\a- k v I mcw

tImb°p´n ^mdqJn

-bphX _pIv lukv

]n _n \º¿: 524
B¿ Fw tdmUv , tImgn- t °m- S v - ˛ 2

malayalam
title : namaskaram
author : koyakkutty farooqui
publishers : yuvatha book house
p b no: 524, calicut - 2
Ph: 2701812,2700172
Fax: 2703870
first edition : Deccmber 2003
type setting : micro print, calicut-2
cover: azeez palazhi
printed at : redstar, clt.
YBH 229 copyright reserved
C 2000 price : rs. 35
BapJw
\n߃ \a- k v I mcw \ne- \ n¿ØpI. \n›bw \a- k v I mcw
\oNhrØn-bn¬ \n∂pw \njn-≤-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw XS-bp∂p (hn-ip≤-
Izp¿- B ≥ 29- : 45). A√mlp a\p- j y- h w- i sØ Adn- b n- ® - X m- W n
°mcyw. kXy-hn-izm-k-apƒsIm≠ HcmfpsS BZy I¿a-amWv \a-
kvImcw. \a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-hs\ apkven-sa-∂p-]-d-bm-h-X-√.
\a- k v I mcw \n¿h- l n- ° - W - s a- ∂ - X n\v I¿i- \ - a mb I¬]- \ - I -
fp≠v . ]s£ apkv e nw \ma- [ m- c n- I - f n¬ ]ecpw CXp- t ]- £ n-°p- °p-
∂p≠v . ]e- I m- c - W - ß - f p- ≠ n- X n\v . \a- k v ° mcw F¥n- s \t∂m
AXvsIm-≠p≈ t\´-ß-sf-s¥t∂m s¥t∂m Nn¥n-°m-s\m-cp-ßm- Ø- Ø-Xn\m¬
sNdp- ∏ - I mew sXm´p ]cn- i o- e \w e`n- ° m- Ø - X n- \ m¬ {]Xn- I qe
kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ sN∂p s]Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ae-k-X-bm¬, A-⁄-
X-bm¬ A‘-amb `uXn-I-X-bm¬ AXv Dt]-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
B {]hm-N-I≥am¿°v tijw Hcp ]n≥Xe-apd h∂p. Ah¿
\a- k v I mcw ]mgm- ° p- I bpw tZtl- O - I sf ]n≥Xp- S - c p- I bpw
sNbv X p. Xo¿®- b mbpw Ah¿ Zp¿am¿K ^ew (\- (\- c Iw) Is≠-
ØpI Xs∂ sNøpw (hn.-Izp.19.59) F∂v ap≥k-ap-Zm-b-ßsfIpdn®v
Izp¿- B ≥ {]kv X m- h n®Xv C∂sØ apkv e nwIfn¬ A\z¿Y- a m- b n-
cn- ° p- ∂ pthm? F∂m¬ ]›m- Ø - ] n- ° p- I bpw hniz- k n- ° p- I bpw
k¬I¿a \nc-X-cm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-h-scm-gnsI. Ah¿ kz¿K-Øn¬
{]th- i n- ° pw; Ah¿ A{I- a n- ° - s ∏- S p- I bn√ (hn.Izp.19:60) F∂
ssZh hN\w \ap- ° m- i zm- kta- t- a- I p- ∂ p≠v .
\a- k v I m- c m- h - k cw Hcp kXyhnizmknbpsS AXym- \ - µ - I - c -
amb aplq¿Ø- a mWv . AXv bYm- h n[n D]- tbm- K n- ° p- ∂ - h ¿ hnP-
bn°pw. A-√mlp A\p-{K-ln-°-s´.
]{¥≠v h¿j-߃°v apºv kºq¿Æ \a-kv-Imc{Iaw F∂
Hcp sIm®p IrXn Cubp- ≈ - h ≥ cNn- ° p- I - b p- ≠ mbn. hnZym¿Yn
Pnhn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v A≤ym-]IhrØn-bn-¬ {]th-in® DSs\bmbn-
cp∂p AXv. hfsc [rXn ]nSn®m-WXv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cp-∂Xv. a-e-bm-
fn- I ƒ°n- S - b n¬ hn]p- e - a mb {]N- c - W - a n- X n\p e`n®Xv . bmYm-
ÿnXnI-cn¬ \n∂v cq£ hna¿i\ßfpw th-≠p-thmfw Db¿∂p.
ta¬ IrXn-bn¬ ]pXp-Xmbn NneXpIqSn NneXpIqSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønbpw
Bh-iy-amb ]cn-jvIcWw hcp-Ønbpw ]p\x{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-\m-
{K-ln-®n-cn-°p-
°p-tºm-
tºm- gmWvgmWv "C^vXm'bpsS dnbm-Znse _ZoA bqWn‰v,
\a- k v I mc hnj- b- Ø n¬ kuP\y hnX- c - W - Ø n- ∂ mbn Hcp kzX-
{¥- I rXn Xøm- d m- ° - W - s a∂v Ft∂mSv Bh- i y- s ∏- ´ Xv . Aß- s \-
bmWv Cu ]pkvXIw Xøm¿ sNbvXXv. bphX Bh-iy-s∏-´-X-\p-
k-cn®v Nne am‰-ß-tfmsS ]p\:{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°pIbmWv.
]pXpapkv e nw- I - s fbpw Ad_n `mjm- ] - c n- ⁄ m- \ an√m- Ø - h -
scbpw ]cn- K - W n®v apgp- h ≥ {]m¿Y- \ - I fpsSbpw kmc- Ø n\p
]pdsa Ah- b psS DZm- l - c - W w- I qSn ae- b mf en]n- bn¬ CXn¬
tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. \mep A≤ym-b-ß-fmbn ]pkvXIw `mKn-®n-´p≠v.
BZy-Ir-
Ir-Xn-Xn-bn¬ lZo-kp- kp-Ifp-f- p-ambn ]q¿Wambn tbmPn-°mØ hn[w
im^nCu ^nIzv-lns‚ kzm[o\w \ng-en®n-´p-s≠∂ KpWImw£nI-
fpsS A`n- { ]mbw Nne hnj- b - ß - f n¬ kq£v a ]T\w A\n- h m- c y- {]km- [ - I - ° p- d n∏v
am°n. Ip‰a‰ lZo- k p- I - f psS psS shfn- ® - Ø n¬ Xs∂-Xs∂- b m- I Ww Cu
IrXn F∂p \n¿_‘w ]pe¿Øn. A√m- l p- h ns‚ A\p- { K- l -
Øm¬ km[y-amIp∂ hn[w A°mcyw \n¿∆-ln®p F∂p kam-[m-
\n-°p∂p. CXpw Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-sW∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n√. sX‰p-Iƒ
a\pjy kl-P-am-Wt√m. {]hm-N-I≥ (k.-A) am{Xta sX‰n¬\n∂v
ap‡-\m-hp-I-bp≈q. ktlm-Z-c-_p≤ym kZvhn-Nm-c-tØmsS A]m-
I-X-Iƒ Nq≠n-Im-Wn-°-emWv am\yX. A-]m-I-X-Iƒ Nq≠n-Im-Wn-
°p∂ A\p- h m- N - I - t cmSv IS- s ∏- ´ - h - \ m- b n- c n°pw Cu Ffnbh≥.
km[m-c- c-W°m¿°p°- m¿°p {Kln-°p∂hn[w
°p∂hn[w efn-X-am°m\p≈ am°m\p≈ {ia-Øns‚
Pb- ] - c m- P - b - ß ƒ hmb- \ - ° m¿ hne- b n- c p- Ø pI.pI.
