2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 3

]p-kv-X-I-w- aq-∂v- / e-°w- H-º-Xv- / 2004 P-\p-h-cn- /1424 Zp¬-J-Av-Zv-

4 hm-b\ - °
- m-cp-sS- kw-hm-Zw-
9 6 Xn-cp-sam-gn-
7 ]-{Xm-[n- ]
- ¿-°v- ]-db
- m-\p-≈X
- v-
C-kv-em-w- + s^-an-\n-kw- 23 ss__nƒ ]pkvXIßfpsS
Imt\m\oIcWw
C-kv-em-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-kw- ˛ Fw.-Fw.- A-Iv-_¿-
28 C-Xn-lm-k-߃- H-cp- ]-T-\w-
tUm.- kp¬-^n-°¿- A-en- ˛ kv-t\-l-Pm≥-
33 kmt¶XnIhnZysb
sh√p∂ P∑hmk\Iƒ
˛A_v-Zp¬- ap-kz-∆n¿-
37 XuloZpw hntamN\hpw
˛ A-_v-Zp¬- Jm-en-Jv-

13 Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-
1. a-X-kzm-X-{¥y-hpw- a-X-]-cn-Xym-Kn-bp-sS- h-[-hpw-
2. Pn-∂p-I-sf- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-tam?-
3. a-\p-jy-kr-jv-Sn- a-Æn¬-\n-t∂m- sh-≈-Øn¬-\n-t∂m?-
4. \-√-]n-≈-N-a-bm≥- I-≈-k-Xyw-
5. Cu- Im-cy-߃- Jp¿-B-\n¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-´p-t≠m?-

16
C-kv-emw- hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-s≥-d-
kw-Lv-]-cn-hm¿- ssi-en-
˛ D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-

Internet Edition: http://www.nicheoftruth.org/samvadam

Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen O Site offset printers for Pioneer offset printers, Cochin-15. Published at
Cochin-18. Editor M.Mohammed Akbar, Niche of Truth, Kalabhavan Road, Cochin-18.
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS-
kw-hm-Zw-
aq-ey-߃- ]m-en-°m≥-
k-aq-l-sØ- k-Pv-P-am-°p-I-
{]n-b- ]-{Xm-[n]-- kp-lrtØ,-
k-Z-bw- A-b-®- "kv-t\-l-kw-hm-
Zw'- hm-bn-®p.- \-µn-;- k-t¥m-jw.- ap
ºpw- C-Ss - °-√mw- "kvt- \-lk - w-hm-Zw'-
Zr-jv-Sn-bn¬- s]-´n-´p-≠v-;- hm-bn-®n-´p-
ap-≠v.-
"kw-hm-Zw'- F-∂m¬- Kp-W-]-c-am-
b,-- B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b- hm-Kv-an-Xzw-
F∂m-W-t√m- A¿-Yw.- C-°m-e-Øv,-
hn-e-Ip-d-™- hn-hm-Z-ß-fm¬- A-¥-
co-£w- ap-J-cn-X-am-Wv.- C-Ø-c-sam-cp-
km-l-N-cy-Øn¬,- kw-hm-Z-hpw- A-Xn-
\v- kv-t\-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-e-hp-
ap-≠m-Ip-∂- A-h-kv-Y- ip-t`mZ¿-°-
am-Wv.
]-e-t∏m-gpw- F-s≥-d- a-\- n-s\-
aYn-°m-dp-≈- H-cp- Im-cy-ap-≠v.- kw-
hm-Zß - f- pw- {]-`m-jW- ß- f - pw- {]-tLm-
j-ß-fpw- h-f-sc-tb-sd- h¿-[n-®n-´pw-
t{im-Xm-°-fn¬- Kp-W-]-c-am-b- am-‰w-
K-Wy-am-b- tXm-Xn¬- D-≠m-Im-Øs - X-
¥m-Wv?- {]-`m-j-W-߃- tI-h-ew-
s{]m-^-j-W-en-k-am-Ip-∂-Xp-sIm-
≠m- t Wm?- Nn- ¥ n- t °- ≠ - X m- W v . -
ct≠m- aq-t∂m- a-Wn-°q-dp-Iƒ- "{]`m-
jn-°m≥'-th-≠n- A-øm-bn-ch - pw- ]-Xn-
\m-bn-c-hp-sam-s°- cq-]- I-W-°p-]-d-
™v- hm-ßp-∂- "{]-kw-K-\-t`m-a-Wv-
U-e-Øn-se- sh-´n-Øn-f-ßp-∂- sh
≈n-\-£-{X-sØ'- X-s∂- B-\-bn-°-
W-sa-∂v- C-t∏mƒ- kw-Lm-S-I-¿-°pw-
\n¿-_-\v-[-am-Wv.- {]-kv-Xp-X- hm-Kv-an-
bp-sS- A-\yq-\- ssi-en-bpw- B-e-¶m-
cn-I- `m-j-W-hpsam-s°- tIƒ-°m≥-
C-ºap-≈X - m- s
- W-¶n-epw,- A-h- AWn-
I-fn¬- A-h-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂- Nn-¥m-
[m-c-Iƒ- Xp-Nv-O-am-sW-∂-X-t√- bm
Ym¿-Yyw?-
aq-∂p-\m-ev- Z-i-I-߃-°v- ap-ºp-h-
sc- Cu- \m-´n¬- {]-`m-j-W- ]-c-º-c-
Iƒ- A-c-tß-dn-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-∂v- D®-
`m-jn-Wn-tbm- C-∂-sØ-t∏-m-se- Im-
k-‰p-It- fm- km¿-h{- Xn-Ia - m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
\m-Sv- Xn-I-®pw- H-cp- Ip-{Km-a-am-bn-cp-
∂p.- P-\-ß-fn¬- `q-cn-`m-K-hpw- Z-cn-{Z-
cpw- \n-c-£-c-cpw.- k-º-∂¿- hn-c-en-
se-Æm-hp-∂h - ¿- am-{Xw.- I-jvS- ∏ - m-Spw-
Zm-cn-{Zy-hpw- Po-hn-Xw- I-i-°n-sb-dn-
™- A- ° m- e - Ø v - A- b ¬- ° m¿-
At\ym-\yw- \-√- lr-Z-b-_-\v-[-Øn-
em-bn-cp-∂p.-
C-∂v- at\m-l-c-am-b- "a≥-kn'-ep-
I-fpw- "\n-hm-kp'-I-fpw- A-h-bv-°p-
≈n¬- ta-\n-bg - I
- p-≈- a-\p-jy-cpw- [m-
cm-fw.- ]-t£,- a-\  - p-sIm-≠v- A-I¬-
®- h¿-[n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- a-\- n¬-
Zr--V-am-bn- Im-Øp-kq-£n-®- a-X-hn-
izm-kw,- C-t∏mƒ- sX-cp-ho-Yn-I-fn¬-
I-cm-f\ - r-Øa - m-Sp- ∂- p.- A-\p-jT v- m-\ß- -
fpw- BtLm-j-ß-f-pw- kw-hm-Z-ß-fp-
sa-√mw- D-]-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv- k-aq-l-
Øn¬- [m¿-an-I-\n-jv-T-bpw- k-Zm-Nm-
c- t_m-[-hpw- k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpw- h-
f¿-Øm-\m-Wv,- \-√- A-b¬-°m-cm-bn-
Po-hn-°m-\m-Wv.-
hn-Zym-`ym-kw- a-\p-jy-s\- hn-th-
In- b m- ° - W w.- Zu¿- ` m- K y- h - i m¬,-
C∂v- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- a-\p-jy-s\- k¶p-
N-nX- - Nn-Ø\ - m-°p-Ib - m-Wv.- ^-et- am?-
h¿-Ko-b-X- hym-]n-°p-∂p,- a-Xm-\v-[-
X- X-g® - p-hf- c - p-∂p.- C-∂s - Ø-t∏-ms - e-
hn-Zym-`y-m-k-hpw- hn-Pv-Rm-t\m-]m-[n-
I-fpw- hn-I-kn-®n-´n-√m-Xn-cp-∂- Im-e-
L-´-Øn¬- H-cp- I-hn- ]m-Sn-:- "\m-b¿-
hn-i-∂p- h-e-™p- h-cp-tºmƒ,- Imb-
°- ™ n- ° - c n- b n- ´ n- √ - ; - B- b - X p- I
≠p.....''- Cu- I-hn-X-]mT-]p-kv-X-I-
Øn¬- Dƒ-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.- Rm-\pw- F-
s≥-d- X-e-ap-d-bn¬-s]-´-h-cpw- Cu- I-
hn-X- ]m-Sn-∏-Tn-®p;- ]-co-£-sb-gp-Xn.-
\m-b∑ - m-cS- °- a - p-≈- A-[ym-]I - ¿- Cu-
I-hn-X- R-ß-sf- ]-Tn-∏n-®p.- H-scm-‰-
A-[ym-]-I-\pw- Cu- I-hn-X-s°-Xn-cm-
bn- I-en-Xp-≈n-bn-√.- ""F-{ºm-\¬-]w-
I-´p-`p-Pn-®m¬- A-º-e-hm-kn-I-sfm-
4
s°- I-°pw'- F-s∂m-s°- ]m-Sp-Ib - pw-
]-Tn-°p-I-bpw- ]-c-ky-am-bn- ]m-Sn- \S-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´pw,- A-∂m-cpw-
AXn-s\-Xn-sc- A-cn-iw-sIm-≠n-√.-
{]Xyp-X,- B- h-cn-I-fn-se- lm-ky-c-
kw- B-kz-Zn-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.-
C-Xp-t]m-se- lm-ky-cq-]-Øn-se-
¶n-epw- H-cp-h-cn- F-gp-Xm-t\m- ]-d-bm-
t\m- C-∂v- C-∂m-´n¬- G-sX-¶n-epw-
a-X-hn-`m-K-ß-tfm- D-]-hn-`m-K-ß-tfm-
k-Ω-Xn-°p-tam?- C-√.- a-X-sa-∂m¬,-
A-a¿-jw- sIm-≈m-\pw- B-t{Im-in-
°m-\pw- A-]c - s
- ≥-d- s\-©n¬- I-Øn-
bn-d-°m-\p-ap-≈- D-]m-[n-b-s√-∂v- km-
[m-cW - - hnizm-kn-Is - f- ]-Tn-∏n-°W
- w.-
`q-cn-]-£w- h-cp-∂- _-lp-P-\-߃-
kXyw-,- kv-t\-l-w,- Z-b,- A-lnw-k,-
B¿-{Z-X,- £-a- Xp-S-ß-n-b- aq-ey-߃-
Po-hn-X- {h-X-am-°p-tºm-gm-Wv- G-Xv-
a-X-hpw- D-Zm-Ø-am-Ip-∂-Xv.- _-lp-P-
\-ß-sf- A-Xn-\v- k-Pv-P-am-°m≥,- "kv-
t\-l-kw-hm-Zw'- t]m-se- {]-Nm-c-ta-
dn-b- B-\p-Im-en-I-߃- ]-cn-{i-an-°p-
sa-∂v- {]-Xo-£n-°-s´-;- A-Xn-\m-bn-
A-`y¿-Yn-°-s´.-
kv-t\-lm-Z-c-ß-tfmsS-,-
Sn.-B¿.- Xn-cp-h-gmw-Ip-∂v,-
I-t®-cn-∏-d-ºv-
****
hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\- Xn-∑-tbm-?-
hn-{K-lm-cm-[\ - s
- b- Xn-∑b - m-bn- Nn-
{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-h¿- k-Xy-Øn¬- A-Xn-
s≥d- Xn-∑-sb-¥m-sW-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-
°m≥- Zp¿-_-e-am-b- Nn-e- hm-Z-ß-fm-
Wv- \n-c-Øn-sh-°p-∂-Xv.-
hn-{K-lß - s- f- B-cm-[n-°p-tºmƒ-
A-h-bp-sS- Nn-{X-ß-fm-Wv- a-\- n¬-
Ip-Sn-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv- F-∂-Xm-Wv-
H-cm-tcm-]W - w.- C-kve- m-an-s≥-d- X-s∂-
B-cm- [- \
- b
- p-sS- k-{º-Zm-bs - a-¥m-Wv?-
-\q-‰m-≠p-I-fm-bn- B-h¿-Øn-®v- D-]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂- hm-°p-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv-
A-Xn¬- B-cm-[-\- \-S-°p-∂-Xv.- a-\p-
jy- _p-≤n-sIm-≠v- G-sXm-cp- k¶
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
¬]- I-Ym-]m-{X-Øn-\pw- \¬-Im-
hp∂- Kp-W-hn-ti-j-ß-fpw- {k-jv-Sm-
hn-\v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-∂p.- B- Im-e-L-
´w-ap-X¬- C-Xp-h-sc- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-
cp-∂- A-£-c-߃- am-{X-am-tWm-
A√m-lp-hn-s\- B-cm-[n-°p-tºmƒ-
Hcp- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- a-\- n¬- tXm-
∂p-∂-Xv?- A-√m-lp- F-∂v- tIƒ-°p-
tºm-gpw- B- A-£-c-߃- Im-Wp-
tºm-gpw- H-c-p- ap-k¬-am-s≥-d- a-\ n
¬- tXm-∂p-∂- `m-hw-X-s∂-bm-Wv- hn
{K-lw- Im-Wp-tºm-gpw- kv-a-cn-°p-
tºm-gpw- hn-{K-lm-cm-[I - s
- ≥-d- a-\  - n-
epw- D-≠m-Ip-∂X - v.- N-hn-´p-]S- n-bm-°p-
∂- in-e-bpw- hn-{K-l-Øn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂- in-e-bpw- H-∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv.-
]-t£,- N-hn-´p-∂- in-e-tbm-Sv- tXm-
∂p-∂- `m-h-a-√,- hn-{K-lw- Im-Wp-
tºmƒ- `-Iv-X-s≥-d- a-\- n-ep-≠m-hp-
∂-Xv.- c-≠pw- in-e-bm-sW-¶n-epw- hn
{K-lw- b-Ym¿Y-- Cu-iz-c-k-Ø- A-
h-s≥-d- a\ n¬- D-f-hm-°p-∂p.-
Jp¿B≥- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-Ib - pw- A¿-
Y-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- k-aq-l-ß-
fp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep-≈- H-cp- hn-{K-lm-cm-
[-\-b-√- `m-c-Xo-b-cp-tS-Xv.- {]-]-©-
Øn-s≥-d- Hm-tcm- A-Wp-hn-epw- Cu-
iz-c-k-Ø- am-{Xm-Wp-≈-sX-∂v- D-Xv-
tLm-jn-®- k-\-m-X-\- Z¿-i-\-am-Wv-
`m-c-Xo-b-t≥-d-Xv.- A-£-c-ß-fpw- h¿-
W-ß-fpw- K-\v-[-ß-fpw- F-√mw- A-
Xn-s≥-d- Kp-W-ap-f-hm-°p-∂- k-Ø-
Cu-iz-cs - sN-X\ - yw- am-{X-am-Wv.- hn{K-
l-Øn-\v- {]-]-©-Øn¬- \-n-d-™p-
\n¬-°p-∂- Cu-iz-c-s≥-d- k-Ø- D-f-
hm-°m≥- I-gn-bp-tam- F-∂tNm-Zy-
Øn-\v- - I-gn-bpw- F-∂-Xm-Wp-Ø-cw.-
£o-c-km-K-c-Øn¬- A-\-¥-s\-
∂- \m-K-Øn-s≥-d- ]p-d-Øv- i-bn-°p-
∂- \m-`n-bn¬- ]-Xv-aap-≈- \-m-cm-b-W-
s≥-d- a-t\m-lc - c- q-]w- hn-iI - e
- \ - w- sN-
bv-Xm¬- C-Xv- k-Xy-am-sW-∂p-h-cpw.-
£o-c-km-K-cw- F-∂-Xv- km-£-m¬-
"an¬-°o-th'-X-s∂-bm-Wv.- A-Xn¬-
Np-cp-fp-I-fm-bn- Im-W-s∏-Sp∂- Km-
eIv-k-n-Iƒ-X-s∂-bm-Wv- A-\-¥-s\-
∂- k¿-]-w-.- Cu- "an¬-°o-th'-bpw- Km-
e-Iv-k-n-I-fpw- ap-gp-h≥- \n-d-™p-\n¬-
°p-∂-Xpw- A-S-°n- `-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b-
i-IvX- n-ssN-X\ - y-am-Wv- \o-eh - ¿-W\ - m-
b- hn-jW v- p- A-s√-¶n¬- \-mc - m-bW - ≥.-
\m-`-n-bn-se- ]-Xv-aw- kr-jv-Sn-sb- Im-
Wn-°p-∂p.- {_-lv-am-hv- C-Xn-em-Wv- h-
kn-°p-∂-Xv.- \m-ev- th-Z-߃- {_-lv-
am-hn-s≥-d- \m-ev- ap-J-߃-,- {_-lv-am-
hn-s\- h-ln-°p-∂- \m-`-n-]-Xv-aw- \-Ωp-
sS- Cu- ku-c-bq-Y-Øn-s≥-d- kv-Ym-
\w- Im-Wn-°p-∂p.- Im-c-Ww- Po-h-kr-
jv-Sn- `q-an-bpƒ-s∏-Sp-∂- Cu- ku-c-bq-
Y-Øn-em-W-t√m.- H-cp- a-\p-jy-in-ip-
hn-\v- s]m-°nƒ-sIm-Sn- am-Xm-hn¬-\n-
∂v- k-Ø-v kzo-I-cn-°m-\m-sW-¶n¬-
hn-jv-Wp-\-m-`-n- ssN-X-\y-k-Ø- v- {]-]-
©-Øn-\v- ]-I¿-∂p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-Wv-
F-∂- H-cp- hy-Xym-kw- am-{Xw.- B-tem-
Nn-®p-t\m-°q-,- `m-cX - o-bs- ≥-d- hn-{K-lw-
F-{]-Im-c-am-Wv- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- k-
Ø-sb- ]q¿-W-am-bn- am-Xr-I-bm-°p-
∂-Xv- F-∂-Xv.- Cu- X-Ø-zw- A-dn-™v-
B-cm-[n-°p-∂-h-\v- s]-s´-∂p-X-s∂-
B-[ym-Xv-an-I-am-b- D-b¿-∂- A-h-kv-
Y-bn-se-Ømw.- A-dn-bm-sX- B-cm-[n-
°p-∂-h-\pw- A-Xn-s≥-d- ^-ew- ]q¿-
W-am-bn- Im-ew-sIm-≠v- e-`n-°pw.- Im-
c-Ww- hn-{K-l-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- ssN-X-
\yw- {]-h-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.- (F-∂m¬-
km-[m-cW - - in-eb
- n¬- ssN-X\ - y-an-t√-
F-∂m-sW-¶n¬,- D-≠v!- I-S-en-se- sh-
≈-hpw,- In-W-dn-se- sh-≈-hpw- X-Ωn-
ep-≈- hy-Xym-k-ap-≠v- A-h- X-Ωn¬).-
\m-km-bn-se- im-kv-{XPv-R≥- B-‰-
Øn-s≥-d- kq-£v-a-Z¿-in-\n- D-]-tbm-Kn-
®p-≈- t^-m-t´m- F-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ- AXn-
s≥-d- h¿-Ww- \o-e-bm-sW-∂v- Is≠-
Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- Xq-Wn-epw- Xp-cp-ºn-
ep-ap-≈- \m-cm-b-Ws≥-d- \n-d-hpw- \o-
e-bm-Wv.- C-Xv- sh-dpw- bm-Zr-—-n-I-am-
tWm?- _p-≤n-bp-≈-h¿- Nn-¥n-°-s´.-
a-s‰m-cp-hm-Zw- C-jvS- t- Z-hX - m-cm-[\ - -
Nn-e-t∏mƒ- tæ-O-am-bn- t]m-In-t√- F-
∂m-W.-v- C-√- F-∂-Xm-Wv- k-Xyw.- Im-
c-Ww- C-jvS- t- Z-hX - m-cm-[\ - b
- pw- B-Nm-
5
c-hn-[n-I-fpw- th-Z-ß-f-pw- ]p-cm-W-ß-
fpw- im-kv-{X-ß-fpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-
°n-bm-Wv- A-√m-Ø-Xn-s\m-∂pw- km-
[y-X-bpw- C-√.- Im-c-Ww- B-Xv-ao-tbm-
∂-Xn-°p-≈- am¿-K-ß-fm-Wv- th-Z-im-
kv-{Xm-Zn-I-fn¬- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
A-√m-Ø-h- B-kp-c-am-Wv-.- A-Xv- Aw-
Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xp-a-√.- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-
Ø-Xv- A-h- A-[ym-Xv-an-Im-[-x-]-X-\w-
D-≠m-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.- A-_v-Zp¬- Jm-
e-n-Jv- A-tLm-c˛-Xm-{¥n-I- k-{º-Zm-
b-ßf - n¬- D-s≠-∂v- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-
∂- I¿-a-ß-sfm-∂pw- th-Z-Øn-te- im-
kv-{X-Øn-tem- ]p-cm-W-ß-fn-tem- Im-
Wm≥- I-gn-bn-√.- th-Z-im-kv-{X- ]p-cm-
W- _m-ly-ß-sfm-∂pw- k-\m-X-\-
[¿-a-Øn¬-s]-´-X-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂- A-Ø-cw- Zp-jv-sN-bv-Xn-I-sf-
s]m-°n-sb-Sp-Øv- ]p-kX v- I
- Ø
- m-fn-s\-
a-en-\-am-°m-sa-∂-√m-sX- C-jv-S-tZ-h-
Xm- kn-≤m-¥-Øn-\v- H-cp- t]m-d-epw-
G¬-]n-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√.-
Np-cp-°-Øn¬- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-
epw- _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bn-epap-≈-
X-Ø-zw- Jp¿-B-\n¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-
X-c-Øn¬- {k-jv-Sm-hn-\v- ]-¶p-tN¿-°-
e-√-;- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- X-s∂- k-Ø-
bp-sS- hn-hn-[- X-e-߃- am-Xr-I-bm-
°p-I-bm-Wv.-- A-Xn-eq-sS- {k-jv-Sm-hn-
s\-Ø-s∂- B-cm[n-°p-I-bp-am-Wv.-
"G-Iw-k-Xv- hn-{]m-_-lp-th-Z-¥n'--
"k¿-∆-tZ-h-\-a-kv-Im-cw- tI-i-hw- {]-
Xn-K-Nv-O-Xn'- F-∂pw- a-‰p-ap-≈- kq-
Iv-X-߃- Cu- _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-
bp-sS- G-Is - sZ-h- hn-izm-kØ - n-ep-≈-
e-ba-m-Wv.- C-Xn¬-h-cp-∂- sX-‰n-≤m-
c-W-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-_v-Zp¬-Jm-en-J-n-
s\-t∏-m-ep-≈- ip-≤m-Xv-am-°ƒ-°v-
Jp¿-B≥- D-b¿-Øn-Im-´n- `m-cX - o-b- C-
jv-S-tZ-h-Xm- k-{º-Zm-b-tØm-Spw- hn-
{K-lm-cm-[-\-tb-m-Spw- I-e-ln-t°-≠n-
h-cp-∂-Xpw- A-gp-°p-Iƒ- hm-cn-tØ-
®v- ]p-kX v- I
- Ø - m-fpI-sf- a-en-\a - m-t°-
≠nh-cp-∂-Xpw.-
]n.-hn.- i-¶-c\m-cm-b-W≥-
I-S-º-gn-∏p-dw-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
Xn-cp-sam-gn-
I-Sw- hm-ßp-tºmƒ......-
A-_qlp-d-bv-d-(t)-\n-th-Z-\w-:- \-_n-(e)-]-d-™p-:- ""I-gn-hp-≈-
h≥- I-Sw- ho-´p-hm≥- X-a-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- A-{I-a-am-Wv''-.-
sN-dp-tXm- h-ep-tXm- B-b- I-S-_m-[y-
X-bn-√m-Ø- B-fp-Iƒ- h-f-sc- hn-c-f-am-
W-t√m.- \n-Xy-hr-Øn-°pw- Nn-In-Xv-k-
°pw- `-h-\-\n¿-am-W-Øn-\pw- I-®-h-S-
Øn-\pw- Ir-jn-°pw- hm-l-\-߃- hm-
ßm-\p-sam-s°-bm-bn- hy-IvX - n-If - n¬-\n-
∂pw- _m-¶p-If - n¬-\n-∂pw- I-Ss - a-Sp-°m-
Ø-hs - c- I-s≠-Øm≥- {]-bm-kw.- ISw-
hm-ßn-b-Xv- sIm-Sp-Øp-ho-´p-hm≥- h-gn-
bn-√m-sX- am-\-kn-I˛-im-co-cn-I- ]o-U-
\w- k-ln-°p-∂h - c
- pw- P-]Xv- n-\S- ]
- S- n-°n-
c-bm-Ip-∂h-cpw- A-t\-Ia - p-≠v.- ISs°-
Wn-bn¬- Ip-Sp-ßn- Ip-Spw-_-tØm-sS-
bpw- X-\n-®p-w- B-Xv-a-l-Xy-bn¬- A-`-
bw- {]m-]n-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- FÆw- Zn-\w-
{]-Xn- h¿-[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.-
F-¥n-t\-sd- ]-d-bp-∂p;- \-Ωp-sS-
kw-kv-Ym-\w-- h-en-b- I-S-s°-Wn-bn-em-
sW-∂v- ap-Jy-a-{¥n-bpw- [-\-Im-cy-a-{¥n-
bpw- hn-e-]n-°p-∂p-!- an-°- cm-Py-ß-fpw-
tem-I-_m-¶n¬-\n-∂pw- k-º-∂-cm-Py-
ß- f n¬- \ n- ∂ pw- I- S w- hm- ß n- b m- W v -
apt∂m-´p- t]m-Ip-∂-Xv-!-
I-Sw- hm-tß-≠n-h-cp-∂- \n¿-_-\v-
[n-X- km-l-N-cy-Øn¬- hm-ßm-Xn-cn-
°m≥- \n¿-hm-la - n-√t- √m.- F-∂m¬- Zp¿-
hn-\n-tbm-K-Øn-\p-th-≠n- I-Sw- hm-ßp-
∂-h-cpw- [m-cm-f-ap-≠v.- Xn-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-
°-W-sa-∂v- A-h¿-°v- D-t±-iy-ap-≠m-bn-
˛ A_q-- ap-^o-Zv-
cn-°p-I-bn-√-;- D-s≠-¶n¬-X-s∂- [q¿-
Ø-Sn-°p-∂-h¿-°v- F-{X- In-´nbm-epw-
a-Xn-bm-hp-I-bn-s√-∂-Xn-\m-¬- Xn-cn-®p-
sIm-Sp-°m≥- km-[n-°p-Ib - p-an-√.- {]hm-
N-I≥- (e-)- ]-d-™p-:- ""Zp¿-hn-\n-tbmK-
Øn-\v- G-sXm-cp-h≥- I-Sw- hm-ßp-∂p
thm- A-h-s\- A-√m-lp- \m-i-Øn-te
°v- B-\-bn-°pw''- (_p-Jm-cn).-
I-Sw- hm-ßp-∂-Xv- A-{X-\-√- H-tc¿-
]-m-S-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- {]-hm-N-
I≥- A-Xn-s\- \n-cp¬-km-l-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn-´p-≠v.- ""A-√m-lp-th,- ]m-]-Øn¬-\n-
∂pw- I-S-_m-[y-X-bn¬-\n-∂pw- Rm≥-
\n-∂n¬- A-`-bw- tX-Sp-∂p''- F-∂v-
\_n-(e)- {]m¿-Yn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-
H-cmƒ- A-t±-l-tØ-Sv- ]-d-™p-:- ""A-
√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- Zq-Xt- c,- A-hn-Sp-∂v- [mcm-
f-am-bn- I-S-_m-[y-X-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-`-bw-
tX-Sp-∂p-≠-t√m''-.- \-_n- (e) ]-d™ - p:-
"H-cmƒ- I-S-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ- A-
h≥- I-f-hv- ]-d-bp-I-bpw- hmKv-Zm-\w- ew-
Ln-°p-I-bpw- sN-øpw'- (_p-Jm-cn).-
C-∂Z- n-hk- w- Xn-cn-®p-Xc
- m-sa-∂v- ]d-
bp-I-bpw- A-∂v- sIm-Sp-°m≥- km-[n-
°m-sX-h-cn-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm¬- A-Xv-
hmKv-Z-m-\- ew-L-\-am-Wv.- X-s≥-d- \n- -
lm-bm-h-kv-Y- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥-
Ah-\v- I-f-hp-Iƒ- ]-d-tb-≠n-h-cn-I-
bpw- sN-øpw.-
6
_p-Jm-cn-
a-c-W-s∏-´- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- I-S-_m-
[y-X-bp-≠m-hp-I-bpw- a-‰m-sc-¶n-epw- A-
Xv- sIm-Sp-Øp-ho-´p-hm≥- k-∂-≤-am-hm-
Xn-cn-°p-Ib- pw- sN-bvX
- m¬- {]-hm-NI - ≥-
(e)- B- a-øn-Øn-\p-th-≠n- \-a-kv-I-cn-
°m≥- hn-ap-J-X- Im-Wn-®n-cp-∂p- F-∂-
Xn¬-\n-∂v- I-S-_m-[n-X-\m-bn- a-cn-°p-
∂-Xv- F-{X-tØm-fw- Ip-‰-I-c-am-sW-∂v-
a-\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p.-
I-Sw- hm-ß-n-b-h-\v- km-h-Im-iw-
\¬-Ip-hm-\pw- C-f-h-v sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-
°p-hm-\pw- ]-cn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\pw- (2:
280) {]-hm-N-I(e-)\-pw- \n¿-tZ-in-®n-´p-
≠v.- ]-e¿-°pw- I-Sw- hm-ßp-tºm-gp-≈-
D-Xv-km-lw- Xn-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂- hn-j-
b-Øn¬- D-≠m-bn-cn-°n-√.- Xn-cn-®p-sIm-
Sp-°m≥- ]-Ww- I-øn-ep-s≠-¶n-epw-
sIm-Sp-°m≥- a-Sn-Im-Wn-°pw.- I-Sw- \¬-
In-b-h-s≥-d- I-Æn¬-s]-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥-
{i-an-°pw.- C-Xv- I-Sw- \¬-In-b-h-t\mSv-
Im-Wn-°p-∂- A-{I-a-am-sW-∂m-W-v
XpS-°-Øn¬- D-≤-cn-®- \-_n-h-N-\w-
a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂-Xv.-
I-Sw- sIm-Sp-°p-Ib- pw- hm-ßp-Ib
- pw-
sN-øp-tºmƒ- ]m-en-t°-≠p-∂- \n-b-a-
߃- ]-cn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- hn-h-cn-°p-
∂p-≠v.- c-≠mw- A-[ym-b-am-b- A¬-_-
J-d-bn-se- 282,- 283 h-N-\-ß-fn-em-Wv-
A-Xv- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 7

]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-....-

C-kv-em-an-I{]-am-W-ß-fp-sS- ]p-\¿-hm-b-\-

am-\-h-tam-N-\-Øn-s≥-d- k-ºq¿-W-Z¿-i-\-am-Wv- C-kv-e-mw.- Po-hn-X-kw-kv-I-c-W-Øn-eq-

sS-bp-≈- hn-tam-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv- C-kv-emw- kw-km-cn-°p-∂-Xv-.- am-\-kn-I- kw-kv-I-c-
W-Øn¬- \n-∂m-Wv- A-X-n-s‚- Xp-S-°w.- hy-‡n-sb-bpw- Ip-Spw-_-sØ-bpw- k-aq-l-sØ-bp-
sa-√mw- k-a{K-am-bn- kw-kv-I-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬- a-\p-jy-a-\- p-I-fm-Wv- \-∂m-th-≠-sX-∂m-
Wv C-kv-em-an-s‚- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv.- am-\-h-tam-N-\-Øn-s‚- F-√m-am-\-ß-fn-te-°pw- C-kv-emw-
sh-fn- ®
- w- ho-in-bn-´p-≠.- v- kv{- Xo-bp-sS-bpw- ]p-cp-js‚-bpw- ]-Wn-°m-cs
- ‚-bpw- ]-W°
- m-cs
- ‚bpw-
sXm-gn-em-fn-bp-sS-bpw- ap-X-em-fn-bp-sS-bp-sa-√mw- ]q¿-W-am-b- A¿-Y-Øn-ep-≈- kw-kv-I-c-
W-hp-w- hn-ta-m-N-\-hpw- F-ß-s\- km-[n-°m-sa-∂v- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-am-W-߃- hy-Iv-X-am-bn-
h-c-®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂p-≠v.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-,- k-aq-l-Øn-s‚- G-tX-Xp- Xp-d-I-fn¬- {]-h-¿-
Øn-°p-∂- ap-kv-e-n-am-bn-cp-∂m-epw- H-cmƒ- A-bm-fp-sS- tam-N-\-Øn-s‚- am¿-K-tc-J- tX-Sn-
as‰-hn-tS-°pw- t]m-tI-≠-Xn-√.- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-a-m-W-߃-X-s∂- Ir-Xy-hpw- hy-‡-hp-am-b-
tam-N-\-]m-X- h-c-®pIm-Wn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p- km-cw.-
Jp¿-B-\pw- kp-∂-Øp-am-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s‚- A-Sn-ÿm-\-{]-am-W-߃.- ]p-Xn-b- {]-iv-\-
߃- D-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ- ]-fin-X-∑m-cp-sS- k-a-hm-b-hpw- (C-Pv-am-Av)- A-Sn-ÿm-\-{]-am-W
ß-sf- {]-iv-\-ß-fp-am-bn- X-m-c-X-ayw- sN-bv-Xv- hn-[n- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xpw- (Jn-bm-kv)- {]m-amWn-
I-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Im-cy-߃- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- Cu- {]-am-W-ß-fn-eq-sS- I-S-∂p-
t]m-Ip-∂ph¿-°v,- A-h¿- Po-hn-X-Øn-s‚- G-tX-Xv- Xp-d-I-fn¬- hy-h-l-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-
¶nepw- A-h-cp-sS- kw-kv-I-c-W-Øn-\pw- hn-tam-N-\-Øn-\p-am-h-iy-am-b- am¿-K-\n¿-tZ-i-߃-
C-h-bn¬- I-s≠-Øm≥- I-gn-bpw,- Xo-¿-®.-
C-kv-em-an-I- {]-am-W-ß-sf- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- hm-bn-t°-≠-Xv?-- {]-am-W-ß-sf- a-\- n-em-
°p-∂-h¿- G-Xp- `q-an-I-bn¬- \n-∂p-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-h-sb- t\m-°n-Im-tW-≠-Xv?- H-m-tcm-cp-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 8

Ø-cpw- A-h-cp-sS- C-Nv-Obv-°pw- Xm¬-]-cy-Øn-\p-a-\p-k-cn-®v- a-\- n-em-t°-≠-h-bm-tWm-

Cu- {]-a-m-W-߃?- X-ß-fp-sS- bp-‡n-bpw- _p-≤n-bpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-®v- {]-am-W-ß-sf- hymJym-
\n-°p-hm-\pw- A-hb - n¬-\n-∂v- a-Xh
- n-[n-Iƒ- I-s≠-Øp-hm-\pw- {]-kvX - p-X- hn-[n-Iƒ- {]Imcw-
Po-hn-°p-hm-\pw- H-tcm-cp-Ø¿-°pw- A-h-Im-i-ap-t≠m? A-ß-s\-bp-≠-¶n¬- H-sc-m-‰- C-kv-
em-an-\v- ]-I-cw- \n-c-h-[n- C-kv-em-ap-Iƒ- D-≠-m-hp-I-bm-bn-cn-°pw- ^-e-sa-∂- Im-cy-Øn¬-
kw-i-b-an-√.- A-t∏mƒ- ]n-s∂- {]-am-W-߃- F-ß-s\- hm-bn-°-W-sa-∂- tNm-Zy-Øn-\v-
F-ß-s\- D-Ø-cw- Im-Wpw-?-
D-Ø-cw-- hy-‡-am-Wv.- Cu- {]-am-W߃- B¿-°p- ap-∂n-em-tWm- k-a¿-]-n-°-s∏-´-Xv-
Ah-cp-sS- `q-an-I-bn¬- \n-∂p-sIm-≠v- C-h-sb- hm-bn-°p-hm-\m-Wv- k-Xy-am¿-K-Øn¬- \n-e-
\n¬-°-W-sa-∂-m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿- ]-cn-{i-an-t°-≠-Xv.- {]-hm-N-I-s‚- (e)- k-®-cn-X-cm-b-
kzlm-_n-am-cp-sS- ap-º-n-em-Wv- Cu- {]-am-W-߃- k-a¿-]-n-°-s∏-´-Xv.- {]-hm-N-I-\n¬-\n∂v-
a-Xw- ]-Tn-®-h-cm-W-h¿.- A-h-cn¬-\n-∂v- A-Sp-Ø- X-e-ap-d-bpw- A-Xn-∂-Sp-Ø- X-e-ap-d-bpw-
Im-cy-߃- {K-ln-®p-.- Cu- X-e-ap-d-Iƒ -am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-am-sW-∂v- {]-hm-N-I≥- (e)- ]Tn∏n-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-am-W-ß-sf- A-h- D-t±-in-®- A¿-
Y-Øn¬- a-\- n-em-°-W-sa-∂p-≈-h¿- B-Zn-a- X-e-ap-d-I-fn-se- B-fp-Iƒ- A-h-sb- a-\- n-
em-°n-b- co-Xn-bn¬-X-s∂- a-\- n-em-°m≥- {i-≤n-t°≠-Xm-Wv.- A-√m-Ø-]£w- am¿-K{`w-
i-am-bn-cn-°pw- ^-ew.-
{]-hm-N-I-\n¬-\n-∂v- a-Xw- ]-Tn-®-h-cn¬- ]p-cp-j-∑m-cpw- kv-{Xo-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- Ah-
sc-√m-h-cpw- H-tc-cq-]-Øn¬- X-s∂-bm-Wv- a-X-sØ- a-\- -n-em-°n-b-Xv.- l-Zo-kv- \n-th-Z-I-
cn¬- ap-∂n¬- \n¬-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv- A-_q-lp-d-bv-d(y)-bpw- B-bn-i(y)-bpw.- C-h¿- X-Ωn¬-
enw-K-hy-Xym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw- B-i-b-߃- a-\- n-em-°p-I-bpw- ]-I¿-∂p-sIm-Sp-
°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- H-∂p- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-hn-sS-sb-m-∂pw- kv-{Xo-]-
£-ta-m- ]p-cp-j-]-£-ta-m- Im-Wm≥- \-a-p-°m¿-°pw- I-gn-bn-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p--X-s∂- {]-am-
W-ß-sf- ]p-cp-j-]-£- hm-b-\-t°m- kv-{Xo-]-£- hm-b-\-t°m- hn-t[-b-am-°-W-sa-∂- hmZw-
ip-≤- t`-m-jv-°m-Wv.-
C-kv-em-an-I-{]-am-W-߃- h-c-®pIm-Wn-°p-∂- hn-tam-N-\-sØ- `m-c-am-bn- a-\- n-em-°p-
∂-h¿- X-s∂-bm-Wv- {]-kv-Xp-X- {]-am-W-ß-sf- {]-tXy-I- ]-£- hm-b-\-Iƒ-°v- hn-t[-b-am-
°-W-sa-∂p-- hm-Zn-°p-∂-sX-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- F-¥p-am-{Xw- Pp-Kp-]v-km-h-l-a-√-!- {]-am-W-ß-
sf- k-Xy-k-‘-am-bn- a-\- n-em-°-W-sa-∂p-w-- A-h-bpƒ-s°m≈p-∂- kw-kv-I-c-W-Øn-\pw-
hntam-N-\-Øn-\pw- hn-t[-b-am-h-W-sa-∂pw- B-{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿- B-Zn-a-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ- A-h-
sb- Dƒ-s°m-≠-Xp-t]m-se- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-hm-\m-Wv- k-∂-≤-cmtI-≠-Xv.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 9

C-kv-em-w- + s^-an-\n-kw-

C-kv-em-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-kw-
- -
- v-am≥
Dk

tUm.- kp¬-^n-°¿- A-en-

G-Xm-≠v- H-t∂-Im- ¬- \q-‰m-≠p- ap-ºv {^m≥-kn¬-
cq-]w-sIm-≠ ]-£]m-X-]-c-am-b- kv-{XoXz-hm-Z-a-m-
Wv- s^-an-\n-kw- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- {^-©v- hnπ-
h-tØm-S\ - p-_\
- v[
- n-®v- ap-gß
- n-t°-´,- - k-aX
- zw- ˛ kzm-
X{¥yw- F-∂- ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-Øn-s≥-d- kzm-`m-hn-I-
am-b- A-\p-c-W-\-am-bn-cp-∂p- s^-an-\n-kw.- am-Uw-
lp-t_¿-Sn≥- Hm-t¢- (Hubertine Auclert) X-s≥-d- ]-
{X-am-b- LA CITOYENNE em-Wv- s^-an-\n-k-sa∂-
]p-Xn-b- ]Zw- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw- \n¿-h-Nn-°p-I-
bpw- sN-bv-X-Xv.-
kv-{Xo-bp-sS- A-h-Im-i-kw-c-£-Ww,- ]p-cp-jm-
[n-]-Xy-Øn¬-\n-∂pap≈- tam-N-\w- F-∂o- ap-{Zm-
hm-Iy-ßf - n- ¬- Xp-Sß
- n-b- {]-kY
v- m-\w- ]-eX
- c
- w- sa‰-
tam¿-t^m-kn-kp-Iƒ-°pw- hn-t[-b-am-bn.- B-Zy-Im-
e-L-´-Øn¬- a-\p-jy-K-\v-[n-bm-bn- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´-
{]-kv-Ym-\w,- h-f-sc-s]-s´-∂v- {]-Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-am-bn-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 10

am-dn-sb--∂-Xm-W- v- k-Xyw.- Xp-\n-b-a-{]-Im-cw- kv-{Xo-°v- H-cp- ]u-c-s≥-d- A-h-Im-iß-sfm-

a-X-\n-tj-[-hpw- [m¿-an-I-˛k-Zm-N-m-c- aq-ey-ß-fp-sS- \n-cm-k-
hp-am-bn-cp-∂p- F-°m-e-L-´-ß-fn-se-bpw- s^-an-\n-k-Øn-s≥-d-
]m-tY-bw.- [m¿-an-I-X-bp-sS-bpw- kZm-Nm-c-aq-ey-ß-fp-sS-bpw- N-
´-°q-Sv- s]m-fn-®v- ]p-d-Øp-I-S-∂m¬- am-{X-sa,- b-Ym¿-Y-- kv-{Xo-
hn-tam-N-\w- km-[y-am-hp-I-bp-≈q-sh-∂v- s^-an-\n-kv-‰p-Iƒ- D-d-
®v- hn-iz-kn-®n-cp-∂p.- a-Xw- F-∂- "kv-Ym-]-\'-sØbpw- th-Z-{K-
\v-Yw- F-∂- "A-dp-]n-¥n-cn-∏≥- am-\n-s^-kv-t‰m-sb'--bpw- X-I¿-
sØ-dn-™m¬- am-{X-sa- k-a-Xz-˛kp-µ-c- kv-{Xo- km-{am-Pyw- I-
cp-∏-n-Sn-∏n-°m-\m-hq-- - F-∂-h-¿- hn-iz-kn-®p.- \n¿-a-X- {]-kv-Ym-\-
ß-fpw- am¿-Iv-kn-kv-‰v- Z¿-i-\-ß-fpw- H-c-f-hv- h-sc- s^-an-\nkv‰v-
B-i-b-ß-sf- {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-bn- ^o-Uv- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-
t≠-bn-cp-∂p.-
s^-an-\n-k-Øn-s≥-d- {]-`-h-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- a-Xw- F-∂m¬-
"ss{I-kv-X-hX-'-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- 18˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n-se- Cw-•o-jv- s]m-
∂pw- h-I-sh-®p- \¬-In-bn-cp-∂n-√.- B-Zm-an-s\- h-gn-]n-g-∏n-®-Xv-
l-∆-sb-∂- kv-{Xo-bm-sW-∂pw- kv-{Xo- ss]-im-Nn-I-X-bp-sS- ]-
cymb-am-sW-∂-pw- K-Wn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw- A-Sn-
®-a¿-Ø-s∏-´- kv-{Xo-Xzw- hym-h-km-bn-I- hn-π-h-tØm-sS- sXm-
gn¬- cw-K-Øv- kv-Yn-c-{]-Xn-j-vT- t\-Sp-I-bpw- X-ß-sf- A-Sn-®-a¿-
Øn-bn-cp-∂- "a-X'-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- {]-Xy-£-bp-≤w- B-cw-`n-°p-I-
bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
F¨-]-Xp-I-fp-sS- A-h-km-\w- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy≥- ao-Un-b- C-
kv-em-an-s\- Xm-d-Sn-®v- Im-Wn-°m-\m-bn- cw-K-{]-th-i-\w- sN-øp-
I-bpw- ap-kve
- nw- kv{- Xo-sb- I-cp-hm-°n-s°m-≠v- {]-Nm-cW
- X
- {- ¥w-
B-hn-jv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy≥- tem-_n-bp-sS-
IpX-{¥-ß-fn¬- h-iw-h-Z-cm-b- Nn-e- A-`y-kv-X-hn-Zy-cm-b- ap-kv-
enw- F-gp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ,- s^-an-\n-k-Øn-\v- C-kv-em-an-I- am-\w-
\¬-In-s°m-≠v- cw-K-{]-th-i-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- s^-an-\n-kw- ˛C-kv-
emw- Xm-c-X-ay- ]-T-\w;- Nm¿-´v- {i-≤n-°pI:-

kv-ss{X-W-k-¶¬-]w- s^-an-\n-k-Øn-epw- C-kv-eman-ep-w-

-s^-an-\n-kw- C-kv-emw-

1.- hy-Iv-Xn-Xzw- hy-Iv-Xn-tI-{µo-Ir-X- hy-Iv-Xn-Xzw.-- k-aq-l-tI-{µo-Ir-X- hy-Iv-Xn-Xzw-.-

2.- Ip-Spw-_w- A-\m-h-iyw-,- Nq-j-W-kv-Ym-]-\w.-- ]m-c-kv-]-cyw,- kv-t\-l-tI-{µw,-

A-Xym-h-iyw.-

3.- ho-Sv- tI-h-e- _m-[y-X,- `u-Xn-I- kw-c-£-Ww- am-{Xw-.- k-am-[m-\-a-S-b-p-an-Sw (a-kv-I≥-)---

.-4.- hn-hm-lw- ssewKn-I-X-°m-bp-≈- \n-b-a-km-[p-X-.-Iq-sS- ]m¿-°¬- \n-b-am-\pkr-X- hn-hm-lw,-- a-l-Øm-b-

Iq-Sp-X¬- \-√-Xv-.- D-S-º-Sn,- kv-t\-lw,- Im-cp-Wyw-

5.- ssew-Kn-I-X- _m-[y-X-bn-√m-Ø- ssew-Kn-I-X-.- A-\p-h-Z-\o-b- ssew-Kn-I-X,-- \n¿-Wn-X-am-b-

]-cn-[n-Iƒ-

6.- ssew-Kn-I- kz-m¿-Y-]-cw,- Nq-j-W-]-cw-.- Xp-ey-am-b- ssew-Kn-I- \o-Xn-,- C-W-bp-sS-

\o-Xn- kw-Xr-]v-Xn-°v- k-a-bw- \¬-I-Ww-.-

7.- hn-hm-l F-t∏m-gp-am-Imw,- Xm¬-]-cy-an-s√-¶n¬- F-fp-∏-Øn¬ hy-Iv-X-am-b- Im-c-W-߃.- \n¿-W-nX-

-tam-N-\w- hn-hm-l-tam-N-am-Imw-.- L-´-߃,- a-S-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥- A-h-k-cw-.-
A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´-Xn¬- G-‰-hpw-
sh-dp-°-s∏-´-Xv.--

8.- Ip-´n-Iƒ- A-\m-h-iyw,- H-gn-bm-_m-[-Iƒ- (Childless family) ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- h-c-Zm-\w-.- Im-cp-Wy-

Øns≥d- \n-d-Ip-S-߃-.-

9.- k-¥m-\- ]m-gv-Nn-e-hv,- A-\m-h-iyw-.- \n¿-_-\v-[w-,- ]p-Wy-I-¿-aw.--

kw-c-£-Ww-

10.- Ip-´n-I-fp-sS- A-{]k-Iv-Xw-.- ]q¿-W-am-bpw- ]m-en-°Ww,-

A-h-Im-i-߃- ew-Ln-®m¬- in-£-.-

11.- kv-{Xo-°v- \n¿-_-\v-[w-.- th-W-sa-¶n¬- am-{Xw-.-

tPm-en-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 11

12.- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- A-`n-e-j-Wo-bw- \n¿-_-\v-[w-.-

13.- [-\-k-ºm-Z-\w- \n¿-_-\v-[w,- Ip-Spw-_-s®-e-hn-s≥-d- ]-Ip-Xn- h-ln-°-Ww-.- \n¿-_-\v-[-an-√.- Ip-Spw-_-s®-e-hv-

`¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d km-[y-X-.-

14.- k-ºm-Zyw- Ip-Spw-_-Øn-\v- ]-Ip-Xn-.- I-p-Spw-_-Øn-\v- \¬-I-W-sa-∂n-√-

15.- ]-Z-hn- kv-{Xo- hn-tam-N-I.-- Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s≥-d- A-[n-]-

16.- ]-c-]p-c-p-j- B-Imw,- `¿-Øm-hv- A-dn-bm-X-n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-`n-Im-ayw.-- \n-jn-≤w,- \o-N-hr-Øn,-

_-\v-[w- B-c-dn-™n-s√-¶n-epw- ssZ-hw- Im-Wp-∂p.-

17.- hy-`n-Nm-cw- sXm-gn-em-b-n- kzo-I-cn-°mw-.- \o-N-hr-Øn,- tæ-O-w-.-

18.- h-kv-{X-[m-c-Ww- {]-Z¿-i-t\-bw-,- ]o-U-\- km-[y-X.-- Im-a-°-Æp-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- kw-c-£-Ww-.-

19.- kv-{Xo H-‰-°v- s]m-cp-Xp-∂p.-- k-apZm-bw- H-∂-S-¶w- kv-{Xo-°m-bn-

-{]-iv-\-ß-fn¬- b-Xv-\n-°p-∂p-.-

20.- a-\x-im-kv-{X-]-cw- kw-L¿-jw,- I-e-lw,- kw-L-´-\w-.- k-am-[m-\w,- k-t¥m-jw,- tam-£w.-

