k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

Fw.Fw. AIv_¿

k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

\n®v Hm-^v {SqØv

 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

Cu temIØns\mcp {kjvSmhp≠v˛ Poh≥

\¬In hmbphpw sh≈hpw kuIcys∏SpØn `qansb
PohnXtbmKyam°nb ]caImcpWnI\mb {kjvSmhv. \mw
ChnsS Fßs\ Pohn°Wsa∂pw Cu PohnXØns≥d
]cae£yw Fs¥∂pw ZqX∑m¿ aptJ\ {kjvSmhv \sΩ
]Tn∏n®p. \ΩpsS PohnXØns≥d IW°v acWtijw
\mw {kjvSmhns≥d apºn¬ t_m[n∏nt°≠nhcpw. A∂v
samadanathinte doodan ]pWyw sNbvXh\v \∑bpw ]m]w sNbvXh\v Xn∑bpw
(malayalam) {]Xn^ew In´pw. AXn\m¬ {kjvSmhv Xs≥d ZqXcneqsS
author: \¬Inb \n¿tZia\pkcn®v Pohn°pIbmWv a\pjys≥d
m.m.akbar c£mam¿Kw.
publishers:
niche of truth \ap°v temI{kjv S mhv \¬Inb \n¿tZi
kalabhavan road, cochin- 18 kwlnXbmWv Jp¿B≥. aplΩZv \_nbneqsS Ah≥ B
first edition : april 1999 ktµiw a\pjy¿s°Øn®psImSpØp. CXdn™hcpw
second edition: november 2001 AdnbmØhcpw \ap°nSbn¬ D≠v. temIsc apgph≥
typesetting : creative media {kjv S mhns≥d ktµiadnbn°¬ AXdn™hcpsS
cover : yoonus _m[yXbmWv. AXn\mbn cq]oIrXamb Hcp
printing: anaswara, cochin {]kvYm\amWv "\n®v Hm^-v {SqØv'.
price: rs. 20/-
\mYm, kXyaX ktµi{]NcWØn\p
th≠nbp≈ hn\oXamsbmcp kwcw`amWnXv. \o G¬]n®
DØchmZnØØns≥d \n¿hlWØn\p th≠nbp≈
Ffnb {iaw. CsXmcp {]Xn^em¿lamb {]h¿Ø\ambn
kzoIcnt°Wta (Bao≥).

UbdIvS¿
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
a- \p-jy≥- P-∑-\m- Pn-Pv-Rm-kp-hm-Wv.- X-s∂-bpw- X-\n-°v-
Np‰p-ap≈- tem-I-sØ-bpw- Ip-dn-®- A-t\z-j-Ww- A-h-s≥-d- Ip-´n-
°m-ew-ap-X¬-X-s∂- B-cw-`n°p-∂p.- I-fn-∏m-´w- X-√n-bp-S-®v- A-Xn-\p-
≈n-ep-≈-Xv- F-s¥m-sW-∂-dn-bm-\p-≈- B¿-Øn- {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-
sIm-®p-Ip-™v- tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- bm-Ym¿-∞y-a-dn-bm-\p-≈- a-\p-j-y-[n-
j-W-bp-sS- H-Sp-ßm-Ø- B-{K-l-Øn-s≥-d- {]-X-o-I-am-Wv.- B-Im-i-
Øn-s‚--A-\-¥-X-I-fn-epw- B-‰-Øn-s≥-d- k-¶o¿-W-X-I-fn-epw- I-Æpw-
\-´n-cn-°p-∂- im-kv-{XPv-R-cpw- Cu- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- bm-Ym¿-Yy-a-dn-
bm\mW-v- {i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-
A-dn-™n-S-tØm-fw- {]-]-©-Øn-se- Nn-¥-m-i-Iv-Xn-bp-≈- GI-
Po-hn-bm-Wv- a-\p-jy≥.- Cu- _r-l-Zv- {]-]-©-Øn-\v- \-Sp-hn¬- \n¬-
°p-∂- a-\p-jy≥- kzm-`m-hn-Ia - m-bpw- tNm-Zn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂- Ip-sd- tNmZy-
ß-fp-≠v.- X-s∂-bpw- {]-]-©-sØ-bpw- Ip-dn-®-dn-bm-\p-≈- a-\p-jy-
[n-jW - b- p-sS- kzm-`m-hn-Ia - m-b- tX-´a
- m-Wv- Cu- tNm-Zy-ßf - n-eq-sS- {]I-
S-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- \n-c-£-c-cm-b- a-\p-jy¿- ap-X¬- im-kv-{X-Pv-R¿-
hsc- Cu- tNm-Zy-߃- tNm-Zn-®p-sIm-≠ncn-°p-∂p.- a-\pjy-\v- F-∂v-
_p-≤ni-Iv-Xn-bpw- Nn-¥m-ti-jn-bp-ap-≠m-tbm- A-∂p-ap-X¬- A-h≥-
tNm-Zn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- Cu- tNm-Zy-߃.- hy-Xy-kv-X-
\mKcnI-XI - f
- p-sS- N-cn-{Xw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ- C-°m-cyw- \-ap°v-
a\ n-em-°mw.-
9 10
k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
{k-jv-Sm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®- A-t\z-j-Ww-
a-\p-jy≥- A-`n-ap-Jo-Ic - n-°p-∂- {]-Ya- - tNm-Zyw- Cu- _r-lØm
b- {]-]-©w- \n¿-an-®p-\-S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- B-cm-sW-∂p-≈-
Xm-Wv.- H-cp- a-lm-{K-\v-Yw-t]m-se- \-ap-°p-ap-∂n¬- Xp-d-∂p-sh-°-s∏-
´n-´p-≈- Cu- {]-]-©-Øn-se-hn-sS-bpw- A-Xn-s≥-d- \n¿-am-Xm-hn-s‚--
t]-sc-gp-Xn-sh-®n-´n-√.- ]t£,- {]-]© - - ]p-kX v- I
- Ø
- n-se- Hm-tcm- A£-
c-hpw- C-Xn-s∂m-cp- \n¿-am-Xm-hv- B-h-iy-am-sW-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-bpw-
{]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-≠v.- B \n¿-am-Xm-hn-s≥-d- kz`-m-h- k-hn-ti-j-X-
Isf- kw-_\ - [
v- n-®v- H-cp- G-ItZ-i- Nn-{Xw- Cu- ]p-kX v- I
- Ø- n-se- hmIy-
߃- \¬-Ip-∂p-s≠-∂-Xm-Wv- hm-kv-X-hw.- ]¿-∆-X-Øn-s‚- D-®n-
bntem- B-gn-bp-sS- A-Km-[-X-I-fn-tem- B-Im-i-Øn-s≥-d- A-\-¥-X-
bn-tem- H-∂pw-X-s∂- C-h- kr-jv-Sn-®v- ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-bp-sS-
t]-sc-gp-Xn-sh-®n-´n-s√-∂X - v- k-Xy-am-Wv.- ]-t£,- ]¿-∆X
\n¬-∏n-s\-bpw- B-Im-i-Øn-s≥-d- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s\-bpw- k-ap-{Z-Øn-s‚-
- Ø- n-s≥-d- \ne-
-\-S-Øn-∏n-s\-bpw- Ip-dn-®p- ]-Tn-°p-tºmƒ- C-h-°p-]n-∂n¬- A-P-ø-
\m-b- H-cp- {k-jv-Sm-hp-s≠-∂- bm-Ym¿-∞yw- \-ap-°v- ap-∂n¬- sX-fn-
™p-h-cpw,- Xo¿-®.-
a-\p-jy≥-
\mw- \-sΩ-°p-dn-®p-X-s∂- Nn-¥n-°p-I.- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- kr-jv-Sn-
∏-n-s\-°p-dn-®v.- ]n-Xm-hv- {k-hn-°p-∂- e-£-°-W-°n-\v- _o-P-ß-
fnsem∂v- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d- K¿-`] - m-{X-Øn¬-sh-®v- A-WvU - h- p-am-bn- kw-
tbm-Pn®v- kn-Iv-Xm-Wv-U-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p.- Cu- kn-Iv-Xm-Wv-U-Øn-∂-dn-
bn-√,- Xm≥- h-f¿-∂v- ]p-dØ
- p-t]m-Ip-∂- tem-IØ - n¬- Nq-Spw- X-Wp∏pw-
Im-‰pw- sh-fn-®-hpw- i-_v-Z-hpw- k-zm-Zp-sa-√m-ap-s≠-∂v.- ]t£,- knIv-
Xm-Wv-Uw- kz-bw-X-s∂- hn-`-Pn-®p-≠m-hp-∂- 6x-1014 (600000000000000)-
tIm-iß - f
- m¬- C-hs - b-√m-ad- n-bm-hp-∂- I-e- (tissue) I-fp-≠m-hp-∂p.-
Im-Wm≥- I-Æpw- tIƒ-°m≥- Im-Xpw- cq-]-s∏-Sp-∂p.- F-cn-hpw-
]pfnbpw- I-bv-]pw- a-[p-c-hp-a-dn-bm-\p-≈- kzm-Zp-ap-Ip-f-߃- D-≠m-
Ip-∂p.- Nq-Spw- XWp-∏pw- A-dn-bm-\p-≈- R-c-ºp-Iƒ- D-S-se-Sp-°p-
∂p.- lr-Z-bw,- I-cƒ,- B-am-i-bw- Xp-S-ßn-b- B-¥-cm-h-b-h-߃-
cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p.- F-√m-‰n-\p-ap-]-cn-bm-bn- C-h-sb-√mw- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂,-
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

A-Xv-`p-X-ß-fn-¬- A-Xv-`p-X-am-b- a-kv-Xn-jv-Iw- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂p.- Ch- ssP-h-tem-I-sØ- A-Xv-`p-X-߃-

bvs
- °-√mw- ]n-∂n¬- H-cp- a-lm-\m-b- {k-jvS- m-hn-s≥-d- B-kq-{Xn-Xhpw- a-‰p-≈- Po-hn-If - n-te-°v- t\m-°p-I.- k-ap-{Z-Øn-se- aXvk - y-߃,-
kq-£v-a-hp-am-b- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fm-tWm,- A-X-√- bm-Zr-iv-Nn-I-X- B-Im-i-Øn-se- ]-d-h-Iƒ,- h-\y-ar-K-߃,- ho-´p-ar-K-߃- F-√m-
bmtWm- _p-≤n-bp-≈-h¿-°v- Im-Wm-≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xv?- Øn\pw- A-hb - p-sS- ]-cn-Xk - vY
- n-Xn-°m-hi - y-am-b- {]-tXy-IX - I - ƒ- \¬-
I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.-
k-ky-˛P-¥p- ]m-c-kv-]-cyw-
]-d-°p-∂- ]-£n-I-fp-sS- A-kv-Yn-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-epw- Xq-h-ep-Iƒ-
\-Ωp-sS- Np-‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn-te-°v- I-tÆm-Sn-°p-I.- hy-Xy-kv-X-ß- °n-Sb - n-epw- A-t\-Iw- hm-bp-tIm-iß - f - n¬- k-Zm- Im-‰v- \n-d™ - p-\n¬-
fm-b- ^-e-ß-fp¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂- k-ky-߃- C-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- °p-∂-Xn-\m¬- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂- `m-c-°p-d-hv- A-h-bv-°v- ]-d-°m≥-
`q-an-bn¬- P-¥p-°-fp-sS- Po-hn-Xw- A-km-[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.- a-\p- k-lm-bI - a - m-bn- `-hn-°p-∂p.- F-∂m¬- sh-≈Ø - n¬- \o-t¥-≠- ]£n-
jy-\-S-°-ap-≈- P-¥p-°ƒ- D-Oz-kn-°p-∂- Im¿-_¨- ssU- Hm-Iv- Iƒ-°v- Cu- k-hn-ti-j-X- D-]-Im-c-{]-Z-a-√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- A-h-bp-sS-
ssk-Uv- h-en-s®-Sp-Øv- Po-hn-I-fp-sS- \-n-izm-k-hm-bp-hm-b- Hm-Iv-kn- F-√v- s]m-≈-b-√.- ]-I¬- C-ctX-Sp-∂- ]-£n-Iƒ-°v- A-Xn-∂-\p-Iq-e-
P≥- ]p-d-Øp-hn-Sp-∂-Xv- l-cn-X- k-ky-ß-fm-Wv.- k-ky-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬- am-b- imco-cn-I- L-S-\-bp-≈-t∏mƒ- cm-{Xn- C-c-tX-Sp-∂- aq-ß,- ]m-Xn-
P-¥p-°ƒ-t°m,- P-¥p-°-fn-s√-¶n¬- k-ky-߃-t°m- Po-hn-°m≥- c-s°m-°v- ap-Xem-b-h-bv-°v- A-Xn-\-\p-Iq-e-am-b- im-co-cn-I- L-S-\-
h-øm-Ø- A-h-kv-Y!- iz-k-\-Øn-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- am-{X-a-√,- `-£- bm-Wp-≈X - v.- ap-´b
- n-Sp-∂X - n-\pw- Ip-™p-ßs - f- h-f¿-Øp-∂X - n-\pambn-
W-Øn-s≥-db - pw- tcm-K{- ]-Xn-tcm-[Ø - n-s≥-db - p-sa-√mw- cw-Kß- f- n¬- Cu- ]-£n-Iƒ- \n¿-Ωn-°p-∂- Iq-Sp-Iƒ-- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-∂- Gh-cpw- A-Xv-
]-c-kv-]-c- k-l-I-c-Ww- Im-Wmw.- `p-X-s∏-´p-t]m-Ipw.- a-c-s°m-ºn-en-cp-∂v- D-d-ßp-∂- ]-£n-Iƒ- tZ-lw-
H-cp-Zm-l-c-Ww.- k-ky-߃-°v- {]-Xyp¬-]m-Z-\w- \-S-Ø-W-sa- Im-en¬- A-a-cp-∂-tXm-sS- Im-ep-Iƒ- a-S-ßp-I-bpw- Nn-e- amw-k-t]-
¶n¬- B¨-]q-hn-ep-≈- ]q-sºm-Sn- s]¨-]q-hn-s≥-d- tI-k-c-Øn¬- in-I-fpw- X-¥p-°-fpw- h-f-™v- hn-c-ep-I-sf- sIm-ºn-\p-Np-‰pw- ap-dpIn-
]-Xn-°-Ww.- P-¥p-°-sf-t∏m-se- N-e-\- kzm-X-{¥y-ap-≈-h-b-√-t√m- °n-S°- m≥- k-lm-bn-°p-Ib - pw- sN-øp-∂X - n-\m¬- a-cØ - n¬-\n-∂v- Ah-
k-ky-߃.- C-Xn-\v- k-ky-߃- Nn-e- j-Uv-]-Z-ß-fp-sS- k-lm-bw- ho-Wp-t]m-Ip-∂n-√.-
tX-Sp-∂p.- B¨-]q-hn¬-\n-∂v- ]q-sºm-Sn- s]¨-]q-hn-se-Øn-°p-∂Xv- ]-£n-Iƒ-°v- ]-d° - m-\m-bn- \¬-Is - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂- Nn-dI - p-IfmWv-
Cu- j-Uv-]-Z-ß-fm-Wv.- j-Uv-]-Z-ß-sf- B-I¿-jn-°m-\m-Wv- ]p-jv-]- a-s‰m-cp- A-Xv-`p-Xm-h-b-hw.- ]-£n-I-fp-sS- i-cm-i-cn- th-KX-- a-Wn-
߃-°v- \n-d-ß-fpw- a-W-hp-ap-≈-Xv.- {]-Xyp¬-]m-Z-\-Øn-\v- ]m-I-amb- °qdn¬- ap-∏-Xv- ap-X¬- A-dp-]-Xv- h-sc- In-tem-ao-‰-dm-sW-¶n-epw- \q‰n-
]q-°ƒ- {]-ISn-∏n-°p-∂- \n-d-Øn-epw- tX-\n-epw- B-Ir-jv-S-cm-sb- ap-∏-Xv- ap-X¬- \q-‰n-b-º-Xp-h-sc- In-tem-ao-‰¿- th-K-X-bn¬- ]-d-°p∂-
Øp∂- j-Uv] - Z- ß
- f- p-sS- Im-ep-If - n-eq-sS- A-h- t]m-ep-ad- n-bm-sX- ]cm- ]-£n-If - p-ap-≠v.- B¬-_t- {Sm-kn-s\-t∏m-se- h-fs - c- Zq-cw- Nn-dI - v- A\-
K-Ww- \-S°p-∂p.- X-ß-fp-sS- {]-Xyp¬-]m-Z-\-Øn-\v- k-lm-bn-°p-∂- °m-sX- H-gp-In-∏-d-°p-∂- ]-£n-Iƒ-°v- h-f-sc- \o-fw- Iq-Sn- ho-Xn-
j-Uv] - Z- ß
- ƒ-°v- ]q-°ƒ- \¬-Ip-∂- k-Ω\ - a
- m-Wv- tX≥- F-∂v- thW- Ipd-™- Nn-d-Ip-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.- Im-S-sb-t∏m-se- s]-s´-∂v- s]m-¥n-
sa-¶n¬- ]-d-bmw.- DS-s\- h-f-sc- th-Kw- ]-d-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂- ]-£n-Iƒ-°v- ho-Xn-Iq-Sn-
F-{X- hy-h-kv-Ym-]n-X-am-bm-Wv- Im-cy-߃- kw-hn-[m-\n-°-s∏- \o-fw- Ip-d-™- Nn-d-Ip-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.-
´n-cn-°p-∂X - !v- - C-hs - b-√mw- A-Pø - \- m-b- H-cp- {k-jSv- m-hn-s≥-d- B-kq{Xn I-cP - o- h- n-If- n¬- \n-s∂m-cp-Zm-lc - W- w- Iq-Sn.- a-cp-°∏ - ¬- F-∂dn-
X- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fm-bn-´m-tWm- A-X-√,- tI-h-e- bm-Zr-iv-Nn-I-X-bpsS- b-s∏-Sp-∂- Po-hn-bm-W-t√m- H-´-Iw.- F-¥m-Wn-ß-s\- hn-fn-°-s∏-
th-e-I-fm-bn-´m-tWm- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- a-\p-jy≥- a-\- n-em-t°-≠X-v?- Sm\p≈- Im-c-Ww?- a-cp-`q-an-bn-eq-sS- I-\-Ø- `-m-cw- h-ln-®p-sIm-≠v-
11 12
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

P-ehpw- B-lm-c-hpw- Iq-Sm-sX- Zo¿-L-Zq-c-w- bm-{X-sN-øm≥- I-gn-bp- bw- C-cp-]-Øn-\m-ev- aWn-°q--dn¬- H-cp- {]m-h-iyw- {`-a-Ww- sN-øp-∂-
∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv- H-´I - s
- Ø- C-ßs\- hn-fn-°p-∂X - v.- A™q-dv- Intem- Xn-\m¬- cm-hpw- ]-I-ep-ap-≠m-hp-∂p.- `p-an- kq-cy-\v- Np-‰pw- Zo¿-L-hr-
{Km-an-te-sd- `m-cw- h-ln-®p-sIm-≠v- a-cp-`q-an-bn-eq-sS- a-Wn-°q-dn¬- ]Xn- Øm-Im-c-am-b- {`-a-W-]-Y-Øn¬- i-cm-i-cn- 365.-2564 Zn-h-k-Øn-sem-
aq-∂v- ap-X¬- ]-Xn-\m-dv- h-sc- In-tem-ao-‰¿- th-K-X-bn¬- Zo¿-L-Zq-cw- cn-°¬- Np-‰p-∂p.- kz-bw- {`-a-Ww- \-S-°p-∂-Xv- 23 Un-{Kn- sN-cn-™-
k-©c - n-°m-≥- A-d_ - n- H-´I - ß- ƒ-°v- I-gn-bpw.- C-hb - p-sS- \o-≠- Imep- \n-e-bn-em-Wv.- Cu- sN-cn-hn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- `q-an-bn-se- E-Xp-t`Z-
Iƒ-°v- `m-c-ta-dn-b- i-co-c-sØ- Xm-ßm-\p-≈- I-cp-Øp-≠v.- Hm-tcm- ß-fp-≠m-Ip-am-b-n-cp-∂n-√.-
Im-en-ep-ap-≈- c-≠v- hn-c-ep-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-eq-sS- ar-Z-p-hm-b- amw-k-]n-Wv- `u-am-¥-co-£w- A-Xn-∂v- H-cp- ta¬-°q-c- ]-Wn-bp-I-bm-Wv-
U-߃- A-Xn-s≥-d- ]m-Zs - Ø- a-We - n¬- ]p-X™- p-t]m-Im-sX- kq£n- sNøp-∂-Xv.- kq-cy-\n¬-\n-∂v- h-cp-∂- am-c-I-ß-fm-b- Aƒ-{Sm-h-b-e‰v-
°p-∂p.- Im¬-ap-´p-I-fn-epw- D-c- n-\-Sn-bn-epw- Im-Wp-∂- I-´n-bp-≈- c-iav- n-Is - f- X-S™
- p-\n¿-Øp-Ib - pw- \n¿-tZm-jn-If - pw- `q-an-bn¬- Poh≥-
N¿--am-h-c-Ww- H-´-Iw- ap-´p-Ip-Øn-°n-S-°p-tºmƒ- A-Xn-s≥-d- i-co-c- \n-e-\n¬-°m≥- A-\n-hm-cy-hp-am-b- c-iv-an-I-sf- I-S-Øn-hn-Sp-I-bpw-
`m-K-߃-°v- £-X-ta¬-°m-Xn-cn-°m-≥- k-lm-bn-°p-∂p.- \-√- Im-gv- sN-øp-∂- Hm-tkm¨- ]mfn-bn√-m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- `q-an-bn¬- Po-h\v-
N-i-Iv-Xn-bp-≈- H-´-I-Øn-s≥-d- I-Æp-Iƒ-°p-≈- \o-≠- ]p-cn-I-ß- \n-e-\n¬-]p-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- `q-an-bn-te-°v- ]-Xn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-
tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b- h-en-b- I¨-t]m-f-Iƒ- D-{K-am-b- kq-cy-In-c-W-ß-fn¬- °p∂- D¬-°-I-sf- L¿-j-Ww-aq-ew- I-cn-®-p-I-f-™p- \-in-∏n-°p-∂-
\n-∂pw- a-W¬-°m-‰p-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- I-Æp-I-sf- c-£n-°p-∂p.- H-∂-c- A-¥c - o-£w- - `q-an-bp-sS- ta¬-°q-cb - s- √-¶n¬- as‰-¥m-Wv?- A-¥c - o£-
In-tem-ao-‰-tdm-fw- Zq-c-Øp-≈- P-ew- a-W-Ø-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bp-∂- H-´-I- hm-bp-hn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- ]-I¬- k-ab - Ø
- v- `q-an-bn-se- P-ew- Xnf-
߃-°v- a-W¬-°m-‰-Sn-°p-tºmƒ- a-W¬-Ø-cn-Iƒ- aq-°n¬- I-S-∂p- ®p-a-dn-bp-I-bpw- cm-{Xn- k-a-b-Øv- X-Wp-Øv- I-´nbm-hp-I-bpw- sN-øp-
Iq-Sm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-bn- C-jvS- m-\p-kc - W
- w- \m-km-c\ - v{- [-ßs - f- A-Sb
- v°
- m- am-bn-cp-∂p.- Xm-]-\n-e- \n-b-{¥n-®v- `q-an-bn-se- io-tXm-jv-Wm-h-kv-Y-
\pw- Xp-d-°m-\pw- I-gn-bpw.- H-´-I-Øn-s≥-d- B-lm-c-ß-fm-b- acp-`q-an- sb- {I-a-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬- {]-[m-\- ]-¶p-≈- Im¿-_¨- ssU- Hm-Iv-
bn-se- an-°- sN-Sn-If - n-epw- ap-≈p-If - p-≈X
- n-\m-¬- Np-≠p-Iƒ-°v- £X- ssk-Un-s≥-d- k-¥p-e\ - w- \n-e\ - n¿-Øs - ∏-Sp-∂X- v- P-¥p-°f - p-sS- DOzm-
ta¬-°m-Xn-cn-°m-\m-bn- A-Xn-s≥-d- ta¬-®p-≠v- c-≠m-bn- ]n-f¿-∂n- k-hm-bp-hn-ep-≈- Im¿-_¨ - -- ssU- Hm-Ivs - sk-Un-eq-sS-bm-Wv.- Hmtcm-
cn-°p-∂p.- H-´-I-Øn-s≥-d- ap-Xp-In-se- ]q-™-bm-Wv- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- h¿-j-hpw- i-cm-i-cn- 500 _n-ey¨- S¨- Im¿-_¨- ssU- Hm-Iv
A-Xv`- p-Xw.- h-c≠
- - a-We - m-cW- y-Øn-eq-sS- A¬-]w-t]m-epw- P-e] - m\w- sskUv- h-en-s®-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v,- k-ky-߃.- P-¥p-°-fp-sS- D-Ozm-k-
Iq-Sm-sX- Zn-h-k-ß-tfm-fw- k-©-cn-°m≥- H-´-I-Øn-\v- I-gn-hv- \¬Ip- hmb-ph - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- sh-dpw- aq-∂p-h¿-jw-sIm-≠v- `q-an-bnse
∂-Xv- Cu- ]q-™-bm-Wv.- Im¿-_¨- Utbm-Iv-ssk-Uv- Xo¿-∂p-t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.- A-ßs\-
Po-hn-Iƒ- A-h-bp-sS- Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ-°-\p-tbm-Py-am-b- co-Xn `q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- A-km-[-y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
bn¬- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´-Xn-\v- ]n-∂n¬- k¿-K-[\-\m-b- H-cp- {k-jv-Sm-hn
s≥-d- I-c-hn-cp-tXm- A-\v-[-am-b- bm-Zr-iv-Nn-I-X-bp-sS- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß \-Ωp-sS- {]-]-©w--
tfm- F-¥m-Wv- bp-Iv-Xn-t_m-[-ap-≈-h¿-°v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xv?- ku-cb- q-YØ - n-se- Du¿-PØ - n-s≥-d- D-dh
- n-Sa
- m-b- kq-cy≥- as‰m-
cXv`- - p-Xa
- m-Wv.- `q-an-bp-tS-Xn- s
- ≥-d- ap-∏Ø
- n-aq-∂v- e-£w- C-c´- n-`m-ca
- p≈-
\mw- Po-hn-°p-∂- `q-an- kq-cy-\n-se- _m-ly-`m-K-sØ- Du-jv-am-hv- 60000 c ap-X¬- 100000000 c
\mw- Po-hn-°p-∂- `q-an-bn-te-°-v t\m-°p-I.- ku-c-bq-Y-Øn-se- h-sc-bm-Wv.- kq-cy-\pw- kz-bw- {`-a-Ww- sN-øp-I-bpw- Km-e-Iv-kn-bpsS-
H-cw-Ka
- m-b- `q-an-sb- Po-h≥- kr-jvS- n-°m-≥- kPvP
- a
- m-°s
- ∏-´- H-cp- sXm- tI-{µ-Øn-\v- Np-‰pw- ]-cn-{I-a-Ww- \-S-Øp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- kq-cy-
´n-em-bn-´m-Wv- Nn-¥n-°p-∂-h¿-s°-√mw- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-I.- `qan- kz- s≥-d- Xm-]w- 13 i-X-am-\-w- Ip-d-™m¬- `q-an- a-™p-]p-X-∏n-\m¬- aq-S-
13 14
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