Cu {iaw kzoIm-cy- cy-tbm-
tbm-Ky-amb amb Hcp I¿a-ambn AwKo-I- I-cn-
cn-°s´
F∂ {]m¿Y- \ - t bmsS Cu IrXn s]mXp P\- k - a £w ka¿∏n- ° p-
∂p.

tImb-°p´n ^mdqJn
tImgn t°mSv d uZ Øp¬ Deqw ,
1 ˛5 ˛ 20 0 3 ] n. H. ^ md qI zv tI mt fP v
 Xmfp-I-f-n¬ Fßs\ \akvIcn°Ww............................................
\msa¥n\v \akv°cn°Ww...................................... \a- k v I m- c - { Iaw
Ckvem-anse hn[n dpIq- A v
F¥n\p \a-kv°-cn-°Ww CAvXnZm¬
t\´-߃ ssIh-cn-°m≥ kpPqZpIfpw Ccp- Ø hpw
`‡s‚ \a-kv°mcw A Øi l vl pZ v
` ‡ n b p ≠m I m ≥ Zp¿_e- s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ p.
kwL-SnX \a-kv°mcw ad- h n°p ]Icw kpPqZv
Dt]-£n-°p-∂-h¿°v Xm°oXv HmXn- b - X n\p kpPqZv
t\´-߃ Ip\qØv
acym- Z - I ƒ Iq´p- { ]m¿Y\
AZmDw JZmDw
XømsdSp∏v ........................................................................
\Pkpw ip≤o- I - c - W hpw hnhn[ \akv°mc߃.....................................................
EXp c‡w PwDw Izkv d pw
{]khc‡w PpapA \a- k v ° mcw
c‡{kmhw CuZp \a-kv°mcw
henb Aip≤n {KlW \a- k v I mc߃
AwK- i p≤n CkvXn-kvIzm-Av
hpZp apdn- b p∂ Imcy- ß ƒ kp ∂Øp \a kvImc߃
XbΩpw I zn bm ap ss√¬ ˛ h n Xv ¿
Jp^v^ XS-h¬ CkvXn-Jmd
\ K v\ X ad °¬ aønØv \a-kvImcw
\-a-kv°mc ka-b-߃ A Z r iy a øn Ø n\ v \ a kv I mcw
Izn _ve°v t\sc I z _ v d n ≥t a ¬ \ a k v I m c w
_m¶pw CIzm-aØpw
\akvImcw \akvImcw 9

\mw F¥n\v \a-kvI-cn-°Ww

k Xy- h n- i zm- k - a pƒs°m≠ Hcm- f psS BZysØ I¿a- a mWv
\a-kvImcw. \a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-h≥ bYm¿Y apkven-a√. a\-]q¿hw
\a- k v I m- c - a p- t ]- £ n- ° p- ∂ apkv e n- a ns\ `c- W - I q- S - Ø n\ v in£n-
°m≥ Ckvemw Ah-Imiw \¬In-bn-´p≠v.
Bcm-[-\-°¿l≥ A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-cp-an-s√∂pw apl-ΩZv
(k.-A) A√m-lp-hns‚ ZqX-\m-sW∂pap≈ kXy-km£yw {]Jym-
]n- ° p- I bpw \a- k v I mcw \ne- \ n¿Øp- I bpw sNbv X m¬ Ah- c psS
c‡hpw [\hpw kwc-£n-°m≥ m≥ Ckvem-anI `c-W-IqSw \n¿_‘n- \n¿_‘n-
X-amWv. (_pJm-cn, apkvenw)
Hcp apkvenapw A√m-Ø-h\pw XΩn-ep≈ apJy A¥cw \a-
kv I mcw Xs∂- b m- W v . AXp- t ]- £ n- ° p- ∂ - h ≥ Ahn- i zm- k n- b m- Wv
(Xp¿ap- Z n, Alv a - Z v , \km- C u, lmInw). \a- k v I mcw aX- Ø ns‚
s\Spw XqWmWv (Pm-an-D--Kzo¿, aph-Xz, ss_l-Izn). Hcp Zmk≥
Ah- s ‚ I¿a- ß fn¬ ]c- t em- I Øv BZy- a mbn hnNm- c W t\cn- S p-
∂Xv \a- k v I m- c sØ Ipdn- ® mWv . AXv kzoIm- c y- s a- ¶ n¬ a‰p-I ¿a-
ßfpw kzoIm-cyw. As√-¶n¬ F√mw Ah-\n-te°v Xs∂ Xncn-s®-
dn-b-s∏Spw. (A-lva-Zv, Xz_vdm-\n, C_v\p-ln-∫m≥)
\a- kvIm cw Ckvemans‚ H∂masØ H∂masØ {]ISamb Nn”amWv.
Ahkm\tØXpw AXpXs∂bmbncn°pw (Alv aZv). \akvImcw A{]
Xy£amb kaqlw \mi-Øn-seØn-°-gn-s™-∂p-kmcw.
Hcp apkv e n- a ns‚ c‡wNn¥m≥ A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a mb kµ¿`-
߃ aqs∂-Æ-amWv. sIme-°p‰w, hn-hm-ln-Xs‚ hy`n-Nmcw, kaq-
l- Ø n¬ \n∂v H‰- s ∏- S p∂ aXNn”w Dt]- £ n- ° ¬ (_p- J m- c n,
aqkvenw). Cu {]am-W-a-\p-k-cn®v aX-Nn-”-amb \a-kvImcw ]Xn-
hmbn Dt]-£n-®m¬ Ah¿°v ]c-am-h[n in£-bmb sIme `c-W-
Iq-S-Øn∂p hn[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-sW-∂mWv ]WvUn-X-a-Xw (In-Xm-_p-
z-emXv-˛-C-_v\p-Iz-ønw).