C-kv-em-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-k-Øn-s≥-d- B-cw-`w- H-m-tcm- k-aq-l-
Øn-se-bpw- ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- ]-X-n-Xm-h-kv-Y- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-
®p-sIm-≠m-Wv.- kv{- Xo-]o-U\ - w,- kv{- Xo-[\
- - a-cW
- ˛- Nq-jW - ß- ƒ,-
ssew-Kn-I-˛ km-aq-ln-I- {]-iv-\-߃,- s]¨-Ip-™n-t\m-Sp-≈-
hn-th-N-\w,- s]¨-{`q-W-l-Xy,- _-lp-`m-cy-Xzw,- hn-hm-l-tam-N-
\w,- _m-en-Im-hn-hm-lw........- F-∂n-h- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.- ]-e-
t∏m-gpw- hn-Zq-c-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-se- kv-Yn-Xn-hn-h-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ- h-
gn- {]-iv-\w- km-am\y-h¬-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv- ]-Xn-hv.- A-h-km-\w-
F-√m-‰n-\pw-Im-c-Ww- a-X-am-sW-∂v- {]-Jym-]n-°p-I-bpw- ]pcp-
jm-[n-]-Xyw-aq-ew- Jp¿B≥- hym-Jym-\w-t]m-epw- enw-K-\o-Xn-
e-`-y-am-°p-∂n-s√-∂v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-
c-k-I-c-am-b- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-X,- ta¬- D-≤-cn-®- kv-{Xo-{]-iv-\-
߃- ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- am-{Xw- {]-iv-\-a-s√-∂-Xm-Wv.- D-Zm-:-
D-Ø-tc-¥y-bn-se- H-cp- {K-m-a-Øn-se- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- km-aq-ly -
kvY - n-Xn-hn-hc
- °
- W - °
- v- t\m-°p-I.- - A-hn-sS ]-Xn- X - m-hk
- vY
- - apkv-
enw- kv-{Xo-°v- am-{X-a-√- D-≈-Xv.- - Z-en-X¿-,- A-[x-kv-Yn-X¿-,- kh¿-
W-cn-se- Io-gm-f¿- F-∂n-h-cp-sS-sb-√mw- - {]-iv-\-am-WX-v.- A-Xn-
s≥-d- Im-c-Ww- km-aq-ly-am-Wv,- km-º-Øn-I-am-Wv,- a-\x-im-kv-
{X-]-c-am-Wv,- enwK-]cw- t]m-ep-am-Wv.- -- A-h-bn-sem-∂p-t]m-epw-
a-X-]-c-a-s√-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- C-\n,- hm-Z-Øn-\p-th-≠n- a-X-
]-c-sa-∂v- k-Ω-Xn-®m¬,- A-tX- k-aq-l-Øn-se- ap-kv-enw- ]p-cp-
j-∑m-cp-sS- \n-e- h-f-sc- D-b¿-∂-Xm-tI-≠-X-t√-?- kv-{Xo-bp-sS-
]-X-n-Xm-h-kv-Y-- ]-e-t∏m-gpw- ao-Un-bm- {^-≠v-en- B-Ip-∂-Xn-
\m¬- am-{X-am-Wv- {i-≤n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- ]p-cp-j-≥- "sk≥-tk-j-
W-e'-√-t√m.- A-tX- k-aq-l-Øn-se,- [-\n-I-cp-sS-tbm,- hn-Z-ym-
k-º-∂-cp-sStbm-- s]¨-Ip-´n-Iƒ- D-b¿-∂- \n-e-hm-c-Øn¬- Po-
hn-°p-∂p-sh-∂v- a-\-kn-em-°p-tºmƒ- {]-iv-\w- H-cn-°-epw- a-X-
]-c-a-s√-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-Wv.-
a-\p-jy-]p-tcm-KX
- n-°m-bn,- `u-Xn-Ih
- pw- ]m-c{- Xn-Ih
- p-am-b- ]p-
tc-m-K-Xn-°m-bn- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂- C-kv-emw- H-cn-°-epw- enw-K-]-
c-tam- a-t‰m- B-b- ]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-Øn¬- _-\v-[-n-X-am-bn,- hn-izm-
kn-I-sf- ]-X-n-Xm-h-kv-Y-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂- bm-sXm-cp- co-Xn-bpw-
kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bn-s√-∂v- t_m-[y-s∏-S-em-Wv- {]-[m-\w.-
C-dm-\m-bn-cp-∂p- C-kv-em-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-k-Øn-s≥-d- hn-f-`qan.-
C-dm-\n-b≥- F-gp-Øp-Im-cm-b- A-^v-km-\- \-Pv-am,- ssk-_- an¿-
lp-ssk-\n,- Xp¿-°n-bn-se- b-kn-w- A-dm-Xv,- Cu-Pn- ] - vX
- n-se- k¬
hm- _-°¿,- Z-£n-Wm-{^n-°-bn-se- sj-ao-am- sj-bv-°v-,- B-an-
\m- h-Zq-Zv- (bp.-F-kv-)-,- dn-^m- l-k≥- (Xp¿-°n),- ^m-Xzn-a- \kzo-
^v- (k-Du-Zn- A-td-_y)- F-∂n-h-cm-Wv- ap-Jy-am-bpw- C-kv-em-an-
Iv- s^-an-\n-kv-‰p-I-fm-bn- cw-K-Øp--h-∂-Xv.- sam-tdm-t°m-bn-se-
^m-Xzn-a- sa¿-\-o-k-n,- e-_-\-\n-se- A-ko-k- ln-_v-cn,- ]m°n-
kv-Xm-\n-se- j-lo-\- k¿-Zm¿- A-en- F-∂n-h-cpw- k-Du-Zn-bnse-
am-bn- b-a-\n- F-∂n-h-cpw- Nn-√-d- ho-£-W-hy-Xym-k-Øn¬- Cu-
]-´n-I-bn¬- tN-cp-∂p.-
Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- "kv-{Xo-]-£- hm-b-\'-
C-kve - mw-te-_n-fn¬- {]-Xy-£s
- ∏-Sp-∂- s-^a
- n-\n-kØ
- n-s≥d-
c-k-I-c-am-b- ho-£-Ww- ]-cn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- kv-{Xo-]-£-

a-\p-jy-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°m-bn,- `u-Xn-I-hpw- ]m-c-{Xn-I-hp-am-b- ]p-tc-m-K-Xn-°m-bn- \n-e-\n¬-

°p∂- C-kv-emw- H-cn-°-epw- enw-K-]-c-tam- a-t‰m- B-b- ]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-Øn¬- _-\v-[-n-X-am-bn,-
hn-izm-kn-I-sf- ]-X-n-Xm-h-kv-Y-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂- bm-sXm-cp- co-Xn-bpw- kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bn-s√-∂v-
t_m-[y-s∏-S-em-Wv- {]-[m-\w.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 12

kv-{Xo-°v- C-kv-emw- A-\p-h-Zn-®- A-h-Im-i-ß-sf-

AdnbpI-bpw- A-]-{K-Yn-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d- a-ln-a-
Dƒ-s°m-≈-pI-bpam-Wv- B-Zy-]-Sn.- s^-an-\n-kw-
krjvSn-s®-Sp-Ø- k-I-e-hn-[- A]-I¿-j-Xm-t_m-[-
Øn¬-\n-∂pw- hntam-Nn-X-cm-bn,- s^-an-\n-kv-‰v- ss]-i-m-
Nn-I-X-sb- A-Sn-t®m-Sn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xv- A-Sp-Ø-]-Sn.-
"Ct∏mƒ'- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂- A-h-Im-i- \n-tj-[-hpw-
A-k-¥p-enXm-h-kv-Y-bpw- C-kv-em-ap-am-bn- _-\v-[-
ans√∂v- Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-I.

hm-b\ - b - m-Wv.- ssZ-hn-I{- K-\vY

- w- A-hX
- c
- n-∏n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂X
- p-Xs
- ∂- ap-kv-enw- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- A-h-Im-i- kw-c-£-Ww-
"a-\p-jy-]-£'- hm-b-\-°m-Wv.- Pm-Xn-˛a-X-˛enw-K-˛h¿-W-˛h¿-K- C-kv-emw- s^-an-\n-k-sØ- F-Xn¿-°p-∂-Xv- A-Xv- a-X-hn-cp≤-
t`-Z-ß-fn-√m-sX- am-\-h- k-aq-l-Øn-\m-I-am-\w- h-gn-Im-´n- (lp- hpw- {]-Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤h - pw- A-{]m-tbm-Kn-Ih - p-am-bX - n-\m-em-Wv.- s^
Z)-bm-bn- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´- {K-\v-Y-Øn-\v- kv-{Xo-]-£- hm-b- an-\n-kw- t]m-se-Øs - ∂- ]p-cp-jm-[n-]X - y-sØ- C-kve - mw- FXn¿-
\-bp-am-bn- s^-an-\n-kv-‰p-Iƒ- ap-t∂m-´v- h-∂p.- Cu-Pn-]v-Xv- tI- °p-∂p.- `q-tem-IØ - v- \n-e\ - n¬-°p-∂- hy-hk - vY- I- f
- n¬- kv{- Xo°v-
{µ-am-bn,- A¬-˛A-kv-l-dn-s\- tI-{µo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v- B-an-\m- Xm-Xzn-I-am-bn- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- A-h-Im-iw- e-`n-°p-∂- Z¿-i
h-Zq-Zv,- k¬-h- _-°-¿- F-∂n-h-cpw- C-dm-\n-I-fm-b- A-^v-k-\- \w- C-kv-em-am-Wv.- F-∂m¬- Zp-c-aq-Ø- ]u-cm-ln-Xy-hpw- km-aq-
\Pv-a-_-sZ,- k-o-_- an¿-tlm-kn-\n- F-∂n-h-cpw- cw-K-Øp-h-∂p.- ly-km-lN - c
- y-ßf - pw- ap-kve - nw- kv{- Xo-bp-sS- A¿-la - m-b- A-hIm-
kz-bw- C-kv-em-an-Iv- s^-an-\n-kv-‰v- F-∂v- hn-fn-°m-dn-s√-¶n-epw- i-ß-sf- ]-e-t∏m-gpw- X-S-bp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-am-Wv.-
hn-fn-°p-∂-h-sc- Xn-cp-Øm≥- C-jv-S-s∏-Sm-Ø- B-an-\m- h-Zq-Zv- kv-{Xo-°v- C-kv-emw- A-\p-h-Zn-®- A-h-Im-i-ß-sf- A-dn-bpI-
X-s≥-d- Ir-Xn-bm-b- `QUR'AN and WOMAN F-∂- IrXn- H-cp- bpw- A-]-{K-Yn-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d- a-ln-a- Dƒ-s°m-≈-pI-bpam-
]-t£,- B-Zy-sØ- kv-{Xo-]-£- hm-b-\-bm-bn-cn-°pw.- Wv- B-Zy-]-Sn.- s^-an-\n-kw- kr-jv-Sn-s®-Sp-Ø-- k-I-e-hn-[- A]-
Jp¿-B≥- kw-PvR - b- p-sS- enw-Kt- `-Zw- Xn-cp-Øp-Is
- b-∂- hnπ- I¿-j-Xm-t_m-[-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- hntam-Nn-X-cm-bn,- s^-an-\n-kv-‰v-
h-am-Wv- kv-{Xo-]-£- hm-b-\-bp-sS- s]m-cpƒ.- kv-ss{X-W-am-b- ss]-i-m-Nn-I-X-sb- A-Sn-t®m-Sn-°p-I-sb-∂-Xv- A-Sp-Ø-]-Sn.- "C
co-Xn-bn¬- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-sØ- k-ao-]n-°p-I-sb-∂- co-Xn- Ku-c-h- t∏mƒ'- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂- A-h-Im-i- \n-tj-[-hpw- A-k-¥p-enXm-
ap-≈- H-cp- {K-\v-Y-Øn-\v- tN¿-∂- \n-e-hm-c-ap-≈- co-Xn-b-s√-∂v- h-kvY - b
- pw- C-kve - m-ap-am-bn- _-\v[ - a - n-s√-∂v- Xn-cn-®d - n-bp-I.- kmaq-
C-h¿- B-tem-Nn°p-t∂-bn-√.- Jp¿-B-\n-se- kv-{Xo- kw-_-\v- ly- Im-c-W-߃,- A-Pv-R-X,- A-\m-Nm-c-߃,- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-
[n-bm-b- h-N-\-ß-sf- ]¿-h-Xo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- kz-¥w- hym-Jym- Nq-jW - w- F-∂n-hb - p-sS- ]-cn-WXn-bm-Wv- ]Xn-Xm-hk - vY - °- v- Imc-
\-ß-sf-gp-Xp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- C-°q-´¿-- B-h-iy-sa-¶n¬- Nn-√-d- W-sa-∂v- Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-I.-
ssI-I-S-Ø-ep-Iƒ-°pw- - X-b-m-dm-Ip-∂p-≠v.- k-aq-l-Øn-se- G-Xp- hn-`m-K-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- A-h-Im-i-߃-
kw-c-£n-°p-I-sb-∂-Xv- ap-kv-enw- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- sam-Ø-Øn-
]-cn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- hym-Jym-Xm-°-fn¬- a-lm-`q-cn-]-
ep-≈- B-h-iy-am-Wv.- A-h-Im-i- \n-tj-[-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- k-a-cw-
£-hpw- "]p-cp-j] - W
- vU- n-X∑
- mcm'--bX
- n-\m¬ h - ym-Jym-\Ø
- n- s
- ≥-d-
sN-ø¬,- \n-tj-[n-°-s∏-´-h-s≥-d- am-{Xw- Np-a-X-e-b-s√-∂¿-Yw.-
kv-{Xo-]-£- hm-b-\- \-S-°p-∂n-s√-∂-Xm-Wv- {]-[m-\- ]-cm-X-n.-
kv-{Xo-Iƒ,- Ip-´n-Iƒ,- hn-I-emw-K¿,- sXm-gn-em-fn-Iƒ,- ]-´n-Wn∏m-
F-∂m¬- B-[n-Im-cn-I- Jp¿-B≥- hym-Jym-\-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-sem-
h-߃,- tcm-Kn-Iƒ- Xp-Sß - n- b
- h
- c
- p- s - S- A-hI - m-iw- kw-c£ - n-°m≥-
s°-bpw-- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-am-bn- \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂- l-Zo-kp-I-fn-¬- A-h¿- am-{X-a-√ cw-K-Øn-d-tß-≠-sX-∂pw- A-Ø-cw- k-a-c-߃-
-h-en-b- i-X-am-\hp-w- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- ]-Xv-\n-am-cm-b- B-C-i-(y)- Hm-tcm- ap-kv-en-an-s≥-d-bpw- _m-[y-X-bm-sW-∂p-am-Wv- - Jp¿-B≥-
Xp-S-ßn-b-h-¿- \n-th-Z-\w- sN-bv-X-Xm-sW-∂-Xm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-X.- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.- - kv{- Xo-bp-sS- {]-i\ v- w ap-ke v- nw- k-ap-Zm-bØ - ns≥d-
]m-iN v- m-Xy≥- s^-an-\n-kt- Øm-Sv- Iq-dv- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂- C-kvem- sam-Øw- {]-iv\ - a- m-Wv.- A-Xv- ]-cn-lc - n-°m≥- F-√m-hc - pw- cw-KØv-
an-Iv- s^-an-\n-kv-‰p-Iƒ- kv-{Xo- h-kv-{X-[m-c-Ww,- kz-Ø-h-Im- h-c-W-sa-∂¿-Y-w.- C-kv-em-an-I- k-aq-lw- H-cp- i-c-o-cw-t]m-sebm
iw,- _-lp-`m-cy-Xzw,- C-S-I-e¿-∂p-≈- h-gn-hn-´ co-Xn-Iƒ- F-∂n- Wv- F-∂- Xn-cp-hN - \ - {- ]-Im-cw- H-cp- A-hb - h- Ø - n-s≥-d- (Aw-KØn-
h-bpw- ]-´n-I-bn¬- tN¿-Øm-dp-≠v.- F-∂m¬- an-Un¬- Cu-kv-‰v- s≥-d)- {]-iv-\w- i-co-cØ--n-s≥-d- sam-Øw- {-]-iv-\-am-bn- am-dp-∂p.-
s^-an-\n-k‰ v- p-Iƒ- Cu- hm-Zw- ]-db- m-Xn-cn-°p-∂X - v,- ap-ke
v- nw- apJy- \-iz-c-am-b,- `u-Xn-I-am-b- A-h-Im-i- kw-c-£-W-Øn-s\
[m-cb - n¬-\n-∂v- H-‰s - ∏-Sp-sa-∂- `o-Xn-bn-em-IW- w.-- A-td-_y≥- ]iv- °mƒ,- hn-tam-N\ - Ø - n-s\-°mƒ C-kve - mw- ap≥-KW - \ - - \¬-Ip∂-
Nm-Ø-e-ap-≈- F-gp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ- hn-ip-≤-{K-\v-Y-ß-sf- t\-cn-´v- Xv- A-\-iz-c-am-b- ]-mc-{Xn-I- hn-P-b-am-sW-∂- B-i-bw- G-sd-
A-{I-an-°m-sX-- H-fn-t∏m¿- X-{¥w- B-hn-jvI - c- n-°p-tºmƒ,- CuPn- {i-t≤-b-am-Wv.- `u-Xn-I- {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-ß-fp-sS- B-e-I-fn¬-
]vX
- v˛- bq-tdm-˛A-ta-cn-°≥- F-gp-Øp-Im-cn-Iƒ- l-Zo-kn-s\- \ntj- C-kv-em-an-s\- X-f-®n-Sm≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h¿- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- hn-tam
[n-°p-I-bpw- ]p-cp-j-∑m¿- D-≤-cn-°p-∂- l-Zo-k-p-I-sf- \n-cm-I- N\- k-¶¬-]t- Øm-sSm-∏w- im-iz-X- tam-£k - t- µ-iw- Iq-Sn- Xncn
cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- ®-dntb-≠-Xp-≠v.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 13

?
!
?
!
?
Iq- S n- ° m- g v- N -

● a-X-kzm-X-{¥y-hpw- a-X-]-cn-Xym-Kn-bp-sS- h-[-hpw-

●

●
Pn-∂p-I-sf- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-tam?-
a-\p-jy-kr-jv-Sn- a-Æn¬-\n-t∂m- sh-≈-Øn¬-\n-t∂m?-
!
●

●
\-√-]n-≈- N-a-bm≥- I-≈-k-Xyw-
Cu- Im-cy-߃- Jp¿-B-\n¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-´p-t≠m?-
?

? a-X-Øn-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- \n¿-_-\v-[-an-s√-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- ]d- F-∂v- Xo-cp-am-\n-°p-Ib

- m-Wv- A-√m-lp- sN-
bv-X-Xv.- A-√m-lp- \¬-In-b- kzm-X-{¥yw-
bp-∂p.- a-X-Øn¬-\n-∂-v ]p-d-Øp-t]m-b-h-s\- sIm-√m≥- i-coA-
Øv- A-\p-a-Xn- \¬-Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-Xv- Jp¿-B-\n-Im-[ym-]-\- \n-tj-[n-°m≥- B¿-°pw- A-h-Im-i-an-√.-
Øn-\v- hn-cp-≤-a-t√?- Jp¿-B≥- \¬-In-b- kzm-X-{¥yw- l-\n-°- k-Xy-hn-izm-kw- kzo-I-cn-®-ti-jw- A-
hn-izm-kØ - n-te-°v- h-gp-Xn-t∏m-bh - s
- c- kw-
e-t√?-
_-\v-[n-®v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- [m-cm-fw-
hn.-Fw.- d-jo-Zv,- X-cn-iv-
]-cm-a¿i-ß-fp-≠v.- ""\n-ß-fn¬- B-sc-¶n-

! C-kv-emw- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- B-sc-bpw- \n¿-_-\v-[n-°m≥- ]m-Sn-√- F-∂-

Im-cyw- A-t\-Iw- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-X-ß-fn¬- hy-Iv-X-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xm-
epw- X-s≥-d- a-XØ

£w,- A-Øc - °
- n¬-\n-∂v- ]n-∑m-dn- kXy-
\n-tj-[n-bm-bn-s°m-≠v- a-c-W-s∏-Sp-∂-]-
- m-cp-sS- I¿-aß - ƒ- C-lØ - n-
Wv.- ""]-d-bp-I-:- k-Xyw- \-n-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-hn-¶¬-\n-∂p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.- epw- ]-c-Øn-epw- \n-j-^ v- e -- -am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-
A-Xn-\m¬- C-jv-S-ap-≈-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°-s´.- C-jv-S-ap-≈-h¿- A-hn-iz-kn- Xm-Wv.- A-h-cm-Ip-∂p- \-c-Im-h-Im-in-Iƒ.-
°-s´.- A-{I-an-Iƒ-°v- \mw- \-cI - m-K\ v- n- H-cp-°n-sh-®n-´p-≠v''- (hn.-Jp.- 18:29). A-hc - X
- n¬- \n-Xy-hm-kn-If - m-bn-cn-°pw''- (2:-
C-l-tem-I-Øv- B-cpw- hn-izkn-°m≥- \n¿-_-\v-[n-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-X-s√- 217).
∂pw- ]-c-tem-I-Øm-Wv- A-hn-izm-kw- F-∂- A-{I-a-Øn-\p-≈- in-£-
\¬-I-s∏-Sp-I-sb-∂pw- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p.- ""k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf,- \n--ß-fn¬- B-
sc-¶n-epw- X-s≥-d- a-X-Øn¬-\n-∂v- ]n-¥n-
""\n-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hv- D-t±-in-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- `-qa - n-bn-ep-≈h- s- c-√mw- H∂n-
cn-™p-I-f-bp-∂-]-£w- Xm≥- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-
®v- hn-iz-kn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-cn-s°- P-\-߃- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-
Ip-hm≥- \o- A-h-sc- \n¿-_-\v-[n-°p-I-tbm?-''- (hn.-Jp.- 10:-99)-.- {]-hm-N-I- ∂-h-cpw- X-s∂- C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-am-b-
\v- t]m-epw- k-Xy-hn-izm-kw- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- B-sc-bpw- \n¿-_-\v-[n-°m≥- as‰m-cp- P-\-hn-`m-K-sØ- A-√m-lp- ]-I-cw-
]m-Sn-s√-∂v- Cu- h-N-\w- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂p.- P-\-ß-sf- ap-gp-h≥- hn-izm-kn- sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-h¿- hn-izm-kn-I-
I-fm-°m≥- A-√-m-lp- D-t±-in-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- A-h-∂v- H-´pw- {]-bm-kw- Iq- tfm-Sv- hn-\-bw- Im-Wn°p-∂-h-cpw- k-Xy-
Sm-sX- A-Xv- km-[n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- a-\p-jy¿-°v- A-`n-{]m-b- \n-tj-[n-I-tfm-Sv- {]-Xm-]w- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-
kzm-X-{¥yw- \¬-In-bn-´v- A-h¿- kz-ta-[-bm- k-Xy-w- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s´- h-cp-am-bn-cn-°pw.- A-h¿- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 14

am¿-K-Øn¬- k-a-c-Øn-te¿-s]-Spw.- ""A-√m-lp-thm-Spw- A-h-s≥-d- Zq-X-t\m-Spw- - t]m-cm-Sp-I-bpw- `q-an-bn¬- Ip-g-∏-ap-≠m-

? H-cm-t£-]-I-s≥-d- B-t£-]-hpw-
Ah¿- `-bs - ∏-Sp-Ib - n-√.- A-Xv- A-√m-
lp-hn-s≥-d- A\p-{K-l-a-s{X.- A-h-
°m≥- {i-an-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h¿-°p-≈- {]-Xn-^-ew- A-h¿- sIm-s∂m-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-I-tbm,-
{Iq-in-°-s∏-Sp-I-tbm,- A-h-cp-sS- ssI-I-fpw- Im-ep-I-fpw- F-Xn¿-h-i-ß-fn¬-\n-∂m-bn- apdn-
®v- I-f-b-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- \m-Sp-I-S-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- sN-øp-I- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- A-X-h¿-°v- Cl-

! \p-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿-°v- A-Xv- \¬-Ip-

∂p.- A-√m-lp- hn-]p-e-am-b- I-gn-hp-
≈-h\ - pw- k¿-hP - R
v- \- p-as- {X''-(5:-54).-
tem-I-Øp-≈- A-]-am-\-am-Ip-∂p.- ]-c-tem-I-Øv- A-h¿-°v- I-\-Ø- in-£-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-
°pw''- (5:-33).-
Cu- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-X-Øn-s≥-d- ]-cn-[n-bn-em-Wv- hn-L-Sn-X- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-
""hn-iz-kn-®-Xn-\p-ti-jw- A-hn- Ip-g-∏w- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂- a-X-]-cn-Xym-Kn-Iƒ- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- k-aq-l-Øn¬- Ip-g-∏w- kr-jv-
? izm-kn-If - m-bn- am-dp-Ib
kw- Iq-Sn-°q-Sn-hc - n-Ib
- pw- A-hn-izm-
- pw- sN-bXv- - hn-
Sn-°p-∂-h¿-°v- in-£-\¬-Ip-∂-Xpw- a-Xw- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- B-fp-I-sf- \n-¿-_-\v-[n-°p-∂-
Xpw- H-tc- Im-cy-a-√.-
`m-K-Øn-s≥-d- ]-i-vNm-Ø-m-]w- H-cn- ****
! °-epw- kzo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.- A-
h-c-s{X- h-gn-]n-g-®-h¿''- (3:-90).
?
""(H-cn-°¬)- hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- ]n-im-Nv- Pn-∂v- h¿-K-Øn¬- s]-´-h-\m-sW-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- (18:-50)- hy-Iv-X-am-
? ]n∂-o-Sv- A-hn-iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- ho-
≠pw- hn-iz-kn-®n-´v- ]n-s∂-bpw- Ahn-
°p-∂p.- Pn-∂p-I-sf- a-\p-jy¿-°v- Im-Wphm≥- km-[y-a-√- F-∂pw- Jp¿-B≥- ]-
d-bp-∂p.- h-±pw- kp-hm-D-sam-s°- B-cm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-≈- km-l-N-cyw- "_p-
iz-kn-°p-I-bpw- A-\-¥-cw- A-hn- Jm-cn'- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂n-S-Øv- ]n-im-Nv- a-\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬- h-∂-Xm-bpw- B- k-

! izm-kw- Iq-Sn-°q-Sn- h-cn-I-bpw- sNbv-

X-hc - m-tcm- A-h¿-°v- A-√m-lp- s]m-
dp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-It- b- C-√.- A-hs - c-
aq-l-Øn-se- B-fp-I-tfm-Sv- {]-Xn-a-sb- B-cm-[n-°p-hm≥- t{]-cn-∏n-®-Xm-bpw- Im-
Wp-hm≥- I-gn-bp-∂p.- C-Xv- ]-c-kv-]-c- hn-cp-≤-a-t√?-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \n-kmw ]n,- Ip-∂pw]p-dw.
A-h≥- t\¿-h-gn-bn-te-°v- \-bn-°p-
? ∂-Xp-a-√''- (4:-137).-
H-cp- ap-kve
- nw- A-hn-izm-kn-bm-bn-
! - Pn-∂p-I-fp-sS- b-Ym¿-Y- L-S-\- a-\p-jy¿-°v- Im-Wm≥- km-[n-°m-Ø-Xm-sW-∂v- am{X-
sa- 7:-27 kq-Iv-X-Øn-se- Cu- hn-j-b-I-am-b- ]-cm-a¿-i-Øn-\v- A¿-Y-ap-≈q.- Pn-∂p-Iƒ-°v-
Øo¿-∂m¬- A-hs - \- sIm-t√-≠X - m-

! sW-∂v- Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-fn-sem-∂pw-

]-db
- p-∂n-√.- A-Øc - °
- m¿- \n-tj-[n-
a-‰v- G-sX-¶n-epw- kr-jv-Sn-h¿-K-Øn-s≥-d- cq-]w- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- I-gn-bp-tam- C-t√- F-∂-Xv-
kw-_-\v-[n-®v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- b-m-sXm-∂pw- ]-d-™n-´n-√.- A-Xn-\m¬- l-Zo-kp-I-
fn¬- C-Xv- kw-_-\v-[-am-bp-≈- ]-c-m-a¿-i-߃- Jp¿-B-\n-\v- hn-cp-≤-a-√.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d-
I-fm-bn- Po-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-bpw- kzm-
cq]-Øn¬- H-cp- Pn-∂v- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- A-Xv- G-sd-°p-sd- H-cp- {]-O-∂-th-jw-
? `mhn-I-am-bn- a-c-W-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-
bpw- kw-_-\v-[n-®m-Wv- Cu- kq-Iv-
t]m-se-bm-bn-cn-°pw.- B- cq-]w- Im-Wp-∂-Xv- b-Ym¿-Y-Øn-¬- km-£m¬- Pn-∂n-s\- ImW-
e-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- Cu- Im-cy-Øn¬- Jp¿-B-\pw- {]m-am-Wn-I-am-b- l-Zokp-I-
X-ß-fn¬- ]-cm-a¿-i-ap-≈-Xv.- fpw- X-Ωn¬- ssh-cp-[-yw- ]p-e¿-Øp-∂n-√.-

! F-∂m¬- \-_n- (e)-bp-sS-bpw- J-

eo-^-am-cp-sS-bpw- Im-e-Øv- C-kv-em-
an¬-\n-∂v- ]p-d-Øp-t]m-b-h¿- k-aq-
****

? l-Øn¬- Ip-g∏ - ß
- ƒ- C-f°
s≥d- t]-cn¬- A-h¿-s°-Xn-cn¬-
- n-hn-´X - n- ? a-\p-jy-s\- a-Æn¬-\n-∂pw- kr-jv-Sn-®p- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- H-cn-S-Øv- ]-d-bp-
tºmƒ,- Po-h-\p-≈- k-I-e-h-kv-Xp-°-fpw- sh-≈-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´n-cn-
ISp-Ø- \-S-]-Sn-Iƒ- kzo-I-cn-®- k-
°p-∂p-sh-∂v- a-s‰m-cn-S-Øv- ]-d-bp-∂p.- C-Xv- ssh-cp-[-y-a-t√?-
µ¿-`ß - f- p-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- ap-ke v- nw-Iƒ-

! °pw- ap-kv-enw- k-aq-l-Øn¬- A-®- ^m-kn¬- F.-B¿,- ]p-\-eq¿-

S- ° - t Øm- s S- Po- h n- ° p- ∂ - Aap-
kvenw-Iƒ-°pw- kp-c-£- D-d-∏v- \¬- ! a-Æv- `q-an-bp-sS- ]-cn-tO-Z-am-Wv.- ]m-d-bpw- a-W-epw- s]m-Sn-a-Æpw- I-fn-a-Æp-sa-√mw-

? Im≥- C-kv-em-an-I- `-c-W-Iq-Sw- _m-

[y-kv-Y-am-sW-¶n-epw,- ap-kv-enw- k-
aq-l-hp-am-bn- hn-L-Sn-®p-\n-∂v- Ip-g-
∏w- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-h¿-°v- kp-c-£-
! D-d-∏m-°m≥- _m-[y-X-bn-√- F-∂p-
am-{X-a-√-,- A-h¿- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS-
sskz-cP - o-hn-XØ- n-\v- `o-jW - n-bm-hp-
aÆv- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn-s≥-d- A¿-Y-]-cn-[n-bn¬- Dƒ-s]-Sp-∂p.- HmIv-kn-P-\pw- ssl-{U-P-\pw-
A-h- c-≠pw- tN¿-∂- sh-≈-hpw- A-t\-Iw- aq-e-I-ß-fpw- bu-Kn-I-ß-fpw- [m-Xp-e-h-W-
ß-fp-sa-√mw- tN¿-∂-Xm-Wv- Po-h-Pm-e-߃-°v- Cu‰n-√-am-Ip-∂- a-Æv.- A-Xn-se- ssh-hn-
[y-am¿-∂- L-S-I-߃- tN-¿-∂m-Wv- Po-h-tIm-i-ß-fpw- t{Im-a-tkm-ap-I-fpw- Po-\p-I-fp-sa-
√mw- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\m¬- a-\pjy-i-co-c-am-sI- a-Æn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´-
Xm-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw- `u-a-L-S-I-ß-fn¬- {]-[m-\-am-b- P-e-am-Wv- ssP-h- h-kv-Xp-°-
fp-sS- knw-l-`m-K-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬- a-\p-jy-\pw- Po-hn-I-fpw- sh-≈-Øn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-°-

? ∂-]-£w- A-h¿-°v- h-[in-£-t]m-

epw- \¬-tI-≠n-hc - n-Ib- pw- sN-bvt- X-
s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw- Hm-tcm- A¿-Y-Øn¬- i-cn-bm-Ip-∂p.-
a-Æn¬-\n-∂pw- sh-≈-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- kr-jv-Sn-®p-sh-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-
°mw.- \n¬- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-Xv.- a-\p-jy-s\- _o-P-Øn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®p-sh-∂pw- (16:-4,- 18:-37,- 22:-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 15

5,- 35:-11,- 36:-77,- 40:-67,- 53:-46,- 80:-19)- k-
? ¶-en-X- _o-P-Øn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-
®p-sh-∂pw- (76:-2)- {`q-W-Øn¬-\n-∂v-
krjv-Sn-®p-sh-∂pw- (22:-5,- 40:-67,- 96:-
""X-߃- sN-bv-X-Xn¬- k-t¥m-jw-sIm-≈p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´n-√m-Ø- Im-cy-Øn-s≥-d-
t]-cn¬- {]-iw-kn-°-s∏-Sm-≥ C-jv-S-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- B- hn-`m-K-ß-sf-]-‰n,- A-h¿-
in-£-bn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-bn-em-sW-∂v- \o- hn-Nm-cn-°-cp-Xv.- A-h¿-°m-Wv-
th-Z\
- t- b-dn-b- in-£b
- p-≈X
- v''- (3:-188).- A¿-ln-°m-Ø- {]-iw-k- B-{K-ln-°p-∂X
- v- in£m¿-

! 2)- amw-k] - n-WvU - Ø - n¬-\n-∂v- krjv-

Sn-®p-sh-∂pw- (22:-5)- Jp¿-B-\n¬- X-
s∂- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.- Cu- ]-cm-a¿-i-
߃-s°-√mw- im-kv-{Xo-b-am-b- km-
? [p-Xbp-s≠-∂v- B-[p-\n-I- {`q-Wi
kv-{X-Pv-R¿- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®n-´p-≠v.-
- m-
****
l-am-b- Ip-‰-am-sW-∂v- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p.-
I-≈w- ]-d-bp-∂-h¿-°v- i-Iv-X-am-b- Xm-°o-Xv- \¬-Ip-∂- A-t\-Iw- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-
X-ß-fp-≠v.- I-≈w- ]-d-™n-´v- A-Xv- k-Xy-am-sW-∂v- tXm-∂n-°m≥-th-≠n- A-√m-lp-hn-
s≥-d- t]-cn¬- k-Xyw- sN-øp-∂-Xv- Iq-Sp-X¬- Kp-cp-X-c-am-b- Ip-‰-am-Wv.- A-Xv- ssZ-h-\m-a-
sØ- `u-Xn-I- e-£y-Øn-\p-th-≠n- Nq-j-Ww- sN-ø-em-Wv.- tem-I-a-m-\y-X-°v- th-≠n-
bmWv- Cu- I-≈-k-Xy-sa-¶n¬- Ip-‰-Øn-s≥-d- Ku-c-hw- ho-≠pw- h¿-[n-°p-∂p.- ""\n-ß-sf-
Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- th-≠n- \n-ß-tfm-S-h¿- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- k-Xyw- sN-bv-Xv-

!? a-‰p-≈-h-cp-sS- ap-ºn¬- \-√-

kw-km-cn-°p-∂p.- F-∂m¬- A-h¿- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-sW-¶n¬- A-h¿- Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-
SpØm≥- G-‰-hpw- A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-h¿- A-√m-lp-hpw- A-h-s≥-d- Zq-X-\p-am-Wv''- (hn.-Jp.-
9:62).-

? ]n-≈- N-a-bp-hm-t\m- Xm¬-°m-

en-I- c-£-t°m-th-≠n- A-√m-lp-
sX-‰v- sX-‰m-sW-∂v- A-dn-™p-sIm-≠v- ho-≠pw-ho-≠pw- B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- ]iv-
Nm-Øm-]w- A-√m-lp- kzo-Ic - n-°m≥- km-[y-Xb - n-s√-∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- kq-IvX - ß
- ƒ- kqNn-
hn-s\-sIm-≠v- I-≈-k-Xyw- sN- ∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- ""]-iv-Nm-Øm-]w- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- A-√m-lp- _m-[y-X-tb-‰n-bn-´p-≈-Xv- A-dnhp-
tI-Sv- \n-an-Øw- Xn-∑- sN-øp-I-bpw- F-∂n-´v- Xm-a-kn-bm-sX- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-
! øp-∂- H-cp- ap-kve

Jp¿-B\
- n-an-s\-°p-dn-®p-
≈- C-kv-em-an-I- \n-e-]m-sS-¥v?-
- n¬- C-Xv- ]-cm-a¿-in-°p-
? ∂p-t≠m?- B-fp-If- p-sS- ap-ºn¬-
\n-∂v- X¬-°m-ew- c-£-s∏-Sm≥-
th-≠n- I-≈-k-Xyw- sN-øp-∂-Xv-
øp-∂-h¿-°v- am-{X-am-Wv.- A-ß-s\-bp-≈-h-cp-sS- ]-iv-Nm-Øm-]w- A-√m-lp- kzo-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xm-Wv.- A-√m-lp- F-√mw- A-dn-bp-∂h - \
- pw- bp-IvX
- n-am-\p-am-Ip-∂p.- ]-ivN
- m-Øm-]w- F∂-
Xv- sX-‰p-Iƒ- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpw,- F-∂n-´v- a-c-Ww- B-k-∂-am-Ip-tºmƒ- Rm\n-
Xm- ]-iv-Nm-Ø-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h¿-°p-≈-X-√.- k-Xy-\n-tj-
[n-I-fm-bn- a-cn-°p-∂h¿-°p-ap-≈-X-√.- A-ß-s\-bp-≈-h¿-°v- th-Z-\-tb-dn-b- in-£-bm-
Wv- \mw- H-cp-°n-sh-®n-´p-≈-Xv''- (4:-17,-18).-

! B-cp-a-dn-bm-sX- ]-S-®-h-t\m-Sv- D-
≈pcp-In- {]m¿-Y-n-®m¬- A-h-\-
****
Xv- s]m-dp-°p-sa-∂- hn-izm-k- ? Xm-sg- ]-d-bp-∂- Im-cy-ß-sf-Ip-dn-®v- Jp¿-B-\n¬- h-√- ]-cm-a¿-i-hp-ap-s≠-
? tØm-sS-bm-sW-¶n¬- B- hy-Iv-
Xn- Ip-‰-°m-c-\m-tWm?-
¶n¬- A-Xv- A-dn-bn-®p-X-cp-hm≥- A-t]-£.- 1.- C-{_m-lo-w \-_n-- (u)- `m-cy-sb-
bpw- ]n-©p-Ip-™n-s\-bpw- a-°-bn¬- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- I¬-]-\-{]-Im-cw- Xma-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- dm-^n- l- ≥,-
kn-∏n-®-Xv.- 2.- l-Pv-Pv- I¿-a-Øn-se- Pw-d-I-fn-se- I-s√-dn-b¬.-
! sIm-√w-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- A-iv-d-^v- tIm-gn-t°m-Sv-
! A-√m-lp-hn-\p-th-≠n- \-√-h-cm-
! `m-cy-sb-bpw- a-I-s\-bpw- a-°-bn¬- Xm-a-kn-∏n-°m≥- C-{_m-lo-w- \-_n- (u)-tbm-Sv-
? hp-I- F-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww- k-Xy-hn-
izm-kn-I-fp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sv.- P-\-߃-
°p-th-≠n- \-√-h-cm-bn- th-jw- sI-
A-√m-lp- I¬-]n-®p-sh-∂v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- ]-d-™n-´n-√.- F-∂m¬- IpSpw-_-sØ-
a-°-bn¬- A-[n-h-kn-∏n-®-ti-jw- C-{_m-lo-w- (u)- \-S-Øn-b- H-cp- {]m¿-Y-\- hn-ip-≤-
´p-I- F-∂-Xv- sN-dn-b- in¿-°v- F∂v- Jp¿-B-\n¬- D-≤-cn-®n-´p-≠v.- A-Xv- C-{]-Im-c-am-Ip-∂p-:- ""R-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-th,- F-s≥d-

! d-kq¬- (e)- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®- "c-nb

- mAv'-
A-Y-hm- {]-I-S-\-]-c-X-bp-sS- h-Ip-
k-¥-Xn-I-fn¬- \n-∂v- (Nn-e-sc)- Ir-jn-sbm-∂pw- C-√m-Ø- H-cp-Xm-gv-h-c-bn¬,- \n-s≥-d-
]hn-{X-am-b- `-h-\-Øn-s≥-d- (I-Av-_-bp-sS)- A-Sp-Øv- Rm-\n-Xm-- Xm-a-kn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.-
∏n¬- Dƒ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.- ""A-√m-lp- R-ß-fp-sS- c-£n-Xm-th,- A-h¿- \-a-kv-Im-cw- ap-d-{]-Im-cw- \n¿-h-ln-°m≥- th-≠n-bm-Wv-
? hn-epw- ]-c-tem-I-Øn-epw- hn-izm-k-
an-√m-sX,- P-\-ß-sf- Im-Wn-°m≥-
(A-ß-s\- sN-bv-X-Xv)-.- A-Xn-\m¬- a-\p-jy-cn¬- Nn-e-cp-sS- a-\- p-I-sf- \o- A-h-tcm-Sv-
Nm-bv-hp-≈-Xm-°p-I-bpw- Ah¿-°v- Im-bv-I-\n-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- \o- D-]-Po-h-\w- \¬-Ip-I-bpw-
th-≠n- [-\w- sN-eh - vs
- N-øp-∂h - s
- \- sN-tø-W-ta.- A-h¿- \-µn- Im-Wn-s®-∂v- h-cmw''- (14:-37).- `m-cy-sb-bpw- a-I-s\-bpw- C-{_m-
t∏-m-se- \n-ß-fm-I-cp-Xv''- (hn.-Jp.-2:- lo-w- (u)- a-°-bn¬- A-[n-h-kn-∏n-®- \-S-]-Sn- A-√m-lp- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®n-´p-s≠-∂v- hnip≤-
! 264).-
Zm-\w-sN-øp-∂-Xv- \-√- Im-cy-am-Wv.-
Jp¿-B-\n¬- Cu- {]m¿-Y-\- D-≤-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xn¬-\n-∂v- {K-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.-
Pw-d-I-fn-se- I-t√-dn-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- ]-cm-a¿-i-sam-∂p-an-√.-
A-Xp-t]m-epw- P-\-ß-sf- Im-Wn- \-_n- (e)-Pw-d-I-fn¬- I-s√-dn-™p-sh-∂v- C-_v-\p- A-∫m-kn- (y)¬-\n-∂v- _p-Jm-cn-bpw-
? °m≥-th-≠n-bm-IcpsX-∂v- A-√m-
lp- hn-e-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- a-s‰m-cp-
ap-kv-en-apw- Pm-_n-dn-(y)¬-\n-∂v- ap-kv-en-apw- dn-t∏m¿-´v- sN-bv-X- {]m-am-Wn-I-am-b- l-Zokp-
I-fn¬- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.-
Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xw- t\m-°p-I-:- ****
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
C-kv-emw- hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-s≥-d-
kw-Lv-]-cn-hm¿- ssi-en-
D-kv-am≥- ]m-e-°m-gn-
B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b- hn-a¿-i-\-hpw- kw-hm-
Z-hpw- Kp-W-I-c-am-Wv.- a-X-˛cm-jv-{So-b˛-km
ln-Xy-˛kmw-kvI - m-cn-I- cw-Kß - f- n¬- B-tcm-
Ky-I-c-hpw- A-\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-hp-am-b- kw-hm-
Z-ß-fpw- hn-a-¿-i-\-ß-fpw- \-Ωp-sS- \m-´n¬-
Ip-sd-b-[n-Iw- \-S-∂n-´p-≠v.- C-t∏m-gpw- \-S-
°p-∂p-≠v.- B-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b- kw-hm-Z-ß-
fpw- hn-a¿-i-\-ß-fpw- B-tcm-Ky-ap-≈- hy-
Iv-Xn-I-sf-bpw- k-aq-l-sØ-bpw- {]-kv-Ym-\-
ß-sf-bpw- {]-Xn-^e - n-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-
\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-am-b- hn-a¿-i-\-ß-fpw- kw
hmZ-ßf - pw- tcm-K{- K-kvY- a
- m-b- hy-IvX
- n-Is
- f-
bpw- k-aq-l-sØ-bpw- {]-kv-Ym-\-ß-sf-bp-
am-Wv- {]-I-S-am-°p-∂-Xv.-
C-¥y- H-cp- _-lp-a-X- k-aq-l-cm-jv-{S-
am-Wv.- C-jv-S-ap-≈- a-X-Øn¬- hn-iz-kn-°m-
\pw- A-Xn-s≥-d- B-Nm-cm-\p-jv-T-m-\-߃-
\n¿-h-ln-°m-\pw- A-Xn-s≥-d- B-i-bm-Z¿-
i-߃- {]-N-cn-∏n-°m-\pw- C-hn-sS- kzm-X-
{¥y-ap-≠v.- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø¿-°pw- A-h-\-h-
s≥d- B-Z¿-i-am-Wv- G-‰-hpw- \-√-sX-∂v-
hniz-kn-°m-\pw- A-Xv- sX-fn-bn-t°-≠n-h-
∂m¬- sX-fn-bn-°m-\pw- C-hn-sS- hn-e-°p-
I-fn-√.- C-X-c- a-X-ß-fn-se-bpw- {]-Xy-b-im-
kv{- X-ßf - n-se-bpw- cm-jv{- So-b{- ]-kvY - m-\ß
- -
fn-se-bpw- t]m-cm-ba v- I
- ƒ- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-
∂-Xn-\pw- X-S- -ß-fn-√-;- A-Xv- h-kv-Xp-\n-
jv-T-hpw- {]-am-W-_-≤-hpw- {]-tIm-]-\-c-ln-
X-hpw- D-t±-iy-ip-≤n-tbm-sS-bpw- Bbn-cn-°-
W-sa-∂v- am-{Xw.-
sI.-kn.- cm-L-h≥- c-Nn-®v-,- hn-iz-ln-µp-
_p-Iv-kv- {]-kn-≤o-I-c-®- "ln-µp-[¿-a-hpw-
sk-an-‰n-Iv- a-X-ß-fpw'- F-∂- ]p-kv-X-Iw
\tS- kq-Nn-∏n-®,- - hn-a¿-i\ - Ø
- n-s≥-d- k-Ie-
a-cym-Z-I-fpw- ew-Ln-®n-cn-°p-∂- H-∂m-sW-
∂v- ]-db- m-Xn-cn-°m≥- \n¿hm-la - n-√.- temI-
cm-jv-{S-ß-fn¬- ap-gp-h≥- th-cp-I-fp-≈-,-
temI-Øv- G-‰-hpw- Iq-Sp-X¬- hn-izm-kn-I-
fp-≈- c-≠m-a-sØ- a-X-am-b- C-kv-em-an-s\-
hn-a¿-in-°p-hm-s\m-cp-ßn-b- {K-\vY - I - ¿-Øm-
hv- ap-kv-enw- ]-W-vUn-X-cm¬- hn-c-Nn-X-am-b-
bm-sXm-cp- {K-\v-Y-hpw- hm-bn-®n-´n-s√-∂pw-
16
C-kv-emw- hn-a¿-i-I-cp-sS- {K-\v-Y-߃- hm-
bn-®m-Wv- Cu- Ir-Xy-Øn-s\m-cp-ßn-bn-cn-°p-
∂-sX-∂pw- {]kv-Xp-X- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- "C-kv-
emw- a-Xw'- F-∂- X-e-s°-´n-\v- Io-sg- F-gp-
Xn- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ - Im- c y- ß - f n- e q- s S- H- ∂ v -
ItÆm-Sn-®m¬-X-s∂- t_m-[y-am-Ipw.-
{K-\v-Y-߃-h-gn-tbm- {]-`m-j-W-߃-
ap-tJ-\-tbm- tI-´p-tIƒ-hn-bm-tbm- G-sXm-
cp- km-[m-c-W-°m-c-\pw- C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-
dn-®v- Nn-e- {]-m-Y-an-I- A-dn-hp-I-fp-≠m-bn-cn-
°pw.- B- A-dn-hp-t]m-epw- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-\n-
t√- F-∂v- kw-i-bw- tXm-∂p-am-dv- A-Pv-R-
X-bp-sS- Xn-c-bn-f-°w- A-Xn¬- {]-I-S-am-Wv.-
"Im-_- F-∂- I-dp-Ø I-√v',- "ap-l-Ω-Zv- X-
s≥-d- B-Xv-a-an-{X-hpw- a-Zo-\-bp-sS- `-c-Wm-
[n-Im-cn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂- A-_q-_-°-dp-sS-
klm-b-Øm¬- c-£-s∏-´p- a-Zo-\-bn-te-°v-
t]m-bn,- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS- Im-e-Øv-
Atd-_n-b-bn¬- sN-∂- A-\y-cm-Pm-°-∑m-
cp-sS- t]-cp-Iƒ- A-hn-sS- l-Zo-kv- ]-c-º-c-
I-fn¬- hy-IvX - a- m-bn- tc-Js
- ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
s{X'-- Xp-Sß
- n-b- hm-NI - ß- f- n¬- Im-Wp-∂X
A-PR -v X
- b- p-sS- B-ga
- √
- m-sX- a-s‰-¥m-W!-v -
""Rm≥- C-Xn¬- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-®- h-kv-Xp-
X-Iƒ- k-Xy-k-\v-[-hpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hp-
am-Wv.- A-Xn-\v- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- {K-\v-Y-ß-fp-
sS- km-£y-]-{X-hp-ap-≠v''- ˛{K-Ÿ-Øn-s≥d-
"{]-kv-Xm-h-\'--bn¬- {K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- Fgp-Xn-
∏n-Sn-∏n-®- Cu- hm-N-Iw-,- k-Xy-k-\v-[-a-√m-
Ø-Xpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-a-√m-Ø-Xpw- {]am-
W-ß-fp-sS- ]n≥-_-e-an-√m-Ø-Xp-am-Wn-Xn-
ep-≈-sX-∂v- G-Xp- hm-b-\-°m-c-\pw- a\-
 n-em-Ip-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬- H-cp- ap≥-Iq¿- Pm-
ay-sa-Sp-°-e-t√- F-∂v- kw-i-bn-t°-≠n-bn-
cn-°p-∂p.- C-kv-em-an-s\- hn-a¿-in-°m≥- G-
Xv- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- {K-\v-Y-am-Wv- {K-\v-Y-Im-c≥-
A-h-ew-_-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv?- F-®v.-Pn.-
sh¬-k-n-s≥-d- {K-\v-Y-amtWm- A-Sn-kv-Ym-
\-{K-\v-Yw?- "D-≠-s{X',- "BW-s{X',- "sNbv-
Xp-t]m¬',- "B-Wv-t]m¬',- "F-∂mWv- ]-
WvU- n-Xa- X- w'- F-s∂m-s°- ]-db - p-∂X - n-se-
hn-sS-bm-Wv- h-kv-Xp-\n-jvT-X?-
Ckv-emw- F-∂m¬- k-Du-Zn- A-td-_y-
bm-sW-∂v- {K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- sX-‰n-≤-cn-®-t]m-
se- tXm-∂p-∂p.- c-≠p--- t]-tPm-fw-,- k-Du-Zn-
A-td-_-y-sb- hn-a¿-in-°m-\m-Wv- A-t±-lw-
Xp-\n-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- bm-sXm-cp- sX-fn-hp-
an-√m-sX- Ip-sd- B-tcm-]-W-߃- sXm-Sp-
Øp-hn-´v- H-Sp-hn¬- "Cu- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fp-sS-
sb-√mw- k-Xy-k-\v-[-X-bpw- \n-P-kv-Yn-Xn-
bpw- Kƒ-^n¬- tPm-en-°p-t]m-bn- Xn-cn-®p-
h-cp-∂-h-tcm-Sv- A-t\z-jn-®m¬- hy-Iv-X-am-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv'- F-∂p-Iq-Sn- {]-Jym-]n-°p-∂p!-
h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hpw- k-Xy-k-\v-[hpw- {]-am-
W-{K-\vY- ß- f - p-sS- km-£y-]{- X-hp- a
- p-≈- hn-
e-bn-cp-Ø-en-s≥-d- Z-b-\o-bm-h-kv-Y- F-∂-
√m-sX- F-¥v- ]-d-bm≥-!- "(k-Du-Zn-bn¬)-
_m-¶v-hn-fn- tIƒ-°p-tºmƒ- Hm-Sn-s°m-≠n-
cn-°p-∂- hm-l-\-߃- s]-s´-∂v- \n¿-Øp-
I-bpw- ss{U-h¿- A-S° - a- p-≈- ap-kve - nw- bm-
{X-°m¿- tdm-Un¬- ap-´p-Ip-Øn- {]m-¿-Yn-°p-
- v- I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xv- I-m-Wm-a-s{X'- F-∂- Kw-
`o-c-am-b- I-≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-Øn¬-\n-∂p-X-s∂-
"h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-X'- t_m-[y-am-W-t√m.-
F-®v.-Pn-.- sh¬-kn-s\-t∏-m-ep-≈- C-kv-
emw-a-X- hn-tcm-[n-I-fp-sS- {K-\v-Y-ß-fpw- A-
h-sb- A-h-ew-_-am-°n- c-Nn-®-s∏-´- hn-Pv-
Rm-\-tIm-i-ß-fpw-a-m-{Xw- B-[m-c-am-°n-b-
Xm-Wv- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-\v- ]-‰n-b- `o-am-_-≤w.-
"I-Av-_-sb-∂- I-dp-Ø- I-√n-s\- B-
cm-[n-°p-∂h - c- m-Wv- ap-kve
- nw-Iƒ'- F-∂- A-
k-Xy-Øn-s≥-d- Iq-c-ºp-sIm-≠v- C-kv-em-an-
s≥-d- kp-µc - a
- m-b- h-Z\- Ø- n¬- t]m-de - p-≠m-
°m≥- a-\x-]q¿-hw- {i-an-®- F-®v.-Pn.- sh¬-
kn-\p-t]m-epw- "`u-Xn-I- hn-Pv-Rm-\- cw-K-
Øv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Xp-S-ß-n-sh-°m-Ø- bm-
sXm-∂pw- bq-tdm-]y∑m-cm-b- R-߃-°v-
]q¿-Øo-Ic - n-t°-≠n-h∂ - n-´n-√'- F-∂v- k-Ω-
Xn-t°-≠n-h-∂- Im-cyw- hn-a¿-i-I≥ a-- -\- n-
em-°-Ww.-
"I-Av-_-sb-∂- I-dp-Ø- I-√n-s\- B-cm-[n-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ'-
F-∂- A-k-Xy-Øn-s≥-d- Iq-c-ºp-sIm-≠v- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- kp-µ-c-am-b-
h-Z-\-Øn¬- t]m-d-ep-≠m-°m≥- a-\x-]q¿-hw- {i-an-®- F-®v.-Pn.- sh¬-
kn-\p-t]m-epw- "`u-Xn-I- hn-Pv-Rm-\- cw-K-Øv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Xp-S-ß-n-sh-
°m-Ø- bm-sXm-∂pw- bq-tdm-]y∑m-cm-b- R-߃-°v- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-t°-
≠n-h-∂n-´n-√'- F-∂v- k-Ω-Xn-t°-≠n-h-∂- Im-cyw- hn-a¿-i-I≥ -a-\- n-
em-°-Ww.-
P-h-l¿-em¬- s\-lv-dp- X-s≥-d- "hn-iz-
N-cn-{Xm-ht- em-I\ - w-'- F-∂- {K-\Y v- Ø
- n¬- F-
gp-Xp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:- "C-X-c-tem-I-Øn-se-
kw-`h - K
- X
- n-If- n¬-\n-s∂-√mw- \n-t»-jw- A-
I-∂v- h-f-sc-°-m-e-tØm-fw- an-°-hm-dpw- \n-
{Zm-k-Zr-i-am-sbm-cp- Po-hn-Xw- \-bn-®p-t]m-
b- Cu- A-d-_n-h¿-Kw- s]-s´-∂p-W¿-∂v-
tem-I-sØ- ap-gp-h≥- kw-{`-an-∏n-°p-hm-\pw-
Io-gv-ta¬- a-dn-°p-hm-\pw- X-°-h-Æw- A-
{X-bpw- {]-_e - a- m-b- H-cp- i-IXv- nbm-bn-Øo¿-
∂-Xv- hn-Nn-{X-am-sbm-cp- ]-cn-Wm-aa - m-Wv.- A-
d-_n-I-fp-sS-bpw- £-W-t\-cw-sIm-≠v- A-
h¿-°v- G-jy-bn-epw- bq-tdm-∏n-epw- B-{^n-
°-bn-epw- D-≠m-b- hym-]v-Xn-bp-sS-bpw- A-
h¿- t\-Sn-b- k-ap-∂-X-am-b- kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-
s≥-d-bpw- \m-K-cn-I-X-bp-sS-bpw- I-Y- N-cn-
{X-Øn-se- a-lm- h - n-kva
- b
- ß
- f- n¬- H-∂s - {X!-
C-kvem-am-Wv- A-d-_n-I-sf- D-W¿-Øp-I-
bpw- A-h-cn¬- Hm-P- p-w- B-Xv-a-hn-izm-k-
hpw- D-f-hm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X- B- \-ho-\-
i-Iv-Xn- A-Y-hm- B-i-bw.....- H-scm-‰- ssZ-
17
h-ta- D-≈q,- Xm≥- B- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- {]-
hm-N-I-\m-Wv- F-∂v- ap-l-Ω-Zv- k¿-thm-]-
cn- Du-∂n-∏-d-™p....- ap-kv-enw- A-d-_n-I-fp-
sS- k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpw- bq-tdm-]y≥- {In-
kvXym-\n-I-fp-sS- A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bpw- X-
Ωn-ep-≈- h-ºn-®- A-¥-c-am-Wv- Cu- N-cn-
{X-L-´-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- ap-g-®p-Im-Wp-∂- H-
cp- {]-[m-\- kw-KX - n-''- (hm-fyw- H-∂v,- t]-Pv:- -
197,- 198).-
Cu- A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bn¬- s]-´-Xm-Wv-
F-®v.-Pn.- sh¬-kn-s\-t∏-m-ep-≈- N-cn-{X-Im-
c-∑m-cp-sS- "I-dp-Ø- I-√n-s\- B-cm-[-n-°p-
∂-h¿'- F-∂- {]-tbm-K-hpw- a-‰pw.- C-°m-
cyw- A-dn-™p-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv- C-
kvemw- hn-a¿-iI - c- m-b- ]-ec - pw- A-t±-lØ- n-
s≥-d- c-N\ - I
- s
- f- sX-cs - ™-Sp-°p-∂s - X-∂-
Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.-
]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s≥-d- 36˛mw- t]-Pv- ap-X¬-
65 h-sc-bm-Wv- sk-an-‰n-Iv- a-X-ß-fn¬- H-
∂m-b- C-kv-em-an-s\- {io-am≥- sI.-kn.-
cmL-h≥- ]-cn-Nb - s
- ∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - ;v- - A-√,- hn-
a¿-in-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-se- Hm-tcm- ]-cm-a¿-i-
Øn-\pw- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-bp-I-tbm- hn-a¿-in-°p-
I-tbm- sN-øp-hm-\-√-;- {]-k-Iv-X-sa-∂v- tXm-
∂p-∂- a-dp-]-Sn-b-¿-ln-°p-∂- Nn-e- hn-a¿-i-
\-ßf - p-sS- k-Xym-hk- vY
- - Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-
I- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu- te-J-\w-sIm-≠v- D-t±-
in-°p-∂-Xv.-
Jp¿-B-\n-s\-Xn-sc-bp-≈-
B-tc-m-]-W-߃
Jp¿-B≥- B-h¿-Ø\ - h
- n-ck- a - m-sW-∂v-
{K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- H-∂n-e-[n-Iw- kv-Y-e-ß-fn¬-
F-gp-Xp-∂p-.- "]-c-kv-]-c-hn-cp-≤-am-b- ]-e-
kq-Iv-X-ß-fpw- Jp-¿-B-\n-ep-s≠-∂v'- H-gp-
°≥-a-´n¬- ]-d-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p.- H-cp- D-Zm-
l-c-W-sa-¶n-epw- F-Sp-Øp-≤-cn-°p-∂p-an-√.-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-s\- hn-a¿-in-®p-sIm-≠v-
A-t±-lw- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""......- am-{X-hp-a-√- A-
t±-lw- ]-d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øv- F-gp-Xn-sh-®-
{K\v-Yw- A-Y-hm- Jp¿-B≥- B-h¿-Ø-\w-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 18