s∏-Sp-Ib - pw- 30 i-Xa- m-\w- Iq-Sn-bm¬- C-hn-sS-bp-≈- F-√m- Po-hn-Ifpw- C-Xv- km-[m-c-W-°m¿- ap-X¬- im-kv-{X-Pv-R≥-h-sc-bp-≈-h-cp-
\-in-°p-I-bpw- sN-øpw.- `q-an-bn-se- H-cp-hn-[-sa-√m- {]-Xn-`m-k-߃- sS- X-Xz-im-kv{- X-am-Wv.- km-[m-cW - ° - m-c≥- th-en-tb-‰Ø - n-epw- then-
°p-ap-≈- Im-c-Ww- kq-cy-\m-Wv.- kq-cy-\n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- a-™v- bn-d-°-Øn-epw- a-lm-\m-b- {k-jv-S-m-hn-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xzw- I-s≠-Øp-
D-cp-Ip-I-bn-√.- \-Zn- H-gp-Ip-I-bn-√.- ta-L-߃- D-≠m-hp-I-bn-√,- Im-‰- tºmƒ- im-kv-{X-Pv-R¿- Cu- {]-Xn-`m-k-߃-°p-Im-c-W-am-b- Kp-cp-
Sn-°p-I-bn-√,- ]q-°ƒ- hn-S-cp-I-bn-√,- a-g- s]-øp-I-bn-√, Po-h≥-- \n-e Xzm-I¿-jW - Ø- n-\v- \n-Zm-\a- m-b- kvY - e- I
- m-e- ss\-c¥- c - y-ßf - p-sS- \ne-
\n¬-°p-I-bn-√.- \n¬-∏n¬- A-P-ø-\m-b- k¿-∆-i-Iv-X-s≥-d- ssh-`-hw- I-s≠-Øp-∂p-
kq-cy≥- £o-c-]-Y-sa-∂- (Milky way) Xm-c-I-hyq-l (Galaxy) sh-∂p-am-{Xw.- c-≠pw- ^-eØ - n¬- H-∂p-Xs - ∂.- im-kv{- Xw- F-{X- Xs∂-
Øn-se- H-cw-Kw- am-{X-am-Wv.- £o-c-]-Y-Øn¬- kq-cy-s\-°mƒ- sN-dp ]p-tcm-K-an-®m-epw- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s‚- A-kv-Xn-Xz-sØ- \n-tj-[n-°p-hm≥-
Xpw- h-ep-Xp-am-b- ]-Xn-\ø - m-bn-cw- tIm-Sn-tbm-fw- \-£{- X-߃- I-s≠- B¿-°pw- km-[y-a√ - .- am-{X-hp-a√- ,- im-k{v- X-Øn-s≥-d- ]p-tcm-KX - n- AXp-
Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- Cu- Xm-c-I-hyq-l-Øn-s≥-d- H-c-‰-Øp-\n-∂v- a-t‰- A-‰- ey-\m-b- H-cp- c-£n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- I-ch - n-cp-Xv- Cu- {]-]©- Ø - n-s≥-d- \ne-
Øn-te-°p-≈- Zq-cw- 1,-20,-0000 {]-Im-i-h¿-j-am-Wv.- C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈- \n¬-]n-s‚- ]n-∂n-ep-s≠-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-øp-∂-Xv.-
]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- tIm-Sn-bn-e[ - n-Iw- Xm-cI
- h
- yq-lß- s - f- C-Xn-\I
- w- I-s≠- C-Xv- a-\p-jy-Pn-PR v- m-kb - p-sS- {]-Ya - t- Nm-Zy-Øn-\p-≈- ]q¿Wam
Øn-°-gn-™n-´p-≠v.- C-h-sb-√mw- A-\p-\n-an-jw- A-I-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn- b- D-Øc - a
- m-Ip-∂n-√.- Cu- {]-]© - Ø - n-s‚- kr-jvS- n-°pw- kvY - n-Xn°pw-
°p-Ib - m-Wv.- {]-]©
- w- hn-Ik - n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂¿-∞w.- Cu- ]n-∂n¬- H-cp- a-l-Øm-b- i-Iv-Xn-bp-s≠-∂v- am-{Xta- {]m-]-©n-I-
X-Xz-{]-Im-cw- B-[p-\n-I- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- ]-d-bp-∂Xv,- \-ap-°v- H-cn- hkvXp-X-I-sf-°p-dn-®- ]-T-\-Øn¬-\n-∂v- \mw- a-\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈q-
°epw- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bm-Ø,- {]-Im-i-th-K-Øn¬- A-I-∂p-sIm-≠n- B i-Iv-Xn- B-cm-Wv?- A-Xn-s≥-d- kz-`m-h- k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ- Fs¥m
cn-°p-∂- \-£-{X-hyq-l-ß-fp-≠m-hm≥- km-[y-Xb-p-s≠-∂m-Wv.- C- s°-bm-Wv?- A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®v- a-\  - n-em-°m≥- \mw- F-¥p-sN-øW - w?-
Xv- i-cn-bm-sW-¶n¬,- `u-Xn-I- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- X-s∂- ]-e- `m-K-ß- Xp-Sßn-b- {]-iv-\-߃- C-\n-bpw- A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p.-
fpw- a-\p-jy≥- F-{X- ]p-tcm-K-an-®m-epw- A-h-∂v- A-Pv-Rm-X-am-bn-Ø-
s∂- Xp-S-cpw.- B-cm-[y-s\-°p-dn-®- A-t\z-j-Ww-
c-≠m-a-Xm-bp-≈- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- A-t\z-j-Ww- X-s≥-d- B-cm-[y-
{kjv-Sm-hn-s\- A-dn-bp-I-
s\-°p-dn-®m-Wv.- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s\-°p-dn-®- A-t\z-j-Ww- t]m-se-X-s∂-
`q-an-sb- Po-h∂ - \ - p-tbm-Py-am-b- co-Xn-bn¬- kw-hn-[m-\n-®X - n\pw- a-\p-jy-m-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- {]-h-W-X-bm-Wv- B-cm-
\-£{- X-ßf - p-sS- kr-jS-v n-°pw- kw-hn-[m-\Ø - n-\p-sa-√mw- ]n-∂n¬- AXp- [y-s\-°p-dn-®- A-t\z-j-W-hpw.- c-≠p-X-cw- hn-Im-c-ß-fn¬- \n-∂mWv-
ey-\m-b- H-cp- {k-jvS- m-hn-s≥-d- i-IvX - n- hn-ti-jß - t- fm- A-X√ - - bm-Zr-iv- Cu- A-t\z-j-Ww- D-Xv-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv-;- Ir-X-Pv-R-X-bp-sS-bpw- _-e-lo-
Nn-IX - t- bm-,- F-¥m-Wv- Nn-¥n-°p-∂h - ¿-°v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp∂-Xv?- \-X-bp-sS-bpw- hn-Im-c-ß-fn¬- \n-∂v.-
D-Øc - w- hy-IvX- a
- m-Wv.- D-Øc - h - m-Zn-Øt-- _m-[a - p-≈- H-cp- \m-bI - -
s≥-d- A-`m-hØ - n¬- H-cp- Ip-Spw-_Ø - n\v- \n-e\ - n¬-°m-\m-hn-s√¶n¬- B-Z-c-hn-s≥-d- hn-Im-cw-
i-IvX
- a - m-b- H-cp- `-cW- - kw-hn-[m-\a - n-√m-sX- H-cp- cm-Py-Øn-\pw- ]ptcm- Cu- `q-an-bn¬- Po-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- a-\p-jy≥- X-\n-°v-
K-Xn- t\-Sm-\m-hn-s√-¶n¬- A-Pø - \ - pw- k¿-hi - I - vX
- \
- p-am-b- H-cp- {kjv- A-]m-c-am-b- A-\p-{K-l-߃- \¬-In-b- H-cp- a-lm-i-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- Akv-
Sm-hn-s‚- B-kq-{X-Ww- Iq-Sm-sX- Cu- {]-]© - w- kz-bw- D-≠m-hm-t\m- Xn-Xzw- A-\p-`h
- n-®d- n-bp-∂p.- a-\p-jy-\v- Po-hn-°m-\m-hi
- y-am-b- hmbp-
\n-e\- n¬-°m-t\m- km-[y-Xb - n-√;- - km-[y-hp-a√ - .- hpw- sh-≈-hpw- btY-jv-Sw- k-Pv-Po-I-cn-®p-sh-®- i-Iv-Xn-tbmS-v- A-
15 16
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

h\v- B-Zc - h- v- tXm-∂p-∂p.- N-{µ-\n-te-°v- t]m-b- _-ln-cm-Im-i- k©m- fp-sa-√mw- A-X-Xn-s≥d- kv-Ym-\-ß-fn¬-X-s∂-bm-Wv- A-Xn-s\- krjv-
cn-Iƒ- G-Xm-\pw- \n-an-j- t\-c-tØ-°v- iz-kn-°p-hm-\m-bn- e-£-°- Sn-®-h≥- {]-Xn-jv-Tn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- am-{X-a-√,- a-s‰-m-cp-Po-hn-°pw- \¬-
W-°n-\v- cq-]-bp-sS- k-Pv-Po-I-c-W-ß-fm-Wv- Iq-sS- sIm-≠p-t]mb--sX- I-s∏-Sm-Ø- hn-kv-a-b-I-c-am-b- am-\-kn-I- I-gn-hp-I-fpw- \¬-I-s∏-´n-cn-
∂-dn-bp-I- Iq-Sn- sN-øp-tºmƒ- Cu- B-Zc - h - v- h¿-[n-°p-Ib - m-Wv- sNøp- °p-∂p- a-\p-jy-\v.- Cu- I-gn-hp-I-fm-Wv- A-h-t\-°mƒ- i-Iv-Xn-bp≈-
∂-Xv.- C-jvS- s - ∏-´- `-£W - ] - Z- m¿-∞ß - ƒ - - X-\n-°v- I-sø-Øm-hp-∂- Zqc- knw-l-sØ-bpw- th-K-X-bp-≈- No-‰∏p-en-sb-bpw- h-en-∏-ap-≈- B-\
Øv- H-cp-°n-sh-®n-´p-≈- a-lm-i-Iv-Xn-tbm-Sv- a-\p-jy-\v- \-µn- tXm-∂pI- sb-bpw- \n-b-{¥n-°m≥- A-h-\v- i-Iv-Xn- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.-
kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- Cu- I-gn-hp-I-sfm-∂pw- a\p-jy≥- kz-bw- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-Ø-X√;-
`-£-W-]Zm¿-∞߃- tX-Sn- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn-te-t°m- D-]-{K-l- \-¬-I-s∏-´-Xm-Wv.- kp-µ-c-am-b- H-cp- i-co-c-hpw- tem-I-sØ- sNm¬-
ß-fn-te-t°m- t]m-tI-≠-Xn-√- a\p-jy-\v.- A-h-sb-√mw- A-h-s≥-d- ∏Sn-°p- \n¿-Øm≥- t]m-∂- _u-≤n-I- I-gn-hp-I-fpw- \¬-In-b- i-Iv
Np-‰p-]m-Sp-ap-≠v.- A-h\ - v- B-hi - y-ap-≈- co-Xn-bn¬,- A-h\ - v- C-jvS- s - ∏´- Xn-tbm-Sv- `-Iv-Xn-bpw- B-Z-c-hpw- tXm-∂p-I- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.-
k-zm-Zp-I-fn¬.-
H-tc- Np-‰p-]m--Sp-If - n¬- H-tc- h-fw- h-en-®p-≠m-hp-∂- k-ky-߃- \n- -lm-b-X-bp-sS- hn-Im-cw-
X-s∂- a\p-jy-ic - o-cØ-n\ - m- h- i
- y-am-b- hy-Xy-kvX - - Po-hI - ß - f - S- ß
- nb- X-s≥-d- Np-‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn-te-°v- t\m-°p-∂- a-\p-jy≥- a-\- n-em-
^-e-ß-fp¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p.- X-°m-fn-bp-sS-bpw- \m-c-ß-bp-sS-bpw- °p-∂- H-cp- bm-Ym¿-∞y-ap-≠v.- A-h≥- Cu- tem-I-Øv- A-tß-b-‰w-
B∏n-fn-s≥-db - pw- ap-¥n-cn-ßb - p-sS-bpw- A-ßs - \- hy-Xy-kvX - - ^-eß- A-i-Iv-X-\pw- A-h-i-\pw- \n- -lm-b-\p-am-sW-∂- h-kv-Xp-X-bm-W-Xv.-
fp-sS-bpw- h-f-ß-fn¬- A-h-bn-ep-≈- amw-ky-tam- Po-h-I-ßtfm- C√.- X-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xz-sØ- \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂- i-Iv-Xn-I-sfm-∂pw- X-s≥-d-
A-h- h-en-s®-Sp-°p-∂- P-e-Øn¬- \m-c-ß-bp-sS- A-æ-X-tbm- X-°m- h-cp-Xn-bn-es - √-∂pw- A-hs - b-sbm-∂pw- X-\n-°v- \n-b{- ¥n-°m≥- km[y-
fn-bp-sS- Np-a-t∏m- B∏-n-fn-s≥-d- a-[p-cn-a-tbm- C-√.- ]-s£,- Cu- sNSn- a-s√-∂p-ad- n-bp-∂- a\-pj - y≥- Xm-≥- F--{X-am- {- Xw- \n- l- m-b\ - m-sW∂v-
I-fp-sS- ^-e-ß-fn¬- C-h-sb-√m-ap-≠m-°n-sh-®n-´p-≠v.- C-ß-s\- a\p- a-\- n-em-°p-∂p.-
jy-\v- \n-e\ - n¬-°m\p-≈-- kw-hn-[m-\s - am-cp-°n-b- i-IX v- n-tbm-Sv- Ah\v- `q-an-bp-sS- kz-bw- {`-a-W-Øn-s≥-d- tXm-Xv- H-c¬-]w- hy-Xym-k-
`-IvX
- n-bp-≠m-hp-I- kzm-`m-hn-Ia - t- √?- bm-sXm-∂p-an-√m-sX- P-\n-°p∂- s∏-´m¬- a-\p-jy-s\-∂-√- H-cp- Po-h-Pm-e-hpw- C-hn-sS- \n-e-\n¬-°p-
a-\p-jy-\v- B-h-iy-am-b-sX-√mw- X-s≥-d- Np-‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬- H-cp-°n-sh- I-bn-√.- kq-cy-Xm-]w- F-√m-bn-S-Øpw- Nn-X-dn-ho-gp-∂- cq-]-Øn-e-√m-
®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv- B-cm-bn-cp-∂m-epw- B- A-\p-{K-l-Zm-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- am\y- bn-cp-∂p- `q-an-bp-sS- kz-bw-{`-aW - s - a-¶n¬- ]-I¬- Po-hP - m-eß
- s - f-√mw-
X-bp-≈- B¿-°pw- Ir-X-Pv-R-X-bp-≠m-hp-I- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- sh-¥p-cp-Ip-I-bpw- cm-{Xn- X-Wp-Øv- a-c-hn-°p-I-bpw- sNbv-tXs\.-
kz-¥w- i-co-c-Øn-te-°v- t\m-°p-∂- a-\p-jy-\n¬- Cu- B-Z- `q-an-bp-sS- N-cn-hv- 23 Un-{Kn-bn¬-\n-∂pw- A¬-]w- hy-Xym-k-s∏-´n-cp-
chv- h¿-≤n-°p-Ib - m-Wv- sN-øp-∂X - v.- \n-kX v- p-ea - m-b- H-cp- i-co-cw- e`n®n- ∂p-sh-¶n¬- k-ky-Pm-eß - f- p-sS- \n-e\- n¬-]n-\v- A-\n-hm-cy-am-b- EXp-
cn-°p-∂p- a-\p-jy-\v.- a-\p-jy-i-co-cw- Cu- cq-]-Øn-em-Im-≥- ]m-Sn-√m- t`-Zß- ƒ- D-≠m-hp-Ib - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-¥c - o-£Ø - n-s≥-d- Hm-tkm¨-
bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- ]-d-bp-I- t]m-bn-´v,- C-∂- A-h-b-hw- sh-®- kv-Ym-\w- ]m-fn- \o-°w- sN-ø-s∏-´m¬- `q-an-bn¬- ]n-s∂- H-cp- \n-an-jw- t]m-epw-
i-cn-bm-bn-s√-∂v- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥- t]m-epw- ss[-cy-ap-≈- B-cpw- a-\p-jy-k-aq-lw- \n-e-\n¬-°p-I-bn-√.- `q-an-sbm-∂v- Ip-ep-ßn-bm¬,-
C-∂p-hs - c- D-≠m-bn-´n-√.- a-\p-jy-\v- \¬-Is - ∏-´X - n-epw- D-Øa - a- m-b- Hcp- C-Sn-an-∂-en-s≥-d- i-Iv-X-am-b- {]-l-c-Øn-\v- hn-t[-b-am-bm¬,- k-ap-{Z-
i-co-cs- Ø- hn-`m-h\ - - sN-øm≥-t]m-epw- A-h\ - v- I-gn-bn-√.- I-Æp-Ifpw- sam-∂v- I-c- I-hn-s™m-gp-In-bm¬- F-√mw- X-s≥-d- Po-hn-Xw- A-hkm-
Im-Xp-I-fpw- aq-°pw- hm-bpw- \m-°pw- ]-√p-I-fpw- ssI-I-fpw- Im-ep-I- \n-°p-sa-∂pw- C-h-sb-sbm-∂pw- X-\n-°v- \n-b-{¥n-°m-\m-hn-s√-∂pw-
17 18
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

a-\ - n-em-°p-∂- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- a-\  - n¬- \n- l - m-bX - b - p-sS-bpw- Ah- a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- i-_v-Zw--
i-X-bp-sS-bpw- hn-Im-c-߃- ap-f-s]m-´p-∂p.- C-h-sb- \n-b-{¥n-°m≥- ]-cm-i-Iv-Xn-tbm-Sv- {]m¿-∞n-°m-\p-≈- Xz-c- a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-
Xm≥- A-i-Iv-X-\m-sW-∂-dn-bp-∂- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- I-c-߃- A-h-sb- bpsS- i-_v-Z-am-Wv.- \n-co-iz-c- {]-kv-Ym-\-Øn-s≥-d- h-Iv-Xm-°-sf-∂v-
\n-b-{¥n-°m≥- km-[n-°p-∂- i-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- t\-sc- D-b-cp-I-sb-∂-Xv- A-hIm-is - ∏-Sp-∂h- ¿-t]m-epw- k-µn-Kv≤ - - L-´ß - f - n¬- ssZ-hs - Ø- hn-
kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv.- fn-®p-tX-Sn-b-Xn-\v- N-cn-{Xw- km-£n-\n¬-°p-∂p-≠v.-
Np-‰p-]m-Sp-Is - f- am-{X-a√
- ,- kz-ic - o-cs
- Ø-t∏m-epw- \n-b{- ¥n-°m≥- 1942 B-K-kv-‰-n¬,- c-≠mw-tem-I- a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-k-
Xm≥- A-i-Iv-X-\m-sW-∂-dn-bp-∂- a-\p-jy≥- H-cp- i-c-W-Øn-\pw- c-Øn¬- ln-‰v-e¿-s°-Xn-sc- k-Jy-I-£n-Iƒ- \-S-∏m-°m-\p-t±-in-®-
Ahew-_-Øn-\pw- th-≠n- B-{K-ln-°p-∂p.- a-\p-jy-a-kv-Xn-jv-I-Øn- tSm¿-®v- c-l-ky-tk-\- ]-≤-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®- N¿-®-bv-°n-S-bn¬- A-∂-
te-°p-≈- c-IvX - {- ]-hm-lw- G-Xm-\pw- \n-an-jß - ƒ- X-Sb - s- ∏-´m¬- a\p- sØ- I-ayq-Wn-kv-‰v- d-j-y-bp-sS- ]-c-tam-∂-X-\m-b- `-c-Wm-[n-]≥-
jy-s\-∂- \n-e-°p-≈- A-h-s≥-d- F-√m- I-gn-hp-I-fpw- \-jv-S-s∏-Spw.- tPmk^v- kv-‰m-en≥- {_n-´o-jv- {]-[m-\-a-{¥-n- hn≥-kv-‰¨- N¿-®n-en-
lr-Zb - w- A¬-]t- \-ct- Ø-°v- ]-Wn-ap-S° - n-bm¬- a-\p-jy-s≥-d- izmkw- t\m-Sv- ""ssZ-hw- Cu- ]-≤-Xn- hn-P-bn-∏n-°-s´''-sb-∂v- B-iw-kn-®p.-
\n-eb - °v- pw.- i-co- c
- Ø- n-se- G-sX-¶n-ep-sam-cp- hy-hk - Yv- ° - v- sN-dnsbm- Cu- kw-`h - w- hy-IvX
- a
- m-°p-∂X - v- ]-ct- am-∂X - - i-IvX
- n-tbm-Sp≈-
cp- X-I-cm-dp-h-∂m-¬- i-co-c-kw-hn-[m-\-ß-fm-sI- Xm-fw- sX-‰pw.- B-cm-[-\m- at\m-`m-hw- a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- i-_v-Z-am-sW-∂pw,-
C-Xd- n-bp-∂- a-\p-jy≥- C-hs - b-√mw- \n-b{- ¥n-°p-∂X - v- G-sXmcp- Nn¥m-]-c-am-b- Im-]-Sy-Øn-s≥-d- Xn-c-»o-e-°Sn-bn¬- H-fn-∏n-®p-sh-
i-IvX- n-bm-sW-∂v- A-t\z-jn-°p-Ib - pw- B- i-IvX- n-tbm-Sv- i-cW - w- hnfn- °m≥- F-{X-X-s∂- {i-an-®m-epw- k-∂n-Kv-≤- L-´-ß-fn¬- A-Xv- a-d-
\-S-Øm≥- {]-tNm-Zn-X-\m-hp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- B- \n-b-{¥-I- i-Iv-Xn- \o°n- ]p-d-Øp-h-cp-sa-∂p-am-Wv.- C-sXm-cp- H-‰-s∏-´- kw-`-h-a-√.- H-´-\-
sb-°p-dn-®v- I-q-Sp-X¬- A-dn-bm-\pw- A-h-s\- Xr-]v-Xn-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw- h-[n- kw-`-h-ß-fn¬- H-∂p-am-{Xw.- B-cm-[y-s\-°p-dn-®- A-t\z-jWw-
a\p-jy≥- B-{K-ln-°p-∂p.- a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- ss\-k¿-§n-Ia - m-b- hn-Im-ca - m-sW-∂X - n-\v- Gsd-
sX-fn-hp-I-fm-h-iy-ap-s≠-∂v- tXm-∂p-∂n-√.-
-F-¥m-Wv- B-cm-[-\?- C-hn-sS-bpw- \mw- c-≠m-as - Ø- A-t\z-jW - Ø- n-s≥-d- A-¥yØn-
X-\n-°v- Np-‰p-ap-≈,- X-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xz-sØ- \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂- se-Øn-bn-´-n-√.- H-cp- B-cm-[y-s\- a-\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn- tX-Sp-∂p-sh-∂p
i-Iv-Xn-I-sftbm- X-s∂-t∏m-ep-tam- \n-b-{¥n-°m≥- X-\n-°m-hp-I-bn- am-{X-am-Wv- \mw- a-\- n-em-°n-b-Xv.- B-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww- B-cm-[y≥?-
s√-∂v- a-\ - n-em-°p-∂- a-\p-jy≥- A-hs - b- \n-b{- ¥n-°m≥- I-gn-bp∂- F-ß-s\-bm-W-h-s\- B-cm-[n-t°-≠-Xv?- A-Xn-s\- B-cm-[n-®-Xp-
i-Iv-Xn-tbm-Sv- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw- i-c-Ww- hn-fn-°p-∂p.- Cu- i-c-Ww- sIm≠p-≠m-hp-∂- t\-´-ß-sf-¥m-Wv?- Cu- {]-iv-\-߃- C-\n-bp-a-h
hn-fn-bm-Wv- B-cm-[-\.- X-\n-°v- H-∂n-\p-am-hn-s√-∂v- a-\- n-em-°p-∂- ti-jn-°p-∂p.-
a-\p-jy-s≥-d- a-\- n¬- \n-∂v- D-b-cp-∂,- F-√m-‰n-\pw- I-gn-bp-∂- i-Iv
Xn-tbm-Sp-≈- {]m¿-∞-\-bm-Wv- B-cm-[-\-sIm-≠v- hn-h-£n-°-s∏-
Sp∂Xv.- ]-≈n-I-fn-tem- N¿-®p-I-fn-tem- A-º-e-ß-fn-tem- sh-®p-\-S-
°p-∂- B-Nm-c-{]-[m-\-am-b- B-cm-[-\-Iƒ- am-{X-a-√,- {]-Xyp-X- Po-hn- -kz-¥-sØ-°p-dn-®- A-t\z-j-Ww-
X-Øn-s≥-d- G-Xp-cw-K-Øpw- X-s‚- \n- -lm-b-X- A-\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp- a-\pjy-s≥-d- aq-∂m-a-sØ- A-t\z-j-Ww- kz-¥-sØ-°p-dn-
tºmƒ- a-\p-jy- a-\- p-I-ƒ-°p-≈n¬- \n-∂p-b-cp-∂- tX-´w-Iq-Sn- ®mWv.- Xm≥- F-hn-sS- \n-∂m-Wv- h-∂s
- X-∂pw- F-hn-tS-°m-Wv- t]mIp-
Bcm[-\- sIm-≠v- C-hn-sS- hn-h-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- ∂-sX-∂p-a-dn-bm≥- A-h≥- B-{K-ln-°p-∂p.- a-‰v- ar-K-ß-fn¬ -\n-∂v-
19 20
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

hy-Xy-kX v- a - m-bn- k-aq-lØ - n-s≥-d- \n-e\ - n¬-]n-\p-th-≠n- {]-tXy-Ia - mb- tem-I-Øn-ep-≈-sX-∂v- a-\- n-em-°p-∂- a-\p-jy≥- A-h- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-
Nn-e- \n-ba - ß - ƒ- Xm≥- A-\p- k - c
- n-t°-≠X - p-s≠-∂d- n-bp-∂- a-\p-jy≥- °m≥- I-gn-bp-tam-sb-∂t- \z-jn-°p-∂p.- Cu- {]-]© - Ø- n-s≥-d- kwhn-
A-h- A-\p-kc - n-°m-sX- Xn-I®- pw- ar-Ko-ba - m-b- k¿-hX- {- ¥- kzm-X{¥yw- [m-\w- X-s∂- Xs‚- C-Nv-O-Iƒ- ap-gp-h≥- k-^-eo-Ir-X-am-°-Ø-°-
A-\p-`h- n-®m-se-s¥-∂v- kz-bw- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p.- X-\n-°p-≈- B-{K-lm- co-Xn-bn-ep-≈X
- s
- √-∂d-- n-bp-∂- A-h≥- Cu- {]m-]© - n-I- Po-hn-XØ
- n¬-
`n-em-jß- f - pw- hn-Im-cß
- f- pw- Cu- tem-IØ - n-se- ]-cn-an-Xa
- m-b- PohnX- \n-∂pw- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b- H-cp- Po-hn-X-Øn-\v- th-≠n- B-{K-ln-°p-∂p.-
Øn-\p-≈n¬-sh-®v- i-an-∏n-°m≥- I-gn-bn-s√-∂d- n-bp-∂- a-\p-jy≥- Ah-
t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥- I-gn-bp-∂- H-cp- Po-hn-XØ - n-\p-th-≠n- Imw-£n-°p∂p.- -\-∑-bpw- Xn-∑-bpw-
\-∑- sN-øm≥- a-\p-jy-\n¬- P-∑\ - m-Xs- ∂- H-cp- - hm-k\- b- p≠v.-
-a-\p-jy-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xzw- Xn-∑-tbm-Sv- A-h-\v- sh-dp-∏m-Wv.- ]-t£,- F-¥m-Wv- \-∑-sb-∂pw-
Cu- {]-]-©-Øn-te-°v- I-tÆm-Sn-°p-∂- \mw- a-\p-jy-\v- Xp-ey F¥mWv- Xn-∑s - b-∂pw- h-yI - X
v- a- m-bn- \n¿-hN- n-°m≥- a-\p-jy-\v- km[n-
amsbm-c-kv-Xn-Xz-sØ- F-hn-sS-bpw- Im-Wp-∂n-√.- {]-]-©-Øn-se- ]c- °p-∂n-√.- A-h≥- Xn-∑-bm-sW-∂v- a-\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈- Im-cy-߃-
tam-∂-X- kr-jv-Sn- a-\p-jy-\m-Wv.- tIm-Sm-\p-tIm-Sn- kw-h-Xv-k-c-ß-fm- sN-øp-∂- hy-IvX - n-If
- n¬- ]-ec - pw- C-lt- em-IØ - v- k-pJ
- k - u-Ic- y-߃-
bp-≈- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- ]-cn-Wm-a-Øn\n-S-bn¬- a-\p-jy-s\-∂- ]c- A-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-bpw- \-∑- sN-øp-∂-h-cn¬- ]-e-cpw- I-jv-S-s∏-Sp-
tam¬-Ir-jv-S- kr-jv-Sn- {]-Xy-£o-`-hn-®n-´v- G-Xm-\pw- k-l-{km-_v-Z- ∂-h-cm-bpw- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂p.- \-∑-°pw- Xn-∑-°pw- X-°-Xm-b- {]-Xn-
ß-ƒ- am-{X-ta- B-bn-´p-≈q.- `q-an-bm-I-am-\w- H-∂v- Ip-ep-ßn-bm¬- B- ^e-w- \¬-Im≥- Cu- tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- L-S-\-bv-°v- km-[y-a-s√-∂-dn-
kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS- A-kv-Xn-Xzw- A-h-km-\n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øpw.- \-Ωp-sS- bp-tºmƒ- A-Ø-cw- H-cp- {]Xn-^-e-th-Zn- B-h-iy-am-sW-∂v- A-h-\v-
i-co-cw- G-tX-Xv- `u-Xn-I- L-S-I-߃- tN¿-∂p-≠m-b-Xm-tWm- A-Xn-
tXm-∂p-∂p.- `u-Xn-I- \o-Xn-\ym-b tIm-S-Xn-Iƒ-s°m-∂pw-X-s∂- \∑-
s≥-d-sb-√mw- h-b- v- tIm-Sm-\p-tIm-Sn- sIm-√w- \o-≠p-\n¬-°p-∂p.-
bv-t°m- Xn-∑bv-t°m- hy-Iv-X-am-b- Iq-en- sIm-Sp-°m≥- I-gn-bn-s√-∂-
\mw- D-bn-sc-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-tº- A-h-bn-hn-sS-bp≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-
dn-bp-tºmƒ- {]-Xn-^-e-th-Zn- Cu- Po-hn-X-Øn-em-bn-°q-sS-∂v- A-h≥-
\ΩpsS- a-cW - Ø- n-\p-ti-jh - pw- Ip-sd- h¿-jß - ƒ- A-hb - n-hn-sS- Ah-
h-n-[n-°p-∂p.-
ti-jn-°pw.- F-∂m¬- Cu- {]-]-©-Øn-se- k¿-thm¬-Ir-jv-S-am-b-
A-kX v- n-Xzw- G-Xm-\pw- h¿-jß - ƒ-am-{Xw- Po-hn-°p-∂p.- i-cm-ic - n- Adp- H-cp- {]-Xn-^-e-th-Zn-°p-th-≠n-bp-≈- tX-´-hpw- a-\p-jym-kv-Xn-
]-tXm- F-gp-]-tXm-h-¿-jw-am-{Xw.- C-Xv- a-\p-jy-_p-≤n- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p- Xz-Øn-s≥-d- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-b- {]-h-W-X-bm-Wv.- ]-c-tem-I-sØ-bpw-
∂n-√.- Xm≥- k¿-thm¬-I-r-jv-S- Po-hn-sb-∂v- ]-d-b-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬- a-cW- m-\¥- c - - Po-hn-Xs - Ø-bpw- A-h- Im-Wp-∂n-s√-∂- Im-cW - Ø- m¬-
Cu- Po-hn-XØ - n-\v- ]p-dt- a- a-s‰m-cp- Po-hn-Xw- Iq-Sn- th-Ws
- a-∂v- Ahs‚- am-{Xw- \n-tj-[n-®- ]-e¿-°pw- ]-d-tb-≠-n-h-∂n-´p≈-Xv- "]-c-tem-Iw-
-a-\- v- a-{¥n-°p-∂p.- F-s∂m-∂v- D-s≠-¶n¬- h-fs - c- \-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- ]-t£,- A-Xn-√t- √m......'-
F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.-
-B-{K-l-ß-fp-sS- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-Ww-
Ip-sd- B-{K-l-ß-fp-≈-h-\m-Wv- a-\p-jy≥.- ]-t£,- X-s≥-d- -F-ß-s\- A-dn-bpw?-
Bi-If - {- X-bpw- ]q¿-Øo-Ic
- n-°m≥- Cu- tem-IØ - n-\v- I-gn-bn-s√-∂dn- a-\p-jy-Pn-Pv-Rm-k-bp-sS- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-cm-b- A-t\z-j-W-ß-
bp-∂- A-h≥- \n-cm-i-\m-Ip-∂p.- ]m-a-c-\pw- ]-Wv-Un-X-\pw- ]-W-°m- sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv- \mw- N¿-®- sN-bvX- X
- v.- {k-jvS- m-hn-s\-°p-dn-®pw,-- Bcm-
c-\pw- ]-m-h-s∏-´-h-\p-sam-∂pw- C-Xn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-a-√.- \mw- B-{Kln- [y-s\-°p-dn-®pw- {]-Xn-^-e-\m-fn-s\-°p-dn-®pw- A-h≥- A-t\z-j-Ww-
°p-∂-Xv- ap-gp-h≥- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥-]-‰p-∂- H-cp- kw-hn-[m-\-a-√- Cu- \-S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- Cu- {]-iv-\-߃-°p-≈- hy-Iv-X-am-b-
21 22
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

