cp- C-kv-em-an-I-cm-jv-{S-k-ap-®-b-Øn-\v- a-Zo-\-bn¬-
A-t±-lw- Xp-S-°w-Ip-dn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
C-kv-em-an-I- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- A-sXm-cp- ]p-Xn-b- bp-K-∏nd-
hn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
F.-Un.- 624,- 625, 627 h¿-jß- f- n¬- Xp-S¿-®b - m-bn- {]Xn-
tcm-[Ø
- n-\v- am-{Xw- \-_n-°v- ]-e- bp-≤ß - f- n-epw- G¿-s]tS-
≠n-h-∂p.- A-h-km-\w- hn-P-b-{io-em-fn-X-\m-bn- A-t±-lw-
a-°-bn¬- Xn-cn-s®-Øn.- a-°-°m¿- ap-gp-h≥- C-kv-emw- aXw-
kzo-I-cn-®p.- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d- t\-Xr-Xzw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏´p.-
F.-Un.- 632 Pq-Wn¬- a-°m-hn-Pb- w- I-gn-™v- aq-∂v- amk-
Øn-\p-≈n¬- \-_n- a-c-W-a-S-™p.- A-Xn-\-Iw- A-td-_y-
ap-gp-h≥- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- sIm-Sn-°o-gn¬- A-Wn-\n-c-∂p-Ign-
™n-cp-∂p.-
{]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- h-N-\-ß-fn¬- C-kv-
em-an-s≥-d- kw{K-lw- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- ""A-dn-bp-I,-
Hmtcm- ap-kv-en-apw- ]-c-kv-]-c- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv.- \n-߃-
H-tc- km-tlm-Z-cy-Øn-em-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- kz-¥w-
k-tl-mZ- c
- \
- v- A-hI - m-is
- ∏-´X
- v- A-bmƒ- k-t¥m-jt- ØmsS-
\¬-In-bm-e-√m-sX- ˛B-cpw- _-em¬-°m-c-am-bn- ˛ssI-h-
i-s∏-S-p-Ø-cp-Xv''.-
{]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- a-c-Ww- t\-Xr-Xz-sØ-bpw- A-[n-Im-c-
sØ-bpw- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- H-cp- h-en-b- {]-Xn-k-\v-[n-X-s∂-
100 tIm-Sn- hn-izm-kn-I-fp-≈,-- sk-an-‰nIv- h¿-K-Øn¬-]n-d-∂-
A-Xn-k-º-∂-hpw- Du¿-P-kz-e-hp-am-b- H-cp- a-X-am-Wv- C-kv-emw.-
apl-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bn-eq-sS- 7˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- A-Xv- am-\-h-cm-in-
bp-sS- `m-Kt[-b-am-bn.- tem-I-a-X-ß-fn¬- C-kv-emw- c-≠mw-
kvYm-\-Øm-Wv.-
kr-jSv- n-°p-Ib
- p-≠m-bn.- F.-Un.- 632¬- a°-
bn¬- Jn-em^-Øn-\v- Xp-S-°-am-bn.- F.Un.- 661
h-sc- A-Xv- \o-≠p-\n-∂p.- 27
F.-Un.- 661 ap-X¬- 750h-sc- D-a-ø-x- hw-i-Øn-s≥-d-
`cW-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F.-Un.- 750 ap-X¬- 1258h-sc- A-∫m-kn-
Iƒ- C-kv-em-an-Iv- `-c-W-Øn-s≥-d- A-a-c-°m-cm-bn.- a-Zo-\,-
Iq^,- U-am-kv-I-kv,- _m-Kv-Zm-Zv- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-te-°v- Xp-
S¿-®b - m-bn- `-cW
- k
- n-cm-tI-{µw- am-‰n-kY
v- m-]n-®p-sIm-≠v- Hcp-
h-enb- C-kv-em-an-I- km{am-Pyw-X-s∂- A-h¿- sI-´n-∏-Sp-
Øp.- Cu- cm-jv-{So-b- ap-t∂-‰-ß-tfm-sSm-∏w-X-s∂,- \nbaw,-
ssh-Zy-im-kv-{Xw,- X-Ø-zPv-Rm-\w,- kmln-Xyw,- ssh-Zyw,-
K-Wn-Xw,- im-kv-{Xw,- I-e- Xp-S-ßn-b- H-t´-sd- ta-J-e-I-fn¬-
H-cp- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-am-b- ap-t∂-‰-Øn-\v- A-∫m-ko-`-c-Ww-
km-£yw-h-ln-®p.-
tPm¨- F-ktv- ]m-kn-t‰m-bp-sS- hm-°p-Iƒ- {i-≤n-°pI:-
""km-bp-[- k-ac- Ø
- n-eq- s
- S- am-{X-a√
- ,- k-am-[m-\]
- c
- a
- m-b- am¿-
K-Øn-epw-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p- C-kv-em-an-I- km-{am-Pyw- h-f¿-
∂v- hn-I-kn-®-Xv.- ]n¬-°m-e- \q-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬- B-{^n-°,-
C-¥y≥- D-]-`q-J-Wv-Uw,- ku-Øv- Cu-kv-‰v- G-jy- Xp-S-
ßn-b- A-t\-Iw- `q-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn¬- C-kv-emw- {]-Nm-c-Ww-
t\-Sn-b-Xv- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- ap-kv-enw- I-®-h-S-°m-cp-sS-bpw-
kq-^n-an-j\-dn-am-cp-sS-bpw- {i-a-^-e-am-bn-´p-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-
cp∂p.- am-Xr-Im-]-c-am-b- Po-hn-Xw-sIm-≠pw- {]-t_m-[-\-
coXn sIm-≠pw- C-h¿- A-t\-I-sc- C-kv-em-an-te-°v-
BI¿jn®p''.-
C-kv-em-anse- ssZ-him-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-Ø-d-
1.- ssZ-h-k-¶¬-]w- C-kv-em-an¬-:- ""{]-Jym-]n-°p-I-;-
Ah≥- A-√m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p.- G-I≥.- A-√m-lp- B-cp-sS-bpw-
B-{i-bw- th-≠m-Ø-h-\pw- F-√m-h-cm-epw- B-{i-bn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂-h-\p-am-Ip-∂p.- A-h-\v- k-¥-Xn-bn-√.- A-h≥- B-cp-
sS-bpw- k-¥m-\-hp-a-√.- A-h-\v- X-p-ey-\m-bn- - B-cp-an-√''-
(112:-1˛4).-
""A-√m-lp-h√ - m-sX- a-s‰m-cp- ssZ-ha
- n-√.- ap-lΩ
- Z- v- A√m-
lp-hn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I-\m-Ip-∂p''.-
a-‰p- a-X-ß-fp-tS-sX-∂-t]-m-se- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d-bpw-
tI{µ-_n-µp- ssZ-h-k-¶¬-]w-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.- ssZ-hw- {]-
]-©- {k-jv-Sm-hm-Wv-˛ kw-c-£-I-\m-Wv.- k¿-h-Pv-R-\pw-
k¿-thm-∂-X\p-am-Wv.- A-√m-lp-h-√m-sX- a-s‰m-cp- ssZ-h-
an-√- F∂- hn-izm-kw,- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- hn-
izm-k-am-Wv.- ssZ-h-sØ-°-p-dn-°p-∂- ""A-√m-lp''- F-∂-
A-d-_n- ]-Zw- ]-e-Xpw-sIm-≠pw- k-hn-ti-j-X-b¿-ln-°p-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
{]hm-N-I∑m-cn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy-h¿-K-Øn-\v- \¬-Ip-∂- Zn-hy-
ktµ-i-߃-X-s∂- a-\p-jy-tc-m-Sp-≈- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- Im-cp-
Wy-Øn-s≥-d- ]m-c-ayw- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- ssZh-
Øn-s≥-d- {]hm-N-I-\m-bn- A-b-°-s∏-´-Xp-X-s∂- ssZ-h-
Øns≥d- Im-cp-Wy-Øn-\v- an-I-®- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.-
∂p.- A√m-lp-hn-\v- _-lp-h-N-\an-√.- ]p-√nw-K-tam- kv-{Xo-
enw-K-tam- C-√.- am-{X-a-√,- G-sX-¶n-epw- Z-r-iy-cq-]-ß-tfm-Sv-
A-Xn-\v- km-Zr-iy-hp-an-√.- {]-Ir-Xn-bm-cm-[\
- s
- b-bpw- A-ssZz-
X- kn≤m-¥-sØ-bpw- C-kv-emw- \n-cm-I-cn-°p-∂p.- ssZ-h-
Øn\v- ]-¶p-Im-cn-√,- A-h≥- G-I-\m-Wv- F-∂-Xm-Wv- C-kv-
em-an-se- G-‰-hpw- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- hn-izm-kw.- -ssZ-h-Øn-\pw-
A-hs - ≥-d- kr-jvS- n-°pw- C-Sb
- n¬- a-[y-h¿-Øn-bn-√.- ssZhw-
a-\p-jy-t\m-Sv- A-tß-b-‰w- A-Sp-Ø-h-\m-sW-∂-m-Wv- Ckv-
em-an-I-- Z¿-i-\-w- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- a\p-jy¿- H-tc- am-Xm-]n-Xm-
°-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈-h-cm-Wv-,- A-h¿- ]-c-kv-]cw- k-tlm-Z-c-ß-
fm-Wv- F-∂-m-Wv- Jp¿-B-\n-I- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv.-
{]-Ir-X-n-°-v bm-sXm-cp- Zn-hy-Xz-hpw- C-s√-∂- kn-≤m-
¥-am-Wv- Xu-lo-Zv.- {]-]-©-Øn-ep-≈-sX-√mw- kr-jv-Sn-°-
s∏-´-Xm-Wv.- A-h-sb-√mw- \-iz-c-am-Wv.- ssZ-h-Øn-s\m-gn-
sI- a-s‰m-∂n-\pw- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- ]-I-c-am-Im≥- I-gn-bn-√.-
ssZ-h-Øn-te-s°-Øm≥- H-cn-S-\n-e-°m-c-\pw- B-h-iy-an-√.-
ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- ]-c-am-[n-Im-c-hpw- A-{]-am-Zn-Xz-hpw- ""ssZ-
hw- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- a-lm-\m-Wv''- (A-√m-lp- A-Iv-_¿)-
F-∂- {]-Jym-]-\-Øn-eq-sS-X-s∂- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
{]m¿-Y-\-°v- ap-º-p-≈- _m-¶p-hn-fn-bn¬- A-√m-lp- A-Iv-
_¿- F-∂- a-{¥-[z-\n- B-h¿-Øn-®v- - ap-g-ßp-∂p!-
tP-m¨- Fk-v-t]m-kn-t‰m- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""Jp¿-B-\n-se-
ssZ-hw- H-cp- kz-Im-cy- ssZ-hw- Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d-
\m-Un-R-c-ºn-s\-°mƒ- A-h≥- ssZ-h-tØm-Sv- A-Sp-Ø-h-
\m-Wv- F-∂v- Jp¿B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p.- Zp-cn-X-Øn-em-≠- H-cp-
a-\p-jy≥- ssZ-h-sØ- hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ- ssZ-hw- {]-Xn-I-cn-
°p-∂p.- C-Xn-ep-]-cn- ssZ-hw- am¿-K-Z¿-i-I-\m-Wv.- A-h≥-
t\-cm-b-h-gn- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p''- (C-kv-emw- Zn- kv-
ss{S‰v- ]m-Øv).-
Iq-Sm-sX- Jp¿-B-\n-se- ssZ-hw- Z-bm-]-c-hpw- \o-Xn-am-
\p-am-Wv.- Jp¿-B-s≥-d- Hm-tcm- A-[ym-b-hpw- ssZ-h-Øn-
s≥-d- Cu- hn-ti-j-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv- B-cw-`n-°p-∂-
Xv.- d-lv-am≥,- d-low- F-∂o- ]-Z-߃- "d-l-va-Øv'- F-∂-
Htc-[m-Xp-hn¬- \n-∂p-≠m-b-Xm-Wv.- Cu- hn-ti-j-Ww- Im-
cp-Wyw- F-∂- B-i-bw- am-{X-a-√,- hn-izm-kn-sb- ]q¿-W-
am-bn- kw-c-£n-°p-I-bpw- {]-Xn-^-ew- \¬-I-p-I-bpw- sNøp-
∂- Hu-Zm-cy-hm-\pw- I-cp-Wm-\n-[n-bpw- B-b-h≥- F-∂-
Bi-b-hpw- [z-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""X-s≥-d- A-\p-{K-l-Øn-s≥-d-
apt∂m-Sn-bm-bn- k-t¥m-j-hm¿-Ø- h-ln-°p-∂- Im-‰p-I-
sf- A-b-°p-∂-Xpw- A-√m-lp-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.- A-Xv- P-e-
\n¿-`-c-am-b- ta-L-ß-sf- D-b¿-Øn-bm¬- \mw- A-Xn-s\-
28
X-cn-im-b- `q-an-bn-te-°v- \-bn-°p-I-bpw- A-hn-sS- a-g-h¿-
jn-°p-I-bpw- -^-e-h¿-K-߃ D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-
øp-∂p''- (7:-57).-
kr-jv-Sn-∏pw- kr-jv-Sn-I-tfm-Sp-≈- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- s]-
cp-am-‰h
- pw- A-hs
- ≥-d- Im-cp-Wyw- {]-Xn-^e
- n-∏n-°p-∂p.- {]hm-
N-I∑m-cn-eq-sS- a-\p-jy-h¿-K-Øn-\v- \¬-Ip-∂- Zn-hy-ktµ-
i-߃-X-s∂- a-\p-jy-tc-m-Sp-≈- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- Im-cp-Wy-
Øn-s≥-d- ]m-c-ayw- hy-Iv-X-a-m-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- ssZ-
h-Øn-s≥-d- {]hm-N-I-\m-bn- A-b-°-s∏-´-Xp-X-s∂- ssZ-
h-Øn-s≥-d- Im-cp-Wy-Øn-\v- an-I-®- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""F-√m- kr-jv-Sn-Iƒ-°pw- Im-cp-
Wy-am-bn-´-√m-sX \n-s∂- \m-a-b-®n-´n-√''- (21:-107).-
{]-hm-N-I-Xz-k-¶¬-]w-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""k-t¥m-j-hm¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-
I-bpw- ap-∂d
- n-bn-∏v- \¬-Ip-Ib- pw- sN-øp-∂- Z-qX
- ∑
- m-sc- \mw-
\n-tbm-Kn-®ncn-°p-∂p.- Zq-X∑- m-cp-sS- B-Ka- \
- Ø
- n-\p-ti-jw-
A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- k-∂n-[n-bn¬- a-\p-jy¿- F-Xn¿-hm-Z-sam-
∂pw- ]-d-bm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-W-Xv''- (4:-165).-
ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- G-I-Xz-Øn-te-°pw- \-∑bn-te-°pw-
a\p-jy-s\- £-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- hn-[n-Zn-h-k-sØ-°-p-dn-®v-
Xm-°o-Xv- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\pw- F-√m -Im-e-tØ-°pw- F-√m-
P\-ß-fn-te-°pw- F-√m- \-m-Sp-I-fn-te-°pw- ssZ-hw- {]-hm-
N-I-∑m-sc- A-b-®p.- -A-t\-Iw- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿-°v- ssZ-h-
Øn¬-\n-∂pw- {K-\v-Yw- e-`n-®n-cp-∂p.- aq-km- °
- v- Xu-dm-Øpw,-
Zmhq--Zn-\v- k-_q-dpw- Cu-km-°v- C-©o-epw- ap-lΩ - Z- n-\v- Jp¿-
B-\pw- e-`-n-®p.- B-Zy- {]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv- B-Zw.- A-h-km-\-
{]-hm-N-I≥- ap-l-Ω-Zpw.- Jp¿-B-\n¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-´-
F-√m- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn-epw- hn-iz-kn-°¬- \n¿-_-\v-[-am-Wv.-
a-\p-jy-\v- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\w- \¬-Im≥-th-≠n- A-b-°-s∏-´h-
cm-W- v- F-√m- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpw.--
Zn-ko-kv- C-kv-emw- F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""I-gn-
™p-t]m-b- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- P-\-ß-fp-sS- ap-ºn¬- A-h-X-
cn-∏n-®- k-Xy-ß-sf- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv- C-kv-emw- sN-
øp-∂-Xv.- F-√m- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-bpw- {]-t_m-[-\- am-Xr-
I-Iƒ- H-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-\v- c-≠p-L-S-I-ß-fp-≠v.- H-∂v,-
Xu-lo-Zv- (G-I-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kw).- F-√m- B-cm-[-\-bpw-
h-W-°-hpw- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- am-{Xw.- c-≠v-,- k-Zm-Nm-c-\n-jv-S-
am-b- Po-hn-Xw.- \-∑- sN-øp-I-bpw- Xn-∑- D-t]-£n-°p-Ibpw-
sN-øp-I''.-
{]-hm-NI - - irw-Je
- b
- p-sS- A-hk
- m-\- I-Æn-bm-Wv- apl-
Ω-Zv.- A-t±-lw- A-¥y-{]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
ap-{Z;- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-km-\-sØ- ssZ-hn-I-{K-\v-Y-hpw.- apl-
Ω-Zv- \-iz-c-\m-Wv- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.-
A√m-lp-hn¬-\n-∂p-≈- k-t¥m-j-hm¿-Ø-I-fpw- Xm-°o-
Xp-If - pw- k-tµ-iß - f
- pw- P-\ß
- ƒ-°v- F-Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI-
F-∂- Zu-X-yw- am-{X-sa- A-t±-l-Øn-\p-≈q.- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥d-
B-Xa v- o-b- N-cn-{X-Øn-\v- k-hn-ti-ja
- m-b- kvY
- m-\a
- m-Wv- Jp¿-
B≥- \¬-In-b-Xv.- hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS- a-\- n-¬-- A-{_-lm-
an-\pw- D-∂-X-am-b- kv-Ym-\-ap-≠v.-
th-Z-k-¶¬-]w-
H-cp- Xm-°o-Xp-Im-c-s\- A-b-°m-Ø- H-cp- k-ap-Zm-b-
hpw- `q-ap-JØ
- n-√- (Jp.- 35:-24).- {]-ap-Jc
- m-b- G-Xm-\pw- {]hm-
N-I¿-°v- am-{X-am-Wv- ssZ-hw- th-Zw- \¬-In-b-Xv.- Cu- th-
Z-{K-\v-Y-߃- F-√mw-X-s∂- k-Xy-am-sW-∂v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-
hn-iz-kn-°W - w F-∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- A\p-im-kn-°p-∂Xv.-
Jp¿-B≥- A-h-km-\-sØ- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-am-Wv.- A-Xv- kXy-
Øn-s≥-d- km£m-XI v- m-ca
- m-Wv.- F-√m- th-Zß - f
- n-ep-aS- ß
- nb-
Zn-hy-k-tµ-i-ß-fp-sS- km-cmw-i-߃- Jp¿-B≥- F-Sp-Øp-
≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.-
a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-Xw-
Jp-¿-B-\n-I- {]-]-©w- aq-∂v- X-e-߃- Dƒ-s°m-f-fp-
∂p.- `q-an,- kz¿-Kw,- \-c-Iw.- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""a-\p-
jy≥- `q-an-bn-se- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- {]-Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv''- (2:-
30,- 33:-72)-.-
ssZ-hw- I¬]n-°p-∂p.- a-\p-jy≥- ssZ-th-O- \-S-∏m-
°p-∂p.- a-\p-jy≥- Hm-tcm- {]-h-¿-Øn-°pw- ssZ-h-tØm-Sv-
I-W-°v- ]-d-t™-Xo-cq.- A-h-s≥-d- Hm-tcm- N-e-\-hpw-
ssZhw- k-Zm-k-a-bw- ho-£n-°p-∂p- F-∂- X-Ø-z-am-Wv-
Ckv-emw- a-\p-jy-s\- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-
s≥d- e-£yw- \-√- Po-hn-Xw- \-bn-®v- kz¿-Kw- t\-S-em-Wv.-
A-Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-h≥- Ip-d-®v- Xym-K-߃- k-ln-t®-Xo-
cq.- `u-Xn-I- Po-hn-X-Øn-s≥-d- £-Wn-I-X-sb-°-p-dn-®v- Jp¿-
B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- Cu- tem-IPo-hn-Xw- sh-dp-sam-cp- I-fn-X-
am-i-bm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- b-Ym¿-Y- hm-kkv-Y-ew- ]-c-tem-
I-am-Wv (29:-64).-
B-sI-bp-≈- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-s≥-d- H-cp- I-Wn-I-
am{X-am-Wv- `u-Xn-IP - o-hn-Xw.- `u-Xn-IP - o-hn-XØ
- n¬-\n-∂pw-
Xn-I®- pw- hy-Xy-kY
v- a- m-b- H-cp- ]-ct- emI-Po-hn-Xap-≠v- F∂-
bm-Ym¿-Y-y-sØ-°-p-dn-®v- Jp¿-B≥- Du-∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p.- a-\p-
jy≥- s]m-Xp-Po-hn-XØ - n-epw- kz-Im-cy-Po-hn-XØ - n-epw- sN-
bv-Xn-´p-≈- F-√m- {]-h¿-Øn-Iƒ-°pw- ]-ctem-I-Øv- I-W-
]-Sn-™m-dn-s≥-d- kw-`m-h-\-bm-b- a-p-X-em-fn-Ø˛- Iayq-Wn-kv-‰v-
{]Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ß-fn¬- C-∂pw- A-Sn-a-Øw- ]-g-b- cq-]-`m-h-ß-
fn¬- XpS-¿-∂v- h-cp-∂p-≠v.- A-h- C-kv-e-m-an-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- F-Xn¿-
°-s∏-S-Ww.- C-kv-em-an-\v- am-{X-am-Wv- H-cp- aq-∂mw- ]mX- sh-´nØp-
d-∂v- a-\p-jy-cm-in-sb- Im-eß
- f - m-bn- _m-[n-®n-cn-°p∂- A-\v[ - Im-
c-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- km-[n-°p-∂-Xv.
°v- ]-d-tb-≠n-h-cp-sa-∂v- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-
°p-∂p.- ssZ-h-tØm-Spw- k-l-Po-hn-I-tfm-Sp-ap-
≈- a-\p-jy-s≥d- I-Sa - s
- b-°p- d
- n-®v- H-ch
- t- _m-[w- kr- 29
jv-Sn-°p-I-bm-Wv- C-hn-sS.- D-bn-¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]n-s≥-d-
Zn-\w-,- hn-[n-Zn-\w,- kz-¿-Kw,- \-c-Iw- F-∂n-h-sb-√mw- Dƒ-
s°m-≠- im-iz-X-am-b- ]-c-tem-I-Po-hn-Xw- F-∂- bm-Ym¿-
Y-y-sØ- C-hn-sS- Xp-d-∂v- ImWn-°p-I-bm-Wv.-
k-a-Xzw,- km-tlm-Z-cyw,- km-aq-ln-I- \o-Xn-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-Jp-Xp-_n-s≥-d- A-`n-{]m-b-a-\p-k-cn-®v- C-kv-em-
an-\v- c-≠v- hy-Xy-kv-Y-ß-fm-b- k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ- D-≠v.- a\p-
jy-s≥-d- B-Xv-a-m-hnte-°m-Wv- A-Xv- F-Øn-t\m-°p-∂-Xv.-
Pm-X-n,- \n-dw,- `m-j-,- tZ-iw,- N-cn-{X-]-c-hpw- `q-an-im-kv-{X-]-
c-hp-am-b- km-lN - c
- y-߃- C-hs - bm-∂pw- I-W° - n-se-Sp-°m-
sX- Hm-tcm- a-\p-jy-s≥-d-bpw- B-Xv-am-hn-te-°v- C-kv-emw-
C-d-ßn-s®-√p-∂p.- A-¥y-\mƒ-h-sc-bp-≈- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-
Øn-s≥-d- F-√m- B-h-iy-ß-sf-bpw- A-Xv- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°p-
I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Cu- B-hi - y-߃- `u-Xn-Ia - m-Imw,- BXv-
ao-b-am-Imw,- cmjv-{So-b-tam- km-º-Øn-I-tam- km-aq-ln-I-
tam- B-hmw- (sX-‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-´- C-kv-emw).-
{_q-kve - n- tem-d≥-kv- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""Cu- tem-IØ - v- \ne-
hn-ep-≈- F-√m-Ø-cw- A-Sn-a-Ø-߃-°pw- C-kv-emw- FXn-
cm-Wv.- ]-Sn-™m-dn-s≥-d- kw-`m-h\ - b
- m-b- a-pX
- e- m-fn-Ø- Iayq-
Wn-kv-‰v- {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ß-fn¬- C-∂pw- A-Sn-a-Øw- ]-g-
b- cq-]-`m-h-ß-fn¬- XpS-¿-∂v- h-cp-∂p-≠v.- A-h- C-kv-e-m-an-
s≥-d- t]-cn¬- F-Xn¿-°-s∏-S-Ww.- C-kv-em-an-\v- am-{X-am-
Wv- H-cp- aq-∂mw- ]m-X- sh-´n-Øp-d-∂v- a-\p-jy-cm-in-sb- Im-
e-ß-fm-bn- _m-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂- A-\v-[-Im-c-Øn¬-\n-∂pw-
c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- km-[n-°p-∂-Xv''- (Shattering the myth-
Islam beyond violence).
A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-sS- a-X-am-Wv- C-kv-emw- F-∂- [mc-
W-bm-Wn∂v- F-hn-sS-bpw- ]-c-∂n-cn-°p∂-Xv.- Jp¿-B≥-
]dbp-∂p-:- ""a-X-Øn¬- bm-sXm-cp- _-em¬-°m-c-hp-an-√.-
k∑m¿-Kw- Zp¿-am¿-K-Øn¬-\n-∂v- th¿-Xn-cn-™v- I-gn-™n-
cn-°p-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- B-sc-¶n-epw- ]n-im-Nn-s\- \n-cm-I-
cn-°p-I-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm¬-
kp-i-Iv-X-am-b- H-cp- ]n-Sn-°-b-dm-Wv- A-h≥- ]n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv.- A-sXm-cn-°e - pw- s]m-´p-Ib
- n-√.- ssZ-hw- F-√mw- tIƒ-
°p-∂-h-\pw- A-dn-b-p-∂-h-\p-am-Wv''- (2:-256).-
""C-Xv- \n-s≥-d- \m-Y-\n¬-\n-∂p-≈- k-Xy-am-Wv.- C-jv-
S-ap-≈-h¿-°v- kzo-I-cn-°mw.- C-jv-S-ap-≈-h¿-°v- \n-tj-[n-
°mw''-- (18:-29).-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
te-m-I-Øn-se- F-√m- - kr-jv-Sn-Pm-e-ß-sf-bpw-Ip-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°m-
\pw- A-h-sb- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw- D¬-°-S-am-b- B-{Klw-
sh-®p-]p-e¿-Øp-∂- a-\p-jy¿- Po-hn-°p-∂- k-aq-l-am-Wv- C-
kv-em-an-I- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sn-ep-≈- am-Xr-Im-k-aq-lw.- C-kv-eman¬-
am-{X-sa- Zm-\-[¿-a-ß-fpw- k-º-Øv- ]m-h-߃-°v- ]-¶p-sh-
°epw- H-cp- km-aq-ly-_m-[y-X-bmbn- \n-e-hn-ep-≈q.-
A-{I-a-kz-`m-h-hpw- A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpap-≈- H-cp- aX-
am-Wv- C-kve
- mw F-∂- F-s≥-d- ap≥-[m- c
- W
- I
- ƒ- Jp¿-B≥ - -
]-T-\-Øn-eq-sS- Rm≥- Xn-cp-Øp-I-bm-Wv.-
a-\p-jy-h¿-K-Øn-s≥-d- G-Io-I-c-Ww,- tem-I- km-tlm-
Z-cyw- F-∂n-h-bv-°p-th-≠n- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂- C-kv-emw- h¿-
K-sØ-bpw- tKm-{X-sØ-bpw- Pm-Xn-sb-bpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
am-°n-bp-≈- F-√m- hn-`m-Ko-b-X-I-fpw- ssZ-h-\n-tj-[-am-
b-pw- am\p-jn-IX
- t- bm-Sp-≈- A-ht- l-f\ - h
- p-am-bn-´m-Wv- IW-
°m-°p-∂-Xv.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- ap-ºn¬- F-√m-h-cpw- Xp-ey-
cm-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""a-\p-jy≥- H-cp- k-aq-l-am-
bn-cp-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- A-h¿- `n-∂n-®p''- (10:-19).-
te-m-I-Øn-se- F-√m- kr-jv-Sn-Pm-e-ß-sf-bpw-Ip-dn-®v- ]-
Tn-°m-\pw- A-h-sb- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw- D¬-°-S-am-b-
B-{K-lw- sh-®p-]p-e¿-Øp-∂- a-\p-jy¿- Po-hn-°p-∂- k-
aq-l-am-Wv- C-kv-em-an-I- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sn-ep-≈- am-Xr-Im-k-aq-
lw.- C-kv-eman¬- am-{X-sa- Zm-\-[¿-a-ß-fpw- k-º-Øv- ]m-
h-߃-°v- ]-¶p-sh-°-epw- H-cp- km-aq-ly-_m-[y-X-bmbn-
\n-eh
- n-ep-≈q.- Zm-\[
- ¿-aß
- ƒ- ti-Jc - n-®v- ]m-hß
- ƒ-°v- \¬-
Ip-∂-Xn-\v- B-Zy-am-bn- \n-b-aw- D-≠m-°∏-´-X-v C-kv-em-an-
em-Wv.
J-p¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""A-h-cp-sS- ap-X-ep-I-fn¬- tN-m-
Zn-°p-∂-h-\pw- B-{i-b-a-‰-h-\pw- A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v''- (51:-19).-
[m¿-an-I-X,- hn-izm-kw,- tam-£w,- \-∑,- a-Xw,-
k-am[m-\w- F-∂n-h-sb-°-p-dn-®p-≈- C-kv-em-an-I-
Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv-
\-∑bv-°p-th-≠n- \n-e-sIm-≈p-I-bpw- sX-‰n-s\-Xn-sc-
{]Xn-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I- H-cp- ap-kv-en-an-s≥-d- I-S-a-bm-
Ip-∂p.- k-Xyw- A-t\z-jn-°p-I,- A-k-Xy-sØ- C-√m-bv-a-
sN-øp-I,- \-√-Xn-s\- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-I,- A-gp-°n-s\- sh-dp-°p-
I- F-∂n-h-bpw- A-h-s≥-d- I-S-a-bm-Wv.- k-Xy-hpw- \-∑-bp-
am-bn-cn-°-Ww- A-h-s≥-d- e-£yw.- hn-\-bw,- em-fn-Xyw,- a-
cym-Z,- Im-cp-Wyw- F-∂n-h-bpw- H-c-p- apkv-en-an-s≥-d- k-hn-
ti-j- Kp-W-ß-fm-Wv.- Zpjv-S-X,- A-l-¶m-cw,- {Iq-cX,- A-