sIm-≠pw- `m-j-bp-sS- \n-e-hm-c-an-√-m-bv-a- ®- A-h-s≥-d- h-N-\-ß-fm-Wv- Zn-hy-{K-\v-Y- ≈- kv-{Xo-I-sf-bpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥- Jp¿-

sIm-≠pw- H-cp- Zn-hy-{K-\v-Y-Øn-s≥-d- a-lna-
Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂n-s√-∂m-Wv- ]-WvU - n-Xa
- X
- w'-
(t]-Pv-:- 39).-
"h-kvX - p-\n-jvT- h
- pw- k-Xy-k\ - v[
- h-pw- {]-
am-W{- K-\Y v- ß- f
- p-sS- km-£y- ]- {- X-tØm-Spw-
Iq-Sn- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-®- h-kv-Xp-X'-bp-sS- A-h-
kv-Y-bm-Wn-Xv.- C-Ø-cw- B-tc-m-]-W-߃-
D-∂-bn-°p-tºmƒ- sX-fn-hp-≤-cn-°¬- H-cp-
km-am-\y- a-cym-Z-bm-Wv.- hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- a-
\- n¬- ]p-I-a-d- kr-jv-Sn-°m≥- th-≠n-bm-
bn-cn-°mw- {K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- A-Xn-\v- ap-Xn¿-∂n-
´n-√.-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- Nn-e- kq-Iv-X-
߃- B-h¿-Øn-®p- h-∂n-´p-≠v.- Nn-e- N-cn-
{X-kw-`-h-߃- H-cn-S-Øv- {l-kz-a-m-bn- ]-d-
bp-I-bpw- a-s‰m-cn-S-Øv- A-Xp-X-s∂- hn-i-Z-
am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.- C-Xv- Jp¿-B-
\n-s≥-d- k-hn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.- C-h- Jp¿-B-
߃- A-Y-hm- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-߃.- C-h-bp-sS-
e-£yw- `m-j- ]Tn-∏n-°-e-√-;- F-∂n-cp-∂m-
epw- A-h-bn¬- `m-jm- ssh-I-ey-߃- Im-
Wp-I- km-[y-a-√.- A-d-_n- km-ln-Xy-cw-K-
sØ- ap-Sn-Nq-Sm-a-∂-∑m-cm-b- I-hn-Iƒ- Po-
hn-®n-cp-∂-Im-e-Øv- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-
Jp¿-B-\n-s≥d-- `m-jm-ta-∑-bn-epw- {]-Xn-]m-
Z-\- ssi-en-bn-epw- A¿-Y-]q¿-W-X-bn-epw-
A-h-scm-s°- A-Xv-`p-Xw- Iq-dn- F-∂-Xm-Wv-
]-c-am¿-Y-w.- Jp¿-B-\n-se- A-[ym-b-Øn-\v-
In-S-]nSn-°p-∂- H-c-[ym-b-tam- ]-Øv- kq-Iv-
X-ß-sf-¶n-ep-tam- sIm-≠p-h-cp-hn≥- F-∂-
Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d- sh-√p-hn-fn- G-s‰-Sp-°m≥-
C-t∂-h-sc- B¿-°pw- I-gn-™n-´n-√-;- A-Xn-
\v- ap-∂n-´n-d-ßn-b-h¿- ]-cm-Pn-X-cm-bn-- ]n≥-
hm-ßn-bn-t´-bp-≈q.-
1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-
A-tX-\n-e-°v- h-≈n-]p-≈n- hy-Xym-k-an-√m-
B-\n¬- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- {]-tXy-Im-\p-a-
Xn-bp-≠v.- `m-cy-am-cn¬- Nn-e¿- c-Iv-X-_-\v-
[-ap-≈- kv-{Xo-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- kq-Nn-I- Jp.-
(33)- 50''- (t]-Pv-:- 38).-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-(e)- A-º-Xv- h-b- -p-h-
sc- G-I] - X
- \v- o- {h-X°
- m-c\ - m-bn-cp-s∂-∂pw-
A-Xn-\p-ti-j-am-Wv- _-lp-`m-cy-Xzw- kzo-
I-cn-®-sX-∂pw- {K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- k-Ω-Xn-°p-
∂p.- "hm¿-[-Iy-Im-e-Øv- [m-cm-fw- kv-{Xo-
I-sf-- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-®p'- F-∂v- ]-db - p-tºmƒ-
A-Xn¬-\n-∂p-X-s∂- B- hn-hm-l-߃-
ssew-Kn-Im-`n-\n-th-iw- a - q-ea- m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂v-
kv-]-jv-S-a-m-W-t√m.-
{K-\Y v- I- m-c≥- kq-Nn-∏n-®,- Jp¿-B\ - n-se-
33˛mw- A-[ym-b-Øn-se- 50˛mw- kq-Iv-X-Øn-
s≥d A¿-Y-w- Im-Wp-I-:-
""\_n-tb,- \o- hn-hm-l-aq-ey-w- sIm-Sp-
Øn-´p-≈-Xm-b- \-n-s≥-d- `m-cy-am-sc- \-n-\-°v-

1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´- A-tX-\n-e-°v- h-≈n-]p-≈n-

hyXym-ka - n-√m-sX- \n-e\ - n¬-°p-∂p- F-∂X - p-Xs
- ∂- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B\n
s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X-bpw- a-ln-a-bpw- hn-fn-t®m-Xp-∂p.- tem-Im-¥yw-h-sc-
k¿-hi - I
- vX
- s- ≥-d- Zr-jvS- m-¥a
- m-bn- A-Xv- \n-e\- n¬-°pw.- bp-K∏- I
- ¿-®sb-
A-Xv- A-Xn-Po-hn-°pw.- im-kv{- X-Øn-s≥-d- hn-Im-k- ]-cn-Wm-aß - ƒ- AXn-
s≥-d- A-a-m-\p-jn-I-X-°v- H-cp- t]m-d-epw- C-t∂-h-sc- h-cp-Øn-bn-´n-√;-
h-cp-Øp-I-bp-an-√.-