DØcw- \¬-Im≥- k-z¥ - w- Nn-¥m-iI - vX

- n- Xo-sc- A-]c - ym]vX
- a- m-sW∂v-
A-h≥- a-\- n-em-°p-∂p.-
{k-jv-Sm-hn-s\- kw-_-\v-[n-®- A-t\z-j-Ww- A-h-s≥-d- A-kvXn-
Xz-aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬- am-{X-ta- a-\p-jy-s\- F-Øn-®n-´p-≈q.- B-cm-
[y-s\-°p-dn-®- A-t\z-jW - w- A-hs - ≥-d- A-\n-hm-cy-X- hy-IvX - a - m-°pI-
am-{Xta- sN-bvX- n-´p-≈q.- {]-Xn-^e - t- h-Zn- B-hi - y-am-sW-∂- A-`n-{]mb-
Øn¬- am-{Xta- A-Xn-s\-°p-dn-® A--t\z-j-Ww- F-Øn-®n-´p-≈q.- B-
cv?- F-ß-s\?- F-hn-sS?- Xp-S-ßn-b- kp-{]-[m-\-am-b- ]-e- tNm-Zy
߃°p-ap-≈- D-Ø-c-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-Wv- a-\p-jy≥- B-Zy-Im-ew-
apXte- A-t\z-jn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- N-cn-{Xm-Xo-X-Im-ew- ap-X¬-
X-s∂.-
Cu- tNm-Zy-߃-°p-≈- D-Øc - w- `u-Xn-Ia - m-b- ]-co-£W - - \nco-
£-Wß - f- n¬- \n-∂v- \-ap-°v- e-`y-am-hp-Ib - n-√.- G-sX-¶n-epw- ssat{Im-
kv-tIm-]n¬-sh-®v- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- k-Ø-sb-tbm- sS-kv-‰v-‰yq-_n¬-
sh-®v- B-cm-[y-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xz-sØ-tbm- sS-e-kv-tIm-]n-eq-sS- {]-Xn-
^-e-th-Zn-bp-sS- cq-]-sØ-tbm- Z¿-in-°m≥- I-gn-bn-√.- Im-c-Ww- C-h-
sb-√mw- `u-Xn-I- ]-co-£-W-߃-°-Xo-X-am-sW-∂-Xm-Wv.-
k-I-e- {]-]-©-sØ-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®p- ]-cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-≥-
F∂m-Wv- {k-jSv- m-hv- F-∂p-]d- b - p-tºmƒ- \mw- hn-h£ - n-°p-∂X - v.- {]]-
©-sØ-bpw- ]-Zm¿-∞-sØ-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®- A-h≥- {]-]-©-Øn-\pw-
]-Zm¿-∞-Øn-\p-a-Xo-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂v- \-Ωp-sS- km-am-\y- _p-≤n-
Xs∂- k-a¿-∞n-°p-∂p.- ]-Zm¿-∞-Øn-s≥-d- s]-cp-am-‰- co-Xn-bm-Wv-
a\p-jy-cp-sS- ]-co-£-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- \n-co-£-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- {]-
tabw.- ]-Zm¿-∞m-Xo-X-am-b- H-∂n-s\-°p-dn-®p- k-¶¬-∏n-°m≥-t]m-
epw- kvY-e-Im-e- ss\-c-¥-cy-Øn-s≥-d- _-\v-[-\-Øn-ep-≈- a-\p-jy-
[n-j-W-°v- I-gn-bn-√.- ]t£,- A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- A-kv-Xn-X-z-ap-s≠-∂v-
A-h-s≥-d- a-\- v- A-h-t\m-Sv- a-{¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-t∏mƒ-
]-co-£-W- \n-co-£-W-ß-fn-eq-sS- {k-jv-Sm-hn-s≥-d- k-Ø-sb-tbm-
kz`m-h-sØ-tbm-Ip-dn-®v- A-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bn-√.- B-cm-[y-s\-bpw- {]-
Xn-^-e-\m-fn-s\-bpw- Ip-dn-®- A-t\z-j-W-Øn-s≥-d- A-h-kv-Y-bpw- C-
Xp-Xs- ∂-bmWv.- ]n-s∂- A-hs - b-°p-dn-®d- n-bm-\p-≈- am¿-Ks - a-¥m-Wv?-
A-Xv- {k-jv-Sm-hv- \-ap-°-dn-bn-®p-X-cn-I- X-s∂ th-Ww.- A-X-
23
√m-sX- a-‰v- am¿-K-ß-fn-√.- A-sX-ß-s\- km-[n-°pw?- kv-Y-e-Øn-\pw-
Im-e-Øn-\p-a-Xo-X-\m-b- {k-jv-Sm-hv- kz-bw- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´v- Cu-
Imcy߃- ]-d-™p- X-cm-\m-bn- a-\p-jy¿-°n-S-bn-te-°n-d-ßn-bm¬-
kvY
- e- I
- m-e- _-\v[
- \
- Ø
- n-eI- s
- ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂- a-\p-jy- a-kvX
- n-jvI
- Ø
- n\v-
-A-Xv- Dƒ-s°m-≈m≥- I-gn-bn-√.- {k-jv-Sm-hn¬-\n-∂v- a-t‰-sX-¶n-epw-
h-gn-°v- a-\p-jy¿-°v- Pv-Rm-\w- e-`n-°p-I-tb- \n¿-hm-l-ap-≈q.-
A-ß-s\- h-√- Pv-Rm-\-hp-w- a-\p-jy-\v- h-∂v- In-´n-bn-´p-t≠m?-
{k-jv-Sm-hn-s\-bpw- B-cm-[-y-s\-bpw- {]-Xn-^-e-\m-fn-s\-bpw- Ip-dn-®v-
h-√- t_m-[-\-hpw- am-\-h-cm-in-°v- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p-t≠m?-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cp-sS- k-tµ-iw-
{k- j v - S m- h n- s \- b pw- B- c m- [ y- s \- b pw- {]- X n- ^ - e - t h- Z n- s b-
bpwIpdn®v- \n-c¥ - c - a - m-bn- A-t\z-jW- w- \-SØ - n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂- a\p-
jy¿°v- ap-ºn¬- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´v- H-cp- a-\p-jy≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:-
""\n-߃- A-dn-bm≥- B-{K-ln-°p-∂- h-kv-Xp-X-I-sf-°p-dn-®v-
F-\n-°v- Pv-Rm-\w- \¬-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- Cu- tem-I-sØ- kr-jv-Sn®v-
]cn-]m-en-°p-∂- ssZ-h-am-Wv- F-\n-°v- PvR-m-\w- \¬-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-
Xv.- \n-߃- B-cm-[n-t°-≠-Xv- k¿-h-tem-I- c-£n-Xm-hm-b- B-ssZ-
h-sØ- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- hn-[n- hn-e-°p-Iƒ- A\pk-
cn-®v- Po-hn-°p-I-bm-Wv- a-\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s≥-d- c-£m-am¿Kw.- a-
\p-jy≥- a-c-W-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- A-h-s≥-d- Po-hn-Xw- Ah-km-\n-
°p-∂n-√.- im-iz-X-am-b- H-cp- ]-c-tem-I Po-hn-Xw- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-t∂-
bp-≈q.- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-sS- B-{K-l-ß-fpw- A-`n-em-j-ß-fpw- {]-
Xo-£I - f- pw- k-¶¬-]ß - f - pw- km-£m¬-°c - n-°s
- ∏-Sp-∂X - v- Cu- temI-
Øn¬-sh-®m-bn-cn-°pw.- \-∑-Iƒ-°pw- Xn-∑-Iƒ-°pw- B- thZn-bn¬
-sh-®v- X-°-Xm-b- {]-Xn-^-ew- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-w.- A-Xn-\m¬- ssZ-h-Øn-
s≥-d- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ- A-\p-k-cn-®v- Po-hn-®v- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- im-
iz-X- ku-`m-Kyw- A-\p-`-hn-°p-hm≥- k-Pv-P-cm-hp-I''.-
C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- ap-gp-h≥- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cpw- ]-d-™-Xv.- ssZ-h-Zq-
X-∑m-cp-sS- Cu- h-N-\-߃- bm-Ym¿-∞y-am-tWm?- \mw- A-h-bn¬-
hn-iz-kn-t°-≠-Xp-t≠m?-
24
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

H-cp- Im-cyw- D-d-∏m-Wv.- a-\p-j-y-Pn-Pv-Rm-k-bp-sS- kzm`m-hn-I- kaqlw- \-∂m-Im≥ th-≠n.- A-h¿- im-i-z-X- hn-P-bw- t\-Sp-∂-Xn-\p-
tNm-Zy-߃-°v- C-X√ - m-sX- a-s‰m-cp-Øc - w- \¬-Is- ∏-´n-´n-√.- {kjvS- mhv- th-≠n.- A-h-bn-¬\ -- n-∂v- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m¿-°v- `u-Xn-I-am-bn- H-∂pw- e-
A-dn-bn-®p- X-cn-I-b√m-sX- Cu- {]-iv-\-߃-°p-≈- D-Ø-cw- I-s≠- `n-®n-cp-∂n-√.- am-{X-hp-a-√,- k-aq-l-Øn-se-- ]m-c-º-cy- hn-izm-k߃-
Øm-\m-bn- a-s‰m-cp- am¿-K-hp-an-s√-∂v- \-ap-°-dn-bmw.- F-¶n¬- Cu- s°-Xn-sc-bp-≈- A-hc - p-sS- {]-t_m-[\ - w- \n¿-Øn-bm¬-˛\n¿-Øn-bm¬-
DØ-cw- hm-kv-X-h-am-tWm-sb-∂v- ]-cn-tim-[n-t°-≠- _m-[y-X- \-ap- am-{Xw-˛`u-Xn-Ia - m-b- ]-eh - n-[- t\-´ß- f - pw- A-h¿-°v- hm-KvZ- m-\w- sNø-
s°-√mw- C-t√?- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw!- s∏-´n-cp-∂p.- cm-Py-Øn-s≥-d- A-[n-Im-cw,- kp-µ-cn-I-fm-b- kv-{Xo-Iƒ,-
C-jv-Sw-t]m-se- k-º-Øv-.- C-sX-√mw- Xy-Pn-®v- apƒ-In-co-S-Øn-s≥-d-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cp-sS- hy-Iv-Xn-Xzw-- am¿Kw- sX-cs - ™-Sp-Ø- {]hm-NI - ∑- m¿- kzm¿-∞n-If - m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v-
B-Zy-am-bn- ]-cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xv- \-Ω-tfm-Sn-°m-cyw- ]-d-™- N-cn-{XIm-c-∑m-scm-∂pw-X-s∂- C-∂p-h-sc- ]-d-™n-´n-√.- kz-¥-am-b-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-s≥-d- hy-Iv-Xn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®m-Wv.- A-bmƒ- I-f-hv- ]-d-bp- F-√mw- h-en-s®-dn-™v- k-aq-lØ - n-s≥-d- im-iz-X- hn-Pb - Ø
- n-\p- t- h≠n-
∂-h-\m-tWm?- P-\-h-©-I-\m-tWm?- kzm¿-∞n-bm-tWm?- {]-h¿-Øn-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cp-sS- Po-hn-Xw- ]cn-tim-[n-°-p-∂- G-h¿-°pw- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cm-cpw-X-s∂,- k-aq-l-Øn-se- B-sc-sb-¶n-epw-
t_m[y-s∏-Sp-∂- H-cp- h-kv-Xp-X-bp-≠v.- A-h-sc- F-Xn¿-°p-I-bpw- h©n-®-Xm-bn- N-cn-{Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂n-√.- A-h¿- hm-Kv-Zm-\- ]m-e-Icpw-
\m´n¬-\n-∂v- B-´n-∏p-dØ - m-°p-Ib - pw- sIm-es- ∏-Sp-Øm≥- X-{¥-߃- k-Xyw- ]-d-bp-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- A-h-cp-sS- {]-Ir-Xn- ]-cn-ip-≤-am-
B-hnjv-°-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-X-h¿- X-s∂- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hn-X-Øn- bn-cp-∂p.- F-√m- {]-iv\ - ß- f - n-epw- k-ao-]\ - ß- f
- n-epw- E-Pp- h
- pw- t{ijvT-
s≥-d- ]-cn-ip-≤n-- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂-Xm-W-Xv.- A-h- hpw- kw-i-b-c-ln-X-hp-am-b- am¿-K-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿- kzo-I-cn-®n-
cp-sS-sb-√mw- ap-gp-h≥- Po-hn-Xhpw- kXy-k-\v-[-X,- t{i-jv-T-Nn-¥,- cp∂Xv.- k-aq-l-Øn-\v- km-tcm-]-tZ-i-߃- \¬-Ip-I- am-{X-a-√,- Ah-
k∑m¿-K\ - n-jvT- ,- ]-cn-ip-≤- {]-Ir-Xn,- D¬-Ir-jvS- m-Z¿-iw,- D-b¿-∂- a\p- kz-¥w- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- ]-I¿-Øn-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I- Iq-Sn- sN-bv-
jy-Xzw- F-∂n-h-bv-°v- D-Zm-Ø- am-Xr-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-h-cp-sS- Po-hn- Xn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.-
X-Øn-s≥-d- hn-hn-[- cw-K-ß-fn-se-hn-sS-sb-¶n-epw- H-cp- \yq-\-X- I≠p- Cu- kz-`m-h- ssh-in-j-vSy-ß-sf-√mw-X-s∂,- A-h¿- ]-d-bp-∂Xv-
]n-Sn-°m≥- k-a-Im-en-I-cm-b- {]-Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ-s°m-∂pw- I-gn-™n-´n- A-k-Xy-am-Im≥- km-[y-X-bn-s√-∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-°m≥- t]m-∂-Xm-bn-cp-
s√-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- X-s∂- A-h¿- F-{X-am-{Xw- ]-cn-ip-≤-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh- ∂p.- kz-¥-am-bn- I-≈-tam- h-©-\-tbm- kzm¿-∞-X-tbm- io-en-®n´n--
∂v- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-∂p≠v-.- √m-Ø- H-cmƒ- k-aq-l-Øn¬- Xym-K-߃- k-ln-®v- "]-®-°-≈w'- {]-N
ssZ-hZ- q-X∑ - m-cm-cpw- X-s∂- kzm¿-∞n-If - m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-hc - psS- cn-∏n-°m-\p-≈- km-[-y-X- F-{X-am-{Xw- hn-c-f-am-Wv!-
hm-°p-If - n-tem- {]-h¿-Ø\ - ß
- f - n-tem- H-∂pw- kzm¿-∞X - b
- p-sS- Awiw-
t]m-epw- I-s≠-Øm≥- B¿-°pw- I-gn-™n-cp-∂n-√.- kz-bw- I-jv-S- A-am-\p-jnI-- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-ƒ-
\jv-S-߃- k-ln-®pw- A-\y-cp-sS- t£-ssa-iz-cy-߃-°p- th-≠n- C-Xn-ep-]c
- n- X-߃- {]-hm-NI - ∑ - m-cm-sW-∂X - n-\-v sX-fn-hm-bn- hyIv-
bXv-\n-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.- A-h-cp-sS- {]-t_m-[-\-N-cn-{Xw- X-s∂- X-am-b- A-am-\p-jn-I- Zr-jvS- m-¥ß - f - pw- A-h¿-°v- \¬-Is - ∏-´n-cp-∂p.-
C-Xn-\p-≈- sX-fn-hm-Wv.- k-aq-lØ - n-s≥-d- _p-≤n-]c - h
- pw- ssh-PvR - m-\n-Ih - p-am-b- I-gnhp-Is - f-
{]-hm-NI - ∑ - m¿- I-jSv- \ - j
- Sv- ß
- ƒ- k-ln-®X - pw- \m-´n¬-\n-∂v- HmSn- sh-√p-hn-fn-°p-∂X - m-bn-cp-∂p- {]-kX v- p-X- A-am-\p-jn-I- ZrjvSm-¥ß - ƒ.-
°-s∏-´X - p- w- Iq-´p-Ip-Spw-_m-Zn-If - m¬- Xy-Pn-°s - ∏-´X - pw- ]o-U\ - ß
- ƒ°v- A-hb - v°
- p-ap-∂n¬- k-aq-lw- ap-´p-Ip-Øp-Ib - m-Wp-≠m-bX - v.-
hn-t[-b-am-°-s∏-´-Xp-sa-√mw- F-¥n-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p?- B- tam-si- {]-hm-NI - s- ≥-d,- ssZ-h- I¬-]\ - {- ]-Im-cw- \n-eØ - n-´m¬-
25 26
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

]m-ºm-Ip-∂- h-Sn-°p-ap-∂n¬- A-∂s - Ø- k-Ie - h

- n-[- Pm-eh- n-Zy-°mcpw- a-\p-jy-sc- F-Øn-®p.- C-tXm-sSm-∏w-X-s∂- {]-Ir-Xn- i-Iv-Xn-I-tfmS-p
tXm¬-hn- k-Ω-Xn-®p.- tb-ip- Im-Wn-®- a-cn-®-h-sc- Po-hn-∏n-°p-I- XpS ≈- B-cm-[\ - m- a-t\m-`m-hh - pw- h-f¿
- ∂- p-h∂ - n-cp-∂p.- kq-cy-N{- µ- \£-
ßn-b- A-am-\p-jn-I- Ign-hp-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºn¬- A-∂s - Ø- k-Ie - - NnInXv- {X-ßs - f-bpw- Im-‰v,- C-Sa - n-∂¬,- k-ap-{Zw- F-∂n-hs - b-bpw- a-cß - s - fbpw-
k-I∑- m-cpw- tXm¬-hn- k-ΩX - n-®v- ap´p-aS- °
- n.- C-ßs - \- hn-hn-[- kaql- ar-Kß- s - f-bpw- t]m-epw- B-cm-[n-°p-∂- A-hk - vY- b - p-≠m-bn.- {]-IrXn-
ß-fn-te-°- v- \n-bp-IX
v- c
- m-b- {]-hm-NI - ∑- m¿-°v- k-aq-lØ - n-s≥-d- hf¿®- i-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-s°-√mw- ]n-∂n¬- {]-tXy-Iw- ssZ-h-ß-sf- k-¶¬-]n-®p.-
bv-°-\p-k-cn-®v- ZrjvSm-¥-߃- \¬-I-s∏-´p.- X-߃- ssZ-h-Øns≥d ho-cm-cm-[-\-bpw- {]-Ir-Xn-]q-P-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®- ssh-cp-≤y-߃-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m-cm-sW-∂-Xn-\p-≈- hy-Iv-X-am-b- sX-fn-hp-I-fm-bncp-∂p- k-aq-lØ - n¬- hn-≈e - p-≠m-°n.- H-´\ - h- [- n- B-cm-[y-∑m-cpw- B-cm-[\m-
A-h.- k-{º-Zm-b-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn.- k-aq-lw- `n-∂n-®p.- hy-Xy-kv-X- a-X-ß-fp-
≠m-bn.- B-Za - n-s≥-d- k-¥X - n-Iƒ- hy-Xy-kvX - - {]-tZ-iß - f- n-te-°v- IpSn-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cp-sS- ]-c-º-c- tb-dn.- A-hn-S-ß-fn-se-√mw- tZ-i-ß-fp-≠m-bn.- H-scm-‰- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-
{]-hm-N-I- ]-c-ºc-- -°v- a-m-\-h- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s≥-d- D¬-∏-Øn- fp-sS- a-°ƒ-X-s∂- hn-hn-[- tZ-i-°m-cpw- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-am-bn- cq]m-
apX¬- X-s∂- Xp-S° - w- Ip-dn-°s - ∏-´n-´p-≠v.- ssZ-hw- a-Æn¬-\n-∂v- a\p- ¥-c-s∏-´p.- Hm-tcm- k-ap-Zmb-Øn-\pw- {]-tXy-I- a-X-hpw- B-cm-[-\m-
jy-s\-bpw- A-h-\n¬-\n-∂v- X-s≥-d- C-W-tb-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- ssZ-h- k-{º-Zm-bß - f - p-ap≠m-bn.- B-cm-[y-∑m¿- G-sd-bp-≠m-bt∏mƒ- b-Ym¿-
Øn-s≥-d- hn-e-°p-Iƒ- ]m-en-°m-sX- ]n-im-Nn-s≥-d- Zp¿-t_m-[-\- ∞-Øn-ep-≈- B-cm-[y-\m-b- G-I-ssZ-h-sØ- A-h¿- a-d-∂p.- A-tXm-
߃°v- h-iw-h-Zcm-bn- hn-e-°-s∏-´- I-\n- Xn-∂-Xn-\m¬- kz¿-K-tem- sSm-∏w-X-s∂- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ-
I-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- ]p-dØ - m-°s - ]-´- B-Zy-Zº - X- n-Iƒ- sN-bX v- - Ip-‰w- Ah- {i-≤n-°m-\-h¿-°v- k-a-b-an-√m-Xm-bn.- k-aq-lw- Zp¿-hr-Øn-I-fn-epw-
cp-sS- ]-iv-Nm-Øm-]w- sIm-≠v- ssZ-hw s]m-dp-Øp-sIm-Sp-Øp.- A-Xn- Zp-cm-Nm-c-ß-fn-epw- s]-´v- \-´w-Xn-cn-™p.-
\p-ti-jw- `q-an-bn-te-°b - °
- s - ∏-´- A-hc - p-sS- k-¥X - n-Iƒ-°v- D-Zvt- _m- CØ--cw- A-h-kv-Y-I-fn¬- ssZ-hw- Hm-tcm- k-aq-l-Øn-te-°pw-
[-\w- \-SØ - m-\p-≈- _m-[y-X- B-Zn-a- a-\p-jy-\m-b- B-Za - n¬- `-ct- a¬- k-Xya-Xw-- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-øm≥-th-≠n- Zq-X-∑m-sc- A-b-®p.- X-ß-
∏n-°-s∏-´p.- A-t±-lw- X-s≥-d- k-¥-Xn-I-tfm-Sv- ""Cu- k-a-kv-X- {]-] fp-sS- k-aq-lØ - n-s≥-d- h-gn-tI-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®v- A-h¿- kz-ka - p-Zm-bs- Ø-
©Ø-ns - ≥-db - pw- {k-jvS- m-hv- G-I\ - m-b- ssZ-ha - m-sW-∂pw- A-h≥- am- t_m-[h - m-∑m-cm-°n.- k-Ie - - {]-]©- Ø - n-s≥-db - pw- {k-jvS- m-hpw- kwc-
{X-am-Wv- B-cm-[-\-Iƒ-°¿-l-s\-∂pw- A-h-s≥-d- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ- £-I-\p-am-b- G-I- ssZ-h-sØ- am-{Xta- B-cm-[n-°m≥- ]m-Sp-≈q-
]m-en-°p-∂-h¿-°v- a-c-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- c-£-bp-s≠-∂pw- sh-∂pw- a-‰v- h-kvX - p-°s - f-√mw- ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- kr-jvS- n-If - m-sW-∂pw-
A\p-k-cn-°m-Ø-h¿-°v- in-£- e-`n-°p-sa-∂pw''- ]-Tn-∏n-®p.- C-XmWv- A-h¿- k-aq-l-sØ- D-Z-vt_m-[n-∏n-®p.- Zp¿-hr-Øn-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- Zpcm-
{]-hm-N-I-X-z-Øn-s≥-d- D¬-∏-Øn.- Nm-cß - f - n¬-\n-∂pw- A-h¿- k-aq-ls - Ø- X-S™ - p.- ssZ-h{- ]o-Xn- e£y-
B-Za - n-s≥-d- k-¥X - n-Iƒ- s]-cp-In.- ]-ec - pw- X-ßf - p-sS- ]n-Xmhmb- am-°n- Po-hn-°m≥- A-h¿- P-\-ß-tfm-Sv- B-lzm-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- a-c-Wm-
B-Za - n-s≥-d- am¿-Kw- ]n-¥p-S¿-∂p.- G-I\ - m-b- ssZ-hs - Ø- am-{Xw- Bcm- \-¥c - - Po-hn-Xs - Ø-°p-dn-®v- A-h¿- k-aq-lØ - n-\v- ap-∂d- n-bn-∏v- \¬In.-
[n-®p.- A-h-s≥-d- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-I-ƒ-- A-\p-k-cn-®p.- Im-e-{I-a-Øn¬- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ- A-\p-k-cn-®v- Po-hn-°p-∂-h¿-°v-
A-h-kv-Y- am-dn.- hocm-cm-[-\-bn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- h-gn- ]-c-tem-I-Øv- kp-J-k-ºq¿-Æ-am-b- Po-hn-X-hpw- A-h- A-h-K-Wn-°p-
tISn\v- Xp-S-°w- Ip-dn-°-s∏-´-Xv.- k-aq-l-Øn-se- D-∂-X-∑m-cpw- k-Zv ∂-h¿-°v- Im-Tn-\y-ta-dn-b- in-£-bp-ap-s≠-∂v- A-h¿- am-\-h-cm-in-sb-
hr-Øc - p-am-bn-cp-∂- ]n-Xm-°t- fmS-p≈ - - _-lp-am-\w- A-hs - c- ]qPn-°p- A-dn-bn-®p.-
∂-Xn-te-°pw- A-h-tcm-Sv- k-lm-b-ß-f¿-∞n-°p-∂-Xn-te-°pw- A-ß tem-I-Øv- F-hn-sS-sb-√mw- a-\p-jy-cp-t≠m- A-hn-sS-sb-√mw-
s\- A-h-sc-sb-√mw- B-cm-[y-∑m-cm-bn- {]-Xn-jv-Tn-°p-∂-Xn-te-°pw- ap-∂-dn-bn-∏p-Im-cm-b- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m-cp-sS- B-K-a-\-hpw- \-S-∂n-´p-≠v.-
27 28
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
ssZ-h-Zq-X-s≥-d- \n-tbm-K-an-√mØ- H-scm-‰- k-aq-l-hpw- I-gn-™p-
t]mbn-´n-√.- sk-an-‰n-Iv- hw-iß - f - n¬- am-{X-a√
- ,- C-¥y-°m¿-°n-Sb - nepw-
B-{^n-°° - m¿-°n-Sb - n-ep-sa-√mw- ssZ-hZ- q-X∑ - m¿- \n-bp-IX
v- c
- m-bn-´p≠v.-
v- C-h-sc-√mh-cpw- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X- X-Xz-߃- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-am-
bn- H-∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p-˛G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-hpw- ]-c-temI--hn-izm-
k-hpw.- C-h-sc-√m-h-cpw- {]t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X- a-Xam-Wv- C-kv-emw.-
t\m-l-bpw- A-{_-lm-apw- bm-t°m-_pw- tbm-\m-bpw- tam-si-bpw-
tbip-hpw- ap-lΩ - Z- pw- am-{X-a√- ,- tem-IØ- n-te-°v- h-∂- {]-hm-NI - ∑m¿-
ap-gp-h≥- am-\-h-cm-in-sb- ]-Tn-∏n-®-Xv- F-¥m-tWm- A-Xm-Wv- G-I-ssZ-
hm-cm-[-\-bpw- A-h-∂p-≈- k-a¿-∏-W-hpw- A-Y-hm- C-kv-emw.-
H-tc- X-Xz-߃-
A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-c-am-bn- H-tc- X-Xz-߃-X-s∂-bm-Wv- {]-hm-N-
I∑m¿- ]Tn-∏n-®X - v.- F∂m¬- I¿-a] - c
- n-]m-Sn-Iƒ-°v- Im-eL - ´- Ø- n-\pw-
km-aq-ln-I- km-l-N-cy-Øn-\pw- A-\p-kr-X-am-bn- A¬-]-kz¬-]w-
hyXym-k-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- G-I-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bn-e-[n-jv-Tn-X-am-bn-
cp-∂p- A-h-sb-√mw-X-s∂.- P-\-ß-fn¬- k-Xy-k-\v-[-X-bpw- B-Xv-am¿-
∞-Xb- pw- h-f¿-Øn- ]-ct- em-IØ - n-se- in-£b - n¬-\n-∂v- A-hs - c- tamNn-
∏n-°p-Ib- pw- c-£b - ° v- p-th≠n- {]m-]X v- c
- m-°p-Ib- pw- sN-øp-Ib - m-bncp-
∂p- Cu- \n-ba - \
- n¿-t±-iß - f- p-sS-bpw- I¿-a- ]-cn-]m-Sn-If- p-sS-bp-sa-√mw-
e-£yw.-
k-ln-®- Xym-K-߃-
P-\-ß-fp-sS- tam-N-\-Øns≥-d- k-tµ-i-am-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿-
A-h¿-°v- ]-Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-ØX- v.- A-hcp-sS- im-iz-X- hn-Pb
- Ø
- n-\p≈-
am¿-K-am-Wv- ssZ-h-Zq-X-∑m¿- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv.- A-h-sc- tam-£-
Øn-te-°v- \-bn-°m-\m-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- \n-bp-Iv-X-cm-b-Xv.-
]t£,- P-\-߃- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc- ]-e-hn-[-Øn-epw- D-]-{Z-hn-
®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- Im-c-W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- X-ß-fp-sS- ]m-c-º-cy-
hnizmk-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-bn-´m-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- cw-K-Øp-h-∂n-´p-≈-Xv.-
A-h¿°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv- G-I-ssZ-h-sØ- am-{X-am-Wv- B-cm-[n-t°-
≠Xv- F-∂m-Wv;- ssZ-hn-I- am¿-K-\n¿-t±-i-ß-f-\p-k-cn-®p-≈- Po-hn-X-
29
k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
am-Wv- ]-c-temI- tam-£-Øn-\v- \n-Zm-\-sa-∂m-Wv.- C-Xv- Ip-´n-ssZ-h-
ß-sf-bpw- I-√d- I - s- f-bpw- hym-Ps - sZ-hß - s - f-bpw- C-Sb - m-f∑- m-sc-bpw-
hn-{K-l-ß-sf-bp-sa-√mw- sh-Sn-bp-∂- A-h-kv-Y-bn-te-°m-Wv- P-\-ß-
sf- \-bn-°p-I.- A-t∏mƒ- ssZ-hß - f - p-sS- kz-¥° - m-cm-bn- kz-bw- Ah-
tcm-[n-X-cm-hp-I-bpw- ssZ-h-ß-fp-sS- t]-cn¬- a-\p-jy-sc- am-\-kn-I-
am-b- A-Sn-aI - f- m-°n-sh-°p-Ib - pw- sN-bvX - n-cp-∂- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øn\v-
{]-k-Iv-Xn-bp-≠m-hp-I-bn-√.- G-I-\m-b- ssZ-h-sØ- am-{X-am-Wv- Bcm-
[n-t°-≠-sX-¶n¬,- A-h-t\m-Sv- t\-cn-´v- {]m¿-∞n-°m-sa-¶n¬,- A-h≥-
k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\p-am-sW-¶n¬- ]n-s∂- ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn-\pw- C-S-bm-f-
∑m¿-°p-sa-¥m-Wv- {]-k-Iv-Xn?-
C-Xv- a-\-kn-em-°n-b- ]u-tcm-ln-Xyw- P-\-ß-sf- {]-£p-_v-[-
cm-°n.- ]m-c-ºc-- y-hn-tcm-[n-I-fpw- ]u-cm-Wn-I-∑m-sc- X-≈n-∏-d-bp-∂-
h-cp-a-m-Wv- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-∂- [m-c-W-bp-≠m-°n km-[m-c-W-°m-sc-
A-h¿-s°-Xn-sc- {]-tIm-]n-X-cm-°n- hn-´p.- ]-e-t∏m-gpw- A-[n-Im-cn-h¿-
K-hpw- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-Øn-\v- Iq-´p-\n-∂p.- G-I-\m-b- ssZ-h-Øn-\p-ap-
∂n¬- ]-W° - m-c\ - pw- ]-Wn-°m-c\ - pw- A-[n-Im-cn-If - pw- {]-PI - f- p-sa√mw-
k-a-∑m-cm-sW-∂v- h-∂m¬- ]n-s∂- X-߃-°v- P-∑m-h-Im-i-am-bn-
In´nb- A-[n-Im-cØ - n-s≥-d- Hu-∂X - y-Øn-\v- A¿-∞a - p-≠m-hp-Ib - n-s√-
∂-h¿- I-W° - p-Iq-´n.- ]-ct- em-I- tam-£Ø - n-\v- ssZ-hZ- q-X∑ - m¿- ]dbp-
∂- am¿-K-am-Wv- D-]-bp-Iv-X-sa-∂v- h-∂m¬- X-߃- sN-øp-∂- tXm-∂n-
hm-k-߃-°v- Iq-´p-\n¬-°m≥- B-sf- In-´p-I-bn-s√-∂-h¿- a-\- n-
em-°n.-
A-ß-s\- A-[nIm-cn- h¿-K-hpw- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-hpw- Iq-Sn- {]hm-
N-I-∑m-sc-bpw- A-h-cp-sS- X-Xz-ß-sf-bpw- \-in-∏n-°m-\m-bn- k-I-e-
hn-[- X-{¥-ß-fpw- ]-b-‰n.- A-{I-a-߃- A-gn-®p-hn-´p.- {]-tem-`-\-߃-
\-S-Øn.- ]-e- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpw- h-[n-°-s∏-´p.- Nn-e¿- _-ln-jv-°-cn-
°-s∏-´p-.- a-‰p-Nn-e¿- B-´n-tbm-Sn-°-s∏-´p.- Po-h-\m-sS- \n¿-Øn- Cu¿-
®-hm-fp-sIm-≠v- \-Sp-sh- tO-Zn-®-Xpw- i-co-c-am-k-I-ew- C-cp-ºp- No¿-
∏p-sIm-≠v- hm¿-∂v- tNm-c-sbm-en-∏n-®-Xp-sa-√mw- P-\-߃-°v- tam-N-
\-Øn-s≥-d- am¿-Kw- Im-Wn-®-p-sIm-Sp-Øp-sh-∂- G-I-Im-c-W-Øm-em-
bn-cp-∂p.- C-Xv- a-\- n-em-°p-tºm-gm-Wv- k-Xy-a-X- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\m-
bn- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- F-{X-am-{Xw- Xym-K-߃- k-ln-®p-sh-∂v- \-ap°v-
A-dn-bm≥- I-gn-bpI.-
30
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