h-K-W-\- F-∂n-h- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- A-\n-jv-S-Im-cy-ß-fmWv.-
A-\v-[-am-b hn-izm-k-sØ- C-kv-emw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-
∂n-√.- D-d-®- B-Z-¿-i-Øn¬-sI-´n-∏-Sp-Ø-Xm-h-Ww- hn-izm-
kw.- - ap-kv-enw-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬- P-\n-®-Xp-sIm-t≠m,- \n-¿-
_-\-v[- km-l-N-cy-Øn-tem-,- A-\p-I-c-Ww- sIm-t≠m- ap-
kve- n-am-bn- Xp-Sc
- p-∂X - p-sIm-≠- v- H-cmƒ- ssZ-hk
- ∂- n-[n-bn¬-
]q¿-Wa - m-bpw- ap-kve- n-am-Ip-∂n-√.- bm-sXm-cm-i¶- b- v°
- pw- A-
\n-i-vNn-X-Xz-Øn-\pw- C-S-bn-√m-sX- i-cn-bm-b- B-Z¿-i-\n-
30
jv-S-bn¬- hn-izm-k-ap-d-∏n-®-h-\m-I-Ww- ap-kv-enw.- ssZ-h-
hn-izm-kw- Po-hn-X-sØ- N-e-\m-Xv-a-I-am-°p-I-bpw- k-lPo-
hn-Iƒ-°v- \-√-Xv- sN-øp-I- F-∂- bmYm¿-Y-y-Øn-te-°v- kz-
¥w- hnizm-kw- ]-cn-h¿-Øn-°-s∏-SpI-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xp-h-
sc- Hcmƒ-°pw- ssZ-h-Øn-¶¬- tam-£w- e-`n-°p-I-bn-√.-
B-cm-Wv- c-£s - ∏-Sp-I,- B-cm-Wv- B-Xy-¥n-Ia
- m-bn- hnP-
bn-°p-I F-∂- tN-m-Zy-Øn-\v- ssZ-h-Øn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-
bpw- \-∑s - N-øp-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂- Bƒ- F-∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B\n-
-s≥-d- a-dp-]-Sn.- ssZ-h-hn-iz-m-k-Øn-s≥-d- Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-
am-Wv- a-\pjy-\v- \-∑-sN-øp-I- F-∂X-v F-∂- v- C-Xn¬-\n∂v-
a\- n-em-°mw-.-
b-Ym¿-Y-- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-\v- {]-Xym-i- \¬-Ip-∂p.- £a-
ssI-s°m-≈m-\pw- k-Xy-\n-jv-T- ]m-en-°m-\pw- \-√-Xn-s\-
kvt- \-ln-°m-\pw- A-Xv- a-\p-jy-s\- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂p.- a-Xt- _m-
[w- A-h\- v- Po-hn-XØ
- n¬- ap-t∂m-´p-t]m-Im≥- I-cp-Øv- \¬-
Ip-∂p.- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-\v- k-am-[m-\-hpw- kp-c-£n-X-Xz-hpw-
\¬-Ip-∂p.- A-h-s≥-d- Po-hn-X-Øn-\v- A¿-Y-w- \¬-Ip-∂p.
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""kp-Ir-Xw- sN-bv-X-h-\m-bn-s°m-
≠v- X-s≥-d- i-co-cw- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- ]q¿-W-am-bn- A¿-]-n-
°p-I-bpw- k-Xy-Øn¬- D-d-®p-\n-∂- C-{_m-lnw- \-_n-bpsS-
am¿-Kw- ]n-¥p-S-cp-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h-s\-°mƒ- D-Ø-a- a-X-
kv-Y-\m-bn- B-cm-Wp-≈-Xv?''- (4:-125).
au-en-Im-\p-jv-T-m-\-߃-
Hm-tcm- ap-kv-en-an-\pw- \n¿-_-\v-[- _m-[y-X-bp-≈- Ckv-
em-an-s≥-d- ]-©-kv-Xw-`-߃- C-h-bm-Wv.-
1.- i--lm-Zx-- (km-£y-s∏-Sp-ج):- A-√m-lp- A-√m-sX-
a-s‰m-cp- ssZ-h-an-√.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I-
\m-Ip-∂p.-
2.- \-a-kv-Im-cw-:- Zn-h-k-hpw- A-©v- k-a-b-ß-fn-em-bn-
\-ak- vI- m-cw- \n¿-hl- n-°W - w.- 1.- kp-_vl
- n- (A-Xn-cm-hn-se),-
2.- Z-p-lv-¿- (D-®-bv-°v),- 3.- A-k¿- (ssh-Io-´v),- 4.- a-Kv-c-n-_v-
(k-\v-[y-°v-),- 5.- C-im-A- v- (cm-{Xn).-
a-°-bn-se- I-Av-_-sb- A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-
cn-°-Ww- \-a-kv-Im-c-w-.- sh-≈n-bm-gv-N-I-fn¬- Hm-tcm- {]-tZ-
i-sØ-bpw- P-\-߃- ]-≈n-bn¬- H-∂n-®p-Iq-Sn- Pp-apA-x-
\-akv-I-cn-°p-∂p.-
Hm-tcm- \-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-\pw- ap-ºm-bn- Aw-K-ip-≤n-
hcpØ-Ww.- ap-Jw,- ssI-Im¬,- hm-b- F-∂n-h- A-Xn¬-
s]-Sp∂p.-
{h-Xw-:- d-aZ-m≥- am-kw- ap-gp-h≥- A-Xn-cm-hn-se- ap-X¬-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
k-\v-[y-h-sc- A-∂-]m-\o-b-߃- D-t]-£n-®v- {h-X-a-\p-jv-
T-n-°-Ww.- d-a-Z-m-\n-em-Wv- A-√m-lp- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-
∏n-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xv.-
k-I-m-Øv-:- kz-¥w- k-º-Øn-s≥-d- \n-iv-Nn-X-am-b- H-cp-
`m-Kw- F-√m-h¿-jh - pw- ]m-hs
- ∏-´h
- ¿-°v- Zm-\w- sN-ø¬- \n¿-
_-\v-[-am-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- ]m-h-s∏-´-h-cp-sS- A-h-Im-i-
am-Wv- k-I-m-Øv.-
l-Pv-Pv-:- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- H-cn-°-se-¶n-epw- a-°-bn¬-t]m-
bn- l-Pv-Pv- \n¿-h-ln-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- Hm-tcm- ap-kv-en-an-s≥-d-
bpw- _m-[y-X-bm-Wv.- km-º-Øn-I- sR-cp-°w,- A-\m-tcm-
Kyw,- _p-≤n-{`-aw- F-∂n-h- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿-°v- l-Pv-
Pn¬-\n-s∂m-gn-hm-Imw.- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- km¿-h-eu-In-I-X-
bpw- km-tlm-Zc - y-hpw- k-aX
- z-hpw- G-sd- {]-IS- a
- m-Ip-∂- Hcp-
I¿-a-am-Wv- l-Pv-Pv.-
bq-tdm-]y≥- ap-kv-en-am-b- te-Un- F-hv-en≥- ssk-\-_-
tIm- t_m¿-Uv- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- D-Z-bw-Ip-dn-®-
kv-Y-ew- k-µ¿-in-°p-I,- sX-‰n-te-°v- \o-ßn-s°m-≠n-cp∂-
a-\p-jy-s\- ssZ-h-am¿-K-Øn-te-°v- £-Wn-®n-cp-∂- {]-hm-
N-I-s≥-d- ]m-Z-kv-]¿-i-ta-‰- hn-ip-≤-am-b- a-Æn¬- Im¬-
N-hn-´p-I,- B- ]m-h-\-kv-a-c-W-I-fn¬- ]p-\¿-Po-hn-°p-I,-
C-h-sb-√mw- H-cp- hn-izm-kn-bp-sS- B-Xv-am-hn-\v- kz¿-Ko-bm-
\p-`q-Xn- D-≠m-°p-∂p.- A-hs- ≥-d- a-\ 
- n¬- im-¥n-bpw- kam-
[m-\-hpw- \n-d-bp-∂p''-.-
\m-K-cn-I-X-°v- C-kv-emw- \¬-In-b- kw-`m-h-\-
tem-I-\m-K-cn-I-X-°v- C-kv-emw- a-l-Øm-b- kw-`m-h-
\-I-fm-Wv- A¿-]-n-®n-´p-≈-Xv.-
1.- km-ln-Xyw,- kw-Ko-Xw,- Zr-iy-I-e,- hm-kv-Xp-in-¬-]w-
F-∂n-h- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- I-em-h-n-`m-Kw.-
2.- X-Ø-z-im-kv-{Xw,- \n-b-aw,- hm-\-im-kv-{Xw,- ssh-Zyw,-
I-W-°v,- Bƒ-Pn-{_- F-∂n-h- Dƒ-s°m-f-fp-∂- im-kv-{X-
im-J.-
C-kv-emw- im-kv-{X-hpw- X-Ø-z-hpw-
im-kv-{X- K-th-j-W-߃-°v- ap-kv-enw-tem-I-Øv- aX-
]-c-am-b- bm-sXm-cp- hn-e-°p-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- ssZ-h-
Øn-s≥-d- a-l-Ø-z-hpw- i-Iv-Xn-bpw- hn-fn-®-dn-bn-°p-∂- {]-
]-©-kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s\-°-p-dn-®v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- Jp¿-B≥- \n-
c-¥-c-am-bn- hn-izm-kn-I-sf- B-lzm-\w- sN-øp-∂p.- {]-Ir-
Xn,- \-£-{X-߃,- B-Im-i-߃,- `q-an,- k-ky-Pm-e-ß-fpw-
arK-ß-fpw- F-∂n-h-sb-°-p-dn-®p-≈- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- Adn-
C-kv-em-an-I- k-aq-l-ß-fn¬- kv-{Xo-I-tfm-Sp-≈- k-ao-]-\-am-Wv-
C-kv-em-an-s\- a-‰p-≈-h¿- tam-i-am-bn- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-°-∂-Xn-\p-
≈- H-cp- Im-c-W-am-bn- ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- apkv-enw- P-\-kw-Jy-
bp-sS- ]-Ip-Xn-`m-Kw- h-cp-∂- kv{- Xo-Is
- f- ap-kve
ho-£n-°p-∂p- F-∂v- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv- h-f-sc- {]-[m-\-am-b-
Im-cy-am-Wv.-
hv- ssZ-h-hn-izm-kw- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.-
A-t\-Iw- imkv-{X- kt¶X-ß-sf-°-p-dn-®v- Jp¿-
B≥- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p.- a-\p-jy-tcm-Sv- A-h-sb-°- 31
p-dn-®v- Nn-¥n-°m-\pw- ]-T-\w- \-S-Øm-\pw- B-lzm-\w- sN-
øp-∂p.- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- a-\p-jy≥- Nn¥n-°p-∂n-√- F-∂v-
Jp¿-B≥- B-h¿-Øn-®v- tN-m-Zn-°p-∂p.- Ckv-emw- hn-Pv-Rm-
\-am-Wv.- C-kv-emw- hn-Pv-Rm-\-sØ- D]m-[n-bpw- e-£y-hp-
am-°n- A-Xn-s\-- B-cm-[-\-bp-am-bn- k-a-\z-bn-∏n-®p.- hn-Pv-
Rm-\-Øn-\v- th-≠n- {i-an-°p-∂-h-sc- Jp¿-B≥- A-tß-
b-‰w- {]-iw-kn-®p.- c-Iv-X-km-£n-bp-sS- c-Iv-X-sØ-°mƒ-
hn-e-s∏-´-Xm-Wv- ]-W-Un-X-s≥-d- t]-\-bn-se- a-jn-sb-∂v-
\-_n- ]-d-™p.-
C-kv-em-an¬- kv{Xo-bp-sS- kv-Ym-\w-
""kv-{Xo-bp-sS- hy-Iv-Xn-Xzw- a-X-Øn-s≥d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
am-Wv''˛- l- ≥- Xp-dm-_n- ]-d-™p.-
C-kv-em-an-I-k-aq-l-ß-fn¬- kv-{Xo-I-tfm-Sp-≈- k-ao-]-
\-am-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s\- a-‰p-≈-h¿- tam-i-am-bn- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-
°-∂-Xn-\p-≈- H-cp- Im-c-W-am-bn- ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- apkv-
enw- P-\k - w-Jy-bp-sS- ]-Ip-Xn-`m-Kw-hc - p-∂- kv{- Xo-Is
- f- apkv-
enw-Iƒ- F-ß-s\- ho-£n-°p-∂p- F-∂v- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-
Xv- h-f-sc- {]-[m-\-am-b- Im-cy-am-Wv.- C-kv-em-an-s\-°-p-dn-®v-
A-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºp-≈- F-s≥-d- [m-c-W- C-kv-emw- kv-
{Xo-Is - f- A-Sn-®a - ¿-Øp-∂p- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- bm-Ym-kvY - nXn-
I- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cp-sS- ho-£-W-Øn¬- H-cp- kv-{Xo-bp-sS-
{]-[m-\I - S- a
- - A-hf- p-sS- `¿-Øm-hn-s≥-db- pw- Ip-™p- ™ - -ß-
fp-sS-bpw- ip{iq-j-am-{X-am-Wv.- A-Nv-O-s≥-d-tbm- `¿-Øm-
hn-s≥-d-tbm- A-\p-a-Xn-Iq-Sm-sX- A-hƒ-°v- ]p-d-Øp-t]m-
Im≥- ]m-Sn-√.- Xm-en-_m≥-Im¿- - kv-{Xo-Iƒ- kvIq-fn¬-
t]m-Ip-∂-Xpw- tPm-en-°v- t]m-Ip-∂-Xpw- \n-tcm-[n-®p.- hnπ-
h-Øn-\p-ti-jw Cdm-\n¬- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- ]¿-Z- [-cn-°-W-am-
bn-cp-∂p.- [-o-c-am-b- Nne- \-S-]-Sn-I-fp-sS- t]-cn¬- ]m-°n-
kvX - m-\n¬-\n-∂pw- kn-bm-lp¬-l° - v- ]p-dØ
- m-°n-b- I-hbn-
{Xn- s^-lv-an-Z-dn-bm-kn-s≥-d- A-`n-{]m-b-Øn¬- ]m-°n-kv-
Xm-\n¬- ap-kvenw- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- A-h-K-Wn-X- h¿-K-am-Wv.-
C¥y-bn-epw- {Km-a-ß-fn¬- ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-I-ƒ- Zp-cn-Xw-
A-\p-`-hn-°-p-∂p.- ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- km-£-c-Xm-
\n-c-°v- C-¥y-bn¬- 19 i-X-am-\w- am-{X-am-Wv.- C-Xv- a-‰p-k-
ap-Z-m-b-ß-fn-se- kv-{Xo-I-fp-tS-Xn¬- ]-Ip-Xn- am-{X-am-Wv.-
kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- tZ-io-b- km-£-c-Xm-\n-c-°v- 39 i-X-am-\-
amWv.- C-kv-em-an-s\-°-p-dn-®v- sX‰n-≤-cn-°m≥- C-sXm-s°-
- nw-Iƒ- F-ßs\-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
a-\p-jy-s≥-d- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS- Iq-´-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw-
{][m-\-s∏-´-Xv- Poh≥- \n-e-\n¿-Øm-\pw- kz-b-c-£-°pw-
kzØv- k-ºm-Zn-°m-\pap-≈- A-h-Im-i-am-Wv.- Cu- A-h-Im-
i-߃- Pm-Xn-tb-m- a-X-tam- hy-Xym-k-an-√m-sX- F-√m-h¿-°pw-
H-cp-t]m-se- \¬-I-W-sa-∂pw- C-kv-emw- A-\p-im-kn-®p.
Fs∂- t{]-cn-∏n-®- L-S-I-ß-fmWv.-
]-t£,- a-Xs - Ø-°p- d - n-®v- Rm≥- Iq-Sp-Xe
- m-bn- A-dn-™-
t∏mƒ- kv{- Xo-°v- ]p-cp- j
- t- \m-sSm-∏w- Xp-ey-]c- n-KW
- \
- - \¬-
Ip-∂- a-X-am-Wv- C-kv-emw- F-∂v- F-\n-°v- a-\- n-em-bn.-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""]p-cp-j-\m-bm-epw- kv-{Xo-bm-
bmepw- \n-ß-fn-ep-≈- H-cp- {]-h¿-Ø-I-s≥-d-bpw- {]-h¿-
Ø-\w- Rm≥- ]m-gm-°p-I-bn-√''- (3:-195).-
""]p-cp-j-t\m- kv-{Xo-tbm,- B-cm-bm-epw- hn-iz-kn-°p-
Ibpw- k-¬-I¿-a-ß-ƒ- A-\p-jv-T-n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm¬-
Ah¿-°v- \mw- D¬Ir-jv-S-am-b- Po-h-n-Xw- \¬-Ipw.- A-hcp-
sS- k-¬-I¿-a-߃-°v- X-°-Xm-b- {]-Xn-^-e-hpw- \¬-Ipw''-
(-- 16:-97).-
{]-hm-NI- s
- ≥-d- Im-eØ
- v- kv{- Xo-Iƒ- kz-X{- ¥-am-bn- s]m-
Xp-cw-K-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- D-l-Zv-bp-≤-Øn¬- ]-cnt°-‰-h-sc-
ip-{iq-jn-°m≥- k-v-{Xo-Iƒ- ip-jv-Im-¥n- ImWn-®p.- ap-k-v
enw- kv-{Xo-Ifn¬-- \-√- tbm-≤m-°-fpw- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-
ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.-
{]-hm-N-I≥- ]-d-™p-:- ""X-\n-°v- ]n-d∂- s]¨-Ip-™n-
s\- Po-h-t\m-sS- Ip-gn-®v- aq-Sm-Ø-h-cpw- t{Zm-l-_p-≤n-tbm-
sS- s]-cp-am-dm-Øh - c- pw- hn-th-N\- w- Im-Wn-°m-Øh - c - p-amb-
B-fp-I-ƒ-°v- A-√m-lp- kz¿-Kw- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-
∂p''.- C-kv-em-an-\-v ap-ºv- A-td-_ybn¬- s]¨-Ip-™p-ß-
sf- Ip-gn-®p-aq-Sn-bn-cp-∂p.- kv{- Xo-Is - f- A-\ym-ba
- m-bn- t{Zmln-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.-
C-hc- p-sS- C-Sb
- n-te-°m-Wv- kv{- Xo-Iƒ-°v- ]p-Xn- b
- - {]Xo-
£-I-fp-am-bn- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-X-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv.-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-™p-:- ""s]¨-Ip-™n-s≥-d- P-\-\-sØ-
]-‰n- A-h-tcm-Sv- ]-d-b-s∏-´m¬- A-h-cp-sS- ap-Jw- Zpx-Jw-sIm-
≠v- C-cp-≠p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.- h-f-sc- No-Ø-bm-b- h¿-
Ø-am-\w- tI-´p- F-∂-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- \m-W-t°-Sm-bn-´v-
A-bmƒ- P-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- a-d-™n-cp-∂p.- Cu- Ip-´n-sb-
\m-Ww-sI-´v- h-f¿-Ø-tWm- Ip-gn-®n-S-tWm?- F-{X- No-Ø-
hn-[n-\ym-bw!''- (16:-58˛59)-.-
\-_n- ]-d-™p-:- ""kz¿-Kw- am-Xm-hn-s‚- Im¬-Np-h-´n-
emWv''-.-
a-\p-jym-h-Im-iw-
a-\-p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS- {]m-[m-\y-sØ-°-p-dn-®v- C-kv-
emw- Du-∂n-∏-d-™n-´p-≠v.- ssZ-h-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≈- B-Zy-k-
tµ-iw-X-s∂- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-sf-°-p-dn-®v- hy-Iv-X-am-b-
Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv- C-kv-em-an-\p-≠v- F-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p.- t]-
32
\-bp-sS-bpw- hn-Pv-Rm-\-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- i-Iv-Xn-bpw- hn-Zym-
`ymkw- t\-Sm-\p-≈- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- A-h-Im-i-hpw- A-S-ßn-
b-Xm-Wv- B-Zy- kq-d-Øv.-
C-kv-emw- a-\p-jym-h-Im-i-sØ- a-X-Øn-s≥-d- `m-K-am-
°n.- F-√m-ht- cm-Spw- \o-Xn- ]p-e¿-tØ-≠X - n-s≥-db
- pw- \oXn-
\ym-b-hy-h-kv-Y- kz-X-{¥-am-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xn-s≥-d-bpw- Bh-
iy-I-X- Jp¿-B≥- Du-∂n-∏-d-™p.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- au-en-
Im-h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS- Iq-´-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- {]-[m-\-s∏-´-Xv-
Poh≥- \n-e-\n¿-Øm-\pw- kz-b-c-£-°pw- kz-Øv- k-ºm-
Zn-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-i-am-Wv.- Cu- A-h-Im-i-߃- Pm-Xn-
tb-m- a-X-tam- hy-Xym-k-an-√m-sX- F-√m-h¿-°pw- H-cp-t]m-
se- \¬-I-W-sa-∂pw- C-kv-emw- A-\p-im-kn-®p.- B-{I-a-
Øn-eq-sS-bpw- A-c£ - n-XX - z-Øn-eq-sS-bpw- P-\X
- b
- p-sS- Poh-
\pw- kz-Øpw- A-]I - S- s
- ∏-Sp-Øp-∂h - ¿-s°-Xn-sc- Jp¿-B≥-
i-Iv-X-am-bn- Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Ip-∂p.
""H-cm-Xv-am-hn-\v- ]-I-c-am-tbm- A-s√-¶n¬- `-q-an-bn¬-
\miw- hn-X-®-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn-tem- A-√m-sX- B-sc-¶n-epw-
H-cp- a-\p-jy-s\- h-[n-®m¬- A-h≥- ap-gp-h≥- a-\p-jy-scbpw-
h-[n-®-t]m-se-bm-Ip-∂p''- (5:-32).-
hw-io-bX - ,- Pm-Xo-bX
- - Xp-Sß
- n-b- hn-`m-Ko-b- Nn-¥I - sf-
ssZ-h-tØm-Sp-≈- A-hn-izm-k-am-bpw- a-\p-jy-h¿-K-tØm-
Sp-≈- A-h-tl-f-\-hp-am-bn-´m-Wv- C-kv-emw- Im-Wp-∂-Xv.-
\nb-aØ- n-s≥-d- ap-ºn¬- F-√m-hc - pw- Xp-ey-cm-Wv.- cm-j{v- Sob,-
km-aq-ln-I- km-º-Øn-I- a-Wv-U-e-ß-fn¬- F-√m-h¿-°pw-
X-p-ey-am-b- A-h-k-c-ß-fp-≠m-h-W-sa-∂v- C-kv-emw- \n¿-
_-\v-[n-°p-∂p.- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-sØ- C-kv-emw- ]m-sS- \ncm-
I-cn-°p-∂p.- ssZ-h-Øn-\pw- a-\p-jy-\p-an-S-bn¬- H-cp- aq∂m-
a-s≥-d- B-h-iy-I-X-sb- C-kv-emw- X-≈n-°-f-™p.- tem-I-
Øp-≈- F-√m- a-\p-jy¿-°pw- Xp-ey-\o-Xn- F-∂- C-kvem-
an-I- i-co-A-Øn-se- hy-h-kv-Y- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- G‰-hpw-
h-en-b- kw-`m-h-\-bm-Wv.- hy-h-lm-c-ß-fn¬- \o-Xn-]p-e¿-
Øp-I- F-∂-Xv- Hm-tcm- a-\p-jy-s≥-d-bpw- ]-c-a-am-b- IS-a-
bm-bn- C-kv-emw- I-cp-Xp-∂p.-
Jp¿-B≥- tNm-Zn-®p-:- ""]o-Un-X-cpw- A-Sn-®-a¿-Ø-s∏-´-
h-cp-am-b- kv{- Xo-˛]p-cp-j∑
- m¿-°pw- Ip-´n-Iƒ-°pw-th-≠n- \n-
߃- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- am¿-K-Øn¬- k-a-cw- sN-øm-Xn-cn-
°p-∂-Xn-\v- F-¥v- \ym-bw?''- (4:-75).-
""A-√-tbm- hn-iz-kn-®-h-tc-!- \n-߃- A-√m-lp-hn-\p-
th-≠n- t\¿-am¿-K-Øn¬- D-d-®v- \n¬-°p-∂-h-cpw- \o-Xn-
°v- km-£yw- h-ln-°-p-∂-h-cp-am-Ip-hn≥.- H-cp- P-\-X-tbm-
Sp-≈- hn-tcm-[w- \o-Xn-bn¬-\n-∂v- \n-ß-sf- hy-Xn-N-en-∏n-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
°m≥- ]m-Sn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p-''- (5:-8).-
kz-¥w- Xm¬-]-cy-{]-Im-cw- G-Xv- a-X-hpw- kzo-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xn-\v- a-\pjy-\v- A-h-Im-i-ap-≠v.- k-ln-j-vWp-X- ]pe¿-
Øm≥- C-kv-emw- B-lzm-\w- sN-ø-p-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w- A-Xn\v-
\n-b-a-Øn-s≥-d- B-[n-Im-cn-I-X-bpw- \¬-In.-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-™p-:- ""a-X-Øn¬- \n¿-_-\v-[-an-√.- kXy-
hpw- A-k-Xy-hpw- hy-Iv-X-am-bn-°-gn-™p.- Xm¬-]-cy-ap-≈-
h¿- hn-iz-kn-°-s´.- A-√m-Ø-h¿- A-hn-iz-kn-°-s´''- (2:-
256).-
""C-Xv- \n-ßf- p-sS- d-∫n¬-\n-∂p-≈- k-Xy-am-Ip-∂p.- Cjv-
S-ap-≈-h¿-°v- kzo-I-cn-°mw.- C-jv-S-ap-≈-h¿-°v- \n-tj-[n-
°mw''- (18:-29).-
I-Tn-\m-[zm-\-Øn-\pw- sXm-gn-en-s≥-d- a-l-Ø-z-Øn-\pw-
Ckv-emw- h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw- Du-∂¬- \¬-Ip-∂p.- tPm-en- sN-
øm-Ø-h≥- hn-f-sh-Sp-∏v- {]-Xo-£n-t°-≠,- sXm-gn-em-fn-°v-
]q¿-W-am-b- {]-Xn-^-e-ap-≠v- F-∂o- kn-≤m-¥-߃- C-kv-
em-an-I- Z¿-i-\-Øn¬- Im-Wm-hp-∂-XmWv.-
sXm-gn-e-p-S-a-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-bpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-[w-
I-cm-dn-se- c-≠v- I-£n-Iƒ- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-[-am-Wv- F∂-
Xm-Wv- C-kv-em-an-I- \n-e-]m-Sv.- hn-b¿-∏m-dp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv-
I-qen- \¬-I-Ww- F-∂- a-t\m-l-c-am-b- h-N-\-Øn-eq-sS-
{]-hm-N-I≥- sXm-gn-en-s≥-d- a-l-Ø-zw- D-b¿-Øn-∏n-S-n-°p-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
C-kv-em-an-eq-sS-bp-≈- F-s≥-d- bm-{X-
hn-Pv-Rm-\w- t\-Sp-∂-Xn-s≥-d- {]m-[m-\yw- {]-hm-N-I≥-
B-h¿-Øn-®v- {]-Jym-]n-®n-´p-≠v.- hn-Pv-Rm-\w- a-\p-jy-s\-
sX-‰n¬-\n-∂v- i-cn- I-≠p-]n-Sn-°m-≥- {]m-]v-X-\m-°p-∂p.-
A-Xv- kz¿-K-Øn-te-°p-≈- h-gn- {]-Im-i-]q-cn-X-am-°p-∂p.-
A-Xv- \-sΩ- k-t¥m-j-Øn-te-°v- \-bn-°p-∂p.- Zp-cn-X-
Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-Xv- \-sΩ- ]n-Sn-®p-\n¿-Øp-∂p.-
C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- B-Xv-am-hv- tX-Sn-bp-≈- F-s≥-d- bm-{X-
C-kv-emw- F-¥m-W-∂v- F-s∂- ]-Tn-∏n-®p.- C-kv-em-an-s\-
h-f-sc- hn-Ir-X-am-bn- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v- F-∂pw- F-\n-°v-
t_m-[y-am-bn.- Jp¿-B\ - pw- \-_n- - h-N\- ß
- f
- pw- F-s∂-∂pw-
Im-Øp-kq-£n-t°-≠- c-Xv-\-ß-fm-Wv.- A-h- a-\p-jy-Po-
hn-X-Øn-\v- A¿-Y-k-ºp-jv-Sn- \¬-Ip-∂p.-
k-Du-Zn- A-td-_y-bp-sS- ap≥- C-¥y≥- Aw-_m-kn-U¿-
a-lv-aq-Zv- _n≥- ap-l-Ω-Zv- X-s≥-d- l-Pv-Pv- bm-{X-sb-°-p-dn-®v-
sXm-gn-e-p-S-a-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-bpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-[w- I-cmdn-
se- c-≠v- I-£n-Iƒ- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-[-am-Wv- F∂-Xm-Wv-
Ckv-em-an-I- \n-e-]m-Sv.- hn-b¿-∏m-dp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv- I-qen- \¬-
I-Ww- F-∂- a-t\m-l-c-am-b- h-N-\-Øn-eq-sS- {]-hm-N-I≥-
sXmgn-en-s≥-d- a-l-Ø-zw- D-b¿-Øn-∏n-S-n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
F-gp-Xn-:- ""D-Pz-e-am-b- H-cp- {]-Im-iw- F-s≥-d-
B-Xv-am-hn¬- F-\n-°v- A-\p-`-h-s∏-´p.- A-d-^-
bn¬- \n-¬-°m≥- Ign-™- H-cm-sf-∂- \n-e-bn-em-Wv- 33
l-Pv-Pn-\v- ti-jw- Rm≥-]p-dw-tem-I-sØ- I-≠-Xv.- a-c-W-
Øn¬-\n-∂pw- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂-‰t- ]-ms - e-bm-Wv- l-PvP
- v- I¿-
aw- \n¿-h-ln-®- B-fp-sS- kv-Yn-Xn.- H-cp- Ip-Sp-w-_-Øn-s≥-d-
bpw- H-cp- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- Aw-K-am-bn-´m-Wv- H-cm-ƒ- l-
Pv-Pn-\v- t]mIp-∂sX-¶n¬- A-bmƒ- a-S-ßp-∂-Xv- {]-]-©-
tØm-fw- h-ep-X-m-b- H-cp- a\p-jy-\m-bn-´m-Wv''.-
H-cp- ln-µp-hm-b-n-´m-Wv- Rm≥- P-\n-®-Xv.- Cu- {]-_-\v-
[-c-N-\-bn¬- ap-gp-In- Rm-\n-hn-sS- C-cn-°p-tºmƒ,- F-s≥d-
B-Xv-am-hn-eq-sS- H-cp- {]-Im-iw- I-S-∂p-t]-m-Ip-∂-Xv- Rm≥-
A-dn-bp-∂p.- a-lv-aq-Zn-s\-t∏-m-se- Rm≥- a-°-bn¬- t]mbn-
´n-√.- F-∂m¬- Rm≥- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d- temI-Øn-eq-sS,-
C-kv-em-an-I- N-cn-{X-Øn-eq-sS,- C-kv-em-an-I- [¿-a-Øn-eq-sS-
k-©-cn-®v- A-tXA-\p-`qXn- t\-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-
Zv-\-_n- ]-d-™p-:-
""F-√m-h-cpw- Xp-ey-cm-Wv.- A-d-_n- A-\-d-_n-sb-°m-
tfm- A-\-d-_n- A-d-_n-sb-°m-tfm-,- sh-fp-Ø-h-≥- I-dp-Ø-
h-s\-°m-tfm- I-dp-Ø-h≥- sh-fp-Ø-h-s\°m-tfm- D-∂-X-
\√.- A-bmƒ- a-‰p-≈-h-cp-am-bn-´p-≈- C-S-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬- F-
{X-am-{Xw- k-Xy-k-\v-[-X- {]-Z¿-in-∏n-°p-∂p- F-∂n-S-Øm-
Wv- Abm-fp-sS- a-l-Ø-zw''- (l-Zo-kv.-
""a-\p-jy-h¿-Kw- H-‰- k-aq-l-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ]n-∂o-Sv- A-
Xn- `n-∂n-®p''-- (Jp¿-B≥-:- 10:-19).-
A-h-km-\-am-bn- F-\n-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xn-Xm-W:- ssZ-
h-sØ- km-£n-\n¿-Øn- C-¥y-bn-se- ln-µp-°-fpw- ap-kv-
enw-I-fpw- {]-XnPv-R-sb-Sp-°-Ww.- H-tc- A-Nv-O-\-Ω-am-cp-
sS- a-°-sf-t∏-m-se- \m-w- A-t\ym-\yw- I-m-W-Ww-.- - \-Ωƒ-
X-Ωn¬- H-c-p- bm-sXm-cp- hn-th-N-\-hp-w- Im-Wn-°-cp-Xv.- Zpx-
J-hpw- k-t¥m-j-hpw-- \-Ωƒ- A-t\ym-\yw- ]-¶p-sh-°pI-.-
c-≠v- a-X-ß-fn-se-bpw- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-߃- \mw- ]-Tn-°pI-.-
a-X-N-S-ßp-I-fpsS- Im-cy-Øn¬- A-t\ym-\yw- C-S-s]-Sm-Xn-
cn-°p-I--- .- a-X-Øn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- H-cn-°-epw- A-{I-aw- A-gn-
®p-hn-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I.-
C-Xm-Wv- Rm-\-dn-™- C-kv-emw.- C-kv-emw- F-s∂- ]Tn-
∏n-®-Xpw- C-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
34