\n-s≥-d- ku-µ-cy-Øn-\v- am-‰p-Iq-´p-I-bpw-
Kmw-`o-cyw- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂p- F-
∂-Xm-Wv- bm-Ym¿-Yyw.- t{im-Xm-°f - p-sS- a\-
 n-¬- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-Xn-tb-≠- Im-cy-w- {]-kw-
K-I¿- B-h¿-Øn-®v- ]-d-bm-dp-≈-Xp-t]m-se-
Iq-Sp-X¬- {i-≤] - X- n-tb-≠- Im-cy-߃- Jp¿-
B≥- B-h¿-Øn-®v- ]-db - p-∂p- F-∂p-am-{Xw.-
P-\-ß-sf- k-Xy-Øn-te-°pw- [m¿an-I- Po-
hn-X-Øn-te-°pw- \-bn-t°-≠- H-cp- {K-\v-Y-
sa-∂- \n-e-°v- C-Ø-cw- B-h¿-Ø-\-߃-
A-\n-hm-cy-hpw- D-Ø-a-hp-am-sW-t∂- tZm-
ssj-I-Zr-°p-I-f-√m-Ø-h¿- a-\- n-em-°q.-
"Zn-hy-{K-\v-Y-Øn-s≥-d-- a-ln-a- Dƒ-s°m-
≈p- ∂ n- √ F- ∂ m- W v - ]- W v - U n- X - a- X w- ' -
Fs∂-gp-Xn-b- {K-\vY - I- m-c≥- A-ßs - \- ]d-
™- ]-WvU - n-X∑- m¿- B-scm-s°- F-∂v- ]d-
bp-∂n-√.- C-Ø-cw- H-gp-°≥-a-´n-ep-≈- B-
tcm-]W- ß- ƒ- B¿-°pw- B¿-s°-Xn-sc-bpw-
F-¥n-s\-Xn-sc-bpw- \n¿-`-bw- D-∂-bn-°m≥-
I-gn-bpw.-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿-°v- ssZ-hw- A-h-X-cn-∏n-
sX- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p- F-∂-Xp-X-s∂- hn-
ip-≤- Jp¿-B\n-s≥-d- ssZ-hn-I-X-bpw- a-ln-
a-bpw- hn-fn-t®m-Xp-∂p.- tem-Im-¥yw-h-sc-
k¿-h-i-Iv-X-s≥-d- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-am-bn- A-Xv- \n-
e-\n¬-°pw.- bp-K-∏-I¿-®-sb- A-Xv- A-Xn-
Po-hn-°pw.- im-kv-{X-Øn-s≥-d- hn-Im-k- ]-
cn-Wm-aß - ƒ- A-Xn-s≥-d- A-am- \ - p-jn-IX - °
- v-
H-cp- t]m-d-epw- C-t∂-h-sc- h-cp-Øn-bn-´n-√;-
h-cp-Øp-I-bp-an-√.-
{]-hm-N-I-\pw- hn-hm-l-ß-fp-w-
{K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""ap-l-Ω-Zv-
hm¿-[I - y-Im-eØ- v- [m-cm-fw- kv{- Xo-Is
- f- hn-
hm-lw- I-gn-®p.- X-s∂-°mƒ-- 15 h-b- v- {]m-
b-°q-Sp-X-ep-≈- B-Zy-`m-cy- J-Zo-Pbv-°v-
]pd-sa- ku-Z,- B-bn-j- (9 h-b- v)-,- l-^v-
k,- ssk-\-_,- D-Ωp-k¬-a,- a-s‰m-cp- ssk-
\-_,- Pp-th-dn-b,- dw-e,- k-^n-b,- ssa-aq-\,-
am-cn-bØ- v- F-∂o- kv{- Xo-Is- f-bpw- A-t±lw-
50 h-b- -n-\p-ti-jw- ]-e- L-´-ß-fn-em-bn-
hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-Xp.- C-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- A-Sn-a-
I-fm-b- sh-∏m-´n-am-sc-bpw- c-Iv-X-_-\v-[-ap-
\mw- A-\p-h-Zn-®p-X-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-√m-lp-
\n-\-°v- (bp-≤-Øn¬)- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-
Ø-∂- Iq-´-Øn¬- \n-s≥-d- h-e-Xp-ssI- D-
S-a-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- (A-Sn-a)- kv-{Xo-I-sf-bpw- \n-
t∂m-sSm∏w- kz-tZ-iw- hn-´p-t]m-∂-h-cm-b-
\n-s≥-d- ]n-Xr-hy-s≥-d- ]p-{Xn-am¿,- \n-s≥-d-
]n-Xr-kt- lm-Zc - n-am-cp-sS- ]p-{Xn-am¿,- \n-s≥d-
A-Ωm-h-s≥-d- ]p-{Xn-am¿,- \n-s≥-d- am-Xr-k-
tlm-Z-cn-am-cp-sS- ]p-{Xn-am¿- F-∂n-h-sc-bpw-
(hn-hm-lw- sN-øm≥- A-\p-hZ- n-®n-cn-°p-∂p).-
k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-\n-bm-b- H-cp- kv-{Xo- kz-tZ-
lw- \-_n-°v- Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂-]-£w- \-_n-
A-h-sf- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°p-hm-\p-t±-in-°p-
s∂-¶n¬- A-Xpw- (A-\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p).-
C-Xv- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-sf- Iq-Sm-sX- \n-\-
°v- am-{X-am-bp-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. A-h-cp-sS- `m-
cy-a-m-cp-sS-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- h-e-X-p-ssI-Iƒ-
D-S-a-s∏-SpØn-b-h-cp-sS-bpw- Im-cy-Øn¬-
\mw- \n-b-a-am-bn- \n-iv-N-bn-®n-´p-≈-Xv- \-ap-
°-dn-bmw.- \n-\-°v- bm-sXm-cp- hn-j-a-hpw-
D-≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥- th-≠-b-s{X- C-Xv.- A-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
√m-lp- G-sd- s]m-dp-°p-∂-h-\pw- I-cp-Wm-
\n-[n-bp-am-Ip-∂p''.--
\-_n-(e)-°v- hn-hm-lw- sN-øm≥- A-\p-
h-Zn-°s - ∏-´- kv{- Xo-Iƒ- G-sXm-s°-bm-sW-
∂v- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- Cu- h-N-\w.- \mev-
hn-`m-K-am-W-h¿-.- 1.- a-lv-¿- sIm-Sp-Øv- hnhm-
lw- sN-bX v- - \n-eh- n-ep-≈- `m-cy-am¿.- 2.-bp≤-
Øn¬- i-{Xp-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂v- ssI-h-iw- h-
∂,-- \-_n-(e)-bp-sS- D-S-a-kv-Y-X-bn-ep-≈- A-
Sn-a- kv{- Xo-Iƒ.- 3.- ]n-Xr-hy≥,- ]n-Xr-kt- lm-
Z-cn,- A-Ωm-h≥,- am-Xr-k-tlm-Z-cn F-∂n-
h-cp-sS- s]¨-a-°-fn¬- \-_n-(e)-bp-sS- Iq-
sS- a-Zo-\-bn-te-°v- ]-e-m-b-\w- sN-bv-X-h¿.-
4.- k-Xy-hn-izm-kw- kzo-Icn-®- kv{- Xo-If - n¬-
B-sc-¶n-epw- \-_n-°v- X-s≥-d- tZ-l-sØ-
Zm\-am-°p-I-bpw- \-_n- A-h-sc- hn-hm-lw-
I-gn-°m≥- D-t±-in-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-]-Iv-
jw- A-Ø-cw- kv-{Xo-Iƒ.-
A-I-∂- Ip-Spw-_-_-\v-[-ap-≈- kv-{Xo-
A-I-∂- Ip-Spw-_-_-\v-[-ap-≈- kv-{Xo-I-sf-t∏-m-epw- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°m-
Ø-h-cpw- k-tlm-Z-co- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cp-sS- a-°-sf-t]m-epw- hn-hm-lw-
sNøp-∂-h-cpw- Nn-e- a-X-hn-`m-K-߃-°n-S-bn-ep-≠v.- F-∂m¬- C-kv-emw-
C-Xn-\v- c-≠n-\p-an-S-bn-ep-f-f- H-cp- \n-e-]m-Sv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p.
I-sf-t∏-m-epw- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°m-Ø-h-cpw-
k-tlm-Zc - o- k-tlm-Zc - ∑- m-cp-sS- a-°s - f-t]m-
epw- hn-hm-lw- sN-øp-∂-h-cpw- Nn-e- a-X-hn-
`m-Kß- ƒ-°n-Sb - n-ep-≠v.- F-∂m¬- C-kve - mw-
C-Xn-\v- c-≠n-\p-an-S-bn-ep-f-f- H-cp- \n-e-]m-Sv-
Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂p.- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS- k-
tlm-Z-c- k-tlm-Z-cn-am-sc- hn-hm-l-_-\v-[w-
]m-Sn-√m-Ø- A-Sp-Ø- _-\v-[p-°-fm-bpw- A-
h-cp-sS- a-°-sf-bpw- A-h-sc-°mƒ- A-I-∂-
_-\v-[p-°-sf-bpw- hn-hm-l-_-\v-[-Øn¬-
G¿-s∏-Sm-hp-∂- _-\v[ - p-°f - m-bpw- C-kve - mw-
]-cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d-tbm- ]n-Xm-
hn-s≥-dt- bm- _-\[ v- Ø
- n-ep-≈- kv{- Xo-If - n¬-
B-sc-sb-¶n-epw- \-_n-(e)- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-
°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬- A-Xv- C-kv-em-an-\p-th-
≠n- tZ-iX - ym-Kw- sN-bvX - h
- s- c- am-{X-sa- B-
Im-hq- F-∂v- \-tS- kq-Nn-∏n-®- Jp¿-B≥-
kq-IvX- w- F-Sp-Øp-]d - b - p-∂- Im-cyw- {]-tXy-
Iw- {]-kv-Xm-hy-am-Wv.- "c-Iv-X-_-\v-[-ap-≈-
kv-{Xo-I-sf-bpw- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥- Jp¿-B-
\n¬- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- {]-tXy-Im-\p-a-Xn-bp-
≠-v'- F-∂- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-s≥-d- ]-cm-a¿-iw- cIv-
X-_-\v-[-ap-≈- G-sXm-cp- kv-{Xo-sb-bpw-
Cjv-Sm-\p-k-c-Ww- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m≥- \-_n-
°v- A-\p-a-Xn-bp-≠v- F-∂- sX-‰n-≤m-c-W--
h-f¿-Øm-\m-sW-∂v- kw-i-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-
°p-∂p.- A-ß-s\-b-√ F-∂v- {]-kv-Xp-X-
kqIv-X-Øn¬-\n-∂p-X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-Wp-
Xm-\pw.-
A-Sn-a-Ø- hy-h-kv-Y- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂-
Im-e-Øm-Wv- \-_n-(e)- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.-
Cu-b-Sp-Ø-Im-e-Øm-Wv- tem-I-sØ- ]-e-
cm-jv{- S-ßf - n-epw- A-Sn-aØ
- w- \n-tcm-[n-®s - X-
∂pw- C-∂pw- A-Xv- a-s‰m-cp- cq-]-Øn¬- ]e-
cm-Py-ß-fn-epw- \n-e-hn-ep-s≠-∂pw- \-ap-°-
dn-bmw.- bp-≤Ø - n¬- ]n-Sn-°s - ∏-´n-cp-∂- apkv-
enw-I-sf- i-{Xp-°ƒ- A-Sn-a-I-fm-°n-bn-cp-
∂p.- N-cn-{Xw- B-h¿-Øn-°-s∏-Sm-\pw- km
[y- X - b p- ≠ - t √m.- A- X p- s Im- ≠ p- X - s ∂-
Ckvemw- A-Sn-a-Øw- ]q¿-W-am-bpw- \n-tcm-
[n-®n-´n-√.-At- X-ka - bw- A-Sn-aØ - Ø - n-\p-ff -
{]th-i-\-am¿-K-ß-sf-√mw- A-Xv- sIm-´n-b-
S-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-Sn-aI - f- p-sS- hn-tam-N\ - Ø- n-
\p-≈- k-I-e- hm-Xm-b-\-ß-fpw- A-Xv- ae¿-
s°- Xp-d-∂n-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.-
A-Sn-a- kv-{Xo-I-sf- btY-jv-Sw- D-]-tbm-
Kn-°p-I-bpw- A-h-sc- Zp¿-hr-Øn-°v- t{]-cn-
∏n-®v- em-`-ap-≠m-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-
Im-e-L-´-Øn¬- A-h-sc- a-\p-jy-cm-bn-
ImWp-hm-\pw- A-h-sc- Zp¿-hr-Øn-°v- t{]-
cn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\pw- A-h-cp-sS- A-Sn-kv-
Ym-\-m-h-iy-߃- \n-d-th-‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-hm-
\pw- C-kv-emw- I¬-]n-®p.- C-kv-em-an-I-
ho£-W-Øn¬- b-P-am-\-s≥-d- Ip-™n-s\-
{]-kh - n-°p-∂t- Xm-sS- A-Sn-ak - {v- Xo-°v- IqSp-
X¬- A-h-Im-i-߃- e-`n-°p-∂p.- A-hƒ-
]n-∂o-Sv- ssI-am-‰w- sN-ø-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-h-f-√.-
A-hfp-sS- B- Ip-´n-Iƒ-°v- b-P-am-\-s≥-d-
a-‰v- a-°ƒ-°p-≈- A-hI - m-iß - s - f-√mw- e`n-
°p- I - b pw- sN- ø pw.- b- P - a m- \ - s ≥- d - a- c -
WtØm-sS- Ahƒ- kz-X-{¥-bm-hp-I-bpw-
19
sN-øpw.-
A-Sn-a-kv-{X-o-I-fm-b- sh-∏m-´n-am-sc- D-]-
tbm-Kn-°m≥- A-\p-a-Xn-bp-s≠-∂v- hna¿-i-
\m-Xva- I
- a
- m-bn- ]-db
- p-tºmƒ- A-Sn-aØ - Ø - n-
s≥-d- hn-Im-k- ]-cn-Wm-a-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- XI
¿-®-bp-sS-bpw- N-cn-{Xw- ]-Tn-t°-≠-Xp-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p.- h¿-Wm{i-a- hy-h-kv-Y- a-X-Øn-
s≥-d- t]-cn-ep-≈- H-cp-Xc - w- A-Sn-aØ
- a - m-sW-
∂pw- tZ-h-Zm-kn- k-{º-Zm-bw-t]m-ep-≈- Zp-
jn-®- B-Nm-c-߃- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂-Xpw- a-
X-Øn-s≥-d- ]-cn-th-j-a-Wn-™m-sW-∂pw-
\mw- a-\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- (e)-
am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-\-s√-∂v-!-
{K-\v-Y-I-m-c≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""B-[p-\n-I-
a-\pjy-s≥-d- `u-Xn-Ih - pw- B-[ym-Xa v- n-Ih - pw-
kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-hp-am-b- hn-I-m-k-ß-fp-sS
sh-fn-®-Øn¬- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d- Po-hn-Xw- am-
Xr-I-bm-°¬- `w-Kn-bm-bn- tXm-∂p-∂n-√''-
(t]-Pv-:- 38,-39).-
h-√m-sØm-cp- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-b- hn-e-
bn-cpج-!- h¿-K-˛h¿-W- sh-dn-b-∑m-cp-sS-
bpw- a-X-˛ Pm-Xn- tIm-a-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A[n-
Im-c-°-tk-c-bn-se-Øm≥- F-¥v- ss]-im-
Nn-I-hr-Øn-°pw- Xp-\n-bp-∂- t\-Xm-°-fp-
sS-bpw- B-[ym-Xv-an-I-X-bp-sS- a-d-hn¬-
ssewKn-I- Nq-jW - h - pw- am-^n-bm- {]-h¿Ø-
\-hpw- \-S-Øp-∂- Zn-hy-∑m-cp-sS-bpw- im-kv
{Xo-b- I-≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-߃- a-\p-jy-cm-in-bp-
sS- hn-\m-i-Øn-\m-bn- D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- `c-
Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS-bpw- A-Xn-\p-th-≠-
HØm-i-Iƒ- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂- im-kv-
{X-Pv-R-cp-sS-bpw- hn-f-\n-e-am-b- B[p-\n-I-
tem-Iw-;- sIm-e,- sIm-≈,- tam-j-Ww,- hy`n-
Nm-cw,- a-Zy-]m-\w,- A-gn-a-Xn,- ssI-°q-en,-
hn-izm-k-h-©-\,- ]-c-Zq-j-Ww,- G-j-Wn,-
Im-cp-Wy-an-√m-bva - ,- hn-\b - c
- m-ln-Xyw,- A-l-
¶m-cw- Xp-S-ßn- k-I-e- Xn-∑-I-sf-bpw- s\-
t©-‰n-\-S-°p-∂- B-[p-\n-I- tem-Iw-;- C-Xn-
s\√m-w- Nq-´p-]n-Sn-°p-∂- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-tb-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
amXr-Im-tbm-Ky-\m-hq- F-¶n¬- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-
_n-(e)-am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-\√ - .- F-∂m¬- kI-
e-hn-[- am\p-jn-I- Kp-W-ß-fpw- H-Øp-tN¿-
∂,- \-∑-bp-sS- Bƒ-cq-]-am-b,-- k-I-e-hn-[-
Xn-∑-Iƒ-°p-sa-Xn-sc- i-_v-Z-n-®-,- Nq-j-W-
ap-Iv-X-am-b- b-Ym¿-Y-- B-[ym-Xv-an-I-X-bp-sS-
h-IvX
- m-hm-b- ap-lΩ - Z- v\ - n-(e)- tem-IØn-
- _
s≥-d- ap-ºn¬- H-cp- hn-kv-a-b-am-Wv.- B-Z¿-
i-sØ- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- \q-dp-i-X-am-\w- {]m-
h¿-Øn-I-am-°n-b- am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-\m-b- a-
t‰-sXm-cp- a-lm-s\-bm-Wv- hn-a¿-i-I\v- Nq-
≠n-°m-Wn-°p-hm≥- I-gn-bp-I?-- ssa-°¬-
F-®v.- lm¿-´v- F-∂- A-ap-kv-enw- Nn-¥-I≥-
tem-Iw- I-≠- \q-dv- a-lm-∑m-sc- sX-c-s™-
Sp-Øt- ∏mƒ- A-Xn¬- H-∂mw- kvY - m-\w- \¬-
In-b-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-°m-sW-∂- h-kv-Xp
X- hn-a¿-i-I≥- Im-Wm-sX-t]m-b-Xm-bn-cn-
°n-√.- tem-I- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- kzm-[o-\w- sN-
ep-Øn-b- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- a-lm-\m-bn- apl-
ssa-°¬- F-®v.- lm¿-´v- F-∂- A-ap-kv-enw- Nn-¥-I≥- tem-Iw- I-≠-
\qdv- a-lm-∑m-sc- sX-c-s™-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ- A-Xn¬- H-∂mw- kv-Ym-\w- \¬
In-b-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-°m-sW-∂- h-kv-XpX- hn-a¿-i-I≥- Im-Wm-sX-
t]m-b-Xm-bn-cn-°n-√.- tem-I-N-cn-{X-Øn¬- kzm-[o-\w- sN-ep-Øn-b- G-
‰-hpw- h-en-b- a-lm-\m-bn- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n-(e)- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sm\p-
≠m-b- Im-c-W-sa-s¥-∂v- ]-Tn-°m≥- {K\v-Y-Im-c-t\m-Sv- hn-\-b-]p-c- cw-
B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.-
Ω-Zv\
- _- n-(e)- sX-cs- ™-Sp-°s - ∏-Sm-\p-≠m-
b- Im-c-W-sa-s¥-∂v- ]-Tn-°m≥- {K\v-Y-Im-
c-t\m-Sv- hn-\-b-]p-c- -cw- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-
bm-Wv.-
i-co-A-Øpw- t`-Z-K-Xn-bpw-
{K-\vY
- I
- m-c≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""Jp¿˛-B\ - n-
se- B-b-Øp-Iƒ- k-\m-X-\- \n-b-a-am-sW-
∂v- ap-…o-ß-ƒ- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠-¶n-
epw- A-Xn-se- kq-Iv-X-߃- A-\p-k-cn-®v-
D-≠m-°n-b- i-co-˛A-Øv- \n-b-a-ß-fn¬- ap-
…o-w-cmjv-{S-߃- ]-e-Xpw- am-‰w-h-cp-Øn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°-p-I-bm-Wv.- ap-…o-ß-fp-sS- C-
S-bn-se- _-lp-`-m-cy-Xz-hpw- H-tc- C-cn-∏n¬-
aq-∂v- X-em-°v- sNm-√n-bp-≈- hn-hm-l-tam-
N-\-hpw- Xp¿-°n-bn¬- 1917epw- Cu-Pn-]v-
Xn¬- 1920epw......- ]m-°n-kvY
- m-\n¬- 1961epw-
\n-b-a-hn-cp-≤-am-°p-I-bpw- I¿-i-\-am-bn- \n-
b-{¥n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-´p-≠v.- Im-e-Øn-
s≥-d- {]-hm-l-Øn¬- H-en-®n-d-ßn-t∏m-b-
aen-\-P-e-sØ- Xn-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥- {i-
an-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv- C-∂-sØ- C-…m-an-I- aX-
au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ.- ap-…o-w- hy-Iv-Xn- \n-b-a-
ß-tfm-Sp-≈- {]-Xn-tj-[w- tem-IØ - n-se-√m-
bn-S-Øpw- h¿-≤-am-\-am-b- co-Xn-bn¬- ap…o-
-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-X-s∂- {]-tXy-In-®v- kv{Xo-I-
fn¬- \n-∂v- D-b¿-∂p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-
bm-Wv''- (t]-Pv-:- 41,-42).-
C-kve- m-an-I- i-co-AØ - n-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈-
A-Pv-R-X-bpw- A-Xn-t\m-Sp-≈- A-S-ßm-Ø-
A-cn-i-hp-am-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-Sp-Ø- D-≤-
c-Wn-bn¬- \n-g-en-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv.-
i-co-A-Øn-s≥-d- G-‰-hpw- {]m-am-Wn-I-
am-b- B-[m-c-hpw- D-d-hn-S-hpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-
B-\m-Wv.- ssZ-h-t{]m-Iv-X-am-b- \n-c-h-[n-
ico-A-Øp-I-fp-sS- A-¥n-a- cq-]-am-W-Xv.-
AXn-\m¬- ap≥-{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿-°v- A-h-X-
cn-°-s∏-´- i-co-A-Øp-I-fn-se- Nn-e- `m-K-
߃- Nn-e- t`-Z-K-Xn-I-tfm-sS- Jp¿-B≥-
kzo-I-cn-®-Xm-bn- Im-Wmw.- Jp¿B≥- I-gn-
™m¬- i-co-A-Øn-s≥-d- G-‰-hpw- {]-_-e-
am-b- B-[m-cw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS- kp∂-
Øm-Wv.- A-t±-lw- {]-h¿-Øn-®-Xpw- {]-kv-
Xm-hn-®-Xpw- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- km-∂n-[y-
Øn-tem- A-dn-thm-sS-tbm- \-S∂ - - H-cp- {]hr-
Øn-bn¬- A-t±-lw- hn-tcm-[-tam- A-Xr-]v-
Xn-tbm- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°m-sX- au-\m-\p-hm-Zw-
sIm-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn- kv-Yn-co-I-cn-°-s∏-´-tXm-
B-b- Im-cy-߃-s°-√m-am-Wv- s]mXp-hm-
bn- kp-∂-Øv- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- Jp¿-B-
\n-s≥-d- Xm¬-]-cy-߃- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-I-
bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d- km-£m¬- hn-h£ - - a-\ n-
em-°n-s°-m-Sp-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d- \n¿-tZ-
i-߃-°v- {]m-tbm-Kn-Ic - q-]w- \¬-Ip-Ib - pw-
sN-bv-X- Im-cy-ß-fm-Wv- kp-∂-Øv.-
C-Pv-am-Av,- Jn-bm-kv- F-∂n-h-bp-w- i-c-o-
A-Øn-s≥-d- aq-e-{]-am-W-߃- F-∂- \n-e-
°v- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´-h-bm-Wv.-
G-sX-¶n-epw- H-cp- Im-cy-sØ- kw-_-
\v[
- n-®v- Jp¿-B\
- n-tem- kp-∂Ø - n-tem- JWv-
Un-X-am-b- H-cp- hn-[n- {]-Xy-£-Øn¬- Im-
20
Wm-Xn-cn-°p-tºmƒ,- B- Im-cy-sØ-°p-dn-
®v- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- Im-e-L-´-Øn-se- C-kv-
em-an-I- \n-b-a-ß-fn¬- A-h-Km-lw- t\-Sn-
b- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- \-S-Øn-b- \n-co-£-W-
Øn-s≥-d- ^-e-am-bn- A-h-cn¬- G-tIm-]n-
X-am-b- A-`n-{]m-bw- B- Im-cy-sØ- kw_-
\-v-[n-®p-≠m-bm¬- A-Xm-Wv- "C-Pv-am-Av'-.-
G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cp- Im-cy-sØ- kw-_-\v-
[n-®v- t\-cn-´v,- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- Jp-¿-B-\n-tem-
kp-∂-Øn-tem- ]-d-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬- A-h-
c≠n-s≥-d-bpw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬-X-s∂-
bp-IvX- n-bp-sS-bpw- \y-mb- Ø- n-s≥-db- pw- ASn-
kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- a-\- n-em-°n- Xo-cp-am-\-sa-
Sp-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- "Jn-bm-kv'-.-
ico-AØ- n¬- t\-cn-´p-Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bm-
Ø-Xpw- ]p-Xp-Xm-bp-≠m-hp-∂X - p-am-b- hyh-
l-m-c-ß-sf-°p-dn-®v- ssZ-hn-I- \n-b-a-ß-fp-
sS- s]m-Xp-hn-[n-I-sf- B-[m-c-am-°n- \n-b-
a-hym-Jym-\ß - ƒ- \-SØ - p-∂X- n-\v- C-kve
- mw-
A-\p-a-Xn- \¬-Ip-∂p.- C-ß-s\- B-h-iym-
\p-k-c-Ww- th-≠p-∂- Im-cy-߃- sN-øm-
\p-≈- ]-gp-Xv- C-kv-emw- A-\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p- F-∂-Xn-\m¬- C-kv-em-an-I- i-co-A-Øv-
hy-h-kv-Y- hn-I-kz-c-hpw- N-e-\m-Xv-a-I-hp-am-
sW-∂- h-kX v- p-X- hn-a¿-iI
- ¿- ]-cn-KW- n-°m-
dn-√.-
i-co-A-Øn¬- t`-Z-K-Xn- h-cp-Øn- ]p-Xn-
b- \n-b-a-߃- \n¿-an-°p-hm-t\m- D-≈-Xn¬-
h-√-Xpw- H-gn-hm-°p-hm-t\m- C-kv-emw- H-cn-
°-epw- A-\p-hZ- n-°p-∂n-√.- H-‰b - n-cp-∏n¬- aq-
∂v- Xz-em-Jpw- sNm-√¬- C-kv-emw- A-\p-h-
Zn-°p-∂-X-√.- A-ß-s\- sN-øp-∂- B-fp-I-
fp-≈- cm-Py-߃- A-Xv- \n-tcm-[n-®n-´p-s≠-
¶n¬- A-Xv- i-co-A-Øn¬- t`-Z-K-Xn- h-cp-
Ø-e-√,- a-dn-®v- i-co-A-Øv- \-S-∏m-°-em-Wv.-
F-∂m¬- _-lp-`m-cy-Xzw- C-kv-emw- A-\p-
h-Zn-°p-∂- Im-cy-am-Wv.- G-sX-¶n-epw- ap-kv-
enw- `q-cn-]-£- cm-Py-Øv- A-Xv- \n-b-a-hn-cp-
≤-am-°n-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬,- i-co-A-Øv- A\p-
imkn-°p-∂- a-t‰-sX-¶n-epw- Im-cy-߃-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
hn-e-°n-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬- A-Xv- am-Xr-I-bm-
°m≥- a-‰p-≈-h¿- _m-[y-kv-Y-c-√.- Xp¿-°n-
bn¬- I-am¬- A-Ø-m-Xp¿-°v- _-lp-`m-cy-
Xz-hpw- ap-Øz-em-Jpw- a-m-{X-a-√- hn-e-°n-b-
Xv.- C-kv-em-an-I- hy-h-kv-Y-sb- ap-gp-h≥- A-
bmƒ- ]n-®n-No-¥p-I-bpw- ]miv-Nm-Xy- Pohn-
X- k-{º-Zm-bw- A-Sn-ap-Sn- \-S-∏m-°p-I-bp-
am-Wv- 1926˛¬- A-bmƒ- sN-bv-X-Xv.- tkz-
Om[n-]-Xn-I-fm-b- ]-´m-f-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-
tfm- ]m-iv-Nm-Xy- {`-aw- _m-[n-®- `-c-Wm-[n-
Im-cn-I-tf-m- A-h-cp-sS- \m-Sp-I-fn¬- i-co-A-
Øn¬- t`-ZK - X
- n- h-cp-Øn-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬- A-
X-h-cp-sS- Im-cyw.- C-kv-e-m-an-\v- A-Xn¬- ]-
¶n-√.- H-cp- \n-b-aw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n-\pw-
\-_n-N-cy-°pw- F-Xn-cm-sW-¶n¬- A-Xv- B-
cv- \-S-∏n-em-°n-bm-epw- H-cp- b-Ym¿-Y-- ap-kv-
en-an\v- A-Xv- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√.-
"ap-kv-enw- hy-Iv-Xn- \n-b-a-ß-tfm-Sp-≈-
{]-Xn-tj-[w- tem-I-Øn-se-√m-bn-S-Øpw-
G-sX-¶n-epw- ap-kv-enw- \m-a-[m-cn-I-tfm- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-cp-≤-tcm- A-
h¿- cw-K-Øn-d-°p-∂- kv-{Xo-I-tfm- i-co-A-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- i-_v-Zn-°p-∂p-
s≠-¶n¬- ap-kv-enw-I-fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- {]-Xn-tj-[-am-bn- A-Xn-s\- Im-tW-
≠-Xn-√.- ap-k-venw- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- t]-cn¬- ap-X-e-°-Æo-scm-gp-°n- am[y-
a-ß-fp-sS- {i-≤- ]n-Sn-®p-]-‰m≥- {i-an-°p-∂- Nn-e-cp-sS- ap-X-se-Sp-∏v- X{¥-
߃- ap-kv-enw- kv{Xo-Iƒ- A¿-ln-°p-∂- A-h-Pv-R-tbm-sS- X-≈n-°-f-
™n-t´-bp-≈q.-
h¿-≤-am-\-am-b- co-Xn-bn¬- ap-kv-enw-I-fn¬-
\n-∂p-X-s∂- {]-tXy-In-®v- kv-{Xo-I-fn¬-\n-
∂v- D-b¿-∂p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv'-
F-∂- ]-cm-a¿-i-Øn¬- bm-sXm-cp- I-g-ºp-
an-√.- G-sX-¶n-epw- ap-kv-enw- \m-a-[m-cn-I-
tfm- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-cp-≤-tcm- A-h¿- cw-K-
Øn-d-°p-∂- kv-{Xo-I-tfm- i-co-A-Øn-s\-
Xn-sc- i-_v-Zn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬- ap-kv-enw-I-
fn¬-\n-∂p-≈- {]-Xn-tj-[-am-bn- A-Xn-s\-
Im-tW-≠X - n-√.- ap-kve- nw- kv{- Xo-If- p-sS- t]-
cn¬- ap-X-e-°-Æo-scm-gp-°n- am-[y-a-ß-fp-
sS- {i-≤- ]n-Sn-®p-]-‰m≥- {i-an-°p-∂- Nn-e-
cp-sS- ap-X-se-Sp-∏v- X-{¥-߃- ap-kv-enw-
kv{Xo-Iƒ- A¿-ln-°p-∂- A-hP - vR
- t- bm-sS-
X-≈n-°-f-™n-t´-bp-≈q.-
""Im-e-Øn-s≥-d- {]-hm-l-Øn¬- H-en-®n
d-ßn-t∏m-b- a-en-\P - e- s- Ø- Xn-cn-®p- ta-tem-
´p-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥- {i-an-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv- C-∂-
sØ- C-kv-em-an-I- a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ''-
F∂- {]-kv-Xm-h-\- A¬-]w- I-S-∂- I-øm-
bn-t∏m-bn- F-∂v- ]-d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- C-
kv-em-an-s≥-d- au-en-Im-Z¿-i-߃- ap-dp-sI-
]n-Sn-®v- Po-hn-°m-\m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv- ap-
kv-enw-Iƒ.- B- A¿-Y-Øn¬- A-h¿- a-X-
au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv.- Hmtcm- a-X-hn-izm-kn-
bpw- Cu- A¿-Y-]-cn-I¬-]-\-bn¬- Dƒ-s∏-
Sp-∂p- F-∂-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- C-kvemw-
A-Xn-s≥-d- B-Zn-a- ]-cn-ip-≤n-tbm-sS- \n-e-
hn¬- h-c-W-sa-∂m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv- ap-
kv-enw-Iƒ.- H-´-I- kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-s≥-d- D-S-
a-I-fm-b- a-cp-`q-hm-kn-I-sf- D-∂-X-am-b- am-
\-hkw-kv-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- D-S-a-I-fm-°n- am-‰n-b-
a-Xam-Wv- C-kve - mw.- A-Xn-s≥-d- \n-ba - ß
- ƒ-
a-\p-jy- {]-Ir-Xn-°-\p-tbm-Py-hpw- kmw-kv-
Im-cn-I- ]p-tcm-KXn-°v- A-\p-t]-£-Wo-b-
hp-am-Wv.- am-\h- n-IX
- s- °-Xn-cm-b- H-∂pw- A-
Xn¬- Im-Wp-hm≥- km-[y-a-√.- hw-i-Øn-
s≥d-bpw- h¿-W-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- `m-j-bp-sS-
bpw- tZ-i-Øns≥-d-bp-sam-s°- t]-cn-ep-≈-
A-ka - X- z-߃- D-∑q-e\ - w- sN-bX
v- - C-ke v- mw-
hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- a-lØ-zw- D-b¿-Øn-∏n-Sn-®p.-
B- a-l-Ø-z-Øn-\v- H-‰- am-\-Z-Wv-U-ta-bp-
≈q;-- B- hy-IvX
- n-bp-sS- [m¿-an-IX.- Cu- B-
i-bw- C-kv-emw- {]-tbm-K-Øn¬- hcp-Øn-
Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- B¿-
°pw- Cu- a-l-Ø-zw- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥- I-
gn-bp-sa-∂-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-s≥-d- k-hn-ti-j-X.-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""tl;- a-\p-jy-tc,- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- \n-ß-
sf- \mw H-cm-Wn¬-\n-∂pw- H-cp- s]-Æn¬-
\n-∂p-am-bn- kr-jv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-߃-
A-t\ym-\yw- A-dn-tb-≠-Xn-\v- \n-ß-sf-
\mw- hn-hn-[- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpw- tKm-{X-ß-
fpw- B-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- Xo¿-
®-bm-bpw- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- A-Sp-Øv- \n-ß-
fn¬- G-‰-hpw- B-Z-c-Wo-b≥- \n-ß-fn¬- G-
‰-hpw- [¿-a-\n-jv-T- ]m-en-°p-∂-h-\m-Ip-∂p.-
Xo¿-®b - m-bpw- A-√m-lp- k¿-hP - Rv- \
- pw- kq-
£v-a-Pv-Rm-\n-bp-am-Ip-∂p-''- (49:-13).-
C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- A-Xn-a-l-Øm-b- C-
kv-em-an-I- aq-ey-ß-sf- a-en-\-P-e-tØm-Spw-
21
B- aq-ey-ß-fn-te-°p-≈- Xn-cn-®p-t]m-°n-
s\- a-en-\P - e
- s
- Ø- Xn-cn-®p-ta-¬t]-m´- p-sIm-
≠p-hc - m-\p-≈- {i-aa
- m-bpw- D-]a
- n-°p-∂- {K\v-
Y-Im-c≥- ssl-µ-h- [¿-a-Øn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬-
A-`n-am-\w- sIm-≈p-∂p≠-v.- Ip-Spw-_-k-ta-
Xw- hm-bn-°m≥-]-‰m-Ø- H-cp- th-Z-{K-\v-Yw-
ap-ke v- nw-Iƒ-°n-√.- A-d∏ - pw- sh-dp-∏p-ap-fh
- m-
°p-∂- B-Nm-cm-\p-jv-Tm-\-ß-fpw- C-kv-em-
an-en-√.- F-∂n-´pw- a-en-\P - e
- s
- a-∂v- A-t±-lw-
D-]-an-°p-∂p!-
a-\p-kva
- r-Xn-bn-se- \n-ba - \
- n¿-tZ-iß
- ƒ-
\-S-∏n-em-°m≥- D-≈n¬- B-{K-lap-≈-h-cm-
Wv- kw-Lv- ]-cn-hm¿- {]-`r-Xn-Iƒ.- Nn-e- t\-
Xm-°ƒ- h-√-t∏m-gpw- A-Xv- Xp-d-∂v- ]-d-bm-
dp-≠v.-
{_m-lv-a-W¿- ssZ-h-Xp-ey-\pw- \n¿-_-
\v-[-\-am-bpw- A-\p-k-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-cp-am-
Wv (a-\p-kv-ar-Xn- 9:-317).- th-Z-߃- ]-Tn-°p-
hm-t\m- kz-Øv- kºm-Zn-°p-hm-t\m- D-≈-
A-[n-Im-cw- iq-{Z-\v- C-√(a-\p- 10:-125).- h√-
Im-c-W-h-im-epw- iq-{Z-s≥-d- ssI-h-iw- kz-
Øv- h-∂p-s]-´m¬- A-Xv- ]n-Sn-s®-Sp-Øv-
k¥-am-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-iw- {_m-lv-a-W-
\p-≠v- (a-\p-:- 8:-417).- £-{Xn-b-s\- {_m-lv-a-
W¿- B-t£-]n-®m¬- A-º-Xv- ]-W-am-Wv-
]n-g.- {_m-lv-a-W-¿- iq-{Z-s\- B-t£-]n-
®m¬- ]-{¥-≠v- ]-Ww.- iq-{Z≥- {_m-lv-a-
W-s\- A-]-a-m-\n-®m¬- A-h-cp-sS- \m-hv- A-
dp-Øp-If - b
- W
- w- (a-\p- 8:-279).- C-Øc - Ø
- n¬-
a-\p-jy-sc- D-∂-X-cpw- Xm-gv-∂-h-cp-am-°n- hn-
`-Pn-°p-I-bpw- A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- A-k-a-Xz-
Øn-s≥-d- h-{I-tc-J- h-c-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-
∂- kv-ar-Xn-I-fp-sS- D-]m-k-I¿--- ,- a-\p-jy-sc-
a-\p-jy-cm-bn-°-m-Wp-∂,-- ku-lm¿Z-Øn-
s≥d-bpw- kv-t\-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- I-cp-W-bp-
sS-bpw- a-X-am-b- C-kv-em-an-s\- a-en-\-P-e-
am-bn- hym-Jym-\n-°p-∂-Xv- kz-¥w- I-Æn¬-
tIm-en-cn-s°- A-\y-s≥-d- I-Æn-se- I-c-Sv-
Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- Xp-ey-a-t√?- a-Zy-
]q-P-bpw- enw-K-]q-P-bpw- (in-h-e-nw-K-Øn-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
s≥d- a-l-Ø-z-sØ-bpw- A-km-am-\y-am-b-
B-Im-c-sØ-bpw- Ip-dn-®p-≈- \n-c-h[n- I-
Y-Iƒ- ]p-cm-W-ß-fn-ep-≠v).- A-«o-e- a-{¥-
ß-fm¬- ap-J-cn-X-am-b- A-¥-co-£-Øn¬-
]-´-a-ln-jn- N-Ø-Ip-Xn-cbp-am-bn- ssew-Kn-
I-th-gv-N-bn¬- G¿-s]-Sp-∂- A-iz-ta-[-bm-
K-hpw- X¬-kv-Ym-\-Øv- ]p-cp-j-s\- {]-Xn-
jv-Tn-®p-sIm-≠v- \-S-Øp-∂- ]p-cp-j-ta-[-bm-
K-hpw- C-hn-sS- F-Sp-sØ-gp-Xm≥- km-[n-°m-
Ø-{X- tæ-Oa - m-b- B-Nm-cm-\p-jT v- m-\ß - f- pw-
\n¿-tZ-in-°p-∂- {K-Ÿß - f - p-sS- A-\p-bm-bn-
sb-∂v- A-`n-am-\] - q¿-hw- A-hI - m-is - ∏-Sp-∂-
H-cmƒ-°v,-- k-am-\-am-b- H-cp- B-Nm-cw-t]m-
ep-an-√m-Ø- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- \n-b-a-kw-ln-
X-Is - f- a-en-\P - e
- s- a-∂v- ]-db- m≥- F-¥v- A-
h-Im-iam-Wp-≈-Xv?-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- A-{I-an-°-s∏-Sn-t√?-
C-ke v- m-an-I- N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®p-≈- A-
P-vR
- X - - sh-fn-hm-°n-s°m-≠v- {K-\vY - I- m-c≥-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc- D-]-{Z-hn-°m≥- km-[m-c-W- a-\p-jy¿-°m-hn-s√-∂pw-
A-km-[m-c-W- a-\p-jy¿-°m-hp-sa-∂pw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- ]-d-bp-∂p-t]m¬!-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p- Fs∂-gp-Xm-Xn-cp-∂Xv- `m-Kyw.- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°n-S-
bn¬- A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- hm-Z-ap-≈-Xm-bn- tI-´n-´n-√.- B¿-s°-¶n-epw- B-
hn-izm-k-ap-s≠-¶n¬-X-s∂- A-Xv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿B-\n-s\-Xn-cm-Wv.-
F-gp-Xp-∂p-:-
""ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- {]-h-m-N-I-s\- km-[m-
c-W- a-\p-jy¿-°v- D-]-{Z-hn-°m-t\m- Ip-cn-
in-te-‰n- h-[n-°m-t\m- km-[y-as - √-∂v- ap…o-
ß-ƒ- ]-db - p-∂p.- ]-s£ _-Z¿- bp-≤Ø - n¬-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bp-sS- ]-√v- FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ-
A-Sn-®p-sIm-gn-®p-I-f-™- kw-`-hw- C-Ø-
cp-WØ - n¬- H-cp- hn-tcm-[m-`m-ka - m-bn- {]hm-
N-I- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- In-S-°p-∂p-ap-≠v''- (t]-
Pv-:- 43).-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc- D-]-{Z-hn-°m≥- km-[m-
c-W- a-\p-jy¿-°m-hn-s√-∂pw- A-km-[m-c-
W- a-\p-jy¿-°m-hp-sa-∂pw- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-
]-d-bp-∂p-t]m¬-!- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-
Fs∂-gp-Xm-Xn-cp-∂Xv- `m-Kyw.- ap-ke v- nw-Iƒ-
°n-S-bn¬- A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- hm-Z-ap-≈-Xm-
bn- tI-´n-´n-√.- B¿-s°-¶n-epw- B- hn-izm-
k-ap-s≠-¶n¬-Xs - ∂- A-Xv- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿B-
\n-s\-Xn-cm-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-b-S-°-ap-≈-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- ]-e-hn-[-Øn¬- D-]-{Z-hn-°-
s∏-´-Xm-bpw- ]-e- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpw- i-{Xp-
°-fm¬- h-[n-°-s∏-´-Xm-bpw- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-
B≥- A-dn-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- D-
]-{Z-hn-°s - ∏-Sp-Ib
- n-s√-∂v- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-
t\m- \-_n-(e)-tbm- ]-d™ - n-´p-s≠-¶n¬- \-
_n-(e)-°v- ]-cp-t°-‰-Xn¬- hn-tcm-[m-`m-kw-
B-tcm-]n-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p.- _-Z¿- bp-≤-Øn-
e-√,- D-lv-Zv- bp-≤-Øn-em-Wv- A-t±-l-Øn-
\v- ]-cp-t°¬-°p-I-bpw- ]-√v- s]m-´p-I-bpw-
sN-bv-X-sX-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- hn-a¿-i-I≥- a-\-
 n-em-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-
"".......-AX- p-t]m-se-Xs - ∂- {In-kX
v- o-b- ]p-
tcm-ln-X-∑m-cp-sS- {_-lv-a-N-cy-sØ-bpw-
hym-P-{_-lv-a-Nm-cn-I-fm-bn- A-h¿- \-S-Øp-
∂- ssew-Kn-I- t]-°q-Øp-I-sf-bpw- Jp¿-
B≥- A-h-Pv-R-tbm-sS- ]-cn-l-kn-°p-∂p''-
(t]-Pv-:- 43).--
{_-lv-a-N-cyw- ]p-tcm-ln-X- kr-jv-Sn-bm-
sW-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- 57:-27˛¬- ]-d-bp-∂p-s≠-
∂-√m-sX- A-h-sc- A-h-Pv-R-tbm-sS- ]-cn-
l-kn-°p-∂n-√.- "hym-P- {_-lv-a-Nm-cn-I-fm-
bn- A-h¿- \-S-Øp-∂- ssew-Kn-I- t]-°q-
Øp-I-sf-bpw- Jp¿-B≥- A-h-Pv-R-tbm-sS-
]-cn-l-kn-°p-∂p'- F-∂-Xv- hn-a¿-i-I-s≥-d-
kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv.- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B-\n¬- A-
ß-s\-sbm-cp- kq-IX v- w- Im-Wn-®p-Xc - m-≥ hn-
a¿-i-I-\v- I-gn-bp-tam?- hm-b-\-°m-cm-b- {In-
kvX- ym-\n-If - p-sS- a-\  - n¬- Jp¿-B\ - n-t\mSv-
sh-dp-∏v- h-f¿-Øm-\p-≈- {i-a-am-Wn-sX-∂v-
I-cp-Xn-bm¬- A-Xn¬- B-t£-]n-®n-´v- Im-
cy-an-√.-
""Jp¿˛-B≥,- P-\-X-sb- b-lq-Z¿,- {In-
kv-Xym-\n-Iƒ,- apin-cn-°p-Iƒ,- Im-^n-dp-
Iƒ,- ap-…o-߃- - F-∂n-ß-s\- A-©m-bn-
Xcw-Xn-cn-®n-´p-≠v''- F-∂- {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bpw-
Ahm-kX v- h
- a- m-Wv.- Jp¿-B≥- C-∏d - ™ - - hn-
`m-K-ß-sf-bpw- km-_n-D-Iƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-
sc-bpw-Ip-dn-®v- ]-ek - vY - m-\ß
- fm-bn- ]-cm-a¿-
in-®n-´p-s≠-∂-Xv- i-cn-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬- B-
fp-I-sf- C-ß-s\- A-©m-bn- h¿-Ko-I-cn-®n-
´n-√-;- A-Xv- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-s≥-d- `m-h-\- am-{X-
am-Wv.-
22
C-kv-em-apw- kv-{Xo-I-fpw-
hn-a¿-i-I≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""\n-ß-fp-sS-
kv-{Xo-Iƒ- \n-߃-°v- H-cp- Ir-jn-bn-S-am-
Ip-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- \n-ß-fp-sS- Ir-jn-kv-
Y-e-Øv- \n-߃- D-t±-in-®- {I-a-Øn¬- s]m-
bv-s°m-≈p-hn≥.- \-n-߃-°p-th-≠n- \n-
߃- ap≥-Iq-´n- X-øm-dm-Ip-hn≥''- (hn.-Jp.-
(2)- 223.-
Ir-jn-kv-Y-e-Øv- Ir-jn-°m-c≥- {]-th-
in-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se- ]p-cp-j-∑m¿- A-h-cp-
sS- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- A-Sp-Øv- ssew-Kn-I- \n-
hr-Øn-°v- s]m-bv-s°m-≈p-hm-\p-≈- A-\p-
a-Xn-bm-Wv- ta¬-kq-IvX - Ø- n¬- ]-db - p-∂X- v.-
`q-an-tbm-Sv- A-\p-hm-Zw- hm-ßn-b-√- Ir-jn-
\-SØ- m-dv.- A-Xp-t]m-se- kv{- Xo-bp-sS- Xm¬-
]-cy-hpw- ku-I-cy-hpw- ]-cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xn-
√.- am-{X-a-√,- B-b-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-km-\- `m-
Kw- Du-∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xv- \n-߃-°m-bn- \n-
߃- ap≥-Iq-´n- X-ø-m-dm-hm-\m-Wv.- A-h¿-
°p-th-≠n-b√ - .- kzm¿-∞a - √- m-sX- ]-cm¿-Yw-
Xo-sc- B- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-en-√-t√m.- ]p-cp-
j-s\- kr-jv-Sn-®- A-√m-lp-X-s∂-b-t√- kv-
{Xo-Is- f-bpw- kr-jS-v n-®s
- X-∂- kw-ib - w- C-hn
-sS- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p-≠v.- kv-{Xo- tI-h-ew-
D-]-t`m-K-h-kv-Xp-hm-sW-∂- k-ao-]-\-a-t√-
C-Xn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv?''- (t]-Pv- 58,- 59).-
`u-Xn-I-hmZn-I-fpw- a-‰p- C-kvemw-hn-a¿-
i-I-cpw- Cu- H-cp- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-X-Øn-
s≥-d- A-Sn-kvY - m-\Ø
- n¬- D-∂b - n-°p-∂- B-
tcm-]-W-ßfp-sS- X-\n-bm-h¿-Ø-\-am-Wv-
{io- cm-L-h≥- - sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- D-]-am-
e-¶m-cs - Ø-°p-dn-®v- km-am-\y- t_m-[a - p-≈-
h¿- C-Xn¬- kv-{Xo- ]o-U-\-Øn-s≥-d- bm-
sXm-cw-ih - pw- I-s≠-Øp-Ib - n-√.- Ir-jn-°m-
c-\pw- Ir-jn-kv-Y-e-hpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈- _-\v-
[-hpw- Ir-jn-°m-c-s≥-d- a-\- n¬- X-s≥-d-
Ir-jn-bn-S-Øn-\p-≈- A-\n¿-h-N-\o-b-am-b-
kv-Ym-\-hpw- hn-a¿-i-I≥- B-Zyw- a-\- n-em-
°-Ww.- kz-¥w- Ir-jn-bn-SØ - n¬- A-\y-s\-
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 43 ¬-)
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
Fw.- F-w.- A-Iv-_¿-
Imt\m≥ (canon) F∂ {Ko°p]ZØn
s≥d A¿Y-w am\ZWvUw F∂mWv. Hu
tZymKnIambn AwKoIcn°s∏´ {K\vY
ßfpsS ]´nI F∂ A¿Y-Øn¬ {Inkv
Xm-_vZw \memw \q‰m≠papX¬ Cu ]Zw
{InkvXym\nIƒ°nSbn¬ {]NmcØn¬
h∂p. hnip≤{K\vYsa∂v k` AwKoIcn
® ]pkvXIßfpsS ]´nI "Imt\m≥'
F∂pw B ]´nIbnse {KŸßƒ "Im
t\m\nI {K\vY߃' F∂pw Adnbs∏
Sp∂p. C∂v ss__nfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØs∏-
´n´p≈ {K\vY߃ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw
a‰p Nneh X≈p∂Xn\pw ImcWambn
`hn®Xv ssZhnIshfn]mtSm ]cnip≤mXv
a{]tNmZ\tam A√, {]XypX k`sb
\bn® ]mcºcy hnizmkßfpw {]tXyI
ho£Wßfpambncp∂psh∂mWv Im
t\m\oIcWØns≥d Ncn{Xw (History
Of Canoniation) ]Tn®m¬ \ap°v a\ n
emIpI.
enJnX tcJIƒ
BbncØn¬]cw h¿j߃°p≈n¬
At\Iw t]cm¬ cNn°s∏´ Iptd ]pkv
XIßfpsS kamlmcamWv ss__nƒ.
Cu ]pkvXIßfpsS I¿Øm°ƒ Fgp
Xnb tIm∏nIƒ \ap°v C∂v e`ya√.
]I¿∏pIƒ am{XamWv D]e_v[ambncn
°p∂Xv . ss__nƒ ]Wv U nX\mb
tUm.ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w FgpXp∂Xv
ImWpI: "hnip≤{K\vYImc∑m¿ FgpXn
b IsøgpØp{]XnIƒ C∂p e`ya√.
]eXhW ]I¿ØnsbgpXnbXns≥d
]I¿∏pIƒ am{XamWv \ap°v e`n®ncn
°p∂Xv. Cu IsøgpØp {]XnIfn¬
GXmWv aqe{KŸtØmSv G‰hpw hniz
kvXambXv F∂v \nivNbn°m≥ kq£v
aamb ]T\w Bhiyap≠v'.1
e`yambXn¬ G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb
ss__nfns≥d enJnXtcJ Jpwdm≥
NpcpfpIƒ (Qumran Scrolls) F∂pw
NmhpIS¬ NpcpfpIƒ (Dead Sea Scrolls)
F∂pw Adnbs∏Sp∂ tXm¬NpcpfpI
fn¬ FgpXs∏´ enJnXßfmWv. 1947\pw
1960\panS°v NmhpISens≥d hS°p]Sn
™md≥ XocØp≈ KplIfn¬ \n∂v
Is≠SpØ NpcpfpIfmWnh. Chbn¬
C∂v ss__nfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØs∏´n´p≈
{K\vYßfpsS `mKßfpw ss__nfn¬
\n∂v Hgnhm°s∏´ {K\vYßfpsS JWv
Ußfpw ss__nfpambn bmsXmcp
_\v[hpan√mØ {K\vYßfpsa√mw Dƒ
s°m≈p∂p≠v . {Inkv X phn\p apºv
aq∂mw \q‰m≠ns≥d A¥yØnepw
{InkvXm_vZw G-gn-\panSbn¬ cNn°s∏´
23
hbmWv NmhpIS¬ Npcpfp-Isf∂mWv
Ahbn¬ D]tbmKn°s∏´ncn°p∂
`mjbpw ssienbpw hyIvXam°p∂Xvv.
CXn¬ C∂v D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂ ss_
_nfpambn _\v[ap≈ ]q¿W{K\vYambn
sbiømhns≥d ]pkvXIw am{XamWp≈
Xv. \qtdmfw Npcpƒ JWvUßfnembn
a‰p Nne ]gb \nba ]pkvXIßfpsS
bpw `mK߃ NmhpIS¬NpcpfpIfnep≠v.
NmhpIS¬NpcpfpIƒ Is≠Øp∂
Xphsc G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb ln{_p
ssIsbgpØp {]XnIfmbn IcpXs∏´ncp
∂Xv {InkvXm_vZw 894˛¬ FgpXs∏´
sIbvtdm tImUIvkpw (Cairo Codex) 930¬
FgpXs∏´ Aset∏m tImUIvkpw (Ale
ppo Codex) 1008˛¬ FgpXs∏´ se\n≥
{KmUv tImUIvkpw (Lenin Grad Codex)
Bbncp∂p. tXm¬jo‰pIƒ tN¿Øv H´n
®v aS°n ]pkvXIcoXnbnem°nb ]pcm
X\ tcJIfmWv tImUIvkpIƒ F∂
dnbs∏Sp∂Xv.
{Ko°pss__nfns≥d D]e_v[ambn
´p≈ G‰hpw ]pcmX\amb ssIsbgp
Øp {]Xn tImUIvkv knss\‰n°kv
(Codex Sinaticus) BWv. {InkvXm_vZw
\memwiXIØn¬ cq]saSpØsX∂v
IcpXs∏Sp∂ Cu tImUIvkv 1859¬
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
hnhcn°s∏´ hyXykvXßfmb
Isø-gpØp tcJIfpsS
ASnkvYm\ØnemWv hyXykvX
ImeL´Ønep≠mbncp∂
Imt\m\pIsf°pdn®v
a\ nem°p∂Xv. {InkvXphn\v
\mep \q‰m≠pIƒ°p apºv Xs∂
C∂v ImWp∂ coXnbnep≈
]©{K\vY߃
blqZ¿°nSbn¬
hnip≤{KŸßfmbn
AwKoIcn°s∏´ncp∂psh∂mWv
ss__nƒ ]WvUnX∑mcpsS
]£w.
ko\mbv aebnse Hcp Kplbn¬ \n∂m
Wv Is≠SpØXv . Cu Isø- g pØp
tcJbn¬ ]pXnb\nbaØnse apgph≥
`mKtØmSpsam∏w C∂v ss__nfn¬
tN¿°mØ _¿W_mkns≥d teJ\hpw
sl¿amkns≥d CSb≥ F∂ teJ\Øn
s≥d `mKßfpw tN¿Øncn°p∂p. ]gb
\nbaØns≥d Ahkm\`mKØv a°m
_mbcpsS \memwteJ\w F∂ Hcp
]pkvXIhpw C∂v ss__nfn¬ C√mØ
Xmbn tN¿°s∏´n´p≠v.
{Inkv X m_v Z w A©mw\q‰m≠n¬
FgpXnbXmsW∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ tIm
UIvkv AeIvkm≠vdnbkv (Codex Alexa
ndrius) BWv ]pcmX\amb as‰mcp I
søgpØp{]Xn. 1627¬ AeIvkm¨{Un
bmbn¬ sh®mWv CXv Is≠Sp°s∏
´Xv. CXv FgpXs∏Sptºmƒ ]pXnb\nb
aØnsebpw ]gb\nbaØnsebpw apgp
h≥ ]pkvXIßfpw AtXmsSm∏w C∂v
ss__nfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn´n√mØ
s¢a≥dns≥d H∂pw c≠pw teJ\߃,
itemtams≥d k¶o¿Ø\߃ XpSßn
b {K\vYßfpw D≠mbncp∂p. aØmbn
bpsS kphntijØns≥dbpw, D¬]Øn
]pkv X IØns≥dbpw knwl`mKhpw
\jvSs∏´ coXnbnemWv Cu tImUIvkv
e`n®ncn°p∂Xv.
\memw \q‰m≠n¬ FgpXs∏´XmsW
∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ as‰mcp ]pcmX\ I
sø-gpØv tcJbmWv tImUIvkv hØn
°m\kv (Codex Vaticanus). tdmanse
hØn°m≥ sse{_dnbn¬ kq£n°
s∏´ncn°p∂ Cu tImUIvknse ]e
`mKßfpw \jvSs∏´n´p≠v.
{InkvXm_vZw 200\pw 250\panS°v
FgpXs∏´sX∂v hnNmcn°p∂ as‰mcp
IsøgpØptcJ IqSnbp≠v. sNkv‰¿
_o‰n t]∏ndn (Chester Beatty Papyri) F∂
dnbs∏Sp∂ ]m∏ndkv tcJbn¬ Hcphn
[sa√m ]pXnb\nba]pkvXIßfpap≠v.
Cßs\, C∂v Hcp]mSv Isø- g p
ØptcJIƒ \ΩpsS ssIhiap≠v .
\membnctØmfw Isø-gpØp tcJIƒ
ss__nfnt≥dXmbn D]e_v [ ambn
´p≠v. F∂m¬ CXne[nIhpw kºq¿W-
tcJIf√. ]WvUnX\mb ]n.‰n.Ipcphnf
FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI:"Ct∏mƒ GI
tZiw 4000 ss__nfns≥d IsøgpØp
{]XnIƒ \nehnep≠v. Ahbn¬ Nne
Xn¬ ss__nfnse Nne `mK߃ am{X
ta D≈q. Cu IsøgpØp {]XnIƒ
c≠mw iXIØn\pw ]Xn\©mw iXI
Øn\pw a[yØnsegpXnbn´p≈Xmbn
A\pam\n°s∏Sp∂p'.2
blq-Z∑mcpsS Imt\m≥
hnhcn°s∏´ hyXykv X ßfmb
Isø- g pØp tcJIfpsS ASnkv Y m\
ØnemWv hyXykvX ImeL´Ønep
≠mbncp∂ Imt\m\pIsf°pdn®v
a\ nem°p∂Xv. {InkvXphn\v \mep
\q‰m≠pIƒ°p apºv Xs∂ C∂v ImWp
∂ coXnbnep≈ ]©{K\vY߃ blq
Z¿°nSbn¬ hnip≤{KŸßfmbn AwKo
Icn°s∏´ncp∂psh∂mWv ss__nƒ
]WvUnX∑mcpsS ]£w. _n.kn.c≠mw
iXIØns≥d Bcw`ambt∏mtg°pw
"s\_bnw' hn`mKØn¬s]´ H´p
ap°m¬ {K\vYßfpw "sIØp_nw' hn`m
KØn¬s]´ "Zm\ntb¬' Hgn®p≈ {K\v
Yßfpw blqZ∑m¿ Imt\m\mbn AwKo
Icn®ncp∂psh∂mWv a\ nem°m≥
Ignbp∂Xv. F∂m¬ Ch am{Xambncp
∂n√ blqZ∑m¿ hnip≤{K\vYßfmbn
IcpXnt∏m∂ncp∂Xv. C∂v ss__nfn¬
24
ImWs∏SmØ Ipsdtbsd {KŸßƒ
A∂v ]mcmbWw sNøs∏SpIbpw {]N
cn∏n°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. ]pXnb
\nba]pkvXIßfn¬ t]mepw Cu {K
Ÿßfn¬ \n∂v D≤cn°s∏´ncn°p∂p.
tUm. ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w FgpXp∂Xv
ImWpI: "C∂v ss__nfns≥d `mKam
bn Bcpw AwKoIcn°mØ Nne ]pkvX
Ißfn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnIfpw ]pXnb
\nbaØn¬ ImWmw. DZm: bqZmkv Fgp
Xnb teJ\w 14˛mw hmIyw- ""I≠mepw,
I¿Ømhv Xs≥d hnip≤cpsS ]Xn
\mbncßfpsSIqsS BKX\mbncn
°p∂p''. Ft\m°ns≥d H∂mw ]pkv
XIw 1,9¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnbmWnXv.
bqZm: 9¬ sImSpØncn°p∂ tamibpsS
icocsØs®m√n ]nimNnt\mSv X¿°n®
anJmtbens≥d Nn{Xw ""tamibpsS kz¿
KmtcmlWw'' F∂ {K\vYØn¬ \ns∂
SpØXmWv. "Ah≥ \{kmb≥ F∂p
hnfn°s∏Spw' (aØmbn 2:23)F∂ {]h
N\w C∂v AwKoIcn°s∏´ncn°p∂ ]g
b\nbØn¬ \n∂√, at‰tXm ]pkvX
IØn¬ \n∂v FSpØXmbncn°Ww.
CXn¬ \ns∂√mw hyIv X amhp∂Xv
]pXnb \nbaw cNn°s∏´ ImeØv
ss__nfnse ]pkv X Ißsf°pdn®v
bqlZcpsS CSbn¬ A¥namb Hcp Xocp
am\w \nehn¬ h∂ncp∂n√ F∂mWv'.3
{Inkv X m_v Z w BZy \q‰m≠nse
blqZ∑m¿°nSbn¬ c≠pXcw thZ{K
Ÿßƒ {]NmcØnep≠mbncp∂p. ]e
kvXo\mbnse blqZ¿ F{_mb`mjbn
ep≈ ]gb\nba]pkvXIßfmWv D]
tbmKn®ncp∂Xv. F∂m¬ tdmam km{am
PyØns≥d CXc`mKßfn¬ Pohn®n
cp∂ blqZ∑m¿ AeIvkm¨{Snbbn¬
sh®p hnh¿Ø\w sNøs∏´ sk]v‰Pn
≥dv (Septagint) F∂ ]gb\nba]pkvXI
ßfpsS {Ko°v ]cn`mjbmWv D]tbm
Kn®ncp∂Xv. Cu c≠v ]gb \nba{]Xn
Ifpw XΩn¬ kmcamb Hcp A¥cap≠m
bncp∂p. ItØmen°¿ DØc Imt\m\n
I{KŸßsf∂p hnfn°p∂ {KŸßƒ
IqSn sk]v‰Pn≥dv {]Xnbn¬ D≠mbncp
∂p. F∂m¬ {InkvXm_vZw 80\pw 100\p
anS°v \S∂ blqZ d∫namcpsS bmav\n
bmktΩf\Øn¬sh®v F{_mb
`mjbnep≈ {K\vY߃ am{Xta {]am
WnIambn ]cnKWnt°WXp≈qsh∂v
Xocpam\n°s∏´p. {Ko°v˛Acamb `mj
Ifnep≈Xpw ]e blqZ kaqlßfpw
ss__nfns≥d `mKambn kzoIcn®ncp∂
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
Xpamb a‰p {K\vY߃ Ah¿ A{]mam
WnIambn X≈n. sk]v‰Pn≥dn¬ D≠m
bncp∂, blqZ∑mcm¬ X≈s∏´ {KŸ
߃ kzoIcn°Wtam th≠tbm F∂
ImcyØn¬ BZyImew apX¬°p Xs∂
ss{IkvXh¿°nSbn¬ A`n{]mb¥cw
\ne\n∂ncp∂p. {InkvXm_vZw 1545\pw
1563\panS°v \S∂ s{Xt¥mkv kp\l
tZmkv Cu ]pkvXI߃ IqSn thZ ]pkv
XIØns≥d `mKamsW∂v hnizkn°¬
\n¿_\v[amsW∂v {]Jym]n®tXmSpIq
Sn ChIqSn ItØmen°m ss__nfn
s≥d Ahn`mPy`mKambn amdn. Ah¿ Cu
{KŸßsf DØcImt\m\nI (Deutero
Canonical) sa∂p hnfn®t∏mƒ s{]m´kv‰
≥dpIm¿ s{Xt¥mkv kp\ltZmkns≥d
Xocpam\w AwKoIcn°msX Chsb Hgn
hm°s∏´ {KŸßfmb At∏m{In^
(Apocrypha) bpsS IqsSbmWv Dƒs∏Sp
ØnbXv.
]pXnb \nba Imt\m≥
]pXnb\nbaØn\v BZyambn Hcp
Imt\m≥ \n¿an®Xv c≠mw \q‰m≠n¬
Gjymssa\dn¬ Pohn® am¿kntbm¨
(Marcion) F∂ Hcp [\nI\mWv. ]gb\n
baØnse {Iqc\mb ssZhw ASnaIfm
°n sh®ncp∂ a\pjysc kz¥w cIvXw
hnebmbn \¬In tamNn∏n°pIbmWv
kz¿KØn¬ \n∂ndßnh∂ tbip{In
kv X p sNbv X sX∂ Xs≥d XØ- z w
{]Ncn∏n°phm≥ th≠nbmWv eqt°m
kns≥d kphntijhpw ]utemkns≥d
]Øp teJ\ßfpw Iq´nt®¿Øv
am¿kntbm¨ Hcp thZ]pkv X Iap
≠m°nbXv. "kmØms≥d BZyPmX≥'
F∂v {Inkv X paXhnizmknIƒ hnfn
°p∂ am¿kntbm¨ BWv BZysØ
Imt\m\ns≥d I¿Ømsh∂p kmcw.
{Ko°p ss__nfns≥d G‰hpw ]pcm
X\amb Isø- g pØp {]Xnbmb
tImUIvkv knss\‰n°kv cq]saSpØ
Xv {InkvXm_vZw \memw iXIØnem
sW∂v ]d™pht√m. CXn¬ _¿W_m
kns≥d teJ\w, sl¿amkns≥d CS
b≥ F∂o teJ\߃ IqSn ]pXnb
\nbatØmsSm∏aps≠∂ Imcyw {]tXy
Iw {]kv X mhyamWv . {Inkv X m_v Z w
\memw \q‰m≠n¬ t]mepw GsX√mw
{KŸßfmWv ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ Dƒ
s∏SptØ≠Xv F∂ ImcyØn¬ A¥n
aamb Hcp Xocpam\ap≠mbncp∂ns√∂m
Wt√m CXp ImWn°p∂Xv.
25
Dt]£n°s∏´ {KŸßƒ
]gb \nbaØnepw ]pXnb \nba
Ønepw BZyImeØv Dƒs∏SpØs∏´n
cp∂hbpw ]n∂oSv Dt]£n°s∏´Xp
amb A\h[n ]pkv X Ißfps≠∂v
]d™pht√m. Cu ]pkv X Ißfn¬
ItØmen°mss__nfns≥d ]gb\nba
Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØs∏´n´p≈ {KŸßsf
ItØmen°¿ DØc Imt\m\nI {KŸ
ßsf∂mWv hnfn°p∂sX¶nepw s]mXp
sh At∏m{In^ F∂ t]cnemWv Ah
Adnbs∏Sp∂Xv. "Hfn®psh°s∏´Xv',
"\nKq- V ambXv' F∂nßs\bmWv
At∏m{In-^sb∂ {Ko°p]ZØn\¿Y-w.
]gb\nbaØnse {Iqc\mb
kyqUn]n{Km^
ssZhw ASnaIfm°nsh®ncp∂
a\pjysc kz¥w cIvXw hnebmbn
ItØmen°m ss__nfns≥d `mK
amb GXm\pw Nne At∏m{In^m {KŸ \¬In tamNn∏n°pIbmWv
kz¿KØn¬ \n∂ndßnh∂
ßsf°qSmsX, BZyImesØ blqZ
∑mcpw {InkvXym\nIfpw D]tbmKn°p tbip{InkvXp sNbvXsX∂
Ibpw ]n∂oSv Imt\m\n¬ Dƒs∏SpØm Xs≥d XØ-zw {]Ncn∏n°phm≥
Xncn°pIbpw sNbvX H´\h[n {K\vY
th≠nbmWv eqt°mkns≥d
ßfp≠v. Chsb kyqUn]n{Km^ (Pseude
pigrapha) F∂p ]dbp∂p. Cu hn`mK kphntijhpw ]utemkns≥d
Øn¬ s]´ Adp]Øt©mfw ]pkvXI ]Øp teJ\ßfpw Iq´nt®¿Øv
ßfp≠mbncp∂psh∂v a\ nem°m≥ am¿kntbm¨ Hcp
Ign™n´p≠v. Chbn¬ \n∂v ]pXnb thZ]pkvXIap≠m°nbXv.
\nbateJ\ßfn¬ D≤cn°s∏´n´p≠v.
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Chbn¬ NnesX
¶nepw BZyIme ss{IkvXh¿ sshZnI
{KŸambn ]cnKWn®ncp∂hbmsW∂v A{_lmans≥d shfn]mSv
a\ nem°mw. kyqUn]n{Km^bmbn BZmans≥d shfn]mSv
]WnKWn°s∏Sp∂ {K\vY߃ Xmsg FenPmbpsS shfn]mSv
]dbp∂hbmWv.
Zm\ntbens≥d shfn]mSv
1. Ft\m°ns≥d FtXym]y≥ shfn]mSv
]{¥≠v ]m{Xnbm¿°okp- a mcpsS
2. Ft\m°ns≥d …mthmWnIv shfn \nbaw
]mSv.
tPm_ns≥d \nbaw
3. Ft\m°ns≥d ln{_p shfn]mSv.
aq∂v ]m{Xnbm¿°okpamcpsS \nbaw
kn_n√nb\ns≥d Acpf∏mSpIƒ
A{_mlmans≥d \nbaw
tians≥d {]_‘w.
CkvlmJns≥d \nbaw
Fsk°ntbens≥d At∏m{In^
bmt°m_ns≥d \nbaw
sk-^\ymhns≥d shfn]mSv.
tamsibpsS \nbaw
4. F{km
tkmfas≥d \nbaw
F{kmbpsS {Ko°v shfn]mSv
AcnkvXnbmkns≥d IØv
F{kmbpsS Z¿i\w
Pq_nenIƒ
F{kmbpsS tNmZy߃
sbiømhns≥d cIv X km£nXzhpw
F{kmbpsS shfn]mSv BtcmlWhpw
sk{Zm°ns≥d shfn]mSv
tbmk^pw Ask\Øpw
2. _mdq°ns≥d kndnb≥ shfn]mSv BZmans≥dbpw l∆bpsSbpw PohnXw
3. _mdq°ns≥d {Ko°v shfn]mSv Ir{Xna ^ntem
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
]pXnb \nbaØn¬ \n∂pw
XnckvIcn°s∏´ H´\h[n
{KŸßfp≠v. \mepw A©pw
\q‰m≠pIfn¬ {]NmcØnep
≠mbncp∂sX∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂
tImUIvkpIfn¬ an°Xnepw
C∂v D]tbmKn°s∏Sp∂
]pXnb \nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏Sp
ØmØ H∂ne[nIw
]pkvXI߃ Dƒ
s°m≈n°s∏´ncp∂psh∂mWv
a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv.
{]hmNI∑mcpsS PohnXw
bmt°m_ns≥d tImWn
4. _mdq°v
sP∂pIfpw tPw_dpIfpw
sd°mss_‰pIfpsS Ncn{Xw
AlnIzm¿
3. a°m_mb¿
4. a°m_mb¿
Ir{Xna t^mksseUpIƒ
kndnb≥ sa\m≥UdpsS hmNI߃
ZmhoZns≥d IqSpX¬ k¶o¿Ø\
߃.-
sa\mt lns≥d {]m¿Y-\
tkmfas≥d k¶o¿Ø\߃
bh\ kn\tKmK¬ {]m¿Y-\
tbmk^ns≥d {]m¿Y-\
bmt°m_ns≥d {]m¿Y-\
tkmfas≥d A¿®\mem] Imhyw
kyqUn]n{Km^sb∂ {Ko°p]ZØn
\v "tasegpØpIƒ hymPamb tcJIƒ'
F∂mW¿Y-w. _n.kn.aq∂mw \q‰m≠n
s‚bpw {InkvXm_vZw c≠mw \q‰m≠n
s‚bpw CSbn¬ cNn°s∏´sX∂v
IcpXs∏Sp∂ ChbpsS cNbnXm°fm
bn tcJs∏SpØs∏´ncn°p∂ t]cpIƒ
hymPamsW∂Xn\memWv Chbv ° v
"kyqUn]n{Km^' sb∂ t]cp hoWXv.
]gb \nba Imt\m\n¬ \n∂v Chsb
Hgnhm°nbXv F¥psIm≠msW∂
tNmZyØn\v hyIvXamb adp]SnIsfm
∂pw Xs∂ ]dbm\ns√∂XmWv hmkvX
hw. ChbpsS cNbnXm°ƒ APvRmX
cmsW∂ ImcWamWv ]et∏mgpw ]db
s∏Smdp≈Xv. ss__nfns≥d Hcp ]pkvX
IØns≥d t]mepw cNbnXmhv BcmsW
∂v JWvUnXambn ]dbm≥ km[ya√
F∂ hkvXpX \mw apºv a\ nem°nbn
´p≠v. kyqUn]n{Km^bn¬ Dƒs∏SpØ
s∏´ {KŸßƒ ]gb\nbaImt\m\n¬
kzoIcn°mØXn\v ImcWw AhbpsS
{K\vYImc∑msc°pdn®p≈ APvRXbm
sW¶n¬ ss__nfnse GXp`mKamWv
Cu am\ZWvUw sh®p kzoIcn°s∏Sm
≥ A¿lamIpI? At∏mƒ {KŸImc∑m
sc°pdn® APvRX am{Xa√ Cu ]pkv
XI߃ Imt\m\nIambn kzoIcn°p∂
Xn¬ \n∂v d∫namscbpw k`sbbpw
XS™p\n¿Ønbncn°p∂Xv . AXn\v
ImcWw as‰s¥ms°tbm BWv. Hgnhm
°s∏´ Cu {K\vYßfn¬ d∫namcptS
bpw k`bpsSbpw CNvOIƒ°pw hnizm
k߃°psaXnsc ]eXpw D≠mbncn
°m\nSbp≠v. AXmbncn°mw Nnet∏mƒ
Cu {KŸßsf Xnckv I cn°p∂Xn
te°v Ahsc \bn®sX∂v \ymbambpw
Duln°mhp∂XmWv.
At{∏m{In^
]pXnb \nbaØn¬ \n∂pw XnckvI
cn°s∏´ H´\h[n {KŸßfp≠v. \mepw
A©pw \q‰m≠pIfn¬ {]NmcØnep
≠mbncp∂sX∂v IcpXs∏Sp∂ tImU
IvkpIfn¬ an°Xnepw C∂v D]tbmKn
°s∏Sp∂ ]pXnb \nbaØn¬ Dƒs∏Sp
ØmØ H∂ne[nIw ]pkvXI߃ Dƒ
s°m≈n°s∏´ncp∂psh∂mWv a\ n
em°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. Iptdtbsd teJ
\ßfpw kphntijßfpsa√mw ]pXnb
\nbaØn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNøs∏´n´p
≠v. Chsb "At∏m{In^m'sb∂mWv
hnfn°p∂Xv. ]pXnb\nbaØnse
At∏m{In^Iƒ Xmsg ]dbp∂hbmWv.
]t{Xmkns≥d kphntijw
\nt°mZakns≥d kphntijw
26
s\tkmdnb∑mcpsS kphntijw
F_ntbmssW‰pIfpsS kphntijw
F{_mbcpsS kphntijw
CuPn]vXy≥amcpsS kphntijw
tXmakns≥d kphntijw
^nen∏ns≥d kphntijw
adnbbpsS kphntijw
_¿W_mkns≥d kphntijw
bmt°m_ns≥d BZnakphntijw
tXmakns≥d ssiih kphntijw
tbml∂ms≥d {]h¿Ø\߃
]t{Xmkns≥d {]h¿Ø\߃
]utemkns≥d {]h¿Ø\߃
Bt{¥mkns≥d {]h¿Ø\߃
tXmakns≥d {]h¿Ø\߃
a∞nbmkns≥dbpw Bt{¥mkns≥db-pw
{]h¿Ø\߃
^nen∏nbpsS {]h¿Ø\߃
XmUvSbqkns≥d {]h¿Ø\߃
]t{Xmkns≥dbpw ]utemkns≥dbpw
{]h¿Ø\߃
]t{Xmkns≥dbpw Bt{¥mkns≥dbpw
{]h¿Ø\߃
aØmbnbpsS cIvXkm£nXzw
]t{Xmkns≥d bh\ {]h¿Ø\߃
3. sImcn¥y¿
emthmUnjy∑m¿°p≈ teJ\w
]utemkns≥dbpw sk\°bptSbpw
IØpIƒ
tbiphns≥dbpw A_v K mdns≥dbpw
IØpIƒ
se≥Xpeqkns≥d IØv
ssS‰kns≥d teJ\w
]t{Xmkns≥d shfn]mSv
]t{Xmkns≥d tIm]v‰nIv shfn]mSv
]utemkns≥d shfn]mSv
sPbnwkns≥d H∂mw shfn]mSv
sPbnwkns≥d c≠mw shfn]mSv
tbml∂ms≥d At∏m{In^
tbip{InkvXphns≥d IpX¿°w
]t{Xmkv ^nen∏ns\gpXnb IØv
adnbØns≥d shfn]mSv
Cu ]pkv X Ißfn¬ an°hbpw
kphntijßfpw a‰p ]pXnb\nba{KŸ
ßfpw cNn°s∏´ ImetØm AXn\p
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
aptºm cNn°s∏´hbmWv . F∂n´pw
F¥psIm≠v Cu {KŸßsf- ]pXnb\n
baØns≥d Imt\m\n¬ Dƒs∏SpØn-
bn√ F∂ tNmZyw DØcan√msX XpScp
IbmWv. Chbn¬ ]eXpw BZyIme
{InkvXym\nIƒ kzoIcn°pIbpw Ah
bn¬ \n∂pw XßfpsS hnizmk{]amW
߃ cq]s∏SpØpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p.
{InkvXm_vZw 325˛¬ tN¿∂ \nJnbm
Iu¨knemWv Cu {KŸßfn¬ an°
Xnt\bpw˛tbiphns≥d ZnhyXzawKoI
cn°mØ kIetcJIsfbpw \in∏n°p
hm≥ Xocpam\n®Xv. F∂n´pw Nne {KŸ
ßsf¶nepw ss{IkvXh a\ pIfn¬
\ne\n∂ncp∂p. ]Xn\mdmw \q‰m≠n¬
\S∂ s{Xt¥mkv kp\ltZmkmWv
C°mcyØn¬ A¥na Xo¿∏v I¬∏n®Xv.
1546 G{]n¬ F´mw XobXn \S∂ kp\
ltZmkns≥d \memw ktΩf\w "Im
t\m\nI {KŸßsf°pdn®v' (De
Canonicis Scripturis) F∂ Un{InbneqsS
]gb\nbaØn¬ 45Dw ]pXnb \nba
Øn¬ 27Dw ]pkvXIßfmWp≈sX∂
Imcyw hnizmkkXyambn {]Jym]n®p4.
{]kvXpX Un{InbmWv ItØmen°sc
kw_\v [ n®nStØmfw thZ]pkv X I
sØ kw_\v[n® Ahkm\sØ hm°v.
s{]m´kv ‰ ≥dpImcmhs´, s{Xt¥mkv
kp\ltZmkns≥d Xocpam\w apJhne
s°Sp°pIbpw F∂m¬ DØc Imt\m
\nI {KŸßsf AwKoIcn°msX ]gb
\nbaØn¬ 39 ]pkvXIßsf am{Xw
kzoIcn°pIbpw sNbvXp.
F¥psIm≠p XnckvIcn°s∏´p?-
CXmWv ss__nƒ Imt\m\oIcW
Øns≥d Ncn{Xw. ChnsS Hcp kXymt\z
jnbpsS {i≤ ]Xnbp∂ ]e Imcyßfp
≠v. {][m\ambpw "kyqsU]n{Km^'sb
bpw "At∏m{In^'tbbpw kw_\v[n®
Imcy߃ Xs∂. hnip≤∑mcpsS t]cn
¬ a‰p ]ecpw FgpXnb {KŸßfmWv
]gb\nbaØnepw ]pXnb\nbaØnepw
\ne \n¬°p∂sX∂ hkvXpX ]WvUn
X∑msc√mw AwKoIcn®p Ign™n´p≠v.
ssZhw {]hmNI∑m¿°v \¬Inb thZ{K
Ÿßfn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWnIƒ Dƒ
s°m≈p∂hbmWv Cu ]pkvXIßfn
e[nIhpsa∂v \tS kqNn∏n°s∏´n´p
≠v. ss__nfnse Hcp ]pkvXIhpw ]q¿
Wambn ssZhnI{KŸsa∂v ]dbm≥
Ignbns√¶nepw Nne ]pkvXIßfnse
√mw ssZhnI{KŸßfpsS `mK߃ Dƒ
s°m≈p∂p≠mhWw. Cu s]mXp[mc
27
Wbn¬ "kyqsU]n{Km^'bpw "At∏m{In-
^
- 'bpsa√mw a‰p ss__nƒ {KŸßtfm
sSm∏w \n¬°p∂hbmWv. AXpsIm≠p
Xs∂ C∂p \ne\n¬°p∂ ss__nƒ
{KŸßfn¬ ImWs∏SmØ ssZhnI
{KŸßfnse `mK߃ Cu hn`mKßfn
¬s]-SpØn Hgnhm°nb `mKßfnep≠m
bncn°mw. Ah XßfpsS Xm¬]cyß
ƒ°v hncp≤amb Bibßfpƒs°m
≈p∂hbmbXn\membncn°mw BZyw-
blqZd∫namcpw ]ns∂ ss{IkvXh]u
tcmlnXyhpw- Cu ]pkvXIßsf
Imt\m\n\p ]pdØp \n¿ØnbXv. {]hm
NI∑m¿°v AhXcn∏n°s∏´ ssZhnI
ss__nfnse Hcp ]pkvXIhpw
{KŸßfpsS Bibßsf¥mbncp∂p
sh∂v Hcp [mcWsb¶nepap≠m°W ]q¿Wambn ssZhnI{KŸsa∂v
sa¶n¬ ]pdwX≈s∏´ ]pkvXIßfn ]dbm≥ Ignbns√¶nepw Nne
se Bibßfpw kzoIcn°s∏´ {KŸ ]pkvXIßfnse√mw
ßfnse Bibßfpw XΩn¬ XmcXay ssZhnI{KŸßfpsS `mK߃
Øn\v hnt[bam°saW∂v kmcw.
Dƒs°m≈p∂p≠mhWw. Cu
ssZhnI{KŸsØ P\ßfn¬ \n∂v s]mXp[mcWbn¬
ad®psh°p∂hsc°pdn® Jp¿B\nI
{]kv X mh\Iƒ blqZd∫nam¿°pw
"kyqsU]n{Km^'bpw "At∏m{In-^'
bpsa√mw a‰p ss__nƒ
ss{IkvXh ]ptcmlnX∑m¿°pw Xo¿®
{KŸßtfmsSm∏w
bmbpw tbmPn°psa∂mWv Imt\m\o
IcWØns≥d Ncn{Xw hyIv X am°p \n¬°p∂hbmWv.
∂Xv.
"\mw AhXcn∏n® sXfnhpIfpw am¿
KZ¿i\hpw thZ {KŸØneqsS P\ß
ƒ°v \mw hniZam°ns°mSpØXn\p hne°v AhcXv hn‰pIfbpIbpamWv
tijw ad®psh°p∂hcmtcm Ahsc sNbvXXv. Ah¿ ]Icw hmßp∂Xv
A√mlp i]n°p∂XmWv. i]n°p∂h hfsc NoØXs∂' (3:187).
scms°bpw Ahsc i]n°p∂XmWv' "]dbpI: thZ°mtc, XudmØpw
(hn.-Jp.-2:159). C≥Poepw \n߃°v \nßfpsS
"thZ{KŸØnep≈ A√mlp AhX c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂v AhXcn∏n°s∏´
cn∏n® Imcy߃ ad®psh°pIbpw ktµißfpw \n߃ (t\cmwhÆw)
AXn\p hnebmbn XpNvOamb t\´ßƒ \ne\n¿Øp∂Xphsc \n߃°v
t\SnsbSp°pIbpw sNøp∂hcmtcm bmsXmcp ASnkvYm\hpan√' (5:68).
Ah¿ XßfpsS hbdpIfn¬ Xn∂p\nd 1. ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w: hnizmkØns≥d
°p∂Xv \cIm·nb√msX as‰m∂pa√. thcpIƒ, ]pdw 28˛29.
Db¿sØgpt∂¬]-ns≥d \mfn¬ A√m
2.]n.‰n.Ipcphnf: ss__nƒ \q‰m≠pIfn
lp AhtcmSv kwkmcn°pItbm (]m]
eqsS ]pdw: 40.
ßfn¬ \n∂v) Ahsc kwip≤cm°pI
tbm sNøpIbn√. Ah¿°v thZ\tb 3.ssa°nƒ Imcna‰w: hnizmkØns≥d
dnb in£bp≠mbncn°pIbpw sNøpw' thcpIƒ, ]pdw:22.-
(2:174). 4.Un{Inbn¬ hnem]߃ F∂ ]pkv X
"thZ{KŸw \¬Is∏´htcmSv \nß Ihpw "bncaym' ]pkvXIhpw IqSn H‰ ]pkvX
fXv P\߃°v hnhcn®psImSp°W IambmWv FÆnbncn°p∂Xv. AXpsIm
sa∂pw \nßfXv ad®psh°cpsX∂pw ≠mWv 45 ]gb\nba{KŸßƒ F∂p
]d™ncn°p∂Xv . C∂v ItØmen°m
A√mlp Icm¿ hmßnb kµ¿`w ({i≤n
ss__nfn¬ 46 ]gb\nba]pkvXI
°pI). F∂n´v AhcXv (thZ{KŸw) ßfp≠v.
]pdtIm´v hens®dnbpIbpw Xp—amb
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
C-Xn-lm-kß
- ƒ H-cp- ]-T\
- - w-
kv-t\-l-Pm≥-
th-Z-X-Øz-ß-sf- I-Ym-cq-]-Øn¬- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv-
CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-sS- [¿-a-w.- "b-tXm- [¿-a-kv-X-tXm'- F-hn-sS- [¿-
ap-t≠m- A-hnsS- hn-P-b-ap-≠v- F-∂-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-lm-k-ß-fp-sS-
X-X-zw.- [¿-a-Øn-\v- •m\n- kw-`-hn-®-t∏mƒ- A-Xn-s\- kw-kv-Ym-
]n-°m-≥-th-≠n- h-∂- A-h-Xm-c-ß-fpsS- I-Y-bm-Wv- C-Xn-lm-
k-ß-fp-sS- D-≈-S-°w.- C-X- C-l- B-kw-˛C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv- C-hn-
sS- kw-`-hn-®-Xv˛ F-∂- i-_v-Z-ß-fn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- CXn-lm-k-
i_vZ-Øn-s≥-d- hyp¬-∏-Øn.- Im¬-`m-Kw- [¿-a-w- \-in-®- t{X-
Xm-bp-K-Øn-se- hnjvWp- A-h-Xm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®- I-Y-\-am-b- cm-
am-b-W-hpw- ]-Ip-Xn-bpw- [¿a-w- \-in-®- Zzm-]c-bp-K-Øn-se- A-
h-Xm-c-am-b- Ir-jv-W-s≥-d- I-Y-]-dbp-∂- a-lm-`m-c-X-hp-am-Wv- c-
≠v- C-Xn-lm-k-߃-.-
cm-am-b-Ww-:- cm-am-b-Ww- B-Zn-Im-hy-hpw- hm-¬ao-In- B-Zn-
I-hn-bpam-bm-Wv- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- th-Z-ß-fn-se-bpw,- D-]-\n-
j-Øp-I-fn-se-bpw- ]-e- h-cn-I-fpw- Im-hy-cq-]-Øn-em-Wv.- cm-am-
b-Ww- th-Z ß-fp-sS- c-N-\- I-gn-™v- Ip-td-Im-e-߃-°ptij-
am-Wv- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-sX-∂v- ssl-µ-h¿-X-s∂- hn-izkn-°p-∂p.-
28
At∏mƒ-]n-s∂,- cm-am-bW - w- B-Zy-Im-hy-am-sW-∂- k¶¬]-w,-
C-¥y-bp-sS- ]-c-n-[n-°-I-Øp-sh-®v- am-{Xw- t\m-°p-tºmƒ-t]m
epw- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-a-msW∂v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- I-gn-bpw.-
cm-am-b-Ww- c-Nn-°-s∏-´- Im-e-sØ-°p-dn-®v- A-`n-{]m-b-hy-
Xym-k-ß-fp-≠v.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- c-≠v- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-tºm-
A-Xn-\p-ti-j-tam- BWv- cm-am-b-Ww- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-sX-∂m-Wv- ]-
Wv-Un-X-cn¬ Nnecp-sS- \n-K-a-\w ( K.M. Munshi: The His-
tory and Culture of Indian People Vol. II Page 254). -_n.-kn.-
A-©mw- \q-‰m-≠n-em-sW-∂pw- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-≠v- (`m-
c-X- hn-Pv-Rm-\-tIm-iw- hm-eyw- 2,- t]-Pv- 558).- -- {In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- ap-
ºv- A-©mw-\q-‰m-≠n¬- Pohn-®n-cp-∂- {io-_p-≤≥- kv-Ym-]n-®-
_p-≤-a-X-sØ-°p-dn-®- ]-cm-a¿-i-߃- cm-am-b-WØn-ep-≠v
(hm¬-ao-In- cm-am-bWw-:- A-tbm-[ym-Im-W-vUw- 108˛mw- k¿-Kw).-
_n.-kn.- \m-emw- i-XI-Øn-se-gp-Xs - ∏´- ]m-en-`m-jb - n-ep-≈- _u-
≤-Ir-Xn-bm-b- Z-ic- Y
- P
- m-XI- Ø
- nse- IY-Iƒ-°v- cm-am-bW - - IY-
bp-am-bn- km-Zr-iy-ap-≠v.- C-Xn¬-\n-s∂√mw- cm-am-b-W-c-N-\- \S-
∂-Xv- _n.-kn.- \m-emw- \q-‰m-≠n-\p-ti-j-am-sW-∂mWv- a-\- n-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 29