\akvImcw
\_n(- k .A)- b psS injy≥am- c n¬ {]ap- J ¿ apgp- h \pw, \a-
kv I mcw Icp- X n- I q´n Dt]- £ n®h≥ Im^n¿ (A- h n- i zm- k n)- B -W v
F∂-Xn¬ GIm-`n-{]m-b-°m-cm-Wv. (C-_v\p¬ Izønw)
lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ ssZh-kva-cW \ne-\n¿Øepw ]m]-߃ s]mdp-
°- s ∏- S epw \c- I - t am- N - \ - h pw- kz¿K- { ]- t h- ihp-
- a mWv \a- k v I m- c -
-hp-
Øns‚ ]c- a - { ]- [ m- \ - a mb e£y- ß ƒ. ssZh- h p- a m- b p≈ kpi- ‡ -
_‘w ÿm]n-°-emWv \a-kvIm-c-Øn-eqsS a\p-jy≥ t\Sn-sb-Sp-
°p- ∂ Xv . {k- j v S mhpam- b p≈ krjv S n- b psS _‘w Ahs\ AP-
ø-\m-°p∂p. D∂-X≥am-cpam-bp≈ Hcp- km-[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ _‘w
Abmsf i‡\pw {]ap- J - \ p- a m- ° p- a - t √m.- {k- j v S m- h pw ]cn- ] m- e -
I\pw k¿∆- Ø n- s ‚- b pw - D - S - a - ÿ - \ p- w {]]- © - Ø ns‚ Xs∂ \mY-
\pamb A√m- l p- h p- a m- b p≈ _‘w Abmƒ°v \ev I p- ∂ Bizm-
khpw AwKo- I m- c hpw i‡nbpw kwc- £ - W - t _m- [ hpw Ah¿Æ-
\o-bhpw hm°p-Iƒ°-Xo-X-hp-amWv. Xs‚ `mc-ß-fn-d-°n-sh-°m≥
Hcp AØm-Wn-bmbn Xs‚ lrZbhyY-Iƒ kZm Adn-™psIm≠n-
cn- ° p∂ Hcp- h - s \ In´p- t ºmƒ a\p- j y≥ Db¿∂ ]Z- h n- b n- s e-
Øp∂p. Xs‚ Pohn- X - Ø n\p apgp- h ≥ shfn- ® w hoim≥ B
i‡n°v Ign- b p- s a- ¶ n¬ n¬ AØ- c - s amcp Iq´m- f n- b mb c£- I s\
kznI-cn® Cu Zp¿_-e\p F¥p-am{Xw i‡n kw`-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw.
Bflob[\y- X - b mWv a\p- j ys\ Pohn- ° m- \ ¿l- \ m- ° n-
Øo¿°p-
Øo¿ °p- ∂Xv
∂Xv. a\ns‚ Xmfw Xmfw sX‰p∂h¿
sX‰p∂h¿ BfllXy°v
BfllXy°v t]mepw Hcp
sºSp∂Xp \mw ImWp∂p. a\pjy≥ BXy¥nIambn B{Kln°p∂
XmWv, Xm≥Xm≥ Icp-W-e-`n® A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mbn Pohn-°-W-sa-∂Xv. \n-
ß- ƒ aq∂p- I m- c y- ß ƒ \n¿h- l n- ® m¬ IcpW e`n® A\p- K r- l o- X -
cm-Ip-
Ip-sa∂v A√mlp \sΩ Adn-bn-®n-cn- cn-°p∂p.
°p∂p. ""\n߃ \a-kv kvImcw
apd- { ]- I mcw A\p- j v T n- ° pI, kImØv \¬IpI, {]hm- N - I s\
A\p-k-cn-°pI, \n߃°v ImcpWyw e`n-t®°pw'' ®°pw'' (24:56).
ssZhkv a cW Bflm- h ns\ kwkv I r- X hpw kw]p- j v S - h p- a m-
°p∂p. Izp¿-B≥ {]Jym-]n-°p∂p: ""hniz-kn-°pIbpw ssZh-kva-
cWbm¬ a\-pIƒ im¥-X-b-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿. {i≤n-°pI,
sZh-kva-c-W-sIm-≠-s{X -a-\-p-Iƒ im¥-am-bn-Xo-cp-∂Xv'' (13:28)
10 \akvImcw 11
kmaply_‘w a\pjykaq- l - Ø ns‚ \ne- \ n¬∏n\v Xs∂
{][m-\-L-SI-ambn h¿Øn-°p∂p. Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ `{ZX IW-
°n- s e- S p- ° p- t ºmƒ {]tXy- I n®pw. \a- k v I mcw hnizm- k n- kaq-
lsØ Htc Nc-Sn¬ tIm¿Øn-W-°p-∂p. kmtlm-Zcyw Du´nbpd-
∏n-°p∂p. ""(_-lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-Iƒ) ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw \a-
kv I mcw apd- { ]- I mca\p- j v T n- ° p- I bpw kImØv \¬Ip- I bpw
sNøp- t ºmƒ Ah¿ aX- Ø nse \nß- f psS ktlm- Z - c - ß - f m- b n-
Øocpw.'' (9:11)
kXy- k - ‘ X Hcp kaqlw \√- h - c m- s W- ∂ - X ns‚ \nZ¿i\
amWv . \- a - k v I m- c hpw kXy- k - ‘ - X bpw Ak- X yhpw [n°m- c hpw
ka- \ z- b n- ∏ n®p Xmc- a - X - a y- s ∏- S p- Ø nb hnip≤ Izp¿B\ns‚ ]cm-
a¿iw hfsc {it≤-b-amW v. ""F∂meh¿(-k- k-Xy-
Xy-Øn¬)-hn-iz-kn-®n√
\a-kvI-cn-®-Xp-an√. Ah≥ (kXyw) \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw ([n-°-cn-®p)
-]n-¥n-cn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. (75:31,32)
AXm-bXv \ntj[n Ahn-izm-kn-bmWv. \a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-h\pw
Ahn-izm-kn-bmWv. ssZh-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n√; \a-kv°-cn-®-Xp-
an√. At∏mƒ Ah≥ [n°m-cn-bmbn Xo¿∂p F∂pkmcw.
ssZh I¬∏\°p≈ ]q¿W A¿∏- W - a mWv \a- k v I m- c - Ø n-
eqsS HcSna {]Z¿in- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ Xv . ssZh- k v a - c - W - b m¬ a\pjy
lrZbw hn\- b m- \ zn- X - a m- I p- t ºmƒ Ah≥ Xs‚ {kjv S m- h ns‚
apºn¬ \{ainc- k v I - \ mbn hogpw. Xs‚ lrZbw ZrVhnizm- k -
Øm¬ ]qcn-X-am-hp-ambn-cn°pw. ""\ΩpsS ZrjvSm-¥-߃ D¬t_m-
[\w sNø-s∏-´m¬ kmwjvSmKw {]W-an-°p-∂-h-cmbn hogp-∂-h¿
am{X- a mWv hniz- k n- ° p- I . Ah¿ Xß- f psS c£n- X m- h ns\
kvXpXn®psIm≠v {]Io¿Øn-°p-I-bpw sNøpw Ah¿ Alw-`mhw
\Sn-°p-I-bp-an-√.'' (-32:15)
Ahn- i zm- k hpw k≥am¿K hyXn- N - e - \ hpw kw`hn°mXn- c n-
\akvImcw 12 \akvImcw 13

°p∂- X n- \ p≈ i‡- a mb ]mdm- h p-p- I m- c - \ mWv \a- k v I mcw.