{]-kn-≤c- p-sS- {]-hN

- \
- ß
- ƒ- ^-en-°m-ØX - n-s\-°p- d- n-®v- ]ecpw-
F-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.- tkm-Wn-b- {]-[m-\a - {- ¥n-bm-hn√- F-∂√ - - hmPv-
t]-bn- ho-≠pw- {]-[m-\a - {- ¥n-bm-hpw- F-∂p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wv- {]-hN-
\-߃.- A-h-sbm-s°-bpw- s]m-fn-bm-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- icn-
X-s∂.- ]-t£,- A-sX-√mw- H-cp- G-It- Z-i- {K-l\ - n-e- t\m°nbp-
≈- {]-h-N-\-ß-fm-Wv.- cmjv-{So-b- Nm-bv-hp-sIm-≠pw- A-ßs\-
kw-`-hn-®-Xm-Imw.- CXp-sIm-s≠m-∂pw- tPym-Xn-jw- sX-‰m
sW∂p-h-cn-√.-

tPym-Xn-jw-
sX-s‰-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- sX-fn-hn-√-
]n.-hn.- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥-

"tPym-Xn-jw- A-\v-[-hn-izm-km-[n-jv-Tn-Xw'- F-∂- a-dp-]-Sn-°p-
dn-∏n¬- D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn,- Pq¨- e-°-Øn¬-" tPym-Xn-jw-
im-kv-{X-tam- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-tam'- F-∂- t]-cn¬- A-t±-l-sa-gp-
Xn-b- "km-am-\y-w- Zo¿-La - m-b'- te-J\
- w- "{]-am- W
- _
- ≤
- h
- pw'- "hkv-
Xp-\n-jv-T'--hp-am-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.- B- te-J-\-Øn-\v- a-dp-]Sn-
F-gp-Xn-b- F-s≥-d- Ip-dn-∏v- A-ß-s\-b-√- F-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.-
B- Ip-d-hv- \n-I-Øm≥- Rm≥- Xm¬-]-cy-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
tPym-Xn-j-sØ- th-Zmw-Kw- B-sW-∂-v ]-d-bm≥- tPym-Xn-j-
{K-\v-Y-am-W-t√m- {]-am-W-am-t°-≠-Xv.- A-Xp-t]m-se- th-Zmw-K-
a-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bm-\pw- D-kvam≥- tPym-Xn-j-{K-\v-Y-sØ- {]-am-W-
am-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-cn-°-s´,- F-s≥-d- hm-Z-Øn-\p-≈-
{]am-Ww- "{_-l-Xv-]-cm-i-c- tlm-c'-bm-Wv- A-Xn-se- H-∂m-a-[ym-
b-Øn-se- c-≠pw- B-dpw- t«m-I-߃- C-hn-sS- ]-cn-tim-[n-°mw.-
A-[ym-bw- H-∂v-:-
2.- "`-K-h≥- ]-c-aw- ]p-Wyw- Kp-lyw- "th-Zmw-K'-ap-Øw-
{Xn-kv-I-µw- PuXn-jw- tlm-cm-K-Wn-Xw- kw-ln-tX-Xn-N'-
6.- "kq-cyw- \-Xzm-{K-l-]-Xnw- P-K-Xp-Xv-]-Øn-Im-c-Ww-
h-£ym-an- "th-Z-\-b-\w'- bYm- {_-lv-a-ap-Jm-Xv-{ip-Xw'-
A¿-Yw-:-- 2˛ssa-t{X-b- al¿-jn-]-cm-i-c-a-l¿-jn-tbm-Sv-:- `-K-
h≥-!- tlm-c,- K-Wn-Xw,-- kw-ln-X- F-∂o- aq-∂v- kv-I-µ-ß-tfm-Sv-
Iq-Sn-b- th-Zmw-K-am-Wv- tPym-Xn-jw- (aq-∂m-a-sØ- t«m-I-Øn¬-
Cu- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- X-\n-°v- hy-Iv-X-am-°-W-sa-∂v- A-t]-£n-
°p-∂p-≠v)-.- tlm-c-bn¬- Pm-X-Iw,- {]-iv-\w,- ap-lq¿-Øw C-h-
A-S-ßp-∂p.- K-Wn-X-Øn¬- {K-l-ß-fp-sS- K-Xn-{`-a-Ww,- kv-YnXn,-
]-©mw-Kw- C-h-sb-∏-‰n- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p- (E-jn-Iƒ- A-¥¿-
Zr-jv-Sn-sIm-≠v- K-Wn-®p-sh-®n-cn-°p-∂- {K-l-ß-fp-sS- k-©m-c-
]Y-Øn-\pw- B-[p-\n-Ii - m-k{v- Xw- ]-db
- p-∂- {K-lß
- f
- p-sS- k©m-
c-]-Y-Øn-\pw- km-ay-X- A-Xn-i-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv).-
kw-ln-X-bn¬- {K-l-K-Xn-sb- A-S-n-kv-Ym-\-am-°n- `q-I-ºw,-
A-Xn-hr-jv-Sn,- A-\m-hr-jv-Sn,- bp-≤w,- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°v-
tZmjw,- \n-an-Øw,- i-Ip-\w- F-∂n-h-bpw- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
t«m-Iw- B-dv- ˛"P-K-Xp-Xv-]-Øn-Im-c-W-am-b- kq-cy-s\- \an®v-
"th-Z-\-b-\-'-am-b- tPym-Xn-j-sØ-°-p-dn-®v- ]-d-bmw.- {_-lv-a-ap-
J-Øn¬-\n-∂v- {ip-X-am-b-Xm-W-Xv'.-
e-£v-ao-Zm-kn-s≥-d- {K-\v-Y-a-√- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-\v- {]-am-Ww-
F-∂v- D-kv-am≥- a-\- n-em-°-Ww.- "th-Zmw-K-Øn-\pw- th-Z-\-b-
\-Øn-'-\p-ap-≈- {]-am-Ww- hy-Iv-X-am-W-t√m- C-hn-sS- D-≤-cn-®-
t«m-Iw-sIm-≠v.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
35
Hm-Ivk - vt- ^m¿-Uv- \n¿-hN - \ - {- ]-Im-cw- im-kv{- X-Øn-\v- `u-XnI- _v-tkm¿-_v'- sN-øm≥- I-gn-bq- F-∂v.- (C-t∏mƒ- ]-e-
h-kv-Xp-°-sf- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°m-t\- I-gn-bq.- B-Xv-am-hn-s≥-d- imkv- X-c-Øn-ep-≈- se≥-kp-I-fpw- a-‰pw- D-≠v,- ]-≠-Xn-√-t√m).-
{Xo-b-X- sX-fn-bn-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√.- a-c-W-ti-jw- B-Xv-am-hv- \in- Nm-W-I-sh-≈-Øn-s≥-d- Cu- I-gn-hv- A-h¿-°v- F-ß-s\- a-\-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v- a-Xw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-am-hn-  n-em-bn?-
√t√m.- A-{_-lmw-en¶-≥- A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS- {]-kn-U≥-dm-bn-cp-∂p-
H-´-I-∏- £ nsb-bpw- Ip-cp-hn-sb-bpw- t-\-cn-¬- -I-≠v- a-\- n- F-∂-Xn-\v- F-\n-°p-≈- sX-fn-hv- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-am-Wv.- Rm≥-
em-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-tWm- Cuiz-c-t\-bpw- B-Xv-am-hn-s≥-d- A-t±-ls - Ø- I-≠n-´n-√.- {K-lß - f - p-sS- kzm-[o-\i
- I- vX
- n- Ahsb-
a-c-W-ti-j-ap-≈- A-kv-X-n-Xz-sØ-bpw- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv?-- I-≠n-´p-th-≠- a-\- n-em-°m≥.-
\m-\m-Pm-Xn- a-X-kv-Y-cn¬- A-\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS- tPym-Xn-j- Im-™n-c-°-p-‰n-bn-epw- I-√n-epw- ap-≈n-epw- Cu-iz-c-k-Øm-
Øn¬- bm-sXm-cp- I-gº - p-an-s√-∂v- a-\  - n-em-°n-bh - c
- p-ap-≠v.- icn- Wp-≈-Xv.
X-s∂.- ]-t£,- H-cp-Im-cyw-˛ im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m-cn-epw- Zm¿-i-\n- ""a-ln-c-¥-iv-N- Zq-Xm-\m-a-N-cw- N-cta-h- N-
I-∑m-cn-epw- km-[m-c-W-°m-cn-epw- kzm-\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS- Cu-iz-
kq-£v-a-Xzm-Ø-Z- hn-Pv-tR-bw- Zq-c-kv-Yw- Nm-¥n-tI- N-X-Xv''
c≥- C-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-h-cp-≠v.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- Cu-iz-c-hn-izm-
k-ap-≈h - ¿- \n-co-iz-ch - m-Zn-If - m-IW - w- F-∂v- ]-db - p-∂X - p-t]mse- A-Xv- ({_-lv-aw)- N-cm-N-c-ß-fp-sS- A-I-Øpw- ]p-d-Øpw- \n-
bm-Wv- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- A-im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- I-cp-X-Ww- F-∂v- d-™p-\n¬-°p-∂p.-
]-d-bp-∂-Xpw.- A-Sp-Øpw- A-I-se-bpw- kv-Yn-Xn-sN-øp-∂-Xpw- A-Xp-X-s∂-
PvR- m-\Z- r-jvS- n-bp-≈- E-jo-iz-c∑ - m¿- k¿-hN - c - m-Nc - ß
- f
- n-epw- bm-Wv (Ko-X-.- A-[ym-bw- 13,- t«m-Iw- 15).-
ssN-X-\yw- \n-d-™p-\n¬-°p-∂p-≠v- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂p.- im-kv- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s≥-d- im-kv-{Xo-b-X- hn-th-Im-\-µ≥- F-Xn¿-
{X-ß-fpw- th-Z-ß-fpw- A-{]-Im-cw- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p-≠v.- {K-l- Øn-´n-√.- C-Ø-cw- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-Iƒ- A-t±-lw- ]-e- k-µ¿-`-ß-
߃-°pw- a-‰pw- t_m-[-hpw- ssN-X-\y-hp-ap-≠v.- N-{µ≥- `q-an-bp- fn-epw- {]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.- D-Zm-l-c-Ww-:- `-K-h-Xv-Ko-X-bp-sS- ]-c-
sS- B-I¿-j-W-i-IvXn-sb- a-dn-I-S-∂v- k-ap-{Z-Øn¬- th-en-tb‰w- a- B-cm-[-I-\m-b- A-t±-l-w- H-cp- k-µ¿-`-Øn¬- bp-hm-°-tfm-Sp-
kr-jvS- n-°p-∂p-.- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- kq-cy≥- sN-øp-∂n-√?- kqcy-s≥d- ]-d-™-Xv- ]-¥v- I-fn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- Ko-X- ]-Tn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ-
B-I¿-jW - i - I- X
v- n-bm¬- N-{µ≥-,- `q-an- ap-Xe - m-bh - - kq-cy-\v- Np‰pw- kz¿-K-{]m-]v-Xn-°v- F-fp-∏w- F-∂m-Wv.- A-Xv- {i-hn-®v- B-cpw-
{]-Z-£n-Ww-sh-°p-∂p.- `K-h-Xv-Ko-X-bp-sS- tam-£{]m-]v-Xn-°p-≈- Zm¿-i-\n-I- {]-m-am-Wn-
27\-£-{X-߃-°pw- 9 {K-l-߃-°pw- H-cm-fp-sS- Pm-X-I- I-Xzw- Ip-d-®p-Im-Wm-dn-√.- \m-ev- th-Z-ß-sf-bpw- B-dv- im-kv-{X-
sØ- kzm-[o-\n-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂p.- A-h-sIm-≠v- H-cm-fp-sS- Pohn- ß-sf-bpw- A-t±-lw- F-∂pw- _-lp-am-\n-®n-t´-bp-≈q.-
XØn-se- K-Xn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ- a-\- n-em-°m≥- Ir-Xy-am-bn- I-gn- tPym-Xn-jØ - n-eq-sS- H-cp-h\- v- Xm≥- sN-tø-≠X - m-b- I¿-aam¿-
bp-∂p.- C-X-c-\-£-{X-߃-°pw- C-Ø-cw- kzm-[o-\-i-Iv-Xn-bp- K-ß-sf- a-\- n-em-°p-hm-\pw- X-\n-°v- h-t∂-°m-hp-∂- X-S- -
≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- Pm-X-I-^-e-Øn¬- hy-Xym-kw-h-cp-am-bn- ß-sf- ap-≥-Iq-´n-b-dn-™v- {]-Xn-hn-[n- \-S-Øp-hm-\pw- km-[n-°p-
cp-∂p.- A-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- Pm-X-I-^-e- ∂p.-- K¿-`-Øn-en-cn-
߃- i-cn-bm-sW-∂v- A-\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-h¿- °p-∂- in-ip-hn-\v-
°v- a-‰p- \-£-{X-߃- P-∑-^-e-sØ- kzm-[o-\n-°p-∂n-√- F-∂- amX-m-hn-s≥-d- Pm-
Xn-\v- sX-fn-hv.- am-{X-a-√,- a-‰p-- \-£-{X-߃-°pw- {K-l-߃-°pw- X-I\ - n-eb- \p-kc - n-
A-{]-Im-cw- kzm-[o-\a - p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- a-l¿-jn-Iƒ- AXv- ®p-≈- ^-e-ß-fp-
Im-Wm-sX- t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- ≠m Ipw.- K¿-`[m-
Nm-WI - s - h-ů-ne - q-sS-bà - m-sX- kq-cy-{K-lW - w- Im-Wc - pXv- \- k - a - b w- I- W -
F-∂v- ]-≠p-≈-h¿- ]-d-™n-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-s\-bpw- A-\v-[-hn-izm- °m-°n bpw- Pm-X-
k-am-bn- I-≠- ]-cn-jv-Im-cn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- im-kv-{Xw- ]-d-bp- Iw- Fgp-Xmw.- P-
∂p- Nm-WI - s - h-≈Ø - n-\v- am-{X-sa- {K-lW - k- a- b- Ø - v- kq-cy-\n¬- \n-®- k-a bw- K-
\n-∂p-≠m-Ip-∂- Im-gv-N-sb- \-in-∏n-°p-∂- hn-In-c-W-sØ-- "A- Wn-®v- B-[m-\e - K- v-

Hm-Iv-kv-t^m¿-Uv- \n¿-h-N-\-{]-Im-cw- im-kv-{X-Øn-\v- `u-XnI- h-kv-Xp-°-sf- hn-i

Zo-I-cn-°m-t\- I-gn-bq.- B-Xv-am-hn-s≥-d- imkv-{Xo-b-X- sX-fn-bn-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√.-
a-c-W-ti-jw- B-Xv-am-hv- \in-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v- a-Xw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- A-im-kv{Xo-
b-am-hn-√t√m.-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
36

-]-c-∏-\-ßm-Sn- DÆn-Ir-jv-W-∏-Wn-°¿- \-√- tPym-Xv-ky-\m-Wv.- Nn-e- {]-h-N-\w-

{]kn≤n-°p-th-≠n- ]-d-™-Xv- sX-‰n-bn-´p-≠m-Imw.- A-Xn-hn-Z-Kv-[-\mb- k-¿-P-\v-
F-√m- Hm-∏-td-j-\pw- hn-P-b-am-°m≥- I-gn-™p-sIm≈W-sa-∂n-√.- \q-dn-sem-∂v-
ssI-∏n-g- ]-‰pw.- A-Xv- km-[m-c-W-amWv.

\- h pw- I- W - ° m- hm-Pv-t]-bn- ho-≠pw- {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bm-hpw- F-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv-

°mw.- {]-h-N-\-߃.- A-h-sbm-s°-bpw- s]m-fn-bm-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
a-\-x-i-Iv-Xn- i-cn-Xs - ∂.- ]-t£,- A-sX-√mw- H-cp- G-It- Z-i- {K-l\ - n-e- t\m°n-
sIm- ≠ v - Pm- X - I - bp-≈- {]-hN - \
- ß
- f - m-Wv.- cm-jv{- So-b- Nm-bvh - p-sIm-≠pw- A-ßs\-
tZm-j-ß-sf- a-dn-I- kw-`-hn-®-Xm-Imw.- C-Xp-sIm-s≠m-∂pw- tPym-Xn-jw- sX-‰m-sW
S-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√.- ∂p-h-cn-√.-
]-t£,- G-Xv- A-]- H-cp- A-kp-Jw- h-cp-tºmƒ- tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS- A-Sp-Øv- t]m-Ipw.-
I-S-Øn-s\-bpw- \n- ]-e-{]m-h-iyw- B- tUm-Iv-S-sd- I-≠n-´pw- A-kp-Jw- am-dp-∂n-√.-
 -m-c-am-bn- ImWm F-¥v- sN-øpw?- th-sd- tUm-Iv-S-sd- Im-Wpw.- F-∂n-´pw- -^ew-
≥- a-\-x-i-Iv-Xn-°v- I-gn-bpw.- C-kv-emw-,- {In-kv-Xy≥- a-X-hn-`mK- X-ssY-h.- aq-∂m-aX - pw- \m-em-aX - pw- tUm-ISv- s - d- am-dn-am-dn-°m- Wpw.-
°m¿- hn-hm-lm-Zn-Iƒ-°v- s]mcp-Øw- t\m-°m-dn-√t- √m.- Cuizc- ss]-k- H-cp-]m-Sv- Xp-e-bv-°pw.- Nn-In-Xv-k- A-hn-Sw-sIm-≠pw- \n¿
hn-izm-kw- Xo-sc-bn-√m-sX- a\p-jy¿- Po-hn-°p-∂n-t√-?- (Ckvemw,- Øn-√.- A-©m-a-sØ- tUm-Iv-S-sd- Im-Wpw.- A-t±-lw- {]-kn-≤-
{In-kv-Xy≥- hn-`m-K-Øn¬- s]m-cp-Øw- t\m-°p-∂-h-cpap≠v).- \m-bn-s°m-≈-W-sa-∂n-√.- ^o-kpw- I-Ωn.- F-∂m-epw- A-kpJw-
Pm-X-I-Øn-se- Nn-e- {K-l-ß-fp-sS- A-\p-Iq-e,- {]-Xn-Iq-e- am-dn.- C-Xm-Wv- tPym-Xn-jn-bp-sS-bpw- kvY - n-Xn.- ]-c∏- \ - ß- m-Sn- DÆn-
A-h-kv-Y- t\m-°n- s]m-cp-Ø-Øn¬- F-Æ-hy-Xym-kw- D-≠m- Ir-jvW - ∏- W
- n-°¿- \-√- tPym-Xvk - y-\m-Wv.- Nn-e- {]-hN - \ - w- {]kn-
Ipw.- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°p-∂-Xv- kv-{Xo-˛]p-cp-j-∑m-cm-Wv.- kv-{Xo˛- ≤n-°p-th-≠n- ]-d™ - X
- v- sX-‰n-bn-´p-≠m-Imw.- A-Xn-hn-ZK - v - [- \ mb-
]p-cp-j∑
- m-cm-bn- F-∂X- p-sIm-≠v- k-tlm-Zc- ß
- ƒ- hn-hm-lw- Ign- k-¿-P-\v- F-√m- Hm-∏-td-j-\pw- hn-P-b-am-°m≥- I-gn-™p-sIm≈
W-sa-∂n-√.- \q-dn-sem-∂v- ssI-∏n-g- ]-‰pw.- A-Xv- km-[m-cW - a - mWv.-
°m-dn-√-t√m.- H-cp- s]m-cp-Øw- am-{Xw- t\m-°n- a-t‰- s]m-cp-Øw-
tN-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬- s]m-cp-Ø-Øn-se- ssh-cp-[-yw- F-∂-v ]-cn-l- {_n-´o-jv- K-h¨-sa≥-dv- tPym-Xn-js - Ø- AwKo-Ic - n-®p-sh∂v-
kn-t°-≠-Xn-√.- ]-d-™-Xv- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿- F-s¥-¶n-epw- ]-d-™m-te- hn-iz-kn-
°m≥- X-c-ap-≈q- F-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂-h¿-°v- th-≠n-bm-Wv.- D-kv-
(]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-k-`m-a-µn-cw- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-X- F¬.-Un.-
am≥- X-s∂- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-sc- D-Zm-l-c-W-߃-°p-th-≠n- D-≤-cn-
F-^v.- K-h¨-sa≥-dv- K-W-]-Xn- tlm-aw- I-gn-®n-´m-W-s{X- A-Xv-
°m-dp-≠-t√m.-
sN-bv-X-Xv!-).- kzman- hn-th-Im-\-µ≥-,- tem-Iw- I-≠n-´p-≈-Xn-¬--
sh-®v- G-‰-hpw-h-en-b- a-X-k-ln-jv-Wp-hm-Wv-.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- Pq-sse- e-°Ø - n-se- kvt- \-lk - w-hm-Zw- am-kn-Ib - n¬- ko\-
H-cp- {]-kv-Xmhw- C-hn-sS- D-≤-cn-®m¬- ap-kv-enw- k-p-lr-Øp- Øv- Fw.- Im-k¿-tIm-Uv- kwi-bw- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.- a-dp-]-Sn-
°ƒ°v- hn-tcm-[w- tXm∂-cp-Xv.- C-Xm-Wv.- c-≠p-t]¿- H-tc-k-a-b-Øv- tPym-Xn-jn-bp-sS- A-
SpØpsN-∂v- \-jv-S-Pm-X-Iw- tNm-Zn-®m¬- c-≠p-t]-cpw- tNm-Zn-
""ssZ-hw- H-t∂-bp-≈q.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I≥- ap-l-
°p-∂- k-a-b-Øv- ˛\n¬-°p-∂- kv-Ym-\w- (tPym-Xn-jn-bp-sS- t\-
Ω-Zp-am-Wv F-∂-Xm-Wv- A-h-cp-sS- ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw.- A-Xn-\-∏p-d-ap-
sc- ap-ºn-em-sW-¶n¬- ta-Sw- cm-in-)- t\m-°n- \n-iv-N-bn-°m≥- I-
≈-sX-√mw- No-Ø-sb-∂v- am-{X-a-√-;- D-S-s\- \-in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I- gn-bpw.- c-≠p-t]¿-°pw- H-tc-kv-Y-e-Øv- \n¬-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√-t√m.-
bpw- th-Ww.-..........-im-¥-k-ap-{Zw- ap-X¬- A-‰v-em≥-dn-Iv- k-ap-{Zw- H-cm-fp-sS- t\-sc-]n-∂n-em-Wv- A-]c - s- \-¶n¬- A-kvY - m-\w- ImWn-
h-sc- A-™q-dv- sIm-√-°m-ew- tNm-c-sbm-gp-°-n-˛ A-Xm-Wv- Ckv- °p-∂- cm-in-bn¬- \n¬-°p-∂- {K-l-ß-fp-sS- K-Xn-t\m-°n- KWn-
emw''.- C-Xv- tI-´m¬- tXm-∂p-I- A-t±-lw- C-kv-emw-a-X-Øn-s\- °mw.- F-ß-s\-sbm-s°-\n-∂m-epw- c-≠p-t]-cp-sS-bpw- \-£-{Xw-
I-Tn-\-am-bn- sh-dp-°p-∂p- F-∂m-Wv.- A-t±-lw- hn-th-I-an-√mØ- c-≠m-bn-Ø-s∂- K-Wn-®p-X-cpw;-- A-h- c-≠m-sW-¶n¬.- -tlm-c-
a-X{- `m-¥∑- m-sc- am-{X-am-Wv- sh-dp-ØX - v.- C-Xp-t]m-se- Nn-e- {`m¥- bp-sS- im-k{v- Xo-bX - - A-t∏m-gs - Ø- "A-dn-hpw'- C-t∏m-gs - Ø- "Adn-
∑m¿- tPym-Xn-j- hn-izmkn-I-fn-ep-ap-≠v.- A-Ø-c°m-cm-Wv- ssh hpw'- H-∂n¬- sN-∂v- A-h-km-\n-°p-∂p- F-∂-Xn-em-Wv.-
Zy-k-lm-bw- tX-tS-≠-Xv.- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s≥-d- im-kv-{Xo-b-X-sb-
hn-a¿-i-\-߃- F-{X- I-Sp-Ø-Xm-bm-epw- H-cn-°-epw- Rm≥-
A-√ hn-th-Im-\µ - ≥- F-Xn¿-ØX - v.- sIm-Xp-Iv- I-Sn-®m-epw- tUmIv-
sNm-Sn-°m-dn-√.- a-dp-]-Sn-bn¬- A-{]-Im-cw- h-√-Xpw- I-s≠-¶n¬-
S-sd- Im-Wp-∂-h-cp-≠-t√m-!-
£-a- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p.-
{]-kn-≤c- p-sS- {]-hN
- \
- ß
- ƒ- ^-en-°m-ØX - n-s\-°p- d
- n-®v- ]e-
cpw- F-gp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v.- tkm-Wn-b- {]-[m-\-a-{¥n-bm-hn-√- F-∂-√-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
37