c-≠p- tN-cn-Iƒ- °ƒ-°v- P-\n-°p-∂- Ip-™v,- ssZ-h-[n-°m-c-Øn-s≥-d- am¿-K-am-Wv-

Cu- A-{I-a-ß-sfm-∂pw- k-Xy-a-m¿-K-Øn-s≥-d- k-tµ-i- {]-N- ]n-¥p-S-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬- A-h-≥- C-kv-em-an-\v- ]p-d-Øm-Wv.- A-hn-izm-kn-
cW--Øn¬-\n-∂v- ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- DØ-a- Zm-k∑ - m-sc- ]n-¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥- I-fm-b- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°f - p-sS- Ip-´n,- ssZ-hØ - n-\v- kz-bw- k-a¿-∏n-°m\pw-
]-cym-]vX
- a- √ - m-bn-cp-∂p.- C-Øc - w- {]-Xn-_\ - v[
- ß- s - f-sb-√mw- Xr-Wh - ¬- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- ]-Tn-∏n-®- ]m-X- ]n-¥p-S-cm-\pw- k-∂-≤-am-hp-I-bm-sW-
K-Wn-®v- {]hm-N-I-∑m¿- X-߃- G¬-∏n-°-s∏-´- Zu-Xyw- \n¿-h-ln-®p- ¶n¬- C-ke v- m-an-I- k-aq-lØ - n-se- AwK-am-Wv.- ]-S® - X- º
- p-cm-\v- kºq¿-
sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- k-aq-lØ - n-s≥-d- F-Xn¿-∏v- h-Is - h-°m-sX- k-Xym-t\z- W-am-bpw- k-a¿-∏n-°m-≥- k-∂≤ - c - m-b- k-PvP
- \- ß
- f- p-sS- Iq-´m-bva
- bm-
jn-Iƒ- Iq-´w-Iq-´-am-bn- Cu- k-Xy-a-X-Øn¬- tN¿-∂p.- h-en-b- P\- Wv- ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-bw.- A-X-√m-sX- ap-kv-enw- \m-a-ß-fp-≈- am-Xm-
k-ap-Zm-bß - ƒ-Xs - ∂- ssZ-hn-I- am¿-KZ- ¿-i\ - Ø- n-s≥-d- sImSn-°ogn¬- ]n-Xm-°-fp-sS- a-°-fm-bn- ]n-d-∂- Ip-sd- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- H-Øp-tN-c-e-√.-
A-Wn-\n-c-∂p.-
A-hn-sS- hy-Iv-X-am-b- c-≠v- tN-cn-I-fp-≠m-bn.- H-∂v- {k-jv-Sm- "a-X-߃'- D-≠m-Ip-∂p-
hm-b- ssZ-h-sØ- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-°p-I-bpw- A-h-s≥-d- am¿-K-Z¿-i {]-hm-NI - ∑- m¿- {]-t_m-[\ - w- sN-bX v- - a-XØ
- n-\v- A-hc
- p-sS- Pohn-
\-sØ- ]n≥-]-‰p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-¿.- c-≠v- ssZ-h-sØ- Iq-Sm-sX- a-‰v- X-Im-e-Øn-\p-ti-jw- G-sd-°m-ew- \n-e-\n¬-∏p-≠m-bn-√.- A-h-cp-sS-
]-e-Xn-s\-bpw- B-cm-[n-°p-I-bpw- A-hs≥-d- am¿-K-Z¿-i-\-sØ- Ah- ]n≥-Km-an-Iƒ- X-s∂- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS- in-£-W- \n¿-tZ-i-ß-sf-
K-Wn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-h¿.- C-Xn¬- c-≠m-a-sØ- tN-cn- H-∂m-a-sØ- am-‰n-a-dn®p-.- A-h¿- sIm-≠p-h-∂- ssZ-hn-I- {K\v-Y-ß-fn¬- kz-¥w- h-
tN-cn-sb- \-in-∏n-°m-\m-bn- {i-an-®-t∏mƒ- C-h- {][m-\-s∏-´- c-≠v- I-bm-bn- B-i-b-߃- I-S-Øn-°q-´n.- Nn-e¿- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc- ssZhm-
kaq-lß - f - m-bn- cq-]m-¥c - s
- ∏-´p.- H-∂m-as - Ø- k-aq-lw- ssZ-hnI- am¿- h-Xm-c-ß-fm-bn- {]-Xn-jv-Tn-®p.- a-‰p-Nn-e¿- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- ssZ-h-]p-{X-
K-Z¿-i-\-߃- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬- A-h¿- k-Xy-a-Xw- kzo-I-cn-°p- ∑m-cm-sW-∂v- hm-Zn-®p-.- th-sd- Nn-e¿- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- ssZ-hn-I- hy-Iv-
∂-hc - m-bn.- A-Yh - m- ap-kvenw-If - m-bn.- c-≠m-as - Ø- k-aq-lw- ssZ-hnI- Xn-Xz-Øn-se- B-f-Xz-am-sW-∂v- ]-d-™p.-
am¿-KZ- ¿-i\ - ß- ƒ- A-hK - W- n-®X- n-\m¬- A-h¿- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-If - mbn.- k¿-hi - I- X v- s - \-b√
- m-sX- a-‰m-sc-bpw- B-cm-[n-°m≥- ]m-Sn-s√∂v-
A-Y-hm- Im-^n-dp-I-fm-bn.- ]-d-™- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-sc-X-s∂- ]q-Pn-°p-I-sb-∂- ssh-cp-≤y-Øn-
\mWv- a-\p-jy- N-cn-{Xw- km-£yw-\n¬°p-∂-Xv.- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- ]-Tn-
C-kv-emw- F-∂m¬- ∏n-®- I¿-am-\p-jvT - m-\ß - s- f-bpw- \n-ba - \
- n¿-tZ-iß - s- f-bpw- A-hc - p-sS-
A-d-_n- `m-j-bn¬- "C-kv-emw'- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn-s≥-d- A¿-∞w- A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- X-∂- Zp-jn-∏n-®p-I-f-™p.- ]-e-X-cw- aq-Vm-Nm-c-ß-
k-a¿-∏-Ww, Io-gv-h-W-°w- F-s∂m-s°-bm-Wv.- k-am-[m-\w,- c£- fpw- Zp¿-\-S-]-Sn-I-fpw- a-X-Øn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- A-h¿- \n¿-an-®p-\-S-∏m-
F∂o- B-i-b-߃- B- ]-Z-Ø-n¬- A-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v.- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\m- °n.- sI´p-I-Y-I-fpw- hym-tP-Xn-lm-k-ß-fpw- Iq-´n-°-e¿-Øn- Ip-sd-
b- {k-jvS- m-hn-\v- k¿-hk
- z-hpw- k-a¿-∏n-°p-Ih - g- n- k-am-[m-\Ø- n s≥d- an-Øp-Isf- kr-jv-Sn-®v- A-h-bv-s°-√mw- B-cm-[-\I--f-¿-∏n-°p-∂- A-
bpw- c-£-bp-sS-bpw- ]m-X-bn-te-°p-≈- {]-bm-W-am-Wv- C-kv-emw- F- h-kv-Y-bp-≠m-bn.- Aß-s\- k-Xy-hpw- A-k-Xy-hpw- Iq-Sn-°p-g-™-
∂v- ]-d-bmw.- k¿-h-i-Iv-X≥- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn-eq-sS- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®- C- cq-]-Øn-em-bn.- {]-hm-N-I≥- ]-Tn-∏n-®- hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ß-tf-Xm-sW-
kv-emw- kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv- ap-kv-enw.- A-Xv- [n-°c-- n-°p-∂-h¿- C- ∂pw-- ]n¬-°m-eØv- I-q´- n-t®¿-°s - ∏-´s
- X-¥m-sW-∂pw- hn-th-Nn-®d- nbm-
kv-em-an-s≥-d- hr-Ø-Øn-\v- ]p-d-Øm-Wv.- ≥- I-gn-bm-sX-bm-bn.-
P-∑-a-√- hn-izm-k-hpw- I¿-a-ß-fp-am-Wv- a-\p-jy-sc- ap-kv-en-apw- A-t∏mƒ- ho-≠pw- ssZ-hw- Zq-X-∑m-sc- \n-tbm-Kn-®p.- A-h¿-
A-ap-kve- n-ap-am-°n-Øo¿-°p-∂X - v.- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-If - m-b- am-Xm-]n-Xm- k-aq-ls - Ø- D-≤c - n-°m≥- {i-an-®p.- k-Xy-Øn-s≥-d- k-tµ-iw- P-\߃-
31 32
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

s°-Øn-®p.- ]-e-cpw- sh-fn-®-Øn-te-°v- h-∂p.- tam-£w- t\-Sn.- a-‰p Rm-≥- D-b¿-Øpw.- Rm≥- F-s‚- h-N-\-߃- A-bm-fp-sS- \m-hn¬-
Nn-e¿- A-\v-[-X- ]p¬-In- A-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn.- Cu- N-{Iw- B-h¿- \n-th-in-∏n-°pw.- Rm≥- I¬-]n-°p-∂-h-sb-√mw- A-b-mƒ- A-h-tcmSv-
Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- kw-km-cn-°pw.- A-bmƒ- F-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬- D-®-cn-°p-∂- F-s≥-d-
hm-°p-Iƒ- sN-hn-s°m-≈m-Øh - t- \m-Sv- Rm≥- X-s∂- I-W° - v- tNmZn-
]-cn-an-X-am-b- Zu-Xyw- °pw.- F-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬- kw-km-cn-°m≥- Rm≥- B-Pv-Rm-]n-®n-´n-
{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- F-√m- k-aq-l-ß-fn-te-°pw- \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n- √-m-Ø- H-cp- hm-s°¶-n-epw- kw-km-cn-°m≥- ap-Xn-cp-I-tbm- a-‰p- tZ-h-
´p-s≠-∂v- \mw- a-\ - n-em-°n.- A-hc
- n¬- Hm-tcm-cp-Øc
- p-sS-bpw- {]t_m- ∑m-cp-sS- \m-a-Øn¬- kw-km-cn-°p-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xm¬- B- {]-hm-N≥-
[-\- Zu-Xyw- kz-¥-w- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬- a-m-{Xw- H-Xp-ßn-\n-∂p.- k-ap-Zm- a-cn-°pw- "I¿-Øm-hv- A-cpƒ- sN-bv-Xn-´n-√m-Ø- h-N-\-߃- R-߃-
b-߃- X-Ωn¬- C-∂-sØ-t∏m-ep-≈- _-\v-[-ß-tfm- A-Sp-∏-tam- C√m- F-ßs - \- Xn-cn-®d- n-bpw?-'- F-∂v- \o- lr-Zb - Ø- n¬- ]-db - p-am-bn-cn-°pw.-
Xn-cp-∂- A-°m-e-Øv- A-Xv- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p- {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-b- \-S- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I≥- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬- kw-km-cn-®n-´v- B-
]Sn.- H-tc- Im-e-b-f-hn¬-X-s∂- hy-Xy-kv-X- k-aq-l-ß-fn¬- Po-hn-®-- hN\w- b-mY - m¿-∞y-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-It- bm- kw-`h - n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-It- bm-
hy-Xy-kv-X-cm-b- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- N-cn-{Xw- hy-Iv-X- sN-bv-Xm¬,- B- h-N-\w- I¿-Øm-hv- A-cpƒ- sN-bv-X-X-√, {]-hm-N-
am-°p-∂p-≠v.- I≥- A-Xv- tXm-∂ym-k-am-bn- ]-d-™-Xm-Wv,- \o- A-bms-f- `-b-s∏-
tS≠--Xn-√''- (B-h¿-Ø-\w- 18:-18˛22).-
B-h¿-Ø\ - ]--pk
- vX
- I
- Ø
- n¬- \-ap-°n-ßs - \- Im-Wmw-:- ""I¿-Øm
A-¥n-a- {]-hm-N-I-s\-°p-dn-®- {]-h-N-\-߃-
hv- ko-\m-bn¬ -\n-∂v- h-∂p.- tk-bo-dn¬-sh-®v- \-Ωp-sS -ta¬- D-Zn-®p.-
{]-hm-NI- ∑
- m-c√
- m-hc
- pw- tem-IØ
- n-\v- ap-gp-h\
- pw- kzo-Ic
- n-°m≥- ]m-dm≥- ]¿-h-X-Øn¬- A-h≥- {]-Im-in-®p.- X-s≥-d- h-e-Xp -I-øn¬-
]-‰p-∂- k-tµ-i-ß-fp-am-bn- I-S-∂p-h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- H-cp- a-lm-{]hm- A-Kv-\n- Pzm-e-bp-am-bn- ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-ß-fm-b- hn-ip-≤-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v-
N-I-s\-°p-dn-®v- Zo¿-L-Z¿-i-\w- \-S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.- X-ß-fp-sS- Zu-Xyw- Ah≥- h-cp-∂p''.- (B-h¿-Ø-\w- 33:-2)-
H-cp- {]-tXy-I- tZ-iØn-se-tbm- k-aq-l-Øn-se-tbm- a-\p-jy-tcmSv-
D¬-∏-Øn- ]p-kv-X-Iw- C-ß-s\- {]-h-Nn-®p:- ""A-h-Im-in- h-cp-
am-{X-am-sW-∂pw- A-¥n-a-{]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- B-K-a-\-tØm-sS- tem-Iw-
thm-fw- sN-t¶m¬- b-lq-Zm-bn¬-\n-∂v- H-gn-™v- t]m-hp-I-bn-√.- cm-P
sF-Iy-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- H-‰-s°-´m-bn- H-tc- B-Nm-c-ß-fpw- hn-izm-k-ß-
Z-WvU- v- A-bm-fp-sS- ]m-Zß - ƒ-°n-Sb - n¬-\n-∂v- am-dp-Ib - n-√.- P-\X - I
- fp-
fpw- kzo-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- ssZ-h-Øn-¶¬-\n-∂v- am-\-h- k-ap-Zm-bw- Adn-
tb-≠-Xm-h-iy-am-b- F-√m- hn-h-c-ß-fpw- A-dn-bn-°-s∏-Sphm≥- A¿- sS- hn-t[-b-Xzw- A-bm-tfm-Sm-bn-cn-°pw''.- (D¬-∏-Øn- 49:-10)-
l-X- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-sa-∂v- ap-≥- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- {]-h-Nn-®- sb-iø - m- {]-hm-NI - ≥- {]-hN - n-®X- v- C-ßs - \-bm-W:v- - ""C-Xm- Rm≥-
Xm-bn- a-\- n-em-°mw.- ]p-Xn-b-Xpw- ]-g-b-Xp-am-b- \n-b-a-ß-fn¬- am{X- Xm-ßp-∂- F-s≥-d- Zm-k≥.- F-s≥-d- sX-cs - ™-Sp-°s - ∏-´h- ≥-;- Fs≥d-
a-√ ssl-µ-h- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\- {K-\v-Y-ß-fn¬h-sc- C-Ø-cw- {]-h-N-\- D-≈w- A-bm-fn¬- {]-km-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-;- Rm≥- F-s≥-d- B-Xv-am-hv-
ß-fn¬- Nn-e-Xv- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bpw.- A-bm-fn¬- \n-t£-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-bmƒ- P-\-ß-fp-sS- ta¬- \oXn-
\-S-Øpw.- A-bmƒ- \n-e-hn-fn-°p-I-bn-√-;- kz-c-ap-b¿-Øp-I-bn-√.-
]-g-b- \n-b-a-Øn-se- {]-h-N-\-߃- Abmƒ- hn-iz-kv-X-Xm-]q¿-∆w- \o-Xn- \-S-Øpw.- A-bmƒ- `q-an-bn¬-
tam-si- {]hm-N-I-t\m-Sv- ssZ-hw- \¬-In-b- hm-Kv-Zm-\w- C-ß- \o-Xn- kp-kv-Ym-]n-X-am-°pw-h-sc- ]-cm-P-b-s∏Sp-I-bn-√-;- \n-cm-i-s∏-
s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p-:- ""A-h¿- ]-d-™-sX-√mw- i-cn- X-s∂.- \n-s∂-t∏m-se- Sp-I-bp-an-√.- Zzo-]p-Iƒ- A-bm-fp-sS- \n-b-a-Øn-\p-th-≠n- Im-Øn-cn-
H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-s\- A-h-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v- A-h¿-°m-bn- °p-∂p'-'.- (sb-i-øm- 42:-1˛4)-
33 34
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