mcw. ka- b - injy≥am¿ adp-]Sn ]d™p: C√, Hcn-°epan√. At∏mƒ Ahn-Sp∂v Sp∂v
_- ‘ nX ssZh- k v a - c Wbn¬ hnizmkw h¿≤n®p sIm≠n- c n°pw. Acpfn: A{]- I mcw Xs∂- b mWv A©p t\csØ \a- k v I m- c hpw.
`uXnIX a\p- j ys\ [¿a\njv T - b n¬\n∂v AI‰ns°m≠p Ah- b m¬ A√mlp A√mlp Ahs‚ ]m]- ß fJn- e hpw hpw \o°n Ahs\
t]mIp∂p. AXn-∂n-S-bn¬ Bh¿Øn-®m-k-∂-am-Ip∂ \a-kvImcw iq≤o-I-cn°pw (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kvenw).
hyXn-N- N-e-
e-\-Øn¬ \n∂-hs\hs\ ImØv c£n-°p∂p. Cu kXyw AwKo- Npcp- ° - Ø n¬ \a- k v ° mcw k¿∆{X \∑- I fpsSbpw Dd- h n- S -
I- c n- ° m- Ø - h s\ A√mlp in£ sIm≠v i‡n- b mbn Xm-°oXp ° oXp amWv. AXp-t]-£n-°¬ I\Ø \jvS-Øn-\n-S-bm°pw. \_n(-k)-]-
sNøp∂p. ""\n߃ (C-hn-sS) A¬]wam{Xw Xn∂p-Ibpw kpJn-°p- d™p: B¿ \a- k v I mcw kq£- a - X - t bmsS IrXy- a mbn A\p- j v T n-
Ibpw sNbvXpsIm≈p-I. \nß-ƒ Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ Xs∂ Xo¿®. B ®pthm AXv {]Im- i hpw hy‡- a mb (B- fl m-m- h ns‚) {]am-Whpw W hpw
Znhkw (]-c-tem-I-Øv) \ntj-[n®p X≈n-b-h¿°mWv \miw. Ah- A¥y-\m-fn¬ tam£-Øn\v \nZm-\-hp-am-bn-cn°pw. B¿ AXv Dt]-
tcmSp Ipºn-Sq(-\-a-kvI-cn-°q) F∂p ]d-b-s∏-´m¬ Ah¿ Ipºn-Sp- £n-®pthm Ah-∂p-sh-fn-®-an√, {]am-W-an√, tamN-\-hp-an√. A¥y-
I- b n√.'' (77:46- ˛ 48) Zn-\-Øn¬ Ah≥ (ssZ-h-[n-°m-cn-Ifpw tkzOm-[n-]-Xn-I-fp-am-bn-cp-
∂)- ^ - t dm- h , - J m- d q≥,- lm- a m≥,- D- _ øp_v \ p- J ¬^v * F∂n- h -
cpsSIqsS (\-c-I-Øn¬) Bbn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
\a- k v I mcw {i≤n- ° mØ P\- X °v kw`- h n- ° p∂ `hnjyØv
hnip≤ Izp¿- B ≥ {]kv X m- h n- ° p- ∂ Xv Xv C{]- I m- c - a mWv : ""F∂n´
""F∂n´vv
ssZh-hp-ambn Hc-Sna G¿s∏-Sp∂ kpi-‡-amb Hcp IcmdmWv Ah¿°v ({]-hm-N-I≥am¿) tijw (A-h-cpsS) ]n≥X-e-apd h∂p.
\a-kvIm-cw. B Icm-dns‚ ]pXp-°-emWv AXns‚ Bh¿Ø\w. Ah¿ \a-kv°mcw ]mgm-°p-Ibpw tZtl-O-Isf ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw
ap- l - Ω Zv \_n (k)- ] - d - b p∂p. ""A©p- { ]m- h - i ysØ \a- k v I mcw sNbv X p. X≥aqew Zp¿am¿K- Ø ns‚ ^ew (\- c - I w)- A- h ¿ Is≠-
ASn- a - I - f sS ta¬ {kjv S mhv \n¿_- ‘ - a m- ° n- b n- cn- ° p∂p. Ah Øp- ∂ - X p- a m- W v '' (19:59)
\n¿∆- l n- ° p- ∂ - h - \ p-p- a mbn A√mlp Icm-
Icm- d n- t e¿s∏- S p∂p.
p∂p. Ah∂p
kz¿Kw \¬Imsa∂-Xm-Wm-I-cm¿. AXv \n¿∆-ln-°m-Ø-h≥ Icm-
dn¬ \n∂p ]pd- Ø mWv . A√mlp Dt±- i n- ® m- e - h ∂p s]mdpØp
sImSp-tØ°mw. As√-¶n¬ in£n°pw. (A-lvaZv-˛-ap-kv\-Zv)
a\pjy {]Ir- X nbpw Np‰p- ] m- S p- I fpw Xn≥a- I fm¬ hebw t\´-߃ ssIh-cn-°m≥
sNø- s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ Xv Hcp bmYm¿Yy- a m- W t√m. Xn≥a- I ƒ Xß-fpsS k¿hkzhpw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ {]hm-N-I≥am¿ D]-
a\p- j ys\ Xcw Xmgv Ø p- I bpw Ahs‚ al- X z- Ø n\p If¶w tbm-Kn-®Xv \a-kvIm-c-sØ-bm-bn-cp∂p. {Kl-W-߃ _m[n®v P\w
Nm¿Øp- I bpw sNøp∂p. X¬^- e - a mbn Ip‰- t _m[w Ahs\ A‘mfn°ptºmgpw hcƒ® _m[n®v Pohn- I ƒ NsØm- S p- ß p-
\n¿ho- c y- \ m°pw. Cu Xn∑- I fn¬ \n∂v ap‡nt\Sn ]cn- i p- ≤ -\ m- tºmgpw PohnXw hgp-ap´n \n¬Ip-tºmgpw kt¥m-j-Øm¬ `cn-X-
Im≥ a\p- j y- a - \ -  p- I ƒ shº¬sIm≈pI kzm`m- h n- I - a m- W t√m. \m- I p- t ºmgpw ssZhm- \ p- { K- l sØ IqSp- X ¬ hmgv Ø n A√m- l p-
]m]- ß ƒ G‰psNm√n- b m¬ s]mdpØpXcm≥ Xøm- d m- s W∂ hns\ al-Xz-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn-\n-S-bn-ep-sa√mw {]hm-N-I≥ \a-kvIm-
hmKv Z m- \ - h p- a mbn Ahs‚ k¿∆- k z-z- a - d n- b p∂ c£n-
c£n- X mhv k∂- ≤ - c- Ø n¬ {]th- i n- ° p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. CØcw L´- ß - f n- s ems°bpw
ems°bpw
\mbn \n¬°p∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w B \mY-\p-ambn Hc-`n-apJ kw`m- ssZh Imcp- W y- Ø n\mbn sI©n Imcp- W y- h ms‚ apºn¬
j- W - Ø n- e qsS sX‰p- I p‰- ß - ƒ FÆn- ∏ - d - b m≥ A©p- { ]- h - i ysØ hoWpInS-°pI F∂Xv aXw \n¿tZ-in® hn[n-I-fn¬s∏-´-Xp-amWv.