tPym-Xn-js - Ø- \ym-bo-Ic - n-°p-hm-\pw- A-Xv- im-k{v- Xo-ba - msW

∂v- sX-fn-bn-°p-hm-\p-ap-≈- {io.- i-¶c - \
- m-cm-bW - s- ≥-d- ]¶∏mSv-
Im-Wp-tºmƒ- k-lX - m-]a- m-Wv- tXm-∂p-∂X - v.- tPym-Xn-jw- imkv
{X-am-tWm,- A-X-√- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-am-tWm- F-∂-Xm-Wv- \Ωp
sS- ap-ºn-ep-≈- X¿-°h - n-jb - w.- F-∂m¬- tPym-Xn-js - Ø- B[n-
Im-cn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-Xn-s\- th-Zmw-K-am-°n- AhX-
cn-∏n-°p-Ib - m-Wv- sN-øp-∂X - v,- - th-Zß
- f - n¬- kq-N\ - b- p-≈- tPym
Xn-jw- Pm-X-Iw-sh-®p-≈- ^-e-{]-h-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈-X-√-
Fs∂m-s°- Rm≥- hy-Iv-X-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p.-

tPym-Xn-jw-
sX-s‰-∂v- ]-d-bmt\- sX-fn-hp-≈q-

D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-g-n-

tPym-Xn-j-sØ- \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-hm-\pw- A-Xv- im-kv-{Xo-b-am- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-tam?- C-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- H-cp- a-dp-]-Sn-b-√- Xm-¶ƒ-

sW-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°p-hm-\p-ap-≈- {io.- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-s≥-d- ]¶-
∏m-Sv- Im-Wp-tºmƒ- k-l-Xm-]-am-Wv- tXm-∂p-∂-Xv.- tPym-Xn-jw-
im-kv-{X-am-tWm,- A-X-√- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-am-tWm- F-∂-Xm-Wv-
\-Ωp-sS- ap-ºn-ep-≈- X¿-°-hn-j-bw.- F-∂m¬- tPym-Xn-j-sØ-
B-[n-Im-cn-I-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-Xn-s\- th-Zmw-K-am-°n-
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv-,- th-Z-ß-fn¬- kq-N-\-bp-≈-
tPym-Xn-jw- Pm-X-Iw-sh-®p-≈- ^-e-{]-h-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈-
X-√- F-s∂m-s°- Rm≥- hy-IvX - a - m-°n-bn-cp-∂p.- A-°m-cyw- thZ-
߃-sIm-≠-v sX-fn-bn-°m≥- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-\v- I-gn-™n-´n-√.-
"tPym-Xn-j-sØ- th-Zmw-K-am-sW-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- tPym-Xn-j-
{K-\vY
- a- m-Wv- {]-am-Wa
- m-t°-≠X - v'- F-∂v- ]-d™
- p-sIm-≠v,- "{]am-
W'-am-°m≥- th-≠n- H-cp- tPym-Xn-j-{K-\v-Y-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- i-¶-
c-\m-cm-b-W≥- c-≠v- t«m-I-߃- D-≤-cn-°p-∂p-!- kp-lr-tØ,-
C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xn-b- H-cp- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- H-cp- Im-cyw-]-
d-™n-´v,- A-Xv- Jp¿-B\ - n-ep-≈X- m-sW-∂v- ]-d™ - p-I≠- m¬- Jp¿-
B-\n¬- G-Xv- A-[ym-bØ - n¬,- F-{X-ma - sØ- kq-IX v- Ø
- n-¬- D≈-
Xm-sW-∂v- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- tNm-Zn-°mw.- F-∂m¬- A-Xn-\p-≈- a-dp-
]-Sn- a-t‰-sX-¶n-epw- C-kv-em-an-I- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- A-ß-s\- ]-d-
™n-´p-≠v- F-∂m-bm¬- A-Xv- a-dp-]-Sn-bm-tbm?- Xm-¶ƒ- A-Xv-
\¬-In-b-Xv?- th-Zw-sIm-≠-t√- Xm-¶ƒ- sX-fn-bn-t°-≠n-bn-
cp∂Xv?-
A-kv-t{Sm˛\yq-a-tdm-˛]m-an-kv-‰v- hn-Z-Kv-[-\pw- tPym-Xn-j-
kw_-\v-[am-b- \n-c-h-[n- {K-\v-Y-ß-fp-sS- I¿-Øm-hp-am-b- ]-Wv-
Un-‰v- e-£v-ao-Zm-kv- t]m-epw- "tPym-Xn-jw- th-Z-ß-fp-sS- H-cp- `mK-
am-sW-∂v- ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p'- F-t∂- ]-d-bp-∂p-≈q- F-∂v- Rm≥-
F-gp-Xn-b-t∏mƒ- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- "e-£v-ao-Zm-kn-
s≥-d- {K-\v-Y-a-√ tPym-Xn-j-Øn-\v- {]-am-Ww'- F-∂m-Wv.- e-£v-
ao-Zm-kn-s≥-d- {K-\v-Y-ß-sf-√mw- ]n≥-h-en-®v- tPym-Xn-jn-I-tfm-
Spw- A-Xn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h-tcm-Spw- am-∏v- tNm-Zn-°m≥- {io.-
i¶-c\ - m-cm-bW
- ≥- e-£va - o-Zm-kn-t\m-Sv- B-hi- y-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v- \ap-
°v- {]-Xo-£n-°mw.- A-dn-hn-√m-sX- A-£-¥-hy-am-b- A-]- c m-[-
am-W-t√m- A-t±-lw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv-!-
E-tKz-Z-Øn-epw- b-Pp¿-th-Z-Øn-ep-ap-≈- Nn-e- t«m-I-ß-fn¬-
]-cm-a¿-in-°p-∂- tPym-Xn-jw- bm-Kß - f- pw- b-PvR
- ß- f
- pw- \-SØm-
\p-≈- ap-lq¿-Øw- \n-iv-N-bn-°-en-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®p-≈-Xm-Wv.-
A-h-bn¬- Pm-X-Iw-sh-®p-≈- ^--e-{]-h-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-cm-
a¿-i-an-√.- Cu- t«m-I-ß-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- e-K-[≥- hnI-
kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv- th-Zmw-K- tPym-Xn-jw.- A-Xn-epw- Pm-XIw-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
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sh-®p-≈- ^-e-{]-h-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-bp-∂n-√.- h-cm-l-an-ln- Wv''-.- (a-l¿-jn- Z-bm-\-µ- k-c-kz-Xn-bp-sS- k-Xym¿-
c-\m-Wv- A-Xn-s\- ^-ekn-≤n- tPym-Xn-j-am-bn- ]-cn-jv-I-cn-®-Xv.- Y- {]-Im-iw-,- a-ebm-f-- ]-cn-:- \-tc-{µ-`q-j¨,- t]-Pv- 62,-
{]-am-W-߃-sIm-≠v- {io.- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-\v- C-°m-cy-߃- 63).-
JWv-Un-°m-tam?- tPym-Xn-jw- ip-≤a - m-b- im-kv{- X-am-Wv- F-∂- hm-Za
- m-Wv- i¶-
a-l¿-jn- Z-bm-\-µ- k-c-kz-Xn-sb- th-Z-]-Wv-Un-X-\m-bn- i¶-
c-\m-cm-b-W-≥- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p-t≠m- C-t√- F-∂-dn-bn-√.-
F¥m-bm-epw- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-s\-°mƒ- A¬-]-sa-¶n-epw- Adn-
tPym-Xn-jw- ip-≤-am-b- im-kv-{X-am-Wv- F-∂-
hn¬- ap≥-Xq-°w- A-t±-l-Øn-\p-s≠-∂-Im-cy-Øn¬- F-\n-°v-
kw-i-b-an-√.- A-t±-lw- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- hm-Za
- m-Wv- i¶-c\
- m-cm-bW
- \p-≈X
- v.- A-Xp-sIm-
""tNm-Zyw-:˛- cm-Pm-°∑ - m-cpw- {]-PI- f
- pw- A-Sß
- n-b- Cu- temI- ≠p-X-s∂- X-s≥-d- hm-Z-Øn-\p-≈- im-kv-{Xo-b-
Øn¬- Nn-e¿- kp-J-ap-≈-h-cm-bpw- a-‰p-Nn-e¿- Zpx-J-a-\p-`-hn-°p- am-b- A-Sn-Ø-d- sX-fn-bn-°¬- A-t±-l-Øn-
∂h-cm-bpw-- Im-Ws - ∏-Sp-∂p.- A-sX-√mw- {K-lk - vY
- n-Xn-bp-sS- ^e-
a-t√?-
s≥d- I-S-a-bm-Wv.-
D-Ø-cw-:-˛ A-sX-√mw- ]p-Wy-]m-]-ß-fp-sS- ^-e-am-Wv.-
tNm-Zyw-:-˛ tPym-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- tI-h-ew- I-f-hm-tWm?- c-\m-cm-b-W\p-≈-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- X-s≥-d- hm-Z-Øn-
D-Ø-cw-:-˛ A-√,- B- im-kv-{X-Øn-e-S-ßn-b- A¶--K -Wn-Xw,- \p-≈- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- A-Sn-Ø-d- sX-fn-bn-°¬- A-t±-l-Øn-
tc-Jm-KW- n-Xw,- _o-PK - W- n-Xw ap-Xe - m-b- KWn-X` - m-Kß
- s - f-√mw- s≥-d- I-S-a-bm-Wv.- B-Xv-am-hpw- ssZ-h-hpw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- sX-
i-cn-bm-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.- ^-e-`m-Kw- ap-gp-h-\pw- ip-≤-ta- hym-P-am- fn-bn-°m≥- ]-‰p-sa-∂v- B-cpw- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.- H-´-I-∏-£n-