em-Ip-∂-Xv.- \n-°v- k-¥m-\-ß-fn-√m-ØXn¬- Zpx-Jn-®v- ]p-{X-Im-tajvSn-bmKw-

hm¬-ao-In- a-l¿jn- \q-dp-tIm-Sn- t«m-I-߃- c-Nn-®n-cp-∂p-
sh-∂pw- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- e-h-Ip-i-∑m-sc- ]-Tn-∏n-®- C-cp-]-Øn- \m-
em-bn-cw- t«m-I-ß-sfm-gn-®v- a-s‰-√mw- {_-lv-a-tem-I-Ønte-
°pt]m-bn- F-∂pw- H-cp- hn-izm-k-ap-≠v (ln-µp- [¿-a-]-cn-N-bw,-
t]-Pv- 214)-.- C-∂p-≈- 24000 t«m-I-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- hm¬-ao-In-
cm-am-b-Ww-- _m-e-Im-Wv-Uw,- A-tbm-[ym-Im-Wv-Uw,- Bc-Wy-
Im-Wv-Uw,- In-jv-In-\v-[m-Im-Wv-Uw,- kp-µ-c-Im-Wv-Uw,- bp-≤-Im-
Wv-Uw,- D-Ø-c-Im-Wv-Uw- F-∂n-ßs\- G-gp- Im-Wv-U-ß-fm-bn-
hn`-Pn-°s - ]-´n-´p-≠v.- C-Xn¬- B-Zy-sØ- _m-eI - m-WUv- h
- pw- Ah-
km-\s - Ø- D-Øc - I
- m-WUv- h
- pw- B-Zy-Im-e- cm-am-bW
- Ø - n-ep-≠m-
bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- Iq-´n-t®¿-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂p-am-Wv-
{]apJ- ]-WvUn-X-∑m-cp-sS- ap-gp-h≥- A-`n-{]m-bw.-
kz-in-jy-\m-b- `-c-Zzm-P-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS- X-a-km-\-Zn-bn¬- kv-\m-
\-Øn-\p-t]m-b- hm¬-ao-In- a-l¿-jn- C-W-°p-cp-hn-I-fn-sem-∂n-
s\- Im-´m-f≥- Asº-øp-∂-Xpw- Zpx-Jm¿-Ø-bm-b- s]¨-]-£n-
]n-S-™p-I-c-bp-∂-Xpw- I≠v- a-\- en-™p.- B- I-cp-W-bn¬-
\n-∂p-bn¿ sIm≠- im-]-am-Wv- cm-am-b-W-Øn-s≥-d- {]Y-a- t«m-
I-am-bn- am-dn-b-Xv.-
""A-cp-Xv- Im-´m-fm.....- {Iu-©- an-Yp-\-ß-fn¬- Im-a-tam-ln-X-
am b- H∂n-s\- h-[n-®- \o- G-sd-°m-ew- Po-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°-s´-''
(am- \n-jm-Z-:- {]-Xn-jv-Tmw-Xz- a- K-a- iv-im-iz-Xox- k-amx- b-Xv-
{Iu-©-an-Yp-\m- tZ-I- a-h-[ox- Im-a-tam-ln-Xw-) F-∂mWv- im-
]w.- Cu- t«m-I-Øn-s≥-d- Xm-f-hpw- e-b-hpw- ku-µ-cy-hpw- h-f-
sc-b-[n-Iw- C-jvSs∏´- hm¬-ao-In- C-tX- cq-]-Øn¬- H-cp- a-lm-
]p-cp-jm-Jym-\-Øn-\v- t{]-cn-X-\mbn.- C-∂v- Cu- tem-I-Øv- Po-
hn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-cn¬-sh-®v- G‰-hpw- KpW-]q¿-W-\m-b- a-\p-jy-
\m-cm-Wv- F∂- A-t\z-j-W-Øn-\v cm-a-\-√m-sX- a-‰m-cp-a-√- F-
∂- D-Ø-c-am-Wv- \m-cZ- a-l¿-jn-bn¬ -\n-∂v- e-`n-®-Xv.- A-ß-s\-
bmWv- cma-I-Ym-Jym\w- \-S-Øm-≥- hm¬-ao-In- a-l¿-jn- ap-X-n-
cp-∂-Xv.-
A-tbm-[y-bn-se- cm-Pm-hm-bn-cp-∂- Z-i-c-Y-s≥-d- aq-∂v- `m-cy-
am-cn¬- H-cm-fm-b- Iu-k-ey-bp-sS- ]p-{X-\m-Wv- cm-a≥.- ssI-tI-
bn,- kpan{X- F-∂n-h-cm-Wv- a-‰v- c-≠v- `m-cy-am¿.- Zo¿-L-Im-ew- X-
\-S-Øp-I-bpw- bm-K-Øn¬-sh-®v- irw-K-ap\n- b-Pv-R-]n-Wv-Uw-
X-b-m-dm-°n- Z-i-c-Y-s≥-d- aq-∂v- `m-cy-am¿-°pw- sIm-Sp-°pIbpw-
sN-øp-∂p.- Cu- ]n-Wv-Uß-ƒ- I-gn-®v- aq-∂p-t]-cpw- K¿-`n-Wn-I-
fm-bn.- Iu-k-ey- cm-a-t\-bpw- ssI-tI-bn- `-c-X-s\-bpw- kp-an-{X-
e-£va - W- s
- \-bpw- i-{XpLv\ - s- \-bpw- {]-kh- n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-bvXp.-
Ip-sd-°m-ew- I-gn-™v- cma≥- ko-X-sb- hn-hm-lw- sN-øp-∂p.-
cm-a-\v- {]m-b-am-b-t∏mƒ- A-t±-l-sØ- cmP-]-Z-hn- G¬-]-n-®p-
sIm-Sp-Øv- cm-Py-`-c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- hn-c-an-°m≥- Z-i-c-
Y≥- B-{K-ln-°p-∂p.- B- k-ab - Ø
- v- Xm-\p-am-bn- ap-ºp-≠m-°nb-
D-Sº-Sn-b-\p-k-cn-®v- F-t∏m-gm-h-iy-s∏-´m-epw- \-S-∏m-°m≥- Z-i-
c-Y≥- _m-[y-X-s∏-´-Xm-b- B-{K-lw-- k-^-e-am-°n-Ø-c-W-sa-
∂v- ssI-tI-bn- B-hi - y-s∏-Sp-∂p.- ssI-tI-bn- X-s≥-d- ]p-{X\mb-
`-c-X-s\- cm-Pm-hm-°-W-sa-∂pw- cma≥- ]-{¥-≠v- h¿-jw- h-\hm-
kw- \-S-Ø-W-sa-∂pw- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.- ]n-Xmhn-s≥-d- hmKv-Z-
Ø- ]m-e-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n- cm-a≥- ko-X-tbm-Spw- e-£v-a-W-t\m-
Spw-Iq-sS- h-\h- m-kØ
- n-\v- t]m-Ip-∂p.- h-\h - m-kØ- n-\n-S° - v- e¶m-
cm-P-m-hm-b- cm-h-W≥- F-∂- cm-£-k≥- ko-X-sb- X-´n-s°m
≠pt]m-bn- sIm-´m-c-Øn¬- ]m¿-]-n-°p-∂p.- ko-X-sb- Xn-c-°n-
bn-d-ßn-b- cm-a\pw- e-£v-a-W-\pw- am¿-K-a-t[y- hm-\-c-t\-Xm-°-
fm-b- kp-{Ko-h-s\-bpw- l-\p-am-s\-bpw- I-≠v-kp-lr-Zv-_-\v-[w-
kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂p.- C-h-cp-sS- IqSn- k-lm-b-tØm-sS- e-¶-bn-te°v-
]-S-\-bn-®v,- cm-h-W-s\- bp-≤-Øn¬- tXm¬-]-n-®v- ko-X-sb- c£n-
°p-∂p.- A-t∏m-tg-°pw- ssI-tI-bn- Bh-iys∏-´- ]-{¥-≠v- h¿-
j-sa-∂- Im-em-h-[n- A-h-km-\n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v- cm-a-\pw- ko-X-
bpw- e-£v-a-W-\pw- Atbm-[y-bn-te-°v- a-S-ßp-∂p.- `c-X≥-
knwlm-k-\w- D-t]-£n-°p-I-bpw- cm-a≥- cm-Py-`-c-Ww- Gs‰-Sp-
°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- C-Xm-Wv- hm¬-ao-In- cmam-b-W-Øn-s≥-d-
kw£n-]v-Xw.-
Ir-Xbp-Kw,- t{X-Xm-bp-Kw,- Zzm-]c-bp-Kw,- I-en-bp-Kw- F-∂o-
bpKßfn¬- t{X-Xm-bp-K-Øn-em-Wv- {io-cm-a-s≥-d- `-c-W-w- \-S-
∂-sX∂m-Wv- hnizm-kw.- I-en-bp-Kw- Xp-S-ßn-bn-´v- 5092 h¿-j-
ß-fm-sb-∂m-Wv- I-W-°v.- Zzm-]-c-bp-Kw- 8,-64000 h¿-j-ap-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p-sh-∂v- Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.- A-Xn\pw- ap-ºp-≈- t{X-Xm-bp-

C-X- C-l- B-kw-˛C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv- C-hn-sS- kw-`-hn-®-Xv˛ F-∂-

i-_v-Z-ß-fn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- CXn-lm-k- i_vZ-Øn-s≥-d- hyp¬-∏-
Øn.- Im¬-`m-Kw- [¿-a-w- \-in-®- t{X-Xm-bp-K-Øn-se- hnjvWp-
A-h-Xm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®- I-Y-\-am-b- cm-am-b-W-hpw- ]-Ip-Xn-
bpw- [¿a-w- \-in-®- Zzm-]c-bp-K-Øn-se- A-h-Xm-c-am-b- Ir-
jv-W-s≥-d- I-Y-]-dbp-∂- a-lm-`m-c-X-hp-am-Wv- c-≠v- CXn-
lm-k-߃-.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 30

Ir-jvW-ssN-X-\y- F-gp-Xp-∂p:-- ""a-lm-`m-cX-Øn-s≥-d- aq-ew- _n.-

kn.- \memw- \q-‰m-≠n-\v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW¶n-epw-
A-Xn¬- ]n¬-°m-eØ - v- ]-eX
- pw- Iq-´n-t®¿-Øn-´m-Wv- C-∂s
- Ø-
cq]w- ssI-h-∂-Xv.- tIh-ew- 24000 t«m-I-ß-f-S-ßn-b- H-cp-
Im-hy-am-Wv- (A-Xn-s≥-d- t]¿- "`mc-Xw'- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p)-
]n-∂o-Sv- H-cp- e-£-Øn-te-sd- ]-Zy-ß-fp≈- a-lm-`m-c-Xam
bn-Øo¿-∂Xv''

KØn¬- 12,-99,-000 h¿j-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏- F-∂p-am-Wv- hn-h-£n-°p-∂-X-s{X.-

Sp-∂p.- t{XXm-bp-K-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-km-\-Øn-em-Wv- {io-cm-a≥-
`cWw- \-S-Øn-b-sX-¶n-epw,- ]p-cmW-߃- {]-Im-cw- 8,-69,-092 h¿-
j-߃°v- ap-ºm-Wv- B- Im-e-L-´w- F-∂-\p-am-\n-t°-≠n-h-
cpw.- F-´v- e-£wh--¿-j-߃°v- ap-ºv- tem-I-Øn-se-hn-sS-sb-¶n-
epw- \m-K-cn-I-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn- sX-fn-hp-I-fn-√.- Cu- A-
Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬- cm-a-I-Y- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂v- hm-Zn-
°p-∂h - c
- p-≠v.- A-hc
- p-sS- A-`n-{]m-bØ
- n¬ c--ma
- m-bW
- w- \s√mcp-
t\m-h¬- am-{X-am-Wv.
hm-¬-ao-In- cm-am-b-W-w- Iq-Sm-sX- H-´-\-h-[n- cm-am-b-W-ß-
fp≠v.- A[-ym-Xv-a- cm-am-b-Ww,- a-lm-cm-am-bW-w,- kw-hr-X-cm-am-
b-Ww,- AK-kvXy- cm-am-b-Ww,- tem-a-k- cm-am-b-W-w,- a-Rv-Pp-f-
cm-am-b-Ww,- ku-]-Xy- cm-am-bW-w,- ku-lm¿-Z-- cm-am-b-Ww- Xp-
S-ßn- Ip-sd- kw-kv-IrX- cm-am-bW-߃-X-s∂-bp-≠v.- Xp-©-
sØ-gp-ØNv-O-s≥-d- A-[-ymXv-a- cm-am-bm-Ww- In-fn∏-m-´m-Wv- a-
e-bm-f-Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- {]-Nm-c-ap≈- cm-am-b-W-Im-hyw.- I-Pv-
R-ivi- cm-am-b-Ww,- cm-a-I-Y-∏m-´v,- cm-a-N-cnXw- Xp-S-ßn- th-sd-
bpw- cm-a-I-Y-Iƒ- a-e-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠v.- X-an-gn¬- I-º-cm-am-b-W-
hpw- ln-µn-bn¬- Xpf-koZmk- cm-am-bW - h- p-am-Wv- {]-kn≤w.- Cu-
cm-am-b-W-ß-sf-√mw- \¬-Ip∂- cm-a-Nn-{Xw- hy-Xy-kv-X-amWv.-
]-c-kv-]-c- hn-cp-≤-ß-fm-b- H-´-\-h-[n- Im-cy߃- Cu- cm-am-bW-
ß-fn-ep-≠v.-
a-lm-`m-cXw-:- {io-Ir-jv-Wm-h-Xm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®- I-Y-\-am-b-
alm`m-c-X-am-Wv- G-‰-hpw- a-l-Øm-b- C-Xn-lm-k-{K-\v-Y-am-bn-
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- th-Z-hym-k≥- c-Nn-®-sX-∂v- hn-i-z-kn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂- a-lm-`m-c-Xw,- ]-©-ath-Z-sa-∂- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
k-c-kz-Xo- \Zo-Xo-c-Øn-se- B-{i-a-Ønen-cp-∂v- th-Z-hym-k≥-
c-Nn-®- a-lm-`m-c-Xw- in-jy-\m-b- ssh-i-ºm-b-\-s\- ]Tn-∏n-°p-
I-bpw- ]n-∂o-Sv- ssh-iº- m-b\- ≥- P-\t- a-Pb - \- v- D-]t- Z-in-®p-sImSp-
°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sh-∂m-Wv- sF-Xn-lyw.- "`m-c-Xw'- F-∂- i_v-
Z-Øn-se- Hmtcm- A£chpw- Hm-tcm- a-l-Øm-b- B-i-b-ß-sf-
{]-Xn-\n-[m-\w- sNøp-∂p-sh-∂v- ]-db - s- ∏-Sp-∂p.- "`m'- F-∂- A£-
cw-sIm-≠v- F-√m- th-Zß - f
- nepw- `m-kn-°p-∂X - v- F-∂pw,- "c'- F∂-
A-£-cw-sIm-≠v- F-√m- Pohn-I-fn-epw- cXn-bp-≈-Xv- F∂-- "X'-
F-∂- A-£-cw-sIm-≠v- F√m- Xo¿-Y-ß-sf-bpw- X-cn-°p-∂-Xv-
C-∂v- Im-Wp-∂- a-lm-`m-c-X-Øn-\v- _n.-kn.- c-≠mw- \q-‰m-
≠n-te-s-d- ]-g-°-an-s√-∂m-Wv- ]-W-vUn-Xm-\p-am-\w.- _n.-kn.-
c≠mw- \q‰m-≠n-\pw- F.Un.- c-≠mw- \q-‰m-≠n-\p-an-S-bv-°m-Wv-
a-lm-`m-c-Xw- C-∂-sØ- cq-]-Øn-em-b-sX-∂m-Wv- Un.-Un.-sIm-
kmw-_n-bpw- (D.D. Kosambi: An Introduction to the Study of
Indian History, Page 133.) tUm. cm[m-Ia - ¬-ap-°¿-Pn-bpw- (Radha
Kamal Mukharjee: The Culture and Art of India. Page 214). ]-d-
bp-∂-Xv.- hn≥-d¿\n-‰v-kn-s≥-d- A-`n-{]m-b-Øn¬,- a-lm-`m-c-X-
Øn\v- _n.-kn.- \m-emw- \q-‰m-≠n-e-[n-Iw- ]u-cm-Wn-I-X-tbm-
F.-Un.- \m-emw- \q-‰m-≠n-e-[nIw- B-[p-\n-I-X-tbm- \¬-Im-≥-
I-gn-bn-√. (Quoted by S.R. Goyal: A Religious History of An-
cient India, Vol. 11 Page 17).- hy-m-k≥- F-gp-Xn-b-Xv- tI-h-ew-
8800 t«m-Iß - f- p-≈- "Pb'- F-∂- Im-hyw- am-{X-am-sW-∂pw- ssh-
i-ºm-b≥- A-Xn-s\- 24000 t«m-I-ß-fp-≈- "`m-c-Xw'- F-∂- {K-
\v-Y-am-°n-sb-∂pw- kq-X≥- F-∂- BNm-cy-\m-Wv- `m-c-X-kw-ln-
X-sb- Ip-d-®p-Iq-Sn- hn-]p-e-s∏Sp-Øn- H-cp- e£w- t«m-I-ß-fp-
≈- "a-lm-`m-c-Xw'- B-°n-b-sX-∂pw- (B.B. Lal: Mahabharatha:
Myth and Reality, Page 53) A-`n{]m-b-ap-≠v.-
F-∂m¬- "th-Zh - ym-k- hn-cN
- n-Xa
- m-b- aq-e`- m-cX
- Ø- n¬- At\-
I-e£w t«m-Iß - ƒ- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂h - b- n¬- `q-cn-]£ - h- pw- {_lv-
a-tem-I-sØ- {]m-]n-®p-sh-∂m-Wv-'- hn-izm-kw- (sI.- ]-c-ttizc≥-
]n-≈-:- ln-µp-[¿-a- ]-cn-N-bw,- t]-Pv- 216-).- c-N-\m-Im-e-Øv- alm-
`m-c-X-Øn¬- Ct∏m-gp-≈-Xn¬-Ip-d-®v- t«m-I-ßt-- f- D-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p-≈q-sh-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- Iq-´n-t®¿-°-ep-Iƒ- \-S-∂n-´p-s≠-∂pw-
H-c-p-hn[w- F-√m- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cpw- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v.- Ir-jvW-
ssN-X-\y- F-gp-Xp-∂p:-- ""a-lm-`m-cX-Øn-s≥-d- aq-ew- _n.-kn.-
\memw- \q-‰m-≠n-\v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- c-Nn-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW¶n-epw- A-
Xn¬- ]n¬-°m-e-Øv- ]-e-Xpw- Iq-´n-t®¿-Øn-´m-Wv- C-∂-sØ-
cq]w- ssI-h-∂-Xv.- tIh-ew- 24000 t«m-I-ß-f-S-ßn-b- H-cp- Im-
hy-am-Wv- (A-Xn-s≥-d- t]¿- "`mc-Xw'- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.)- ]n-∂o-Sv-
H-cp- e-£-Øn-te-sd- ]-Zy-ß-fp≈- a-lm-`m-c-Xam-bn-Øo¿-∂Xv''-
(Krishna Chaithanya: A New History of Sanskrit Literature Page,
200).- a-lm-`m-c-X-Øn-\v- aq-∂v- ]-I¿-Øn-sb-gp-X-ep-Iƒ- \-S-∂n-
´p-s≠-∂v- bm-Ym-kv-Yn-Xn-I-∑m¿-t]m-epw- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂- Im-cy-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 31

am-Wv- (sh-´w-am-Wn-:- ]-p-cm-Wn-Iv- F≥-ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b,- t]-Pv- bn¬-\n∂p-sam-gn-hm-°-s∏-´p-sh-¶n-epw,-- tZ-h-In-bpw- `¿-Øm-hpw-

875.-).-
a-lm-`m-c-X-Øn-s≥-d- I¿-Øm-hm-b- th-Z-hym-k-s\-°p-dn-®pw-
hn-cp-≤m-`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-≠v.- D-]-cn-N-c-h-kp- F-∂- cm-Pm-hn¬-\n∂v-
K¿-`n-Wn-bmb- A-{Zn-I-sb-∂- a¬-ky-I-\y-I- {]-k-hn-®- k-Xyh-
Xn-bn¬- ]-cm-i-c-a-l¿-jn°v- P-\n-®- Ir-jv-W-ssZz-]m-b-\m-Wv-
th-Zh - ym-k≥- F-∂d - n-bs
- ∏-Sp-∂s
- X-∂mWv- hn-izm-kw.- F-∂m¬
th-Z-hym-k≥- F-∂-Xv- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-b-s√-∂pw- AsXmcp- kv-Ym
\-\m-aw- am-{X-am-sW-∂pw- ]-e- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°pw- A-`n-{]m-b-
ap-s≠∂v- \-tS- kq-Nn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.- i-¶-cm-Nm-cy¿,- t]m-∏v,- ]m{Xn-
bm¿-°o-kv- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-t]m-se-bp-≈- kv-Ym-\-t∏-cv- am-{X-am-Wv-
I-Wz- ≥,- hym-k≥- F-∂n-hs - b-∂m-Wv- Kp-cp-\n-Xy- ssN-X\ - y-bXn-
(Nithya Chaithanya Yathi- The Bhagavad Gita, Page 1) ]-db - p∂Xv.-
hym-k≥- F-∂ \m-aØn\v- kw-hn-[m-b-I≥,- {]-km-[-I≥- kam-
l-cn-®- hy-Iv-Xn- Xp-S-ßn-b- A¿-Y-ß-fp-s≠-∂pw- th-Z-߃- k-
am-l-cn-®- hy-IvXn- th-Z-hym-k-\pw- a-lm-`m-c-Xw- Xp-S-ßn-bh-
k-am-l-cn-®-h¿- hy-Xy-kv-X- hym-k-∑m-cpw- B-Im-\m-Wv- km[y-
X-sb-∂m-Wv- am¿-K-c-‰pw- sP-bnw-kv- kv-s‰-Uv-se-Kpw- (Margerette
and James Stutleg: A Dictionary of Hinduism, Page 151) A-`n{]m-
b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-
- H-t∂Im¬- e-£w- t«m-I-ß-fp-≈- a-lm-`m-c-X-Øn¬- ]Xn-
s\-´v- ]¿-h-ß-fn-em-bn- c-≠m-bn-cw- A-[-ym-b-ß-fpw- \q-dv- D-]]¿-
h-ß-fpw- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- aq-∂v- h¿-jw- sIm-≠m-Wv- th-Z-
hym-k- a-l¿-jn- C-Xv- cNn-®-sX-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- hfsc-
hn-iZ- a- mb- H-cp- C-Xn-hr-Øa - mWv- `m-cX
- Ø
- n-t≥-dX- v.- Ir-jvW- s\-
∂- {]-[m-\- IYm-]m-{X-sØ- Np-‰n-bp-≈- IY-\-Øn-eq-sS- H-∂v-
F-Øn-t\-m-°mw.-
bm-Z-h- hw-i-Øn¬-s∏-´- D-{K-tk-\-s≥-d- a-I-\m-b- hm-kp-
tZ-h-\mWv- {io-Ir-jv-W-s≥-d- ]n-Xm-hv.- D-{K-tk-\-s≥-d- k-tlm-
Z-c-\mb- tZ-h-I-s≥-d- aIƒ- tZ-h-In-bm-Wv- A-t±-l-Ø-n-s≥-d- am-
X-m-hv.- tZ-h-In-bp-sS- F-´m-a-sØ- a-I≥- X-s∂- sIm-√p-sa-∂v-
A-i-co-cn- tI-´- tZh-In-bp-sS- a-®p-\≥- Iwk≥- tZ-h-In-sb- sIm-
√m≥- {i-an-°p-∂p.- tZ-h-In- {]-k-hn-°p-∂- Ip-™p-ß-sf-sb-
√mw- Iw-k-\v- \¬-Im-sa∂- \n-_-\v-[-\-bn¬- A-h-sf- sIm-e-
X-Sh
- n-em°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- tZ-hI - n-°p-≠mb- B-dv- Ip-™p-ßs - f-bpw-
Iw-k≥- sIm-√p-∂p.- G-gm-asØ- Ip-´n-bm-b- _-e-cm-a≥- hm-kp-
tZ-h-s≥-d- a-s‰m-cp- `m-cy-bm-b- tcm-ln-Wn-bpsS- K¿-`-]m-{X-Øn-
te-°v- am-‰-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- tcm-ln-Wn-bp-sS- a-I-\m-bn- Pohn-°p-I-
bpw- sN-bv-Xp.-
F-´m-a-sØ- ]p-{X-\m-b- Ir-jv-W≥- P-\n-®-t∏mƒ- X-s∂,-
hnjv-Wp-hn-s≥-d- \n¿-t±-i-{]-Im-cw- ]n-Xm-hv- c-l-ky-am-bn- b-ap-
\m-\Z- n-bp-sS- a-dp-Ic- b
- n-ep-≈- A-ºm-Sn-bn¬- \-µt- Km-]c- p-sS- ho´n-
se-Øn,- At±-l-Øn-s≥-d- `mcy- b-tim-Z- {]-k-hn-®- s]¨-Ip-
´n-sb- F-Sp-°p-Ib - pw- ]-Ic - w- Ir-jvW
- s
- \- Ahn-sS- sh-°p-Ibpw-
sN-bX v- p.- B- Ip™n-s\-bpw- sIm-√p-hm≥- ]Xn-hn≥-]S- n- Iwk≥
{i-an-®-t∏mƒ- A-Xv- B-Im-i-Øn-te-°v- D-b¿-Ø-s∏-´p.- \-µ-\pw-
b-tim-Z-bpw- h-f¿-Øp∂- Ip-™v- X-s≥-d- A-¥-I-\m-sW-∂v-
{]-h-Nn-°-s∏-´- tZ-h-In-bp-sS- F´m-a-sØ- ]p-{X-\m-sW-∂v- a-
\kn-em-°n-b- Iwk≥,- Ir-jv-W-s\- sIm√m≥- H-∂n-\p-]n-d-sI-
H-∂m-bn- ]-e- A-S-hp-Ifpw- {]-tbm-Kn-®p-sh¶n-epw- A-sX-√mw-
]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.- ]q-X-\,- XrWm-h¿-Ø≥,- i-S-I≥,-
h-Xv-km-kp-c≥,- _-I≥,- A-Lm-kp-c≥- Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿- Irjv-W-
s\- h-[n-°m≥-th-≠n,- Iw-k-s≥-d- I¬-∏]-\-{]-Im-c-w- \n-tbm-
Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv.- Ir-jv-W-h-[-Øn-\p-≈- {i-a-Øn¬- C-h-sc-
√mw- sIm√-s∏-SpI-bp-≠m-bn.- ]n-∂o-Sv- ]-e- A-Xv-`p-X-ß-fpw- Ir-
jvW≥- Im-Wn-®-Xm-bn- a-lm`m-c-Xw- hn-h-cn-°p-∂p.-
hm-kp-tZ-h-k-tlm-Z-cn-bm-b- Ip-¥n-sb- l-kv-Xn-\-]p-c-Øn-
se- cm-Pmhm-b- ]m-Wv-Up-hm-Wv- hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-X-Xv.- am-{Zn-sb-
∂- as‰m-cp- `m-cy-Iq-Sn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- ]mWv-Up-hn-\v.- `m-cy-am-
cp-am-bn- _-\v-[ s∏-´m¬- X¬£Ww- a-cn-°p-sa-∂v- ]m-Wv-Up-
hn-\v- im-]w- e-`n-®p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- `m-cy-bm-b- Ip-¥n- ba[¿-
Ω≥,- hm-bp,- C-{µ≥- F∂n-h-cn¬-\n-∂pw- K¿-`w- [-cn-®v- b-Ym-
{I-aw,- [¿-a-]p-{X≥,- `o-a≥,- A¿-Pp-\≥- F-∂o- a-°-sf- {]-k
hn- ® p.- am{Zn Aiz\o tZhXIfn¬\n∂v K¿`w[cn®v
\Ipes\bpw kltZhs\bpw {]khn®p.Cu- A©p-t]-cmWv-
]m-Wv-U-h-∑m¿.- ]m-Wv-Up- a-cn-®-t∏mƒ- am{Zn kXn- A\p-jv-Tn-
®p.- Ip-¥n- ]-©-]-m-Wv-U-h-∑m-sc- h-f¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- Po-hn®p.-

H-t∂Im¬- e-£w- t«m-Iß - f - p-≈- a-lm-`m-cX

- Ø
- n¬- ]Xn-s\´v-
]¿-h-ß-fn-em-bn- c-≠m-bn-cw- A-[-ym-b-ß-fpw- \q-dv- D-]]¿-h-
ß-fpw- A-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- aq-∂v- h¿-jw- sIm-≠m-Wv- thZ-
hym-k-a-l¿-jn- C-Xv- cNn-®-sX-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
hfsc- hn-i-Z-amb- H-cp- C-Xn-hr-Ø-amWv- `m-c-X-Øn-
t≥dXv.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
hn-Z¿-`b
- n-se- cm-Pm-hm-b- `o-jva
Ir-jv-W≥- B-Zy-am-bn- hn-hm-lw- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\p-tijw-
k-Xy-`m-a,- Pmw-_-h-Xn,- Im-fn-¥n,- an-{X-hn-µ,- k-Xy,- `{Z
(ssItIbn),- e-£v-a-Wm- Xp-S-ßn- ]-Xn-\m-dmbn-cØn- F-´v-
kv{Xo-I-sf- I-√ymWw- I-gn-®p.- H-cp- e-£-Øn- F¨-]
Xn\m-bn-cw- a°-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-hs{X- {io-Ir-jv-W-\v.-
]m-WU v- p-hn-s\-Xp-S¿-∂v- k-tlm-Zc
- \
- m-b- [r-Xc
- m-j{v- S¿- lkv-
Xn-\-]p-c-Øn-se- cm-Pm-hm-bn.- [r-X-cm-jv-{S-k-¥m-\-ß-fm-b-
Iuch¿- ]m-Wv-U-h¿-°v- A¿-l-am-b- A-h-Im-i-߃- sIm-Sp-
°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- A-h¿- XΩn¬- A-h-Im-i-Ø¿-°-ap-≠m-bn.-
Ah-Im-i-߃- t\-Snsb-Sp-°m-\m-bn- bp-≤w- sN-øm≥- Ir-jv-
W≥- ]m-Wv-U-h-∑m-sc- D-]-tZ-in-®p.- ]m-Wv-Uh- {]-ap-J-\m-b-
A¿-Pp-\-s≥-d- tX-cm-fn-bm-bn- Ip-cp-t£-{X- bp-≤-Øn¬- tkh-
\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂- Ir-jv-W≥,- bp-≤m-cw-`-Øn¬- _-\v-[p-°-sf-
h-[n-°m-≥- a-Sn-®v- B-bp-[w- Xm-sg-sh-°p-∂- A¿-Pp-\-\v- \¬-
Ip-∂- D]-tZ-i-ß-fmWv- `-K-h-ZvKo-X.- Ip-cpt£-{X- bp-≤-Øn¬-
]m-Wv-U-h¿- hn-P-bn-°p-I-bpw- Ah¿- `-c-Ww- \-S-ØpI-bpw- sN-
bv-Xp.-
hn-Z¿-`-bn-se- cm-Pm-hm-b- `o-jv-a-I-s≥-d- a-Iƒ- cp-K-van-Wn-sb-
bm-Wv- Ir-jv-W≥- B-Zy-am-bn- hn-hm-lw- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\p-
tijw- k-Xy-`m-a,- Pmw-_-h-Xn,- Im-fn-¥n,- an-{X-hn-µ,- k-Xy,- `{Z
(ssItIbn),- e-£a v- W
- m- Xp-Sß
- n- ]-Xn-\m-dmbn-cØn- F-´v- kv{Xo-
I-sf- I-√ymWw- I-gn-®p.- H-cp- e-£Ø - n- F¨-]X - n\m-bn-cw- a°-
fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-hs{X- {io-Ir-jv-W-\v.-
Ir-jv-W-s≥-d- a-°-fn-sem-cm-fm-b- kmw-_-h-s\,- bm-Z-h≥-
am¿- H-cp- D-∑m-Z-th-f-bn¬- H-cp- K¿-`n-Wn-bp-sS- th-jw-sI-´n-®v-
B- K¿-`nWn- {]-kh - n-°p-∂- Ip-™v- F-¥m-sW-∂v- ap-\n-am-tcmSv-
]-cn-lm-k-`m-h-Øn¬- tNm-Zn®p.- A-hƒ- H-cp- C-cp-ºp-e-° {]k-
hn-°p-sa-∂pw- A-Xv- b-mZ-h-cp-sS- \m-i-Øn\v- \n-Zm-\-am-Ip-sa-
∂pw- {Ip-≤-\m-b- ap\n- i-]n-®p.- ]n-t‰-∂p-X-s∂- kmw-_-h≥-
Ccp-º-p-e-°- {]-k-hn-°p-Ibpw- sN-bv-Xp.- A-h- D-c-®p-c-®v- s]m-
Sn-bm°n- I-S-en-te-s°-dn-s™-¶n-epw,- I-c-bv-°v- ASn-®p-I-b-dn-
tIm-ep-If - m-bn- h-f¿-∂p-h∂ - p.- bm-Zh¿- Cu- C-ct- ¶m-epIƒ-sIm-
≠v- ]-c-kv-]-cw- t]m-c-Sn-®v- acn®p.- Cu- C-cp-ºn-s≥-d- H-cp- `m-Kw-
th-S-\p-In-´n.- A-bm-f-Xv- A-º-p-ap-\bmbn- D-]-tbm-Kn-®p.- X-]- v-
sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂- {io-Ir-jv-W≥- am-\m-sW∂v- sX‰n-≤-cn-
®v- B- th-S≥- A-sº-bX v- p.- A-ºp-sIm-≠v- ho-W- {io-Ir-jvW\Sp-
Øv- h-∂- th-S≥- £-am-bm-N-\w- \-S-Øp-I-bpw- A-t±-lw- s]mdp-
Øp- sImSp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Zn-°p-I-fn-te-s°-√mw- {]Imiw-
hn-X-dn-s°m-≠v- IrjvW-≥- kz¿-K-Øn-te-°v- bm-{X-bm-bn.-
32
- I
- s
- ≥-d- a-Iƒ- cp-Kva
- n-Wn-sb-bmWv-
a-lm-`m-c-Xw- H-cp- kw-`-h- I-Y-b-s√-∂v- A-`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
h-cp-≠v.- A-Xv- sh-dp-sam-cp- I-Y-bm-sW-∂pw- Ir-jv-W≥,- A¿--
Pp-\≥- F-∂n-h¿- I-Ym-]m-{X-ßfm-sW-∂p-am-Wv- A-h-cp-sS-
]£w.- th-Z km-ln-Xy-Øn-sem-cn-SØ - pw- a-lm-`m-cX - - bp-≤s
- Ø-
°p-dn-®- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fn-se-∂-Xpw- _n.-kn.- \m-emw- i-X-I-Øn-
\v- ap-ºp-≈- H-cp- IrXn-bn-epw- a-lm-`m-c-X-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-d-™n-
´n-s√-∂-Xp-am-Wv- A-Xv- \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈- Im-c-W-am-bn-
]-db-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- C-¥y-bn¬- a-lm-`m-c-X-bp-≤w- \-S-∂p-sh-∂v-
]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂- Im-e-Øv- h-en-b- cm-Py߃- \n-e-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-
∂pw- C-hn-sS-sb-√mw- hnI-kn-X-am-b- \m-K-cn-I-X-Iƒ- kr-jv-Sn-
°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw- A-h¿-°v- h≥-tXm-Xn-ep-≈- ssk-\n-I-
i-Iv-Xn- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw- C-cp-ºv- C-¥y-bn¬- kp-e-`-am-bn-
D-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw- I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-c-lnX-am-
sW-∂pw- hm-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- tUm.- kn.-kn.- k¿-°m¿,- tUm.-
F®v.-Un.- k-¶m-en- (Quoted by B.B. Lal: Mahabharatha: Myth
and Reality, Page 4,5) Xp-S-ßn-b- {]-K¬-`-cm-b- ]-e-cp-sS-bpw-
A-`n-{]m-bw- C-Xm-Wv.-
hym-ks - ≥-d- aq-e- a-lm-`m-cX
- s
- Ø- A-Sn-kY v- m-\a
- m-°n- hnhn[-
C¥y≥- `m-j-I-fn¬- a-lm-`m-c-X- `m-jy-ß-fpw- a-‰pw- {]-kn-≤oI-
cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.- hymk-a-lm-`m-c-X-Xn-s≥-d- ]-Zm-\p-]-Z- a-e-bmf-
]-cn-`m-j-bm-Wv- sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿- Ip-™n-°p-´≥- X-ºp-cm≥- \n¿h-
ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- Xp-©-sØ-gp-Ø-Nv-O-s≥-d- {io-a-lm-`m-c-Xw-
In-fn-∏m-´m-Wv- G-‰-hpw- {]-kn-≤w.- hym-k-`m-c-X-tØm-Sv- \o-Xn-
]p-e¿-Øn-s°m-≠m-Wv- C-Xn-s≥-d- c-N-\- \-S-∂-sX-¶n-epw- Ihn-
I-fp-sS- `m-h-\- A-h-sb- kzm-[o-\n-®n´p-≠v.- {io-h-S-°pw-Iq¿- cm-
P-m-cm-P-h¿-a-- F-gpXp-∂p-:- ""`m-c-Xw- aq-e-Ø-n-\pw- F-gp-Ø-Nv-O-
s≥-d- In-fn-∏m-´n\pw- H-cp- {]-[m-\- h-y-Xym-k-ap-≈-Xv- k-hn-ti-
jw- kv-a-c-n-t°-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p.- hymk-hn-c-Nn-X-am-b- C-Xn-lm-k-
Øn¬- [¿-a-Øn-\m-Wv- ]-c-aam-b- {]m-[m-\yw- \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv.- A-Xn¬- `-Iv-Xn-°v- kv-Ym-\w- I¬-]-n-®n-´p-≠v.- A-Xv- A-
{][m-\w- A-s√-¶n¬- [¿-a-Øn-\v- Xm-sg-bm-Ip-∂p.- k¿-h-{X- Kn-
cn-in-J-cw-t]mse- {]-tim-`n-°p-∂-Xpw- A-sXm-∂p-X-s∂.- In-fn-
∏m-´n¬- a-lm-`-Iv-X-\mb- Xp-©-ØmNm-cy≥- aq-eØn-s≥-d- B-
kv-Yn-Xn-°v- A¬-]-w- H-cp- am-‰w- hcpØn-bn-´p-≠v'' (h-S-°pw-Iq¿-
cm-P-cm-P-h¿-a-:- {io-a-lm-`m-c-Xw,- t]-Pv.- 15-)-.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 33

im-kv-{X kw-hm-Zw-

kmt¶XnIhnZysb sh√p∂
P∑hmk\Iƒ
A_v-Zp¬- ap-kz-∆n¿-
kmt¶XnIabn hfsctbsd ]ptcmKan® PohnbmWv a\pjy≥. {]IrXnsb D]tbmKs∏
SpØns°m≠v Xs≥d BhiyØn\p≈ hyXykvX hkvXp°ƒ \n¿an°phm≥ a\pjy\v
km[n°pw. XeapdIfneqsS a\pjy≥ B¿Pns®SpØ AdnhmWv kmt¶XnIcwKsØ
alØmb hnπhØn\v \nanØambn´p≈Xv. ]gb AdnhpIfn¬ \n∂mWt√m ]pXnb
hnPvRm\w DcpØncnbp∂Xv. \mw C∂p]tbmKn®psIm≠ncn°p∂ kmt¶XnIta∑bp≈
hkvXp°sf√mwXs∂ \q‰m≠pIfmbn a\pjy≥ B¿Pn® hnPvRm\Øns≥d D¬]-
∂ßfmWv. Adnhv kºmZn°phm\pw AXv XeapdIfnte°v ]Icphm\mhiyamb
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
im-kv-{X kw-hm-Zw-
kt¶X߃ hnIkn∏ns®Sp°phm\pw In´nb Adnhv
h¿[n∏n°phm\psa√mw a\pjy\v Ignbp∂XpsIm≠mWv
CØcw kmt¶XnIhnZyIƒ hf¿ØnsbSp°phm≥ Ah\v
km[n°p∂Xv . AXn∂v a\pjys\ {]m]v X am°p∂Xv
Ah\pam{Xw e`n® hntij_p≤nbmWv . hntij_p
≤nbn√mØ a‰p PohnIƒ°v kmt¶XnIhnZyIsf°pdn®
Adnhv kºmZn°phmt\m AXv XeapdIfnte°v ]I
cphmt\m km[ya√. AXpsIm≠p Xs∂ \q‰m≠p
Iƒ°v a pºv Pohn® P¥p°fn¬\n∂v hyXykv X amb
bmsXmcp ]ptcmKXnbpw C∂v Pohn°p∂ P¥p°ƒ
t\Snbn´n√.
F∂m¬ PohnIƒ°v \¬Is∏´ncn°p∂ P∑hmk
\Iƒ (instincts) B[p\nI a\pjys\t∏mepw A¤pX
s∏SpØp∂hbmWv. IqSv \n¿an°phm\pw hgnbdnbphm\pw
i{Xphn¬\n∂v c£s∏Sphm\psa√mambn P¥p°ƒ°p≈
Nne IgnhpIƒ a\pjy¿ \q‰m≠pItfmfw an\s°´v
t\SnsbSpØ kmt¶XnIhnZytbmSv InS]nSn°p∂XmsW∂v
]d™m¬ AXv A¬]wt]mepw AXnitbmIvXnbmhpI
bn√. _p≤nPohnbmb a\pjy≥ \q‰m≠pItfmfw Kth
jWw \SØn I≠p]nSn® Imcy߃ Hcp_p≤nbpan√mØ
Pohnbn¬ P∑\mXs∂ D≠mhp∂hbmsW∂ hkvXpX
hyIvXam°p∂sX¥mWv?-
Cu P¥p°fpsS krjvSn°p ]n∂n¬ Hcp AXn_p≤n
am≥ Ds≠∂pXs∂!- tIhe bmZrNvOnIXbpsS
D¬]∂ß fmWv P¥p°ƒ F∂v hmZn°p∂h¿ ]et∏mgpw
AhbpsS P∑hmk\Isf°pdn®v \n»-–cmhmdmWv ]Xnhv.
Xeapd Ifmbp≈ _p≤nhym]mcØneqsS a\pjy≥
34
t\SnsbSpØ AdnhpIƒ tIhebmZr—-nIXbpsS ^eambn
P¥p°fn¬ Nneh°v P∑\m e`n®psh∂v hmZn°phm≥
AØcw BfpIfpsS t]mepw a\ m£n
kΩXn°p∂ns√∂XmWv hmkvXhw.
Im´nse F©n\ob¿
\n¿amW sshZKv [ yØn\v t]cptI´ P¥phn`mK
ßfnsem∂mWv _ohdpIƒ. AWs°´p \n¿amWØn\v
AXnhnZKv[cmbXn\m¬ _ohdpIsf Im´nse F©n\o
b¿am¿ F∂p hnfn°mdp≠v. icmicn Hcpao‰¿ \ofhpw
]Xns\´v Intem{Kmw Xq°hpap≈ _ohdn\v \¬Is∏
´ncn°p∂ imcocnILS\ \n¿amWØn\v A\ptbmPyam
bXmWv. aq¿®bp≈ Hmd©v \ndØnep≈ Dfn∏√pIƒ acw
apdn°m≥ _ohdpIsf klmbn°p∂p. Dd∏p≈ \J
ßtfmSp IqSnb ap≥Im¬hncepIfmWv aÆn¬ Ipgnbv°m≥
Chbv°p≈ Bbp[w. ac®n√°fpw sImºpIfpw ]nSn
°phm\pw Cu hncepIƒ _ohdpIsf klmbn°p∂p.
Xm≥ apdn°m\pt±in® acØn\p kao]w sN∂v hmen
¬Nmcn ]n≥ImepIfnencp∂v ap≥ImepIƒ sIm≠v ac
Øn¬ ]nSn®v {]kvXpX acw Dfn∏√p]tbmKn®v Im¿∂p
apdn°m\mcw`n°-p∂tXmsSbmWv _oh¿ AWs°´p \n¿
amWØns≥d {]mcw`{]h¿Ø\߃ XpSßp∂Xv. Cßs\
apdn®v X≈nbnSp∂ XSnIƒ ]ns∂ sNdnb IjvWßfm°n
am‰phm\pw _oh¿ Xs≥d ]√pIƒ D]tbmKn°p∂p. apdn®
XSn°jv W ߃ sh≈Ønen´v Hgp°n\\pIqeambn
Xmtgm´v t]mhpIbpw AWsIt´≠nSsØØnbm¬ Ah
I√pw sNfnbpap]tbmKn®v sh≈Øn¬ XmgvØnsh°p
Ibpw sNøp∂p. ]m¿]-nSØn\SpØv th≠{X DbcØn¬
sh≈amIp∂Xphsc AWs°´ns≥d Dbcw h¿[n∏ns®
Sp°pw. ]m¿]-nSØnte°p≈ hgnbn¬ ssiXyImeØp
t]mepw a™pd™p hgnap´mXncn°phm\pw `£Ww
IcpXnsh® kv Y etØ°v t]mIm\p≈ ]mIØnem
bncn°pw Cu PehnXm\w Hcp°p∂Xv . PehnXm\w
DbcmXncn°phm≥ X°cq]Ønep≈ Hcp hn≈epw
AWs°´n¬ _oh¿ \n¿an°p∂p.
AcphnIƒ°v IpdpsIbmWv _ohdpIƒ AWs°´p
\n¿an°p∂Xv. sh≈w sI´n\n¿Øn°gn™m¬ AXns≥d
AcnIntem {]IrXymbp≈ sNdpXpcpØpIfntem _oh¿
]m¿∏nSw \n¿an°m\mcw`n°p∂p. ac®n√Iƒ NfnIq´n H´n
s®SpØpsIm≠mWv Ch Nnc´ IangvØnb BIrXnbnep≈
hoSp \n¿an°p∂Xv. Iq´nte°v hmbpk©mcw A\pt]
£WobambXn\m¬ XWp∏pImeØpt]mepw apIƒ`mKw
ASbv°mdn√. sh≈w sI´n\n¬°p∂ `mKØn\v Ipd®v
apIfnembncn°pw ]m¿]-nSØns≥d kvYm\w. shffØn\
Snbnep≈ acs°mºpIƒ°SptØ°pw sh≈Øn¬ a‰p
`mKßfnte°pw ]m¿]- n SØn\IØp \n∂v t\sct]m
Iphm\p≈ kuIcyap≠mbncn°pw. Cu ]m¿]nSØn¬
\n∂v aÆneqsS Ipd®pZqcw t]mbn sh≈Ønte°p Xpd
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 35