sb-iø - m-hn-s≥-d- {]-hN - \- Ø - n¬- \mw- ho-≠pw- C-ßs - \- hmbn- a-\w- A-h¿- ImØn-cp-∂p.-
°p-∂p-:- ""I¿-Øm-hn-\v- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- Km-\w- B-e-]n-°q.- `q-an-bp-sS- tI-Zm-dn-se-bpw- s\-_-tbm-Øn-se-bpw- a-\p-jy-sc-√mw- H-∂n®v-
A-Xn¿-Øn-If - n-¬- \n-∂v- A-h∂ - v- kvX- p-Xn- a-pg- ß
- s
- ´.- k-ap-{Z-hpw- AXp- h-∂p-Iq-Sp-Ib - pw- hn-iz-kvX
- X
- m-]q¿-∆w- \o-Xn- \-SØ
- p-Ib
- pw- ]-cm- P
- b-
ƒ-s°m-≈p-∂- k¿-h-hpw- Zzo-]p-I-fpw- A-h-bn-se- \n-hm-kn-Ifpw- A- s∏Sm-sX- \o-Xn- kv-Ym-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n- ]-cn-{i-an-°p-I-bpw-
h-∂v- kv-XpXn-]m-S-s´.- a-cp-`q-an-bpw- A-Xn-se- \-K-c-ß-fpw- tI-Zm¿- \n- sNøp∂- ssZ-h-Øm¬- sX-c-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´- Zm-k-s≥-d- B-K-a-\w-
h-kn-°p-∂- {Km-a-ß-fpw- k-z-c-a-p-b¿-Ø-s´.- tk-e-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ- B\- Im-Øp-I-gn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- C-{km-Cu-ey¿.-
µ-]q¿-hw- ]m-Ss - ´.- sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-If - n¬-\n-∂v- A-h¿- B¿-Øp- hn-fn-°s´.-
tb-ip-hn-\v- ap-ºp-≈- b-lq-Zn-I-sf-√m-h-cpw- X-s∂- aq-∂v- a-lm-
A-h¿- I¿-Øm-hn-\v- a-l-Xz-a¿-∏n-®v- Zzo-]p-I-fn¬- A-h-s≥-d- kv-Xp-Xn-
∑m-sc- {]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.- G-en-bm-hv,- {In-kv-Xp,- A-¥n-a-
tLm-jn-°-s´.'-'- (sb-i-øm-hv- 42:-10˛12)-
{]-hm-N-I≥- F-∂n-hcm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- aq-∂pt]¿.- A-h-cn-te-°p-h∂-
h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- {]-hm-NI - s - \- ssZ-hw- A-`n-kw-t_m-[\ - - sNøp- Hm-tcm- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-tcm-Spw- A-h¿- tNm-Zn-®-p- \n-߃- G-en-b-thm-
∂- cq-]Ø- n¬- sb-iø - m-hn-s≥-d- ]p-kX v- I
- w- ho-≠pw- ]-db - p-∂p-:- ""tIZm- tb-ip-thm- A-¥n-a- {]-hm-NI - t- \m- C-Xn¬- B-cm-sW-∂v.- tb-ip-hn\v-
dn-se- B-´n≥-]-‰w- ap-gp-h≥- \n-s≥-d- A-Sp-°¬- h-∂-p-Iq-Spw-;- s\-_- ap-ºv- h-∂- tbm-l-∂m-≥-- kv-\m-]-I-t\m-Sv- b-l-q-Zn-Iƒ- tNm-Zn-®p.- "\o-
tbm-Øn-se- B-Wm-Sp-Iƒ- \n-\-°v- tk-h- sN-øpw.- A-h- F-\n-°v- {In--kv-Xp-hm-tWm?-'- "Rm≥- {In-kv-Xp-h-√'- F-∂-bmƒ- G-‰p-]-d-™p.
{]-km-ZP - \
- I
- a- m-bn- F-s≥-d- _-en-]o-TØ - n¬- F-Øpw-;- F-s≥-d- a-lna- A-h¿- A-bm-tfm-Sv- tNm-Zn-®p:- "F-¶n¬- \o- ]n-s∂- B-cm-Wv?- G-en-
bm¿-∂- B-e-b-sØ- Rm-≥- a-l-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øpw'-'.- (sb-i-øm- 60:-7)- bm-tbm?'- A-bmƒ- ]-d-™p- "A-√'.- "\o- B- {]-hm-N-I-\m-tWm?-
Abmƒ- a-dp-]-Sn- ]-d-™p:- "A-√'- (tbm-l-∂m≥- 1:-20˛22)-
c-£-I-s\- {]-Xo-£n-®v.......-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-\v- ti-j-hpw- A-h¿- B- "{]-hm-N-I-s\-'- Im-Øn-
\q-‰m-≠p-I-fm-bn- C-{kmbo-¬- P-\-X- B- c-£-I-s\- Im-Øn-cn- cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- tam-si-°p-ti-jw- h-∂- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-scm-∂pw-
X-s∂- tam-si-sb-t∏m-ep-≈- {]-hm-NI - \- s - √-∂pw- A-hs - cm-∂pw- C{km-
{In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-߃-
Cu-ey-cp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v- D-b¿-Ø-s∏-´-X-s√-∂pw- A-h¿-
a-\ 
- n-em-°n.- tam-si- ap-X¬- tb-ip- h-sc-bp-≈h - s - c-√mw- C-{kmCu- C-{km-bo-ey-cn-se- A-hk - m-\s - Ø- {]-hm-NI - \- m-b- {In-kX v- phpw-
ey-cn¬- \n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- \n-ba - ß
- t- fm- a-t‰m- \¬-Is - ∏-´h - c
- m-bn-cp∂n√- tem-I-Øn-te-°v- h-∂p.- A-t±-lw- C-{kmbo-ey-cn-te-°v- am-{Xw- Ab-
tb-ip-h-sc-bp-≈- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-scm-∂p-w- X-s∂.- °-s]-´- {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™p- ""C-{kmbo-¬- `h-
ko-\m- ]¿-h-X-Øn¬-\n-∂p-≈- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- B-K-a-\w- \-Øn-se- \-jv-S-s∏-´- B-Sp-I-fp-sS- A-Sp-tØ-°v- am-{X-am-Wv- F-s∂-
tamsi-tbm-Sp -Iq-Sn- ]q¿-Øn-bm-bn.- ^-e-kv-Xo\n-ep-≈- tk-bo¿- A-b®- n-cn-°p-∂X - v''- (a-Øm-bn- 15:-24)- {In-kvX - p- X-s≥-d- in-jy-∑m-tcmSv-
aebn¬- \n-∂p-≈- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- D-Z-bw- tb-i-p-hn-s≥-d- h-c-thmSp- ]-d-™-Xv- C-ß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p- ""\n-߃- hn-Pm-Xo-b-cp-sS- C-S-bn-¬-
Iq-Sn-- ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s∏-´p.- A-td-_y-bn-se- ln-Pm-kn-ep-≈- ]m-dm≥- t]m-Ic- p-X;v- - i-ac- y-°m-cp-sS- ]-´W- ß - f - n-epw- {]-th-in-°c - p-Xv.- F-∂m¬,-
]¿-hX - Ø
- n¬ \n-∂p≈- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- {]-Im-in-°¬- F-∂m-sW∂v- C-{km-bo-¬- `-h-\-Øn-se- \-jv-S-s∏-´- B-Sp-I-fp-sS- A-Sp-°-te-°v-
ImØp- I-gn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p- C-{km-Cu-ey¿.- tam-si-°p -ti-jw- t]mhp-I''- (a-Øm-bn- 10:- 5,-6)-
h-cp-∂- {]hm-NI-∑m-cn¬- B-cm-Wv- k-am-[m-\w- {]-h-Nn-°p-I-sb-∂v- A-t±-lh - pw- tam-si-sb-t∏m-ep-≈- {]-hm-NI - \- m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- tam-
A-h¿- t\m°n-bncp∂p.- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- sN-t¶m¬- b-lq-Zn- si-bp-sS- P-\-\w- km-[m-c-W- co-Xn-b-n-em-bn-cp-∂p- (]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d-bpw-
˛C-{km-Cu-ey¿˛I-fn¬ \n-∂v- \o-°n-°f - b- p-∂- A-hI - m-in-bp-sS- BK- am-Xm-hn-s‚--bpw- kw-Ka - Ø
- n¬-\n-∂v)- - tb-ip- ]n-Xm-hn-√m-sX- Xn-I® - pw-
35 36
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
Akm-[m-c-W- \n-e-bn-em-Wv- P-\n-®-Xv.- tam-si-°v- `m-cy-bpw- a-°-fp-
ap-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- tb-ip-hn-\v- C-h-sbm-∂p-ap≠-m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-
tamsi- {]-hm-NI - ≥- `-cW- m-[n-Im-cn- Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- tbip-
{]-hm-N-I≥- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.- tam-si- {]-hm-N-I-\v- \ym-b-{]-am-Ww-
\¬-Is - ∏-´p.- tb-ip-hm-Is - ´- tam-si-bp-sS- \ym-b{- ]-am-Ws - Ø- AwKo-
I-cn-°p-I- am-{X-am-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.-
tb-ip-hpw- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- a-lm-\m-sbm-cp- {]-hm-N-I-s\-
°pdn®v- Zo¿-L-Z¿-i-\w- \-S-Øn.- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™p-:- ""Rm≥- t]m-Ip-
∂-Xv- \n-ß-fp-sS- \-∑-bv-°m-Wv.- Rm≥- t]m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬- k-lm-b-
I≥- (]m-c-¢n-t‰m-kv)- \n-ß-fp-sS- A-Sp-°¬- h-cn-I-bn-√.- Rm≥-
t]mbm¬- A-hs - \- \n-ßf - p-sS- A-Sp-tØ-°v- Rm-≥- A-b° - pw.- Ah≥-
h-cp-tºmƒ- ]m-]-sØ-bpw- \o-Xn-sb-bpw- \ym-b-hn-[n-sb-bpw- Ip-dn®v-
tem-I-sØ- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øpw''.- (tbm-l-∂m-\- 16:-7,-8)-
tb-ip- ho-≠pw- ]-d-™p-:- ""C-\n-bpw- ]-e- Im-cy-߃- F-\n-°v-
\n-ß-tfm-Sv- ]-d-bm-\p≠--v.- F-∂m¬- C-t∏mƒ- \n-߃-°v- A-Xv-
Xmßm≥- km-[y-a-√.- k-Xym-Xv-am-hv- h-cp-tºmƒ- A-h≥- \n-ß-sf- F-
√m- k-Xy-Øn-te-°pw- \-bn-°pw.- kz-¥w- A-[n-Im-c-Øn¬- H-∂pw-
A-h≥- ]-d-bp-I-bn-√.- F-∂m¬- Xm≥- tIƒ-°p-∂sX-¥pw- A-h-≥-
]-d-bpw.- hcm-\n-cn-°p-∂- Im-cy-߃- A-h≥- \n-ß-tfm-Sv- {]-Jym-]n-
°pw''.- (tbm-l-∂m-≥- 16:-12˛14)-
tb-ip-hn-\m¬- k-Xy-Øn-s≥-d- B-Xv-am-hv,- k-lm-bn,- km-¥z-
\-°m-c≥- F-∂n-ßs - \- hn-fn-°s - ∏-´- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-NI - s- ≥-d- BK-
a-\Ø
- n-\m-bn- tb-ip-hns≥-d- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- I-mØ - n-cp-∂p.- A-t±lw-
h-∂-Xn-\p-ti-jw- k-I-e-hn-[- k-Xy-ß-fn-te-°pw- h-gn- \-S-Ø-s∏-Sp-
sa-∂- {]-Xo-£-bp-am-bn.-
ln-µp-a-X- {K-\v-Y-ß-fn-se- {]-h-N-\-߃-
`m-cX-Øn-te-°v- h-∂- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpw- a-lm-\m-b- A-¥n-a- {]-
hm-N-I-s≥-d- B-K-a-\-sØ-°p-dn-®v- {]-h-Nn-®n-´p-≠v.-
th-Z-hym-k≥- C-ß-s\- ]-d-™p:-
G-X- kv-an-∂-¥-tc- tæ-O-:-
B-Nm-tc-Wy- k-a-\zn-X-
a-lm-a-Z- C-Xn-Jym-Zx-
37
k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
in-jy-im-Jm- k-a-\zn-Xw-˛ (`-hn-jy¬- ]pcm-W-w- 3:-3:-3:-5 )
(A-t∏mƒ- a-lm-a-Zv- F-∂- t]-cp-≈- hn-tZ-in-bm-b- tem-Im-
Nmcy≥- X-s≥-d- in-j-y-K-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn- {]-Xy-£-s∏-Spw).-
a-lm-aZ- v- F-∂- hn-izm-Nm-cy-s\-°p-dn-®v- th-Zh - ym-k≥- Xp-S¿∂p:-
""ssZ-h-Zq-X- k-Zr-i-\m-b- Cu- a-cp-`q-\n-hm-kn-sb- cm-Pm-hv- Kw-Km-P-e-
Øn-epw- a-‰v- A©p-X-cw- ip-≤o-I-c-W- P-e-ß-fn-epw- kv-\m-\w- sN-
øn®v- `-Iv-Xn- hn-izm-k- k-a-\znXw- ]q-Pn-®v- C-{]-Im-cw- {]m¿-∞n-°pw:-
"A-√t- bm- a-\pjy-h¿-KØ - n-s≥-d- A-`n-am-\k - vX
- w-`a- m-bn- ]n-d∂ - - alm-
\p-`m-hm-!- Z-pj
- Sv- \ - n-{K-lØ- n-\p-≈- Zn-hy-iI - X
v- n-bp-sS- am-lm-Xa v- y-Øm¬-
i-{Xp-]o-UI -- -fn¬-\n-∂pw- c-£-{]m-]n-®p- ]-cm-i-Iv-Xn-bp-sS- {]-Xy-£-
e-£-W-am-bn- ]-cn-e-kn-°p-∂- ]p-Wym-Xv-am-th-!- A-ß-bp-sS- ]m-Z-
NcW-ß-fn¬- A-Sn-]-Wn-bp-∂- Cu-bp-≈-h-s\- A-hn-Sp-∂v- H-cp-
ASnabmbn- kzo-I-cn-®-\p-{K-ln-®m-epw.''- (Ibid 3:3:6-8)
B- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- A-\p-bmbn-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw-
kmwkv-°m-cn-I- Nn-lv-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw- Iq-Sn- hn-h-cn-°p-∂p-≠v- `hn-
jy¬- ]p-cm-Ww.- ""A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- tN-em-I¿-Ωw-
sN-øpw.- A-h¿- Ip-Sp-as - h-°p-Ib - n-√.- A-h¿- Xm-Sn- h-f¿-Øpw.- Ah¿-
hn-π-h-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cn-°pw.- {]m¿-∞-\-°v- h-cm≥- A-h¿- D-d-s°-
Blzm-\w- sN-øpw.- ]-∂n-sb- H-gn-®v- a-‰v- an-°- ar-K-ß-sf-bpw- A-h¿-
`-£n-°pw.- ip-≤n-sN-øm≥- Z¿-`- D-]tbm-Kn-°p-∂X - n-\v- ]-Ic
- w- kacw-
sN-bX v- v- A-h¿- ]-cn-ip-≤c - m-hpw.- a-Xs- Ø- aen-\s - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂h - c - p-ambn-
bp-≤w- sN-øp-∂-Xn-\m¬- ap-ssk-e-h-∑m¿- F-∂-h¿- A-dn-b-s∏-Spw.-
Cu- amw-k-`p-°p-I-fp-sS- B-hn¿-`m-hw- F-∂n¬- \n-∂m-bn-cn-°pw''.-
(Ibid 3:3:3: 25-28)
AY¿-∆- th-ZØ - n¬- A-¥n-am-Nm-cy-s\- kw-_\ - v[n-®v- ]-d™
- Xv-
C-ß-s\-bm-Wv-:- "A-√-tbm- P-\-ß-tf,- \n-߃- _-lp-am-\- ]p-c- -cw-
{i-≤n-°p-I.- kv-Xp-Xy¿-l-\m-b-h≥- (\-cm-iw-k)- hm-gv-Ø-s∏-Spw.- A-
dp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn- sXm-Æq-dv- i-{Xp-°-fp-sS- a-[y-Øn¬-\n-∂v- \mw-
A-t±-l-sØ- kzo-I-cn-°pw.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- hm-l-\w- C-cp-]-Xv-
B¨-s]¨- H-´-I-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- a-lXzw- kz¿-
K-tem-Iw- h-sc-sb-Øn- A-Xn-s\- Xm-gv-Øp-w.- A-h≥- am-am- Ejn°v-
]-Øv- N-Xp-c-ß-fpw- \q-dv- kz¿-W- \m-W-b-ß-fpw- ap-∂q--dv- A-d-_n-°p-
Xn-c-I-fpw- ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-°-fpw- \¬-Ipw'.- (A-Y¿-h-th-Zw- hnw-
38
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
i-Im-WvU-w- kq-Iv-Xw- 27 t«m-Iw- 1˛3)-
A-hXm-c- X-Xz-Øn¬- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂- ssl-µ-h-cm-I-s´- A-h-
km-\-sØ- A-h-Xm-c-am-b- I¬-°n-bp-sS- B-K-a-\w- {]-Xo-£n-®v- I-gn-
bp-Ib - m-Wv.- - hn-jvW- p-]p-cm-WØ- n-epw- I-¬° - n- ]p-cm-WØ - n-epw- alm-
`m-Kh- X- Ø
- n-ep-sa-√mw- I¬-°n-sb-∏‰- n- {]-Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.- C-cp-fn-s≥d-
Np-cp-fn¬-\n-∂v- hn-iz-sØ- hn-tam-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- I¬-°n- im-¥n- kp-µ-
c-am-b- H-cp- tem-IØ - n-s≥-d- D-Zb- h
- p-am-bm-Wv- {]-Xy-£s - ∏-SpI-sb∂m-
Wv- hn-izm-kw.- I-e-n-bp-K-Øn-s≥-d- ]m-c-ay-Øn¬- a-W-em-c-Wy-Øn¬-
P-\n-°p-∂- I-¬-°n-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv- P-\-\-Øn-\-v ap-ºpw- a-m-Xm-hv- P-\n
®v- A¬-]w- I-gn-™pw- ]-c-tem-Iw- ]p¬-Ipw.- a-e-bn¬-sh-®v- hn-Zy-
kzo-I-cn-°p-∂- I¬-°n- X-s≥-d- \m-ep-Iq-´m-fn-I-tfm-sSm-∏w- A-[¿-a-
sØ-- \-in-∏n-°pw.- I¬-°n-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]-cv- hn-jv-Wp-`-K-Xv-
F-∂pw- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]-cv- kp-a-Xn- F-∂p-am-bn-cn-°pw.....- I¬-°n-
sb-°p-dn-®p-≈- hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬- Nn-e-Xm-W-n-h.-
ssl-µh - - k-tlm-Zc - ß
- ƒ- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- A-hkm-\s - Ø- B-
Nm-cy-s\- Im-Øn-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-[¿-a-sØ- \-in-∏n-®v- [¿-a-
sØ- kw-kv-Ym-]n-°m-\m-bn- H-´-I-ß-fp-sS- \m´n-¬-\n-∂v- h-cp-∂- A-
¥n-am-Nm-cy-s\.-
-a-lm-\m-b- ssZ-h-Zq-X≥--
]-Xn-\m-ev- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-º-sØ- A-td-_y-bp-sS Nn-{Xw-
h-f-sc- C-cp-≠-Xm-Wv.- D-b¿-∂- \n-e-bv-°p-≈- bm-sXm-cp- \m-K-cn-I-X-
bp-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂- A-hn-sS- ]m-T-im-e-I-tfm- a-‰v- hn-Zym-`ym-k- kv-Ym-]-
\-ßtfm- {K-\vY - i- m-eI - t- fm- H-∂pw-Xs - ∂- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- a-Zy-Øn¬-
ap-ßn-°n-S-∂n-cp-∂p- A-∂-sØ- k-aq-lw.- X-s≥-d- i-h-i-co-cw- ap-¥n-
cn-h≈
- n-bp-sS- Np-h´- n¬- Ip-gn-®n-´m¬- {Z-hn-°p-∂- F-√p-Iƒ-°v- ho™n-
s≥-d- a-Øv- e-`n-°p-a-t√m-sb-∂v- ]m-Sn-b- Atd-_y≥- I-hn-bp-sS- h-cn-
Iƒ,- {]-kvX - p-X- k-aq-lw- F-{X-tØm-fw- a-Zym-kI - vX- c
- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v-
hy-IXv- a
- m-°p-∂p-≠v.- \m-cn-am-cps-S- \-K\ v- X- m- hn-hc- W
- a - m-bn-cp-∂p- A∂-
sØ- I-hn-XI - f- p-sS- {]-[m-\s - ∏-´- D-≈S- ° - w- .- s]-Æn-\p-th-≠n- F¥pw-
sN-øm≥- a-Sn-°m-Ø- k-aq-l-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-Xv.- \-Kv-\-Xm-{]-Z¿-i-\w-
\-S-Øp-∂-Xn¬- kv-{Xo- ]p-cp-j-t`-Z-a-t\y- bm-sXm-cp- k-t¶mN-hp-a-
39
k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
h¿-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- I-Av-_m-e-b-sØ- kv-{Xo-I-fpw- ]p-cp-j-∑m-cp-
sa-√mw- \-Kv-\-cm-b-n-s°m-≠m-Wv- {]-Z-£n-Ww- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂-Xv.-
I-e-l-ß-fpw- sIm-e-]m-X-I-ß-fpw- B- k-aq-l-Øn¬- k¿-∆-
km-[m-cW - a - mb-nc
- p-∂p.- tKm-{X-hg-°p-If - n-√m-Ø- Zn-hk- ß- ƒ- Xp-temw-
hn-c-f-am-bn-cp-∂p.- a-\p-jy¿- a-\p-jy-sc- \n-jv-Tq-cw- h-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬-
bm-sXm-cp- sX-‰pw- A-h¿- I-≠n-cp-∂n-√.- i-Iv-X¿- A-i-Iv-X-sc- h-[n-
°p-I-bpw- sIm-≈-b-Sn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I- km-[m-c-W-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
tKm-{X-a-ln-a-bn¬- A-`n-am-\w-sIm-≠n-cp-∂- A-d-_n-Iƒ-°v- tKm-{X-
Øn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- sIm-√p-I-bpw- sIm-√-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-Xn¬-
bm-sXm-cp- ssh-a\ - ky-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-hc - p-sS- B-cm-[y- hkv-
Xp-°-fm-I-s´- in-em-_nw-_-ß-fp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- {kjv-Sm-hpw- kw-c-£-
I-\p-am-b- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- A-kv-Xn-Xzw- A-h¿- AwKo--I-cn-®n-cp-∂p-
sh-¶n-epw- A-h-\n-te-°v- t\-cn-´v- A-Sp-°p-I- A-km-[y-am-b-Xn-\m¬-
C-S-bm-f-∑m-sc- kzo-I-cn-°p-I-sb-∂- X-Xz-am-Wv- A-h¿- A-w-Ko-I-cn-
®n-cp-∂X- v.- Cu- C-Sb - m-f∑- m-cn¬- a-lm-Xva
- m-°ƒ- ap-X¬- hn-{K-lß - ƒ-
h-sc-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- I-√p-Iƒ-°v- ap-∂n-em-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿- \-a-kv-
°-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.-
ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d- P-\-\w-
C-Øc - s
- am-cp- k-apZm-bØ- n-em-Wv- ap-lΩ
- Z- v- P-\n-°p-∂X - v.- - a°-
bn-se- Jp-ssd-iv- tKm-{X-Øn-se- lm-inw- Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬- A-_v-Zp-√-
(ssZ-h-Zm-k≥-)-˛B-an-\- (hn-iz-kv-X)- Z-º-Xn-am-cp-sS- a-I-\m-bn-´m-bn-
cp-∂p- At±-l-Øn-s≥-d- P-\-\w.- A-t±-lw- P-\n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºp-
Xs∂- ]n-Xm-hpw- G-gp-hb -  
- p-≈t- ∏mƒ- am-Xm-hpw- a-cW - s- ∏-´X
- n-\m¬-
Xn-I-®pw- A-\m-Y-\m-bn-´m-Wv- A-t±-lw- h-f¿-∂-Xv.- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d- a-c
W-ti-jw- ]n-Xm-a-l-\m-b- A-_v-Zp¬- ap-Ø-en_-v- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d-
kw-c-£-Ww- Gs‰-Sp-Øp.- A¬-]-Im-e-Øn-\p-ti-jw- A-t±-l-hpw-
a-c-W-s∏-´-Xn-\m¬- ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-c-\m-b- A-_q-Xzm-en-_n-s≥-d- kwc-
£-W-Øn-em-Wv- ]n-∂o-S-t±-lw- h-f¿-∂-Xv.- C-cp-]-Øn-b-©m-a-sØ-
h-b-kn¬- A-t±-lw- \m¬-]-Xp-Im-cn-bm-b- J-Zo-P- (d)-sb- hn-hm-lw-
sN-bv-Xp.-
C-ß-s\- A-\m-Y-\mb-n- P-\n-®v- A-\m-Y-\m-bn- h-f¿-∂- ap-lΩ-
Zm-Wv- tem-Iw- ap-gp-h≥- Im-Øp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂,- {]-hm-N-I-∑m¿- ap-gp-
40
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

h-≥- {]-h-Nn-®- a-lm-\m-b- A-¥n-a- {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn-Øo¿-∂-Xv.- c-≠pw- H-tc- ]-Z-[m-Xp-hn¬-\n-∂p-≠m-b- \m-a-߃- X-s∂-!-
Aßs\- B-h¿-Ø\ - - ]p-kvX- I
- Ø
- n-(33:-2)-se- {]-hN- \ - Ø
- n-s≥-d- ]q¿- N-cn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- sX-fn-®w-
Øo-I-c-W-am-bn.- ko-\-bn¬-\n-∂pw- h-∂- tam-si-bp-sS-bpw- tk-bo
A-hk - m-\s - Ø- {]-hm-NI - \
- m-Wv- ap-lΩ - Z- v- (k).- A-Xp-sIm≠p-
dn¬- D-Zn-®- tb-ip-hns‚--bpw- ]n≥-Km-an-bm-b- ssZ-h-Zq-X≥- ]m-dm≥-
X-s∂- A-t±-lw- A-h-km-\-sØ- a-\p-jy≥-h-sc-bp-≈- k-I-e¿°pw-
]¿-∆-X-Øn-s≥-d- \m-Sm-b- A-td-_y-bn¬-\n-∂v- tem-I-Øn-\v- ap-gp-h-
am-Xr-I-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww.- A-Xn-\p-th-≠n- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- Po-hn-Xw-
\p-am-bn- {]-Im-in-®p.-
ap-gp-h≥- tc-Js - ∏-Sp-Øs - ∏-´n-cn-°W - w.- A-s√-¶n¬- A-t±-lØ - n-\v- ti
a-W-em-c-Wy-Øn¬-\n-∂v- h-cp-∂- I¬-°n-sb-∂- [¿-Ω- kv-Ym- jw- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ- I-g-n-™v- Po-hn-°p-∂- a-\p-jy¿- tam-£-Øn-s≥-d-
]-I-s\-°p-dn-®- {]-Xo-£-bpw- H-´-I-Øn-s≥-d- \m-´n¬-\n-∂v- D-b¿-Ø- am¿-Kw- ]n≥-]‰- p-∂s - X-ßs - \?- A-t±-ls - Ø- ]n-¥p-Sc - p-∂s - X-ßs - \?-
s∏-Sp-∂- \-cm-iw-ks - \-°p-dn-®- {]-hN - \
- h
- pw- ap-lΩ - Z- n-(k)¬- ]q¿Øo-
A-Z`v- p-Xw-!- ap-lΩ- Z- v- \-_n- (k)-bp-sS- ap-gp-Po-hn-Xh - pw- B¿°pw-
I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- "\-cm-w-i-k'sb-∂m¬- kv-Xp-Xn-°-s∏-´-h≥-
hm-bn-°m≥- ]-‰p-∂-hn-[-Øn¬- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p- A-√,-
F∂¿-∞w-!- "ap-lΩ - Z- v'- F-∂- A-d_ - n- ]-ZØ- n-\v- Xp-ey-am-b- kw-kvIr-
A-t±-l-Øn-t≥-d-Xp-t]m-se- Po-hn-X-Øn-se- sN-dp-Xpw- h-ep-Xp-am-b-
X-]-Zw-!- `-hn-jy¬-]p-cm-W-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬- "a-lm-a-Zv'- F-∂- Ad_n-
ap-gp-kw-`-h-ß-fpw- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´- H-cp- a-\p-jy-\pw- am-\-h- N-cn
\m-aw- X-s∂-bm-Wv- {]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- I-¬-°n-bp-sS- A-\m-Y-
{X-Øn-ep-≠-m-bn-t´-bn-√.- ap-ºp-≈- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cm-cp-w-X-s∂- tc-J-
Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®v- ]-d™ - - Im-cy-߃- ap-lΩ - Z- v- (k)-bp-sS- Po-hn-XØ
- n¬-
s∏-Sp-Øs - ∏-Sp-∂- N-cn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- `m-Ka - m-bn-´n-√.- {In-kvX - p-hpw- Irjv-
\mw- Im-Wp-∂p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]-cv- A-_v-Zp-√-sb-
W-\pw- Po-hn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-∂p- ]-d-bm≥- ]-e¿-°pw- A-h-kc-ap-≠m-
∂pw- am-Xm-hn-s≥-d- t]-cv- B-an-\-sb-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m.-*
°n-bX - v,- N-cn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- Zr-jvS- n-bn¬- A-hc - p-sS-sb-√mw- A-kvX - nXzw-
k-I-e- k-Xy-Øn-te-°pw- h-gn- \-S-Øp-∂-Xn-\v- I-S-∂p-h-cm-\n- kw-i-bm-kv-]-Z-am-b-Xm-Wv.-
cn-°p-∂- k-lm-b-I-s\-°p-dn-®- tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-hpw- C-hn-sS-
F-∂m-¬- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(k)-s≥-d- A-h-kv-Y- X-n-I-®pw- `n-∂-am-Wv.-
]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xm-bn- \mw- Im-Wp-∂p.- k-lm-b-I≥- F-∂v-
"ap-l-Ω-Zv- N-cn-{X-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-Æ-am-b- {]-Im-i-Øn-em-Wv- P-\n-®-
]-cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv "]-m-c-¢n-t‰m-kv'- F-∂- {Ko-°v- **]-
sX'∂- ^-n-en-∏v- ln-‰n-bp-sS- {]-kv-Xm-h-\- X-s∂- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d-
Z-am-Wv.- ]m-c-¢n-t‰m-kn-\v- i-_v-Z-km-Zr-iy-ap-≈- ]-Z-am-Wv- s]-cn-¢o-‰-
Ncn-{X-]-c-X-bv-°p-≈- hy-Iv-X-am-b- AwKo-Im-c-am-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- Po-hn-
kvv.- kv-Xp-Xn-°-s∏-´-Xv- F-∂¿∞-w.- A-l-va-Zv- F-∂- A-d-_n- ]Z-Øn-\v-
Xp-ey-am-Wn-Xv.- ap-l-Ω-Zn-- (k)-s≥-d- a-s‰m-cp- t]cm-bn-cp-∂p- A-lv-a-Zv.- ®n-cp-∂n-s√-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- B¿-°pw- ss[-cyw- h-cm-Xn-cn-°p-am-dv- i-Iv-
X-hpw- hy-Iv-X-hp-am-Wv- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- N-cn-{Xw.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-
* - s sh- j v - W - h - a- X - { ]- I m- c w- G- I - s sZ- h - Ø n- s ≥- d - t]- c m- W v - hn- j v - W p.- Xs∂- A-h-km-\- \m-fp-h-sc-bp-≈- ap-gp-h≥- a-\p-jy¿-°pw- am-Xr-I-
hn-jv-Wp- `-K-Øv- F-∂m¬- ssZ-h-Zm-k≥- F-∂¿-∞w-;- kp-a-Xn- F-∂m¬-
hn-iz-kv-X-sb-∂pw,- A-_v-Zp-√,- B-an-\- Xp-S-ß-n-b- A-d-_n-t]-cp-Iƒ-°v-
bm-Ip-hm≥- tbm-K-y-X-bp-≈- G-I- {]-hm-N-I≥- A-t±-l-am-Wv.-
G-I-tZ-iw- k-am-\-am-b- \m-a-ß-fm-Wn-h.-
** tbip- kw-km-cn-®- A-c-am-b- `m-j-bn-e-√- A-t±-l-sØn-s≥-d- h-N-\-߃- hn-iz-kv-X≥-
tc-J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- {Ko-°n-em-Wv.- s]-cn-¢o-‰-kv- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn-\v- A-\m-Y-\m-b- ap-l-Ω-Zv- A--∂v- A-td-_y-bn¬- e-`y-am-bn-cp-∂-
Xp-ey-am-b- A-c-am-b-]-Zw- tb-ip D-]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-hm-\pw- {Ko-°n-te-°v-
kw-c-£-W-߃-X-s∂- e-`n-°m-sX-bm-Wv- h-f¿-∂p-h-∂-Xv.- hn-Zym-
`m-jm-¥-c-w- sN-ø-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- ]m-c-¢n-t‰m-kv- F-∂m-bn- a-dn-b-Xp-am-Im-\m-Wv-
km-[y-X.- ss_-_nƒ- ]-I-¿-Øn-sb-gp-Øp-Im¿- C-Ø-cw- Ip-sd- sX-‰p-Iƒ- `ymkw- A¬-]w-t]m-epw- e-`n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬- F-gp-Øpw- hm-b-\-bp-
h-cp-Øn-b-Xn-\v- ss_-_n-fn¬-X-s∂- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.- C°m-cyw- ss_-_nƒ- a-dn-bm-Ø-h-\m-bn-´m-Wv- A-t±-lw- Po-hn-®-Xv.- Ip-´n-°m-e-Øv- A-d_n-
]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv.- °p-´n-I-tfm-sSm-∏-w- B-Spta-bv-°p-I-bpw- bp-hm-hm-b-t∏mƒ- I-®-h-S-
41 42
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

Øn-te¿-s∏-Sp-Ibpw- sN-bv-X- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d- Po-hn-X-hpw- k-l-hmk- A-Pv-R-Xm-\v-[-Im-c-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- A-I-∂v- P-\-hm-k-kv-Y-e-ß-fn¬-

hp-sa-√mw- km-[m-c-W-°m-cm-b- A-d-_n-I-fp-sS- Iq-sS-X-s∂-bm-bn- \n∂v- Zq-sc-\n¬-°p-∂- "ln-dm'-sb-∂- ]¿-h-X-Kp-l-°p-≈n¬- Zn-h-k-
cp∂p.- I-≈v- Ip-Sn-b-∑m-cpw- s]-Æv- ]n-Sn-b-∑m-cpw- bp-≤-s°m-Xn-b- ß-tfm-fw- Xm-a-kn-°p-∂p.- A-hn-Sp-sØ- im-¥-hpw- G-Im-¥-hp-am-b-
∑mcpw- hn-{K-lm-cm-[-I-cp-am-b- A-d-_-n-I-fp-sS- Iq-sS.- Np-‰p-]m-Sn¬- Nn-¥m-aK - v\
- m-bn- ]-e- cm-{Xn-If - pw- I-gn-®p-Iq-´p-∂p.- GIm-
F-∂m¬- A-hc - p-sS- Zp-kz-`m-hß
- s - fm-∂pw- Xs∂- A-t±-lØ - n- ¥- Po-hn-X-an-jv-S-s∏-´- A-t±-lw- `-£-Ww- X-øm-dm-°n-s°m-≠- v- Kp-l-
ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- H-cn-°¬-t]m-epw- hn-{K-l-߃-°v- ap-∂n¬- bn-se-Øp-∂p.- I-øn¬- I-cp-Xn-b- `-£W - ] - Z- m¿-∞ß - ƒ- Xo-cp-tºmƒ-
At±lw- \{a-in-c-kv-I-\m-bn-cp-∂n-´n-√-.- I-f-thm,- A-k-`y-hm-°p-I- ho´n-se-Øn- ho-≠pw- `-£-Ww- X-øm-dm-°n- a-Sßp-∂p.- Xn-I-™- G-
tfm- A-t±-lØ - n¬-\n-∂pw- B-cpw- {i-hn-®n-´n-√.- H-cn-°s - e-¶n-epw- At±- Im¥- Po-hn-Xw-!-
lw- I-f-thm- h-©-\-tbm- sN-bv-X-Xm-bn- B-cpw- B-tcm-]n-®n-´n-√.- kz- H-cp-Zn-hk- w- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- G-Im-¥X - s
- b- `-RvP - n-®p-sIm≠v-
t_m-[w- h-∂-ti-jw- A-t±-l-sØ- B-cp-w-X-s∂- \-Kv-\-\m-bn- I-≠n- H-cp- A-]-cn-Nn-X≥- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´p.-
´n-√.- A-\y-cp-sS- H-cp- Im-ip-t]m-epw- A-t±-lw- A-\ym-b-am-bn- F-Sp- {]-Xy-£-s∏-´- hy-Iv-Xn- B-h-iy-s∏-´p:- "Hm-Xp-I-
Øp-sh-∂v- B-cpw- ]-d-™n-´n-√.- Zpx-Jn-°p-∂-h-tcm-sSm-∏w- ]-¶p-tN-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- {]-Xn-h-Nn-®p:- "F-\n-°v- Hm-Xm-\-dn-bn-√-t√m'-
cp-∂- {]-Ir-X-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂- A-t±-lw,- A-\m-Y-I-sf-bpw- A-K-Xn-
I-sf-bpw- k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬- ap≥-]-¥n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t±-lw- A-]c - n-Nn-Xs - ≥-d- B-Ka - \
- h - pw- tNm-Zy-hpw- tI-´v- A-ºc - ∂- p-\n¬-
hn-[-h-I-fp-sS- {]-iv-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®-dn-™v- k-lm-bn-°m-\m-bn- {]-b- °p-∂- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s\- A-t±-lw- am-tdm-Sv- tN¿-Ø-n- i-Iv-Xn-bm-bn- Aa¿-
Xv\- n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- hn-i° - p-∂h - ¿-°v- `-£W - w- \¬-Im-\pw- bm{X- Øn-s°m-≠v- ho-≠pw- I¬-]n-®p-:- "Hm-Xp-I'-
°m-sc- ip-{iq-jn-°m-\pw- {i-an-®p.- P-\-߃-°n-S-bn¬- i-Wv-T-bpw- a-p-l-Ω-Z-v B-h¿-Øn-®p-:- "F-\n-°v- Hm-Xm-\-dn-bn-√t√m'-
kw-L´- \ - ß
- f- p-ap-≠m-hp-tºmƒ- k-\[ v- n-°pw- tbm-Pn-∏n-\pw-th-≠n- A- ho-≠pw- am-tdm-Sv- tN¿-Ø-a¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- B-K-X≥- ]d™p-
t±-lw- ]-cn-{i-an-®p.- sIm-Sp-Ø- h-N\ - ß - ƒ,- ap-lΩ - Z- v- Hm-Xm≥- XpS-ßn.- "kr-jvS- n-®h - \
- mb-
F-√m-hn-[- am-en-\y-ß-fp-sS-bpw- Iq-Ø-c-ßm-b- B- k-aq-l- \n-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hn-s≥-d- \m-a-Øn¬- Hm-Xp-I.- a-\p-jy-s\- A-h≥-
Øn¬- A-Ø-cw- bm-sXm-cp- am-en-\y-hpw- sXm-´p-Xo-≠m-Ø-h-\m-bn- {`q-W-Øn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \o- Hm-Xp-I.- t]-\ -sIm-≠v-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- Po-hn-®p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- Cu- \-√- k-z-`m-hß-sf-sb-√mw- ]-Tn-∏n-®-h-\m-b- \n-s≥-d- c-£n-Xm-hv- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- Hu-Zm-cy-hm-\m-
k-aq-lw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®p.- P-\-߃- X-ß-fp-sS- hn-e-]n-Sn-∏p-≈- km-[- Ip- ∂ p.- a\p- j y- \ v - A- d n- b m- Ø - X v - A- h ≥- ]- T n- ∏ n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ p'-
\-߃- sIm-≠p-h-∂v- kq-£n-°m≥- sIm-Sp-°m≥- am-{Xw- A-t±-l- (Jp¿B≥- 96:-1˛5)-
Øn-s≥-d- hn-iz-kv-X-X-bn¬- A-h¿-s°-√mw- h-en-b- a-Xn-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.- A-hk - m-\s - Ø- th-Z{- K-\Y -v Ø- n-te°m-bn- A-hX - c
- n-°s - ∏-´- BZy-
ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥-d- k-Xy-k-\v-[-X-bv-°p-≈ Aw-Ko-Im-c-sa-t∂m-Ww- B- sØ- h-N\ - ß - f - m-bn-cp-∂p- C-h.- a-eb - n¬-sh-®v- hn-Zy- kzo-Ic - n-°p-∂-
k-aq-lw- "A¬- A-ao-≥-'-˛hn-iz-kv-X≥- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- A-t±-l-sØ- I¬-°n- k-¶¬-]Ø - n-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-Ic - W
- w- \-ap-°v- ap-lΩ - Zn-(k)-∂v-
hn-fn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.- ssZ-hn-It_m-[\ - w- e-`n-®- kw-`h - Ø- n¬- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-∂p.-

ssZ-hn-I-t_m-[-\w- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-s≥-d- B-cw-`w-

\m¬-]-Xma-sØ- h-b- p-h-sc- F-√m- A¿-∞-Øn-epw- hn-in- ap-l-Ω-Zv- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X-\pw- A-¥n-a- {]h-m-N-I-\p-am-bn-
jv-S-am-b- Po-hn-Xw- \-bn-®- ap-l-Ω-Zv- (k),- X-s≥-d- k-aq-l-Øn-ep-≈- \n-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-´p.- k-Xy-a-X-Øn-s≥-d- ]-c-ky-{]-t_m-[-\-Øn-\v-
43 44
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