cm-l-p-Im-ew- k-Xy-tam- an-Y-y-tbm?-

cm-lp-Im-ew- F-s∂m-cp- hn-√-\p-≠v- tPym-Xn-j-Øn¬.- c-m-lp-Im-e- `o-Xn-aq-ew- hn-hm-l-I¿-a-ß-fpw- a-‰p-]-e- N-S-ßp-I-fpw-
\S-°m-sX- t]m-Im-dp-≠v.- F-¥m-Wv- cm-lp-Im-ew?-
G-g-c- \m-gn-I- ho-X-ap-≈- \m-ep-bm-a-߃- tN¿-∂-Xm-Wv- H-cp- ]-I¬.- Hm-tcm- bm-a-Øn-\pw- c-≠v- {K-l-߃- ho-Xw- A-[n
]∑m¿.- A-Y-hm- H-cp- bm-a-Øn-s≥-d- ]-Ip-Xn-bm-b- aq-t∂-ap-°m¬- \m-gn-I H-cp- {K-l-am-Wv- `-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-ß-s\- kq-cy≥,-
N{µ≥,- sNm-∆- Xp-S-ßn-b- G-gp-{K-l-߃- Hm-tcm- bm-am¿-[-߃-ho-Xw- `-cn-°p-tºmƒ- F-´m-a-sØ- bm-am¿-[w- an-®w-h-cp-∂p.-
A-Xn-s≥-d- A-h-Im-iw- tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ- cm-lp-hn-\v- sIm-Sp-Øp.- cm-lp- tam-i-°m-c-\m-b-Xp-sIm-≠v- cm-lp-hn-s≥-d- B-[n-]-Xy-
Øn¬- h-cp-∂- k-a-b-hpw- tam-i-am-bn.- C-Xm-Wv- cm-lp-Im-ew.-
cm-lp-Im-ew- H-cp- a-n-Yy-sb-∂v- tP-ym-Xn-j-am-kn-I-!-
tI-c-f-Øn-se- tPym-Xn-jn-I-fpw- tPym-Xn-j- hn-izm-kn-I-fpw- cmlp-Im-e-Øn¬- sI-´n-a-dn-bp-tºmƒ- cm-lp-Im-ew- H-cp- an-Yy-
bm-sW-∂v- H-cp- tPym-Xn-j- am-kn-I- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- A-Xn-se- G-Xm-\pw- `m-K-߃- Im-Wp-I.-
""Pm-Xn-a-X-t`-Z-an-√m-sX- P-\-߃- cm-lp-Im-e-sØ- `-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.- cmlp-Im-e-sa-∂-Xv- H-cp- an-Yy-bm-sW-¶n¬-t]m-epw-
tPym-Xv-ky-∑m¿- h-gn- Cu- hn-Zzm≥- (cm-lp-Im-ew)- P-\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬- C-Ønƒ-t]m-se- ]-‰n-∏n-Sn-®n-´p-≠v.- C-√m-Ø- H-∂n-s\-
C{X- hym-]-I-am-°m-sa-¶n¬- D-≈-Xn-s\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-∏n-°m≥- A-[n-Iw- ]-Wn-s∏-tS-≠n-h-cn-s√-∂-Im-cyw- Xo¿-®-bm-Wv.-
ap-lq¿-Ø-hp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- cm-lp-Im-esas∂m-∂n-√m-sb-∂- k-Xyw- Nn-e- tPym-Xv-ky-∑m¿-°p-t]m-epw- A-Pv-Rm-X-
amWv.- Im-e-ß-fm-bn- tI-´p-io-en-®-h-sb- {]-am-W-am-°p-I- k¿-h-km-[m-c-W-am-W-t√m?- cm-lp-Im-e-sa-∂- I-S-º- I-S-°m≥-
Nne-t∏mƒ- ta-∑- Ip-d-™-Xpw- a-‰p-Nn-e-t∏mƒ- Zp-jv-S-am-b- ap-lq¿-Ø-hpw- tPym-Xv-ky-∑m¿- ip-]m¿-i- sN-øm-dp-≠v.- bm-Ym¿-Y-yw-
t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬- C-Øc - w- A-\[
v- h
- n-izm-kß
- f
- n¬-\n-∂v- s]m-Xp-P\
- s
- Ø- tam-Nn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw-.- tPym-Xk
v- y-∑m¿-°v- kz[¿aw-
P-t\m-]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-b- hn-[w- ]m-en-°m-\pw- I-gn-bpw.- im-kv-{Xw- A-`y-kn-°p-I-bpw- A-tXm-sSm-∏w- kz-Po-hn-X-Øn¬- A-Xn-\v-
Po-h≥- sIm-Sp-°m-\pw- tPym-Xv-ky-\p- I-gn-b-Ww.-
th-≠-hn-[w- Im-cy-߃- ]-d-™v- a-\- n-bm-°n-bm¬- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- P-\w- A-Xv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°pw.- hn-h-c-ap-≈-h¿- Im-´p-∂-Xv-
a-‰p-≈-h¿- am-Xr-I-bm-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-sa-∂- I-m-cyw- \n-kv-X¿-°-am-Wv.- Cu- te-J-I≥- cm-lp-Im-e-Øn-s≥-d- B-K-a-sØ-°p-
dn®pw- a-‰pw- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-®v- A-Xn¬- I-m-ºn-s√-∂- Im-cyw- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xp-aq-ew- \m-´n¬- ]-e- hn-hm-l-ß-fpw- A-Xp-t]m-
se- ]-e- N-S-ßp-I-fpw- cm-lp-Im-e- `o-Xn-Iq-Sm-sX- \-S-∂n-´p-≠v.- tPym-Xn-j-Øn¬- ]q¿-W- hn-izm-k-ap-≈-Xp-sIm-≠pw- cm-lp-
Ime-sa-∂- tZm-jw- sh-dpw- km-¶¬-]n-Iw- am-{X-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠pw- kz-¥w- k-tlm-Z-cn-bp-sS- hn-hm-lw-t]m-epw- cm-lp-Im-e-Øv-
\-S-Øn- bm-Ym¿-Yyw- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- I-gn-™-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- ]-e-cpw- cm-lp-Im-e- `o-Xn-bn¬-\n-∂pw- tam-Nn-X-cm-b-Xv''-.-
(A-∏p-°p-´≥- am-kv-‰¿,- Xr-∏q-Wn-Øp-d.- tPym-Xn-j-k-tµ-iw- am-kn-I- 2004 Pq-sse).-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
39
sb-bpw- Ip-cp-hn-sb-bpw- t\-cn-´v- I-≠p- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-
se-b-√- ssZ-h-sØ-bpw- BXv-am-hn-s≥-d- a-c-W-ti-j-ap-≈- A- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏pw-
kvXn-Xz-sØ-bpw- a-\  - n-em-°p-∂X - v.- F-s≥-d- {]-kI - X
v- a
- m-b- tNm- tPym-Xn-j- {]-h-N-\-ß-fpw-
Zy-Øn¬-\n-∂v- c-£-s∏-Sm≥- k-a¿-Y-am-b- {i-a-am-Wn-hn-sS- i-¶-
c-\m-cm-b-W≥- \-S-Øp-∂-Xv.- Rm≥- A-tßm-´v- tNm-Zn-®- tNmZyw- ]p-Xn-b- sh-fn-]m-Sp-w-
sN-dn-b- t`-Z-K-Xn-tbm-sS- A-t±-lw- C-tßm-´v- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p.- H´-
I-∏-£n- h-ep-Xm-sW-∂pw- F-∂n-´pw- A-Xn-\v- ]-d-°m≥- I-gn-bn- I-gn-™-e-°w- kv-t\-l-kw-hm-Z-Øn¬- tem-I-k-`m- sX-c-s™
s√-∂pw- h-f-sc- sN-dn-b- ]-£n-bm-b- Ip-cp-hn-°v- ]-d-°m≥- I-gn- Sp-∏v- ^-eß - s - f-°p- d - n-®p-≈- tP-ym-Xvk - y-∑m-cp-sS- {]-hN - \
- ß - s - f-√mw-
bp-sa-∂pw- ]-cp-¥n-\v- \o-¥m≥- I-gn-bn-s√-∂pw- Xm-dm-hn-\v- s]m-fn-™p-t]m-b-Xm-bn- sX-fn-hv- k-ln-Xw- k-a¿-Yn-®n-cp-∂p.- B-
\o¥m≥- I-gn-bp-sa-∂p-sam-s°- ]-d-™v- Hm-tcm-∂n-\pw- Hm-tcm- {]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- s]m-fn-bm-\p-≈- Im-c-W-߃- \n-c-Øn-s°m-
[¿-aw- ssZ-hw- \n-iv-N-bn-®n-´p-s≠-∂v- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- F-gp- ≠m-Wv- 2004 Pq-sse- e-°w- "tPym-Xn-j- k-tµ-iw'-- am-kn-I- ]p-d
Xn-bn-cp-∂p.- \-h-{K-l-߃-°pw- 27 \-£-{X-߃-°pw- am-{X-sa- Øn-dß - n-bn-cn-°p-∂X - v.- {]-kvX - p-X- am-kn-Ib - n¬- tPym-Xn-jhm-Nkv-
kzm-[o-\-ap-≈q- F-∂,- F-s≥-d- tNm-Zy-Øn-\v- a-dp-]-Sn-bm-bn-´m- ]-Xn- Pn.- a-lm-tZ-h- A-ø¿- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
Wv- ap-I-fn¬-sIm-Sp-Ø- D-Zm-l-c-W-߃- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™-Xv.- ""I-gn-™- sX-cs - ™-Sp-∏n¬- ]-e- kvY - m-\m¿-Yn-If - pw- hn-Pb - Øn-
F-¶n¬- C-h-bp-sS- kzm-[o-\w- Ip-cp-hn-sb-bpw- ]-cp-¥n-s\-bpw- \m-bn- ]-e-X-cw- ]q-P-I-fpw- tlm-a-ß-fpw- \-S-Øn-b-Xm-bn- ]-{Xß
I-≠v- a-\- n-em-°n-b-t]m-se- I-≠v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- I-gn-™n- fn¬- hm-bn-®p.- F-∂m-¬- C-∂-sØ- {K-l-kv-Yn-Xn- A-\p-k-cn-®v- `mc-
´p-t≠m- F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- F-s≥-d- tNm-Zyw.- H-´-I-∏-£-n-sbbpw- X-Øn¬- s]m-Xp-sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \-S-Øp-hm≥- ]-‰n-b- ip-`-k-a-bam-
Ip-cp-hn-sb-bpw- t\-cn-´v- I-≠p- a
- \
-  
- n-em-°p-∂X - p-t]m-se-bm-tWm- tWm- F-∂v- tPym-Xn-j-sØ-∏-‰n- {]-kw-Kn-°p-∂-h¿-t]m-epw- Nn¥n-
Cu-iz-c-s\-bpw- B-Xv-am-hn-s≥-d- a-c-W-ti-j-ap-≈- A-kv-Xn-Xz- ®n-√.- tPym-Xn-j- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cm-b- Nn-e¿,- Nn-e- t\-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS-
Pm-XI - w- t\m-°n- {]-hN - \ - ß- ƒ- \-SØ - n- F-s¥m-s°-tbm- ]-d™ - p.-
tPym-Xn-js - Ø- ]-gn-]d - b
- p-hm≥- a-‰p-≈h - ¿-s°m-cp- Im-cW - h - p-ambn.-
H-cp-cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d- `m-hn-sb- {]-hN - n-t°-≠X - v- B- cm-Py-Øns‚-
k-zm-\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS- Cu-i-z-c≥- C-√- F-∂v- ]d-
Pm-X-Iw-sIm-≠m-Wv.- H-cp- Ip-´n-bp-sS- b-Ym¿-Y- Pm-X-Iw,- B- {`qW-
bp-∂-h-cp-ap-≠-v F-∂- hm-Zw- i-cn-b-√.- Cu-iz- Øn-s≥-d- B-cw-`-L-´-am-b- ip-¢-t{im-Wn-X- kw-tbm-K- k-a-bØm
c≥- C-s√-∂v- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- A-\p-`-hn-®-dn Wv.- H-cp- kv-Ym-]-\-Øn-s≥-d- `m-hn- \n¿-W-bn-t°-≠-Xv- B- kv-Ym]-
\-Øn-s≥-d- B-cw-`k - a - b - s - Ø- {K-l\ - n-eI - ƒ- sIm-≠m-Wv.- C-ßs\-
bm≥- I-gn-bp-I?- Du-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym- k-a-bw,- A-s√-¶n¬- ap-lq¿-Øw- A-Xm-Wv- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s≥-d-
\-Øn-em-Wv- Nn-e-¿- Cu-iz-c-s\- \n-tj-[n- Bcw-`w.- C-hn-sS-\n-∂p-am-bn-cn-°-Ww- {]-h-N-\-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-
Ym-\w.- A-√m-sX- cm-Py-sØ-∏-‰n- {]-h-Nn-°p-tºmƒ- A-hn-S-sØ-
°p∂-Xv.-
t\-Xm-°-fp-sS-bpw- kv-Ym-]-\-sØ-∏-‰n- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ- A-hn-S-sØ-
sN-b¿-am-s≥-db - pw- Pm-XI - w- t\m-°n- ^-ew- ]-d™ - m¬- ^-ew- HØp-
h-cn-I-bn-√.- kz-X-{¥-`m-c-X-Øn-s≥-d- {K-l-\n-e-b-\p-k-cn-®- C-S-he-
sØ-bpw- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂- tNm-Zyw- F-s≥-d- tNm-Zy- K-v-\w,- I¿-°n-S-I-°qdv- (I¿-°n-S-I-cm-in-)- B-Ip-∂p.- I-gn-™- c≠-
Øn-\p-≈- D-Øc - a- m-Ip-∂s
- X-ßs- \?- \-h{- K-lß
- f - p-sS-bpw- \£- c-h¿-j-am-bn- `m-c-X-Øn-\v- G-g-c-i-\n- Im-e-am-Wv.- I-gn-™- c-≠-c
{X-ß-fp-sS-bpw- kzm-[o-\w- B-Xv-am-hn¬- am-{X-am-tWm- kw-`-hn- h¿-ja - m-bn- `m-cX- Ø- n¬- \-S∂ - - kw-`h - ß - ƒ- a-{¥n-am-cn¬- A-]Io¿-
°p-∂-Xv?- Øn,- kv-Ym-\-{`w-iw,- Kp-P-dm-Øv,- X-an-gv-\m-Sv,- tI-c-fw- Xp-S-ßn-b-
k-zm-\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS- Cu-i-z-c≥- C-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-h-cp-ap- kw-kv-Ym-\-ß-fn-epw- \-S-∂- kw-`-h-߃- aq-ew- A-\p-`-hn-®-Xv- `mc-
X-Øn-se- P-\-߃-X-s∂-b-t√?- `m-c-X-Øn-se- G-g-c-i-\n-Im-ew-
≠-v- F-∂- hm-Zw- i-cn-b-√.- Cu-iz-c≥- C-s√-∂v- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv-
C-hn-S-sØ- P-\-ß-f-√m-sX- a-‰m-c-\p-`-hn-°m-\m-Wv?- Kp-W-tZm-j-
A-\p-`-hn-®-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bp-I?- Du-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
^-ew- GXm-bm-epw- C-hn-sS- G-Xv- cm-jv-{So-b- ]m¿-´n-bn¬-\n-∂pw-
Øn-em-Wv- Nn-e-¿- Cu-iz-c-s\- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂-Xv.- Cu- {]-]-©w-
G¿-s∏-´p-sh-∂X - √- - ap-Jyw.- a-dn-®v- `m-cX - Ø - n-se- P-\ß - f - p-sS- A\p-
X-s∂- A-h-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-am-Wv.- A-Xn-ep-≈- sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep- `-h-^-e-am-Ip-∂p.-
Xp-am-b- h-kv-Xp-°-fpw- Po-hn-I-fp-sam-s°- A-h-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-
Xz-Øn-s≥-d- A-S-bm-f-hpw- A-h-s≥-d- I-gn-hn-s≥-d- Z¿-]-W-hp-am- C-\n- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏-v \n-iv-N-bn-®-Xpw- \-S-Øn-b-Xp-am-b- Im-e
sØ- Nn-¥n-®m¬- `m-cX - Ø - n-s≥-d- G-gc - i - \ - n-Im-eØ- n¬,- cm-in-bmb-
Wv.- Nn-¥n-°p-∂h - ¿-°v- ssZ-hm-kXv- n-Iyw- t_m-[y-s∏-Sm≥- Fºm-
I¿-°n-S-I-Øn-s≥-d- ]-{¥-≠n¬- i-\n-bpw,- ]-©-a-I¿-a-]-Xn-bm-b-
Spw- sX-fn-hp-If- p-≠v.- F-∂m¬- F-ßs - \-bm-Wv- ssZ-ha - n-√- F∂v-
sNm-∆-bpw- tN¿-∂v- "a-µm-c-tbm-Kw'- \m-i-tbm-K-Øn¬-\n¬-°p-∂-
A-\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS- a-\- n-em-hp-I?- tPym-Xn-j-am-I-s´- A-\p-`-
Cu- k-a-b-Øm-Wv.- Iq-Sm-sX- `m-c-X-Øn-s≥-d- hn-[n-sb-gp-Øm-b-
h-am-Wv.- tPym-Xn-j-Øn¬- bm-sXm-cp- I-g-ºp-an-s√-∂v- k-zm-\p-`- B-Zy-Zn-\w- ˛20.-4.-2004 cm-hn-se- A-iz-Xn- \-£-{X-Øn¬-˛ tI-Xp-hn
h-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- a-\- n-em-°n-b-h¿- F-ºm-Sp-ap- s≥-d- \-£-{X-Øn¬- ˛"Im-f-k¿-∏-tbm-Kw'- D-≈- {K-l-\n-e-bn-emWv-
s≠-∂v- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p.- kzm-\p-`-h-Øn-eq- B-cw-`n-®-Xv.- thm-´p-Iƒ- F-Æn-b-Xv- `m-c-X-Øn-s≥-d- `-c-W-hn-[nsb-
sS- A-Xn-s≥-d- k-Xy-X- a-\- n-em-°n-b-h¿- [m-cm-f-ap-s≠-∂- gp-Øv- ^-ew- 13.-5.-2004 N-X-bw- \-£-{X-Øn¬-˛ cm-lp-hn-s≥-d- \£-
Xm-Wv- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s≥-d- k-Xy-X-°v- sX-fn-hm-bn- i-¶-c-\m-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
{X-Øn¬- `m-c-X-Øn-s≥-d- hn-[n- G¿-s∏-´p.- X-s∂-bp-a-√,- I¿-°n-S-
I-°q-dm-b- `m-c-X-Øn-s≥-d- A-jv-S-cm-in-Iq-dn¬- hn-[n-bp-sS- ]q¿-Øo-
I-c-W-hpam-bn.- C-Xv- X¬-°m-e- `-c-W-I¿-Øm-°ƒ-°v- hn-]-co-X-
^-e-hp-am-bn''-(t]-Pv- 54)-.-
C-¥y-bn-se- A-t{K-kc - ∑- m-cm-b- tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ-s°m-∂pw- tPym
Xn-jØ - n-s≥-d- _m-e] - m-Tw-t]m-epw- A-dn-bn-s√-∂t- √- a-lm-tZ-h- Aø-
cp-sS- hm-°p-I-fn¬- H-fn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv?- Cu- D-]-tZ-i-ß-sfm-∂pw-
sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n-\v- ap-ºv- a-lm-tZ-h- A-ø¿- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xncp-∂-
sX-t¥?- "C-∂-sØ- {K-l-\n-e-b-\p-k-cn-®v- `m-c-X-Øn¬- s]mXp-
sX-cs - ™-Sp-∏v- \-SØ - p-hm≥-]‰ - n-b- ip-`k
- a - b
- a- m-tWm- F-∂- v- tPymXn-
j-sØ-∏-‰n- {]-kw-Kn-°p-∂-h¿-t]m-epw- Nn-¥n-®n-√'-- F-∂m-Wv- A-
ø¿- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv!- A-ø¿- Nn-¥n-®n-cp-t∂m?- Nn-¥n-®n-cp∂p-sh-¶n¬-
F-¥p-sIm-≠-Xv- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-√?- "a-µm-c-tbm-Kw'- \m-itbmK-
Øn¬-\n¬-°p-∂- k-a-b-Øv- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- \n-iv-N-bn-®-Xn-\m¬-
F-s¥m-cp- hn-\m-ia - m-Wv- `m-cX- Ø- n-\p-≠m-bX - v?- H-cp- ap-∂W - n- t]mbn-
a-s‰m-cp- ap-∂-Wn- h-∂-Xv- sX-‰m-tWm?- "Im-f-k¿-∏-tbmKw'- D-≈-
{K-l\ - n-eb - n¬- B-Zy- sX-cs - ™-Sp-∏pw- cm-lp-hn-s≥-d- \-£{- X-Øn¬-
thm-s´-Æ-epw- \-S-Øn-bn-´v- F-¥v- hn-]-Øm-Wv- `m-c-X-Øn-\p-≠m-b-
Xv?- C-Xv- X¬-°m-e- `-c-W-I¿-Øm-°ƒ-°v- hn-]-co-X ^-e-am-bn-
F∂m-Wv- A-ø¿- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv-!- F-¶n¬- tNm-Zn-°-s´,- `c-Ww- In-´n-
b-h¿-°v- C-Xv- A-\p-Iq-e- ^-e-a-t√- \¬-In-b-Xv?- 13.-5.-2004 N-X-bw-
\-£{- X-Øn¬- ˛cm-lp-hn-s≥-d- \-£{- X-Øn¬- thms´-Æn-bm¬- AXv-
_n.-sP.-]n- ap-∂-Wn-°v- F-Xn-cv,- tIm¨-{K-kv- ap∂-Wn-°v- A-\p-Iq-
e-hpw-!- H-∂p-Iq-Sn- tNm-Zn-°-s´,- 13.-5.-2004\v- thm-s´-Æn-b-Xv- Ip-d-®p-
Zn-h-kw-Iq-Sn- I-gn-™v- ip-`-Zn-\w- t\m-°n- F-Ænbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬-
_n.sP.-]n.- ap-∂-Wn- hn-P-bn-°p-am-bn-cp-t∂m?- A-ßs\-sb-¶n¬-
A-ø¿- ]-d-™-Xn¬- I-g-ºp-s≠-∂v- I-cp-Xmw.-
cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d- `m-hn-sb- {]-h-Nn-t°-≠-Xv- B- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d-
Pm-X-Iw-sIm-≠m-Wv.- B- Pm-X-Iw-t\m-°n- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n-\v- ]‰nb-
k-ab - a - m-tWm- F-∂v- Nn-¥n-°m-sX- {]-hN - \ - ß- ƒ- \-SØ - n-bX - p-sIm-
≠m-Wv- F-√mw- s]m-fn-™-sX-∂m-Wv- A-ø¿- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- CsXm-
s°- F-√mw- I-gn-bp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-º-t√- A-ø¿- ]-d-tb-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv.-
tPym-Xn-jn-I-fp-sS- {]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- ]p-e¿-∂n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- cm-Py-
Øn-s≥-d- Pm-XI - Ø
- n-s≥-d- Im-cy-w-- A-ø¿- hn-fn-®p-]d - b- p-ambn-cp-t∂m?-
{]-h-Nn-®-h-sc- ]p-I-gv-Øp-I-bt√- sN-øp-I-?-!-
tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d- `m-hn-sb-b-√ {]-h-Nn-®-Xv.-
hmPvt]-bn-bp-sS-bpw- A-Zzm-\n-bp-sS-bpw- P-b-e-fn-X-bp-sS-bpw- \mbn-
Uphn-s≥-d-bp-sam-s°- `m-hn-sb-bm-Wv- A-h-¿- {]-h-Nn-®-sX-∂-Xn\v-
sX-fn-hp-≠v.- A-ø-cpw- A-Xv- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p-!- ""ip-{I-\pw- N-{µ-\pw-
tI-{µ-kv-Y-cm-bn- \n¬-°p-∂- Kw-`o-c`m-Kyw- hm-Pvt]-bn-bp-sS- PmX-
I-Øn-\p-≠v.- 76 h-b- p-ap-X¬- hym-g-Z-i-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.- Cu- A-hkv-
Y-bn¬- A-[n-Im-cw- \-jv-S-s∏-Sn-√''- F-s∂m-s°- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ-
AXn¬- ]-cn-K-Wn-®Xv- hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- Pm-X-I-tam- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d-
Pm-X-I-tam?- ""H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- Kp-W-tZm-j-ß-fpw- `m-hn-bpw- Pbm-
]-N-b-ß-fpw- am-{X-sa- hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- Pm-X-Iw-sIm-≠v- {]-h-Nn°m
hq''- F-∂pw- A-ø¿- F-gp-Xp-∂p-≠v.- F-¶n¬- hm-Pv-t]-bn-bp-sS-bpw-
P-be - f - n-Xb - p-sS-bpw- \m-bn-Up-hn-s≥-db - p-sam-s°- Pm-XI - m-Sn-kvY- m\-
Øn¬- A-hc - p-sS- `m-hn-bpw- P-bk - m-[y-Xb - pw- a-‰pw- {]-hN - n-®s- X√mw-
sX-‰m-\p-≠m-b- Im-c-W-sa-¥m-Wv?- A-Xn-\p-≈- hy-Iv-X-am-b- a-dp]-
Sn-bm-Wv- tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ- \¬-tI-≠-Xv.-
40
cm-b-W≥- Nq-≠n-°m-´p-∂-Xv.- H-cn-°¬- N°-bn-´-
t∏mƒ- ap-b-en-s\- In-´n-sb-∂v- I-cp-Xn- ap-b-en-s\- In-
´m≥- ho-≠pw- ho-≠pw- πm-hn¬- Ib-dp-∂-Xp-t]m-ep-≈-
hn-Uv-Vn-Øw- F-t∂- Cu- hnizm-k-sØ- I-cp-Xm≥- ]-‰q.- h√-
{]h-N\ - h- pw- ]p-e¿-∂m¬-Xs - ∂- A-Xv- {K-lß - f - p-sS-bpw- \£-
{X-ßf - p-sS-bpw- kzm-[o-\^- e- a
- m-sW-∂p-≈X - n-\v- sX-fn-sh-¥v?-
ssZ-h-\n-iv-N-bw- Ir-Xy-am-bn- kw-`-hn-°pw.- tPym-Xn-jn-bp-sS-
{]-h-N-\w- B-I-kv-an-I-am-bn- ssZ-h-\n-iv-N-b-hp-ambn- H-Øp-
h-t∂-°mw.- C-Xm-Wv- bm-Ym¿-Yyw.-
{K-lß - ƒ-°pw- a-‰pw- t_m-[h - pw- ssN-X\ - y-hp-ap-≠v- F∂m-
Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- a-l¿-jn- Zbm-\-µ- k-c-
kz-Xn- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-: "".....- A-s√-¶n¬- B- A-dn-hn-√m-
Ø-h¿- {K-l-kv-X-\pw- {K-l-cq-]n-bp-am-b- H-cp- tPym-Xn-jm-`m-
k-Pv-R-s≥-d- A-Sp-°¬-sN-∂v,- "C-h-\v- F-¥m-Wv?- H-∂p- t\m-
°n-bm-s´' F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂p.- A-t∏mƒ- A-bmƒ- ]-d-bpw-:-˛
kqcym-Zn- {K-l-ß-sf-√mw- tZm-j-kv-Ym-\-Øm-Wv.- A-h-cp-sS-
tIm-]-im-¥n- h-cp-Øp-hm≥- th-≠p-∂- P-]w,- ]q-P,- Zm-\w-
F-∂o- H-gn-hp-I-sf-√mw- sN-øn-°-Ww.- A-s√-¶n¬- C-h≥-
hfsc- I-jv-S-∏m-Sp-Iƒ- A-\p-`-hn-°pw.- {]m-W-lm-\n-t]m-epw-
hcmw.-
H-cn-°¬- N°-bn-´-t∏mƒ- ap-b-en-s\- In-´nsb
∂v- I-cp-Xn- ap-be
- n-s\- In-´m≥- ho-≠pw- ho≠pw-
πm-hn¬- Ib-dp-∂-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- hn-Uv-Vn-Øw-
F-t∂- Cu- hnizm-ks - Ø- I-cp-Xm≥- ]-‰q.- h√-
{]-h-N-\-hpw- ]p-e¿-∂m¬-X-s∂- A-Xv- {K-lß
fp-sS-bpw- \-£-{X-ß-fp-sS-bpw- kzm-[o-\-^-e-
am-sW-∂p-≈-Xn-\v- sX-fn-sh-¥v?
D-Ø-cw-:- K-W-I-!- `q-an-sb-t∏m-se-X-s∂- A-tN-X-\-ß-fm-
Wv- kq-cym-Zn- tem-I-ß-fpw.- Nq-Spw- sh-fn-®-hpw- X-cp-hm-\-√m-
sX- a-s‰m-∂pw- sN-øp-hm≥- A-h-bv-°v- I-gn-bn-√.- tIm-]n-®m¬-
Zpx-J-sØ-bpw- {]-km-Zn-®m¬- kp-J-sØ-bpw- D-≠m-°p-hm≥-
A-h- tN-X-\-ß-tfm?''-- (kYym¿-Y-{]-Im-iw,- t]-Pv- 62).-
27 \-£-{X-߃-°pw- 9 {K-l-߃-°pw- am-{X-am-Wv- a-\p-
jy-cn¬- kzm-[o-\w- sN-ep-Øm≥- I-gn-hp-≈-Xv-;- a-s‰m-∂n-\pw-
B- I-gn-hn-√- F-∂-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hm-bn-s°m-≠v- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-
W≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""C-X-c- \-£-{X-߃-°v- C-Ø-cw- kzm-[o-
\-i-Iv-Xn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- Pm-X-I-^-e-Øn¬- hy-Xym-
kw- h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- A-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-
Wv- Pm-X-I-^-e-߃- i-cn-bm-sW-∂v- A-\p-`h -- -Øn-eq-sS- a-\-
 n-em-°p-∂-h¿-°v- a-‰p-\-£-{X-߃- P-∑-^-e-sØ- kzm-[o-
\n-°p-∂n-√- F-∂-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hv.- am-{X-a-√,- a-‰p-\-£-{X-߃-
°pw- {K-l-߃-°pw- A-{]-Im-cw- kzm-[o-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-
¶n¬- a-l-¿-jn-Iƒ- A-Xv- Im-Wm-sX- t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√''.-
C-Xv- h-√m-sØm-cp- sX-fn-hv- X-s∂-!- H-´-I-∏-£n-sb- D-Zm-
l-cn-®v- H-Sp-hn¬- hn-a¿-i-I≥- H-´-I-∏-£n-bp-sS- \-bw- kzo-I-
cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p;- Xm≥- a-W-en¬- X-e-]q-gv-Øn-bm¬- X-s∂-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
Bcpw- Im-Wn-√- F-∂v- I-cp-Xn- X-e-]q-gv-Øp-∂- \-bw.- Pm-X-I-
^-e-Øn¬- hy-Xym-kw- kw-`-hn-°p-∂n-√-t]m-epw.- kp-lr-tØ,-
I-gn-™- e-°-w- kw-hm-Z-Øn¬- Sn.-B¿.- Xn-cp-h-gmw-Ip-∂pw- cm[-
n-Im-ta-t\-m-\pw- F-gp-Xn-b- hn-a¿-i-\-°p-dn-∏v- X-m-¶ƒ- hm-bn-®n-
t√?- tem-Ik-`m- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏v- ^-e-{]-h-N-\-߃- \-S-Øn-b-
tPym-Xn-j- hn-im-cZ- ∑ - m-cp-sS- {]-hN - \- ß- s- f-√mw- ^-en-®p- F∂m-
tWm- Xm-¶ƒ- a-\  - n-em-°n-bX - v?- Rm≥- ]n-Sn-®- ap-be - n-\v- sImºv-
aq-∂v- F-∂- \-bw- \-√-tXm? ""\m-\m-Pm-Xn- a-X-kv-Y-cn¬- A\p-`-
h-Øn-eq-sS- tPym-Xn-j-Øn¬- bm-sXm-cp- I-g-ºp-an-s√-∂v- a-\-
 n-em-°n-bh - c- pw- D-≠v.- i-cn-Xs - ∂''- F-s∂-gp-Xn- A-Sp-Ø- Jfin-
I-bn¬- F-Øp-tºm-tg-°pw- A-Xv- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂- Xm-¶ƒ- F¥n-
\o- D-cp-≠p-If - n- \-SØ - p-∂p?- Pm-XI - ^- e- Ø- n¬- hy-Xym-kw- hcp-
∂-Xv,- A-Y-hm- ]-d-™-Xv- kw-`-hn-°m-Ø-Xv-˛ C-X-t√- A-\p-`-h-
Øn-eq-s-S- A-Xn¬- I-g-ºn-s√-∂v- a-\- n-em-°¬?- Xm-¶ƒ- F-gp-
Xp-∂s - X-s¥-∂v- Xm¶ƒ-°p-Xs - ∂- A-dn-bn-s√-∂¿-Yw-!- a-‰p- {Kl-
߃-°pw- \-£-{X-߃-°pw- kzm-[o-\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬-
a-l¿-jn-Iƒ- A-Xv- Im-Wm-sX- t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xm-
Wp-t]m-epw- a-s‰m-cp sX-fn-hv.-
b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- {K-l-am-b- `q-an- tPym-Xn-j-Øn¬- {K-l-a-√.-