im-kv-{X kw-hm-Zw-

°p∂ Hcp Xpc¶ambncn°pw ]pdtØ°p≈ hgn. Cu

IqSn\IsØ Dujva{IaoIcWØn\pth≠ kwhn[m\
ßfpw _oh¿ sNøp∂p. AXpaqew Fb¿I≠oj≥ sNbvX
hoSpIƒ°p Xpeyamb A¥co£amWv _oh¿ IqSpIƒ°
IØp≠mhpI. ]pdsabp≈ Dujva am‰w IqSpIƒ°v AI
Øv _m[n°mØ hn[ØnemWv _oh¿ Xs≥d ]m¿]-nSsØ
Fb¿I≠oj≥ sNøp∂Xv.
CØcw IqSpIƒ \n¿an°phm≥ _ohdpIsf ]Tn∏n®
XmcmWv? AWs°´p \n¿amWØns≥d kmt¶XnIhnZy
_ohdpIƒ°v ]d™psImSpØXmWv? Iq´n¬ G¿s]-SpØn
bncn°p∂ kwhn[m\߃°v C∂bn∂ ta∑Ifps≠∂v
_ohdpIsf a\ nem°ns°mSpØXmcmWv? IqSp \n¿am
WØns≥d kmt¶XnIhnZy XeapdIfneqsS ssIamdn
bmWv _oh¿ C∂p ImWp∂ coXnbnep≈ IqSpIƒ \n¿
an°p∂sX∂v Bcpw ]dbpIbn√. \q‰m≠pIƒ°v apºp
≠mbncp∂ _ohdpIfpw C∂p Pohn°p∂ _ohdpw \n¿an
°p∂Xv HtcXcw hoSpIƒ Xs∂. bmsXmcp ]ptcmKXnbpw
_ohdpIfpsS hoSp\n¿amWØnep≠mbn´n√. At∏mƒ
]ns∂ _ohdpIƒ°v hoSp\n¿amWhpw AWs°´p
\n¿amWhpw ]Tn∏n®XmcmWv? "P∑hmk\'bmsW∂mWv
imkv{XØns≥d DØcw. B[p\nI a\pjys\t∏mepw °ptºmƒ acs∏mØpIfmWv ssa\ Xs≥d kt¶Xambn
A¤pXs∏SpØp∂ Cu P∑hmk\ bmZrNvOnIXbpsS D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. KplIƒ°IØpw `nØnIfnepw Ifn
krjvSnbmsW∂p ]dbp∂Xv hnUvVnØamWv. AXn\p aÆp Ipg®v Ip∏nbpsS BIrXnbn¬ IqSpIq´p∂hcmWv
]n∂n¬ Hcp AXn_p≤nbpsS AkvXnXzamWv _p≤nbp≈h aoh¬]£nIƒ. kz¥w Dan\ocv ]ibmbn D]tbmKn®v
¿°v ImWm≥ IgnbpI. Xqh¬s°m≠v I∏v BIrXnbnemWv ic∏£nIƒ IqSp
hoSpIfpsS sshhn[yhpw Bkq{XWhpw \n¿an°p∂Xv. kqNnapJn, CØn°Æn°pcphn XpSßnb
]£nIƒ hr£inJcßfn¬ k©nt]mse Xqßn°n
]m¿]-nS\n¿amWØn¬ sshZKv[yw {]ISn∏n°p∂ Pohn
S°p∂ IqSpIfmWv \n¿an°p∂Xv. Xmac, Bº¬ XpSßn
IfmWv ]£nIƒ. ap´bnSp∂Xn\pw Ip™pßsf hf¿Øp
bhbpsS CeIfnemWv Xmact°mgn IqSp \n¿an°p∂Xv.
∂Xn\pw kzc£bv°pw th≠nbmWv ]£nIƒ IqSpIq
sh≈Ønep≈ ]p√pw N≠nbpw tiJcn®p NßmSwt]mse
´p∂Xv. \neØpw ]md∏pdØpw ap´bnSp∂ Nnebn\w Ipf
s]mßn°nS°p∂ IqSp≠m°n AXns\ sNSnbn¬ _‘n
t°mgnIfpw hf¿Øp]£nIfpw Icbn¬ Pohn°p∂ Nne
∏n°p∂hcmWv apßmt¶mgnIƒ an° ]£nIfpw Bcpw
]£nIfpsamgn®v `qcn]£w ]£nh¿Kßfpw IqSp \n¿an
ImWmØ kvYeßfnemWv IqSp°q´p∂sX¶n¬ B‰
°p∂hbmWv.
°pcphn CXns∂mcp A]hmZamWvv. sXßv, apf, Icnº\
]e coXnIfpw cq]ßfpw IqSp\n¿amWØn\pth≠n XpSßnb acßfn¬ F√mhcpw Im¨sI Xqßn°nS°p∂
]£nIƒ kzoIcn°p∂p≠v. ]£nIfpsS LS\bv°pw IqSp coXnbnemWv B‰°pcphnbpsS IqSv. s\√ns≥d HmeIƒ,
IfpsS [¿aØn\pw A\pkrXambn´mWv IqSp \n¿am sXtßmeIfn¬\n∂v No¥nsbSp°p∂ \m-cpIƒ F∂n
WcoXnIsf∂v kq£v a hniIe\Øn¬ hyIv X amhpw. hbp]tbmKn®v \n¿an°p∂ IqSpIfnte°p≈ {]thi
Np≈n°ºpIfpw \mcpIfpamWv Im° IqSp≠m°m≥ \Zzmcw Xmsgbmbncn°pw. AXn\m¬ ]£nap´ `£n°p∂
D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. aÆnepw a‰pw sNdnb IpgnIfp≠m°n CgP¥p°ƒ°pw a‰pw IqSn\p≈n¬ IS°m≥ Ignbn√.
AXv IqSmbn D]tbmKn°pIbmWv ameIWvT≥, aW
tX\o®Ifpw IqSp \n¿amWcwKsØ AXnImb∑m
¬∏p≈v XpSßnb ]£nIƒ sNøp∂Xv. Xdbn¬ sNdnb
cmsW∂v \mw a\ nem°n. H´pw sagp°v A[nIs®ehp
Ipgnbp≠m°n ]p¬\mcpIfpw thcpIfpw sIm≠ph∂v
hcmsX Ignbp∂{X kvYew {]tbmP\s∏SpØns°m≠v
\nd®v tIm∏t]msebp≈ IqSpIq´p∂hcmWv hm\ºmSnIƒ.
PymanXobamb IWniXtbmsS \n¿an°s∏Sp∂ tX\o®
aÆn¬ \o≠ amfwXpc∂v AXns≥d A‰Øv Ad
°qSv C∂pw kmt¶XnIhnZKv[sc A¤pXs∏SpØp∂p.
t]msebp≈ IqSp≠m°pIbmWv ao≥sImØnIfpw
thenØØIfpw sNøp∂Xv. {Zhn®pXpSßnb acs°m Aºcn∏n°p∂ kmaqlyPohnXw
ºpIfpw XSnbpw Xpc∂psIm≠v acwsImØn IqSp\n¿an IqSp \n¿an°pIbpw kmaqlyPohnXw \bn°pIbpw
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
im-kv-{X kw-hm-Zw-
sNøp∂ jUv]ZßfmWv DdpºpIƒ. tX\o®Isft∏m
seØs∂ kmaqlyPohnXØn\v hfsctbsd {]m[m\yw
\¬Is∏´ncn°p∂ Hcp Pohnh¿KamWnXv. dmWnIfpw
sXmgnemfnIfpw aSnb∑mcpsa√mw tX\o®Isft∏mse
Ddpºp tImf\nbnepap≠v. [¿aßsf√mw tX\o®Ifnte
Xpt∏mse hn`Pn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. IqSpIfp≠m°p∂Xpw
`£Ww kºmZn°p∂Xpw IqSns\ {]Xntcm[n°p∂Xp
sa√mw {]Xyp¬]mZ\ tijnbn√mØ s]ÆpdpºpIƒ˛
tPmen°m¿˛BWv.
]pdsa\n∂v Blmcw kºmZn®v Iq´nseØn°p∂h
cmWv `qcn]£w C\w DdpºpIƒ. F-∂m¬ sSIvkmkn¬
ImWs∏Sp∂ Hcp C\w Ddpºv- IrjnsNøpIbpw AXns≥d
hnfshSp∏v \SØpIbpw sNøp∂p≠v. ]p¬ØInSnbn¬
\n∂v hnØpIƒ sIm≠ph∂v \´phf¿Øn hnfshSp°p∂
DdpºpIfmWnh. Atacn°bn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ as‰mcpXcw
DdpºpIƒ HcpXcw ^wKkns\ XßfpsS IqSpIfn¬ \´p
hf¿Øn `£n°p∂hbmWv. apØ(Aphids)sb∂ sNdp
Pohn {khn°p∂ tX≥ (Honey Dew) IpSn°phm≥ th≠n
Ahsb sIm≠ph∂v XßfpsS Iq´n¬ hf¿Øp∂ Ddpºp
h¿Kßfp≠v. a\pjycpsS ]ip ]cn]me\Øn\v kam\amb
{]hrØnsNøp∂ CØcw DdpºpIƒ sX°p]Sn™md≥
Atacn°bnemWp≈Xv. a‰v Ddpºn≥ Iq´ßsf B{Ian®v
Ddpºn≥Ip™pßsf `£n°pIbpw bphDdpºpIsf ]nSn
®psIm≠pt]mbn ASnahrØn sNøn°pIbpw sNøp∂h
bmWv Batkm¨ DdpºpIƒ. a\pjysct∏mse {IqcX
ioeam°nb DdpºpIfpaps≠∂¿Y-w!
DdpºpIfpsS Bibhn\nabcoXnbpw Gsd {it≤bam
36
Wv. kv]¿i\˛cmkam¿KßfmWv {][m\ambpw Bibhn\n
abØn\p]tbmKn°p∂Xv. Bibhn\nabØn\pth≠n
D]tbmKn°p∂ cmkktµi߃°mWv s^tdmtamWpIƒ
F∂p]dbp∂Xv. hyXykvX s^tdmtamWpIfp]tbmKn®v
hyXykv X Bib߃ ssIamdphm≥ DdpºpIƒ°v
Ignbpw. Hcp Ddpºv FhnsSsb¶nepw h√ Blmc]Zm
¿∞hpw Is≠Ønbm¬ {]kvXpX BlmcsØ°pdn®v
a‰p≈h¿°v hnhcw \¬Ip∂Xv HcpXcw s^tdmtamWpIƒ
hgnbmWv . ap∂n¬ Kan°p∂ Ddpºv D¬]mZn∏n°p∂
s^tdmtam¨ ktµiamWv ]n∂nse Ddpºn\p≈ hgn
ImWn°p∂Xv. dmWn BWpdºpIsf BI¿jn°p∂Xpw
s^tdmtamWpIƒ D]tbmKn®pXs∂. IqSpIƒ°v A]mb
km[yXbp≈t∏mƒ Imh¬°mcmb DdpºpIsf Xømdm
°p∂Xv dmWnbpw a‰p s]ÆpdpºpIfpw D¬]mZn∏n°p∂
s^tdmtamWpIfmWv. Nne Ddpºph¿K߃ i_vZap≠m
°p∂psh∂pw {]kvXpX i_vZØneqsS Ah Bibhn\n
abw \SØp∂ps≠∂pw sXfn™n´ps≠¶nepw AXns≥d
hniZmwißsf°pdn®p a\ nem°m≥ \ap°v CXphsc
Ign™n´n√.
DdpºpIƒ Bibhn\nabw sNømdps≠∂ hkvXpXbn
te°v hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ \¬Ip∂ kqN\ ImWpI:
"Aßs\ Ah¿ Ddpºn≥ XmgvhcbneqsS sN∂t∏mƒ
Hcp Ddpºv ]d™p: tl; DdpºpItf, \n߃ \nßfpsS
]m¿]-nSßfn¬ {]thin®psIm≈pI. kpsseam\pw At±
lØns≥d ssk\yßfpw Ah¿ Hm¿°mØhn[Øn¬
\nßsf Nhn´ntØ®pIfbmXncn°s´'(27:18).-
BcmWv DdpºpIƒ°v cmkktµißfneqsS Bibhn
\nabw \SØm≥ ]Tn∏n®Xv? hyXykvX h¿Kßfn¬s]´
DdpºpIƒ°v AhbpsS PohnXw \ne\n¿Øm\mhiyamb
A\pIqe\߃ \¬InbXmcmWv? k¿-th-iz-c\ - m-b- X-ºpcm-
s\- \n-tj-[n-®p-sIm-≠v- Cu- tNm-Zy-߃-s°-m-∂pw- D-Ø-cw-
I-s≠-Øm-\m-hn-√,- Xo¿-®-.-
PohtemIsØ tkmtWm{Km^-¿
cm-{Xn-bn¬- Cc]n-Sn-°p-∂ Po-hn-Ifn-se∂m-Wt√m- h∆m-
ep-Iƒ.- Ccp-fS™ Kp-lbn¬- Xm-akn-°p-∂ Ch Kp-lm-`n-
Øn-Ifn¬- XSbm-sX ]d∂p-bcp-∂sXßs\bm-Wv?- kap-{Zm-
¥¿- ` m- K Øp- ≈ hkv - X p- ° sf∏‰n- ]Tn- ° p- h m≥- \mw-
C∂p]tbm-Kn-°p-∂ tkm-tWm-{Km-^n-Iv- D]IcWßfp-sS
AtX XXz-ap-]tbm-Kn-®v- h∆m-ep-Ifp-sS ico-cØn-ep-≈ Nne
A\p-Iq-e\ßfm-Wv- Ahsb CXn-\p- km-[y-am-°p-∂Xv.-
hfsc Db¿-∂ BhrØn-bn-ep-≈ Aƒ-{Sm-tkm-Wn-Iv- i_v-
Zho-Nn-Iƒ- \n¿-an-°p-hm≥- h∆m-ep-Iƒ-°v- km[n-°pw.- 20000
ap-X¬- 100000 hsc sl¿-Sv-kv- BhrØn-bn-ep-≈ Cu- i_v-Zw-
tIƒ-°p-hm≥- a\p-jy¿-°v- km-[y-a√.- h∆m-ep-Ifp-sS sXm-
≠bn¬- kv-Yn-Xn- sNøp-∂ kz-cX¥p-°ƒ- ]p-ds∏Sp-hn-°p∂
Db¿-∂ BhrØn-bn-ep-≈ i_v-Zkv-]µßƒ- {]Xn_‘
(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 50 ¬-)
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 37

A-√m-lp-hn-s\- A-dn-bp-I˛ 12 A-_v-Z-p¬- Jm-en-Jv-

XuloZpw hntamN\hpw

"XuloZv' F∂ kmt¶XnI i_vZ alm]m]amWv in¿°v . ssZhnIm\p

XuloZnep≠mhp∂ kq£vaamb {`wi
Øn\v "H∂m°pI'sb∂mW¿Y-w. A√m {KlØns≥d kz¿KtemItØ°p≈ sØt∏mepw Ckv e mw AXohKuch
lphns≥d GIXzsØbpw AZznXobX {]thi\w \njn≤am°n°fbp∂ tØmsSbmWv t\m°n°mWp∂Xv. ASn
sbbpw Ipdn°p∂ ]ZamWXv. {kjvSm alm]m]w! Ødbnse sNdnsbmcp Cf°w t]mepw
hpw kwc£I\pamb Xºpcm≥ sI´nSØns≥d \ne\n¬]ns\ _m[n
Ckv e mans≥d ASnkv Y m\XØz
kØbnepw KpW\mahntijWßfn °pat√m.
amWv XuloZv. kIe CkvemanI hnizm
epsa√mw GI\pw AZznXob\pamsW kßfpw BNmcßfpw A\pjv T m\ a\pjysc ]q¿Wambn kwkvI-cn
∂pw Ah∂pam{Xw AhImis∏´ Bcm ßfpw PohnXØns≥d hnhn[ cwK °pIbpw Aßs\ hntamN\Ønte°v
[\Iƒ a‰m¿°pw A¿]-n ®pIqsS∂p ßfn¬ ]men°s∏tS≠ \nba\n¿tZ \bn°pIbpamWv "XuloZv' sNøp∂Xv.
ap≈ Ckv e manI XØ- z sØbmWv ißfpsa√mw XuloZv F∂ ASnØd k¿h-iIvX\pw k¿h-PvR\pamb A√m
"XuloZv' F∂ i_vZw {]Xn\n[oIcn bnt∑emWv kvYm]n°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv.
lphnep≈ hnizmkØns≥d ASnØ
°p∂Xv. Ckv e mans≥d {]]©ho£Whpw dbn¬ kvYm]n°s∏´ PohnXw hnaehpw
XuloZns≥d t\¿hn]coXamWv am\hk¶¬]hpw aqeykn≤m¥ß hnip≤hpambncn°psa∂ ImcyØn¬
in¿°v. A√mlphns≥d kØbntem fpsa√mw \n¿[cn°s∏Sp∂Xv Xulokwibsam∂pan√. acWm\¥c Pohn
KpWhntijWßfntem a‰mscsb Zns≥d aqeØn¬\n∂mWv. XuloZm XØnse {]Xn^ew am{Xw Imw£n®v
¶nepw ]¶ptN¿°pItbm Bcm[\Iƒ Ip∂ ASnkvYm\inesb°pdn®v sNøp∂ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ kzm¿Y-
a‰m¿s°¶nepw ka¿]-n°pItbm sNøp icnbmb coXnbn¬ a\ nem°m≥ XbpsStbm temIam\yØns≥dtbm
∂Xn∂mWv in¿°v F∂v ]dbp∂Xv. Cu Ign™m¬ Abmƒ°v Ckvemsa¥m em©\t]mepap≠mhpIbn√. \nkzm¿Y-
{]]©Øns≥d krjvSnkvYnXn kwlm sW∂v a\ nembn. Cs√¶ntem cpw ssZhnIam¿KZ¿i\{]Imcw Pohn
cßfn¬ A√mlph√mØ a‰m¿s°¶n Abmƒ°v Ckvemw a\ nemhpIbn√;°p∂hcpamb hyIv X nIsf krjv S n
epw ]¶ps≠∂ hnizmkw in¿°mWv. AXns≥d I¿aImWvUsØtbm aqey ®psIm≠mWv Ckvemw kmaqlyhnπhw
ssZhnI GIXzØn¬ H∂ne[nIw kn≤m¥ßsftbm°pdn®v am{Xw a\ n
km[n°p∂Xv. hyhkvYnXnbpsS am‰w
hyIvXnIfps≠∂ hnizmkhpw H∂n em°nb Hcmƒ°v Ckvemans≥d Zm¿i
hgn a\pjyscsb√mw kwkvI-cn®v If
e[nIw aq¿ØnIfnembn GIssZhw \nIamb HuPeysØtbm ssk≤m bmsa∂ `uXnIZ¿i\ßfpsS X-Xz-
kvYnXn sNøp∂psh∂ k¶¬]hpsa ¥nIamb ASnØdsbtbmIpdn® Ah im- k v { Xhpambn Ckv e mw tbmPn°p
√mw in¿°pXs∂. A√mlphns≥d t_m[ap≠mhpIbn√. XuloZmIp∂ ∂n√. hyIvXnIfpsS a\xkvYnXnbnepw
GsX¶nepw KpWhntij߃ krjvSn ASnØd `{ZamhpIbmsW¶n¬ Ah h¿Ø\ßfnepw ]cnh¿Ø\ap≠m°n
Iƒ°ps≠∂v IcpXp∂Xpw in¿°mbn s≥d PohnXho£Ww `{ZamhpIbpw s°m≠mWv kmaqly hnπhw km[n
Øocpw. A√mlphn\v am{Xw AhImi AXphgn kzm`mhnIambnØs∂ aqeyt°≠Xv F∂mWv AXns≥d \ne]mSv.
s∏´ Bcm[\mhgn]mSpIƒ krjv S n hØmb Hcp PohnXkwkvImcw \n¿KhyIvXnsb hnaeoIcn°pIbpw hnip
Iƒ°v ka¿∏n°p∂Xpw in¿°mWv. fn°s∏SpIbpw sNøpsa∂mWv Ckvemw
≤oIcn°pIbqw sNbv X psIm≠mWv
kIe \∑Isfbpw [qfoIcn®pIfbp∂ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv . AXpsIm≠pXs∂ XuloZv a\pjysc hntamN\Ønte°v
\bn°p∂Xv.
k¿h-iIvX\pw k¿h-PvR\pamb A√mlp ChnsSbmWv Ckvem
hnep≈ hnizmkØns≥d ASnØdbn¬ kvYm]n ans≥d hntamN\ k¶¬
°s∏´ PohnXw hnaehpw hnip≤hpambncn°p ]w {]kIv X amhp∂Xv .
sa∂ ImcyØn¬ kwibsam∂pan√. ]´nWnbn¬\n∂pw ]cn
acWm\¥c PohnXØnse {]Xn^ew am{Xw h´Øn¬\n∂pw `uXn
Imw£n®v sNøp∂ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ kzm¿Y- Iamb ]cm[o\XIfn
XbpsStbm temIam\yØns≥dtbm ¬\n∂pap≈ tamN\
Øn\v Ckv e mw A¿l
em©\t]mepap≠mhpIbn√.
amb kv Y m\w \¬In
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 38

A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
bn´p≠v. AXn∂mhiyamb kmaqlnI Jp¿B\nI {]kvXmh\bn¬ a\pjy °p≈ ]cnlmchpw hnaeoIcWØn
\nbaßfp≠mbn´p≠v. F∂m¬, {]k s≥d ka{Kamb hnaeoIcWamWv eqsSbp≈ hnIk\amsW∂mWv B[p
vXpX hntamN\amWv G‰hpw ASnkv hnh£n°p∂sX∂¿Yw. BXvamhns≥d \nI imkv{X Zm¿i\nI∑m¿ Nq≠n°m
Ym\]cambn Bhiyap≈Xv F∂ bpw a\ ns≥dbpw icocØns≥dbpw Wn°p∂Xv. tIheimkv{XØns≥d hIv
`uXnI Z¿i\ßfpsS Imgv N∏mSnt\mSv hnaeoIcWtØmSpIqSn am{Xta a\p Xm°ƒ kzX{¥amb KthjWw A\ph
Ckv e mw tbmPn°p∂n√. hyIv X nbp jy\v hnPb°m\mhq F∂ Jp¿B\nI Zn°Wsa∂pw am\hXmhmZ°m¿ Kth
sSbpw kaqlØns≥dbpw hnaeoIcW ho£Ww am{XamWv hntamN\sØ jW߃°v hne°v I¬]n°Wsa∂pw
(XkvInbØv˛salvation) ØneqsSbmWv kw_\v[n® hyIvXhpw B[nImcnIhp Aeapdbn´psIm≠ncn°p∂Xn\nsS
hntamN\ (Xlvcodv˛libe ration)ap≠m amb tcJ {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xv. imkv{XtemIw hyIvXamsbmcp {]Xnk
th≠sX∂mWv Ckvemans≥d ImgvN hyIv X nIƒ \∂mhmsX kaqlw \v[nbnemWn∂v. Hcp `mKØv imkv{X]p
∏mSv. Aßs\bp≈ hntamN\Øn\p \∂mhpIbns√∂ hkvXpX C∂v F√m tcmKXn {]IrXnsbbpw ]cnkvYnXnsb
am{Xta kvYmbo`mhap≠mhq. ChnsS hcpw AwKoIcn®pIgn™n´p≠v. icoc bpw Aßs\ a\pjyscbpw XI¿°p∂
Ckv e mw `uXnI Z¿i\ßfpambn Øns≥dbpw a\ ns≥dbqw BXvamhn Xn\v \nanØambns°m≠ncn°p∂p.
Bib]camb hyXncnIv X X ]pe¿ s≥dbpw ka{Kamb ]cnip≤nbneqsS adp`mKØv imkv{XsØ Hgn®p\n¿Øn
Øp∂p. hyIvXnbpsSbpw kaqlØns≥d am{Xta hyIvXnIƒ \∂mhpIbp≈q. s°m≠p≈ \mKcnIXsb°pdn®v Nn¥n
bpw hnaeoIcWw cmjv{Sob hnπhØn CXp aq∂ns\bpw Htct]mse ]cnKWn °phm≥ t]mepw IgnbmØ hn[Øn¬
eqsSbmWv D≠mth≠sX∂v `uXnI °p∂psh∂Xv Ckvemans\ a‰p `uXnI a\pjy¿ imkv{Xhpambn _\v[n°s∏´n
Z¿i\߃ ka¿Yn°p∂p. hnπhw hyIv Z¿i\ßfn¬\n∂pw kv Y m]\aXß cn°p∂p. imkv{XsØ Fßs\ am\ho
XnbpsSbpw kaqlØns≥dbpw hnaeo fn¬\n∂pw Htct]mse hyXncnIvXam Icn°mw F∂ N¿®bnemWv imkv{XZm
IcWØneqsSbmWv IcKXamhpIsb °p∂p. BXv a mhns\ AhKWn®p ¿i\nI∑m¿ Ct∂¿s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. Chn
∂mWv Jp¿Bs≥d ImgvN∏mSv. sIm≠v icocØns≥d ]pjvSn°pth≠n sSbmWv "hnaeoIcWØneqsSbp≈
{]hmNI \ntbmKØns≥d ]ca{] bmWv `uXnIZ¿i\߃ {ian°p∂sX hnIk\w' F∂ Jp¿B\nIamb Bi
[m\amb e£yw a\pjysc hnaeoIcn ¶n¬ t\scadn®v icocsØ AhKWn®p bw {]kIvXamhp∂Xv.
°pIbmbncp∂p. Zpx-kz`mhßfn¬ \n sIm≠v BXvaob tam£ØnseØnt® C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-®- B-cm-[-\-Iƒ- GI-
∂pw Zp¿hrØnIfn¬\n∂pw apIvXamIp cm\mWv kvYm]\aX߃ Blzm\w ssZ-h-Xz-sa-∂- B-i-b-sØ- F-√m- A¿-Y-
hm≥ kaqlsØ kPvPam°pIbmWv sNøp∂Xv. CkvemamIs´ \^vkns≥d Øn-epw- {]-tbm-K-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- hy-Iv-
{]hmNI∑m¿ sNbvXXv. kz¥w AkvXn hnaeoIcWØneqsS hnPbnIfmhp Xn-sb- hn-a-eo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-h-gn- Ip-Spw-_-
XzsØ hnaeoIcn°pIbmbncp∂p {]hm Isb∂mWv ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. icochpw sØ-bpw- k-aq-l-sØ-bpw- cm-jv-{S-sØ-bp-
NI∑m¿ a\pjytcmSv Bhiys∏´Xv. a\ pw BXvamhpw Htct]mse ]cnK sa-√mw- kw-kv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-ø-p-∂p.-
hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv t\m°q: Wn°s∏SWsa∂¿Yw. A©p- t\-c-sØ- \n¿-_-\v-[- \-a-kv-Im-c-
"Xo¿®bmbpw AXns\ (a\pjymkvXn ChnsS "hnaeoIcWw' F∂v A¿Yw am-Wv- H-cp- ap-kv-enw- H-c-h-k-c-Øn-epw- H-gn-
XzsØ) ]cnip≤am°nbh≥ hnPbn®p. \¬Inbncn°p∂Xv "XkvInbØv' F∂ ®p-Iq-Sm≥- ]m-Sn-√m-Ø- B-cm-[-\.- H-cp- Zn-
AXns\ If¶s∏SpØnbh≥ Xo¿®bm Ad_n]ZØn\mWv. Cu ]ZØn\v hna h-ks - Ø- ap-kev- n-an-s≥-d- Po-hn-Xa
- m-cw-`n-°p-
bpw \n¿`mKyaSbpIbpw sNbv X p.' eoIcWw F∂pw hnIk\w F∂pw c≠ ∂-Xp-X-s∂- \-a-kv-Im-cw- sIm-≠m-Wv.- A-
(91:9,10) ¿Yap≠v. a\pjymkvXnXzØns≥d hnip cp-tWm-Z-b-Øn-\v- ap-ºv- \n¿-h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-
ChnsS "a\pjymkvXnXzw' F∂p ]cn ≤nbneqsSbmWv hnIk\ap≠mhp ∂- {]-`m-X-\-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-eq-sS- k¿-h-i-Iv-
`mjs∏SpØnbncn°p∂v "\^vkv' F∂ Isb∂pw Cu Zzbm¿Y ]ZØns≥d X-\m-b- {k-jv-Sm-hn-\v- ap-ºn¬-\n-∂v- A-h-
Ad_n]ZsØbmWv. BXvamhv (dqlv), D]tbmKØn¬\n∂v A\pam\n°mhp∂ s≥-d- kv-Xp-Xn-Io¿-Ø-\-ß-fm-e-]n-°p-I-
a\ v (J¬_v), PUw (PkZv) F∂nh XmWv. C∂v imkv{XtemIw FØns∏ bpw- Xn-∑-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-am-b- Po-hn-Xw-
aq∂pw ASßnbXmWv \^vkv. hnip≤ ´ncn°p∂Xv {][m\s∏´ {]Xnk\v[n \-bn-°p-hm≥- A-h-s≥-d- A-\p-{K-l-ß-fm-
Jp¿B≥ "\^vkv' F∂p
{]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv a\p
jys\ ka{Kambn kqNn∏n C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-®- B-cm-[-\-Iƒ- GI-ssZ-
°phm\mWv . BXv a mhpw hXz-sa-∂- B-i-b-sØ- F-√m- A¿-Y-Øn-epw-
a\ pw PUhpw IqSnt®cp {]tbm-K-h-Xv-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- hy-Iv-Xn-sb- hn-a-eo-
tºmgmWv a\pjy≥ F∂ I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-h-gn- Ip-Spw-_-sØ-bpw-
khntijamb krjvSnbp
≠mhp∂Xv. "a\pjymkvXn
kaqlsØ- bpw- cm-jv-{S-sØ-bp-sa-√mw-
XzsØ ]cnip≤am°nbh kwkvI-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-ø-p-∂p.
\mWv hnPbn°pI'sb∂
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 39

A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
h-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v- Po-hn-X- bn¬-\n-∂pw- \njn-≤I - ¿-aØ {h-Xm-\pjv-Tm-\am-Wv- a-s‰m-cp- {]-[-m-\-
- n¬-\n-∂pw- X-
hr-Øn-I-fm-cw-`n-°p-∂- H-cmƒ-°v- ]n-s∂- S-bp-∂p.- A-√m-lp-sh- Hm¿-an-°p-I-sb-∂-s∏-´- B-cm-[-\.- {]-`m-Xw- ap-X¬- {]-tZm-
ssZ-h-tIm-]-Øn-\v- ]m-{X-am-Ip-∂- ]m-X-bn- Xv- G-‰-hpw- a-l-Øm-b- Im-cyw- X-s∂-bm-jw- h-sc- A-∂-]m-\o-b-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- hn-
eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-hm≥- km-[n-°p-tam?- {]- Ip-∂p.- \-n-߃- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂-sX-t¥m- Im-c-]q¿-Øo-I-cW-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- hn-´p-
`m-X- \-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-eq-sS- ssI-h-cn-®- B- A-Xv- A-√m-lp- A-dn-bp-∂p'- (A¬-A≥-I- \n¬-°p-I-bm-Wv- C-kv-emw- {h-Xm-\p-jv-Tm-
Xv-a-hn-ip-≤n-bp-sS- H-fn-a-ßp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- a- _q-Øv-:- 45).- \w- sIm-≠v- hn-h-£n-°p-∂-Xv.- ssZ-h-ln-
[ym-lv-\- \-a-kv-Im-cw- h-s∂-Øp-I-bpw- A- X-sØ- am-{Xw- am-\n-®p-sIm-≠v- B-lm-c-
\-a-kv-Im-cw- I-gn-™m¬- ]n-s∂- C-kv-
t∏m-gpw- ]m-]-tam-N-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bpw- ]m-\o-b-߃- sh-Sn-bp-I-bpw- hn-Im-c-߃-
em-an¬- G-‰-hpw- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- B-cm-[-\m-
am¿-K-{`w-iw- kw-`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p- I¿-a-am-Wv- k-Im-Øv- A-Y-hm- \n¿-_\v-[-\n-b{- ¥-n° - p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂- H-cm-fn¬- ssZ-
th-≠n-bpw- ]-S-®-X-ºp-cm-\p- ap-º-n¬- ssI- Zm-\w.- k-º-Øn-s≥d- kw-kv-I-c-W-am-Wv- h-t_m-[-hpw- kq-£v-a-X-bpw- h¿-[n-°p-sa-
sI-´n-\n-∂pw- \-{a-in-c-kv-I-\m-bpw- km-jv- ∂- Im-cy-Øn¬- kw-i-b-sam-∂p-an-√.- k-
k-Im-Øv.- k-m-ºØn-I- hn-j-a-a-\p-`-hn-°p-
Smw-Kw- \-an-®pw- ap-kv-enw- {]m¿Yn-°p-∂p.- ∂- hy-Iv-Xn-I-sf- k-lm-bn-®p-sIm-≠v- A-Zm-k-a-b-hpw- Xm≥- ssZ-h-Øm¬- \n-co-£n-
a-[ym-lv-\- \-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-s≥-d- kv-a-c-W- hcp-sS- hn-j-a-X-Iƒ- ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂- t_m-[w- am-{X-am-Wv- Hcp-
bn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-\m-hp-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºv- km- ap-kve
\v- k-aq-l-sØ- k-Pv-P-am-°p-hm-\m-bn- C- - n-an-s\- {h-Xa - \- p-jvT - n-°p-hm≥- t{]cn-
bm-lv-\- \-a-kv-Im-cw- h-s∂-Øp-I-bpw- ho- kv-emw- \-S-∏m-°n-b- B-cm-[-\m- k-{ºZm-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- H-cp- am-k-am-Wv- \n¿-_-\v-[-
≠pw- ssZ-h-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-®v- {]-h¿- b-am-Wn-Xv.- k-ºm-Zy-Øn-\pw- Ir-jn-°pw-{hXw- I¬-]n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X - v.- C-{X-bpw-
Øn-°m-sa-∂pw- ]m-]ß - f - n¬-\n-∂- v- A-I∂ - p- I-∂p-Im-en-kº - Ø - n-\pw- \m-Wb Im-ew- Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn- D-]-hk-n-°p-∂- H-cm-
- Ø- n-\p-sa-
\n¬-°m-sa-∂pw- ap-kv-enw- {]-Xn-Pv-R sN- fn¬- ssZ-ht- _m-[h
√mw- A-h-bp-sS- tX-m-X-\p-k-cn-®v- k-Im-Øv- - pw- kq-£a v- X- b - pw- hf¿-
øp-∂p.- km-bm-lv-\- \-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-eq-sS- ∂p-h-cn-I-bpw- Po-hn-X-Øn-ep-S-\-o-fw- tZm-
\¬-Ip-hm≥- ap-X-em-fn- _m-[y-kv-Y-\m-Wv.-
t\-Sn-sb-Sp-Ø- kw-ip-≤n-bn¬-\n-∂v- hy-Xn- [-\n-Is- ≥-d- Hu-Zm-cy-sa-∂- \n-ebv° j-_m-[-sb- kq-£n-°p-hm≥- A-bmƒ- k-
- √ - ,- Zcn-
N-en-®v- Zq-jn-X- hr-Øn-I-fn-te-°v- {i-≤- Xn- {Z-s≥-d- A-h-Im-i-sa-∂- \n-e-bv°m-Wv- ∂-≤-\m-hp-I-bpw- sN-øpw.- t\m-ºp-Im-c-
cn-bm≥- km-[y-Xbp-≈- k-a-b-sa-Ø-p-tºm- kIm-Øn-s\- Jp¿-B≥- ]-cn-Nb - s\n¬- hy-IvX
- ∏-Sp-Øp- - n-]c- a - m-b- Xym-Ka - t- \m-`m-hh - pw-
tg-°pw- k-\[ v- ym-\a
- k
- Iv- m-cØ- n-te-°v- apkv- ∂-Xv.- k-º-∂-s≥-d- A-Sp-Øp-\n-∂v- cmjv-tk-h\ - k- ∂ - ≤ - X- b - pw- A¿-]W - t- _m-[h - pw-
enw- {]-th-in-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-Ign-™v- cm{Xn- {S-tam- k-aq-lw- D-Ø-c-hm-Z-s∏-Sp-Øn-b h-f¿-Øp-∂tXm-sSm-∏w-X-s∂- A-h-\n¬-
bn¬- sX-‰p-Ip-‰-߃-°v- km-[y-X-Iƒ- k-ak
kYm-]-\-ß-tfm- ]-n-cn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bpw- A¿- - r-jvS- n kvt- \-lh - pw- km-aq-ln-It- _m-
Gsd-bp-≈- k-a-b-a-Sp-°p-tºm-tg-°pw- ho- [-ap-≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- {h-Xm-\p-
l-X-s∏-´-h¿-°v- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-øp-I-bp-am-
≠pw- \n-im-\-a-kv-Im-c-Øn-eq-sS- ]m-]-tam- Wv- k-Im-Øn-s≥-d- cq-]w.- km-º-Øn-I-am-jvTm-\Ø - n-\v- I-gn-bp-∂p.- hn-i∏ - n-s≥-d- thZ-
N-\-Øn-\m-bn- {]m¿-Yn-°p-Ibpw- ssZ-h-im- \- A-\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp-∂- t\m-ºp-Im-c-\v- ]´n-
b- A-Xym¿-Øn-bm-Wv- ]-e-t∏m-gpw- a-\p-jy-
k-\-Iƒ- A-\p-k-cn-°m-sa-∂v- {]-Xn-Pv-R- Wn-∏m-h-ß-tfm-Sp-≈- Zo-\m-\p-I-º- h-f¿
sc- a-lm-]m-]-ß-fn-te-°v- \-bn-°p-∂-Xv.-
sb-Sp-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂p.- A-©p-t\-cw- Ir- km-º-Øn-I- Xym-K-am-Wv- k-Im-Øv.- [-\- ∂p-h-cp-∂p.- {h-Xw- G-Xp- ]n-ip-°-s\-bpw-
Xy-am-bn- \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-∂- H-cmsf- kw-_- ]q-P-bpw- kzm¿-Y-X-bpw- Zp-co-I-cn°p-IbD-Zm-c-\m-°p-I-bpw- ]m-h-s∏-´-h-s\- ]-cn-K-
-- pw-
\v[
- n-®n-St- Øm-fw- A-bm-fp-sS- a-\  - n-\v- ssZ- Xym-Kk- ∂- ≤ - X - b
- pw- ]-tcm-]I Wn-°p-∂h
- m-tc-NOv- b - pw- - \ - m-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂p.- Cß-
h-kv-a-c-W-bn¬-\n-∂v- A-I-∂p-\n¬-°m≥- s\,- hy-IvXn-sb- kz-bw- \n-b-{¥-W-Øn-\v-
h-f¿-Øp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v- a-\p-jy-
k-a-b-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√.- c-l-ky-ß-fpw- ]c- ]m-I-am-°-p-I-bpw- tæ-Nv-O-kz-`m-h-ß-fn¬-
sc- ip-No-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- kw-kv-I-cn-°p-I-
ky-ß-fpw- A-dn-bm-hp-∂- ]-S-®-X-ºp-cm\p- \n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-\m-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-tXm-
bpw- sN-øp-∂- I¿-a-am-Wv- k-Im-Øv.- ssZ-
ap-∂n¬-\n-∂v- A-©p-t\-cw- B-Xv-am¿-Y-am- hn-I- im-k-\-I-fp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-Øn¬-sSm-∏w- Z-cn-{Z-s\-bpw- [\n-I-s\-bpw- sF-
bn- \-a-kv-I-cn-°p-∂- H-cmƒ-°v- ]n-s∂- k-Im-Øv- kw-L-Sn-∏n-®v- hn-X-c-Ww- sN- Iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂- H-cp- i-Iv-X-am-b- D-]-I-c-
sX‰p- sN-øm≥- k-a-b-sahn-sS?- hn-ip-≤- øm≥- k-aq-lw- k-∂≤ - a WwI-q-Sn-bm-Wv- {h-Xm-\p-jv-Tm-\w.
- m-bm¬- tem-IØ - p-
Jp¿B≥- ]-d-™-sX{X i-cn-!- C
\n-∂v- Zm-cn-{Zy-sØ- ]q-¿-W-am-bn- C-√m-Xm- -- k
- e v- m-an-I- B-cm-[\ - m-I¿-aß - f - n¬- A-
"Xo¿-®b - m-bpw- \-ak - I v- m-cw- \o-Nh- r-Øn- °m≥- I-gn-bpw. h-km-\-tØ-Xm-b- l-Pv-Ppw- a-\p-jy-\pw-
{k-jvSm-hpw- X-Ωn-ep-≈-
_-\v[ - w- kp-Zr-Va - m-°m-\p-
\-a-kv-Im-cw- I-gn-™m¬- ]n-s∂- C-kv-em-an¬- G-‰-
X-Ip-∂- c-o-Xn-bn¬- kw-hn-
hpw- {]-[m-\-s∏-´- B-cm-[-\m-I¿-a-am-Wv- k-Im-Øv- [m-\n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.-
A-Y-hm- \n¿-_\v-[-Zm-\w.- k-º-Øn-s≥d- kw-kv-I-c- km-ºØ - n-Ih - pw- im-co-cn-I-
W-am-Wv- k-Im-Øv.- k-m-ºØn-I- hn-j-a-a-\p-`-hn-°p- hp-am-b- ti-jn-bp-≈- Hcm
∂- hy-Iv-Xn-I-sf- k-lm-bn-®p-sIm-≠v- A-hcp-sS- ƒ- Po-hn-X-Øn-sem-cn-°¬-
hnj-a-X-Iƒ- ]-cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- k-aq-l-sØ- l-Pv-Pv- sN-ø¬- \n¿-_-\v-
kPvP-am-°p-hm-\m-bn- C-kv-emw- \-S-∏m-°n-b- [-am-Wv.- _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-
Bcm[\m- k-{ºZm-b-am-Wn-Xv.- \-bp-am-bn- bm-sXm-cp- _\v-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 40

A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
[-hp-an-√m-Ø- Xo¿-Ym-S\ - a
- m-Wv- l-PvP - v.- Cu- X-I-fp-sS- X-I¿-®-°p-≈- \n-an-Ø-hpw- Cu- At±lØn-s≥-d P\X At±lhp-am-bn-
Xo¿-Ym-S-\-Øn-se- I¿-a-ß-fn-e-[n-I-hpw- A-l-¶m-cw- X-s∂.- A-tX-k-a-bw- kv-Ym-]- X¿-°Øn-te¿-s∏Sp-Ibp-≠m-bn.- At±lw-
GI-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-sb-∂- B-i-bw- {]-N-cn- \- a-X-ß-fp-sS- B-cm-[y-∑m¿- I-√p-I-fpw- ]d™p-: A√m-lp-hn-s≥-d Im-cy-Øn¬-
∏n-®X- n-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- Ip-Spw-_Ø - n-s≥-db - pw- i-hI - pSo-cß
- f
- pw- k-ky-ßf- pw- P-¥p- °
- f - pw- \n߃- Ft∂m-Sv- X¿-°n-°p-Ibm-tWm?-
k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- hn-tZz-j-Øn-\v- ]m-{X- ]p-Wy-hm-f∑m-cp-am-Wv.- X-ß-sf-°mƒ- I- Ah\m-Is´ Fs∂ t\¿-hgn-bn-em-°n-bn-
amb- C-_d v- m-lo-an-s≥d- (u)- kva - c- W
- b - pƒ- gn-hpw- i-Iv-Xn-bpw- Ip-d-™-˛]-e-t∏m-gpw- cn-°bm-Wv.- \n-߃- Aht\m-Sv- ]¶p-tN¿-
s°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂,- tIƒ-hn-tbm- Im-gv-N-tbm- C-√m-Ø-h-tcm-Sv- °p-∂ bm-sXm-∂n-s\bpw- Rm≥- `bs∏Sp
l-Pv-Pv-I¿-aw- I-gn-bp-∂-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- G-sXm- B-cm-[-\-I-f¿-∏n-°p-∂- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- a-\- ∂n-√.- Fs≥-d c£n-Xm-hv- Dt±in-°p∂sX
cm-fpw- ]-iv-Nm-Xm-]-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-\pw- ]m-  n¬- H-cp-X-cw- A[a- t_m-[-ap-≠m-hp-I- t¥m- AX√m-sX (kw-`hn-°p-Ibn-√.-)
]-hn-cI - vX
- \ - p-am-bn- am-dp-∂p.- A-tXm-sSm-∏w- kzm-`m-h-n-I-am-Wv.- H-cp- "ssZ-h'-Øn¬- A- Fs≥-d c£n-Xm-hn-s≥-d Pv-Rm-\w- k¿∆
C-kv-emw- hn-`m-h-\w- sN-øp-∂- km-tlm-Z- `-bw- Im-Wm-Xm-hp-tºmƒ- a-s‰m-cp- "ssZ- Im-cy-ßsfbpw- Dƒ-s°m-≈m≥- am-{Xw- hn-
cy-sØ- ]q¿-Wa - m-bn- Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂X - n-\pw- h'-Øn-te-t°m-Sp-∂- A-h-kv-Y-bp-≠m-°p- ]p-eam-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- \n-߃- F¥m-Wv-
l-Pv-Pv-I¿-aw- I-gn-bp-∂-tXm-sS- H-cmƒ-°v- ∂-Xv- Cu- A-[-a- t_m-[-am-Wv.- H-cp- B-cm- Btem- N n®p- t \m- ° m- Ø Xv ? - \n- ß ƒ-
I-gn-bp-∂p.- tem-I-Øn-se- hn-hn-[- tIm-Wp- [y-s\-bpw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂- A- (A√m- l p- t hm- S v ) - ]¶p- t N¿- Ø Xn- s \
I-fn¬-\n-s∂-Øn-b- e-£-°-W-°n-\v- a-\p- l-¶m-c-Øn-\pw- kr-jv-Sn-I-sf- B-cm-[n-°p- Rm≥- Fßs\ `bs∏Spw?- \n-ßfm-Is´,-
jy-cn-sem-cm-fm-bn- l-Pv-Pv- sN-øp-∂-h≥- am- ∂- A-[-a-Xz-Øn-\pw- a-t[y,- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s\- A√m-lp- \n-߃-°v- bm-sXm-cp- {]am-
dp-∂p.- F-√m-h¿-°pw- H-tc- th-jw.- H-tc- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-°p-Is - b-∂- C-ke v- m-an-s≥d- Whpw- \¬-In-bn-´n-√m-Ø hkv-Xp-°sf
kz-c-w.- a-\ n¬- ssZ-h-t_m-[w.- Np-≠n¬- X-Xzw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p.- A-Xv- a-\p-jy-s\- Aht\m- S v - ]¶p- t N¿- ° p- ∂ Xn- s \∏‰n-
ssZ-h-kv-t{Xm-{X-߃.- D-®-\o-N-Xz-ß-fn-√.- B-Xv-am`n-am-\-ap-≈-h-\pw- A-tX- k-a-bw- `bs∏Sp-∂p-an-√.- At∏mƒ- c≠v- I£n-
tZ-io-bX - b- psS-bpw- {]m-tZ-io-bX - b- psS-bpw- hn-\-bm-\zn-X-\p-am-°n- am-‰p-∂p.- Ifn¬- Bcm-Wv- \n¿-`bcm-bn-cn-°m≥- Iq-
A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-I-fn-√.- I-dp-Ø-h-\pw- sh- {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb A√m Sp-X¬- A¿lXbp-≈h¿?- (]dbq-;)- \n-
fp-Ø-h-\pw- X-Ωn¬- A-¥-c-ß-sfm-∂p-an- lphns\ am{Xw Bcm[n°p∂Xphgn ߃-°dn-bm-sa¶n¬-''- (6:78˛81).--
√.- ap-X-em-f-n-bpw sXm-gn-em-fn-bpw- H-tc-t]m- Hcmƒ Fßs\bmWv BXvam`nam\ap ""At±lw- ]d™p-: At∏mƒ- \n-߃-
se-X-s∂.- F-√m-h-cpw- H-tc- th-j-Øn¬- ≈h\pw hn\bm\znX\pamhpIsb∂v °v- bm-sXm-cp- D]Im-ctam- D]{Zhtam-
H-tc- kz-c-ap-cp-hn-´p-sIm-≠v- H-tc- I¿-a-߃- C{_mlo- w \_n(u )bpsS PohnXw sNøm-Ø hkv-Xp-°sf A√m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-
sN-øp-∂p.- H-tc-sbm-cp- ssZ-hw- H-scm-‰- P- hyIvXam°p∂p≠v. At±lsØ°pdn®v dsa \n-߃- Bcm-[n-°p-Ibm-tWm?- \n-
\-X-sb-∂- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- B-i-bw- l-P-v Jp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv ImWpI: ßfp-sSbpw,- A√m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-dsa \n-߃-
Pn¬- {]-I-S-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂p.- C-ß-s\-,- G-
""A\¥cw- kq-cy≥- DZn-®p-bcp-∂Xm- Bcm-[n-°p-∂hcp-sSbpw- Im-cyw- A]lm-
I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-sb-∂- B-i-b-sØ- A-Xn-
bn- I≠t∏mƒ- At±lw- ]d™p-: CXm,- kyw-Xs∂.- \n-߃- Nn-¥n-°p-∂n-t√?-
s≥-d- ]q¿-W-cq-]-Øn¬- {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-
Fs≥-d c£n-Xm-hv!- CXm-Wv- G‰hpw- hep- (21:66,-67)-.-
A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂- Z¿-i\-am-Wv- C-k-vemw.
Xv-!! Aßs\ AXpw- Akv-Xan-®p-t]m- ""C{_m-lo-an-s\bpw- (\mw- Ab®p)-
a
- \- p-jy-sc- `n-∂n-∏n-®v- \n¿-Øp-Ib - pw- X- bt∏mƒ- At±lw- ]d™p-: Fs≥-d kap- At±lw- Xs≥-d P\Xtbm-Sv- C{]Im-cw-
Ωn-e-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- _-lp-ssZ-h- Zm-bta,- \n-߃- (ssZhtØm-Sv)- ]¶p-tN¿- ]d™ kµ¿-`w- ({it≤baXs{X:)- "\n-
k-¶¬-∏-Øn-s≥-d- I-S-bv-°-em-Wv- C-kv-em- °p- ∂ Xn¬- \ n- s ∂√mw- Xo¿- ® bm- b pw- ߃- A√m-lp-sh Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw,-
an-s≥-d- G-I-ssZ-h- hn-izm-kw- I-Øn-sh- Rm≥- Hgn-hm-Ip-∂p.- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- Rm≥- Ahs\ kq-£n-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-I.- AXm-
®-Xv.- G-I-\pw- k¿-t∆m-∂-X-\p-am-b- {kjv- t\¿- a m¿- K Øn¬- Dd®p- \ n- ∂ p- s Im- ≠ v - Wv- \n-߃-°v- DØaw.- \n-߃- a\kn-
Sm-hn-s\- am-{Xw- B-cm[n-°p-∂- A-h-kv-Y- Fs≥-d ap-Jw- BIm-ißfpw- `q-an-bpw- kr- em-°p-∂p-sh¶n¬'.- \n-߃- A√m-lp-hn-
kw-Pm-am-hp-tºmƒ- A-h-\n-se- A-[-a-Ø- jv-Sn-®h\n-te°v- Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- Rm≥- \v- ]p-dsa Nn-e hn-{Klßsf Bcm-[n-°p-
hpw- A-l-¶m-c-hpw- A-h-km-\n-°p-∂p.- ]m- _lp-ssZhhm-Zn-Ifn¬- s]´ht\b√.- Ibpw,- I≈w sI´n-bp-≠m-°p-Ibp-am-Wv-
iv-Nm-Xy≥- am-\-hn-IXm- hm-
Z-hpw- (humanism) am¿-Ik v- n-
kh-pw- a-\p-jy-cm-Wv- {]-]- hyXykvX kaqlßfn¬ Bcm[n°s∏´Xv
©Øn-se- G-‰-hpw- D-∂-X- hyXykvX hkvXp°fmbncp∂p.
s\∂pw- A-h-s\- \n-b-{¥n- hn{Klßfpw ihIpSocßfpw arKßfpw
°p-∂-tXm- A-h-\v- ap-I-fn-ep- ]£nIfpw kkyeXmZnIfpw amemJamcpw
≈-tXm- B-b- bm-sXm-cp- i- ]nimNp°fpw {]hmNI∑mcpw
Iv-Xn-bp-an-s√-∂pw- hm-Zn-®-
t∏mƒ- A-Xn-s≥-d- ^-e-am-bn- ]pWy]pcpj∑mcpsa√mw C∂pw
h-f¿-∂p-h-∂-Xv- H-cp-X-cw- A- Bcm[n°s∏Sp∂ hkvXp°fmWv.
l-¶m-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.- B- P-\-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ -
sNøp-∂Xv.- A√m-lp-hn-\v- ]p-dsa \n-߃-
Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xv- Bscbm-tWm- Ah¿- \n-
߃-°p-≈ D]Po-h\w- A[o-\am-°p∂n-
√.- AXn-\m¬- \n-߃- A√m-lp-hn-¶¬-
D]Po-h\w- tXSp-Ibpw,- Ahs\ Bcm-[n-
°p-Ibpw- Aht\m-Sv- \µn-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw-
sNøp- I .- Ah¶te°m- W v - \n- ß ƒ-
aS°s∏Sp- ∂ Xv . - \n- ß ƒ- \n- t j[n- ® v -
X≈p-Ibm-sW¶n¬- \n-߃-°v- ap-ºp-≈
]e kap-Zm-bßfpw- \n-tj[n-®v- X≈p-
Ibp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- ssZhZq-Xs≥d _m-[yX
hy-Iv-Xam-b {]t_m-[\w- am-{Xam-Ip-∂p''-
(29:16˛18).-
G-I-ssZ-h-a-√m-sX- B-cpw- B-cm-[n-°-
s∏S-cp-sX-∂- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
X-Xz-Øn-\p-ap-∂n¬- X-I¿-∂p-ho-W-Xv- hn-
{K-l-ß-fpw- i-h-Ip-So-c-ß-fpw- hym-P- ssZ-
h-ßf - pw- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√;- - ssZ-hß- f- p-sS-
bpw- a-\p-jy-cp-sS-bpw- C-S-bn-ep-≈- Z-√m-f-
∑m-cm-bn- N-a-™-- ]u-tcm-ln-Xyw- Iq-Sn-bm-
bn-cp-∂p.- G-I-\m-b- {k-jv-Sm-hn-\pw- a-\p-
jy¿-°p-an-S-bn¬- a-[y-h¿-Øn-I-sfm-∂pw-
B-h-iy-an-s√-∂m-Wv C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-
[ym-]-\w.- ssZ-h-ß-fp-sS- t]-cn¬- a-\p-jy-
sc- X-Ωn-e-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂- ]u-tcm-ln-X-y-Øn-
s≥-d- Nq-j-W-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- a-\p-jy-cm-in-
sb- c-£n-°p-I-bm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-≥- sN-bv-
X-Xv.- bm-sXm-cp- co-Xn-bn-ep-ap-≈-- ]u-tcm-
ln-Xyhp-w- C-kv-emw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.-
G-I-ssZ-hmcm-[-\,- a-\p-jy-h¿K-sØ-
k-Ie - h- n-[- k-¶p- N
- n-XX- z-ßf - n¬-\n-∂pw- ap-
IvX
- a- m-°p-∂p.- kz-tZ-in-sb-bpw- hn-tZ-in-sb-
bpw- k-h¿-Ws - \-bpw- A-h¿-Ws - \-bpw- sh-
fp-Øh - s- \-bpw- I-dp-Øh - s
- \-bpw- hy-Xy-kv-
X- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-epw- t{Km-{X-Øn-epw- X-d-
hm-´n-epw-s]-´-h-sc-bpw- hy-Xy-kv-X- `m-j-
kw-km-cn-°p-∂-h-sc-bpw- F-√mw- kr-jv-Sn-
®v- ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xv- G-I-\m-b- ssZ-h-am-
sW-∂- Nn-¥- A-h¿- X-Ωn-ep-≈- h-ep-Xpw-
sN-dp-Xp-am-b- F-√m-hn-[- A-kv-]r-iy-X-I-
fp-sS-bpw- A-Sn-th-c-dp-°p-∂p.- k¿-h-i-Iv-
ssZ-h-ß-fp-sS- t]-cn¬- a-\p-jy-sc- X-Ωn-e-Sn-∏n- amhpIbmWv sNøp∂Xv.
®n-cp-∂- ]u-tcm-ln-X-y-Øn-s≥-d- Nq-j-W-ß-fn¬- F√mw Adn bp∂h\mb
\n-∂pw- a-\p-jy-cm-in-sb- c-£n-°p-I-bm-Wv-
{]hm-N-I-≥- sN-bv-X-Xv.- bm-sXm-cp- co-Xn-bn-ep-
ap≈-- ]u-tcm-ln-Xyhp-w- C-kv-emw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-
°p∂n-√.-
41
A - d n - b p - I
X-\pw- k¿-th-m∂ - X - \ cpw- Iq-Sn- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂- ]m-c-X-{¥y-Øn¬-
- p-am-b- A√mlphn\p
\n-∂p-≈- tam-N-\w.- k-z-X-{¥-am-bn- Nn-¥n-
ap-∂n¬- am-{Xw- Cu- hn-`m-K-ß-sf-√mw- X-
°m-\pw- {]-h¿-Øn-°m-\pw- G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-
e-Ip-\n-°p-tºmƒ- A-h-sc- `n-∂n-∏n-®v- \n¿-
Øp-∂- k-I-e-hn-[- a-Xn¬-s°-´p-I-fpw-[-\- a-\p-jy-s\- t{]-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.- B-Im-
i-tKm-f-߃- tZ-ho-tZ-h-∑m-cm-sW-∂- ]u-
XI¿-∂v- X-cn-∏-W-amhp-∂p.- {k-jv-Sm-hn-\v-
ap-∂n¬- F-√m-hc - pw- k-a≥ cm-Wn-I- k-¶¬-]-w- A-h-sb-°p-dn-®- ]-T-
- a- m-cm-sW-∂- [m-
\-Øn-\- v- hn-eß
c-W- h-f¿-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ- hy-Xy-kv-X- hn`m- - p-XS- n-bm-bn- \n-∂n-´p-≠v.- {]-
]-©-Øn-se- ap-gp-h≥- h-kv-Xp-°-fpw- ssZ-
K-߃-°v- P-∑m-h-Im-i-am-bn- In-´n-b- "X-e-
hn-IkrjvS- n-Iƒ- am-{X-am-sW-∂v- a-\ 
°-\'-ß-sf-√mw- C-√m-sX-bm-hp-∂p.- a-\p- - n-em-
°p-∂- G-IssZ-hhn-izm-kn-sb- kw-_-\v-
jy-sc-√ mw- G- I - \ m- b - ssZ- h - Ø n- s ≥- d -
[n-®n-S-tØm-fw- A-h-sb-°p-dn-®- ]-T-\w-
krjv-Sn-I-fpw- H-scm‰- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS-
ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- A-Pø - a
k- ¥ - X n- I - f p- a m- s W- ∂ - C- k v - e m- a n- s ≥- d - - m-b- {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß- -
{]Jym-]\ - w- tKm-{X-al fp-sS- ku-µ-cy-sØ-°p-dn-®- At\z-j-W-
- n-ab
- p-sS- t]-cn¬- X-
am-Wv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- Jp¿-B≥- {]-]-
Ωn-e-Sn-®p-Im-≠n-cp-∂- A-d-_n-I-sf- F-{X-
©-]-T-\-sØ- t{]m-Xv-km-ln-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-
am-{Xw- sI-´p-d-∏p-≈- H-cp- k-aq-l-am-bn-´m-
cn-°p-∂-Xv-.- "Xo¿-®-bm-bpw- cm-∏-I-ep-I-fp-
Wv- ]-cn-h¿-Øn-∏n-®-sX-∂v- N-cn-{Xw- ]-Tn-
sS- am-‰-Øn-epw- B-Im-i-`q-an-I-fn¬- A-√m-
®n-´p-≈-h¿-°-dn-bmw.- "tl- a-\p-jy-tc-
lp- kr-jv-Sn-®- h-kv-Xp-°-fn-epw- `-b-s∏-Sp-
\nß-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv- H-cp- ]p-cp-j-\n¬-
∂- P-\-X-°v- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fp-≠v'-(3:190).-
\n∂pw- kv-{Xo-bn¬-\n-∂p-am-Wv.- \n-ß-sf-
h¿-§-ß-fpw- tKm-{X-ß-fp-am-bn- Xn-cn-®n-´p-
G-I-ssZ-h-a-√m-Ø- B-cpw- B-c-m[n-°-
≈-Xv- ]-c-kv-]-cw- a-\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\v- th-
s∏-S-cp-sX-∂- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-
≠n-bm-Wv.- \n-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- ssZ-h-Øn-
X-Øz-Øn-\p- ap-ºn¬- X-I¿-∂p-ho-WX - v- hn-
¶¬- G-‰-hpw- B-Z-c-Wo-b≥- \n-ß-fn¬- G-
{K-l-ß-fpw- i-h-Ip-So-c-ß-fpw- hym-P-ssZ-
‰-hpw- [¿-Ω-\n-jv-S-bp-≈-h≥- X-s∂-bm-bn-
h-ßf - pw- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√;- ssZ-hß - f - p-sS-
cn-°pw'- (49:-13) F-∂- Jp¿-B-\n-I- h-N-\w-
bpw- a-\p-jy-cp-sS-bpw- C-S-bn-ep-f-f- Z-√m-f-
tZ-i-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- tKm-{X-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- `m-
∑m-cm-bn- N-a-™- ]u-tcm-ln-X-yw- Iq-Sn-bm-
j-bp-sS-bpw- h¿-W-Øn-s≥-d-bp-sa-√mw- t]-
bn-cp-∂p.- X-s≥-d- I-Wv-T-\m-fn-sb-°mƒ- A-
cn-ep-≈- F-√m- hn[- an-Yym-`n-am-\ß - s - f-bpw-
Sp-Øv- kv-Yn-Xn- sN-øp-∂-h-\m-bn-´m-Wv- A-
X-I¿-Øp-I-f-™p.- {]-hm-N-I≥- ]-d-™p:-
√m-lp-hn-s\- Jp¿-B≥- ]-cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-
- "A-d-_n-°v- A-\-d-_n-sb-°m-fp-tam- sh-
∂-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p- X - s- ∂- A-√m-lp-hn-\pw-
fp-Ø-h-\v- I-dp-Ø-h-s\-°m-fp-tam- bm-sXm-
a-\p-jy¿-°-p-an-S-bn¬- a-[y-h¿-Øn-I-sfm-
cp- a-l-Xz-hp-an-√.- [¿-a-\n-jv-T-bp-sS- t]-cn-
∂pw- B-h-iy-an-s√∂m-Wv- C-kv-em-an-s≥d-
e-√m-sX-'- (ap-kv-enw-,- A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv-) "\n-iv-
A-[y-m-]-\w.- bm-sXm-cp- co-X-n-bn-ep-ap-≈-
N-bw- \n-ß-fp-sS- ssZ-hw- H-∂v-;- \n-ß-fp-
]u-tcm-ln-Xyhp-w- C-kve - mw- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°p-
sS-sb-√mw- ]n-Xm-hpw- H-cmƒ-X-s∂.- F-√m-
∂n-√.- ssZ-h-ß-fp-sS- t]-cn¬- a-\p-jy-sc-
h-cpw- B-Z-an¬ -\n-∂p-≈-Xv-;- B-Z-tam- a-
X-Ωn-e-Sn-∏n-°p-∂- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øns≥-d-
Æn¬-\n-∂pw-' (ap-kv-enw,- A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv-).-
Nq- j - W - Ø n¬- \ n- ∂ v - a- \ p- j y- c m- i n- s b-
_-lp-ssZ-h- hn-izm-k-Øn-s≥-d- N-ß-
c£n-°p-I-bm-Wv- C-Xn-eq-sS- C-kv-emw- sN-
e-s°-´p-I-fn¬- \n-∂v- a\p-jy-s\- kz-X-
bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
{¥am-°p-∂- i-Iv-Xn-b-s{X- G-I-ssZ-hm-cm- XuloZv kzoIcn°pI hgn hyIv
[-\.- "ssZ-h'-ß-fpw- A-h-bp-sS- Z-√m-f-∑m-
Xnbpw kaqlhpsa√mw ]q¿Wamb
A¿YØnep≈ hnaeo
IcWØn\v hnt[b
Xºpcm\nep≈ hnizm
khpw Ah\nep≈ ]q¿
Wamb ka¿∏Whpw
hgn hnaeoIcn°s∏´
hyIvXnIƒ IpSpw_
Ønepw kaqlØnep
sa√mw hnip≤nbpsS
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 42