Ah-k-chpw. alm-\mb {]hm-N-I-in-jy≥ A_qlpdbvd(-d) \nth- Ncm-N-c-߃ \n{ZsIm≈p-tºmƒ \n{Zm-hn-lo-\-\mbn A√m-lp-
Z\w sNøp∂p. \_n(- k )- ] - d ™p
""\nß- f n- s em- c p- h s‚ `h\ hmXn- e n- ∂ - c n- I n- e qsS Hcp * {]hm-N-
NI-
I
- \mb
\
- mb aqk(-A)bpsS
A)bpsS ITn-\-
\i-
i
- -{Xp-°-
°-fm-bn-
bn-cp∂p
cp∂p ^tdm-hbpw
hbpw
]pgsbmgp-Ip∂p. A©pt\c-a-Xn¬ Ah≥ (\∂mbn) Ipfn-°p∂p. Jmdq\pw lmam\pw. Ch¿ \cImhIminIfmsW∂p Izp¿B≥ hy‡am°n
bp-´p≠v
´p≠v.
Agp- ° p- I ƒ h√Xpw Ahs‚ ico- c - Ø n¬ Ah- t i- j n- ° ptam? apl-ΩZv
ΩZv (k)-bpsS ISpØ FXn-cm-fn- bm-
bm-bn-
bn-cp∂p
cp∂p D_-øp-_v
_v\p-J¬^v
\akvImcw
14
hns‚ apºn¬ Zo¿L-t\cw kpPqZv sNøp-∂-h¿°v aWn-am-fn-I-Iƒ
hmKv Z m\w sNø- s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X mbn Izp¿- B ≥ {]Jym- ] n- ° p∂p.
Imcp- W y- h ms‚ bYm¿Y Zmk- s c- ∂ m- W - h ¿°v Izp¿- B ≥ \ma- I -
cWw sNbvXn-cn- cn-°p-∂Xv
∂Xv. ]ecpw hne-]n- ]n-°m-dp≠v
dp≠v F{X {]m¿Yn-®n´pw
^e-an√m F∂v. Bflmhv \jvS-s∏´ ]Z-߃ am{Xw t{ImUo-I-cn®
I]S `‡n-bn¬ s]mXn- s]mXn-™ Dcp-hn-S¬ NS-ßm°n am‰nb Bcm-[-
\- I ƒ Bbncw h¿jw sNbv X mepw ^e- a p- ≠ m- I ptam? Hmtcm- c p-
Øcpw kz¥w Bflm-°-tfmSv tNmZnt°≠ tNmZy-am-Wn-Xv.
cwKw _Z¿ cWmw- ¶ Ww. c≠p hn`m- K hpw bp≤- Ø n- \ p≈
tIm∏p-Iƒ kam-l-cn-°p∂p. A¬]w AI-se- \_n(-k) kpPq-Zn¬
hoWv InS-°p∂p. c≠p c≠p klm-_n-Iƒ sas√ ASn-sh®v ASpØp
sN∂v ImXv Iq¿∏n®p \n∂p. B a-lm-\mb dkq¬ (k)- Xs‚ d∫n-
t\mSv ]d-bp∂p:
Fs‚ \mYm, (Zp¿∫-e-cm-b) Cu sNdp-kw-LsØsbßm\pw
\o \in-∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \o Hcn-°epw `qan-bn¬ Bcm-[n-°-s∏-
Sp-I-bn√. AsX√mw Ign™v Xe Db¿Øn t\m°p-tºmƒ Bbn-
c-°-W-°n\v ae-°p-Isf Iq´-ambn Cd-°n-bm¬ \n߃°v aXn-h-
cptam F∂p tNmZn-°p∂ Izp¿-B≥ hN-\-hp-ambn A√m-lp-hns‚
klmb hmKv Z m- \ - h p- a mbn Pn_v c o¬ B- K - X - \ mbn. Bbn- c - ° - W -
°n\v ae-°p-Iƒ apkvenw-I-fpsS ]mZ-ap-d-∏n-°m-\mbn Cdßn h∂
\nan- j - ß ƒ i{Xp ssk\yw \nj- v { ]- ` - a mbn Nn∂n- ® n- X dn. t\m°p
A√m-lp-hns‚ klmbw F{X s]s´∂v. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
AXn-\m¬ \nß-f-hs\ {]Xym-i-tbmSpw `‡ntbmSpw hnfn®v
{]m¿Yn-°pI. A√m-lp-hns‚ ImcpWyw k¬I¿an-Iƒ°v kao-]-
ÿ- a m- I p- ∂ p.(7:56)
kq- P qZv sNøq kmao]yw t\Sq.(96- : 19)
Hcn- ° ¬ Hcmƒ \_n(- k ) bpsS ASpØv h∂v tNmZn®p:
""{]hm- N - I tc, Fs∂ kz¿K- Ø nte°- S p- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw \c- I - Ø n¬
\n∂-I-‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp I¿aw ]d-™p-X-cnI. At∏mƒ Xncp-
\akvImcw 15
ta\n(k) ]d™p: \o A√m- l p- h ns\ am{Xw Bcm- [ n- ° pI. Ah-
\n- e m- s c- b pw
pw ]¶v tN¿°cpXv . \a- k v I mcw \ne- \ n¿Øp- I bpw bpw
kImØv sImSp- ° p- I bpw c‡_‘w tN¿°p- I bpw sNøpI.