kz-bw- P-ze- n-°p-∂- H-cp \-£{- Xa-mW - v- kq-cy≥.- tPym-Xn-jØ - n¬-
A-Xv- {K-l-am-Wv-!- N-{µ≥- {K-l-a-√;- `q-an-bp-sS- D-]-{K-l-am-Wv-.-
tPym-Xn-j-Øn¬- A-Xv- {K-l-hpw-!- cm-lp,- tI-Xp- F-∂n-ß-s\-
c-≠v- {K-l-߃- C-√.- tPym-Xn-j-Øn¬- A-h-bpw- {K-l-ß-fm-
Wv!-- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- "a-l-Øm-b'-,- "im-kv-{Xo-b'- I-≠p-]n-Sp-
Ø-߃- \-S-Øn-b- a-l¿-jn-am¿- a-‰-p- \-£-{X-߃-°pw- {K-l-
߃-°p-ap-≈- kzm-[o-\w- Im-Wm-sX- t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√-
F∂Xv- a-s‰m-cp- "im-kv-{Xo-b- k-Xyw'X-s∂-- !-
A-{_-lmw- en-¶-s\-°-p-dn-®p-≈- A-dn-hn-s\-bpw- {K-l-ß-fp-
sS- kzm-[o-\-i-Iv-Xn-sb-bpw- H-tc-t]m-se-bm-tWm- an-kv-‰¿- i-¶-
c-\m-cm-b-W≥- Im-Wp-∂-Xv?- en-¶-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈- Adn-hv- ]m-T-
]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬-\n-∂p-In-´n- F-∂-m-W-t√m- ]-d-™-Xv.- {K-l-ß-
fp-sS- k
- zm-[o-\i - I
- X v- n-sb°p-dn-®p-≈- Adn--thm-?- tPym-Xn-j- {K\v-
a-l¿-jn- Z-bm-\-µ- k-c-kz-Xn-bpw- Pm-X-I-hpw-
tNm-Zyw-:-˛ Pm-X-Iw- Xo-sc- \n-jv-^e-am-tWm?-
D-Øc - w-:˛- A-sX;- A-Xn-\v- Pm-XI - s - a-∂√ - - tim-IZ- w- F-∂mWv-
]-d-tb-≠-Xv.- k-¥m-\w- D-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ- k-I-e¿-°pw- B-\-µw-
D-≠m-Im-dp-≠v.- F-∂m¬- B- B-\-µw- k-¥m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Pm-X
Iw- F-gp-Xn- {K-l-^-ew- ]-d-™p-tIƒ-°p-∂-Xp-h-sc- am-{X-sa-
\n-e\- n¬-°p-∂p-≈q.- Pm-XI - w- F-gp-Xn-t°-≠X - m-sW-∂v- tPymXv-
ky≥- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ- Ip-´n-bp-sS- A-Nv-O-\-Ω-am-¿- tPy-m-Xv-ky-
t\m-Sv- ""h-f-sc- hn-ti-j-s∏-´- Pm-X-I-am-bn-cn-°-Ww''- F-∂v- ]-d
bp- ∂ p.- ]- d - t ™¬- ] n- ® - X v - [- \ n- I - \ m- s W- ¶ n¬- Np- I - ∏ pw-
a™bpw- h-c-Iƒ- sIm-≠pw- Nn-{X-߃-sIm-≠pw- tam-Sn-]n-Sn-
∏n-®pw,- Z-cn-{Z-\m-sW-¶n¬- km-[m-c-W- k-{º-Zm-b-Øn-epw- H-cp-
Pm-XI - w- F-gp-Xn-bp-≠m-°n-s°m-≠p-hc - pw.- A-t∏mƒ- Ip-´n-bpsS-
am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿- tPym-Xv-ky-s≥-d- ap-ºn¬- C-cp-∂v- tNm-Zn-
°p-∂p-:˛- ""C-hs - ≥-d- Pm-XI
- w- \-√X - p-Xs - ∂-bt- √?''- tPym-Xvk - y≥-
41
Y-ßf - n¬-\n-∂m-hpw-!- A-√m-Ø- h√- sXfn-hp-ap-t≠m?-
"s]m-cp-Ø'-Øn-se- "s]m-cp-Øt- °-Sp'-Is - f-∏‰n- Rm≥-
Fgp-Xn-b-Xn-\v- s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm-hp-∂- H-cp- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm≥-
I-gn-bm-sX- s]-cp-Ø- H-gn-™p-am-‰-am-Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- \-
S-Øp-∂-Xv.- ""hn-hm-l-w- I-gn-°p-∂-Xv- kv-{Xo-]p-cp-j-∑m-cm-Wv.- kv-
{Xo-]p-cp-j-∑m-cm-bn- F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- k-tlm-Z-c-߃- hn-hm-lw-
"s]m-cp-Ø'-Øn-se- "s]m-cp-Øt- °-Sp'-Is- f-∏‰n-
Rm≥- F-gp-Xn-b-Xn-\v- s]m-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-
Hcp- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bm≥- I-gn-bm-sX- s]-cp-Ø-
H-gn-™p-am-‰-am-Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- \-S-
Øp∂-Xv.-
Ign-°m-dn-√-t√m'' F-∂- A¿-Y-an-√m- hm-N-I-߃-sIm-≠v- Hm-
´-bS- °- m≥- {i-an-°p-∂X
- p-Im-Wp-tºmƒ- A-Xn-ep-ap-≠v- H-cp- s]m-
cp-Ø-t°-Sv.-
""tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s≥-d- im-kv-{Xo-b-X- hn-th-Im-\-µ≥- F-Xn¿-
Øn-´n-√''- F-∂m-Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- tPym-Xn-
j-Øn-s≥-d- A¿-Y-iq-\y-X- sh-fn-hm-°p-∂,- kzm-an- hn-th-Im-\-
µ-s≥-d- hm-°p-Iƒ- Rm≥- F-s≥-d- B-Zy-te-J-\-Øn¬- D-≤-cn-
®n-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´pw- A-t±-lw- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s≥-d- im-kv-{Xo-b-
X-sb- F-Xn¿-Øn-´n-√- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- F-¥n-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-
Ym-\-Øn-em-W-v?- A-t±-lw- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-s≥-d- im-kv-{Xo-b-X-
sb- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-s≠-
¶n¬- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- A-Xv- sX-fn-bn-°-W-w.- sh-dp-sX- H-gp-
°≥-a-´n¬- ]-d-™m¬-t]m-cm-.-
C-kv-em-an-s\- B-t£-]n-®p-sIm-≠v- hn-th-Im-\-µ≥- F-gp-
]-db
- p-∂p-:˛- ""D-≈X - v- ap-gp-h≥- ]-d™ - p-tIƒ-∏n-t®-°mw.- Ip-™n-
s≥-d- P-∑-{K-l-hpw- an-{X-{K-l-hpw- ip-`-ß-fm-Ip-∂p.- A-Xn-s≥-d-
^-ea - m-bn- Ip-´n- h-en-b- [-\n-I\ - pw- Io¿-Øn-am-\pw- B-bn-Øocpw.-
G-Xp- k-`-bn¬- sN-∂m-epw- C-h-s≥-d- tX-P -v- a-‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-
Xn-s\-°mƒ- an-I-®p-\n¬-°pw.- \-√- B-tcm-Ky-ap-≈-h-\pw- cmPm-
°-∑m¿- Iq-Sn- _-lp-am-\n-°p-∂h - \
- pw- B-bn-Øo-cpw''.-- Cu- hm°p-
Iƒ- tI-´v- Ip-´n-bp-sS- A-Nv-O-\-Ω-am¿- ]-d-bpw-:- ˛""sIm-≈mw-
A-ßv- \-√- tPym-Xc v- m-Wv''.- F-∂m¬- CX-ps - Im-s≠m-∂pw- Xs≥d-
Im-cyw- km-[n-°p-Ib - n-s√-∂v- tPym-Xvk - y-\d - n-bmw.- A-Xp-sIm≠v-
tPym-Xv-ky≥- ]n-s∂-bpw- ]-d-bp-∂p:-˛ ""Cu- ]-d-™- {K-l-ßsf-
√mw- h-fs - c- A-\p-Iq-eß - ƒ-Xs - ∂.- F-∂m¬- Cu- ip`-{K-l߃-
th-sd- Nn-e- {Iq-c{- K-lß - t- fm-Sv- Iq-Sn-t®¿-∂m-Wn-cn-°p-∂X - v.- AXv-
\n-an-Øw- Cu- Ip-´n-°v- F-´m-a-sØ- h-b- -n¬- ar-Xyp-tbm-Kw-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
Xn-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw- F-∂m¬- A-Xp- hm-bn-®v- A-t±-lw- C-kv-em-an-
s\- I-Tn-\-am-bn- sh-dp-Øn-cp-∂p- F-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- ]-‰n-√m-sb-
∂pw- {io.- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p.- A-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv-
tPym-Xn-j-sØ-°-pdn-®p-≈- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- B-t£-]-sØ-
ImtW-≠-Xv- F-∂m-Wv- hn-a¿-i-I≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- C-kv-em-an-s\-
B-t£-]n-®p-sIm-≠v- hn-th-Im-\-µ≥- ]-d-™-Xm-bn- H-cp- D-≤-
c-Wn-bpw- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v.- F-∂m¬- G-Xv-
{]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- s]m-fn-bm-\p-≈- Im-c-Ww-
""A-sX-√mw- H-tc-It- Z-i- {K-l\
- n-e- t\m-°n-bp≈-
{]-h-N-\-am-Wv .- cm-jv-{So-b- Nm-bv-hp-sIm≠v-
Aß-s\- kw-`-hn-®-Xm-Imw'' F-∂-Xm-Wp-t]m
epw!-- "C-Xp-sIm-s≠m-∂pw- tPym-Xn-jw- sX‰m-sW-
∂p-h-cn-√'- F-∂pw- A-t±-lw- Iq-´n-t®¿-°p-∂p.-
{K-\v-Y-Øn¬-\n-s∂-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv- B- D-≤-c-Wn-sb-∂v- A-t±-lw-
hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂n-√.- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- t\-cn-´v- tIƒ-°m≥- hgn-
bn-√-t√m.- H-cp- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬-\n-s∂-Sp-Ø-Xm-sW-¶n¬- A-Xv-
kqNn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.-
hn-th-Im-\-µ≥- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- F-Xn¿-Øp-]-d-™-Xv- Rm-
s\-Sp-Øp-≤c - n-®t- ∏mƒ- A-t±-lw- tPym-Xn-jØ - n-s≥-d- im-kv{- Xo-
b-Xs - b- F-Xn¿-Øn-cp-∂n-√- F-∂v- i-¶c - \- m-cm-bW
- ≥- ]-db - p∂p.-
A-ßs - \-bm-sW-¶n¬- hn-th-Im-\µ - ≥- tPym-Xn-js - Ø- A\pIq-
en-®p-]-d-™-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hv- \n-c-tØ-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn\v-
hn-a¿-iI - ≥- {i-an-®p-Im-Wp-∂n-√.- kzm-an- hn-th-Im-\µ - s
- ≥-d- {]kv-
Xm-hw- F-∂p-]-d-™v- "C-kv-em-an-s\- B-t£-]n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈-
H-cp- D-≤-c-Wn- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v.- F-∂m¬-
A-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-bn- \n-c-h-[n- D-≤-c-Wn-Iƒ- sIm-Sp-°m≥- F-\n-
°v- I-gn-bpw.- ln-µp-°-sf- B-t£-]n-®pw- apkv-enw-I-sf- ]p-I-gv-
Im-Wp-∂p''.- C-Xv- tIƒ-°p-tºmtg-°pw- A-Nv-O-\-Ω-am¿- ]p{X-
\p-≠m-b- B-\µ - s- a-√mw- Xy-Pn-®v- Zpx-Jn-Xc - m-bn- tPym-Xvk - y-t\mSv-
]-db- p-∂p-:˛- ""tPym-Xvk - y-tc-!- R-߃- F-¥v- sN-øW - w?''- tPymXv-
k≥- D-S-s\- ]-d-bpw:-˛-""A-Xn-\v- ]-cn-lmcw- sN-ø-Ww''.- ]-cn-lmc-
am¿-Kw- F-¥m-sW-∂v- Kr-l-kv-Y≥- tN-m-Zn-°p-tºmƒ- tPym-Xv
ky≥- ho-≠pw- ]-d-bpw-:-˛ ""Zm-\-߃- sIm-Sp-°-Ww.- {K-l-im¥n-
°p-≈- a-{¥-߃- P-]n-°-Ww.- Zn-h-kw-tXm-dpw- {_m-lv-a-W-sc-
Im¬-Ig - p-In-®q-´W - w.- F-¶n¬- {K-l∏ - n-g- Xo-cp-sa-∂m-Wv- A-\pam-
\n-t°-≠-Xv''.- tPym-Xv-ky≥- C-hn-sS- A-\p-am-\-sa-∂v- ]-d-™Xv-
h-f-sc- ap≥-I-cp-X-tem-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- H-cp-]-t£,- Ip-´n- a-cn-®p-
t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-bm¬- A-bmƒ- ]-d-bpw-:-˛ ""R-߃- F-¥v- sN-øpw?-
Cu-iz-c\ - p-]c- n- B-cp-an-√.- R-߃- h-fs - c- {]-bX - \
v- n-®p.- \n-ßfpw-
]-e-Xpw- sN-øn-®p. ]-t£,- A-h-s≥-d- I¿-a-^-ew- A-ß-s\bm
Wv''.- Ip-´n- Po-hn-s®-¶n¬- A-t∏m-gpw- A-bmƒ-°v- ]-d-bmw-:-˛
""t\m°p-I!- R-ß-fp-sS- a-{¥-ß-fp-sS-bpw- R-߃- D-]-h-kn-
42
Øn-bpw- kzm-an- hn-th-Im-\-µ≥- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv-
ImWpI-:-
""ap-lΩ
- Z- v- kz-Po-hn-XØ - n-eq-sS,- apl-ΩZ- o-b¿-°v- X-Ωn¬-
k-ºq¿-W-am-b- k-a-Xz-hpw- km-tlm-Z-cy-hpw- D-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-
sa-∂v- ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- Pm-Xn-˛a-X-˛h¿-K-˛h¿-W-˛enwK-
hyXym-kß - f - p-sS- {]-iv\ - t- a- A-hn-sS-bn-√.- Xp¿-°n- kp¬-Øm≥-
B-{^n-°≥- N-¥-bn¬-\n-∂v- H-cp- Im-∏n-cn-sb- hn-ebv-°v- hmßn-
N-ß-e-bn¬- X-f-®v- Xp¿-°n-bn¬- sIm-≠p-h-∂p-sh-∂n-cn-°-s´:-
F-∂m¬- A-bm-sfm-cp- ap-lΩ - Z- o-b\
- m-bm¬,- th-≠{- X- A¿-lX-
bpw- I-gn-hp-ap-s≠-¶n¬,- A-bm-sfm-cp-]-t£,- kp¬-Øm-s≥-d-
]p-{Xn-sb- hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-sX-∂pw- h-cmw.- Cu- \m-´n¬- Im-∏n-
cn-I-tfm-Spw- A-ta-cn-°≥-˛ C-¥y-tcm-Spw- s]-cp-am-dp-∂- coXn-bp-
am-bn- A-sXm-∂v- X-´n-®p-t\m-°p-I.- C-\n- ln-µp-°-sf-¥m-Wv-
sN-øp-∂-Xv?- \n-ß-fp-sS- ]m-Xn-cn-am-cm-sc-¶n-epw- H-cp- k-\m-X-\-
ln-µp-hn-s≥-d- B-lm-c-]-Zm¿-Yw- H-∂v- sXm-´p-t]m-bm¬- Abmf-
sX-√mw- h-en-s®-dn-bpw.- R-ß-fp-sS- D-Xv-Ir-jv-S-am-b- X-Ø-z-Nn¥-
sb-√mw- D-≠m-bn-´pw,- Im-cy-tØm-SS- p-°p-tºmƒ- R-ßf - p-sS- Ign-
hp-tI-Sv- \n-߃-°v- ImWmw.- a-‰p- h¿-K-°m-sc- A-t]-£n-®v-
apl-ΩZ- o-bs- ≥-d- a-lØ - z- w- \n-߃-°v- A-°m-cy-Øn¬- Im-Wmw˛
k-a-Xz-Øn¬-Iq-Sn- A-Xv- {]-I-S-am-Ip-∂p-˛ h¿-K-h¿-W- hy-X-y-m-
k-an-√m-Ø- ]-cn-]q¿W- k-a-Xzw''- (hn-th-I-m-\-µ- kmln-Xy-k¿-
h-kzw.- G-gmw- `mKw,- t]-Pv-:- 59).-
]-Xn-\m-emw- tem-Ik-`m- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n-s\- kw-_-\-v[n-®p-
≈- tPym-Xn-j-n-Ifp-sS- ^-e-{]-h-N-\-ß-sfm-s°- s]m-fn-s™-
∂v- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- A-Xn-s\- Xm-ßn-\n¿-
Øm≥- ho-≠pw- s]-Sm-]m-Sv- s]-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- {]-h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw-
s]m-fn-bm-\p-≈- Im-c-Ww- ""A-sX-√mw- H-tc-I-tZ-i- {K-l-\n-e-
t\m-°n-bp-≈- {]-hN - \- a
- m-Wv.- cm-jv{- So-b- Nm-bvh
- p-sIm-≠v- Aß-
s\- kw-`-hn-®-Xm-Imw''- F-∂-Xm-Wp-t]m-epw!-- "C-Xp-sIm-s≠m-
∂pw- tPym-Xn-jw- sX-‰m-sW-∂p-h-cn-√'- F-∂pw- A-t±-lw- Iq-´n-
t®¿-°p-∂p.- im-¥w-!- ]m-hw-!- F-∂√ - m-sX- F-¥p-]d - b
- m≥.- "GI-
tZ-i- {K-l-\n-e'--t\m-°n-bm-Wv- F-∂v- Xm-¶-tfm-Sv- B-cm-Wv- ]-d-
™-Xv?- Hm-tcm- t\-Xm-hn-s≥-d-bpw- Ir-Xy-am-b- Pm-X-I-a-dn-bp-∂-
°p-∂- tZ-h-X-am-cp-sS-bpw- {_-m-lv-a-W-cp-sS-bpw- i-Iv-Xn- F-{X-
h-ep-Xm-Wv-!- \n-ß-fp-sS- Ip-´n-sb- c-£n-®v- X-∂n-t√!''-- hm-kv-X-
hØn¬- P-]w-sIm-≠v- ^-es - am-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-s√-¶n¬- B- [q¿Ø-
∑m-cp-sS- I-øn¬-\n-∂v- A-h¿-°v- sIm-Sp-ØX - n¬- c-t≠m- aqt∂m-
C-c-´n- ]-Ww- a-S-°n- hm-tß-≠-Xm-Wv.- Ip-´n- Po-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-
Xm-bm-epw- A-ß-s\- a-S-°n- ta-Sn-°p-I X-s∂-bm-Wv- th-≠-Xv.-
F-s¥-∂m¬,- A-Xv- A-h-s≥-d- I¿-a-^-e-am-Wv.- ""Cu-iz-c-s≥-d-
\n-b-a-sØ- ew-Ln-°p-hm≥- B¿-°pw- i-Iv-Xn-bn-√'' F-∂v-
tPymXvk - y≥- ]-db - p-∂X
- p-t]m-se- ""A-hs - ≥-d- I¿-a^
- e
- h- pw- Cu-
iz-c-s≥-d- \n-b-a-hp-am-Wv-.- A-h-s\- c-£n-®-Xv \n-ß-fp-sS- {]-hr-
Øn-b-√''- F-∂v- Kr-l-\m-Y-\v- A-bm-tfm-Sv- ]-d-bmw.- Zm-\-ß-fpw-
a-‰p- I¿-aß
- f- pw- A-\p-jvT
- n-∏n-®v- {]-Xn-^e
- w- hm-ßn-bn-´p-≈- Kpcp-
ap-X-em-b-h-tcm-Spw- tPym-Xv-ky-t\m-Sv- ]-d-™-Xpt]m-se-X-s∂-
]-d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv''- (k-Xym¿-Y-{]-Im-iw,- t]-Pv- 63,-64).-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ- F-¥n-\m-Wv- G-I-tZ-i- {K-l\n-e- t\m-°n-bXv?-
Ir-Xy-am-b- {K-l-\n-e- t\m-°p-hm≥- A-h¿-°v- F-¥m-bn-cp-∂p-
X-S- w?- ""cm-jv-{So-b- Nm-bv-hv-sIm-≠v- A-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-®-
XmImw''- F-∂- hm-°n-eq-sS- \n- -lm-bm-h-kv-Y- sh-fn-hm-°p-
I-bm-Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- G-Xp-X-cw- Nm-bv-hp-
Iƒ-sIm-≠pw- kw-`h - n-°m-\n-cn-°p-∂s - X-t¥m- A-sXm-s°- ap≥-
Iq-´n- {]-hN
- n-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂ "C-Ωn-Wn-he - y'- im-k{v- X-am-b- tPym-
Xn-j-Øn-\v- tI-h-e-sam-cp- cm-jv-{So-b- Nm-bv-hv- F-hn-tS-s°-∂v-
{]-h-Nn-°m≥- I-gn-bm-Ø-Xv- »n- I-jv-Sm-bn- F-t∂- ]-d-bm-\p-
≈q.- Cu- ]p-Xn-b- "X-Ø-z-'-a-\p-k-cn-®v,- H-cp-Ø-s≥-d- Pm-X-Iw-
t\m-°n- H-cm-gv-N-°-Iw- a-cn-°p-sa-∂v- {]-h-Nn-®n-´v- A-bmƒ- H-cm-
gv-N-b-√- H-cp-h¿-jw- I-gn-™n-´pw- a-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬- A-Xn-\p-
Im-c-Ww- A-bm-fp-sS- "a-\- n-s≥-d- Po-hn-X-tØm-Sp-≈- Nm-bv-hp'-
s
- Im-≠m-Wv- F-∂p]-d™ - v- tPym-Xn-jn-°v- X-Sn-X∏
- mw.- Cu- XØz-
Øn-s≥-d- t]-‰≥-dv- B¿-°pw- hn-´p-sIm-Sp-°-cp-Xv.-
tUm-Iv-S¿-am-sc-bpw- tPym-Xn-jn-I-sf-bpw- Xm-c-X-ayw- sN-bv-
X-Xp-sIm-s≠m-∂pw- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- Xm-ßn-\n¿-Øm≥- I-gn-bn-
√m-sb-∂v- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- a-\- n-em-°-Ww.- H-cp- tUm-Iv-S-
{]-kn-≤n-°p-th-≠n- hym-P- {]h-N-\w- \-S-
Øp∂- tPym-Xv-ky-\m-Wv- ]-Wn-°-sc-¶n¬- A-
t±-l-Øn-\v- "\-√- tPym-Xv-ky≥-'- F-∂- k¿-´n-
^n-°-‰v- sIm-Sp-Ø-sX-¥n-\m-Wv?- {]-kn-≤n-°p-
th-≠n- I-≈w- ]-d-bp-I- F-∂-Xm-tWm- \-√-
tPym-Xv-ky-Øn-s≥-d- A-S-bm-fw?-
dpw- ]-cn-]q¿-W- ku-Jyw- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- sN-øm-dn-√.- ]-c-am-h-[n-
sN-bv-Xp-t\m-°mw- F-∂- \n-e-]m-tS- A-h¿-°p-≈q.- F-∂m¬-
A-ß-s\-bm-tWm- tPym-Xn-jn-I-fp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sv?- Rm≥- B-h¿-
Øn-®v- ]-d-b-s´,- Xm-¶ƒ- ]-d-bp-∂-sX-s¥-∂v- Xm-¶ƒ-°p-t]m-
epw- A-dn-bn-√.- "]-e-]-e- tUm-Iv-S¿-am-sc-I-≠n-´pw- Im-ti-sd-
sNe-hm-°n-bn-´pw- tcm-Kw- am-dm-sX- H-Sp-hn¬- A¬-]w- ^o-kv-
hm-ßp-∂- {]-kn-≤-\-√m-Ø- H-cp- tUm-Iv-S-sd- Im-Wn-®-t∏mƒ-
A-kp-Jw- am-dn.- C-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv- tPym-Xn-jn-bp-sS-bpw- kvYn-
Xn'--sb-∂v- Xm-¶ƒ- ]-d-bp-∂p.- `q-cn-`m-Kw- tPym-Xn-jn-I-fp-sS-bpw-
{]-h-N-\-߃- sX-‰pw.- N-°-bn-´-t∏mƒ- ap-b-en-s\-In-´p-tºm-se-
C-S-bv-°v- G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cm-fp-sS- {]-h-N-\w- h-√-Xpw- \-S-t∂-
°pw- F-∂-t√- C-∏-d-™-Xn-\¿-Yw?- ""A-Xn-hn-Z-Kv-[- \ m-b- k¿-
P-\v- F-√m- Hm-∏-td-j-\pw- hn-P-b-am-°m≥- Ign-t™m-f-W-sa-
∂n-√.- \q-dn-sem-∂v- ssI-∏n-g-]-‰pw-''- F-∂p-]-d-™v- tPym-Xn-jn-
I-fp-sS- ]n-g-hn-s\- \ym-bo-I-cn-°p-tºm-gpw- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥-
A¬-]w- ap-ºp-]-d-™-Xv- a-d-∂p.- ""C-X-c- {K-l-߃-°v- kzm-[o-
\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- Pm-X-I-^-e-Øn¬- am-‰w-h-cp-am-bn-cp-
∂p.- A-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-°p-∂n-√'-'- F-∂m-Wv- Xm-¶ƒ- ]-d-™-
Xv.- tUm-Iv-S¿-am¿-°v- ]n-g-hv- ]-‰p-tºm-se- tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ-°pw-
]n-g-hv- ]‰p-sa-∂- v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw- Xm-¶-ƒ.- Pm-X-I-^-e-Øn-se- am-
‰w-X-s∂-b-t√- tPym-Xn-jn-I-fp-sS- ]n-g-hv?- PmX-I-^-e-Øn¬- am-
‰w- kw-`-hn-°m-dn-√m-sb-∂pw- tPy-m-Xn-jn-Iƒ-°pw- ]n-g-°pw- F-
43
∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬- ssh-cp-[-y-an-t√?- A-\v-[-hn-izm-
km-[n-jv-Tn-X- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- A-\v-[-am-bn- A-\p-Iq-
en°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠-t√- ssh-cp-[ym-[n-jv-Tn-X- hym-Jym-\w-
\¬-tI-≠n-h∂Xv?-
""]-c-∏-\-ßm-Sn- D-Æn-Ir-- -jv-W-∏-Wn-°¿- \-√- tPym-Xv-ky-\m-
Wv.- Nn-e- {]-h-N-\-߃- {]-kn-≤n-°p-th-≠n- ]-d-™-Xv- sX-‰n-
bn-´p-≠m-Imw''- F-∂m-Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-≥- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv-!- {]-
kn-≤n-°p-th-≠n- hym-P- {]h-N-\w- \-S-Øp-∂- tPym-Xv-ky-\m-
Wv- ]-Wn-°-sc-¶n¬- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- "\-√- tPym-Xv-ky≥-'- F-∂-
k¿-´n-^n-°-‰v- sIm-Sp-Ø-sX-¥n-\m-Wv?- {]-kn-≤n-°p-th-≠n- I-
≈w- ]-d-bp-I- F-∂-Xm-tWm- \-√- tPym-Xv-ky-Øn-s≥-d- A-S-bm-
fw?- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- hy-Iv-X-am-°-Ww.- k-Xy-sØ- Aw-Ko-I-
cn-°m-\p-≈- ssh-ap-Jyw- H-cm-sf-s°m-≠v- F-s¥m-s°- ]-d-bn-
∏n-°pw,- sN-øn-∏n-°pw- F-∂-Xn-\v- D-Zm-l-c-Ww- tX-Sn- a-s‰-ßpw-
t]m-tI-≠-Xn-√;- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-s≥-d- Cu- hm-°p-Iƒ- a-Xn.-
""{_n-´o-jv- K-h¨-sa≥-dv- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p-
F∂p-]-d-™-Xv- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿-- F-s¥-¶n-epw- ]-d-™m-te- hn-
iz-kn-°m≥- X-c-ap-≈q- F-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂-h¿-°v- th-≠n-bm-Wv''-
F-∂m-Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W-s≥-d- hn-i-Zo-I-c-Ww.- C-Xv- k-Xy-am-
sW-∂v- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥-t]m-epw- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p-t≠m?- ""e-
Kv\
- ß- f - pw- `m-hß - f - pw- A\p-kc - n-®m-Wv- H-cm-fp-sS- Po-hn-XØ - n¬-
K-Xn-hn-K-Xn-Iƒ- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂-Xv- G-Xv- im-kv-{X-Øn-
s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn-em-Wv- sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂v-
_-lp.- Dkv-am≥- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v.- A-Xn-\v- D-Ø-cw- C-Xm-Wv-''-
F-∂p-]-d-™v- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-˛]u-c-kvXy- \m-Sp-I-fn-se- ]-Wv-Un-
X-˛]m-a-c-∑m-cp-sS- A-\p-`-h-Pv-Rm-\-Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn-
em-Wv- tPym-Xn-jw- sX-fn-bn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X - v- F-s∂-gp- X - n- DZm-
l-c-W-am-bm-Wv- {_n-´o-jv- K-h¨-sa≥-dn-s≥-d- sN-e-hn¬- Ajv-
S-aw-Ke - y-{]-iv\- h- pw- a-‰pw- \-SØ
- n-bX - m-bn- ]-db - p-∂X- v.- C-Xv- ]miv-
Nm-Xy¿- ]-d-™m-te- hn-iz-kn-°q- F-∂v- I-cp-Xp-∂-h¿-°p-th-
≠n- ]-d-™-X-√-;- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-cpw- A-\y-a-X-°m-cpw- tPym-Xn-j-
Øn-s≥-d- A-Sn-a-I-fm-Wv- F-∂v- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-Wv- F-∂m-
Wv- _p-≤n-bp-≈-h¿-°v- a-\- n-em-h-p-I.- C-kv-emw,- {In-kv-Xy≥-
hn-`m-K-Øn-epw- s]m-cp-Øw- t\m-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v- F-∂v- {_m-°-
‰n¬- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xn¬-\n-∂pw- C-°m-cyw- hyIv-
X-am-Wv.- ]n-s∂-,- Rm≥- ]m-iN v- m-Xy-sc- D-≤c - n-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬- AXv-
tem-I-Øv- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- F-∂- \n-e-bv-°m-
Wv.- A-√m-sX- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy¿- ]-d-™m-te- hn-iz-kn-°q- F-∂v-
Icp-Xp-∂-h¿-°-√.- ""D-kv-am≥-X-s∂- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-sc- D-Zm-l-c-W-
Øn-\v- D-≤-cn-°m-dp-≠-t√m-''- F-∂p-]-d-™v- F-s∂-bpw- H-tc-
Xqh¬-]-£n-bm-°m≥- {i-an-®-Xp-sIm-≠v- ^-e-sam-∂p-an-√.-
\-jSv- P- m-XI - {- ]-Ic- W- s
- Ø-°p-dn-®p-≈- H-cp- k-tlm-Zc - n-bpsS-
kw-i-b-Øn-\v- a-dp-]-Sn-bm-bn- hy-Xy-kv-X- \-£-{X-ßfn¬- P-\n-
®- c-≠p-t]¿- H-tc-k-a-b-Øv- \jv-S-Pm-X-Iw- F-gp-Xn-Ø-cp-hm≥-
B-h-iy-s∏-´m¬- A-h¿- \n¬-°p-∂- kv-Ym-\w- t\m-°n- H´pw-
{]-bm-k-an-√m-sX- A-Xv- K-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥- km-[n-°pw- F-
∂m-Wv- i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- sh-Æ-bn¬-\n-∂pw- \q-
ev- h-en-s®-Sp-°p-∂- em-L-h-tØm-sS- \-jv-S-Pm-X-Iw- K-Wn-s®-
Sp-°m≥- I-gn-bp-sa-∂- hm-Z-Øn¬- I-g-ºn-s√-∂m-Wv- hn-Zzm≥- cm-
a-Ir-jv-W-]-Wn-°¿- s]-cn-ßm-S-v ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- A-t±-lw- "PmX-
I- K-Wn-X-I-e'- F-∂- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 46 ¬)-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
44