A - √ m - l p - h n - s \ - A - d n - b p - I
amXrIIfpw hnaeoIcWØns≥d {i≤n®psImt≠bncn°pw. kzm¿YXtbm {]kvXpX Xn∑°v Iq´p\n¬t°≠nhcpw.
\nanØhpambnØocp∂p. Ah¿ a‰p ZpjvNn¥Itfm a\ nte°v IS∂p BfpIsf ImWmsX clkyambn Xn∑
IS∂psN√p∂ taJeIsf√mw Xs∂ hcmXncn°phm≥ Ah≥ {]tXyIw Iƒ sNøphm≥ Abmƒ°v bmsXmcp
hnizmkØns≥d shfn®w {]kcn®v kq£n°pw. BfpIfpsS t{]m¬kml\ ssha\kyhpap≠mhpIbn√. AXpsIm
hnip≤oIcn°s∏Sp∂p. XuloZp ßtfm BiwkmhN\ßtfm B{Kln ≠pXs∂ temIam\yw Xoscbn√msXbm
ƒs°m≈p∂hcpsS IpSpw_Ønse ®psIm≠mhpIbn√, Ahs≥d h¿Ø\ hWw k¬I¿a߃ sNtø≠sX∂pw
A¥co£w im¥hpw kam[m\ ߃. Ah ]q¿Wambpw A√mlphn¬ a\kpIƒ°IsØ hnNmcßsf°-pdn®v
]q¿Whpambncn°pw; XuloZpƒs°m \n∂pf {]Xn^ew am{Xw Imw£n®p IrXyambn Adnbmhp∂ A√mlphn¬
≈p∂hcpsS kaqlw krjvSn]cXbp sIm≠mbncn°pw. Xs≥d kmaqlnI \n∂p≈ {]Xn^eambncn°Ww Imw£n
sSbpw ]ptcmKXnbpsSbpw D∂X tkh\ {]h¿Ø\߃ \mept]¿ t°≠sX∂pamWv Ckvemw \njvI¿jn
\nZ¿i\ßfmbncn°pw. ImWWsat∂m Aßs\ AXns≥d °p∂Xv. XuloZv Dƒs°m≠h¿°v am
XuloZv Dƒs°m≠pIgn™ hyIv t]cn¬ Xm≥ Adnbs∏SWsat∂m {Xsa temIam\yØn\pth≠nb√msX
XnbpsS a\ v ip≤hpw A\v[hnizm Xs≥d Iq´Ønte°v BfpIƒ BIr k¬I¿a߃ sNøm\mIq.
kßfn¬\n∂v apIv X hpambnØocpw; jvScmIWsat∂m D≈ ZpjvSNn AtXkabw, clkyambpw ]cky
AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Ahs≥d Pohn ¥Isfm∂pw AbmfpsS lrZbØnep ambpw k¬I¿aßfn¬ \ncXambncn
XØn¬ ]ns∂ A\mNmcßfp≠mhpI ≠mhpIbn√. AbmfpsS tkh\{]h¿ °pw XuloZv Dƒs°m≠hs≥d Pohn
bn√. ]caImcpWnI\pw k¿h-PvR\pam Ø\߃ A√mlphns≥d Xr]v X n Xw. Ah≥ AKXnIsf kwc£n°pw;
bn A√mlphns\ Adnbp∂h¿°v am{Xw Imw£n®psIm≠mWv F∂Xp A\mYIƒ°v XmßmbnØocpw; {]bm
]ns∂ {]bmk߃ ]cnlcn°m\mbn sIm≠pXs∂ AXn¬ am\hnIhncp ks∏Sp∂h¿°v BizmktaIpw. CsXm
Znhy∑mcpsSbpw BƒssZhßfpsSbpw ≤amb ZpjvSem°pIsfm∂pap≠mhp ∂pan√msX tIhew Bcm[\mI¿a߃
ASpØv t]mtI≠nhcnIbn√. tPymXv Ibn√. BfpIƒ Im¨sIbpw ImWm am{Xw A\pjvTn°p∂Xv aX-\ntj[am
kys≥d {]hN\ßtfm {Kl\neItfm sXbpw Abmƒ {]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn sW∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv .
`mKy˛\n¿`mKy \£{Xßtfm ]ns∂ °pw. AbmfpsS ssIIƒ Abbm\pw AØcamfpIfpsS A\pjvTm\I¿aß
AbmfpsS Dd°w sISpØpIbn√. Igp icocw hnb¿°m\pw Iymad°ÆpIƒ ƒt]mepw P\ßsf ImWn°phm≥
Øn-¬ Xq°s∏Sp∂ XInSpIfntem ssI thWsa∂ Ahkv Y bp≠mhpIbn√; th≠nbmbncn°psa∂pw Ah¿°v aXw
IfneWn™ IbdpIfntem A√ ]ns∂ F√mw ImWp∂h\pw tIƒ°p∂h\pw tIhew ta¬hnemkw am{XamsW∂pw
bh≥ Imcyßsf `cta¬]n°pI; Adnbp∂h\pamb A√mlphns≥d Xr]v Jp¿B≥ kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v:
{]XypX k¿h-iIvX\mb A√mlphnem Xn am{Xw Imw£n®psIm≠mWt√m ""aXsØ hymPam°p∂h\msc∂v
Wv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ A\mNmcßfn AbmfpsS I¿a߃. \o I≠pthm? A\mY°p´nsb X≈n°
¬\n∂v ]q¿Wambpw apIvXambncn°pw P\ßsf ImWn°p∂Xn\pth≠n fbpIbpw, ]mhs∏´hs≥d `£W
Ahs≥d PohnXw. I¿a߃ sNøp∂Xv sNdnb in¿°m Øns≥d ImcyØn¬ t{]mXvkml\w
XuloZv Dƒs°m≈p∂h≥ A√m sW∂mWv {]hmNI≥ (e) ]Tn∏n®n´p \SØmXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂h\s{X
lphns\ Ah≥ ]Tn∏n® coXnbn¬ Adn ≈Xv. Xm≥ sNøp∂ k¬I¿a߃°p AXv . F∂m¬ XßfpsS \akv I - m c
bpIbpw Ah≥ \nivNbn®pX∂ ]mX ≈ {]Xn^ew A√mlphn¬\n∂v {]Xo sØ∏‰n {i≤bn√mØhcpw, P\ßsf
bneqsS Nen°pIbpw sNøp∂h\mWv. £n°p∂h\mWv kXyhnizmkn. P\ß ImWn°m≥th≠n {]h¿Øn°p∂hcpw,
k¬I¿aßfn¬ \ncX\mhptºmƒ fn¬\n∂p≈ k¬t]cn\v th≠n I¿a ]tcm]ImchkvXp°ƒ apS°p∂hcpam
Ah≥ B{Kln°p∂Xv A√mlphns≥d ߃ sNøp∂h¿ ]ckyambn I¿a߃ b \akv ° mc°m¿°mIp∂p \miw''
Xr]vXnbmWv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ sNøm\mWv Cjv S s∏SpI. BfpIƒ (107:1˛7).-
Ah≥d h¿Ø\ßfn¬ temIam\yw CjvSs∏Sp∂ Imcy߃ am{Xsa Abm
A¬]w t]mepap≠mhpIbn√. Xm≥ ƒ°v sNøm\mIq. `qcn]£w Hcp Xn∑°v
sNøp∂ k¬I¿aßsf Iq´p\n¬°p∂hcmsW¶n¬ Abmfpw
bpw AXn\p ]n∂nse tNmZ clkyambpw ]ckyambpw k¬I¿a
\sbbpw Ipdn®v IrXyhpw
kq£vahpambn Adnbp∂ ßfn¬ \ncXambncn°pw XuloZv Dƒs°m
h\mWv Xs≥d c£nXmhv ≠hs≥d PohnXw. Ah≥ AKXnIsf
F∂ t_m[w I¿aßsf kwc£n°pw; A\mYIƒ°v Xmßmbn
Ipds®m∂pa√ kzm[o\n Øocpw; {]bmks∏Sp∂h¿°v Bizmk
°pI. GXp \∑ sNøp
tºmgpw AXn∂p ]n∂nse taIpw. CsXm∂pan√msX tIhew Bcm[
Dt±iyw \√Xmbncn°m≥ \mI¿a߃ am{Xw A\pjvTn°p∂Xv aX-\n
Ah≥ kZmkabhpw tj[amsW∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
(t]-Pv- 22 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ C-kv-emw-
hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-- .......-)
h-nØ- n-d° - m≥- A-bmƒ- A-\p-hZ- n-°n-√.- A-
Xn-s≥-d- Kp-W-ta-∑- h¿-[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-epw-
A-Xn-s\- \-∂m-bn- ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn-epw-
A-bmƒ- _-≤-{i-≤-\m-bn-cn-°pw.-
ssew-Kn-I- _-\v-[-Øn-te¿--s ]-Sp-∂-Xv-
kzm-`m-hn-I- co-Xn-bn-e-√m-Ø-]-£w- P-\n-
°p-∂- Ip-™n-\v- tIm-¶-Æp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂-
b-lq-Z-cp-sS- A-\v-[-hn-izm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p-
≈- {]-hm-NI - m-\p-bm-bn-If
- p-sS- kw-ib- Ø
- n-
\v- a-dp-]-S-n-bm-bn- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv-
{]-kv-Xp-X- Jp¿-B≥- kq-Iv-Xw.- {]-Ir-Xn-
hn-cp-≤-a-√m-Ø- \n-ebv-°v- G-Xv- co-Xn-bn-
epw- ssew-Kn-I- _-\v-[w- B-hm-sa-∂m-Wv-
Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- a-\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv.- A-
X-√m-sX- Ir-jn-bn-Sw- N-hn-´n-sa-Xn-°p-Ib
Dgp-Xp-ad - n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂X - p-t]m-se- `m-
cy-am-sc- \n-jv-I-cp-Ww- D-]-tbm-Kn-°m-sa-
∂√.- ssew-Kn-I- _-\v-[-Øn¬- "C-W-bp-
sS- Xm¬-]-cy-hpw- ku-I-cy-hpw'- ]-cn-K-Wn-
°m≥- \n¿-tZ-in-®- a-X-am-Wv C-kv-emw.- {]-
hm-N-I-s≥d- hy-Iv-X-am-b- \n¿-tZ-i-߃-
Cu- hn-j-b-Øn-ep-≠v.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- "]p-
cp-j-s\- kr-jv-Sn-®- A-√m-lp-X-s∂-b-t√-
kv-{Xo-I-sf-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v'-- {K-\v-Y-
Im-c≥- kw-i-bn-°p-I-tbm- A-tXm¿-Øv- D-
d-°-sam-gn-°p-I-tbm- sN-tø-≠-Xn-√.- "kv-
{Xo- tI-h-ew- D-]-t`m-K-h-kv-Xp-hm-sW-∂-
k-ao-]-\w'- C-kv-em-an-\n-√.- Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-
Øn-s≥-d- Po-h-t{km-X- v- am-\y- ]-c-ta-iz¿-
Pn-bm-sW-∂pw- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- t{]-c-W-
bm-em-Wn-sX-gp-Xn-b-sX-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂- hn-
a¿-i-I≥- sNtø-≠-Xv- ]-c-ta-iz¿-Pn-bn¬-
\n-∂pw- a-‰p- Ckve
- mw- hn-a¿-iI- c
- n¬-\n-∂pw-
am-{Xw- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-°m-sX- C-kv-em-an-I-
{]-am-W-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv-Un-
X-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂pw- A-hs - c-gp-Xn-b- {K-\vY
- ß
- -
fn¬-\n-∂pw- C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°p-
I-bm-Wv.-
hn-a¿-i-I≥- D-≤-cn-®- kq-Iv-X-Øn-s≥-d-
ap-gp-h≥- A¿-Yw- Im-Wp-I-:-
""\n-ßf- p-sS- `-mc- y-am¿- \n-ßf - p-sS- Irjn-
bn-S-am-Ip-∂p.- A-Xn-\m¬- \n-߃- C-Nv-On-
°pw-hn-[w- \n-߃-°v- \n-ßf - p-sS- Ir-jnbn-
S-Øn¬- sN-√m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.- \n-ß-fp-sS- \
∑-°p-th-≠-Xv- \n-߃- ap≥-Iq-´n- sN-bv-Xp-
sh-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.- \n-߃- A-√m-lp-
sh- kq-£n-°p-Ib - pw- A-h\ - p-am-bn- \n-߃-
I-≠p-ap-t´-≠-Xp-s≠-∂v- A-dn-™n-cn-°p-
Ibpw- sN-øp-I.- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ-°v- \o-
k-t¥m-j-hm¿-Ø- A-dn-bn-°p-I''- (2:-223).-
A-Sn-hc - b
- n-´X
- p-hs- c-bp-≈- A¿-Yt- a- hn
a¿-i-I≥- \¬-In-bn-´p-≈q.- "B-b-Øn-s≥d-
A-hk - m-\`- m-Kw- Du-∂n-]d - b- p-∂X - v- \n-߃-
- pw- °m-bn- \n-߃- ap≥-Iq-´n- Xø-m-dmhm-\m-
Wv'- F-∂v- J-Wv-Un-X-am-bn- ]-d-bp-I-bpw-
sN-øp-∂p.- "J-±n-aq -en-A≥-^p-kn-I-pw'- F
Cu- ]p-kv-X-I-Øn-s≥-d- Po-h-t{km-X- v- am-\y-]-c-ta-iz¿-Pn-bm-sW-∂pw-
A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- t{]-c-W-bm-em-Wn-sX-gp-Xn-b-sX-∂pw- ]dbp∂- hna¿-
i-I≥- sNtø-≠-Xv- ]-c-ta-iz¿-Pn-bn¬-\n-∂pw- a-‰p- Ckv-emw- hn-a¿-i-
I-cn¬-\n-∂pw- am-{Xw- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-°m-sX- C-kv-em-an-I- {]-am-W-ß-
fn¬-\n-∂pw- ap-kv-enw- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂pw- A-h-sc-gp-Xn-b- {K-\vY-
ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- C-kv-em-an-s\-°p-dn-®v- ]-Tn-°p-I-bm-Wv.-
∂-Xn-\v- hn-a¿-i-I≥- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-
A¿-Yw- "\n-߃-°p-th-≠n- \-߃- ap≥-
Iq-´n- X-b-m-dm-Ip-hn≥'- F-∂m-Wv.- A¬-]w-
tam-i-am-b- A¿-Y-]-cn-I¬-]-\- e-`n-°m-\m
Wv- A-ßs - \- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂X - v.- "\nß
ƒ-°p-th-≠n- \n-߃- ap≥-Iq-´n- sN-bv-Xp-
sh-°p-I-'- F-∂m-Wv- A-Xn-s≥-d- i-cn-bm-b-
hn-h-£.- ssh-hm-ln-I- Po-hn-X-Øn-epw- a‰v-
`u-Xn-I- Im-cy-ß-fn-epw- {i-≤-sN-ep-Øp
tºmƒ- kz-¥w- `m-hn- a-d-∂p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.-
k¬-I¿-aß - ƒ- sN-bX v- pw- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥d-
hn-[nhn-e-°p-Iƒ- ]m-en-®p-sIm-≠pw- im-
iz-X- hn-P-b-Øn-\p-≈- {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃-
ap≥-Iq-´n- sN-bv-Xp-sh-°-Ww.- a-c-Wm-\-¥-
cw- {k-jvS- m-hn-s≥-d- ap-ºn¬- lm-Pc - m-bn- A-
h-s≥-d- hn-Nm-c-W- t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-cp-sa-∂v-
kZm- Hm¿-a-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww- Xp-S-ßn-b-
h-bm-Wv- ap≥-Iq-´n- sN-bvX - p-sh-°p-I- F∂v-
]-d-™-Xn-s≥-d-bpw- ti-jw- ]-d-bp-∂- Im
cy-ß-fp-sS-bpw- Xm¬-]-cy-sa-∂p-- hy-Iv-
XamWv.-
43
hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w-
hn-hm-l-tam-N-\-sØ- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- hn-
h-cn-°p-∂- A¬-_-J-d- kq-d-Øn-se- 229,-
230 kq-Iv-X-߃-°v- kz-¥-am-bn- A¿-Yw-
sIm-Sp-Øpw- Nn-e-Xv- Iq-´n-t®¿-Øpw- Nn-e-
Im-cy-߃- H-gn-hm-°n-bpw- F-gp-Xn-bt- i-jw-
{K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:-
""ta¬- B-b-Øn-s≥-d- sh-fn-®-Øn¬- 3
X-em-°v- H-‰- C-cn-∏n¬- ]-d-™v- `m-cy-sb- D
t]-£n-°p-∂- k-{º-Zm-bh - pw- H-cp- I-Øn¬-
3- X-em-°v- F-gp-Xn-b-b-®v- _-\v-[w- A-h-
km-\n-∏n-°p-∂- co-Xn-bpw- C-kv-em-an¬- {]m-
_-e-y-Øn-ep-≠v.-
hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w- \-S-Øp-tºmƒ- F
s¥-¶n-epw- kw-`m-h-\- \¬-In-bm¬- a-Xn-
sb-∂v- Jp¿˛-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p.- A-√m-lp-hn-
s≥-d- \n-b-a-m-Xr-Øn-Iƒ- ]m-en-°m≥- I-gn-
bm-sX-h-cp-∂-Xv- `-b-s∏-´m¬- hn-hm-l-tam-
N-\-Øn-\v- {]-Xn-^-e-am-bn- h-√-Xpw- sIm-
Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬- Ip-‰-an-√- F-∂m-Wv- ]-d-bp-
∂-Xv.- A-Xp- _m-[y-X-bm-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂n-
√.- am-{X-hp-a√- aq-∂v- "X-em-°v'- sNm-√n- Xncn-
®-b® - - kv{- Xo-sb- ap≥-`¿-Øm-hn-\v- Xn-cn-s®-
Sp-°-W-sa-¶n¬- a-s‰m-cp- ]p-cp-j-s\-s°m-
≠v- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-∏n-®v- A-bmƒ- A-h-sf-
D-]-tbm-Kn-®-ti-jw- A-bm-fn¬-\n-∂v- sam-
gn hm-ßW - w.- Cu- \-S] - S- n-{I-aØ
- n-\n-Sb
- n¬-
s]-Sp-∂- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- am-\-kn-Im-h-kv-Y-
C…-mw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-∂n-√.- A-hƒ- tIh-
ew- D- ] - t `m- K - h - k v - Xp- am- { X- a m-W -t√m-!-
Fs¥m-cp- kv-{Xo-˛]p-cp-j-k-a-Xz-hpw- ]m-
h-\-am-b- hn-hm-l- a-cym-Z-I-fpw- Nm-cn-{Xy-
t_m-[-hpw-!''- (t]-Pv- 59,- 60).- bm-sXm-cp- \n-
b-{¥-Wh - pw- hy-hk - vY - b- p-an-√m-sX- tXm-∂p-
∂- k-ab - Ø - v- `m-cy-sb- H-gn-hm-°p-∂X - n-\pw-
H-cp- km-l-N-cy-Øn-epw- hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w-
A-\p-h-Zn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw- C-kv-emw-
F-Xn-cm-Wv.- hn-hm-l-sØ- Ku-c-h-]q¿-W-
am-b- D-S-º-Sn-bpw- _-\v-[-hp-am-bn- C-kv-emw-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
Im-Wp-Ib - pw- hn-hm-l_ - \
- v[
- w- a-cW- w-hs - c-
Xp-S¿-∂p-t]m-tI-≠-Xn-s≥-d- B-h-iy-I-X-
Du-∂n-∏d - b
- p-Ib- pw- sN-øp-∂p.- kv{- Xo-It- fm-
Sv- s]-cp-am-td-≠- co-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®pw- A-h-
tcmSv- F-{X-am-{Xw- kv-t\-l-tØm-Spw- £-
a-tbm-Spw-Iq-Sn- I-gn-™p-Iq-S-W-sa-∂-Xn-s\-
°p-dn-®pw- C-kv-emw- Xm-°o-Xn-s≥-d- kz-c-
Øn¬- B-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.- hn-kv-Xm-c- `-b
Øm¬- C-°m-cyw- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°m-\p-t±-in-
°p-∂n-√.-
Zm-º-Xy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬- kw-`-hn-t®-°m-
hp-∂- ]m-fn-®-I-sf- ]-c-am-h-[n- £-an-°m
\pw- s]m-dp-°m-\pw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-ck
- v]
- c
- - [m
c-W-bpw- kv-t\-l-hpw- hn-izm-k-hpw- h-f¿-
Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw- C-kv-emw- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-
I-bpw- hn-hm-l- tam-N-\-Øn-s≥-d- `-hn-j-y-
Øp-Iƒ- Hm¿-a-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p-.-
C-ß-s\-sbm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw- tbm-
Pn-®p-t]m-Im≥- _p-≤n-ap-´m-hp-I-bpw- ]n-W-
°-hpw- _-lf - h
- pw- `m-cy-bp-sS- A-\p-kc
t°-Sp-sam-s°- D-S-se-Sp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬-
A-h¿- ]-c-kv-]-cw- H-Øp-Xo¿-∏n-se-Øp-∂-
Xm-Wv- D-Ø-a-sa-∂pw- F-∂n-´pw- {]-iv-\w-
]cn-lr-Xa - m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬- im-kn-°W-sa-
∂-pw- F-∂n-´pw- A-\p-k-c-W-Øn-s≥-d- hgn-
bn-te-°v- h-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬- In-S-∏-d-I-fn¬-
A-h-sc- sh-Sn-bW-sa-∂-pw- A-Xp-sIm-≠pw-
^-e-an-√m-sX-h-cp-tºmƒ- A-Sn-°m-sa-∂pw-
Jp¿-B≥- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-∂p.- "`m-cy-am-sc-
ASn-°p-∂-h¿- am-\y-\-√'- F-∂m-Wv- {]-hm-
N-I≥- ]-Tn-∏n-®-Xv.- F-∂m¬- A-\n-hm-cy-
L-´Ø- n¬- A-Xm-hm-sa-∂pw- A-Xm-Is - ´- ap-
J-sam-gn-hm-°n-bpw- ]-cp-°p-]‰ - m-sX-bp-am-bn-
cn-°W- s- a-∂pw- {]-hm-NI - ≥- ]-Tn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v.-
C-ß-s\- k-I-e- {i-a-ß-fpw- ]-cm-P-b-
s∏-Sp-tºm-gm-Wv- C-kv-emw- hn-hm-l-tam-N-
\w- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- H-cp-hn-[-Øn-epw-
tbm-Pn-°m≥- km-[y-am-Im-Ø-hn-[w- kv-t\-
l-_-\v-[w- A-‰p-t]m-hp-I-bpw- ssh-Im-cn-
I-am-b- A-Sn-Ø-d- X-I-cp-I-bpw- ]-c-kv-]-c-
hn-tZz-jh - pw- I-el-hpw- h-f¿-∂p-hc
- n-Ib
- pw-
sN-bv-X-ti-j-hpw- B- _-\v-[-sØ- \n-b-a-
Øn-s≥-d- i-Iv-X-am-b- I-b-dp-sIm-≠v- _-\v-
[n-∏n-®v- \n¿-Ø-W-sa-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂- A¿-Y-
iq-\y-X-sb- C-kv-emw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂n-√.-
hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- am-{X-a-√,- k-aq-l-Øn-\p-
IqSn- A-Xv- lm-\n-I-c-am-Wv.-
A¬-_J - d - b
- n-se- 229,- 230 kq-IX v- ß
- ƒ-
{]-Im-cw- Xz-em-Jn-\v- aq-∂v- A-h-k-c-ß-fm-
Wp-≈X - v.- ss\-an-jn-I- t{]-cW - b- m¬- hnhm-
l-tam-N-\w- sN-øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬- ]p-cp-
j\v- B- A-_-≤w- a-\- n-em-°n- Xn-cp-Øp-
hm-\p-≈- ku-I-cyw- A-Xp-h-gn- e-`n-°p-∂p.-
H-cp- {]m-hi - y-sØ- Xz-em-Jn-\p-ti-jw- aq∂v-
B¿-Øh - I - m-e- k-ab - w- kv{- Xo- C±-- (Zo-£m-
Im-ew)-bm-Nc - n-°W - w.- Cu- Im-eL - ´- Ø- n¬-
am-\-km-¥-c-ap-≠m-hp-I-bpw- H-∂n-®v- Po-hn-
Zm-º-Xy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬- kw-`-hn-t®-°m-hp-∂- ]m-fn-®-I-sf- ]-c-am-h-[n-
£-an-°m\pw- s]m-dp-°m-\pw- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-c-kv-]-c- [mc-W-bpw- kv-t\-
l-hpw- hn-izm-k-hpw- h-f¿-Øn-sb-Sp-°m\pw- C-kv-emw- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-
I-bpw- hn-hm-l- tam-N\
- Ø
- n-s≥-d- `-hn-jy- Ø
- p-Iƒ- Hm¿-as
- ∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw-
sN-øp-∂p-.
°m≥- Xm¬-]-cy-ap-≠m-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv
- W- Xm¬- `¿-Øm-hn-\v- A-hs - f- Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°mw.-
C±- I-gn-bp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬- am-\-km-¥-cw-
h∂n-s√-¶n¬- A-h-sf- am-\y-am-bn- ]n-cn-®p-
hn-Smw.-A-ß-s\- C-±- I-gn-™v- ]n-cn-®p-hn-S-
s∏-´- `m-cy-sb- Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°-W-sa-∂v- tXm-
∂n-bm¬- ]p-\¿-hn-hm-lw- \-S-Ømw.-
ho-≠pw- A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- {]-iv-\w- D-Xv-
`-hn-°p-I-bpw- `m-cy- A-®-S-°-cm-ln-Xy-Øn-
s≥-d- ]m-X-bn¬- k-©cn-°p-I-bpw- sNbv
Xm¬- ap-ºv- hn-hc- n-®t- ]m-se- F-√m- L-´ß
ƒ-°pw- ti-jw- A-h-sf- ]n-cn-®p-hn-Smw.-
ho≠pw- ]p-\¿-hn-hm-lw- \-S-Ømw.- A-Xn-
\p-ti-j-hpw- ]-g-b- L-´-Øn-te-°v- a-S-ßp-
I-bpw- hn-hm-l-tam-N-\-Øn¬- A-Xv- I-em-
in-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm¬- C-±m- Im-e-L-´-
Øn-tem- A-Xn-\p-ti-j-tam- A-h-sf- Xn-cn-
s®-Sp-°m≥- A-bmƒ-°v- A-\p-a-Xn-bn-√.- C-
Xm-Wv- A¬-_-J-d-bn-se- kq-Iv-X-ß-fn¬-
]-d-bp-∂- aq-∂v- Xz-em-Jv.- H-‰-bn-cn-∏n-\v- sN
44
tø-≠-X-√- C-sX-∂v- hy-Iv-Xw.- c-≠v- km-
£n-Iƒ- ap-tJ-\- F-gp-Øn-eq-sS-tbm- hm
°m-tem- Xz-em-Jv- sN-ømw.- "H-cp- I-Øn¬-
aq-∂v- Xzem-Jv F-gp-Xn- _-\v-[w- A-h-km-
\n-∏n-°p-∂- co-Xn-bpw- C-kv-em-an¬- {]m-_-
ey-Øn-ep-≠v'- F-∂- ]-cm-a¿-iw- i-cn-b-√.-
C-kv-em-an¬- A-ß-s\-bn-√.- Nn-e- ap-kv-enw-
Iƒ- A-ß-s\- sN-øp-∂p- F-∂p-am-{Xw.-
aq-∂v- Xz-em-Jpw- \-S-∂p-I-gn-™m¬- ]n
∂o-Sv- B- kv-{Xo-sb- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°m≥-
B-Zy-`¿-Ømhn-\v- ]m-Sn-√-;- A-h-sf- a-s‰m
cmƒ- hn-hm-lw- sN-øp-I-bpw- A-bmƒ- Ah-
sf- Xz-em-Jv- sN-øp-Ib- pw- sN-bX
v- m-e√
- msX.-
B- hn-hm-lw- H-cp- N-Sß- n-\p-th-≠n- \-SØn-
B-Zy- `¿-Øm-hn-\v- Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m-sa-∂-√-
\n¿-tZ-iw.- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bp-≈- hn-hm-l
hpw- A-\n-hm-cy-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-≈- hn-hm
l-tam-N-\-hp-am-bn-cn-°-W-a-Xv.- hn-hm-lw-
"I-gn-∏n-®v'- sam-gn- "sNm-√n-∏n-°p-∂'- G-¿∏m-
Sp-Iƒ- C-s√--∂v- k-m-cw.- "hn-hm-l-tam-N-\-
Ø-n-\v- {]-Xn-^-e-am-bn- h-√-Xpw- sIm-Sp-°p-
∂-Xn¬- Ip-‰a - n-√- F-∂m-Wv- ]-db- p-∂X- v.- A
Xv- _m-[y-Xb - m-sW-∂v- ]-db - p-∂n-√- F∂m-
Wv- hn-a¿-i-I≥- ]-cm-Xn-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- A-{X-
sb-¶n-epw- hn-a¿-i-I≥- k-Ω-Xn-®p-h-t√m.-
A¬-_-J-d-bn-se- 241˛mw- h-N-\w- hn-a¿-i-
I≥- Im-Wm-sX- t]m-hp-I-tbm- I-≠n-s√-
∂v- \-Sn-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.-
A-Xn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv-:- ""hn-hm-l-tam-Nn-X-cm-b-
kv{- Xo-Iƒ-°v- \ym-b{- ]-Im-cw- F-s¥-¶n-epw-
Po-hn-X- hn-`-h-am-bn- \¬-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.- `Iv-
Xn-bp-≈h - ¿-°v- A-sXm-cp- _m-[y-Xb - s- {X''.-
_m-[y-Xb - m-sW-∂v- ]-db - p-∂n-√- F-∂- ]cm-
Xn- Xo¿-∂p-h-t√m?-
hn-hm-l-tam-N-\-Øn-\v- {]-Xn-^-e-am-bn-
h-√X
- pw- sIm-Sp-°p-∂X - n¬- Ip-‰a
- n-√- F-t∂-
Jp¿-B≥- ]-bp-∂p-≈q- F-∂v- k-¶-S-s∏-Sp-
∂- {K-\v-Y-Im-c\v- - Xm≥- hn-ip-≤-am-bn- ]-cn-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
K-Wn-°p-∂- {K-Ÿ-Øn¬- Cu- hn-j-b-Øn-
ep-≈- \n¿-tZ-i-sa-¥m-Wp-≈-sX-∂v- Nq-≠n-
°m-Wn-°m≥- I-gn-bp-tam?- a-\p-kvar-Xn- ]d-
bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
""a-®n-bm-b- `m-cy-sb- F´p-h¿-jw- I-gn-
™pw- Nm-]-n-≈s-- b- {]-k-hn-°p-∂-h-sf- ]-
Øp-h¿-jw- I-gn-™pw- s]-Æp-am-{Xw- {]-
k-hn-°p-∂-h-sf- ]-Xn-s\m-∂p-h¿-jw- I-gn-
™pw- A-{]n-bw- ]-d-bp-∂-h-sf- D-S-s\-bpw-
D-t]-£n-®v- th-sd- hn-hm-lw- sN-ømw.- Cu-
kv{- Xo-Iƒ-°v- k-t¥m-jØ - n-\m-bn- bm-sXm-
∂pw- sImSp-t°-≠- (9:-81)-.-
h-√-Xpw- sIm-Sp-°-Ww- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-
tXm- bm-sXm-∂pw- sIm-Sp-t°-≠X - n-√- F∂v-
]-d-bp-∂-tXm- G-Xm-Wp-Ø-aw- cm-L-h≥-
Po?-
""A-hƒ- tI-h-ew- D-]-t`m-K-h-kv-Xp- am-
{X-am-Wt- √m-!- F-s¥m-cp- kv{- Xo˛]p-cp-j- k-
a-®n-bm-b- s]-Æpw- Nm-]n- ≈
am-{Xw- {]-k-hn-°p-∂- s]-Æpw- F-¥p- a-lm-]m-X-I-am-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv?-
a-®n-bm-b-Xpw- Nm-]-n-≈-sb- {]-k-hn-°p-∂-Xpw- a-\x-]q¿-hw- A-hƒ-
sNbvX- Ip-‰-am-tWm?- C-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w- sN-øp-∂-
Xn-ep-≈- "]-cn-]m-h-\-Xzw'- H-∂v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°m-tam?
a-Xz-hpw- ]m-h-\-am-b- hn-hm-l- a-cym-Z-I-fpw-
Nm-cn-{Xy-t_m-[-hpw-''-- F-∂v- C-kv-em-an-s\-
B-t£-]n-®p-sIm-≠-v ]-d-bp-∂- cm-L-h≥-
Po,-- a-®n-bm-b- s]-Æpw- Nm-]-n≈ - - s b-- {]-
khn-°p-∂- s]-Æpw- s]¨-Ip-´n-sb- am-{Xw-
{]-k-hn-°p-∂- s]-Æpw- F-¥p- a-lm-]m-X-
I-am-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv?- a-®n-bm-b-Xpw- Nm-]-n-
≈-sb- {]-k-hn-°p-∂-Xpw- a-\x-]q¿-hw- A-
hƒ- sN-bv-X- Ip-‰-am-tWm?- C-Xn-s≥-d- t]-
cn¬- hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xn-ep-≈-
"]-cn-]m-h-\-Xzw'- H-∂v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°m-tam?-
k-a-Xzw- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°m-tam?- A-{]n-bw-
]d-bp-∂-h-sf- A-t∏mƒ-X-s∂- H-gn-hm-°-
m-sa-∂-Xn-se- "k-v-{Xo- ]q-P'- a-l-m- tI-aw-X-
s∂!- `¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- A-hn-ln-X- _-\v-[w-
`m-cy- F-Xn¿-°p-tºmƒ- `¿-Øm-hn-\-Xv- -A-
{]-nb
- a- m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂X
- n¬- X¿-°a - n-√t- √m.-
Ah-sf- D-S≥- H-gn-hm-°n- {]-iv-\w- ]-cn-l-
cn-°mw-t]m-epw.- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- a-l-Øm-
b- ssh-hm-ln-I- Zm-º-Xy- \n-b-a-ß-sf- hn-
a¿-in-°p-tºmƒ- ]-Ic
- w- sh-°m-\p-≈X
- v- C-
sXm-s°-Ø-s∂-b-t√?-
kv-{Xo-bp-sS- km-£yw-
hn-a¿-i-I≥- F-gp-X-p-∂p-:- ""H-cp- ]p-cpj-
s≥-d- kvY
- m-\Ø
- v- km-£n-bm-bn- \n¬-°m≥-
c-≠v- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- th-Ww.-Jp (2)- 282''-.-
hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- 2:2-82˛¬- C-ß-s\-
sbm-cp- hm-N-I-an-√.- ""\n-ß-fn¬-s]-´- c-≠v-
]p-cp-j-∑m-sc- \n-߃- km-£n- \n¿-ØpI.-
C-\n- C-cp-h-cpw- ]p-cp-j-∑m-cm-bn-s√-¶n¬-
\n-ß-fn-jv-S-s∏-Sp-∂- km-£n-I-fn¬-\n-∂v-
Hcp- ]p-cp-j-\pw- c-≠v- kv-{Xo-I-fpw- B-bm-
epw- a-Xn.- A-h-cn¬- H-cp-hƒ-°v- sX-‰p-]-‰n-
bm¬- a-‰-hƒ- A-h-sf- Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-hm≥-
th-≠n'',- C-ß-s\-bm-W-Xn-ep-≈-Xv.-
I-S-an-S-]m-Sp-I-sf-∏-‰n-bm-Wv- 2:-82¬- hn-
i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- [-\-kw-_-\v-[-am-b- CS-
- - s b-- {]-khn-°p-∂- s]-Æpw- s]¨-Ip´nsb-
]m-Sv- Iq-Sp-X¬- \-S-Øp-I- ]p-cp-j-∑m-cm-Wv.-
kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- Cu- cw-K-Øv- ]-¶m-fn-Øw-
hf-sc- Ip-d-hm-Wv.- A-hƒ- A-Ø-cw- Imcy-
߃- F-fp-∏-Øn¬- a-d-°m≥- km-[y-X-bp-
≠v.- A-hƒ- X-cf - h
- n-Im- c- Ø
- n-∂[ - o-\b- m-Wv.-
]p-cp-j-∑m-sc-t∏-m-se- Zr--V-a-\-kv-I-c-√-
A[n-I- kv-{Xo-I-fpw.- B¿-Ø-h-]q¿-h- Zn\-
ß-fn-epw- B¿-Øh - - hn-cm-aL- ´- Ø- n-epw- K¿-
`-[m-c-W-Øn-s≥-d- B-Zy-\m-fp-I-fn-ep-sam-
s°- im-co-cn-I- {]-bm-k-ß-tfm-sSm-∏w-
GIm-{K-Xb - n-√m-bva
- b- pw- Hm¿-a° - p-dh - pw- A-
h¿-°p-≠m-Ip-sa-∂X - v- im-kv{- Xo-b- K-thj-
W-߃- sX-fn-bn-®n-´p-≠v.- km-£n-\n¬-°p-
∂- c-≠v- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°pw- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈-
{]-iv-\߃- H-tc-k-a-bw- D-≠m-°p-hm-\p-
≈- km-[y-X- A-Xy-]q¿-h-am-Wv.- "H-cp-hƒ
°v- sX-‰p-]-‰n-bm¬- a-‰-hƒ- A-h-sf- Hm¿-
an-∏n-°m≥-th-≠n'- F-∂- Jp¿-B-\n-s≥-d-
{]tbm-Kw- C-°m-cy-Øn-te-°v- hn-c¬-Nq-≠p-
∂p.- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- {]-tXy-I- {]-Ir-Xn- ]-cn-
K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p-≈Xm-W- v- Cu- \n¿-tZ-iw.-
45
I-Wn-i-hpw- kq-£v-a-hp-am-b- \o-Xn- \n-e-
\n¿-Ø-W-sa-∂- e-£y-am-Wn-Xn-\v- ]n-∂n-
ep-≈-sX-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- hn-a¿-i-I¿- {K-ln-
t°-≠-Xp-≠v.- kv-{Xo-I-fp-am-bn- _-\v-[-s∏-
´- hn-jb
- ß
- f- n-epw- C-S]
- m-Sp-If- n-epw- H-‰- kv-
{Xo-bp-sS- km-£yw-X-s∂-- ]-cn-K-Wn-°p-sa-
∂- Im-cyw- hn-kv-a-cn-®p-Iq-Sm.-
kv-{Xo-bp-sS- km-£n-sam-gn-°v- A-º-Xv-
i-X-am-\w- am-{Xw- hn-e-I¬-]n-®p- F-∂v- ]-
c-n-X-]n-°p-∂- cm-L-h≥-Pn,-- Cu- hn-j-b-
Øn¬- Xm≥- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂- -{K-\v-Y-ß-
fn¬- F-¥v- \n-e-]m-Sm-Wp-≈-sX-∂v- t\m-
°n-bn-´p-t≠m?-
""kv-{Xo,- _m-e≥,- hr-≤≥,- Nq-Xv- I-fn-
°m-c≥,- a-Ø-\m-b-h≥,- D-∑m-Z-ap-≈≥,- {_
lv-a-l-Xy- Xp-S-ßn-b- ]m-]-ap-≈-h≥,- Nm-c-
W≥- (Km-b-I≥,- \-S≥- Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿)-
]mJ-WU v- n- (\m-kX
v- n-I≥),- hym-Pt- c-J- Na-
°p-∂h - ≥,- hn-Ie
- mw-K≥,- ]-Xn-X≥,- kp-lr-
Øv,- ]-Ww- sIm-Sp-°p-∂-h≥,- k-lm-bn,-
i-{Xp,- I-≈≥,- km-l-kn- (]n-Sn-®p-]-dn-°m-
c≥)-,- {]-Xy-£-am-b- tZm-j-ap-≈-h≥,- _\v-
[p- ° ƒ- D- t ]- £n- ® - h ≥- Xp- S - ßn-b -h ¿-
km£n-I-fm-hm≥- tbm-Ky-c-√''- (bm-PvR-
h¬-Iy-kv-ar-Xn- 2:-70,-71).-
kv-{Xo-I-sf- km-£y-Øn-\v- ]-‰m-Ø-Xn-
s≥-d- Im-c-Ww- a-\p-kv-ar-Xn- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-
∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-
""\n-jvIm- a
- \
- m-b- H-cp-Øs
- \- km-£n-bm-
bn- kzo-I-cn-°mw.- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- h-f-sc-t]cm-
bm-epw- A-h-cp-sS- _p-≤n-°v- kv-ssY-cy-an-
√m-Ø-Xn-\m-epw- A-h-sc-bpw- ap≥]-d-™-
tZm-jn-I-sf-bpw- I-Sw- ap-X-em-b- hn-j-b-
Øn¬- km-£n-tXy-\- kzo-I-cn-°-cp-Xv''- (8:-
77).
kv-{Xo-bp-sS- km-£n-Xz-Øn-\v- 50 i-X-
am-\w- hn-et- b- C-kve
- mw- I¬-]n-°p-∂p-≈q-
F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂ hn-a¿-i-I-\v- ]q-Pyw- i-X-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
am-\w- hn-e-I¬-]n-°p-∂ -kv-ar-Xn-{K-Ÿ-ß-
sf--°p-dn-s®-¥m-W-`n-{]m-bw?-
A-\m-Y-kv-{Xo-I-fpw- hn-h-m-l-hpw-
{K-\v-Y-Im-c≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""A-\m-Y-I-
fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- \o-Xn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn-s\-
\n-߃- `-b-s∏-´m¬- Cu-c-≠m-bpw- ap-Ωq-
∂m-bpw- \-∂m-em-bpw- \n-߃-°v- C-jv-S-
ap-≈- kv{Xo-I-sf- hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-
≈q.- F-∂m¬- \n-߃- \o-Xn-]m-en-°p-∂-
Xn-s\- `-bs- ∏-´m¬- H-∂p-am-{X-sa- ]m-Sp-≈q.-
A-s√-¶n¬- \n-߃- D-S-a-bm-°n-b- A-Sn-a-
kv-{Xo-I-sf.-- \n-߃- A-\o-Xn- sN-øm-Xn-cn-
°p-∂-Xn-\v- G-‰-hpw- k-l-m-b-I-c-am-Wv-
AXv.- (A-d-_n-I-fp-sS- H-cp- ]-g-b- k-{º-Zm-
b-sØ- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-am-°n-bm-Wv- Cu- ]-d-
bp-∂-Xv.- A-h¿- A-h-cp-sS- c-£-bn¬- hf¿-
∂- b-Ø-ow -h-\n-X-I-sf- hn-hm-lw- sN-øp-
I-bpw- A-h-tcm-Sv- A-\o-Xn-bm-bn- s]-cp-am-
k-º-Øpw- ku-µ-cy-hpw- a-‰pw-I-≠v- A-h¿- A-\m-Y- s]¨-Ip-´n-I-sf-
hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°p-I-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- A-h-Im-i-߃- h-I-sh-®p-sIm-Sp-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- B- am-Xr-I- a-p-kv-enw-Iƒ-
]n-¥p-S-c-cp-sX-∂pw- A-h-tcm-Sv- \o-Xn- ]m-en-°p-I-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- A-h-
Im-i-߃- A-\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-t≠- A-h-sc-
hn-hm-lw- sN-øm-hq- F-∂p-am-Wv- Cu- kq-IvX - w- a-\
dp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.- a-‰p-`m-cy-am-sc-t∏m-
se- A-h-sc- I-W-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Cu-
k-{º-Zm-bw- Cu- B-b-Øn¬- hn-tcm-[n-°p-
I-bpw- a-‰v- kv-{Xo-I-sf- hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-Xp-
sIm-≈p-hm≥- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp
∂p) Jp-:- 4/3.
""A-\m-Y-I-sf-bpw- bp-≤w-aq-e-ap-≠m-b-
hn-[-h-I-sf-bpw- kw-c-£n-°m≥-th-≠n-bm-
Wv- C-…-m-an¬- _-lp-`m-cy-m-Xzw- A-\p-h-Zn-
®-Xv- F-∂- `m-jy-hpw- hn-iZ- o-Ic
- W
- h
- pw- Cu-
B-bØ - n-eq-sS- s]m-fn-™p-t]m-hp-Ib - m-Wv.-
A-\m-Y-I-sf- hn-hm-lw- sN-ø-cp-Xv- F-∂p-
X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-bn- A-X-p- ]-d-bp-∂p''-
(t]Pv-:- 60,- 61).-
A-\m-Y-I-sf-bpw- hn-[-h-I-sf-bpw- kw-
c-£n-°p-hm≥-th-≠n- am-{X-am-Wv- C-kve - mw-
_-lp-`m-cy-Xzw- A-\p-h-Zn-®-Xv- F-∂- hm-Zw-
i-cn-b-√.- A-X-√-m-Ø- Im-c-W-ß-fpw- A-Xn-
\p-]n-∂n-ep-≠v.- "A-\m-Y-I-sf- hn-hm-lw-
sN-ø-cp-Xv- F-∂p-X-s∂- A-Xv- hy-Iv-X-am-bn-
]-d-bp-∂p-'- F-s∂-gp-Xn-b-Xpw- i-cn-b-√.- A-
\m-Y-I-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- \o-Xn-]m-en-°p-
∂-Xn-s\- `-b-s∏-´m¬- F-∂-√- \o-Xn- ]men-
°m-\m-hn-s√-∂v- \n-߃- `-b-s∏-´m-¬- F
∂m-Wv- Jp¿-B\ - n-ep-≈X
- v.- \o-Xn- ]m-en-°m-
\m-hn-s√-∂v- `-bs - ∏-´m¬- A-\m-YI - f- √
- m-Ø-
h-sc- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°p-I- F-∂v- ]-d-™-
Xn¬-\n-∂v- \o-Xn-]m-en-°m≥- I-gn-bp-sa-
¶n¬- A-\m-Y-I-sf- hn-hm-lw- sN-øm-sa-∂-
√m-sX,-- A-\m-Y-I-sf- H-cn-°-epw- hn-hm-lw-
sN-ø-cp-Xv- F-∂v- a-\- n-em-°m≥- A-km-
am-\y- _p-≤n-Xs - ∂- th-Ww.- A-d_ - n-If- n¬-
Nn-e-cp-sS- k-{º-Zm-b-sØ-°p-dn-®v- hn-a¿-i-
I≥- {_m-°-‰n¬- sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv- hm-kv-X-h-
am-Wv.- k-º-Øpw- ku-µ-cy-hpw- a-‰pw-I-≠v-
A-h¿- A-\m-Y- s]¨-Ip-´n-I-sf- hn-hm-lw-
I-gn-°p-I-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- A-h-Im-i-߃-
h-I-sh-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-
- n-em-°n-Øc- p-∂Xv.-
Xn-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- B- am-Xr-I- a-p-kv-enw-
Iƒ- ]n-¥p-S-c-cp-sX-∂pw- A-h-tcm-Sv- \o-Xn-
]m-en-°p-I-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- A-h-Im-i-߃-
A-\p-hZ- n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ib
- pw- sN-bvX
- p-sIm-
t≠- A-h-sc- hn-hm-lw- sN-øm-hq- F-∂p-
am-Wv- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- a-\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-
∂Xv.-
kv-{Xo-bp-w- kz-Ø-h-Im-i-hpw-
hn-a¿-i-I≥- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""c-≠v- s]-Æn-
s≥-d- H-m-l-cn-°v- Xp-eyw- B-Wn-\v- kz-Øv.-
Jp- (4)-11''.-
]p-cp-j-\p-≈-Xn-s≥-d- ]-Ip-Xn- kz-Ø-
h-Im-i- kv-{Xo-°v- ap-kv-enw- i-co˛A-Øv- {]-
Im-cw- e-`n-°p-∂p-≈q.- kv-{Xo-°v- Xo-sc-
kz-Ø-h-Im-iw- C-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Im-e-Øv- A-
td-_y-bn¬- A-hƒ-°v- ]-Ip-Xn- kz-Øv- \¬
In- {]-hm-N-I≥- hn-π-hm-Xv-a-I-am-b- a-m-‰w-
h-cp-Øn-sb-∂m-Wv- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- tLm-jn-
°p-∂-Xv.- hm-Z-K-Xn-°p-th-≠n- A-Xv- i-cn-
bm-sW-∂v- k-Ω-Xn-°p-I.- ]-s£,- C-∂v-
46
CX-ca - X
- k- vY
- ¿- ]p-cp-j\- p-≈{- X- X-s∂- kz-
Ø-h-Im-i-hpw- a-‰v- km-aq-ly-]-Z-hn-bpw- Xp
ey-am-bn- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- \¬-In-b-t∏mƒ-
apkve - nw- h-\n-XI - ƒ- ]-gb - - 7˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬-
X-s∂- Po-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- Im-e-Øn-s≥-d-
{]hm-l-Øn¬- H-en-®n-d-ßn-t∏m-tI-≠-Xm-
bn-cp-∂- ]-e- aen-\h - k- vX
- p-°f - pw- a-Xa- uen-
I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS- X-S-b-W-I-fn¬- In-S-∂v- Po¿-
Wn-°p-∂-Xv- C-kv-emw- Im-Wp-∂n-√.- 7˛mw-
\q-‰m-≠n¬- hn-π-hm-Xv-a-I-am-b-Xv- ]-e-Xpw-
21˛mw- \q-‰m-≠m-Ip-tºm-tg-°pw- {]m-Ir-Xa - m-
bn- am-dpw.- Im-eL - ´- Ø- n-\\ - p-kc - n-®p-≈- am
‰-am-Wv- b-Ym¿-Y- am-‰w''- (t]-Pv-:- 61).-
""\n-ß-fp-sS- k-¥m-\-ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-
Øn¬- A-√m-lp- \n-ß-tfm-Sv- \n¿-tZ-in-°p-
∂p-;- B-Wn-\v- c-≠v- s]-Æn-s≥-d- Hm-l-cn-
°v- Xp-ey-am-b-Xp-≠v- F-∂v'' F-∂m-Wv- {]
kv-Xp-X- kq-Iv-X-Øn-s≥-d- B-cw-`-Øn¬- ]-
d-bp-∂-Xv.-
A-td-_y-bn¬- kv-{Xo-°v- kz-Ø-h-Im-
iw- \¬-In- {]-hm-N-I≥- hn-π-h-I-c-am-b- am
‰w- h-cp-Øn-sb-∂-Xv- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS- sh-
dp-sam-c-p- "tLm-jn-°-e-√'- Ncn-{X-k-Xy-am-
Wv.- hm-Z-Øn-\p-th-≠n-t]m-epw- k-Ω-Xn-®n-
s√-¶n-epw- k-Xyw- k-Xy-am-Im-Xn-cn-°n-√.-
a-X{- K-\vY
- ß- f
- n¬- H-cp- hn-jb- s
- Ø-°p-dn®v-
bm-sXm-cp- \n¿-tZ-ih - p-an-√m-Øh - ¿-°pw- aX-
\n-b-a-ß-sf- C-jv-Sm-\p-k-c-Ww- am-‰-n-a-dn-
°m≥- kzm-X-{¥yap-≈-h¿-°pw- Zn-t\-\- ]p
Xn-b- \n-b-a-߃- D-≠m-°p-I-bpw- A-h-
bn¬- am-‰w- h-cp-Øp-I-bpw- sN-ømw.- F∂m
¬- ssZ-hI - ¬-]\- I
- s- f-bpw- A-hs - ≥-d- Ah-
s≥-d- \n-b-a-ß-sf-bpw- Im-em-\p-kr-Xw-
s]m-fn-s®-gp-Xm≥- C-kv-emw- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-
∂n-√.-
4:-11s≥-d- A-h-km-\-Øn¬- Jp¿-B≥-
]d-bp-∂p-:- ""A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- ]-°¬-\n-∂p-
≈- (Hm-l-cn)-\n¿-W-b-am-Wn-Xv.- Xo¿-®-bm-
bpw- A-√m-lp- F-√mw- A-dn-bp-∂-h-\pw-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
bpIv-Xn-am-\p-am-Ip-∂p''.-
c-≠v- kv{- Xo-If - p-sS- Hm-lc - n-°v- Xp-eyam-
b- Hm-lc - n- H-cp- ]p-cp-j\ - v- e-`n-°p-∂X
Xn-am-\pw- k¿-h-Pv-R-\p-am-b- A-√m-lp-hn-
s≥-d- Xo-cp-am-\-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.- A-√m-Ø-]-
£w- C-kv-emw- ]p-cp-jt\-m-Sv- A-\o-Xn-
ImWn®-ps - h-∂v- ]-dt- b-≠n-hc - p-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s≥-d- ap-gp-h≥- km-º-Øn-I-
_m-[y-X-bpw- ]p-cp-j-\n-em-Wv- C-kv-emw-
G¬-]n-°p-∂-Xv.- `m-cy- F-{X- ]-W-°m-cn-
bm-sW-¶n-epw- B- _m-[y-X- A-h-fn¬- Np-
-a-Øp-∂n-√.- hn-hm-lm-h-k-c-Øn¬- h-c≥-
\¬-Ip-∂- "a-l¿'- (hn-hm-l-aq-eyw)- h-[p-
hn-\v- am-{Xw- A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.- km-º-
Øn-I- _m-[y-X- ap-gp-h≥- ]p-cp-j\ - n¬- Npa-
Øn-bn-´pw- kv-{Xo-°v- kz-Ø-h-Im-iw- \¬-
In-b- C-kv-em-an-I- \n-b-aw- A-h-sf- Aw-Ko-
I-cn-°p-I-bpw- B-Z-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-
°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv- k-Xyw.- G-‰-hpw- bpIv-
Xn-a-Øpw- \ym-b-]q¿-W-hp-am-b- \-S-]-Sn-bm-
Wn-Xv.-
kv{Xo°pw- ]p-cp-j-\pw- Xp-ey-kz-Ø-h-
Im-iw- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- C-cp-h-cn-epw- km-º
Øn-I- _m-[y-X- Np-aØ -- p-I-bpw- sN-ø¬-
A-{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-Wv.- Im-c-Ww- km-º-Øn-
I- _m-[y-X- G-s‰-Sp-°m≥-- hn-hn-[- Im-c-
W-ß-fm¬- a-lm-`q-cn-]-£w- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-
°pw- I-gn-bn-√.- km-º-Øn-I- _m-[y-X- kv-
{Xo-I-sf- am-{Xw- G¬-]n-°¬- A-{]m-tbm-
Kn-I-am-sW-∂v- ]-d-tb-≠-Xn-√.- kv-{Xo-°v-
]pcp-j-s\-°mƒ- C-c-´n- kz-Ø-h-Im-iw-
\¬-Ip-I-bpw- km-º-Øn-I- _m-[y-X- ]pcp-
j-s\- am-{Xw- G¬-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-ø¬-
]p-cp-j-∑m-tcm-Sp-≈- A-\o-Xn-bm-bn-cn-°pw.-
G-‰-hpw- D-Nn-X-am-b- Im-cyw- "7˛mw- \q-‰m-
≠n¬'- hn-ip-≤- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-™-Xp-X-
s∂-!-
C-Xc
- - a-Xk
- vY
- ¿- ]p-cp-j\
- p-≈{- X-Xs
- ∂-
a-‰p- km-aq-ly- ]-Z-hn-I-fpw- Xp-ey-am-bn-
kv{Xo-Iƒ-°v- \¬-In- F-∂-Xv- ]-d-bm-≥-
Ffp-∏a - p-≈X - p- w- - tIƒ-°m≥- C-ºa - p-≈Xp-
- v- bpIv- a-- -m-W-v.- G-Xp- a-X-am-W-Xv- \¬-In-b-Xv?- A-
ß-s\- Xp-ey-am-bn- \¬-I-s∏-´- km-aq-ly-
]-Z-hn-Iƒ- G-sXm-s°-bm-Wm-th-m?- ln-µp-
Xz- A-P-≠-bp-am-bn- ap-t∂m-´v- t]m-Ip-∂-
hmPv-t]-bn- k¿-°m¿- kv-{Xo- kw-h-c-W-
_n¬- ]-cm-Pb - s - ∏-Sp-Øm≥- Ifn-°p-∂- Ifn-
bpw- ]-b‰p-∂- X-{¥-ß-fpw- hn-a¿-i-I≥-
I≠n-s√-∂v- \-Sn-°p-Ib - m-tWm?- C-Xc - - aX-
kv-Y¿-°n-S-bn¬- kv-{Xo-°pw- ]p-cp-j-\pw-
km-º-Øn-I- _m-[y-X- Xp-ey-am-tWm?-
IpSpw-_-Øn¬- C-c-p-h¿-°pw- H-tc- kv-Ym-
\-am-tWm?- F-√m- ssl-µ-h- t£-{X-ß-fn-
epw- kv-{Xo-Iƒ-°v- {]-th-i-\-ap-t≠m?-
Ds≠-¶n¬-X-s∂- t£-{X-Øn-s≥-d- G-Xv-
`m-Kw-h-sc- {]-th-in-°mw?-- Xp-ey- ]-Z-hnbp-
sS- A-Sn-kY v- m-\Ø - n¬- G-sXm-s°- t£{X-
ß-fn-em-Wv- kv-{Xo-Ifm-b- ]q-Pm-cn-Wn-Iƒ-
C-Xc- - a-Xk
- vY
- ¿- ]p-cp-j\
- p-≈{- X-Xs
- ∂- a-‰p- km-aq-ly- ]-Zh
- n-If
am-bn- kv{Xo-Iƒ-°v- \¬-In- F-∂-Xv-,- ]-d-bm-≥- Ffp-∏-ap-≈-X-pw- - tIƒ
°m≥- C-º-ap-≈Xp--a-m-W-v.- G-Xp- a-X-am-W-Xv- \¬-In-b-Xv?- A-ß-s\-
Xp-ey-am-bn- \¬-I-s∏-´- km-aq-ly- ]-Z-hn-Iƒ- G-sXm-s°-bm-Wm--thm?-
ln-µp-Xz- A-P-≠-bp-am-bn- ap-t∂m-´v- t]m-Ip-∂- hmPv-t]-bn- k¿-°m¿-
kv-{Xo- kw-h-c-W- _n¬- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥- Ifn-°p-∂- Ifn-bpw- ]-
b‰p-∂- X-{¥-ß-fpw- hn-a¿-i-I≥- I≠n-s√-∂v- \-Sn-°p-I-bm-tWm?
D-≈-Xv?-
"7˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- hn-π-hm-Xv-a-I-a-b-Xv-
]-e-Xpw- 21˛mw- \q-‰m-≠n¬- {]m-Ir-X-am-bn-
am-dpw'- F-∂,- - hn-a¿-iI
- s
- ≥-d- \n-Ka
- \
- Ø
- n¬-
I-g-ºn-s√-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- h-ø.- 21˛mw- \q-‰m-
≠m-tI-≠,- A-Xn-\p-aptº "]-e-Xpw'- {]m
Ir-X-am-tb-°mw.- F-∂m¬- F-√mw- {]mIr-
X-am-In-√.- "]-e-Xpw'- Iq-Sp-X¬- B-[p-\n-I-
am-bn- am-dpw.- A-Xn-\v- sX-fn-hmWv- C-kv-em-
an-I- i-co-A-Øv.- A-Xv- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-s≥-d-
\n-b-a-am-Wv.- Im-e-{]-hm-l-Øn¬- H-en-®n-
d-ß-n-t∏m-Im-Ø,- H-gp-°n-s\-Xn-sc- K-an-°p-
∂- kw-ip-≤- \n-b-a-am-W-Xv.- A-Xv- "a-X-au-
en-I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS- X-S-b-W-I-fn¬- In-S-∂v-
Po¿-Wn-°p-I-'-b-√-;- "a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS-
Po-hn-X-Øn-eq-sS- Iq-Sp-X¬- {]-tim-`n-X-am-
hp-I'--bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.- am-‰m-\-\p-hm-Z-ap-
≈- Im-cyw- am-t‰-≠-h¿-°v- am-t‰≠n-h-cp-
tºmƒ- am-‰mw.- C-kv-emw- Im-em-Xn-h¿-Øn-
bm-Wv.- A-Xn¬- am-‰w- tam-ln-°p-∂-h¿-°v-
tam-l-`w-Kw- am-{X-am-bn-cn-°pw ^-ew.-
47
C-kv-em-apw- ]p-cp-j-ta-[m-hn-Xz-hpw-
C-kv-emw- ]p-cp-j- ta-[m-hn-Xz- a-X-am-
sW-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°m≥- hn-a¿-i-I≥- F-Sp-
Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xv- Jp¿-B-\n-se- \m-emw-
A-[ym-b-Øn-se- 34˛mw- h-N-\-am-Wv.- A-t±-
lw- F-gp-Xp-∂p-:- ""]p-cp-j-∑m¿- kv-{Xo-I-fp-
sS-ta¬- Im-cyw- t\m-°p-∂-h-cm-Ip-∂p.- F-
¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬- A-√m-lp- A-h-cn¬- Nn-
e¿-°v- a-‰p-Nn-es
- c-°mƒ- t{i-jT v- X
- - \¬In.-
Iq-Sm-sX- A-h-cp-sS- ap-X-ep-I-fn¬-\n-∂v-
Ah¿- sN-e-hm-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- \-√-
kv-{Xo-Iƒ- A-\p-k-c-W-bp-≈-h-cpw- c-l-
ky-߃- kq-£n-°p-∂h - c
- p-am-Wv.A- √ - m-lp-
kq-£n-®-Xn-\m¬.- G-Xv- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- h-
g-°n-s\- \n-߃- `-b-s∏-Sp-∂p-thm- A-h-
sc- \n-߃- D-]-tZ-in-°p-I.- In-S-∏p-kv-Ym-
\-ßf - n¬-\n-∂v- A-hs- c- sh-Sn-bp-Ib - pw- sN-
øp-I.- A-h-sc- \n-߃- A-Sn-°p-I-bpw- sN-
øp-I.- A-ß-s\- A-h¿- \n-߃-°v- Io-g-S-
- pw- Xpey-
ßn-bm¬- A-hs - c- kw-_\ - v[- n-®v- bm-sXmcp-
am¿K-hpw- \n-߃- A-t\z-jn-°-cp-Xv.- \niv-
N-b-am-bpw- A√m-lp- D-Ø-a-\pw- a-lm-\p-
am-Wv.- A-h¿-°v- k-w-`-hn-°m-\p-≈- ]-e-
hn]-Øp-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- A-√m-lp- A-h-sc-
kq-£n-®n-´p-≠v.- A-Xv- A-h¿- Hm¿-Ω-n-°
Ww.- A-ß-s\- A-h¿- i-cn-°v- kq-£n-°p-
I-bpw- th-Ww-.- Jp- (4)-34''- (t]-Pv- 61,- 62).-
Cu- B-b-Øn-s≥-d- i-cn-bm-b- A¿-Yw-
Im-Wp-I-:-
""]p-cp-j-∑m¿- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS-ta¬- \n-b-
{¥-Wm-[n-Im-c-ap-≈-h-cm-Ip-∂p.- a-\p-jy-
cn¬- H-cp- hn-`m-K-Øn-\v- a-dp- hn-`m-K-sØ-
°mƒ- A-√m-lp- Iq-Sp-X¬- I-gn-hv- \¬-In-
b-Xp-sIm-≠pw,- (]p-cp-j-∑m¿)- A-h-cp-sS-
[-\w- sN-e-h-gn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-W-Xv.- A-
Xn-\m¬- \-√-h-cm-b- kv-{Xo-I-ƒ- A-\p-k-c-
W-io-e-ap-≈-h-cpw,- A-√m-lp- kw-c-£n-
®{]-Im-cw- (]p-cp-j∑- m-cp-sS)- A-`m-hØ
- n¬-
(kw-c£ - n-t°-≠s - X-√mw)- kw-c£ - n-°p-∂-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
h-cp-am-Wv.- F-∂m¬- A-\p-kc - W
- t- °-Sv- Im-
Wn- ° p- s a- ∂ v - \n- ß ƒ- B- i - ¶ n- ° p- ∂ -
kv{Xo-I-sf- \n-߃- D-]-tZ-in-°p-I.- In-S-
∏-d-I-fn¬- A-h-cp-am-bn- A-I-∂v- \n¬-°p-
I.- A-h-sc- A-Sn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-
≈p-I.- F-∂n-´-h¿- \n-ß-sf- A-\p-k-cn-°p-
∂-]-£w- ]n-s∂- \n-߃- A-h¿-s°-Xn-
cn¬- H-cp- am¿-K-hpw- tX-S-cp-Xv.- Xo¿-®-bm-
bpw- A-√m-lp- D-∂X - \- pw- a-lm-\p-am-Ip-∂p''-
(4:-34).--
hn-a¿-i-I≥- Cu- kq-Iv-X-Øn-\v- \¬-
In-b- A¿-Y-Øn¬- Nn-e- hm-°p-Iƒ- H-gn-
hm-°n-b-Xpw- A-h-km-\-Øn¬- Nn-e- h-N-
\-߃- Iq-´n-t®¿-Ø-Xpw- {i-≤n-°p-I.-
""]p-cp-j-∑m¿- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- ta¬- Im-
cyw- t\m-°p-∂-h-cpw- A-h-sc-°mƒ- t{i-
jvT
- X
- b- p-≈h- c
- p-am-sW-∂v- A-Xv- ]-db
- p-∂p.-
kz-Øn-s≥-d- D-S-a-bpw- ]p-cp-j≥-X-s∂''- F-
"kv-{Xo-Iƒ- Iu-am-cØn¬- A-Nv-O-\m-e-pw- bu-h-\-Øn¬- `¿-Øm-hn-
\m-epw- hm¿-[-Iy-Øn¬- ]p-{X-\m-epw- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-S-W-'sa-∂- a\p-
kv-ar-Xn-bp-sS- \n¿-tZ-iw- ]p-tcm-K-a-\-]-c-hpw- A-tX- B-i-bw- C-k-vemw-
- ]-db
\o-Xn-bm-Wp-≈-Xv?- kv-{Xo- kzm-X-{¥y-a¿-ln-°p-∂n-√- F-∂p- ]-d-™Xv-
a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-tbm- A-tXm- Jp¿-B-t\m-?-
∂v- hn-a¿-i-I≥- ]-cn-`-hn-°-p-∂p-≠v.- "kv-{Xo-
Iƒ- Iu-am-cØn¬- A-Nv-O-\m-e-pw- bu-h-
\-Øn¬- `¿-Øm-hn-\m-epw- hm¿-[I - y-Øn¬-
]p-{X-\m-epw- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-S-W-'sa-∂-
a\p-kv-ar-Xn-bp-sS- \n¿-tZ-iw- ]p-tcm-K-a-\-
]-c-hpw- A-tX- B-i-bw- C-kv-emw- ]-d-bp-
tºmƒ- A-Xv- ]n-¥n-cn-∏-\m-i-bhp-am-sW-
∂p ]-dbp-∂-Xn¬- F-¥v- \o-Xn-bm-Wp-≈-
Xv?- kv-{Xo- kzm-X-{¥y-a¿-ln-°p-∂n-√- F-
∂p- ]-d-™-Xv- a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-tbm- A-tXm-
Jp¿-B-t\m-?- ]p-cp-j-s≥-d- kz-Øn-s≥-d- D-
S-a- ]p-cp-j-\pw- kv-{Xo-bp-sS- k-z-Øn-s≥-d-
D-S-a- kv-{Xo-bpw- X-s∂-bm-Wv.- kv-{Xo- kz-
Øv- k-ºm-Zn-°m≥- ]m-Sn-√- F-∂v- C-kv-emw-
]-d™- n-´n-√;- - A-\p-aX - n- \¬-In-bn-´p-≠v- Xm-
\pw.- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- ta¬-t\m-´w- ]p-cp-j-
∑m¿-°m-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬- F-¥-]m-I-
X-bm-Wp-≈-Xv?- H-∂n-e-[n-Iw- B-fp-Iƒ-°v-
]-¶p-≈- G-Xv- cw-K-Øpw- H-cp- ta¬-t\m-´-
°m-c≥- B-hi - y-am-Wv.- Ip-Spw-_Ø- n¬- B-
A-[n-Im-cw- ]p-cp-j\ - v- \¬-In F-∂p-am-{Xw.-
A-Xn-\v- Im-c-W-am-bn- ]-d-bp-∂- H-cp- Im-
cyw- ]p-cp-j-∑m¿°v- kv-{XoI-sf-°mƒ- t{i-
jv-T-X- \¬-In- F-∂-Xm-Wv.- im-co-cn-I-hpw-
am-\-kn-I-hp-am-bn- ]p-cp-j-∑m¿-°v- kv-{Xo-
I-sf-°m-fp-≈- an-I-hv- hn-a¿-i-I-\v- \n-tj-
[n-°m≥- Ign-bp-tam?- kv{- Xo-If - n¬-\n-∂v- {]-
h-m-N-I-∑m-sc- A-√m-lp- \n-tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-
cp-∂X - v- C°m-cW - ß - ƒ-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.-
]p-cp-j∑ - m-cm-Wv- kv{- Xo-If
- p-sS- ap-gp-h≥- sN-
e-hp-I-fpw- h-ln-t°-≠-Xv- F-∂-Xm-Wv- a-
s‰m-cp- Im-c-Ww.- kv-{Xo-I-sf- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-
cn-K-Wn-°p-I-bpw- B-Z-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv- C-
Xp-h-gn- C-kv-emw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
kw-c-£n-t°-≠-sX-√mw- (hn-in-jym,-
]p-cp-j-s≥-d- A-`m-h-Øn¬)- kw-c-£n-°p-
∂-h-cm-Wv- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- F-∂- hm-N-I-sØ-
"kv{- Xo-Iƒ- A-hc - p-sS- c-lk- y-`m-Kß
- ƒ- ]p-
cp-j\ - p-th-≠n- kq-£n-°W - '-sa-∂v- I¬-]n-
- p-tºmƒ- A-Xv- ]n-¥n-cn-∏\- m-ib- hp-am-sW-∂p ]-dbp-∂X- n¬- F¥v-
°p-∂p-sh-∂v- B-t£-]-cq-]-Øn¬- hym-
Jym-\n-°p-I-bm-Wv- hn-a¿i-I≥.- `m-cy-am¿-
A-ß-s\- sNtø-≠- F-∂m-tWm- A-t±-l-
Øn-s≥-d- hm-Zw- F-∂-dn-bn-√.-
kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- t]-cn¬- A-®-S-°- \-S-]-
Sn- F-Sp-t°-≠- Im-cy-sØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv- B-
b-Øn-s≥-d- A-SpØ-`m-KØv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.-
C-°m-cyw- hn-hm-lt- am-N\ - s
- Ø-°p-dn-®v- ]d-
™n-SØ - v- hn-iZ- o-Ic- n-®X
- n-\m¬- B-h¿-Øn-
°p-∂n-√.- kv-{Xo-I-sf- A-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-
‰
- n-bp-≈- ]-cm-a¿-is - Ø-°p-dn-®v- hn-a¿-iI- ≥-
F-gp-Xp-∂p-:-
""I-e-l-n-°p-tºmƒ- bm-Zr-iv-Nn-I-am-bn-
A-Sn-®p-t]m-hp-∂-Xpw- H-cp- ]p-Wy-{K-\v-Yw-
Aw-Ko-Ic - n-®v- A-\p-aX
- n- \¬-In-b\ - n-eb
- n¬-
A-Sn-°p-∂-Xpw- hy-Xy-kv-X- I¿-a-ß-fm-Wv.-
B-Zy-tØ-Xv- Ip-‰-t_m-[tØm-sS- sN-øp-
∂-Xpw- c-≠m-a-tØ-Xv- [m¿-an-Im-[n-Im-c-
tØm-sS- sN-øp-∂X - p-am-Wt- √m''- (t]-P:v- 6- 2).-
A-S-n-t°-≠- L-´-ap-≠m-bm¬- A-[ym-
48
]-I≥- hn-Zym¿-Yn-sb-bpw- A-Nv-O-\-Ω-am¿-
a-°-sf-bpw- A-Sn-°pw.- hn-tcm-[w- sIm-≠-
√- A-Xv-;- \-∂m-hm-\m-Wv.- `m-cy-am-sc- A-Sn-
t°-≠- L-´w-h-∂m¬- G-Xv- k-a-Xz-hm-Zn-
bm-Wv- A-Sn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I?- ap-kv-enw- ]p-
cp-j∑- m-sc-√mw- H-cp- ]p-Wy-I¿-as
- a-∂- \ne-
bn¬- `m-cy-am-sc- A-Sn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv- F-∂v-
hn-a¿-i-I≥- sX-‰n-≤-cn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬- AXv-
Xn-cp-Øp-I.-
{]hm-N-I-\v- `m-cy-am-sc- kw-i-b-tam?-
{]-hm-N-I-\v- X-s≥-d- `m-cyam-sc- kw-i-
b-am-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂v- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂- B-b-
Øv- F-∂p-]-d-™v- hn-a¿-i-I≥- Jp¿-B-\n-
se- 33˛mw- A-[ym-b-Øn-se- 53˛mw- h-N-\w-
D-≤-cn-°p-∂p.- {]-kv-Xp-X- h-N-\-Øn-s≥-d-
b-Ym¿-Y-- A¿-Yw- Im-Wp-I-:-
""k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-tf,- `-£-W-Øn-\v-
(\n-ßs - f- £-Wn-°p-Ib - pw)-,- \n-߃-°v- k-
Ω-Xw- In-´p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xm-e-√m-sX- \-_n-
bp-sS- ho-Sp-I-fn¬- \n-߃- I-S-∂p-sN-√-cp-
Xv.- A-Xv- (`-£-Ww)- ]m-I-am-Ip-∂-Xv- \n-
߃- t\m- ° n- b n- c n°- p - ∂ - h - c m- I - c p- X v . -
]t£,- \n-߃- £-Wn-°s - ∏-´m¬- \n-߃-
I-S-∂p-sN-√p-I.- \n-߃- `-£-Ww- I-gn-
®m¬ ]n-cn-™p-t]m-hp-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.- \n-
߃- h¿-Ø-am-\w- ]-d-™v- c-kn-®n-cn-°p-
∂-hc - m-hp-Ib
- pw- A-cp-Xv.- Xo¿-®b - m-bpw- A-
sXm-s°- \-_n-sb- iey-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - m-Ip-
∂p.- F-∂m¬- \n-ß-tfm-Sv- (A-Xv- ]-d-bm≥)-
A-t±-l-Øn-\v- e-Pv-P- tXm-∂p-∂p.- k-Xy-
Øn-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- A-√m-lp-hn-\v- e-PvP-
tXm-∂p-I-bn-√.- \n-߃- A-h-tcm-Sv- (\_n-
bp-sS- `m-cy-am-tcm-Sv)- h-√- km-[-\-hpw- tNm-
Zn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬- a-d-bp-sS- ]n-∂n¬-\n-
∂v- tNm-Zn-®p-sIm-≈p-I.- A-Xm-Wv- \n-ß-
fp-sS- lr-Z-b-߃-°pw- A-h-cp-sS- lr-Z-b-
߃-°pw- Iq-Sp-X¬- kw-ip-≤a - m-bn-´p-≈X - v.-
A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- Zq-X-\v- i-ey-ap-≠m-°m≥-
2004 P-\p-h-cn--
\n-߃-°v- ]m-Sn-√.- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ti-jw-
H-cn-°-epw- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- `m-cy-am-sc- \n-
߃- hn-hm-lw- I-gn-°m-\pw- ]m-Sn-√.- Xo¿-
®-bm-bpw- A-sXm-s°- A-√m-lp-hn-¶¬- Ku-
c-h-ap-≈- Im-cy-am-Ip-∂p''.-
Cu- B-b-Øn-\v- ti-jw- hn-a¿-i-I≥-
F-gp-Xp-∂p-:-
""Jp-dm≥- Po-{_-n¬- F-∂- ssZ-h-Zq-X≥-
h-∂v- [ym-\-\n-c-X-\m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂- ap-l-
Ω-Zv- \-_n-°v- \¬-In-b- ssZ-h-t{]m-Iv-X-ß-
fm-sW-∂m-Wv- ap-…o-߃- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.-
ta¬- D-∂-bn-®- B-b-Øv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-
bp-sS- tI-h-ew- Ip-Spw-_-I-m-cy-hp-am-Wv.-
Pn{_n-en-\pw- A-√m-lp-hn-\pw- A-Xn¬- F-
¥p-Im-cy-sa-∂v- tN-m-Zn-®p-t]m-Ipw.- hm¿-[-
Iy-Im-e-Øv- _m-en-I-am-sc-bpw- bp-hXn-I-
sf-bpw- U-k≥-I-W-°n¬- hn-hm-lw- sN-
bvX
- p-Iq-´n-bt- ∏mƒ- hr-≤k
- l
- P
- a
- m-b- X-s≥d-
kv-{Xo-I-sf- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- h-∂m¬- F-¥m-Wv- Ip-g-∏w?-
hn-in-jv-S- hy-Iv-Xn-I-sf- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- Xm-e-s∏m-en-tb-¥n-b- X-cp-Wn-
Iƒ- A-Wn-\n-c-°m-dp-≠-t√m.- hn-in-jv-S- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ- kv-{Xo-I-fm-sW-
¶n¬- C-\n- ap-X¬- A-h-sc- kzo-I-cn-°m≥- Xm-e-s∏m-en-tb-¥n-b- bph-
tIm-af- ∑
{]Xym-in-°mw.-
ssew-Kn-IZ- p¿-_e - X - - Nq-jW
- w- sN-bvX
- v- `m-
cy-am-sc- h-√- bp-hm-°-fpw- B-I¿-jn-®p-h-
i-Øm-°p-tam-sb-∂pw- b-p-h-Xn-I-fm-b- `m-
cy-am¿- A-]-Y-k-©m-cw- \-S-Øp-tam-sb-
∂pw- \ym-b-am-bpw- B-i-¶n-®v- A-t±-lw- A-
kz-kv-Y-\m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww.- A-Ø-cw- {]-
Xn-Iq-e- km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- tam-N-\w-
e-`-n-°m-\p-≈- H-cp- Ip-dp-°p-h-gn-bm-tb-
ta¬-t{]m-Iv-X-sØ- I-m-Wm≥- ]-‰q.- \-_n-
bp-sS- `m-cy-am-tcm-Sv- kw-km-cn-°p-tºmƒ- ad-
bv-°v- ]p-d-Øp-\n-∂v- th-W-sa-∂pw- A-Xv-
A-h-cp-sS-bpw- \n-ß-fp-sS-bpw- lr-Z-b-߃-
°v- \-√-Xm-sW-∂p-ap-≈- {]-t_m-[-\w- \-
_n-°v- X-s≥-d- `m-cy-am-cn-epw- ho-´n¬-h-cp-
∂- A-Xn-Yn-I-fn-ep-ap-≈- kw-i-b-am-Wv-
hnfw-_-cw- sN-øp-∂-Xv''- (t]-Pv-:- 63).-
ssk-\-_-(d)-bp-am-bp-≈- {]-hm-N-I-
s≥d- hn-hm-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-k-c-hp-am-bn-
_-\v-[-s∏-´m-Wv- Cu- kq-Iv-Xw- A-h-X-cn-®-
Xv.- hn-kv-Xm-c-`-b-Øm¬- B- kw-`-hw- F-
Sp-Øp-]-d-bm-\p-t±-in-°p-∂n-√.- _p-Jm-cn,-
apkv-enw- F-∂o- l-Zo-kv- {K-\v-Y-ß-fn¬- A-
Xv- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.-
{]-hm-NI- s- ≥-d- kvY - m-\a
- m-\ß - ƒ- am-\n-
®p-sIm-≠v- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- B-Nc - n-t°-
≠- a-cym-ZI- ƒ- A-hc - p-sS- th-Z{- K-\Y
v- Ø
- n¬-
]-d-bp-∂-Xn-¬- F-¥-m-Wv- sX-‰v?- \-_n- (e)-
°p-ti-jw- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- `m-cy-am-sc- B-
cpw- hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-Xp-Iq-Sm- F-∂-sXm-gn-
®v- Cu- kq-Iv-X-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂- Im-cy-ß-
sf√mw- a-s‰-√m- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ-°pw- _m-[-
I-am-sW-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- \-_n-tbm-Sp-≈- A-
\v-[-am-b- hn-tcm-[-{]-I-S-\-Øn-\n-S-bn¬- hn-
a¿-i-I≥- Hm¿-°m-sX-t]m-bn.- {]-hm-N-I-
s≥d- `m-cy-am¿-°v- k-Xy-hn-i-zm-kn-I-fp-sS-
am-X-m-°ƒ- F-∂- D-∂-X-am-b- kv-Ym-\-am-
Wv- Jp¿-B≥- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-
X-s∂- A-hs - c- a-‰p-≈h - ¿-°v- hn-hm-lw- sN-
øm≥- ]m-Sn-s√-∂v- hn-[n-°p-Ib - pw- sN-bvX - p.-
- m-sc- A-Wn-\n-cØ - m≥- {ioam≥- cm-Lh - ≥- ap-t∂m-´v- h-cp-sa∂v-
]p-kvX - I- Ø- n-s≥-d- 38˛mw- t]-Pn¬- sIm-
Sp-Ø- H-cp-U-k≥- `m-cy-am-cp-sS- t]-cphn-h-
cw- 63˛mw- t]-Pn-se-Øn-bt- ∏m-tg-°pw- hna¿-
i-I≥- U-k≥-I-W-°n¬- F-∂m-°n!- 12˛\v-
U-k≥- I-W-°n¬- F-∂v- ]-d-bm-tam?-
BC-i-(y)-bp-sS- t]-cn-\p-ti-jw- am-{X-
amWv- hn-a¿-i-I≥- {_m-°-‰n¬- h-b- v- kq-
Nn-∏n-°m≥- 9 F-s∂-gp-Xn-b-Xv.- _m-en-I-
F-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- a-‰-m-cp-an-s√-∂v- hy-Iv-Xw.-
A-hc - n¬- an-°h - c
- pw- hr-≤I - f - m-bn-cp-∂p- F-
∂-Xm-Wv- k-Xyw.- F-∂n-´pw- hn-a¿-i-I≥-
]-d-bp-∂p- "hm¿-[-Iy-Im-e-Øv- _m-en-I-am-
sc-bpw- bp-hX - n-Is- f-bpw- U-k≥-IW - °- n¬-
hn-hm-lw- sN-bvX - p-Iq-´n-bt- ∏mƒ.......'- F-∂v.-
]p-cm-tW-Xn-lm-k-ß-fn-se- tZ-ho- tZ-h-∑m-
cp-sS-bpw- km-£m¬- {io-Ir-jv-W-s≥-d-bp-
sam-s°- eo-em-hn-em-kß - f - pw- `m-cy-am-cp-sS-
F-Æ-hp-sam-s°- A-dn-bp-∂-h-tcm-Sv- \-_n-
bp-sS- `m-cy-am-cp-sS- F-Æw- s]-cp-∏n-®v- Im-
´n-bn-´v- Im-cy-an-s√-∂v- hn-a¿-i-I≥- a-\- n-
em-°p-∂n-√.- {]-hm-N-I-s\-°p-dn-®v- hy-Iv-
49
Xn-]-c-am-bn- B-t£-]n-°p-∂- hn-a¿-i-I-
s≥d- "{]-Xn-]-£- _-lp-am-\-hpw'-,- "k-ln-
jv-Wp-X-bpw'- hm-b-\-°m¿- th-≠p-thm-fw-
a-\- n-em-°p-I.-
""kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- kz-¿-Km-tcm-l-W-sØ-
]-‰n- (Jp¿-B-\n¬)- H-cp- {]-Xn-]m-Zy-hp-an-
√''- F-∂- {K-\v-Y-Im-c-s≥-d- I-≠p-]n-Sp-Øw-
A-]m-cw-X-s∂.- ""kv-{Xo-I-sf- F-Xn-tc¬-
°m≥- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- h-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v- F-¥v-
{]-tbm-P-\-am-Wv''- F-∂- tN-m-Zy-Øn-s≥-d-
D-t±-iy-sa-¥m-Wm-thm?- kv-{Xo-I-sf- kzo-
I-cn-°m≥- kv-{Xo-Iƒ- h-∂m¬- F-¥m-Wv-
Ip-g-∏w?- hn-in-jv-S- hy-Iv-Xn-I-sf- kzo-I-cn-
°m≥- Xm-e-s∏m-en-tb-¥n-b- X-cp-Wn-Iƒ-
A-Wn-\n-c-°m-dp-≠-t√m.- hn-in-jv-S- hy-Iv-
Xn-Iƒ- kv-{Xo-I-fm-sW-¶n¬- C-\n- ap-X¬-
A-hs - c- kzo-Ic
- n-°m≥- Xm-es - ∏m-en-tb-¥n-
b- bp-h-tIm-a-f-∑m-sc- A-Wn-\n-c-Øm≥-
{ioam≥- cm-L-h≥- ap-t∂m-´v- h-cp-sa-∂v-
{]Xym-in-°mw.-
A-\y-a-X- A-\p-Iq-e- kq-Iv-X-߃,-
A\y-a-X- {]-Xn-Iq-e- kq-Iv-X-߃- F-∂n-
ß-s\- th¿-Xn-cn-®v- G-Xm-\pw- Jp¿-B≥-
kq-IX v- ß- ƒ- k-µ¿-`Ø - n¬-\n-∂S- ¿-Øn-sb-
Sp-Øpw- A-√m-sX-bpw- D-≤c - n-®v- hn-a¿-iI- ≥-
Zp¿-hym-Jym-\w- sN-øp-∂p-≠v.-
a-dp-]-Sn-b¿-ln-°m-Ø- _m-en-i-hm-Z-ß-
fm-Wh - - \n-cØ
- p-∂X- v.- Jp¿-B\ - n-se- 23˛mw-
A-[ym-bØ - n-se- 6˛mw- kq-IX v- s
- Ø- Zp¿-hym-
Jym-\w- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v- 1921se- a-e-_m¿-
I-em-]-Øn-s≥-d- kw-Lv-]-cn-hm¿- ]-£-
Ncn-{X-hm-b-\-bpw- hn-a¿-i-I≥- \-S-Øp-∂p-
≠v-;- A-Xy-[n-Iw- {]-tIm-]-\-]-c-am-b- co-Xn-
bn¬-X-s∂.- a-e-_m¿- I-em-]-sØ- hn-e-bn-
cp-Øm-s\m-cp-ßn-bm¬- A-t\-Iw- t]-Pp-
Iƒ- A-Xn-\p-X-s∂- th-≠n-h-cpw.- kw-L-
]-cn-hm¿- i-Iv-Xn-Ifp-sS- ^m-kn-k-Øn¬-
Ccp-f-S-™- \mƒ-h-gn-I-sf- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-
≠p-h-tc-≠n-h-cpw. B-h-iy-sa-¶n¬- A-h-
hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.-
2004 P-\p-h-cn-- 50