Abmƒ Xnc®v t]mbn. At∏mƒ \_n(-k)- A-\p-N-c≥am-tcmSv ]d-
™p: Ah- t \mSv I¬∏n- ° - s ∏- ´ Xv Ah≥ apdpsI ]nSn-
°p∂psh¶n¬ \n›bw \n›bw Ah≥ kz¿Km-h-Im-in-bmhpw (ap-kvenw).
Cu lZo-kn¬ \n∂v \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h\v kz¿K-ap-s≠∂v \ap°v
a\-n-em°mw.
CXn¬ \ns∂√mw \a- k v I mcw shdpw Hcp I¿Øhy\n¿∆-
lWw am{X- a √ AsXm- c p- hn- e - a - X n- ° m- \ m- h mØ I¿a- a m- s W∂v
t_m[y-am- am-Ip∂p. \a-kv kvImcw Dt]-£n-®- ®-Xns‚ ^e-ambn \c-I- I-Øn¬
Øn¬
t]mtI≠n hcp-∂Xpt]mse `‡n-bn-√mØ \a-kvIm-chpw \c-I-{]-
th- i - Ø n\v CS- b m- ° p- ∂ psh∂v hy‡- a m- I p- ∂ p.
{]hm- N - I ≥am¿ F√m- h cpw Cu al- Ø mb I¿a- Ø m- e mWv
temIØv hnPbw t\Sn-bn-´p-≈sX∂v Izp¿-B≥ km£yw hln-°p-
∂p. sIme-
sIme- ° - b - d n\v ap≥]n¬ \n¬°p- t ºmgpw sImSpºncn
sIm≈p∂p bp≤w \bn- ° p- t ºmgpw Imcm- K r- l - Ø ns‚ \mep
`nØn°p≈n¬ InS∂v sRcn-]ncn sIm≈p-tºmgpw i{Xp a¿Z\w
kztZlØv B™v ]Xn- ° p- t ºmgpsa√mw Ah¿ ssIhn- S msX
kq£n® Hc- a q- e y- k - º - Ø m- b n-n- c p- ∂ \a- k v I mcw. Pzme- b m¬ ]d- h -
Iƒ t]mepw Icn™p hoWpt]mb \wdq-Zns‚ A·n IpWvT-Øn¬
\n∂v C{_mlnw \_n (A) c£-s∏-´Xpw c£-bn-√mØ Ah-k-c-
Øn¬ aqkm \_n(A)°v kap{Zw hgn amdn- s Im- S p- Ø - X p- s a√mw
A√m- l p- h p- a m- b p≈ Ah- c psS \nXy- k - º ¿°- a mb \a- k v I mcw
aptJ-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
Hc- h - k - c - Ø nepw
nepw Dt]- £ n- ° m≥ Ckv e mw A\p- h - Z n- ° mØ
\n¿_‘ I¿Ω-am-WnXv. kap-{Zm-¥¿`mK-Øm-bmepw hnlm-b-n¬
k©-cn-°p-tºmgmbmepw tcmK-ambn °nS-∂mepw Bflmhv ico-c-
Øn-ep-s≠-¶n¬, Ah\v t_m[-ap-s≠-¶n¬ (B¿Ø-h-°m-cnbpw {]-
k-h-c-‡-ap-≈-hfpw ip≤n-bm-Ip-thm-f-sam-gn®v) \a-kvImcw \n¿h-
lnt® ]‰q. ip≤n-bp≈ ico-c-tØmsS ip≤n-bp≈ hkv{Xw [cn®v
shSn-∏p≈ ÿe-Øp-\n∂v (A-sX-hn-sS-bm-bm-epw) Xs∂ krjvSn-
® \mYs‚ apºn¬ khn-\bw Hcp Znhkw A©p {]mhiyw C{]-
Imcw \a- k v ° - c n- ° ¬ Hmtcm kXy- h n- i zm- k n°pw A√mlp IS-
abmbn \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
\akvImcw
""\n›- b - a mbpw \a- k v I mcw kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I ƒ°v \n¿_-
‘hpw kab _‘n- X - h p- am°nbn- c n- ° p∂p.' p∂p.''' (4:103)
\mY- \ p- a mbn Hcp Zmk≥ F‰- F‰- h p- a - [ nIw ASp- °p- ∂ Xv \a-
kv I m- c - Ø nse kpPq- Z n¬ sh®m- I p- ∂ p- s h∂v {]hm- N - I ≥ Acp-
fp∂p. Znh- k - Ø n¬ ]e {]mh- i yhpw A√m- l p- h p- a mbn _‘w
]pe¿Øp∂ Hcp- h y‡nbn¬ \n∂v ssZth- O °v \nc- ° mØ
bmsXm∂pw kw`- h n- ° m- h - X √. BIm- i - ` q- a nsb {kjv S n- ® - h \v
apºn¬ Fs‚ Bcm-[-\-Ifpw I¿a-ßfpw, F¥nt\sd Pohn-Xhpw
ac-W-hp-sa√mw ka¿∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ {]Xn⁄ kZm ]pXp-°p-
∂-h≥ Fßs\ ]en-i-°m-c\pw aZy-]m-\nbpw hy`n-Nm-cn-n-bp-am-Ipw!
Hcn- ° epw BIm≥ ]mSn√. ]≈n- b n¬ \n∂n- d - ß nb tijw CXv
sNøp∂psh¶n¬ Npcp´nsbdn- b- s ∏´ ]g- ¥ pWn t]mse Ahs‚
\a-kvIm-csØ A√mlp Ahs‚ apJ-tØ°v I-i°n i°n Fdn-bp-sa∂v
\_n(- k ) ]d- b p- ∂ p.
""\n›bw, \a-kvImcw \oN-I¿Ω-ß-sfbpw \njn≤ßsfbpw
XSp-°p∂p. ssZh-kv
kva-c-WbmWv
b
- mWv G‰hpw hepXv.'''' (29:45) ssZh-kva-
c-Wbpw `‡nbpw A√m-lp-hn\v apºn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-°-emWv \a-kvIm-
cw sIm≠p≈ Dt±iyw. CXp- Cl-]-c-Po-hnXw apgp-h≥ hnP-b-{]-
Z-am-°m\p≈ GIm-hw-ew_amWv `‡n-bp≈ \a-kvImcw.
`‡s‚ \a-kvImcw
A√mlp {]Jym- ] n- ° p- ∂ Xv ImWp- I :
kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I ƒ G‰hpw henb hnP- b n- I - f m- b n- c n- ° p∂p.
Ah¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ `b-`-‡n-bp-≈-h-cmWv (23:1,2). `‡-∑m-c-√m-
Ø-h¿°v \a-kvImcw h√msØmcp `mc-ambn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-sa∂v
Izp¿- B ≥ ]d- b p∂p.