B¿-jk - w-kIv- m-cØn-s≥-d- aq-ey-t{km-X  - p-If

- n¬- F-hn-sS-bpw-
tPym-Xn-jw- {]-Xn-]m-Zy-a-√- F-∂-Xv- {i-t≤-b-am-Wv.- th-Zmw-K-
˛th-Z-im-kv{X- hn-`m-K-Øn¬- H-cp- ]-´n-I- X-øm-dm-°-s∏-´-Xpw-
B- ]-´n-I-bn¬- tPym-Xn-jw,- th-Z-\n-jv-]-∂-am-b- H-cp- im-kv{X-
ambn- {]-Xn-jT v- n-°s
- ∏-´X
- pw- c-≠v- \q-‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬- am-{X-amWvv.-

tPym-Xn-j-hpw-
`m-c-Xo-b- im-kv-{X-ß-fpw-
A-_v-Zp¬-lm-Zn-
tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- C-X-c- `m-K-ß-fn¬- N-cn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- hn-hn-[-
L-´ß - f - n-em-bn- B-hn¿-`h
- n-®- \m-Kc
- n-IX
- I- ƒ-°v- Xp-ey-am-b- Hcp-
\m-K-cn-I-X- `m-c-X-Øn¬- B-hn¿-`-hn-°p-I-bpw- \n-e-\n¬-°-bpw-
sN-bvX - n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- h-∂m¬-t]m-epw- B- \m-Kc - n-IX- s
- b- "ssl-
µ-h- \m-K-cn-I-X'- F-∂v- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-I- km-[y-a-√.- "C≥-Ukv-
hm-en' \m-K-cn-I-X-°v- ssl-µ-h-kw-kv-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- kz-`m-h-ß-
fp-am-bn- A-S-n-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-b- `n-∂-X-Iƒ- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- AXp-
sIm-≠p-X-s∂- `m-c-Xo-b-kw-kv-Im-c-sØ-°-p-dn-®p-≈- ssl-µ-h-
A-h-Im-i-hm-Z-߃- Iq-Sn-b-tXm-Xn¬- ]p-\x-]-cn-tim-[-\-b¿-ln-
°p-∂p-≠v.-
tam-l≥-P-Zm-tcm˛lm-c-∏≥- \m-K-cn-I-X-sb-°-p-dn-®p-≈- ]q¿-
W-hn-h-c߃- N-cn-{X-K-th-j-I-¿-°v- e-`y-am-bn-´n-s√-¶n¬-t]m-
epw,- e-`y-am-b- hn-h-c-߃-sh-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ- B-cy-kw-kv-
Im-c-hp-am-bn- H-cp- \n-e-bv-°pw- tbm-Pn-°m-Ø-Xm-Wv- A-Xv- F∂-
Xn-\v- th-≠-{X- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.- B-cy≥-I-S-∂m-{I-a-W-Øn¬-
X-I¿-sØ-dn-b-s∏-´- ssk-\v-[-h-\m-K-cn-I-X-sb- ln-µp-Xz-hm-Zn-
I-fm-b- N-cn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿-°p-am-{X-am-Wv- ssl-µ-h-\m-K-cn-I-X-bm-
bn- Im-Wm≥- I-gn™n-´p-≈-Xv.- ssk-\v-[-h-\m-K-cn-I-X-sb- B-
cy-˛ssl-µh - h
- ¬-Ic- n-°m-\p-≈- {i-aß- f - p-sS- `m-Ka- m-bn- B-cy≥-
I-S-∂m-{I-a-W-ß-sf-h-sc- \n-tj-[n-t°-≠n-h-∂p,- ln-µp-Xz-hm-
Zn-Iƒ-°v.-
an-j¬- U-\n-t\m-sb-t∏-m-se-bp-≈- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy-sc- D-]-tbm-
Kn-®v- B-cym-[n-\n-th-is - Ø- \n-tj-[n-°p-hm≥- km-[n-®X - v- lnµp-
Xz- N-cn-{X-]-≤-Xn-bp-sS- h-Iv-Xm-°-fpsS- Xm¬-°m-en-I- hn-P-b-
am-bn-cp-∂p.- ``The Invasion that Never was' t]m-ep-≈- Ir-Xn-
I-fn-eq-sS- ssl-µ-h-\m-K-cn-I-X-°v- A-Xn-{]m-No-\-X- k-¶¬-]n-
°m-\p-≈- {i-a-߃- \-S-∂p.-(1)- B-¿.-F-kv.-F-kv.- A-S-°-ap-≈-
ln-µp-Xz{]-kv-Ym-\-߃- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- N-cn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- lnµp-
Xzm-[n-jv-Tn-X- ho-s≠-Sp-∏v- (Recovery of History through the
Hindutva F-∂- Ir-Xn- Im-Wp-I)(2)- F-∂- B-i-b-sØ- A-Sn-
kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bm-Wv- B-cym-[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s≥-d- \n-tj-[w- kw-
`-hn-®-Xv.-
A-]q¿-hw- Nn-e- ta-Je - I
- sfm-gn-®m¬- {]m-No-\`- m-cX
- Ø
- n-s≥-d-
im-kv-{X-kw-`m-h-\-Iƒ- ]-cn-an-X-ß-fm-Wv.- ]-t£,- `m-c-X-Øn-
\v- H-cp- kp-h¿-WI -- m-e-hpw- B- Im-e-Øn-s≥-d- \m-K-cn-I-hpw- im-
kv-{Xo-b-hpam-b- ]p-tcm-K-Xn-sb- Im-Wn-°p-hm≥- \n-c-h-[n- sX-
fn-hp-I-fpw--- Ir-{Xn-a-am-bn- B-hn-jv-I-cn-®- ln-µp-Xz-N-cn-{X-Im-c-
∑m¿- \n-c-Øn-b- im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS- ]-´n-I- \o-≠-X-s{X-!- A-Wp-
hn-Pv-Rm-\o-bw- ap-X¬- tKm-fm-¥-c- ]-T-\-im-kv-{Xw- hsc-bp-≈-
]-´n-I- A-h¿- \n-c-Øp-∂p.- t¢m-Wnw-Kv- ap-X¬- sP\n‰n-Iv-kv- h-
sc-bp-≈- t\-´-߃- Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sNøp∂p!-
C-Xn-lm-k-˛]p-cm-W-ß-fn-se-bpw- a-‰pw- Nn-e- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
fpw- Im-hy-I¬-]-\-I-fpw- Nq-≠n-°m-´n- A-h-sb- im-kv-{X-t\-
´-ß-fm-bn- Nn-{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂- ln-µp-Xz-N-cn-{X- \n¿-am-Xm-°ƒ-
Im-hy-`m-h\ - I - ƒ- bm-Ym¿-Yy-ßf - m-Wv- F-∂p-≈- _m-en-ia - mb-
hm-Z-K-Xn- D-∂-bn-°p-I-bm-Wv- bYm¿-Y-Øn¬- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≈-
Xv.- B-Kv-t\-bm-kv-{Xw-,- ]p-jv-]-I- hn-am-\w,- cm-a-_m-Ww,- i-c
i-ø- Xp-Sß- n-b- k-¶¬-]ß - s- f,- ssh-am-\n-I- im-k{v- Xw- apX¬-
A-Iyp-]w-Iv-N¿- h-sc-bp-≈-h-bv-°v- sX-fn-hp-I-fm-bn- Nq-≠n-
°m-Wn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- im-kv-{Xm-h-t_m-[-Øn-s≥-d- "A-]m-c-
X'-tbm¿-Øv- \-ap-°v- e-Pv-Pn-°m≥- ]-e- k-µ¿-`-߃- e-`n-
°p∂p-!-
th-Z-K-Wn-Xw,- tPym-Xn-jw- XpS-ßn-b-h- ln-µp-Xz-hm-Zn-I-
fp-sS- {]m-No-\- im-kv{- X-]´- n-Ib - n¬- h-cp-∂h - b
- m-Wv.- C-hb - n¬-
th-Z-K-Wn-Xw,- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- {Ko-°p-Im-cp-sS- Rothic Math-
ematics s≥-d- kw-kv-Ir-X- ]-Xn-∏v- am-{X-am-sW-∂v- sX-fn-bn-
°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.- tPym-Xn-j-am-h-s´- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- c-≠v-
\q-‰m-≠n-e[ - n-Iw- ]-g°- a - p-≈- H-∂√ - .- tPym-Xn-jh- pam-bn- _\v-
[-s∏-´- G-‰-hpw- ]-g-°w-sN-∂- kw-kv-Ir-Xn-Iƒ-t]m-epw- c≠v-
\q-‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬- F-gp-X-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv F-∂v- tUm-Iv-S¿-
{^m¶v-en≥- tPm¨-kv- X-s≥-d- ``Ancient India and Scien-
tific progress'' F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- F-gp-Xp-∂p(3)-.-
""C-∂v- C-¥y-bn¬- tPym-Xn-j-Øn-\v- e-`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂- {]-N-c-W-hpw- {]-kn-≤n-bpw- {]m-No-\- C-¥y-bn¬- D-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-√''- F-∂v- --- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- am-{X-a-√,- ""{]m-No-\- C-¥y-
bn¬- tPym-Xn-jw- H-cp- im-kv-{X-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-
∂p''- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xp-t]m-epw- sX-‰m-Wv.- B¿-j-kw-kv-Im-
cØn-s≥-d- aq-ey-t{km-X- p-I-fn¬- F-hn-sS-bpw- tPym-Xn-jw-
{]-Xn-]m-Zy-a√ - - F-∂X - v- {i-t≤-ba - m-Wv.- th-Zmw-K˛- th-Zi - m-kv{X-
hn-`m-K-Øn¬- H-cp- ]-´n-I- X-øm-dm-°-s∏-´-Xpw- B- ]-´n-I-bn¬-
tPym-Xn-jw,- th-Z-\n-jv-]-∂-am-b- H-cp- im-kv-{X-ambn- {]-Xn-
jv-Tn-°-s∏-´-Xpw- c-≠v- \q-‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬- am-{X-am-Wv-.-
tPym-Xn-j-sØ-°-p-dn-®v- K-th-j-Ww- \-S-Øn-b- hy-‡n-
bpw- Astronomy, Astrology and Astro Physics F-∂- IrXn-
bp-sS- I¿-Øm-hp-am-b- am¿-Kc - °
- s v- {^-Un- X-s≥-d- {K-\Y v- Ø
- n¬-
C-{]-Im-cw- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""h-f-sc- A-Sp-Ø- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°p-
≈n¬- B-hn-jv-I-cn-°-s∏-´- tPym-Xn-jw,- {]m-No-\- C¥y≥-
im-kv-{X-ß-fn¬- Dƒ-s∏-´-X-√.- kw-kv-Ir-X- `m-j-bn¬- F-gp-
X-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¥pw- {]m-No-\-am-Wv- F-∂v- hn-fn-°p-∂- {]h-W-
X-bp-sS- ^-e-am-bm-Wv- tPym-Xn-jw- {]-mNo-\-am-b- H-cp- imkv-
{X-am-bn- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´-Xv- F-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- \mw- t{]-cn-X-
cm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂p''.-(4)--
tPym-Xn-jw- c-≠v- \q-‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬- B-hn¿-`-hn-®- H-∂m-
im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-kz-`m-hw,- ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bn-te-°p-≈- ap-t∂-‰w,- a\p-
jy-cm-in-bn¬- Kp-W-]-c-hpw- kr-jv-Sn-]-c-hp-am-b- kzm-[o-\w- F-∂-o- Kp-W-ß-fn¬-
H-∂p-t]m-epw- tPymXn-j-Øn-\n-s√-∂v- A¬-]-_p-≤n-bp-≈- G-Xv- k-Xym-t\z-jnbpw-
k-Ω-Xn-°pw
45
sW-¶n¬-t]m-epw- A-Xv- Cu- Im-e-L-´-Øn-se-t∏-m-
se- I-gn-™-\q-‰m-≠n¬- kzo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n√- F-∂-
Xv- {]-tXy-I- {i-≤-b¿-ln-°p-∂- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv.- ln-µp-Xz-
hm-Zn-I-fp-sS- ho-c-]p-cp-j-\m-b- kh-¿-°¿- tPy-m-Xn-j-sØ-°-p-
dn-®v- ]-d-™-Xv- ""a-\p-jy-s\- kzm-[o-\n-°p-hm≥- {]-]-©-Øn-
se- {K-l-߃-°v- km[n-°p-sa-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv ip-≤- A-kw-_-
\v-[-hpw- a-\p-jy-s\- \nµn-°-ep-am-Wv''- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p(5)-.- tPym-
Xn-jsØ-- ]-cn-]m-h-\-am-b- H-cp- im-kv-{X-sa-∂v- A-t±-lw- I-cp-
Xn-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
""ssl-µ-h- C-¥y-bp-sS- cm-jv-{So-b- N-cn-{Xw-''- (The Politi-
cal History of Hindu India) F-∂- Ir-Xn-bn¬- F¬.-]n.- cm-Pv-
]p-{Xv- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""tPym-Xn-jw- t]m-ep-≈- Ir-{Xn-a- D-]m-bß - ƒ-
im-kv-{X-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- ssl-µ-h-N-cn-{Xw-
AXn-s≥-d- _p-≤n-]-c-am-b- ]q¿-h- {]-`m-h-Øn¬-\n-∂v- Xn-cp-Ø-
s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- B-[p-\n-I-ln-µp-°ƒ- tPym-Xn-j-
Øn-s≥-d- ]n-ds - I- t]m-Ip-∂X- v- A-hs- c- im-kv{- X-tØm-Spw- hnth-
I-tØm-Sp-ap-≈- _-\v-[-Øn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-d-tIm-´v- h-en-°p-∂p-≠v.-
A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- tPym-Xn-jw- ln-µp-°-fp-sS- A-`n-hr-≤n-°v-
th-≠n-bp-≈- H-∂-√''.-(6)-
im-kv{- X-Øn-s≥-d- h-kvX - p-\n-jvT
- k- z-`m-hw,- ]p-tcm-KX - n-bn-te-
°p-≈- ap-t∂-‰w,- a-\p-jy-cm-in-bn¬- Kp-W-]-c-hpw- kr-jv-Sn-]-c-
hp-am-b- kzm-[o-\w- F-∂-o- Kp-W-ß-fn¬- H-∂p-t]m-epw- tPymXn-
j-Øn-\n-s√-∂v- A¬-]-_p-≤n-bp-≈- G-Xv- k-Xym-t\z-jn-bpw-
k-Ω-Xn-°pw.- Aw-t_-Zv-I¿- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®-Xv-
"Bcy≥- Ip-_p-≤n-I-fm-b- {_m-lv-a-W-cp-sS- am-\-kn-I- tcm-Kw'-
F-∂m-Wv.(7)- - tPym-Xn-jØ - n-s≥-d- A-Sn-aØ - w- H-cp-Xc - w- am-\k- nI-
tcm-K-am-Wv- F-∂v- A-Xn-s≥-d- ]n-¥p-S¿-®-°m-cpsS- {]-hr-Øn-I-
fn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂p-ap-≠t√m.-
I-gn-™- Im¬-\q-‰m-≠n-\n-S-bn¬- tPym-Xn-j-hp-am-bn-- _-\v-
[-s∏´v- C-¥y-bn-
epw- hn-tZ-i-Øpw-
\-S-∂- ]-T-\-߃-
sX- f n- b n- ® n- ´ p- ≈ -
Xpw- tPym-Xn-jw- -
tI-h-ew- ""hn-izm-
k-]-c-am-b- A-\v-
[m-Nm-cw''- a - m-{X-am-
sW-∂m-Wv.-- ssl-
µ-h- B-Nm-c-ß-fp-
am-bpw- aq-Vh - n-izm-
k-ßf - p-am-bpw- Km-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

tPym-Xn-jw- ˛ kw-hm-Zw-
V-am-bn- sI-´p-]n-W-™p-In-S-°p-∂- tPym-Xn-j-sØ- im-kv-{X-
h¬-I-cn-°m-\p-≈- Kq-V-\o-°-߃- \S-Øn-b,-- -I-gn-™- F≥.-
Un.-F.- - a-{¥n-k`- b
- n-se- am-\h
- - hn-`h
- t- i-jn-˛ hn-Zym-`ym-ka - {- ¥-n,-
C-¥y≥- P-\-X-sb -im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn- \-bn-°m-\√ - ,- h-gn-sX-‰n-
°m-\m-Wv- {i-an-®X - v- F-∂X- n-¬- kw-ib-an-√.-
H-cp-h¿-jw- C-¥y-bn-se- tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ- \-S-Øp-∂- {]-h-N-
\-ß-fn¬- tI-h-ew- A-©v- i-X-am-\w- t]m-epw- i-cn-bm-bn-Øo-
cp-I-tbm- ]p-e-cp-I-tbm- sN-øp-∂n-√.- C-¥y-bn-se- G-‰-hpw- anI-
®- H-cp- tPym-Xn-jn-sb-°mƒ- \-∂m-bn- `m-hn-{]-h-Nn-°p-hm≥- C-
hnSp-sØ- H-cp- sX-cp-hv- Pm-e-hn-Zy-°m-c-\v- I-gn-bp-sa-∂v- imkv-
{X-{]-Nm-c-I-\m-b- s{]m-^.-\-tc-{µ-\m-bn-Iv- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-I-
bp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- I-gn-™-Im-e-Øv- cm-jv-{So-b- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏p-
I-fp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-´v- C-¥y-bn-se- tPym-Xn-jn-Iƒ- \-S-Øn-b-
{]-h-N-\-ß-fn¬- sXm-Æq-‰n-sbm≥-]-Xv- i-X-am-\-hpw- sX-‰m-bn-
t]m-hp-I-bp-≠m-bn.- ]-c-ky-am-bn- {]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-´- {]-h-N-\-
am-I-bm¬- A-h-bn-se- I-≈-Ø-cw- \-ap-°v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- Ign-
™p.-
F∂m¬- hy-Iv-Xn-]-c-hpw- Ip-Spw-_-]-c-hpw- a-‰p-am-b- B-h-
iy-߃-°v- tPym-Xn-jn-I-sf- B-{i-bn-°p-∂- C-¥y-bn-se- tPym-
Xn-j-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- {Iq-c-am-bn- h-©n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- A-h¿-t]m-
epw- A-dn-bm-sX-bm-Wv.- I-eym-Ww- ap-X¬- I-fn-°-fw-h-sc-bp-
≈- Im-cy-߃-°v- \m-fpw- \m-gn-I-bpw- {K-l-\n-e-bpw- ^-e-tZm-
j-ß-fpw- t\m-°p-∂- £n-{]-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ,- tPym-Xn-jn-I-fp-
sSbpw- K-Wn-I-∑m-cp-sS-bpw- hm-°p-I-sf- "ssZ-h-hm-Wn'-I-fmbn-
46
kzo-I-cn-®v- ap-t∂m-´v- \o-ßp-tºmƒ- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-
Xv- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- kzm-`m-hn-I- hnth-I-hpw- im-kv-{X-t_m-
[-hpw- ]-®-bm-bn- \n-µn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- ]-Wv-Un‰v-
P-h-l¿-em¬- s\lv-dp-hn-s≥-d- hm-°p-Iƒ- {it≤-b-am-Wv-:-
""A-t\-Iw- aq-V-im-kv-{X-ß-fpw- A-\m-Nm-c-ß-fpw- C¥y≥-
P-\-X-sb- h-gn-sX-‰n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- {]Im-i-hpw-
sh-fn-®-hpw- I-S-∂p-sN-√m≥- km-[n-°m-Ø-hn-[w- a-\p-jy-lr-Z-
b-ß-sf- B-h-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xv- \n¬-°p-∂- aq--V-X-I-fp-sS- a-dIƒ-
\o-ßn-t∏m-Im-sX- C-¥y-°v- ap-t∂m-´v- A-[n-I-Zq-cw- t]m-Im-\m-
h-n-√''.-(8)--
A-he -- w-_-߃-
1. The invasion that never was, Mera Atidi-Arabindashrama,
Pondichery, 1992 P. 13
2. Recovery of History through the Hindutva, Kurukshetra
Prakashan, Nagpur, 1986, P. 7
3. Ancient Indian and Scientific progress, Dr. Franclin Johns,
Indiano Press, London, 1990, P. 129-130
4. Astronomy, Astrology and Astrophysics, Margerett Freddy,
Webstern Publications, Stutgert, 1009, P. 39
5. Hindutva and Ancient India, Dr. Berendra Nelgukar, Pune, 1969,
P. 34, Shivaji Publication, Tane
6. The political History of Hindu India, L.P. Rajputhr, New Delhi,
Ashokandmitra publication 1998, P. 210
7. Indian Bramanism and Politics of Freedom, V.T. Hirekhar, Lonon,
1986, P. 18-19
8. Speech at the Science Congress, Calcutta, January 14, 1957.

tPym-Xn-jw- sX-s‰-∂v- ........- (t]-Pv- 43 ¬- \n-∂v)-

""G-Im-{K-Nn-¥b - pw- \-h{- K-l`- I
- vX- n-bpw-
Zzm-Zi- `
- K- W- m-cm-[\
- b- pw- Kp-cp-Im-cp- W
- y-hpw-
]-c-º-cm-K-X-amb- Ip-e-ssZ-h-Xm-\p-{K-l-
hpw- hn-Pv-Rm-\- PvRm-\- k-ºm-Z-\- Nn-¥-
bpw- X-Z-\p-Kp-W-am-b- Zn\-N-cy-bpw- kzm-b-
Ø-am-°n-b- tPym-Xn-j- hnZym¿-Yn-Iƒ-°v-
\-jv-S-Pm-X-I- KWn-Xw- Zr-j-vS-Pm-X-I-cn-epw-
kp-K-a-hpw- kp-{Kl-hpam-Wv.-
]-c-º-cm-K-X-am-b- tPym-Xn-im-kv-{X-
]mc-ºc - y-an-√m-Ø- Zp-cm-{K-ln-Iƒ- C-Xv- ]Tn-
®v- {]m-h¿-Øn-I-am-°m≥- B-{K-ln-°p-∂p-
sh-¶n¬- k-ap-{Zw- h-‰n-®v- ap-Øv- F-Sp-°m≥-
B-{K-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\v- k-Zr-iy-am-Ipw.- ]-cn-
{h-m-P-I-tbm-Kw- P-∑-kn-≤-am-bn- C-√m-Ø-
h¿- ]-cn-{h-m-P-I-Xzw- kzo-I-cn-®m-ep-≠m-
Ip∂- Po-hn-X- hy-Y-°v- Xp-eyw- \n-cm-ew-
_-cm-Ipw.- A-Xn-\v- ]-cn-{i-an-°m-Xn-cn-°pI''-
(t]-Pv- 103,- 104).-
\-jvS-Pm-X-Iw- B-h-iy-s∏-´v- sN-t√-
≠Xv- F-ß-s\-sb-∂p-Iq-Sn- A-t±-lw- F-
gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""sh-‰ne,- A-S-°,- P-e-K-\v-[¿-Ø-
h- {ho-ln-X-Wv-U-q-e-ß-fp-w- C-W-t°m-Sn- h-
kv{- X-hpw-Iq-Sn- \-√- A-dn-hp-‰- tPym-Xn-imkv-
{X-Pv-R-s\- k-ao-]n-°-Ww.- tPym-Xn-im-kv-
{X-k-a-£w- C-h-sb-√mw- Im-gv-N-sh-®v- `-Iv-
Xym-Z-c-]p-c- -cw- X-s≥-d- B-{K-lw- A-cp-
fn-s®-ø-Ww''- (t]-Pv-:- 98).-
i-¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥- ]-d-™-Xp-t]m-se-
ap-‰Ø
- p-t]m-bn-\n-∂m¬- t]m-cm- F-∂¿-Yw.-
H-cp-Ø≥- C-W-t°m-Sn-bpw- sh-‰n-eb-p-sam-
∂p-an-√m-sX-bpw- A-]c - ≥- C-hs
- b-√mw-sIm-
≠pw-h-∂v- H-tc-k-a-bw- \-jv-S-Pm-X-Iw- tNm
Zn-®m¬........?- \n¬-°p-∂- kvY- m-\w- - t\m-°n-
bm¬- A-dn-bp-hm≥- ]-‰p-tam?- i-¶c - \- m-cmb-
W≥- _p-≤n-ap-´n- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-dtb-≠-Xn-√.-