im-kv-{X kw-hm-Zw-

(t]-Pv- 36 ¬- \n-∂v-˛ kmt¶XnIhnZysb .......-)

ßfn¬- X´n- {]Xn-^en-°p-∂p.- {]Xn-^en-X i_v-Zho-Nn-Iƒ-
I¿- W ߃- kzo- I cn- ° p- I bpw- B¥cI¿- W w- CXn- s \
A]{KYn-®p- a\ n-em-°p-Ibpw- sNøp-∂p.- Aßs\ hgn-bn-
ep-≈ {]Xn-_‘ßsf°p-dn-®v- h∆m-ep-Iƒ-°v- a\ n-em-°p-
hm≥- Ign-bp-∂p.- hfsct\cn-b Iºn-Ifp-sS km-∂n-[yw- t]m-
epw- Cßs\ a\ nem-°p-hm≥- h∆m-ep-Iƒ-°v- Ign-bpw.-
]d∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂ jUv-]Zßsf ]d∂p-sIm-≠p- Xs∂
]n-Sn-Iq-Sp-hm-\pw h∆m-ep-Iƒ-°v- km-[n-°p-∂Xv Aƒ{Sm-tkm-
Wn-Iv- kzo-Icn-Wn-bp-≈Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv-.- i_v-Zap-Jcn-Xam-b
A¥co-£Øn¬- t]m-epw- kz-¥w- i_v-Zho-Nn-Isf Xn-cn-®dn-
bp-hm≥- h∆m-ep-Iƒ-°v- Ign-bpw.--
Bgnbnse tZimS\°m¿
Nn-eXcw- a’y-ßfpw- A¤p-XIcam-b tZimS\߃-
\SØp-∂p-≠v.- AXn-sem-∂m-Wv- Bcep-Iƒ.- s_¿-ayq-Ubp-
sS sX°p-In-g°v- 950 In-tem-ao-‰¿- am-dn- k¿-Km-tkm-ISen¬-
sh®m-Wv- Bcep-Iƒ ]p-\cp¬-]m-Z\w- \SØp-∂Xv.- Ahn-
sS\n-∂v- Bc¬em¿-hIƒ- Atacn-°bn-te°pw- bq-tdm-∏n-
te°pw- bm-{X Xp-Sßpw.- bq-tdm-]y≥- Bcen-s≥-d em¿-hIƒ-
Ahn-sSsbØp-hm≥- aq-∂p- h¿-jhpw- Atacn-°≥- Bcep-
Ifp-sS em¿-hIƒ- Atacn-°bn-seØm≥- Hcp-h¿-jhpsaSp- ∂Xv,- Bcm-tWm- B¿-Iv-Sn-Iv-tSWn-\v- Zn-im-hn-Pv-Rm-\o-bw-
°pw.- bq-tdm-]y≥- Bcep-Ifp-sS Im-cy-saSp-°p-I.- bq-tdm-∏n- a\ n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-ØXv- Ah≥- Xs∂bm-Wv- Bc¬-em¿-
se ip-≤PeXSmIßfnem-Wv- Ah hfcp-∂Xv- Bdc ap-X¬- hIƒ-°v- ISen-eq-sS hgn-bdn-bp-hm-\p-≈ Ign-hpw- \¬-In-bXv.-
F´c hb v- {]m-bam-Ip-tºm-gm-Wv- Bcep-Iƒ- ]q¿-Whf¿- F√m-hn-[ hn-Pv-Rm-\o-bßfpw- AKm-[am-bn- Adn-bp-∂h\p-
®sbØp-∂Xv.- {]P\\Im-eam-bm¬- Bcep-Iƒ- Xn-cn-®v- am-{Xsa Cu- Po-hnIƒ-s°√mw- {]kv-Xm-hn-°s]´ Ign-hp-Iƒ-
Bg°Sen-te°v- bm-{Xbm-cw-`n-°p-∂p.- ]Iepw- cm-{Xn-bpw- \Zn- \¬-Im≥- km-[n-°q.- kIehn-[ Ign-hp-Ifp-sSbpw- t{km-
Ifn- e q- s S k©cn- ® v - ISen- s eØn- t ®cp- ∂ Bcep- I ƒ- X mb ]S®Xºp-cm-s\ Aw-Ko-Icn-°mXncn°m≥- Po-hn-Ifp-
Bg°Sen¬- sN∂v - e£°W°n- \ v - ap- ´ Ifn- ´ v - Ahn- sS P∑hm-k\Isf°p-dn-®v- ]Tn-°p-∂ Hcmƒ-°v- Ign-bn-√.-
sSØs∂ Po-hn-Xahkm-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.- bq-tdm-]y≥- Bcep-Iƒ- GXm-\pw- Nn-e Po-hn-Ifp-sS P∑hm-k\Isf°p-dn-®p-
Aøm-bn-ctØm-fw- Intem-ao-‰dp-Iƒ- bm-{XsNbv-Xn-´m-Wv- am{Xam-Wv- Chn-sS {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv.- CtXt]m-se Hm-tcm-
k¿Kmtkmbn¬ FØnt®cp∂sXt∂m¿°pI. BcmWnh Po-hn-°pw- AXn-s≥-d \n-e\n¬-]n-\pw- Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ-°pw- A\p-
bv°v k¿-Km-tkm-bn-te°p-≈ hgn- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-ØXv?- krXam- b P∑hm- k \Iƒ- \¬- I s∏´n- c n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂v -
CXn-t\°mƒ- A¤p-XIcam-Wv- Bc¬- em¿-hIfp-sS bm-{X.- ssPhtem-IsØ°p-dn-®v- ]Tn-®m¬- t_m-[y-am-Ipw.- Cu-
k¿-Km-tkm-bn¬- \n-∂v- bm-{XXn-cn-°p-∂ Ahbv-°v- hgn-Im- P∑hm-k\Ifp-sS Zm-Xm-hv- Bcm-Wv?- krjvS- n-°p-Ibpw- kwhn-
Wn-®p- sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥- Bcp-w- Xs∂bn-√.- Ahbp-sS am-Xm]n- [m-\n-°p-Ibpw- P∑hm-k\Ifn-eq-sS Po-hn-Iƒ-°v- Ahbp-sS
Xm-°ƒ- k¿-Km-tkm-bn¬- Xs∂ Po-hn-Xahkm-\n-∏n-®n-cn- Po-hn-Xam¿-Kw- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw- sNbv-Xh≥- AXyp-
°p∂p.- F¶n-epw- Cu- Bc¬-em¿-hIƒ- bm-{XsNbv-Xv- IrXy- ∂X≥- Xs∂.- Ah\v- kv-Xp-Xn-If¿-∏n-°m-sX Po-hn-Isf°p-
ambn- Xßfp-sS am-Xm-]n-Xm-°ƒ- bm-{XXp-Sßn-b AtXkv- dn-®v- ]Tn-°p-∂h¿-°v- ap-t∂m-´v- t]m-Im-\m-hn-√.- hn-ip-≤ Jp¿
YeØv- Xs∂ Xn-cn-s®Øp-∂p.- B\n-s≥-d A`y¿Y-\ F¥p-am-{Xw- A¿Y-hØm-Wv-!
Bcm-Wv- Bc¬-em¿-hIƒ-°v- hgnIm-Wn-®p- sIm-Sp-°p- "krjvSn-°p-Ibpw- kw-hn-[m-\n-°p-Ibpw- hy-hkvY- \n¿
∂Xv? Bcm-tWm- _o-hdn-\v- km-t¶Xn-Ihn-Zy- ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm- Wbn-®p- am¿-KZ¿-i\w- \¬-Ip-Ibpw- sNbvX - AXyp-∂X\mb
Sp-ØXv,-- Bcm-tWm- ]£n-Isf Krl\n¿-am-Whn-Zy- A`y-kn- \n-s≥-d c£n-Xm-hn-s≥-d \mw- {]Io¿-Øn-°p-I'- (81: 1-˛3).-
∏n-®Xv,- Bcm-tWm- tX\o-®Iƒ-°v- Pym-an-Xn- a\ n-em°n- "BIm-ißfn-epw- `q-an-bn-ep-ap-≈sX√mw- A√m-lp-hn\v-
s°m-Sp-ØXv,- Bcm-tWm- Ddp-ºp-Iƒ-°v- cm-kktµißfp¬- {]Io¿-Ø\w- sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- Ah≥- {]Xm-]n-bpw- bp-IvXn-
]m-Zn-∏n-°p-hm-\pw- {Kln-°p-hm-\p-ap-≈ Ign-hp-Iƒ- \¬-In-bXv.- am-\p-as{X'- (57:1).-
Bcm-tWm- h∆m-ep-Iƒ-°v- tkm-Wm-{K^n- A`y-kn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-