""\n›bw Xß-fpsS \mYs\ I≠p-ap-´p-sa∂pw Ah-¶-te-°m-
W-h¿
h¿ aS-ßn-
ßn-sN-√p-
√p-I-
I-sb∂pw
sb∂pw a\-n-em-
em-°nb
°nb `‡≥am-c-
c-√m-Ø-h¿°v
16 \akvImcw 17
AXv (\-a-kvImcw) h-en-sbmcp `mcw Xs∂'' Xs∂'' (2:45, 46). ]s£ Npfp-
hn¬ Xe- I pØnadn-
pØnadn- ™ v \a- k v I - c n- ® p- s h∂v hcp- Ø n- b - h - \ mtWm
CXv \¬I-s∏-SpI. Hcn-°-ep-a√; ImcWw A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:
""\a- k v I - c n- °p- ∂ ¿°v \miw. Ah¿ Ah- c psS \a- k v I m-
cØn¬ Ae-k-cm-Ip∂p. Ah¿ {]Z¿i-\m¿Yw \a-kvI-cn-°p∂p''
(107:4˛6). `‡n Atijw Xo≠nbn´n-√mØ hcm-bn-cn°pw ap\m-^n-
Jp- I ƒ (I- ] S hnizm- k n- I ƒ) F∂pw \c- I - Ø ns‚ Xmsg X´n- e m-
bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw
a∂pw Izp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p. kIz¿ F∂ `bm-\I-amb \c-
I-Øn¬ ]Xn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ {]ap-J¿ \a-kvImcw Dt]-£n-®-h-cm-
sW∂v Izp¿-B≥ Hcn-SØv hy‡-am-°p∂p.
Izp¿-B≥ \n¿t±-in-°p∂p:
""F√m \a- k v I m- c - ß fpw hfsc kq£n®p \n¿∆- l n- ° pI.
{]tXy- I n®v hpkv X m (A- k ¿) \a- k v I mcw. A√mlp- h n\v apºn¬
`‡n ]pc-  cw \n߃ \nev ° pI. \n߃ `b- s ∏- ´ m¬ (bp≤w
t]mep≈ L´- ß - f n¬) \- S t∂m hml- \ - Ø n¬ sht®m AXv
\n¿hln- ° p- I . kpc- £ n- X - c m- b m¬ \n߃ Adn- b m- X n- c p- ∂ Xv
A√mlp ]Tn- ∏ n- ® Xv t]mse ({]- h m- N - I ¿ ImWn®v Xcpw t]mse)
\n- ßf-
f- - h s\ kv a cn-
cn- ° pI (\- a - k v I- c n- ° p- I )'' (h n.- I zp. 2:238) . I¿a
imkv { X- { K- Ÿ - ß - f n- e qsS alm]Wv U n- X - ∑ m¿ \a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚
Hmtcm Ne- \ hpw apSn- \ m- c ng Iodn hni- Z - a mbn N¿® sNbv X n-
´p≠v . _rlXv {KŸ- ß ƒ A∆n- j - b - I - a mbh¿ cNn- ® n- ´ p≠v .
F∂m¬ Ch- c n¬ ]ecpw Ah- K - W n® Hcp hi- a p≠v \a- k v I m-
c- Ø n\v . B h- i - a m- I s´ \a- k v I mc- ° m- c n¬ sXmÆq‰n A©v
iX-am-\-am-fp-Ifpw Dt]-£n-®-Xp-amWv. AXmWv `‡n. AXp-X-s∂-
bmWv \a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚ Bflmhpw. \Ωn¬ ]ecpsSbpw ]ecpsSbpw \a-
kvImcw Bflmhv \jvS-s∏´ s]m≈-bmb Hcp NSßp am{X-ambn
A[x-]-Xn-®n-cn-°p∂p.
\akvImcw 18
`‡n
Ir{Xna `‡n Im]- S y- a mWv . `‡n D≠m- ° - e √. AXv lrZ- b -
Øns‚ A¥¿ `mK- Ø p- \ n∂v _ln¿K- a n- ° p- I - b mWv th≠Xv .
lrZbw Adn™p sIm≠p≈ {]m¿Y- \ - I ƒ \a- k v ° - c n- ° p- ∂ - h -
\n¬\n- ∂ p- ≠ mIWw. A√m- l p- h p- a mbn a\p- j y≥ G‰hpw ASp-
°p∂ Hcp L´- a m- W t√m kpPqZv . B kpPp- Z n¬ \n߃°n- j v S -
ap≈ {]¿Y- \ - I ƒ \S- Ø p- h m≥ \_n(- k ) D]- t Z- i n- ® n- c n°p∂p.
GXp `mjbpw k¿∆- i - ‡ m- \ mb A√m- l p- h n\v Adn- b m- s a- ∂ Xv
sIm≠v \ΩpsS lrZ-b-Øns‚ `mj-bn¬ Ah-t\mSv {]m¿Yn°mw.
Xß-fpsS At]-£-Ifpw Bh-iy-ß-fpw \µn-{]-Im-i-\-ß-fp-sa√mw
lrZ- b w- K - a mb \ne°v Ah- X - c n- ∏ n- ° p- t ºmsg `‡n Xpfp- º p∂
{]m¿Y\ D≠mIq F∂ Imcy- Ø n¬ kwi- b - a n√.