XpS°w- Ip-dn-°m≥- A-t±-lw- I¬-]n-°-s∏-´p.- k-^m- a-e-°p-ap-I- Zm-¿-Vyw- {]-I-Sn-∏n-®p.-

fn¬- I-b-dn-\n-∂v- X-s≥-d- tKm-{X-Øn-se- Ip-Spw-_- im-J-I-fn¬- s]-´- C-∂-se-h-sc- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- kv-t\-lm-Z-c-hp-Iƒ-°v- ]m-{X-
h-sc- t]-sc-Sp-Øv- hn-fn-°m≥- Xp-S-ßn.- A¬- A-ao-\n-s≥-d- hn-fn-tI´v- am-bn-cp-∂- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(k)-s\- {]-]-©-Øn-se- G-‰-hp-w- h-en-b- bm-
A-h-sc-√m-h-cpw- k-k-t¥m-jw- ]m-s™-Øn.- Ym¿-∞yw- ]-d-™p-sh-∂-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- \m-´p-Im¿- sh-dp-Øp.- k-
A-h-tcm-Sv- A-t±-lw- tNm-Zn-®p-:- ""Cu- a-e-bp-sS- F-Xn¿-h-iØv- Xy-k-\v-[-\m-bn-cp-∂- ap-l-Ω-Zv-,- k-aq-l-sØ- t\¿-h-gn-bn-te-°v- \-bn-
H-cp- h-en-b- A-iz-tk-\- \n-ßs - f- B-{I-an-°m-\m-bn- k-PP v- c
- mbn \n¬- °m≥- \n-tbm-Kn-°s∏-´p-sh-∂- G-I- Im-c-W-Øm¬- {`m-¥-s\-∂pw-
°p-∂p-sh-∂v- Rm≥- ]-d-™m¬- \n-ß-f-Xv- hn-iz-kn-°p-tam?''- am-cW-°m-c-s\-∂pw- hn-f-n-°-s∏-´p.- A-t±-lw- I-s√-Sp-sØ-dn-b-s∏-
A-h¿ - - H-tc-kz-cØ
- n¬- ]-d™ - p.- "Xo¿-®b - m-bpw.- Im-cW - w- CXn- ´p.- a¿-±n-°-s∏-´p.- ar-Ko-b-am-b- B-{I-a-W-߃-°v- hn-t[-b-am-°-s∏-
\p-ap-ºv- \o- I-f-hv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bn- R-ß-fm-cpw- tI-´n-´n-√-t√m'- ´p.- At±-l-sØ- h-[n-°m-\m-bn- Kq-Vm-tem-N-\- \-S-Ø-s∏-´p.-
A¬- A-ao≥- Xp-S¿-∂p-:- "F-¶n¬- a-cW - m-\¥ - c - - Po-hn-XØ - ns≥d- A-t±-lw- {]-t_m-[-\w- sN-bv-X- X-Xz-߃- kzo-I-cn-®-h-cn¬-
th-Z-\m-P-\-I-am-b- in-£-sb-°p-dn-®v- Rm-\n-Xm- \n-߃-°v- ap-∂-dn- ]-e-cpw- arKo-b-am-bn- h-[n-°-s∏-´p.- kz-h-k-Xn-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- ]p-d-
bn-∏v- \¬-Ip-∂p.- {k-jv-Sm-hpw- G-I-\p-am-b- A-√m-lp- am-{X-am-Wv- B- Øm-°-s∏--´p.- a-‰p-Nn-e¿-°v- C-W-I-sf- \-jv-S-s∏-´p.- hn-izm-kn-I-fp-
cm-[-\-Iƒ-°v- A¿-l≥.- A-h-s\- am-{Xw- \n-߃- B-cm-[n-°p-Ibpw- sS- k-aq-lw- _-ln-jv-°-cn-°-s∏-´p.- sh-dpw- ]-®n-e-Iƒ- am-{Xw- Xn-∂v-
_-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-sb- h¿-Pv-Pn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I'.- Po-h-≥- \n-e-\n¿-Øn-b- Zn-\-cm-{X-߃- I-gn-™p-t]m-bn.- F-∂n-´pw-
P-\w- sR-´n.- X-ß-fp-sS- ]n-Xm-°-fp-sS- hn-izm-k-߃-s°-Xn- k-Xy- a- X
- Ø - n-s≥-d- k-tµ-i{- ]-Nm-cW- Ø- n¬-\n-∂v- A-t±-lw- ]n-t∂m´v-
cm-b- kw-K-Xn-I-fm-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv.- X-ß-fp-sS- F-√m-sa-√m- t]m-bn-√.- A-hk - m-\w- kz-¥w- hn-izm-kw- kw-c£ - n-°p-∂X - n-\p-th≠n,-
am-b- ssZ-h-ß-sf-sb-√mw- I-søm-gn-°m-\m-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- B-Pv-Rm-]n- A-X-\p-k-cn-®v- Po-hn-°p-hm≥- A-h-k-cw- e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n,-
°p-∂X - v.- C-∂s - e-hs
- c- X-ßf - p-sS-sb-√mw- {]n-b¶ - c
- \
- m-bn-cp-∂- aplΩ- s]‰p-h-f¿-∂- \m-Spw- ho-Spw- hn-´v- Zq-c-tZ-i-tØ-°v- ]-em-b-\w- sNtø-
Zn-s\- D-t]-£n-°-W-tam- ]n-Xr-k-º-Øm-bn- e-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂- hn-izm- ≠n-h-∂p,- A-t±-l-Øn-\v.-
kß-sf- I-søm-gn-°W - t- am?- F-¥m-Wv- th-≠s - X-∂v- A-h¿- Nn-¥n®p.- A-{I-a-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- a¿-±-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- am¿-K-߃- am-{X-a-√
F-ßpw- \n-»-_v-Z-X.- {]-Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ- A-t±-l-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- {]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv.- `o-j-Wn-I-f-p-
Cu- \n-»-_v-Z-X-sb- t`-Zn-®p-sIm-≠v- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(k)-s≥-d- ]n-Xr- sS-bpw- G-j-Wn-I-fp-sS-bpw- am¿-K-߃- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-∂v-
hy-cn¬- H-cm-fm-b- A-_q-el - _- n-s≥-d- i-_vZ- a- p-b¿-∂p-.- ""\n-\° - v- \mi- I-≠v- Jp-ssd-in-Iƒ- {]-tem-`\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- {]o-W-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw-
ap-≠m-h-s´-!- C-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p-thm- \o- R-ß-sf- hn-fn-®v- ]mX-bpw- ]-co-£n-®p-t\m-°n.-
Iq-´n-b-Xv?''- k-aq-lØ - n-se- t\-Xm-°s - f-√mw-Iq-Sn- H-cp- Zn-hk
- w- \-_n-bpsS-
A-Sp-°¬- sN-∂v- A-t±-l-sØ- h-io-I-cn-°m-\m-bn- {i-an-®p.- A-h¿-
]o-U-\-߃-!- {]tem-`-\-߃-!- ]-d™ - p-:- "\o- k-ºØ - m-Wv- sIm-Xn-°p-∂s - X-¶n¬- B-hi - y-ap-≈- [\w-
A-¥n-a- {]-hm-N-I-t\m-Sp-≈- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- F-Xn¿-∏n-s≥-d- R-߃- X-cmw.- A-[n-Im-c-am-Wv- B-{K-ln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬- Cu- {]-tZ-
D-ZvL
- m-S\- a
- mb-nc
- p-∂p- A-_q-el - _
- v- \n¿-hl - n-®X - v.- ap-lΩ - Z- n-(k)-s≥d- i-sØ- cm-Pm- h - m-bn- \n-s∂- R-߃- hm-gn-°mw.- ku-µc - y-am-Wv- tamln-
dp-Jn-ø,- D-Ωp-Ip¬-kpw- F-∂o- ]p-{Xn-am-sc- hn-hm-lw- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂- °p-∂-sX-¶n¬- \n-\-°n-jv-S-s∏-´- kp-µ-cn-sb- hn-hm-lw- sN-øm-\p-
A-_q-el-_n-s≥-d- ]p-{X-∑m-cm-b- D-Xv_ - b
- pw- D-ssX-_b - pw- X-ßf - psS- ≈- A-h-k-c-ap-≠m-°n-Ø-cmw'.-
`m-cy-am-sc- hn-hm-lt- am-N\- w- sN-bXv- v- X-ßf- p-sS- ]n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- sFIy- B-cpw- ho-Wp-t]m-Ip-∂- hm-°p-Iƒ-!- B-in-®p-t]m-Ip-∂- {]tem-
45 46
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

`-\-߃-!- Hscm-‰-hm-°v- ]-d-™m¬- a-Xn.- Xm≥- Cu- {]-tZ-i-sØ- bp-sS-bpw- C-kv-em-am-t«-j-Ww- A-Wn-I-fn¬- B-th-i-hpw- D-W¿hp-
G‰-hpw- h-en-b- [-\-hm\m-Ipw.- \m-´p-Im¿- ap-gp-h≥- X-s≥-d- cm-P-[-m ap-≠m-°n.- "k-aq-lØ - n¬- `n-∂n-∏p-≠m-°p-∂'- ap-lΩ - Z- n-s\- h-[n-°m-
\n-bn-se-Øn- X-\n-°v- ]m-Zt- k-h- sN-øpw.- ku-µc - y-[m-aß - ƒ- X-\n°v- \m-bn- Du-cn-∏n-Sn-®- hm-fp-am-bn- C-d-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-´- D-a¿,- C-kv-emw-aX-
ap-∂n¬- \r-Ø-am-Spw.- hn-izmkn-bm-b- kz-k-tlm-Z-cn-bn¬-\n-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- h-N-\-߃- {i-
]-t£,- {]-hm-N-I≥- ]-d-™-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv-:- "A-[n-Im-c-tam- hn-®-t∏mƒ- "C-Xv- ssZ-h-h-N-\-a-√m-sX- a-s‰m-∂p-a-√'- F-∂v- B-Xv-a-K-
I-h¿-®- ap-X-tem- F-\n-°m-h-iy-an-√.- a-\p-jy¿-°p-≈- ap-∂-dn-bn-∏p- Xw- sN-øp-I-bpw- {]-hm-N-I-s\- sN-∂p-I-≠v- Ckv-em-am-t«-jn-°p-I-
Im-c-\m-bn-´m-Wv- ssZ-hw- F-s∂- \n-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-h-s‚-- bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.-
ktµ-ia - m-Wv- Rm≥- \n-߃-s°-Øn-®p-Xc - p-∂X- v.- A-Xv- kzo-Ic - n-°p- D-ad- n-s≥-db
- pw- lw-kb- p-sS-bpw- a-\w-am-‰t- Øm-Sp-Iq-Sn- a-\ 
- n¬-
∂-h¿-°v- C-lt- em-IØ - v- kp-Jh- pw- k-am-[m-\h- p-w- ]-ct- em-IØ - v- imiz- hn-izm-k-hp-am-bn- I-gn-™n-cp-∂- ]-e-cpw- ]-c-ky-am-bn- hn-izm-k-
X- hn-P-b-hpw- I-c-kv-Y-am-°mw.- ssZ-hn-I- k-tµ-iw- kzo-I-cn-°m-Ø- {]Jym-]-\w- \-S-Ø≥- k-∂-≤-cm-bn.- hn-d-fn- ]n-Sn-®- i-{Xp-°ƒ- ]q¿-
h¿-°n-S-bn¬- Xo¿-∏v- I¬-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Wv'.- hm-[n-Iw- i-Iv-Xn-tbm-sS- a¿-±-\-߃- A-gn-®p-hn-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.-
tKm-{X-Ø-e-h-∑m-cp-sS-bpw- ]u-c-{]-[m-\n-I-fp-sSbpw- \n¿-_-\v-
\o-N-am-b- a¿-±-\-ap-d-Iƒ-
[-Ø-n-\v- h-g-ßn- X-s≥-d- Zu-Xy-ap-t]-£n-°m≥- B-h-iy-s∏-´- kz¥w-
]n-Xr-hy-\m-b- A-_q-Xzm-en-_n-t\m-Sv- A-t±-lw- {]-Xn-h-Nn-®p-:- ""{]n-b- ar-K-ß-sf-t∏m-epw- \m-Wn-∏n-°p-∂- \o-N-am-b- a¿-±-\-ap-d-I-fm-
]n-Xr-hym,- h-e-Xp-I-øn¬- kq-cy-s\-bpw- C-S-Xp-I-øn¬- N-{µ-s\-bpw- bn-cp-∂p- k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- ap-kve - nw-Iƒ-s°-Xn-sc- A-gn-®n-hp-´n-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂-Xv-!-
A-h¿- sh-®p-X∂ - m¬-t]m-epw- Rm≥- F-s≥-d- Zu-Xy-\n¿-hl - W- Ø- n¬-
\n-∂v- ]n-∑m-dp-Ib- n-√.- H-∂p-In¬- Cu- ]-cn-{i-aw- k-^e - a- m-bn- ssZhnI- C-cp-ºv ]-gp-∏n-®v- ap≥-Zzm-cØ- n-eq-sS- Ip-Øn-°b - ‰- n- sIm-es
- Nø-
kw-Xr-]v-Xn- I-c-K-X-am-°p-I.- A-s√-¶n¬- B- {i-a-Øn-te¿-s∏-´p s∏-´- [o-c-h-\n-X- kp-a-ø-(d).-
sIm≠v- \-in-®p-t]m-hp-I.- c-≠n-sem-∂v- kw-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv- h-sc- Rm- Xo-sIm-≠v- I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw- D-cp-In-sbm-en-°p-∂- a-p-dn-hp-I-
\n-Xv- Xp-S-cp-I-X-s∂- sN-øpw''.- tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn- Np-´p-s]m-≈p-∂- a-W-en¬- In-S-Øp-I-bpw- ]n-∂o-Sv- FSp-
Øv- sh-≈-Øn¬- ap-°p-I-bpw- sN-ø-s∏-´psIm-≠n-cp-∂- A-Ωm-dp_v-
P-\w- k-Xy-Øn-te-°v- \p- bm-kn¿- (d).-
{]-tem-`-\-ß-fpw- {]o-W-\-ß-fpw- hn-e-t∏m-hp-I-bn-s√-∂v- a-\- ssI-Im- e
- p-Iƒ- N-ße - I- f- m¬- _-\v[ - n-°s - ∏-´v- Np-´p-s]m-≈p∂-
 n-em-°n-b- Jp-ssd-in-Iƒ- A-{I-a-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- a¿-±-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- a-cp-`p-an-bn¬- a-e¿-Øn-°n-S-Øn- a-m-d-Øv- a-e-t]m-ep-≈- I-√v- I-b-‰n-
am¿-Kw-Xs - ∂- ]n≥-Xp-Sc - m≥- Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- ]t£,- k-Xy-aX - Ø- n-te°v- sh-®v- a¿-±n-°-s∏-´-t∏m-gpw- ssZ-hw- G-I-\m-sW-∂v- D-ss®-kv-X-cw- {]-
Jym-]n-®- _n-em-ep-_v-\p- d-_m-lv- (d).-
P-\w- {]-h-ln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- A-h-cn¬- A-Sn-a-I-fpw- D-S-a-I-fp-ap-
≠m-bn-cp-∂p-;- ]-W° - m-cpw- ]-Wn-°m-cp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-;- I-dp-Øh - c- pw- C-ß-s\- F-{X-sb-{X- D-Zm-l-c-W-߃-!- k-Xy-a-X-Øn¬- hn-iz
sh-fp-Øh - c
- p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- ]utcm-ln-Xy-hpw- {]-am-Wn-Xz-hpw- krjv- kn-®p-sh-∂- Im-cW - Ø - m¬- am-{Xw- a¿-±n-°s - ∏-´h- c
- m-bn-cp-∂p- C-hsc-
Sn-®- th-en-s°-´p-Iƒ- t`-Zn-®v- k-Xym-t\z-jn-Is - f-√mw- k-Xy-am¿-KØ - n- √mw- X-s∂.-
se-Øn-t®¿-∂p.-
{]-hm-N-I-s‚- k-tµ-iw-
Jp-ssd-in-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-se- {]-ap-J-cpw- {]-K-Xv-`-cp-am-b- ]-e-cpw-
am-dn-Nn-¥n-°m≥- Xp-Sß - n.- i-IX v- c
- pw- [o-cc
- p-am-b- D-ad- n-s≥-db- pw- lwk- C-sX-√mw- F-¥n-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p?-
47 48
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-da- m-c-
I-bn-√'.- C-Xm-Wv- {]-hm-N-I- {]-t_m-[-\-Øn-s≥- [X m-\v-\
-Ø-®n-p-sc≥-p-d°
- Zq-w-X!- ≥-

ar-Ko-b-am-bn- a¿-±n-°-s∏-Sm-\pw- \m-´n¬-\n-∂pw- A-Sn-t®m-Sn-°-

s∏-Sm-\pw- am-{Xw- F-¥v- sX-‰m-bn-cp-∂p- B- {]-hm-N-I≥- sN-bv-X-Xv?-
k-aq-l-Øn¬-\n-∂v- _-ln-jv-°-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥-am-{Xw- F-¥v- X-Xz-ß-
fmWv- A-t±-lw- {]-t_m-[-\w- sNbv-X-Xv?-
"kq-cy- N-{µ- \-£-{Xm-Zn-I-fpw- `q-an-bn-se- A-tN-X-\-hpw- ktN-
X-\-hp-am-b- k-I-e- h-kv-Xp-°-fpw- kr-jv-Sn-®-h-\m-b- ssZ-hw- G-I-
\m-Wv.- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-\v- A-\p-Ip-e-am-b- km-l-N-cy-߃- krjv-
Sn-°p-I-bpw- hm-bp-hpw- sh-≈-hpw- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- B-lm-c-߃-°m-
h-iy-am-b- kw-hn-[m-\ß - ƒ- G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ib - pw- sN-bX v- ,- G-hs
P-\n-∏n-°p-I-bpw- Po-hn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- a-cn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂- B-
G-I-ssZ-h-Øn-\v- am-{X-sa- B-cm-[-\-I-f¿-∏n-°m-hq.- \n-߃- B-cm-
[n®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- hn-{K-l-ß-fpw- i-h-Ip-So-c-ß-fpw- ]p-Wym-Xv-
am-°-fp-sam-∂pw-X-s∂- B-cm-[-\-Iƒ-°¿-l-a-√.- A-h-sb- ap-gp-h≥-
ssI-sh-Sn-™v- G-I-\m-b- ssZ-h-sØ- am-{X-sa- B-cm-[n-°m-≥- ]m-Sp-
≈q.- A-h≥- F-s∂- Zq-X-\m-bn- sX-c-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.- F-s≥d-
I-S-a- ssZ-hn-I- k-tµ-iw- \n-߃-s°-Øn-®p-X-cn-I- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.-
F-\n-°v- e-`n-°p-∂- ssZ-hn-I- t_m-[\ - ß
- ƒ- Aw-Ko-Ic - n-°p-I- Fs≥d-
bpw- \n-ßf - p-sS-bpw- _m-[y-Xb - m-Ip-∂p.- ssZ-ht- Øm-Sv- `-b`- I
Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw- A-h≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂- k-tµ-i-߃- ]n-¥p-S-cp-I-
bpw- A-h≥- I¬-]n-°p-∂- hn-[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ- {]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw-
sN-øp-∂-h¿- hn-P-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- k-am-[m-\- k-ºq¿-Æ-am-b- H-cp-
`uXn-I- Po-hn-Xw- am-{X-a-√ im-iz-X-hpw- t¢-i-te-i-an-√m-Ø-Xp-am-b-
]-ct- em-I- Po-hn-Xw-Iq-Sn- A-h∂ - v- e-`n-°pw.- a-dn-®v,- B-cm-[\
h-kr-jv-Sn-Iƒ-°v- A¿-∏n-°p-I-bpw- ssZ-hn-I- k-tµ-i-ß-sf- Xr-W-
h¬-K-Wn-°p-I-bpw- A-h-s≥-d- hn-[n- hn-e-°p-I-sf- A-\p-k-cn-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-\v- A-Xym¿-Øn-bpw- A-c-£n-X-t_m-[-hpw-
kr-jvS- n-°p-∂- A-ka - m-[m-\w- C-lt- em-IØ - pw- im-iz-X- \-cI
]-ct- em-IØ- pw- {]-Xn-^e - a- m-bn- e-`n-°pw.- a-cW- m-\¥ - c - Po-hn-Xw- anYy-
bm-b- H-cp- k-¶¬-]-a-√.- kr-jv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv- A-dn-bn-®p-X-∂n-cn-°p∂-
A-Xn-al - Ø
- m-b- H-cp- b-mY - m¿-∞y-as - {X- A-Xv. kvY - e - I
- m-em-Xo-X\
k¿-∆-i-Iv-X-\m-bn-cn-°pw- B- tem-I-Øn-s≥-d- hn-[n-I¿-Øm-sh-∂-
Xn-\m¬- ip-]m¿-i-I-tfm- a-‰v- {]-tem-`-\-ß-tfm- A-hn-sS- hn-e-t∏mhp-
49
Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I≥-
{Iq-ca - m-b- a¿-±\
- ß
- f- n¬- {]-hm-NI
- s
- ≥-d- ho-cyw- tNm¿-∂p-t]m-
bn-√.- k-Xy-a-X- {]-t_m-[-\w- \n¿-Øn-sh-°m≥- A-t±-lw- Xo-cp-am-
\n-®n-√.- F-¥n-\-[n-Iw X-s∂- C-{X-sb-√mw- - a-¿-±n-®- B- k-aq-l-
Øns≥d- \-∑-°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- B- {]-hm-N-I≥- {]m¿-∞n-®Xv.-
AZ-v-`p-Xw!- G-sXm-cp- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- im-iz-X- t£-a-Øn-\p-th-≠n-
A-t±-lw- A-£o-W-w- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p-thm,- A-tX- k-aq-lw-X-s∂-
- cbpw- A-t±-ls - Ø- I-s√-Sp-sØ-dn-bp-tºmƒ-t]m-epw- B- Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥d-
{]-hm-NI - ≥- - X-s≥-d- k-ap-Zm-bØ- n-s≥-d- \-∑°
- p-th-≠n- {]m¿-∞n-°p-
I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- a¿-±n-°-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ- B- a¿-±n-X¿-°v- t\¿-am¿Kw- Im-
Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-ta-sb-∂v- {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂- Im-cp-Wy-Øn-\v- am\h-
N-cn-{X-Øn¬- th-sd- am-Xr-I-bp-t≠m?-
XzmC-^-n¬-sh-®m-Wv- kw-`-hw.- s]-‰p-h-f¿-∂- \m-´n¬,- k-Xy-
aX- k-tµ-iw- F-Øn-®p-sh-∂-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- a¿-±-\-߃-°v- hnt[-
b-am-°-s∏-´-t∏m-sg-√mw- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- Xm-ßpw- X-W-ep-am-bn- h¿-
Øn-®-Xv- ]n-Xr-hy≥- A-_q-Xzm-en-_pw- `m-cy- J-Zo-P-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
- vX- n- {]I- A-h¿- c-≠p-t]-cp-sS-bpw- a-c-Ww- A-t±-l-Øn-t\-‰- I-\-sØm-cp-
BLm-X-am-bn.-
Cu- A-h-k-c-Øn-em-Wv- Ip-Spw-_-°m-cm-b- k-Jo-^v- tKm-{X-
Øn-s≥-d- k-lm-b-hpw- tX-Sn- A-t±-lw- Xzm-C^n-se-Øn-b-Xv.- A-h-
tl-f-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- A-]-am-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂pw- A¬-]w- B-izm-kw-
- I- ƒ- ssZ- tX-Sn- X-ß-fp-sS- {]-tZ-i-sØ-Øn-b- _-\v-[p-hn-s\- Iq-Sp-X¬- A-h-
tl-fn-°p-I-bm-Wv- Xzm-C-^p-Im¿- sNbv-X-Xv.- X-s≥-d- Ip-Spw-_-°m¿
C-f-°n-hn-´- A-ßm-Sn-]n-t≈-cpw- du-Un-I-fpw- Iq-Sn- Iq-hn-hn-fn-®pw- ]p-
e-`yw- ]-d-™pw- ]-cn-l-kn-®pw- I-s√dn-™pw- A-t±-l-sØ- ]n¥p-
- h- mkw- S¿-∂p.- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]m-Z-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- ap-dn-th-‰v- tNm-c- hm¿-
s∂m-gp-In.-
X-f¿-∂v- Ip-g-ßn-b- A-t±-lw- \o-≠- aq-∂v- \m-gn-I- Zq-c-sØ-
- mb- Iq-hn-hn-fn-Iƒ-°pw- I-t√-dp-Iƒ-°pw-ti-jw- D-Øv_ - Ø- v- _n≥- d_o-
A-bp-sS- tXm-´-Øn¬- A-`-bw- tX-Sn.- A-hn-sS- \n-∂v- A-t±-lw- {]m¿-
∞n-®p:- "A-√m-lp-th- C-h¿-°v- \o- k-∑m¿-§w- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°-
50
W-ta.- C-h¿- sN-øp-∂-sX-¥m-sW-∂v- C-h¿-°k-
p- aX-m-[ m-\-Ø
s∂- A-n-sd≥-n-b
d- n-Zq-
√X'.-≥-
]-emb--\w-
A-h-km-\w- k-Xy-a-X- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-°pw-
BZ¿-i- kp-c-£n-X-Xz-Øn-\p-th-≠n- \m-Sv- hn-Sp-I-b-√m-sX- K-Xy-¥-c-
an-s√-∂- A-h-kv-Y-bp-≠m-bn.- {]-hm-N-I-\pw- A-\p-N-c-∑m¿-°pw-
A`bw- \¬-Im-sa-t∂-‰- b-Yc v- n-_n-te-°v- sN-dp- kw-Lß
- f- m-bn- BZyw-
A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Wv- bm-{X- Xn-cn-®-Xv.-
ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- an-°-hm-dpw- t]m-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p.- Cu- A-h-
k-c-Øn¬- i-{Xp-°ƒ- B- a-lm-\m-b- {]-hm-N-I-s\- h-[n-°m-\p-≈-
Kq-Vm-tem-N-\- \-S-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t±-l-sØ- h-[n-°m-\m-bn-
i-{Xp-°ƒ- ho-Sv- h-f-™p.- ]-t£,- ssZ-h-k-lm-b-Øm¬-- A-h-scm-
∂pw- Im-Wm-sX- Xn-I-®pw- hn-kv-a-bm-h-l-am-bn- {]-hm-N-I≥- k-¥X-
k-l-Nm-cn-bm-b- A-_q-_-°-dn-t\m-(d)-sSm-∏w- b-Y-v cn-_n-se-Øn-
t®¿∂p.- Cu- kw-`-h-tØm-Sv- Iq-Sn- b-Y-vcn-_v- ]-´-Ww- a-Zo-\-Øp¿-d-
kq¬-˛ssZ-h-Zq-X-s≥-d- ]-´-Ww-˛ B-bn- A-dn-b-s∏-´p.-
B- ]-´-W-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-h¿- A≥-km-dp-I-fpw-˛k-lm-bn-
Iƒ-˛a-°-bn¬-\n-∂v- h-∂-h¿- ap-lm-Pn-dp-I-fpw-˛]-emb--\w- sN-bv-X-
h¿-˛B--bn- A-dn-b-s∏-´p.- \m-Spw- ho-Spw- Ip-Spw-_-hpw- k-ºm-Zy-ß-fp-
sa-√mw- D-t]-£n-®v- hn-izm-k- kw-c-£-W-Øn-\m-bn- \-S-Ø-s∏-´- Cu-
a-l-Øm-b- ]-em-b-\-˛ln-Pv-d-˛Øn-s≥-d- I-W-°p-]n-Sn-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv-
ln-Pv-d- h¿-j-sa-∂- Im-e-K-W-\m- k-{º-Zm-bw- B-cw-`n-®-Xv.-
km-tlm-Z-cy-Øn-s≥-d- {]m-tbm-Kn-I- am-Xr-I-
a-Zo-\b
- n¬- H-cp- ]p-Xn-b- k-aq-lw- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-Ib- m-bn-cp-∂p.-
ap-lm-Pn-dp-I-fp-sS-bpw- A≥-k-m-dp-I-fp-sS-bpw- k-Ωn-{i-am-b- H-cp- ]p-
Xn-b- k-aq-lw.- Cu- k-aq-lØ - n-\v- B-Xn-Yy-sam-cp-°n-bX
- v- A≥-kmdp-
I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b-Xn-\m¬- \m-Sp-hn-tS-≠n-h-∂-
ktlm-Z-c-ß-fm-b- ap-lm-Pn-dp-I-fp-am-bn- kz-¥w- ho-Spw- \m-Spw- k-º-
Øpw- Ip-Spw-_-hp-sa-√mw- ]-¶p-sh-°m-\-h¿- k-∂-≤-cm-bn.- C-kv-emw-
hn-`m-h-\w- sN-øp-∂- H-cp- am-Xr-Im- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- kr-jv-Sn-bm-bn-
cp-∂p- A-hn-sS- \-S-∂-Xv.-
B- k-aq-l-Øn¬- \n-∂v- B-Zyw- D-∑q-e-\w- sN-ø-s∏-´-Xv- krjv-
51
k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
Sn-It- fm-Sp-≈- B-cm-[\- b- m-bn-cp-∂p.- B- k-aq-lØ - n¬- B-Zyw- thcp-
d-∏n-®-Xv- A-N-©-e-am-b- ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-hpw- ]-c-tem-I- t_m-[-hp-am-
bn-cp-∂p.- G-I-ssZ-h-Øn-ep-≈- hn-izm-k-Øn-se-Øn-tN¿-∂- B-k-
aq-l-Øn¬- ]n-s∂-bp-≠m-b- ]-cn-h¿-Ø-\-ß-sf-√mw- h-f-sc- s]s´-
∂m-bn-cp-∂-p.-
G-I- ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- ap-∂n¬- G-hc - pw- k-a∑- m-cm-sW-∂v- Ah¿-
]-Tn-∏n-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- a-°-°m-c-s\-∂pw- a-Zo-\-°m-c-s\-∂p-ap-≈-
{]mtZ-in-I-Xz-Øn-s≥-d- th-en-s°-´p-Iƒ- s]m-fn-®v- A-h¿- c-≠v- Iq-´-
cpw- k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fm-bn- am-dn.- hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fm-sW-
∂v- a\- n-em-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- A≥km-dp-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬- \q-‰m-≠p-I-fm-
bn- ]pI-™p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂- Hu-kv-˛J-kv-d-Pv- tKm-{X-ssh-cw- A-h-km-
\n-∏n-®v- c-≠v- tKm-{X-°m-cpw- X-Ωn¬- B-enw-K-\w- sN-bv-Xp.-
kv-{Xo-I-fpw- ]p-cp-j-∑m-sc-t∏m-se- kzm-X-{¥y-hpw- A-h-Im-i-
ßf-pw- B-i-I-fp-sa-√m-ap-≈-h-cm-sW-∂v- {]-Jym-]n-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ-
B`n-Pm-Xy-Øn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- s]¨-Ip-´n-I-sf- Ip-gn-®p-aq-Sp-∂- k{º-
Zm-b-Øn-\v- A-dp-Xn-h-∂p.-- a-Zy-]m-\-hpw- Nq-Xm-´-hpw- ssew-Kn-I- Zp-cm-
Nm-c-ß-fpw- ]n-im-Nn-s≥-d- {]-h¿-Ø\-ß-fpw- A-h- \-c-I-Øn-te-°v-
A-Sp∏-n-°p-∂-h-bp-am-sW-∂v- {]-kv-Xm-hn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-
sØ-bpw- k-º-Øn-s\-bpw- hn-Im-c-ß-sf-bpw- A-Sn-a-I-fm-°n-sh-®n-
cp-∂- k-{º-Zm-b-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- B- k-aq-lw- ap-Iv-X-am-bn.- ]-en-i-bpw-
km-º-Øn-I- Nq-j-W-ß-fpw- \n-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´-tXm-sS- B- k-aq-l-
Øn-se- km-º-Øn-I- {]-iv-\-߃-°p-≈- A-Sn-kv-Ym-\-]-cm-b- ]-cn-
lm-c-ap-≠m-bn.-
am-‰-߃-!- am-‰-߃-!-
F-{X- s]-s´-∂m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-t∂m- Cu- am-‰ß - ƒ-!- \n-anj-߃-
sIm-≠m-Wv- ]-e- \n-b-a-ß-fpw- {]-Nm-c-Øn¬- h-∂-Xv .- k¿-∆-i-Iv-
X\pw- k¿-∆-Im-e-PvR-m-\n-bpw- A-tXm-sSm-∏w,- ]-c-a- Im-cp-Wn-I-\p-
am-b- H-cp- ssZ-h-Øn-epw- A-h-∂v- am-{Xw- A-[n-Im-c-ap-≈- a-c-Wm-\-
¥-c- Po-hn-X-Øn-epw- A-h¿-°p-≈- hn-izm-kw- cq-V-aq-e-am-b-t∏mƒ-
B- k-aq-l-Øn¬- am-‰-ß-fp-≠m-°m-≥- F-fp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
a-Zy-]m-\n- I
- f
- m-b,- A-√,- a-Zy-Øn¬- ap-ßn-°p-fn-®n-cp-∂- A-d_n-
52
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