ss{I-kv-X-h-X-bpw- ........- (t]-Pv- 25 ¬- \n-∂v)-

Sn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂pw- Nn-¥n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.- tI-h-ew- H-cp- k-¶¬]- C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw-:- ""a-tlm-∂-X-\m-b- ssZ-h-hpw- _-e-lo-\-
Øn-s≥-d- X-e-Øn¬-am-{Xw- H-Xp-ßp-∂,-- ta¬-]-d-™- "ssZ-h- \m-b- a-\p-jy-\pw- X-Ωn¬- h-en-sbm-cp- hn-S-hv- D-≠m-°p-hm≥-
hp-am-bn- k-a\ - n-c∏
- m-I¬' ssZ-hs - Ø- A-h≥- A¿-ln-°p-∂- al- am-{X-sa- {]-kv-Xp-X- {K-\v-Y-߃-°v- I-gn-™n-´p≈q''.-
Ø-zß - t- fm-sS- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-Ib - pw- km-[y-amb-hn-[Ø - n¬- ssZh F-∂m¬- ss{I-kv-X-h- B-i-b-ß-fm-h-s´- A-X-yp-∂-X-\mb-
sØ- a-\- n-em-°m≥- {i-an-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I- F-∂- a-\p-jy- ssZ-h-sØ- _-e-lo-\-\m-b- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- A-h-kv-Y-bn-te-°pw-
_m- [ y- X - b n¬- \ n- ∂ pw- A- h - s c- hy- X n- N - e n- ∏ n- ° p- I - b m- W v - _-e-lo-\-\m-b- a-\p-jy-s\- A-Xyp-∂-X-\m-b- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d-
sNøpI.-- A-hk - vY
- b
- n-te-°pw- ]-ck
- v]- c
- w- am-‰p-Ih
- g
- n- h-en-sbm-cp- A-]IS-
"C-kv-em-an-t≥-d-Xv- A-S-°-ap-≈- a-X-{K-\v-Y-߃- ssZ-h-sØ- am-Wv- a-\p-jy-cm-in-°v- h-cp-Øn-Øo¿-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- F-∂v-
]-cn-Nb- s- ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n¬- ]-cm-Pb - s
- ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-'- F-∂v- ]-dbp ImWmw.-
∂- ss{I-kv-X-h- {K-\v-Y(ao-km-\p¬- l-Jv)Øn-s≥-d- - t]-Pv- 211¬-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
Nn-d-Ip-I-I-ƒ-sIm-≠v-
N-Xn-°p-gn-
Xo¿-°p-∂-h¿-
A-Uz.- ap-Cu-\p-±o≥-
XnI - ®
- pw- A-im-k{v- Xo-bh - pw- A-_≤
- P- V
- n- -
e-hp-am-b- ]-cn-Wm-ah - m-Zs- Ø- im-kv{- X-Øn-
s≥-d- h-e-b-Øn-te-°v- h-en-®p-sIm-≠p-h-
cp-∂-Xn-\p-≈- Kq-V-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ- -]-cm-P-b-
Øn-s≥-d- ]-Sp-Ip-gn-bn-te-°v- B-]-X-n-®-Xn-
\v- - Im-ew- k-m-£n-bm-Wv-.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d-
A-kv-Xn-Xzw- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- H-
∂mw-X-cw- B-bp-[-sa-∂- \n-ebv-°v- Um¿-
hn-\n-k-sØ- k-Xy-h¬-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw-
im-kv-{Xo-b-h¬-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pap-≈- {i-a-
߃-- \n-tbm-U-m¿-hn-\n-kv-‰p-Iƒ- Xp-S-cp-I-
bm-Wv-;- ]-cm-P-b߃- - G-‰p-hm-ßn-bn-´pw.-- -
tem-I-sØ- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂- H-cp- i-Iv-Xn-bn-
√m-sb-∂,-- A-hc - p-sS- a-\ 
- v- a-{¥n-°p-∂- hm-
Z-sØ- A-c-°n-´p-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- X-{X-
-∏m-Sn¬- A-°q-´-cp-sS- A-I-°-Æp-Iƒ-°v-
A-\v-[-X-_m-[n-®n-cn-°p-I-bms-W-∂v- A-h-
cp-sS- ssk-≤m-¥n-I-˛ ]-cn-Wm-a- N-cn-{Xw-
]-Tn-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- a-\- n-em-Ipw.- ]n¬-
‰v- Uu¨- a-\p-jy≥- ap-X¬- H-´m-km-ßv-h-
sc-bp-≈- kw-`h- ß- ƒ- A-Xm-Wv- Nq-≠n-°m-
Wn-°p-∂-Xv.-
"\-jv-S-s∏-´- I-Æn'-sb-∂- ]-cn-W-m-a-hm-
Z-Øn-s≥-d- Du-cm-°p-Sp-°v- A-gn-°p-∂-Xn-\v-
th-≠n- ]-e-cpw- ]-e- A-S-hp-I-fpw- ]-b-‰n-
t\m-°n-sb-¶n-epw- F-√mw- ]n-∂o-Sv- X-I¿-
∂-Sn-™-Xm-bn-´m-Wv- tem-Iw- I-≠-Xv.- A-
h¿-°p-X-s∂- ]n-∂o-Sv,- B-[p-\n-I- im-kv-
{X-Øn-s≥-d- ]-cy-th-£-W-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-
®-Øn¬- ]-eX - pw- k-ΩX- n-t°-≠Xmbpw- h-
∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- C-ß-s\-sbm-
s°-bm-sW-¶n-ep-w- ]-cn-Wm-a-hm-Zw- k-a¿-
Y-n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n- ho-≠pw- ]p-Xn-b- ]p-
Xn-b- hn-Nn-{X-hm-Zß- ƒ- D-∂b- n-°p-Ib
- m-Wv-
47
C-°q-´¿-!-
1998 Pq¨- 24\v- tem-kv-B-©-e-kv-
ssSw-kn¬- ]p-Xn-b- H-cp- hm¿-Ø- {]-Xy-
£-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.- A-Xn-s≥-d- X-e-hm-
N-Iw- C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.- `Missing Link,
Connects Dinosaurs, Birds' ssN-\b - n-se-
en-tbm-Wnw-Kv- {]-hn-iy-bn¬-sh-®v- A-¥m-
cm-jv-{S- ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-K-th-j-W- kw-Lw,-
Nn-d-Ip-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂- c-≠v- Un-t\m-k-dp-
I-fpsS-- t^m-kn-ep-Iƒ- I-s≠-Øn-b-Xm-bn-
cp-∂p- tdm-_¿-´v- eo- tlm-Sv-kv- F-gp-Xn-b-
Cu- te-J-\-Øn-se- hn-j-bw.- Cu- hn-j-
bw- Science News ¬- dn-®m¿-Uv- sam-Wm¿-
kv - t ‰¿- k v - I n- ``Feathered Dinosaurs
found in China'' (1998, P. 404) F-∂- X-
e-s°-´n-epw,- Nature am-K-kn-\n¬- Pn- Izm-
ßv,- ^n-en-]v- sP.- Iyq-dn,- am¿-Iv- F.- t\m-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
d¬,- Pn.- ip-B≥- F-∂n-h¿- ``Two Feathered Dinosaurs from
North Eastern China'' (1998, P. 733, 761) F-∂- X-e-hm-N-I-
Øn-epw- F-gp-Xn-b-Xm-bn- Im-Wmw.-
B¬- s _¿- ´ - b n- e p- ≈ - Royal Tyrrel Museum of
Paleontology bp-sS- Np-a-X-e-bp-≈- ^--n-en-∏v- Iyq-dn- ]-d-bp-∂p-
:- ""U-n-t\m-k-dp-Iƒ-°v- \m-iw- kw-`-hn-®n-´n-√.- bYm¿-Y-Øn¬-
A-h- 10,-000tØm-fw- h-cp-∂- ]-£n-h¿-K-ß-fn-eq-sS- Po-hn-°p-
∂p''.- (Ji Qiang, Philip J. Currie, Mark A, Norrell, and Ji-
Shu-an, ``Two feather Dinosaurs from North Eastern China''
Nature, 393 (1998, P. 753, 761).
American Museum of Natural History bn-se- am¿-°v-
tdm-sd-√pw- k-am-\-am-b- A-`n-{]m-bw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p:-- ""Un-
t\m-kd - p-If
- n¬-\n-∂m-Wv- ]-£n-h¿-Kß
- ƒ- D-cp-Øn-cn-™v- D-≠m-
b-sX-∂v- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- i-cn-°pw- A-Xv-`p-X-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv''- (Ruth Larson, ``Tyrannosaurus Tweety,''
Insight, August 10, 1998, P. 41).
k-kq-£v-a-am-b- ]-cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ-°pw- ]-T-\-Øn-\pw- hn-
t[-b-am-t°-≠-p-∂- h-kv-Xp-I-fm-Wn-sXm-s°.- h-f-sc- {]-[m-\-
s∏-´- hn-j-bw- t^m-kn¬- I-s≠-Øep-I-fpw- A-h-bp-sS- hn-i-
Zo-I-c-W-ß-fpw- c-≠pw- c-≠m-Wv- F-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.- t^m-kn¬-
th-sd,- A-Xn¬-\n-∂pw- D-cp-Øn-cn-™p-≠m-bn-h-cp-∂- A-\p-am-
\-߃- (interences) th-sd.- H-∂m-a-tØ-Xv- Um-‰-bm-Wv-;- c-≠m-
a-tØ-Xv- Um-‰-sb- sh-®p-sIm-≠p-≈- hymJym-\-ß-fm-Wv.- A-
Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- A-f-hp-tIm-ep-Iƒ- Um‰-
bp-sS- bm-Ym¿-Yy-sØ- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\v-th-≠n- am-{Xw- D-]-
tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.- hym-Jym-\-߃- sX-‰p-tºmƒ- Um-‰-bp-sS-
bm-Ym¿-Yy-hpw- sX-‰p-∂p.- hym-Jym-\-ß-ƒ- - i-cn-bm-Ip-hm-\p-≈-
km-[y-X-Iƒ- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ- tem-Pn-°¬- \n-b-a-߃-
D-]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p.- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X-I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
Øn¬- ssN-\-bn¬- I-s≠-Øn-b- "Nn-d-Ip-≈- Un-t\m-k-dp-I-fp-
sS-'- h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ- ]-cn-tim-[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
1.- tIm-Uo-]v-sS-dn-Iv-kv F-∂pw- - t{]m-t´m- B¿-In-tbm-]v-sS-
dn-Iv-kv- F-∂pw- t]-cp-≈,-- ssN-\-bn¬- I-s≠-Øn-bn-´p-≈- c-≠v-
h¿-K-ß-fp-sS- Nn-d-Ipw- ]q¿-W- cq-]w-{]m-]n-®-Xpw- ]q¿-W- {]-
h¿-Ø\ - £
- a - X- b- p-≈X- p-am-Wv- F-∂X - v- im-kv{- X-Im-c∑
- m¿-°v- X-
s∂- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥-hø - m-Ø- co-Xn-bn¬- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-
e-`y-amb-Xm-Wv.- Cu- H-cp- Im-c-W-Øm¬-X-s∂- C-h- "an- nw-Kv-
en-¶v'- B-Wv- F-∂- ]-Zw- kp-µ-c-am-bn- s]m-fn-™p.- Im-c-Ww-
"an- nw-Kv- en-¶v'- H-cn-°e
- pw- ]q¿-Wh - f
- ¿-®s - b-Øn-bX - m-bn-cn-°cp-
X-t√m?- ]q¿-W-X-bn-te-°p-≈- ]p-tcm-K-Xn-°n-S-bn-ep-≈- H-cp- A-
]q¿-W-X-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww- A-Xv.- F-∂m¬- I-s≠-Ø-s∏-´- c-≠v-
h¿-K-Øn-s≥-d- Nn-d-Ipw- ]q¿-W- cq-]w- {]m-]n-®-Xpw- ]q¿-W- {]-
`q-an-bp-am-bn- H-cp- [q-a-tI-Xp- G-I-tZ-iw- 65 an-ey¨- h¿-j-߃-°v- ap-ºv-
Iq-´n-bn-Sn-®-Xn-s≥-d- ^-e-am-bn- A-h-km-\-sØ- Un-t\m-k¿- bp-K-am-b- {In-´m-
iy-kv- bp-Kh- pw- (the cretaceous era) A-hk
im-kv-{X- hn-Zym¿-Yn-°pw--A-dn-bp-∂- Im-cy-a-m-Wv.
h¿-Ø-\-£-a-X-bp-≈-Xp-am-Wv.-
C-Xn-\v-]p-d-sa- I-s≠-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂- c-
≠v- h¿-K-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- i-co-c-Øn-se- Nn-d-Ipw- 48
hm¬-Nn-d-Ipw- C-∂v- Im-Wp-∂- ]-d-°m≥- km-[n-°m-
Ø- ]-£n-If - p-sS- Nn-dI - m-Wv.- (Dr. Hugh
- p-Iƒ-°v- kam-\a
Ross, Phd, Darwinism's Fine Feathered Friends A Mat-
ter of Interpretation). Nn-d-Ip-I-fp-≈-Xpw- F-∂m¬- ]-d-°m≥-
km-[n-°m-Ø-Xp-am-b- ]-£n-h¿-K-߃- C-∂p-ap-≠v.- (DZm.- H-´-
I-∏-£n).- tIm-Uo-]v-sS-dn-Iv-kpw- t{]m-t´m- B¿-In-tbm-]v-sS-dnIv-
kpw- Cu- K-W-Øn-em-Wv- s]-Sp-∂-Xv.- C-h-bv-°v- Nn-d-Ip-s≠-¶n-
epw- ]-d-°m≥- I-gn-bp-I-bn-√- (Kevin Padian. Ibid, P.P. 729-
730) F-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- A-h-bp-sS- N-n-d-Ip-Iƒ- A-h-bp-
sS- i-co-c-sØ- s]m-Xn-bp-∂-Xn-\pw- C-W-I-sf- B-I¿-jn-°p-
∂-Xn-\v- {]-Z¿-in-∏n-°p-hm-\pw-am{Xw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-sh-∂v- K-th-
j-I¿- kn-≤m-¥n-®p (Richard Monasterstary, Ibid P. 404).
-2.- tIm-Uo-]v-sS-dn-Iv-kpw- t{]m-t´m- B¿-In-tb-m-]v-sS-dn-Iv-kpw-
120˛145 an-ey¨- h¿-j-߃-°v- ap-ºp--≈-Xm-Wv- F-∂m-Wv- dn-
t∏m¿-´v- sN-ø-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv.- -(Ann Gibbons, ``Dinosaur Fos-
sils, in Fine Feather, Show Link to Birds'' Science, 280
(1998) P. 2051 & Kevin padian ``When is a Bird not a Bird?''
Nature (1998), P. 729). F-∂m¬- \n-e-hn¬- G-‰-hpw- ]-g°-ap-
≈- ]-£n- 150 an-ey¨- h¿-jw- ]-g-°-ap-≈- B¿-In-tbm-]v-sS-dn-
Iv-kv- B-Wv- F-∂v- ap-I-fn¬- D-≤-cn-®- c-≠v- a-m-K-kn-\p-I-fn-epw-
Im-Wmw.- C-Xv- k-Xy-Øn¬- Ip-Xn-c-sb- ]n-∂nepw- Ip-Xn-c-h-≠n-
ap-∂n-epw- sI-´p-∂X - n-\v- k-aa
- m-Wv.- b-Ym¿-YØ
- n-ep-≈- t^m-kn¬-
kzo-Iz≥-kv- ]p-Xn-b- hm-Z-ß-fp-am-bn- ssh-cp-[-yw- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂p-
sh-∂¿-Y-w.-
3.- ""Un-t\m-k-dp-Iƒ-°v- h¿-K-\m-iw- h-∂n-´n-√''- F-∂-Xm-
Wv- a-s‰m-cp- hm-Zw.- C-Xv- k-Xy-Øn¬- h-f-sc- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- sX-
fn-bn-°-s∏-´- h-kv-Xp-X-I-tfm-Sv- bm-sXm-cp-hn-[-Øn-epw- \o-Xn- ]p-
e¿-Øm-Ø- hm-Zw- am-{X-am-Wv.- H-∂n-e-[n-Iw- X-h-W- Un-t\m-
k-dp-Iƒ- `q-ap-J-Øp-\n-∂v- Xq-sØ-dn-b-s∏-´p-sh-∂-Xn-\v- ]-g-b-
sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-°v- ]p-d-sa- ]p-Xn-b- ]-e- sX-fn-hp-I-fpw- e-`y-am-Wv-
Xm-\pw.- `q-an-bp-am-bn- H-cp- [q-a-tI-Xp- G-I-tZ-iw- 65 an-ey¨-
h¿-j-߃-°v- ap-ºv- Iq-´n-bn-Sn-®-Xn-s≥-d- ^-e-am-bn- A-h-km-\-
sØ- Un-t\m-k¿- bp-K-am-b- {In-´m-iy-kv- bp-K-hpw- (the creta-
ceous era) A-h-km-\n-®p-sh-∂-Xv- G-sXm-cp- im-kv-{X- hn-Zym¿-
Yn-°pw-- A-dn-bp-∂- Im-cy-a-m-Wv.- (Hugh Ross, ``Dinosaur's Dis-
appearance No Longer a Mystery,'' Fact & Faith Vol. 5 ``Life
in a Twinkling'', Fact & Faith Vol. II, n. 3 (1998) P. 8).
{Sn-bm- n-Iv-˛Pp--dm-kn-Iv- bp-K-Øn-epw- Pp-dm-kn-I-- v- ˛{In-´m-iy-
kv- bp-K-Øn-epw- k-a-m-\-am-b- ]-e- A-Xym-ln-X-ß-fpw- `q-an-°v-
- m-\n-®p-sh-∂X
- v- G-sXmcp-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-
t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- A-Sp-Ø-Im-e-sØ- ]-e-
I-s≠-Ø-ep-I-fpw- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂p.- {_n-´≥,- Im-\U,- A-ta-cn-
°- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-¬-\n-∂p-≈- `q-K¿-`-im-kv-{X-Pv-R¿- 1998 am¿-
®n¬,- [q-a-tI-Xp-°-fp-sS-tbm- hm¬-\-£-{X-ß-fp-s-S-tbm- B-
Lm-X-Øm¬- `q-an-bn-ep-≠-m-b- h≥-Ip-gn- I-s≠-Øn-b- hn-h-cw-
{]-kn-≤o-Ic - n-°p-Ib - p-≠m-bn.- 214 an-ey¨- h¿-jß - ƒ-°v- ap-ºm- -
Im≥- km-[y-X-bp-≠- v- F-∂v- A-h¿- ]-d-bp-∂- Cu- B-Lm-Xw-
{Sn-bm- n-Iv- Im-e-b-f-hn¬- kw-`-hn-®-Xm-Im-\p-≈- km-[y-X-I-
fp-s≠-∂v- `q-K¿-`-im-kv-{X-Im-c-∑m¿- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.- A-
h¿- I-s≠-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂- A-©v- h≥-Ip-gn-I-fp-sS- hym-kw- C-
{]-Im-c-am-Wv˛- 100,- 40,- 25,- 15,- 9 In-tem-ao-‰¿.- - C-h- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-
∂-Xv- {Sn-bm- n-Iv- Im-e-b-f-hn-ep-≈- Un-t\m-k-dp-I-sfm-s°- C-
h-Im-c-Ww- \-in-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠m-Ip-sa-∂m-Wv- -Nn-e- im-kv-{X-
Im-c-∑m¿- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂Xv- - (Jhon G. Spray, Simon P. Kelly
and David B. Rowley, ``Evidence for a Late Triassic Multi-
ple Impact Event on Earth Nature, 392 (1998), P.P 171-
173).
B-kv-t{S-en-b,- sX-s°-B-{^n-°- F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-ep-≈- `q-
K¿-`-˛`u-Xn-I- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m-cp-sS- c-≠v- kw-L-ß-fpw- C-tX-
co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- I-s≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ- sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.- I-
e-lm-cn- a-cp-`q-an-bn¬- I-s≠-Øn-b- Cu- h≥-Ip-gn°-- v- 120˛340
In-tem-ao-‰¿- h-y-m-kw- A-h¿- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.- (Richard
Monastersky, ``Craters and Extinctions: Time of Reckon-
ing'', Science News, 152 (1997) P. 71).
Pp-dm-kn-Iv-˛{In-´m-iy-kv- Im-e-b-f-hn-em-Wv- C-Xv- \-S-∂n-cn-
°m≥- km-[y-X-sb-∂pw- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- Pp-dm-kn-Iv- Un-
t\m-kd - p-Is
- fm-s°-Øs - ∂- \-in-®n-´p-≠m-Ip-sa-∂pw- A-h¿- Cu-
sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- h-gn- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p.-
Cu- ]-T-\-ß-sfm-s°-Ø-s∂- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv- B-
[p-\n-I- ]-£n-If - p-sS- ap≥-Xe- a
- p-d°- m-c√- - Un-t\m-kd- p-Is- f-∂m-
Wv.- Un-t\m-k-dp-Iƒ- ]-cn-W-a-n-®p-≠m-b-Xm-Wv- C-∂-sØ- ]-
£n-h¿-K-߃- F-∂-Xv- Xn-I-®pw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-am-Wv- F-
∂¿-Y-w.- {Sn-bm-kn-Iv,- Pq-dm-kn-Iv,- {In-´m-iy-kv- Im-e-b-f-hn-ep-≠m-
b- Hm-tcm- [q-a-tI-Xp-˛hm¬-\-£-{X- B-Lm-X-hpw- `q-an-bn¬- F-
en-I-sf-°mƒ- h-en-b- H-cp- Po-hn-bpw- A-h-ti-jn-°m≥- km-[y-
X-bn-√m-Ø-Xn-s\-°mfpw- iIv-X-am-Wv- F-∂-Xm-Wv- im-kv-{X-]-
T-\-߃- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- Un-t\m-k-
dp-Iƒ- \m-am-h-ti-j-am-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- ]n-s∂- F-ß-s\-
bm-Wv,- \m-am-h-ti-j-am-b- Un-t\m-k-dp-I-fn¬-Iq-Sn- ]-cn-Wm-a-
ap-≠m-hp-I-bpw- C-∂v- Im-Wp-∂- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈- ]-£n-h¿-K-߃-
D-≠m-hp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xv?- A-Xn-\v- km-[y-a-√-X-s∂!- im-kv-
{X-tem-I-Øm-I-am-\w- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂- Cu- h-kv-Xp-
C
- u- ]-T\
- ß
- s- fm-s°-Øs- ∂- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂X
sS- ap≥-Xe - a- p-d°
- m-c√
®p-≠m-b-Xm-Wv- C-∂-sØ- ]-£n-h¿-K-߃- F-∂-Xv- Xn-I-®pw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\c-
ln-X-am-Wv- F-∂¿-Y-w.-
X-I-sf-t∏-m-epw- am-‰n-a-dn-°m≥- {i-an-°-p-
I-bm-Wv- Ip-Xv-kn-X- Xm¬-]-cy-°m¿- F-∂p-
≈-Xm-Wv- k-Xyw.- 49
4.- Theropods t]m-ep-≈- Po-hn-Iƒ-°v- B-Lm-X-
ß-sf- X-c-Ww- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\p-≈- km-[y-X-Iƒ- h-f-sc-
Ip-d-hm-Wv.- C-h-bp-sS- h¿-K-\m-i-Øn-\p-≈- km-[y-X- h-f-sc-
Iq-Sp-X-em-sW-∂v- tUm.- lyq-Kv-tdm-kv- ]-d-bp-∂p.- h-f-sc- sN-dn-
b- B-Lm-Xw- t]m-epw- C-Ø-cw- h¿-K-ß-fp-sS- Po-h-s\- _m-[n-
°p-∂p.- I-gn-™- 30,-000˛40,-000 h¿-j-߃-°p-≈n¬- 20,-000 h¿-
K-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- t\¿-]-Ip-Xn-bm-bn- 10,-000te-°v- F-Øn-bn-cn-
°p-∂p- ]-£n-h¿-K-ß-fp-sS- F-Æ-sa-∂v- {]n≥-kn-∏¬-kv- Hm-^v-
I¨-k¿-th-j≥- F-∂- {K-\v-Yw- ]-d-bp-∂p.- (Gary K. Meffe,
C. Ronald Carroll, and contributors, Principles of Conser-
vation Biology Second Edition (Sunderland, Mass; Sinaner
Associates, 1997) P.P. 90-112, 131-139).
Np-cp-°-Øn¬- X-ß-fp-sS- hn-I-e-am-b- hm-Zw- sX-fn-bn-°-
s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v- tem-Is - Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-∂X - n-\p-th-≠n- im-
kv-{X-sØ- h-f-s®m-Sn-®,- h-f-s®m-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- hn`m-K-
Øn-s≥-d- ]p-Xn-b- hm-Z-߃- am-{X-am-Wn-sXm-s°.- im-kv-{X-Øn-
s≥-d- B-´n≥-tXm-e-Wn-™m¬- A-I-Øp-≈- sN-∂m-b-tØ-m¬-
Im-Wp-I-bn-√- F-∂- C-h-cp-sS- [m-c-W- 18˛19 \q-‰m-≠p-I-fn-epw-
20˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n-s≥-d- B-Zy-Im-eL - ´- ß
- f
- n-epw- hn-et- ∏m-bn-´p-≠m-
Imw.- ]-t£,- C-t∏mƒ- 20Dw- I-gn-™v- 21˛mw- \q-‰m-≠m-bn-cn-°p-
∂p.- A-Ø-cw- Ir-{Xn-a- th-e-I-sfm-∂pw- C-\n- \-S-°p-I-bn-√-X-
s∂.- A-k-Xy-hm-Z-߃- D-∂-bn-®p-sIm-≠v- P-\-ß-sf- h-gn-sX-
‰n-°p-hm≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h-sc-°p-dn-®v- A-h-km-\- th-Z-{K-\v-Yw- ]-
d-bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- ""bm-sXm-cdn-thm,- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-tam,- sh-fn-
®w- \¬-Ip-∂- {K-\v-Y-tam- C-√m-sX,- A-l-¶m-c-tØm-sS- Xn-cn-
™p-sIm-≠v- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- X¿-°n-°p-∂h - \- pw-
a-\p-jy-cp-sS- Iq-´-Øn-ep-≠v.- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- am¿-K-Øn¬-\n-
∂v- (P-\-ß-sf)- sX-‰n-®p-I-f-bm≥- th-≠n-b-s{X- (A-h≥- A-
ß-s\- sN-øp-∂-Xv).- C-l-tem-I-Øv- A-h-∂v- \n-µ-y-X-bm-Wp-
≈-Xv.- D-bn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬-]n-s≥-d- \m-fn¬- Np-s´-cn-°p-∂- in-
£- A-h-s\ \mw- B-kz-Zn-∏n-°p-I-bpw-sN-øpw.- (A-∂-h-t\m-Sv-
C-{]-Im-cw- ]-d-b-s∏-Spw-:)- \n-s≥-d- ssI-Iƒ- ap≥-Iq-´n- sN-bv-X-
Xv- \n-an-Ø-hpw,- A-√m-lp- (X-s≥-d)- Zm-k-∑m-tcm-Sv- H-´pw- A-\o-
Xn- sN-øp-∂-h-\-√- F-∂-Xn-\m-ep-a-s{X- A-Xv''- (hn.-Jp.- 22:-8˛10).-
a-s‰m-cp- h-N-\-Øn¬- A-√m-lp- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- ""k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-I-f-
√m-Ø-h¿- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-sf-∏-‰n- X¿-°n-°p-I-
bn-√.- A-Xn-\m¬- \m-Sp-I-fn¬- A-h-cp-sS- sskz-c-hn-lm-cw- \n-
s∂- h-©n-X-\m-°m-Xn-cn-°-s´''- (40:-4).-
- v- B-[p-\n-I- ]-£n-Ifp-
- - Un-t\m-kd- p-Is- f-∂m-Wv.- Un-t\m-kd- p-Iƒ- ]-cn-Wan-
2004 B-K-kv-‰v-

ssl-µ-h-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn-se- - ........- (t]-Pv- 14 ¬- \n-∂v)- ƒ- I-cp-Xp-∂- I¬-°n- A-h-X-cn-®p-I-gn

™p-sh-∂m-Wt- √m- C-Xv- hy-IvX - a- m-°p-∂Xv.-
am-X-m-hn-s≥-d- t]-cv- B-an-\-sb-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- B-an-\-sb-∂- Ad- k-Xy-Øn¬,- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw- [¿-a-sØ- 50
_n-]-Z-Øn-\v- hn-iz-k-vX-X- F-∂¿-Y-w.- kw-kvY - m-]n-°p-Ib - pw- A-[¿-as - Ø- D-®m-S\ - w- sNøp-
A-©v)- I¬-°n- ]-c-ip-cm-a-\n¬- \n-∂v- a-e-bn¬-sh-®v- hn-Zy- I-bpw- sN-bv-X,- Ncn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- sX-fn-®-Øn¬- Po-hn®-
kzo-Ic - n-°p-sa-∂v- ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.- ap-lΩ - Z- \v- _- n-(H)- ssZ-hnI- H-tc-sbm-cp- a-\p-jy≥- ap-lΩ - Z- v- \-_n-bm-Wv.- A-\[ v- h
- n-izmk-
k-tµ-iß - ƒ- B-Zy-am-bn- kzo-Ic - n-®X
- v- Pn_vc - o¬- F-∂- a-e°n¬- A-\m-Nm-cß - f - m-Ip-∂- Ccp-fn-s≥-d- \o-c\ - v{- [-am-b- Np-cp-fn¬-\n∂v-
\n-∂v- H-cp- a-e-bn¬-sh-®m-bn-cp-∂p.- hn-iz-sØ- tam-Nn-∏n-®v- ssZ-hn-I- a-X-Øn-s≥-d- {]-Im-i-am-\-amb-
B-dv)- I¬-°n- At±-lØ - n-s≥-d- \mev- Iq-´m-fn-It- fm-Sp-IqsS- tem-IØ - n-te-°v- a-\p-jy-sc- \-bn-®- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-NI - \mWv-
\n-∂p-sIm-≠v- A-[¿-as - Ø- \-in-∏n-°p-sa-∂v- ]-d™ - n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-t±-lw.- C-\n-sbm-cp- [¿-ak - w-kvY - m-]I - s - ≥-d- B-hi - y-an√mØ-
ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-X-s≥-d- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- \mev- Iq-´p-Im-tcmSv-˛ hn-[w- F-¥m-Wv- [¿-as - a-∂pw- F¥m-Wv- A-[¿-as - a-∂pw- hyIvX-
A_q-_-°¿,- D-a¿,- D-kv-am≥,- A-en- (J)-˛Iq-sS-bm-Wv- AkXy- am-bn- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- Xm≥- ]-Tn-∏n-®- B-i-b-߃-
Øn-s\-Xn-sc- k-a-cw- sN-bv-X-Xv.- {]m-tbm-Kn-Ia - m-°n- A-hX - c
- n-∏n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-bvX - - ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _n-
G-gv)- I¬-°n-bp-sS- B-Im-im-tcm-l-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ]-d-™n- (H)-°√ - m-sX- a-‰m-¿° - m-Wv- A-hk - m-\s - Ø- A-hX - m-cs - a-∂v- hnfn-
cn-°p-∂p.- ap-lΩ - Z- \v- _- n-(H)-bpw- B-Im-im-tcm-lW - w- (an-Ad v- mPv)- °-s∏-Sp-hm≥- A¿-l-X-bp-≈-Xv?-
\-S-Øn.- th-Zß - f- pw- ]p-cm-Wß - f - pw- {]-hN - n-®- a-lm-Nm-cy-s\-bpw- Ah-
F-´v)- I¬-°n-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- P-\-\-Øn\v- km-\s - Ø- A-hX - m-cs- Ø-bpw- kw-_\ - v[ - n-®- Im-cy-߃- ap-lΩ-
ap-ºpw- am-Xm-hv- P\n-®v- Ip-d-®p-Im-ew- I-gn-™pw- a-c-W-s∏-Sp- Zv-\-_n-(H)-bp-sS- B-K-a-\-tØm-sS- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p-sh-∂v-
sa∂v- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\_n-(H)-bp-sS- ]n-Xmhv- \mw- a-\- n-em-°n.- tem-I-Øv- ap-gp-h≥- h-∂- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS-
A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- P-\\ - Ø- n-\v- ap-ºpw- am-Xm-hv- P-\n-®v- G-Xm\pw- ]n≥-ap-d° - m-c\ - m-Wv- Xm-s\-∂- ap-lΩ - Z- \ v- _n-(H)-bpsS- A-hI - mi-
h¿-j-߃-°v- ti-j-hpw- C-l-tem-I-hm-kw- sh-Sn-™p.- hm-Zw- F-¥p-am{Xw- A¿-Y-h-Øm-Wv-!- [¿-a- kwkv-Ym-]-\m¿-Y-w-
h-∂- A-h-km-\-sØ- {]-hm-N-I-s\- A-\pI cn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv-
Cu- sX-fn-hp-If - p-sS- A-Sn-kvY - m\Øn ¬- I¬-°n,- A-td_y-
`m-c-Xo-b- {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- tam-£-Øn-\p-th
bn¬- P-\n-®- ap-lΩZv-\-_n-(H)-bm-sW-∂v- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp∂-
≠n- {i-an-t°-≠-sX-∂m-W-t√m- th-Z-ß-fn sebpw- ]p-cm-W-ß-
]WvU - n-X∑ - m-cp-≠v.- [¿-aØ - n-s≥-d- kw-kY v- m-]\ - Ø- n-\pw- A[¿a-
fn-se-bpw- ]cm-a¿-i-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- a-\- -n-em-t°-≠-Xv.-
Øn-s≥-d- kw-lm-cØ - n-\pw-th-≠n- {]-Xy-£s - ∏-Sp-sa-∂v- lnµp°-

ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n- - ........- (t]-Pv- 22 ¬- \n-∂v)-

f-bp-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-sb-°-p-dn-®v- {]-h-Nn-®-sX- bpw- sN-bv-X- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-sb- D-t±-in- \-bn-®- tbip-h-sc-bp-≈- F-√m-{]-hm-N-I-
∂m-Wv- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- I-gn- ®p-sIm-≠v- X-s∂-bm-h-Ww,-- bm-t°m-_v- Zq- ∑m-cpw- b-lq-Z¿-Xs- ∂.- ap-lΩ
- Z- v\
- _
- n-bn-eq-
bp-∂-Xv.- X≥- F-∂m-Wv- ]-d-™-sX-¶n¬- A-sX-∂v- sS-bm-Wv- Cu- A-h-kv-Y-°v- am-‰w-h-∂-Xv.-
B-cm-Wv- "jn-tem-lv'?- hn-Nm-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-h-km-\- \m-fp-h-sc-bp-≈-h¿-°v- am-Xr-
A-h-km-\-\m-fp-h-sc-bp-≈- ap-gp-h≥- a- I-bm-b- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-Im-in-
Cu- aq-∂v- A¿-Y-ß-fn-te-Xp- ]-cn-K-Wn-
h-∂-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- b-lq-Z-cn¬-\n-∂v- sN-t¶m-
®m-epw- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-sb-°-p-dn-®m-Wv- \p-jy¿-°p-am-bn- A-b-°-s∏-´- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-
bm-t°m-_v- {]-h-Nn-®-sX-∂v- \n- w-i-bw- _n-(H)- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- b-Ym¿-Y- - epw- cm-P-Z-Wv-Upw- \o-°w- sN-ø-s∏-´p-sh-
∂v- km-cw.-
]-db- m≥- km-[n-°pw.- ap-lΩ - Z- v\
- _- n-(H)- {]- A-h-Im-in-sb-∂v- h-n-fn-°-s∏-Sm≥- Xo¿-®-
hm-N-I-Xz-e-_v-[n-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- X-s≥-d- bm-bpw- A¿-l\ - m-Wt- √m.- `u-Xn-Ia - mb- A-
k-aq-l-Øn¬- hn-iz-kv-X-\m-bn- A-dn-b-s∏- [n-Im-c-i-Iv-Xn- I-c-K-X-am-°n-b- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
´-bm-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- I-Tn-\- (H)- cm-jv-{So-b- cw-K-sØ- \n-kv-Xp-e-\m-b-
hn-tcm-[n-If - m-bn- am-dn-b- A-td-_y≥- _-lp- am-Xr-I-bm-bn- am-dn-b-Xv- kp-hn-Zn-X-am-W-
ssZ-hm-cm-[I - ¿- t]m-epw- hy-IvX - n-sb-∂- \n- t√m.- C-ß-s\- "jn-tem-lv'- F-∂- {]-tbm-
e-bv-°p-≈- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- hn-iz-kv-X-X- K-Øn-\v- I¬-]n-°m-hp-∂- G-Xv- A¿-Y-w- h-cn-kw-Jy-
sb- tNm-Zyw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂n-√.- I¬-]n-®m-epw- bm-t°m-_n-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\w-
ap-lΩ- Z- v\ - n-(H)-bn¬- ]q¿-Øo-Ic
- _ - n-°s- ∏- am-kw C
- ¥
- y-bn¬- hn-tZ-iØ
- v-
k-am-[m-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n- \n-e-sIm-≈p-
´-Xm-bn- Im-Wm-\m-hpw.-
I-bpw- `q-an-bn¬- im-¥n-bpw- k-am-[m-\-hpw- 12 120 cq-]- 420 cq-]-
D-≠m-°p-∂X - n-\p-th-≠n- Xym-Kß - ƒ- k-ln- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn¬- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-hpw- A-[n-
6 60 cq-]- 210 cq-]-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-b-√m- Im-c-hpw- b-lq-Z-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v- \o-
sX- a-‰m-cm-Wv- "k-am-[m-\-Imw-£n'-sb-∂v- °w- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-tbm- \n-߃-
hn-fn-°-s∏-Sm≥- i-cn-°pw- A-¿-l-\mb-n- N- sS-bm-W-t√m.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(H)-°v- ap-º- h-cn-°m-c-\m-hp-I!-
cn-{X-Øn-ep-≈-Xv?- ssZ-hn-I- h-N-\-߃- P- sØ- t]-sc-Sp-Øv- ]-d-b-s∏-´- {]-hm-N-I-∑m- kp-lr-Øn-s\-
\-߃-°v- F-Øn®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- A- cn¬- A-[n-Ih - pw- b-lq-Zk
- a - p-Zm-bØ
- n¬-s]- h-cn-°m-c\m-°pI!!
X-\p-k-cn-®v- Po-hn-®v- am-Xr-I-Im-Wn-°p-I- ´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- C-{km-Cu-¬- X-d-hm-Sn-s\-