I- t fm- S v - "\n- ß ƒ- A- X n¬- \ n- ∂ v - hn- c - a n- ° m- s \m- c p- ° - a p- t ≠m'-
(Jp¿B≥- 5:-91) -sb-∂v- tNm-Zn-t°-≠- Xm-a-k-ta- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q
A-hc - X
- n¬-\n-∂v- k-ºq¿-Æa - m-bn- ap-IvX
- c- m-bn.- B- I¬-]\ - - h-∂t∏m
ƒ- a-Zo-\-bn-se- a-Zy-ap-X-em-fn-am-cm-cpw-X-s∂- X-߃- \n¿-an-®p- sh-®-
aZy-sa-¶n-epw- hn¬-°m≥- A-\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂v {]-hm-N-I-\v- \n-th-Z-
\w- \¬-In-bn-√.- A-hn-sSbp-≈- a-Zy-sØm-gn-em-fn-If - m-cpw-Xs - ∂- Xß-
fp-sS- sXm-gn¬- \-jv-S-s∏-´p-sh-∂v- ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw- ap-g-°n-bn-√.- d-h-\yq-
h-cp-am-\w- \-jv-S-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v- B-cpw-X-s∂- Kn-cn-{]-`m-j-Ww- \-S-
Ønbn√.- ssZ-hn-I- I¬-∏-\- {i-hn-t°-≠- Xm-a-kw- A-hn-sS- a-Zy°p-
∏n-Iƒ- s]m-´n-®n-X-dn.- ho-∏-Iƒ- a-dn-™p-ho-Wp.- a-Zo-\-bn-se- sX-cp-
ho-Yn-I-fn-eq-sS- a-Zy-Øn-s≥-d- Nm-ep-Iƒ- H-gp-In.-
C-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- {]-hm-N-I≥- kr-jv-Sn-®- hn-π-hw.- A-t±-l-Øn-
s≥-d- B-bp-[ß - ƒ- hm-tfm- A-tºm- sh-Sn-bp-≠I - t- fm- B-bn-cp-∂n√.-
ssZ-h-Øn-ep-≈- hn-izm-k-hpw- ]-c-tem-I- t_m-[-hpw- am-{Xw.-
Im-Wp-∂p- tam-si-sb-t∏m-se- ap-l-Ω-Zv- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-ß-fpw- Po-hn-
X- co-Xn-I-fpw- sIm-≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.-3- I¿-Øm-hn-s≥-d- hm-KvZm-\w-
H-cn-°-epw- ]m-gm-bn-t∏m-bn-√.- tam-si-°v- k-Zr-iy-\m-b- H-cp- {]hm-N-
I-s\-Ø-s∂- A-h≥- A-¥n-a- {]-hm-N-I-\m-bn- \n-tbm-Kn-®p.-
A-ßs - \- {]-hm-NI
- X
- z-am-Ip-∂- sN-t¶m-epw- cm-PZ- W
- U
v- pw- blq-
Zm-bn¬-\n-∂v- H-gn-™p-t]m-Im≥- th-≠n-bp-≈- A-hI - m-in-bp-sS-4- BK-
a-\w- C-{kmb-o-ey-cp-sS- k-tl-m-Z-c-am¿-°n-S-bn¬- \n-∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-
cp-∂p.- A-{_-lm-an-s≥-d- C-f-b- ]p-{X-\m-b- C-kvlm-Jn-s≥-d- k-¥Xn-
]-c-º-c-I-fm-b- C-{km-bo-eycp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿- A-{_-lm-an-s≥-d-
X-s∂- aq-Ø-a-I-\m-b- C-k-vam-tb-en-s≥-d- k-¥-Xn-I-fm-b- A-d-_n-I-
fm-sW-∂v- hy-Iv-Xw.- A-d-_n-I-fn¬-\n-∂pw- D-b¿-Ø-s∏-´- ap-l-Ω-Zv-
(k)- X-s∂-bm-Wv- "\n-ß-fp-sS- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m¿-°n-S-bn¬-\n-∂v- D-b¿-
Øp'-sa-∂v- C-{kmbo-ey-tcm-Sv \¬-In-b- hm-KvZ- Ø - Ø - n-s≥-d- ]q¿Øo-
I-c-W-am-bn- A-b-bv-°-s∏-´- {]-hm-N-I≥.-

`-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw- \o-Xn-bp-sS- {]-hm-N-I≥-

{]-hm-NI - s- \- A-\p-kc - n-°p-∂- H-cp- k-aq-lw- A-hn-sS-bp-≠mbn.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- C-t∏mƒ- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- cm-jv-{So-b- t\-Xm-
A-h¿-°v- ]m-c-{Xn-I- ku-Jy-Øn\-m-h-iy-am-b- D-]-tZ-i-߃- \¬Ip- hp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.- a-Zo-\-bp-sS- cm-jv-{S-]-Xn. am-Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-am-b- H-cp-
I- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂n-√- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- I-Sa - .- {]-Xyp-X- B- k-aq-lØn- k-aq-l-Øn-s≥-d- `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xz-ta-s‰-Sp-Øv- H-cp- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn- F-
s≥-d- \n-e-\n¬-∏n-\m-h-iy-am-b- \n-b-a- \n¿-t±-i-߃- \¬-Ip-I-Iq-Sn- ß-s\-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂v- ]-T-n-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv- A-t±-lw- sNbv-X-Xv.-
A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d-- I¿-Øh - y-am-bn- a-md- n.- hn-izm-kn-If - p-sS- k-aq-lsØ- tem-Im-h-km-\w- h-sc-bp-≈- ap-gp-h-≥- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ-°pw- am-
\-in-∏n-°m-\m-bn- A-hn-izm-kn-If - m-b- a-°° - m¿- k-Ie - h
- n-[- X-{¥ß- Xr-Im-tbm-Ky-\m-bn-Øo¿-∂- cm-jv{- S-\m-bI - \
- m-bn-Øo¿-∂p A-t±-lw.-
fpw- B-hn-jv° - c - n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - n-\m¬- B- k-aq-lØ - n-\v- iIv- \o-Xn-\n¿-h-l-W-sa-∂- I-S-a- F-ß-s\-sb-∂v- tem-I-Øn\v- ]-Tn-∏n-
X-am-b- H-cp- `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw- X-s∂- B-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.- ®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- (k)- sN-bv-X-Xv.-
"\n-s∂-t∏m-se- H-cp- - {]-hm-NI - s- \- A-hc - p-sS- k-tl-m-Zc - ∑
- m-cn¬- \o-Xn-\n¿-h-l-W-Øn-s≥-d- Nn-e- X-Xz-߃- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-I-b-√-
\n-∂-v A-h¿-°m-bn- D-b¿-Øp'(- 1)-sa-∂-v \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°-v ap-º-v I¿Ømhv- apl-Ω-Zv- \-_n- (k)- sN-bv-X-Xv.- Xm-≥- ]Tn-∏n-®- X-Xz-߃- \q-dv- i-X-
tam-si-tbm-Sv- sN-bX v- - hm-KZv- m-\w- \n-dt- h-‰s - ∏-Sp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p.- tamsi- am-\w- {]-tbm-Kh- ¬-°c - n-°p-hm≥- km-[n-®p-sh-∂X - m-Wv- N-cn-{X-Øn¬-
bpw- ap-l-Ω-Zpw- P-\n-®-Xv- A-km-[m-c-W-am-bn-´-√.-2 c≠p-t]¿-°pw- am- A-t±-l-sØ- A-Xp-ey-\m-°p-∂-Xv.- \o-Xn-\n-jv-T-am-b- H-cp- cm-jv-{Sw-
Xm-hpw- ]n-Xm-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- c-≠p-t]-cpw- hn-hm-ln-X-cm-hp-I-bpw- kvY- m-]n-°m-\pw- A-Øc - w- H-cp- cm-jv{- Sw- F-ßs - \-bm-bn-cn-°W - s
- a∂v-
Ip-™p-߃- D-≠m-hp-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- C-t∏m-gn-Xm- tam-i-sb-t∏m-
se- ap-l-Ω-Zpw- k-aq-l-Øn-se- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn- am-dn-b-Xv- \mw- 3.- tb-ip- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-ß-sfm-∂pw- sIm-≠p-h-∂n-´n-√.- tam-si- sIm-≠p-
h-∂- \ym-b-{]-am-W-Øn-se- \n-b-a-ß-sf- \n-h¿-Øn-°-p-I- am-{X-am-Wv-
1.- B-h¿-Ø-\w- 18:-18 sN-bv-X-Xv.- (a-Øm-bn- 5:-17˛18)-
2.- tb-ip- P-\n-®-Xv- Xn-I-®pw- A-km-[m-c-W-am-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p.- 4.- D¬-]-Øn- 49:-10
53 54
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

te-m-I-Øn-\v- Im-Wn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\p-w- km-[n-®- {]-hm-N-I-\m-Wv- Pm-]Ø - n-te¿-s∏-´pw- Kq-Vm-tem-N\ - I - ƒ- \-SØ

- n-bpw- ap-ke v- nw- kaql-
ap-l-Ω-Zv- (k).- k-º-∂-\pw- Z-cn-{Z-\p-an-S-bn-tem- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-°pw- sØ- \-in-∏n-°m-\-h¿- {i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
km[m-c-W- ]u-c-\p-an-S-bn-tem- bm-sXm-cp- co-Xn-bn-ep-ap-≈- hn-th-N- \n-e-\n¬-]n-\p-th-≠n- hm-sf-Sp-°p-I-b-√m-sX- a-s‰m-cp- am¿-§w-
\hp-w- \o-Xn-\n¿-h-l-W-Øn-s≥-d- Im-cy-Øn¬- ]m-Sn-s√-∂- C-kv-eman- ap-kv-enw- k-aq-l-Øn-\v- ap-∂n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-ß-s\- A-¥n-a-
s≥-d- X-Xzw- {]-tbm-K-h¬-°-cn-®- hy-Iv-Xn-bm-Wv- A-t±-lw.- {]-hm-NI - s- ≥-d- Im-eL - ´- Ø
- n-se- B-Zy-sØ- bp-≤ap-≠m-bn.- k¿-hhn-
H-cn-°¬- Ip-eo-\-Ip-Spw-_-Øn¬-s∏-´- H-cp- kv-{Xo- tam-j-W- [- k-∂m-l-ß-fp-am-bn- h-∂- B-bn-c-Øn¬-∏-cw- B-fp-I-fp≠-m-bn-
°p-‰-Øn-\v- ]n-Sn-°-s∏-´p.- {]-hmN--I-(k)-s≥-d- A-Sp-Ø- A-\p-bm-bn- cp-∂- i-{Xp-ssk-\y-hp-am-bn- ]-cn-an-X-am-b- k-Pv-Po-I-c-W-߃- am-{X-
I-fn¬- Hcm-fm-b- D-km-ax- A-h-cp-sS- Im-cy-Øn¬- ip-]m-¿-i- sN-øm- ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂- ap-∂q-‰n- ]-Xn-aq-∂v- t]-cp-≈- hn-izm-kn-If - p-sS- ssk\yw-
\m-bn- {]-hm-N-I-(k-)-s\- k-ao-]n-®p.- A-t∏mƒ- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™p-:- _-Zvd- n¬-sh-®v- G-‰p-ap-´n.- A-Y¿-∆t- h-ZØ - n¬- am-am- E- j
- n-°v- \¬-Ipsa-
""\n-߃-°v- ap-ºp-≈- k-aq-lß - ƒ- \-in-∏n-°s - ∏-´X
- v- C-Øc - w- {]h¿- ∂v- ]-d™ - - ap-∂q-dv- A-d_ - n-°p-Xn-cI - s-f°- p-dn-®- ]c-ma- ¿-iw- _-Zvdn¬-
Ø-\-߃- aq-e-am-Wv.- k-º-∂¿- Ip-‰w- sN-bv-Xm¬- sh-dp-sX- hn-Sp- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- ap-∂q-dp-t]-sc-°p-dn-®m-Imw.- A-h¿- F-√m- A¿-∞Ø - nepw-
Ibpw- Z-cn-{Z¿- Ip-‰w- sN-bv-Xm-¬- in-£n-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-h- Xym-K-Øn-s≥-d-bpw- [o-c-X-bp-sS-bpw- {]-Xo-I-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m-.-
cpsS- k-{º-Zm-bw.- A-√m-lp-hm-sW- k-Xyw-!- Cu- {]-hr-Øn- sN-bv-
{]-hm-NI - ≥- I-cf - p-cp-In-- {]m¿-∞n-®p-:- "A-√m-lp-th,- Cu- sNdp-
XXv- ap-lΩ - Z- n-s≥-d- a-Iƒ- ^m-Øn-a- X-s∂-bm-bm-epw- A-hf - p-sS- Icw-
kw-Lw- C-∂v- \-in-®p-t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬- ]n-s∂- \n-s∂- am-{Xw-
Rm-≥- tO-Zn-®p-I-f-bp-∂-Xm-Wv''.-
B-cm-[n-°p-∂h - c
- m-cpw- `q-ap-JØ - v- D-≠m-hp-Ib - n-√.- \m-Ym,- \o- Rß-
\o-Xn-bp-sS- DPv-Pz-e-am-b- i-_v-Zw-!- \o-Xn-\n¿-h-l-W-Øn-s≥-d- sf- A-\p-{K-ln-t°-W-ta'.-
A-Xp-eyam-b- am-Xr-I-!- sb-i-øm- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-Øn-s≥-d-
(sb-i- 42:-1˛12)- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-W-am-Wv- \mw- C-hn-sS- Im-Wp-∂-Xv.- `q-an- bp-≤w- \-S-∂p.- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- {]-Y-a- bp-≤-Øn¬- ap-kv-enw-
bn¬- \o-Xn- kp-kv-Ym-]n-X-am-Ip-∂-Xp-h-sc- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- \n- Iƒ- hn-Pb - n-®p.- _-Zdv- n¬- F-gp-]X - v- A-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- a-cW - s - ∏-´t- ∏mƒ-
cm-is- ∏-Sp-It- bm- sN-øm-Xn-cp-∂- hy-IvX- n-!- hn-iz-kvX
- X- m-]q¿-∆w- \oXn- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fn¬-s∏-´- ]-Xn-\m-ep-t]¿- c-Iv-X-km-£n-I-fm-bn.-
\-S-Øn-b- {]-hm-N-I-≥-!- Cu- hn-ti-j-W-߃- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(k)-\-√m-sX- ]n-s∂-bpw- {]-hm-NI - \- pw- A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ-°pw- bp-≤w- sNtø-
a-‰m¿-°m-Wv- tbm-Pn-°p-I.- tI-Zm¿-* ]m¿-°p-∂- {Km-a-߃- kz-c-ap- ≠n- h-∂p.-
b¿-Øn-b-Xpw- ap-l-Ω-Zn-s≥d- B-K-a-\-Øn-\v- ti-j-am-W-t√m.- D-lv-Zv,- J≥-Z-Jv,- A-lv-km-_v,- ssJ-_¿,- lp-ss\≥- Xp-S-ßn-
G-Xm-\pw- bp-≤-߃.- C-h-sbm-∂pw- X-s∂- \m-Sv- sh-´n-∏n-Sn-°m-t\m-
bp-≤-߃-!- bp-≤-߃-!- km-{am-Pyw- hn-kv-Xr-X-am-°m-t\m- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√.- hn-izm-k-
a-Zo-\-bn¬- C-kv-em-an-I- k-aq-lw- h-f-cp-∂p-sh-∂-dn-™- a-°m- kwc-£-W-Øn-\pw- B-Z¿-i-a-\p-k-cn-®v- Po-hn-°m-\p-≈- A-h-Im-i-
ap-iv-cn-°p-Iƒ-°v- I-en- I-b-dn.- X-ß-fp-sS- ]n-Xm-°-fn¬-\n-∂v- e-`n-®- Øn-\pw- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p.-
hn-izm-km-Nm-c-ß-fp-sS- kw-c-£-W-Øn-\m-bn- ]p-Xn-b- a-X-sØ- D∑q-
e-\w- sN-øm-\-h¿- Xo-cp-am-\n-®p.- a-Zo-\-bn-se- Pq-X-∑m-cp-am-bn- D-]- a-l-Øm-b- hn-π-hw-
{]-hm-N-I≥- H-cp- a-l-Øm-b- hn-π-h-am-Wv- \-bn-®-sX-∂- Imcy-
(*) C-iv-am-tb-en-s≥-d- ]-{¥-≠v- ]p-{X-∑m-cn¬- H-cm-fm-Wv- tI-Zm¿-.- (D¬-]-
Øn- 25:-13)- tI-Zm-cn-Iƒ- F-∂v- hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv- A-td-_y-bn¬- h-kn-®n-cp-∂- Øn¬- N-cn-{X-ad- n-bp-∂h
- ¿-s°m-∂pw- kw-ib - a
- p-≠m-hm-\n-Sb
- n-√.- XnI-
A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]n≥-ap-d-°m-sc-bm-Wv.- "tI-Zm¿- \n-h-kn-°p-∂- {Km-a-߃'- ®pw- kw-kv-°m-c-iq-\y-cm-b- H-cp- P-\-X-sb- tem-I-Øn-\v- ap-gp-h≥-
F-\m¬- A-td-_y≥- {Km-a-߃- F-∂¿-∞w.- am-Xr-I-bm-b- H-cp- k-aq-l-am-°n- am-‰n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥- A-t±-l-Øn-\v-
55 56
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
th-≠n-h-∂-Xv- sh-dp-w- C-cp-]-Øn-aq-∂v- h¿-j-ß-fm-Wv.- Cu- C-cp-]-
Øn-a-q-∂v- h¿-j-߃-°p-≈n¬- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-∂- cq]-
Øn-ep-≈- F-Xn¿-∏p-Iƒ- F-gp-X-s∏-´- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- B¿-°pw- t\-cn-
tS-≠n-h-∂n-´n-√.-
kz-¥w- hn-izm-km-Z¿-iß - ƒ- kw-c£ - n-°m-\m-bn- k-ac - w- sNtø-
≠n-h-∂- \-_n- ]-s¶-Sp-Ø- bp-≤-ß-fn-se-√mw- Iq-Sn- sIm-√-s∏-´-Xv-
tI-h-ew- B-bn-c-Øn- H-cp-\q-tdm-fw- t]¿- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂p-!- hn-π-h-
ß-f-p-sS- t]-cn¬- Cu- `q-an-bn¬- Nn-¥-s∏-´- tN-m-c-bp-am-bn- Xm-c-X-
ayw- sN-øp-tºmƒ- C-Xv- F-{X-am-{Xw- \n- m-c-am-Wv.- {^-©v- hn-π-h-
Øn-¬- sIm-√-s∏-´-Xv- 66 e-£w- a-\p-jy-cm-Wv.- H-cp- tIm-Sn-bn-e-[n-Iw-
t]-cp-sS- tNm-c- Nn-¥n-s°m-≠m-Wv- d-jy-bn-se- a-l-Øm-b- hn-π-hw-
\-S-∂-Xv.- H-∂mw-tem-I- a-lm-bp-≤-Øn¬- sIm-√-s∏-´-h-cp-sS- kw-Jy-
73 e-£-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- c-≠mw- tem-I-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-e-Xv- 106
e£-am-bn-cp-∂p.-
Cu- hn-π-h-ß-sf-s°m-≠v- a-\p-jy-sc-¥v- t\-Sn?-
\m-K-cn-I-X-°v- F-s¥-¥v- kw-`-m-h-\-I-f-m-Wv- Cu- hn-π-h-߃-
\¬-In-b-Xv?-
D-Ø-cw- h-´-∏q-Py-sa-∂m-Wv.-
C-h- \-bn-®- a-lm-Xva- m-°ƒ-s°-Xn-sc- B- cm-Py-ßf - n-ep-≈- P\-
ß-fp-sS- X-s∂- tcm-jw- D-b-cm≥- Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- tIm-Sn-°-W-
°n-\v- P-\ß- s - f- sIm-s∂m-Sp-°n "a-lØ - m-b- hn-πh - '-Øn-eq-sS- tkm-
jy-en-kv-‰v- k-aq-l-Øn-\v- {i-an-®-h-cp-sS- {]-Xn-a-Iƒ-°p-t\-sc- I-s√-
dn-™v- ]n-©p-Ip-™p-߃- A-ht- cm-Sp-≈- {]-Xn-tj-[w- {]-IS- n-∏n-°p-
tºmƒ- A-hc - p-sS- kn-≤m-¥ß - ƒ- am-‰n-ad- n-®v- `-cW
- m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ- Ah-
tcm-Sp-≈- A-h-Pv-R- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.- A-t∏mƒ- B- hn-π-h-߃-
°p-th-≠n- Nn-¥-s∏-´- c-Iv-Xw- ap-gp-h≥- hr-Ym-hn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v-
\-ap-°v- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-∂p.-
F-∂m¬- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- hn-π-h-tam?-
sh-dpw- B-b-n-c-Øn-e-[n-Iw- t]¿- am-{Xw- sIm-√-s∏-´p-sIm-≠v-
\-S-∂- B- a-l-Øm-b- kmw-kv-°m-cn-I- hn-π-h-Øn-\v- Xp-ey-am-sbm-cp-
hn-π-hw- am-\-h-N-cn-{X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-´p-t≠m?-
1.- `-hn-jy¬- ]p-cm-Ww- 3:-3:-25˛28
57
k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-
C-√- F-∂m-Wv- D-Ø-cw.-
A-td-_ybn¬-\n-∂pw- h-cp-∂- a-lm-Nm-cy-\m-b- a-lm-aZ- v,- hnπhw-
kr-jv-Sn-°p-I-bpw- Xo-jv-W- k-a-c-Øn-eq-sS- ip-≤o-I-c-Ww- B-{K-ln-
°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂- `-hn-jy¬-]p-cm-W-Øn-eq-sS-
bp-≈- hym-k-ap-\n-bp-sS- {]-h-N-\-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-Ww,- a-l-
Øm-b- hn-π-h-߃- kr-j-vSn-°p-I-bpw- k-Xy-aX- kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\p-
th-≠n- Xo-£v-W-am-bn- k-a-cw- sN-øm≥- I¬-]n-°p-I-bpw-sN-bvX-
{]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- N-cn-{X-Øn-em-Wv- \-ap-°v- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-∂-Xv.-
a-°m-hn-P-bw-
a-Zo-\-bn¬- H-cp- C-kv-em-an-I- k-aq-lw- cq-]w-sIm-≠p-I-gn-™n-
cp-∂p.- A-Sn-aI- f
- pw- D-Sa
- I
- f
- pw- k-a∑ - m-cm-bn-am-dn-b- k-aq-lw.- a-Zy-Øn¬-
\n-∂pw- Nq-Xm-´-ß-fn-¬-\n-∂pw- Xn-I-®pw- ap-Iv-X-am-sbm-cp- k-aq-lw.-
A-{I-an-bm-b- cm-Pm-hn-s≥-d- ap-∂n-epw- k-Xyw- Xp-d-∂p-]-d-bm≥- ss[-
cyw- Im-Wn-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-I-fp-sS- k-a-q-lw.- k¿-thm-]-cn- k¿-h-i-Iv-
X-s≥-d- ap-∂n¬- am-{Xw- in-c- v- \-an-°p-∂- H-cp- k-aq-lw.-
Cu- k-aq-ls - Ø- X-I¿-°m-\m-Wv- a-°b - n-se- ]m-cº - c
- y- hnizm-
kn-Iƒ- {i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂X - v.- ]-eX- c
- w- A-{I-aß - f - pw- k-Xy-hn-izm-
kn-Iƒ- k-ln-®p.- k-\v-[n-kw-`m-j-W-߃-°v- A-h¿- k-∂-≤-cm-bn.-
]t£,- A-hn-iz-m-kn-Iƒ- A-h-cp-sS- k-I-e-hn-[- k-º-Øpw- i-Iv-Xn-
I-fpw- C-kv-em-an-I- k-aq-l-sØ- \-in-∏n-°m\m-bn- k-am-l-cn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂p.- a-°-bn-te-°v- H-cp- ]-S-tbm-´w- \-S-∂n-s√-¶n¬,- aZo-\-bn-
se- am-Xr-Im- k-aq-l-sØ- \m-am-h-ti-j-am-°m≥- k¿-h-k-∂m-l-
ß-tfm-Sp-I-q-Sn- A-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ- I-S-∂p-h-cp-sa-∂p-d-∏m-bn-cp-∂p.-
A-hk - m-\w- A-Xp-Xs - ∂- kw-`h - n-®p.- {]-hm-NI - \- pw- k-aq-lhpw-
{]-Xn-I-cn-®p.- hnizm-kn-I-fp-sS- H-cp- h≥-ssk-\-yw- a-°-bn-te-°v-
\oßn.- "ssZ-h-am-Ip-∂p- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-h≥'- F-∂v- D-ss®-kv-X-cw-
{]-Jym-]n-®p-sIm-≠v- B- tk-\- a-°-bn-te-°v- I-S-∂p.- ssZ-h-Øn-s\-
Bcm-[n-°m-\m-bn- `q-an-bn¬- \n¿-an-°-s∏-´- B-Zy-sØ- `-h\w- kv-Yn-
Xn-sN-øp-∂- ]-´-W-Øn-te-°v.- {k-jv-Sm-hm-b- ssZ-hw- X-ºp-cm-s\- am-
{Xw- B-cm-[n-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏-´-Xn-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- {]-hm-N-I-\pw-
A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw- ]p-d-Øm-°-s∏-´- {]-tZ-i-tØ-°v,- "ssZ-h-am-Ip-∂p-
58
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-h≥'-˛A-√m-lp- A-Iv-_¿-˛ F-∂- i-_v-Zw- A-¥-co- A-Xv- Xn-cp-Øn-:- "A-√;- - C-∂v- A-\p-{K-lØ - n-s≥-db - pw- Icp-Wb - p-sSbpw-
£-Øn¬- {]-I-º-\w- sIm-≠p.- Zn-\-am-Ip-∂p'.-
a-°- ap-gp-h≥- X-ß-fp-sS- Im¬-°o-gn¬- h-∂-t∏m-gpw- k-am[m-
A-√m-lp- A-Iv-_¿- \w- {]-h-Nn-®- {]-hm-N-I-\n¬- bn-sc-aym- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- Zo¿-L-Z¿-i-
˛A-√m-lp- A-Iv-_¿-˛B- ap-{Zm-hm-Iyw- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- {]m-h¿- \-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-Ww- \-ap-°v- Z¿-in-°mw-.- "k-am-[-m-\w- {]-h
Øn-I-am-°n-b-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p- A-h¿.- ]-c-º-cm-K-X-am-bn- B-cm[n-®p- Nn-°p-∂- {]-hm-NI - s
- ≥-d- Im-cy-Øn-em-Is - ´,- A-bm-fp-sS- h-N\ - w- kXy-
h-∂n-cp-∂- hn-{K-l-ß-sf-bpw- i-h-Ip-So-c-ß-sf-bpw- hym-P-ssZ-h-ß- am-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ- A-bm-sf- I¿-Øm-hv- A-b® - X- m-sW-∂v- A-dn-bmw''-
sf-bpw- I-søm-gn-®-h¿.- ssZ-h-sØ- am-{Xw- B-cm-[n-°m-\p-≈- kz-m -(1)- k-am-[m-\w- {]-h-Nn-®- {]-hm-N-I-s≥-d2 h-N-\-ß-fn¬- H-∂pw- Ak-
X-{¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n s]-‰p-hf - ¿-∂- kz-¥w- \m-Sp-t]-£n-®h - ¿.- hoSpw- Xy-am-bn-´n-√.- H-scm-‰- {]-h-N-\-hpw- ]p-e-cm-Xn-cp-∂n-´n-√.- a-°-bn-se-
Ip-Spw-_-hpw- th-s≠-∂p-sh-®-h¿.- Po-hn-X-Im-e-a-{X-bpw- k-ºm-Zn-®- Cu- hn-P-bw-X-s∂- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- {]-h-N-\-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-ØoIc-
kz-Øp-°ƒ-ap-gp-h≥- B-Z¿-i-Øn-\p-th-≠n- sN-e-h-gn-®-h¿.- A-h- W-am-bn-cp-∂-t√m.-
c√m-sX- a-‰m-cm-Wv- "A-√m-lp- A-Iv-_¿'- F-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- A¿-l-X- a-°- ap-gp-h≥- {]-hm-NI - \- v- Io-gS- ß - n-bt- ∏mƒ- sb-iø - m-hn-s≥d-
bp≈-h¿?- a-s‰m-cp- {]-h-N-\w- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- "tI-Zm-dn-se-
a-°-sb- {]-I-º-\w- sIm-≈n-®p-sIm-≠v- ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-tØm-fw- B-´n≥-]-‰w- ap-gp-h≥- \n-s≥-d- A-Sp-°¬- h-∂p-Iq-Spw-;- s\-_-tbm-
t]¿- h-cp-∂- B- ssk-\yw- a-°b - p-sS- {]m-¥ß- f - n-te-°v- {]-th-in®p.- Øn-se- B-WmSp-Iƒ- \n-\-°v- tk-h- sN-øpw.- A-h- F-\n-°v- {]-km-
A-Xv`- p-Xw-!- B-h¿-Ø\ - - ]p-kvX
- I
- Ø- n-se- {]-hN - \ - w- C-hn-sS- ]q¿Øo- Z-P\ - I
- a
- m-bn- F-s≥-d- _-en-]o-TØ- n¬- F-Øpw.- F-s≥-d- a-ln-ab - m¿∂-
I-cn-°-s∏-´p.- ]m-dm≥- ]¿-h-X-Øn¬- {]-Im-in-°p-∂- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥d- B-e-b-sØ- Rm≥- a-l-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øpw'- (sb-i- 60:-7)- F-∂- {]-h-N\w.-
A-h-km-\-sØ- {]-hm-N-I≥- X-s≥-d- h-e-Xp-I-øn¬- A-Kv-\n-Pzm-e-bp- tI-Zm-dpw- s\-_t- bm-Øpw- C-ia v- t- b-en-(A-)s - ≥-d- ]p-{X-∑m-cmWv.-
am-bn- ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v- hn-ip-≤-∑m-cn¬-\n-∂v- h-cp-I'-(1)- X-s∂- (D¬-]-Øn- 25:-13)- tI-Zm-dn-se-bpw- s\-_tbm-Øn-se-bpw- B-Sp-Iƒ-
sN-bvX - p.- A-Y¿-∆t- h-ZØ
- n¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°s - ∏-´- am-amE-jn-bp-sS- ]Xn- F-∂-Xv- a-°-bn-se- A-d-_n- k-aq-l-sØ- sam-Ø-Øn¬- Ip-dn-°p-∂-
\m-bn-cw- ]-ip-°-sf-°p-dn-®- {]-h-N-\-hpw- C-hn-sS- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°- ]-Z-{]tbm-K-am-Wv.- tI-Zm-dn-se-bpw- s\-_-tbm-Øn-se-bpw- B-Sp-I-
s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-!- sf-√mw- {]-hm-N-I-\v- A-Sp-Øv- h-∂p-Iq-S-n-b-Xm-Wv- a-°m-hn-P-b-Øn¬-
\mw- Im-Wp-∂-Xv.- C-kv-emw- B-t«-jn-®Xn-\p-ti-j-ap-≈- A-d-_n-
Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d- Zn-\w- IfpsS- Po-hn-Xw- "A-h- F-\n-°v- {]-Zm-\-P-\-I-am-bn- F-s≥-d- _-en-
k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I-fp-tS-Xm-b- B- ssk-\yw- a-°- Io-g-S-°n.- F- ]o-T-Øn¬- F-Øpw'- F-∂- {]-h-N-\-Øn-s≥-d- ]q¿-Øo-I-c-Ww- Ip-dn-
Xn¿-∏n-s≥-d- B-ch - ß- t- fm- c-IvX
- Ø
- n-s≥-d- {]-hm-lt- am- C-√m-sX- XnI- °p-∂p.- ssZ-h-ln-X-Øn-\v- th-≠n- F-¥v- Xym-K-hpw- sN-øm≥- k-∂-
®pw- im-¥a- m-bn-s°m-≠m-bn-cp-∂p- tem-IN - c- n-{X-Øn-se- A-Xp-ey-amb- ≤-cm-bn-cp-∂-h¿-!- k-Xy-a-X-sØ- \-in-∏n-°m-\pw- Zn-hy-{]-Im-i-sØ-
B- hn-π-hw- \-S-∂-Xv.- Xn-I-®pw- k-am-[m-\-]-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-Xv.- Du-Xn-s°-Sp-Øm-\pw- I-gn-bp-sa-∂v- I-cp-Xn- bp-≤-Øn-s\m-cp-ßn-b-
{]-hm-N-I-s≥-d- tk-\-bp-sS- \m-b-I-\m-bn-cp-∂- k-Av-Zp-_v-\p- D-_m-Z- Ahn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sv- kz-¥w- Po-h≥- Xr-W-h¬-K-Wn-®v- ]-S-s]m-cp-Xn-
(d-)- B-th-i-Øm¬- a-°-°-Sp-Øp-\n-∂v- hn-fn-®p-]-d-™p-:- "CXv- c-Iv-
X-s®m-cn-®n-en-s≥-d- Zn-hk- a
- m-Ip-∂p'.- k-am-[m-\Ø - n-s≥-d- {]-hm-NI
- ≥- 1.- bn-sc-aym- 28:-9
2.- "C-kv-emw'- F-∂- ]-Z-Øn-\v- k-am-[m-\w- F-∂pw- A¿-∞-ap-s≠-∂- Im-
1.- B-h¿-Ø-\w- 33:-2 c y w -
{]-tXy-Iw- {]-kvXm-hy-am-Wv.-
59 60
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

b-h¿-!- ]-S-°-f-Øn¬- Po-h≥- \¬-In-b- {]-hm-N-I- k-Jm-°ƒ-!- k-Xy-a-X-sØ- \-in-∏n-°m≥- k-I-e-hn-[- X-{¥-ß-fpw- ]-b-‰n-
"F-s≥-d- a-ln-a-bm¿-∂- B-e-b-sØ- Rm≥- a-l-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øpw'- ]-cm-P-b-s∏-´-h¿.-
F-∂- {]-h-N-\-hpw- C-hn-sS- ]q¿-Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- {k-jv-Sm- A-hc - p-sS- I-øn-en-∂v- A-[n-Im-ca - n-√.- D-bc- m≥- hm-fp-If - n-√.- a¿±n-
hm-b- ssZ-hs - Ø- Bcm-[n-°p-∂X - n-\m-bn- - `q-an-bn¬- B-Zy-am-bn- sI´n- °m≥- Nm-´hm-dp-I-fn-√.- {]-hm-N-I≥- F-¥p-]-d-™m-epw- A-\p-k-cn-
D-b¿-Ø-s∏-´- B-e-b-am-Wv- a-°-bn-se- I-Av-_m-e-bw.- A-Xv- _-lp- °m≥- k-∂-≤-X-bp-≈,- B-bn-c-°-W-°n-\v- AwK-ß-fp-≈- k¿-h-
ssZ-hm-cm-[I - c- p-sS- hn-{K-lß- f - m¬- \n-_n-Va - m-bn-cp-∂p.- a-°m- hnP- k-∂m-l-ß-tfm-Spw- Iq-Sn-b ssk-\yw- A-h-sc- s]m-Xn-™v- \n¬°p-
btØm-sS- hn-{K-lß - s- f- B-cm-[n-°p-∂h - c - m-bn- B-cpw-Xs- ∂- _m°n- ∂p.- {]-h-m-N-I≥- H-scm-‰- hm-°p-]-d-™m¬- C-h-cp-sS-sb-√mw- X-e
bn-√m-Ø- A-h-kv-Y- h-∂p.- I-Av-_m-e-b-Øn-se- hn-{K-l-߃- ap-gp Iƒ- X-s≥-d- Im¬-°o-gn¬- In-S-∂v- D-cp-fpw.- C-h-c-p-sS- Hm-tcm-cp-Ø-
h≥- \n-jvI - m-k\ - w- sN-øs - ∏-´p.- A-ßs - \- ssZ-hØ - n-s≥-d- a-ln-abm¿- cp-sS-bpw- I-cƒ- I-Sn-®p-Xp-∏m≥- B-bn-c-߃- k-∂-≤-cm-hpw.- C-hcp-
∂- B-e-b-Øn¬-\n-∂v- _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-\-bp-sS- {]-Xo-I-ß-sf-√mw- sS- I-gp-Øn¬- H-´-I-Øn-s≥-d- Ip-S¬-am-e-Iƒ- Nm¿-Ø-s∏-Spw.-
\n¿-Ωq-e-\w- sN-bv-Xp-;- A-ß-s\- A-Xv- a-l-Xz-h¬-°-c-n-°-s∏-´p.-
]t£,- {]-hm-NI - ≥- - hn-\b- m-\zn-X\ - m-bn- tNm-Zn-®p-:- "C-∂v- \nß-
sf-¥m-Wv- F-∂n¬-\n-∂v- {]-Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv?-'-
Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I≥-
A-h¿- Z-b-\o-b-am-bn- ]-d-™p-:- "\-∑,- Xm-¶ƒ- am-\y-\pw- am\y-
a-°m- hn-P-bw- I-gn-™p!- Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I-\p-ap-
s≥-d- a-I-\p-am-Ip-∂p'.-
∂n¬- C-Xm- Ip-td- a-\p-jy¿- ]-©]-p-Nv-O-a-S-°n- \n¬-°p-∂p.-
Im-cp-Wy-Øn-s≥-d,- - Z-bb - p-sS,- kvt- \-lØ - n-s≥-d- A-\p-Iº - bp-
B-cm-Wn-h-sc-∂-t√?-
sS-sb-√mw- tem-Iw- I-≠- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b- am-Xr-Im- ]p-cpj-≥-sam-gn-
k-Xyw- ]-d™ - p-sh-∂X - n-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- \-_n-sb- kz-¥w- \m´n¬- ™p-:- "t]m-hp-I,- \n-ß-sf-√m-h-cpw- kz-X-{¥cm-hp-∂p'.-
\n-∂v- B-´n-tbm-Sn-®-h¿.-
k-am-[-m-\-Øn-s≥-d D-Øpw-K-am-b- D-Zm-l-c-Ww!- Im-cp-Wy-Øn-
Xn-cp-ta-\n- \-ak
- v°- c
- n-°p-tºmƒ- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- I-gp-Øn¬- s≥-d- Xp-e-y-X-bn-√m-Ø- am-Xr-I!-
H-´-I-Øn-s≥-d- Ip-S¬-am-e-Iƒ- Nm¿-Øn-b-h¿.-
Cu- {]-hm-NI - \
- √- m-sX- a-‰m-cm-Wv- B-h¿-Ø\ - - ]p-kvX - I- Ø- n¬-
A-t±-l-sØ- F-dn-t™m-Sn-®-h¿.- ]-d™- - k-am-[m-\Ø - n-s≥-d- {]-hm-NI - \- m-hm≥- A¿-lX - b - p-≈- hyIv-
A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- ]n-Xr-hy-\pw- C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- knw-l-hp-am- Xn-Xzw?-
bncp∂- lw-k-(d)-sb- D-lv-Zn¬-sh-®v- N-Xn-®p-sIm-∂- h-lv-in.-
lw-k-bp-sS- sN-h-n-bpw- aq-°pw- A-cn-s™-Sp-Øv- am-e-tIm¿- ]q¿-W-\m-b- a-\p-jy≥-
Ø-Wn-™v- C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp-≈- ssh-cw- {]-I-Sn-∏n-®- kv-{Xo-Iƒ.- {]-hm-N-I≥- ]q¿-W-\m-b- H-cp- a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p.- a-\p-jy-
C-kv-em-an-s≥-d- B- knw-l-Øn-s≥-d- s\-©v- Ip-Øn-∏n-f¿-Øn- Xz-Øn-s≥-d- F-√m-hn-[- Kp-W-ß-fpw- A-t±-l-Øn¬- k-ºq¿-W-am-bn-
I-cƒ- h-en-s®-Sp-Øv- A-Xv- N-h-®p-Xp-∏n- A-Ωm-\-am-Sn-b- ln-µv.- k-Xy- {]-Im-in-®n-cp-∂p.- {]-kw-K-ß-fpw- D-]-tZ-i-ß-fpw- am-{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√-
hn-izm-kn-I-sf- sIm-Spw-{Iq-c-X-Iƒ-°v- hn-t[-b-cm-°n-b-h¿.- {]-hm-NI - ≥- tem-IØ - n-\v- kw-`m-h\
- - sN-bvX
- X
- v.- kz-¥w- Po-hn-Xs- Ø-
kp-a-ø- (d)-sb- ar-Ko-b-am-bn- h-[n-®-h¿.- X-s∂- X-s≥-d- B-Z¿-iß - ƒ-°p-≈- {]m-tbm-Kn-I- am-Xr-Ib - m-bn- Ah-
bm-kn-dn (d)-s\- {Iq-c-am-bn- sIm-∂-h¿.- X-cn-∏n-°m≥- I-gn-™p-sh-∂X - m-Wv- A-t±-lØ - n-s≥-d- G-‰h - pw- henb-
_n-em-en-s\- (d)-bpw- A-Ω-m-dn- (d)-s\-bpw- a¿-±n-®-h¿.- hn-P-bw.-
61 62
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

em-am¿-´n≥- F-gp-Xn-:- ""X-Xz-PvR - m-\n,- {]-kw-KI - ≥,- ssZ-hZ- q-X≥,- kv-t\-l-\n¿-`-c-\pw- Z-bm-ep-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p- {]-hm-N-I≥.-
\n-ba- \- n¿-Ωm-Xm-hv,- t]m-cm-fn,- B-ib - ß
- f - p-sS- tP-Xm-hv,- A-_≤ - - k- km-[m-cW- - k-©c - n-°p-∂- h-gn-bn-se- H-cp- ho-´n¬- \n-∂p-samcp-
¶¬-]-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- ap-Iv-X-am-b- B-Nm-c- hn-ti-j-ß-fp-sS-bpw- bpIv- Pq-X-h-\n-X- F-∂pw- X-s∂- Xp-∏p-∂p-sh-¶n-epw- {]-hm-N-I-s\m-∂pw-
Xn-_-\v-[p-c-am-b- hn-izm-k- {]-am-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ]p-\x-kv-Ym-]-I≥,- ]-d-bp-∂n-√.- H-cp- Zn-h-kw- B- h-gn-bn-eq-sS- \-S-°p-tºmƒ- X-s≥-d-
C-cp-]X - v- `u-Xn-I- km-{am-Py-ßf - p-sS-bpw- H-cp- B-Xva - o- b
- - km-{am-PyØn- ta¬- Xp-∏¬- h-∂p-ho-gp-∂-Xv- Im-Wm-Ø- A-t±-lw- tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-:-
s≥-db - pw- kw-kY v- m-]I- ≥-˛A-Xm-bn-cp-∂p- ap-lΩ - Z- v.- a-\p-jy-al- X- zØn-
"F-s≥-d- kvt- \-ln-X- C-s∂hn-sS-t∏m-bn?- Ahƒ- C∂v- Fs∂-
s≥-d- F-√m- am-\Z- W - vU
- ß- f- pw- sh-®p-]c - n-KW- n-°p-tºmƒ- \mw- hyIv-
Im-Wm≥- h-∂n-√t- √m'.- A-hƒ- A-kp-Ja - m-bn- In-S°
- p-Ib- m-sW-∂d- n-
X-am-bpw- tNm-Zn-t®-°mw-:- ap-l-Ω-Zn-t\-°mƒ- a-lm-\m-b- a-‰p-h√-
a\pjy-\p-ap-t≠m''- (La Martin: Historie de la Ture-quie, Vol II, Page 277) ™- A-t±-lw- A-hs - f- k-µ¿-in-®v- Ip-ie
- m-t\z-jW - ß- ƒ- \-SØ - p∂p.-
a-pl- Ω
- Z- n-(k)-s≥-d- A-[n-Im-c- Po-hn-Xw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I.- A[n- X-s∂- `-X-vkn-®-h-sc- i-]n-°p-I-tbm,- ]o-Un-∏n-®-h-tcm-Sv- {]Xn-
Im-c-Øn-s≥-d- D-b¿-∂- hn-Xm-\-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏m-gpw- i-co-c-Øn¬- Im-cw- sN-øp-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-√.- X-s∂- F-dn-t™m-Sn-°p-∂-h-cp-sS-
]m-b-°-Æn-Iƒ- ]-m-Sp-I-fp-≠m-Ip-am-dv- ]-cp-]-cp-Ø- ]-\-tbm-e-∏m-b- \-∑-°p-th-≠n- A-t±-lw- {]m¿-∞n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- \mw- Im-Wp-∂-Xv.-
bn¬- In-S-∂p-d-ßn-b- {]-hm-N-I≥.- X-s≥-d- ]-≈n-ap-‰-Øv- bp-≤-ap-X-
ep-Iƒ- Iq-ºm-cam--bn-°n-S-°p-tºm-gpw- Ip-Spw-_-Øn-s≥-d- ]-´n-Wn- am- A-¥n-a- {]-kw-Kw-
‰m≥- A-Xn¬-\n-s∂-Sp-°m-Ø- ssZ-h-Zq-X≥.- bp-≤-Ø-S-hp-Im-sc- a- B- alm-\m-b- hy-IvX - n-Xzw- tem-IØ - n-\v- ap-gp-h≥- {]-`- hn-Xdn-
Zo-\m- \nhm-kn-Iƒ-°v- Zm-k-∑m-cm-bn- G¬-]n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-tºm-gpw- A-dp-]-Øn-aq-∂v- h¿-jw- Po-hn-®p.- kz-]-Xv-\n- BC--i- (d)-bp-sS- a-Sn
sh-≈w- hen ®- X-g-ºp-I-fp-sS- th-Z-\-sb-°p-dn-®v- th-h-em-Xn-s∏-Sp- bn¬-In-S∂ - v- B- a-lm-\p-`m-h≥- C-lt- em-Ih - m-kw- sh-Sn-™p.- AXn-
∂- kz-¥w- ]p{Xn- ^m-Xzn-a-°v- H-cp- th-e-°m-cn-sb- A-Xn¬-\n-∂pw- \p-ap-ºv,- ln-Pvd- - ]-Ømw- h¿-jw- H-cp-e£ - w- A-\p-bm-bn-It- fm-sSm∏w-
kzo-I-cn-°m≥- A\p-hm-Zw- sIm-Sp-°m-Ø- d-kq¬.- A-td-_y-bp-sS- A-t±-lw- B-Zy-sØ-bpw- A-hk - m-\t- Ø-Xp-am-b- l-PvP - v- \n¿-hl - n®p.-
A¿-≤-`m-K-Øn-s≥-dbpw- A-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºm-gpw- X-s≥-d- ho-
´n¬- H-cp-]n-Sn- [m-\y-hpw- H-cp- Xp-I¬-]m-{X-hpw- am-{Xw- _m-°n-sh-®n- A-hn-sS-sh-®v- A-t±-lw- l-Pv-P-Øp¬- hn-Zm-C-se- {]-kw-Kw-
cp-∂- \-_n.- B- Po-hn-X-Øn-\v- A-[n-Im-cw- kp-J-tem-ep-]-X-°p-≈- F-∂- v- {]-kn-≤-am-b- {]-kw-Kw- sN-bv-Xp.- a-l-Øm-sbm-cp- a-\p-jym-h
am¿-K-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- {]XypX,- \o-Xn-\n¿-h-l-W-Øn-\p-≈- ]m-X- am- Im-i- {]-Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp-∂p- A-Xv.-
{X-am-bn-cp-∂p.- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™p-:- "A-√m-lp-hn-t\m-Sv- Iq-dpw- `-Iv-Xn-bp-ap-≈-
ap-l-Ω-Zn-(k)-s≥-d- Ip-Spw-_-Po-hn-Xw- t\m-°p-I.- `m-cy-am-tcmSv- h-cm-bn- h¿-Øn-°p-hn-≥.- \n-ßf - p-sS- c-IvX - h- pw- [-\h - pw- A-`n-am-\hpw-
A-t±-lw- \o-Xn- ]p-e¿-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.- k-¥m-\-ß-tfm-Sv- A-t±-lw- kv- ]m-h-\-am-Ip-∂p.- \n-ß-fp-sS- \m-Y-\p-am-bn- I-≠p-ap-´p-∂- A-h-k-c-
t\-lw- {]-I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.- t]-c-°p-´n-I-sf- hm-¬-k-ey-]q¿-∆w- ]-cn- Øn¬- \n-ß-fp-sS- sN-bv-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®v- A-h≥- tNm-Zyw- sN-øpw.-
em-fn-°m-\-t±-lw- B¿-Øn- Im-Wn-®n-cp-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- F-∂- `¿-Øm- ]-en-i- \n-tcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-\n-kv-em-an-I-Xz-Øn-t≥-d-Xm-b- F-√m-
hn-s\-°p-dn-®v- H-cp- ]-cm-Xn-bpw- ]-d-bm≥- A-t±-l-Øn-s≥-d- `m-cy-am¿- hn-[- c-IvX- ∏- I- I- f
- pw- {]-Xn-Im-c- \-S] - S- n-If - pw- d-±v- sN-øs - ∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.-
°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.- X-s≥-d- Ip-Spw-_° - m-tcm-Sv- A-t±-lw- I-cp-W- ImWn- h-gn-]n-g-∏n-°m≥- th-≠n-h-cp-∂- ]n-im-Nn-s≥-d- Zp¿-t_m-[-\-sØ-°p-
®n-cp-∂p.- Ip-Spw-_-_-\v-[w- ]p-e¿-Øm≥- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- {]-tXy-Iw- dn-®v- Pm-K-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-°p-I.- \n-ß-tfm-Sv- \n-ß-fp-sS- ]-Xv-\n-am¿-°v-
Xm¬-]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.- I-S∏- m-Sp-≈X - p-t]m-se- \n-߃-°v- A-ht- cm-Sv- I-S∏ - m-Sp-If - p-≠v.- \nß-
fp-sS- ap-ºn¬- c-≠v- Im-cy-߃- hn-t´-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv- Rm≥- t]m-Ip-
kv-t\-l-Øn-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I≥- ∂-Xv.- A-h- ap-dp-sI- ]n-Sn-°p-∂-]-£w- F-\n-°p-ti-jw- \n-߃- hgn-
63 64
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

]n-g®- p-t]m-hp-Ib - n-√.- A-√m-lp-hn-s≥-d- {K-\Y v- h

- pw- A-hs
- ≥-d- Zq-Xs≥d- F-∂n-´v- A-t±-lw- ]-d-bp-∂p-:- "C-sXm-∂pw- X-s≥-d- I-gn-hp-sIm-
N-cy-bp-a-s{X- A-Xv.- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- ]-c-kv-]-cw- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv.- ≠-√.- ssZ-h-Øn-s≥-d- I-gn-hv- sIm-≠v- am-{X-am-Wv.- A-h≥- am-\-h-cm-
\n߃- ]-ck - v]
- c- w- I-gp-Ød- p-°c - p-Xv.- a-\p-jy-tc,- \n-ßf - p-sS- ssZhw- in-°v- am-Xr-I-bm-bn- F-s∂- \n-tbm-Kn-®ncn-°p-∂p.- \n-߃- F-s∂-
H-∂v,- \n-ß-fp-sS- ]n-Xm-hv- H-∂v.- \n-ß-sf-√mw- B-Z-an¬-\n-∂v.- B-Z-ta- A-\p-k-cn-°p-I- A-Xm-Wv- tam-£-Øn-\p-≈- am¿-Kw'.-
m- a-Æn¬-\n-∂pw.- Iq-Sp-X¬- ssZ-h-`-Iv-Xn-bp-≈-h-\m-Wv- A-√m-lp-hn- A-t±-lw- I-f-hv- ]-d-™-Xm-bn- sX-fn-hp-t≠m?-
¶¬- t{i-jv-T≥.- A-d-_n-°v- A-\-d-_n-sb-°m-tfm- A-\-d-_n-°v- A-d- C-√.-
_n-tb-°m-fp-tam- `-b-`-Iv-Xn-sIm-≠-√m-sX- bm-sXm-cp- a-l-Xz-hp-an-√-;-
ap-kv-enw-I-tf......- F-\n-°p-ti-jw- H-cp- {]-hm-N-I-\n-√.- \n-߃-°p- B- Po-hn-X-Øn¬- h-√- a-lm-]m-]-ß-fpw- B-sc-¶n-epw- B-tcm-
ti-jw- H-cp- k-ap-Zm-b-hp-an-√.- \n-ß-fp-sS- \m-Y-s\- B-cm-[n-°pI.- ]n-®n-´p-t≠m?-
A-©p-t\-cw- \-ak - °v- c
- n-°p-Ib- pw- k-°m-Øv- sIm-Sp-°p-Ib - pw- {hXw- C-√.-
A-\p-jv-Tn-°p-I-bpw- l-Pv-Pv- \n¿-∆-ln-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-I.- \n-ß-fn¬- A-Xp-t]m-se- \n-kvX - p-ea- m-sbm-cp- am-Xr-I- tem-IN - c- n-{X-Øn¬-
\n-∂p-≈- `-c-W-I¿-Øm-°-sf- A-\p-k-cn-°p-I.- F-¶n¬- \n-ß-fp-sS- B-cp-tS-sX-¶n-ep-ap-t≠m?-
\mY-s≥-d- kz¿-K-Øn¬- {]-th-in-°mw'.- C-√.-
F-¶n¬-]n-s∂- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- \-ap-°-t±-l-sØ- A-\p-k-cn-®p-
\mw- Nn-¥n-°p-I-!- Iq-Sm?-
\m¬-]-Xv- h-b- m-Ip-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv- B-cm-bn-cp-∂p- ap-l-Ω-Zv?- F-¥p-sIm-≠v- A-t±-lw- ]-d-™-Xv- hn-iz-kn-®p-Iq-Sm?-
\n-c-£-c-\m-b- H-cp- C-S-b-_m-e≥.- A-\v-[-Im-c- \n-_n-V-am-b- {]-tZi-
Øn-se- H-cp- km-[m-cW - ° - m-c≥.- k-Xy-k\ - [
v- a
- m-b- H-cp- I-®h
- S- °
- mc≥.- F-¥p-sIm-≠-t±-l-sØ- am-Xr-I-bm-°n-°q-Sm?-
Cu- ap-lΩ - Z- n-\v- F-hn-sS-\n-∂m-Wv- \m¬-]X - m-as- Ø- h-b  - n¬- F-¥p-sIm-≠-t±-l-sØ- ]-n≥-Xp-S¿-∂p-Iq-Sm?-
Cu- Pv-Rm-\-sa-√mw- e-`n-®-Xv?- A-t±-l-Øn-eq-sS- A-h-X-cn-°-s∏-´- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-tam?-
k¿-hI - m-e- {]-kI - vX
- ß- f
- m-b- [m¿-an-I- \n-ba - ß
- s- f-√mw- At±- AZ-v`- p-Xß
- f
- p-sS- AZ-v`- p-Xh - pw- hn-PvR
- m-\k- m-Kc
- h
- p-am-WX - v.- tI-
lw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- sa-\-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv?- h-e-sam-cp- a-X-{K-\v-Y-sa-∂-Xn-ep-]-cn- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(k)-s≥-d- {]-hm-N-I-Xz-
cm-j{v- So-bh - pw- km-ºØ - n-Ih- p-am-b- kn-≤m-¥ß - ƒ- F-ßs - \bm- Øn-\p-≈- A-am-\p-jn-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥w- Iq-Sn-bm-W-Xv.- B- A-am-\p-jn-
Wv- ]-S-®-Xv?- I- {K-\v-Y-sØ- sh-√p-hn-fn-°m≥- am-\-h-cm-in-°v- C-Xp-h-sc- I-gn-™n-
H-cn-°e - pw- am-‰Ø- n-cp-Øe - p-Iƒ- th-≠n-h∂ - n-´n-√m-Ø- km-∑m¿- ´n-√.- C-\n-sbm-´v- I-gn-bp-I-bp-an-√.-
Kn-I- X-Xz-߃- F-hn-sS- \n-∂m-Wv- A-t±-lw- D-≠m-°n-bXv?- ap-ºp-≈- th-Z-{K-\v-Y-ß-fn-se- h-cm-\n-cn-°p-∂- ssZ-h-Zq-X-s\-
H-tc-sbm-cp- hy-Iv-Xn- X-s∂- D-Pv-Pz-e-\m-b- km-aq-ln-I- ]-cn-jv- °p-dn-®p-≈- ap-gp-h≥- {]-h-N-\-ß-fpw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bn-eq-sS- ]q¿-
°¿-Øm-hpw- A-Xn-k-a¿-∞-\m-b- \n-b-a-Pv-R-\pw- iq-c-\m-b- ssk- Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv- \mw- a-\- n-em-°n.- am-\p-jn-I- I-c-hn-cp-Xp-Iƒ°v-
\ym-[n-]-\pw- A-Xn-i-Iv-X-\m-b- cm-Py-X-{¥-Pv-R-\pw- A-Xn-_p-≤n-am- hn-t[-b-am-°-s∏-´-v sX-‰pw- i-cn-bpw- k-Ωn-{i-am-bn- In-S-°p-∂- th-Z-
\m-b- X-Xz-Pv-Rm-\n-bpw- A-Xn-Xo-{h-am-b- `-b-`-Iv-Xn- D-≈-h-\pw- kvt\- ß-fn¬-t]m-epw- ap-lΩ - Z- n-(k-)s- ≥-d- B-Ka - \
- s
- Ø-°p-dn-®v- hy-IX v- a- mb-
l-k-º-∂-\m-b- H-cp- Ip-Spw-_-\m-Y-\pw- kv-t\-ln-X-\pw- F-√m-sa-√m- {]-h-N-\-߃- _m-°n- \n¬-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬- ssZ-hm-h-Xo¿-W-am-b-
am-bn-cn-°p-I.- cq-]-Øn¬- A-h- e-`y-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- A-t±-l-sØ-°p-dn-®- Iq-Sp-

65 66
 k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥-

X¬- {]-h-N-\-߃- \-ap-°-h-bn¬- Im-Wm≥- I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.-

tam-si-sb-t∏m-ep-≈- {]-hm-NI - \- pw- k-Ie - k
- X
- y-Øn-epw- \oXn-
bn-epw- h-gn-\S- °
- m≥-th-≠n- tb-ip-hn-\p-ti-jw- h-∂- k-Xy-Øn-s≥d-
B-Xv-am-hpw- a-lm-Nm-cy-\m-b- a-cp-`q-an-bn-se- a-lm-a-Zp-sa-√mw- A-¥na-
{]-hm-NI- \
- m-b- ap-lΩ
- Z- m-(k)-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- Im-Wmw.- a-lm-aZ- n-s≥d-
A-\p-bm-bn-Iƒ- tN-em-I¿-Ωw- sN-øp-∂h - c- pw- Xm-Sn-hf- ¿-Øp-∂h - c- pw-
]-ck
- y-am-bn- {]m¿-∞\ - °
- v- £-Wn-°p-∂h - c - pw- A-km-∑m¿-§n-IX - s- b-
F-Xn¿-°p-∂-h-cpw- ]-∂n-amw-k-a-√m-Ø- a-‰v- am-w-k-߃- `-£n-°p-∂-
h-cp-sa-∂- hym-k-ap-\n-bp-sS- {]-h-N-\w- (`-hn-jy¬-]p-cm-Ww- 3:-3:-3:-
25˛28)- F-{X-tØm-fw- k-Xy-k-\v-[-am-bn-´m-Wv- ap-l-Ω-Zn-(k)-s≥d- A-
\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬- ]p-e¿-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xv-!-!-!-
˛\-ap-°v- hn-iz-kn-°mw-˛ ap-l-Ω-Zv- (k)-
tem-I-{k-jv-Sm-hpw- \n-b-¥m-hpw- B-cm-[y-\p-am-b- ssZ-h-Øn-
s≥-d- Zq-X-\m-Ip-∂p.- k-am-[m-\-Øn-s≥-d- Zq-X≥.-
k-Xy-k-\v-[-\m-b- {]-hm-N-I≥.-
ap≥- {]-hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-b-√mw- ]n≥-Km-an.-
a-\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn-\v- {k-jv-Sm-hn-te-°p-≈- h-gn-Im-´n.-
A-t±-l-sØ- \n-cp-]m-[n-Iw- A-\p-k-cn-°p-I.-
A-Xm-Wv- tam-£-Øn-te-°p-≈- am¿-Kw.-

*****
Iq-Sp-X-e-dn-b-m≥-:-

U-b-d-Iv-S¿-
\n-®v- Hm-^v- {Sq-Øv-
I-em-`h≥- tdm-Uv-
sIm-®n≥-˛ 682 018
t^m¨-:- 0484˛ 367810,- 352421
^-m-Iv-kv-:- 0484˛380746
website: www.nicheoftruth.org
e-mail: islam@nicheoftruth.org