Xm¥m- ß - f p- s S- \nXy Pohn- X - Ø nse \qdp \qdp {]iv \ -
ßfpsS ]cn- l m- c - Ø n\pw A√m- l p- h ns‚ klm- b - Ø n- ∂ m- b p≈
A¿Y\-Ifpw At]-£-Ifpw kpPq-Zn¬ InS∂v sIm≠v IÆo-scm-
en-∏n®v dlvam-t\mSv tNmZn-°p-hm≥ A√mlp Xs∂ Znhkw A©v
{]mhiyw \ap°v Ah-kcw X∂n-cn-°-bmWv. ]t£ Fßs\tbm
B bmYm¿Yyw \mw hnkva-cn®p. Ct∏m-gXv Hcp NSßv am{X-ambn
Iem- i n®p. X≥apew \a- k v I mcw \ΩpsS \nXy- P o- h n- X - Ø n¬
bmsXm-cp-N-e-\hpw krjvSn-°p-∂n√. \n¿_-‘-amb (^¿fzv) \a-
kv I m- c - ß ƒ°v ]pdsa kp∂Øv \a- k v I m- c - ß ƒ IqSn \n¿∆- l n-
°m≥ Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≈ XXzw \mw A√m-lp-
hp-ambn IqSp-X¬ _‘-s∏-Sm\pw X∑q-ew \-ΩpsS PohnXw ]q¿Æ-
ambn ssZhm- [ n- j v T n- X - a mbnØocp- h m\pw IqSn- b mWv . \njvI - f ¶
lrZbt
lrZ btØm ØmsS sS \a- k v I m- c - Ø nse Xkv _ o- l p- I - f p- s Sbpw a‰p
{]m¿Y- \ - I - f p- s Sbpw Bi- b hpw A¿Yhpw hy‡- a mbn a\-  n- e m-
°n- b n- c n- ° ¬ \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ `b- ` ‡nbp≠m- I m≥ A\n- h m- c y-
amWv. ]ecpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ Ae-kX Im´p∂p. Cu kz`mhw am‰n-
sb-Sp-°Ww. XIv_o¿ sIm≠m-cw-`n®v kemw sIm≠-h-km-\n-°p-
∂Xv hsc-bp≈ B I¿a-ß-fpsS B¥-cnI kØbpw Dcp-hn-Sp∂
]Z-ß-fpsS kmchpw {Kln-®n-´n-s√-¶n¬ Cu I¿aw sIm≠v Dt±-in®
^ew D≠mhp- I - b n√. hepXpw sNdp- X p- a mb mb hnhn- [ - ` m- j - I - f n¬
Xøm- d m- ° - s ∏- ´ n- ´ p≈ A\- h [n IrXn- I ƒ C∂v kpe- ` - a mWv . Ah
hmßn kq£n-°p-Ibpw kzbw hmbnt®m a‰p-≈-h-cpsS -k-lm-b-
Ømtem {Kln®v Pohn- X - Ø n¬ {]mtbm- K n- I - a m- ° ¬ AXym- h - i y-
amWv. F¶n¬ \ap°v \a-kvIm-c-Øn-eqsS Cl-]c hnPbw Ic-ÿ-
am-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn∂v ]pdsa im¥-amb lrZ-b-tØmsS ssZh
kmao]yw t\Snb bYm¿Y ASn- a - I - t fm- s Sm∏w h¿Øn- ° m≥ Ign-
\akvImcw 19
bp- I bpw sNøpw.
\a- k v I m- c - Ø nse nse `‡n \jv S - s ∏- S p- Ø p∂ ]e- X p- s Im≠pw
Im≠pw
\nd™v \n¬°pIbm-Wn∂v \ΩpsS Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ. h¿W i_-fn-
a-bm¿∂ at\m-lc Zriy-߃ sIm≠-ew-Ir-X-amb tZhm-e-bß-fpw-
A- h - b nse Ae- ¶ m- c - ß fpw \ΩpsS `‡nsb Hc- f - t hmfw ssZh-
Øn¬ \n∂- I ‰p∂p- s h∂Xv Hcp ]c- a m¿Y- a mWv . Hcn- ° ¬ `wKn-
bp≈ Hcp ]pSh \_n(-k)-bpsS ]Xv\n BCi(d)°v Hcmƒ kΩm-
\n®p. Ah¿ AXv sIm≠v hncn-bp-≠m°n hmXn-en¬ Xq°n. \_n
(-k) \a-kvI-cn°p-hm≥ \n∂-t∏mƒ BCi-tbm-Sn-{]-Imcw ]d™p:
BCim \ns‚ Cu hncn Fs‚ `‡n°v `wKw hcp-Øp∂p Fs‚
apºn¬ \n∂v AX-gn-®pam‰pI. `wKn-bp≈ Zriyw {]hmN-I≥ I≥ Xs‚
\a-kvIm-c-Ønse `‡n°v t]mepw `wKw hcp-Øp-sa∂v `b-s∏-´p-
sh- ¶ n¬ \ΩpsS Ah- ÿ tbm? at\m- l - c - ß fmb hncn- ∏ p- I - f nepw
{]uV- K w- ` o- c - a mbew¶- c n® dqap- I - f nepw ]≈n- I - f nepw sh®v \a-
kv I - c n- ° p- ∂ - h - c psS apgp{i≤bpw AXn- t e- ° m- I ¿jn- ° s∏Sp-I -
bnt√? IqSp- X ¬ IqSp- X ¬ Aew- I r- X - a m- ° m- \ mWv \mw \ΩpsS
[\hpw A≤zm-\hpw Nne-h-gn-°p-∂Xv. ]Icw e`n-°p-∂tXm \iz-
c- a mb t]cpw s]c- p abpw am{Xw. AXn- \ m¬ CØcw Ae- ¶ m- c - ß -
fpw B¿`m- S - ß fpw Hgn- h m- ° p∂Xv \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ ` ‡n- b p- ≠ m-
hm≥ klm-bIc-amWv.
dkq¬ (k) \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Øn¬ {]th-in-®m¬ ®m¬ Hcp Rc°w Xs‚
s\©ns‚ `mK-Øp-\n∂pw tIƒ°m-sa∂pw N´n-bnse bnse Pew Xnf-°p-
∂Xv t]mse-bp≈ i_vZw sXfn™p tIƒ°m-sa∂pw klm-_n-
Iƒ hnh-cn- cn-°p∂Xv lZo-kp- kp-Ifn¬ ImWmw. lrZ-b-Øns‚ Zo\tcmZ-
\hpw s\©p-cp-In-bp≈ {]m¿Y-\bpw B lrZ-b-Øn¬ Ae-X-√p-
∂-Xns‚ {]Xy-t£m-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fmh. Ahn-SpsØ klm-_n-I-fpsS
ÿnXnbpw adn-®m-bn-cp-∂n√. dlvam-\p-am-bp≈ A`n-apJ kw`-j-W-
Øn¬ apJw IpØn-In-S-°p-∂-h¿ `uXnI temI-hp-am-bp≈ k¿∆
_‘-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-X-\m-bn-cn°pw. lrZbw A√m-lp-hn¬
ebn-∏n-
∏n-®-h\mbncn°pw.
\
- mbncn°pw. CØcw Hcm-cm- cm-[-
[-\°v
\°v am{X-amWv temIØv
Ne\w krjvSn-°m≥ Ign-bpI. B Ne-\-amWv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Xpey-
X-bn-√mØ hn[w \_n(-k) bpw A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw temIØv ImgvN
sh®Xpw.
\-a-kvI-cn- °m-°m-\mbn Hcp apdn ho´n-ep- ep-≠m-bn-bn-cn-
cn-°-W-
W-sa∂v \_n(-
k) \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p∂p. `‡n ]pc-cw kuI-cy-tØmsS Bcm-
[\ \n¿∆- l n- ° m\p≈ Ah- k cw AXv aptJ\ D≠m- b n- Ø o- c - W -
sa∂ e£y-amWv AXn-ep-≈Xv. kp-∂Øp \a-kvIm-c-߃ ho´n¬
sh®m-bncn-°¬ {]tXyIw t{ijvTam°∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xpw Cu e£y-
\akvImcw 20 \akvImcw 21

Øn\v th≠n-bmWv. \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h-cpsS ASpØpsh®v Dds° \n¿t±-i-

i-ßfn¬ AS-ßn-
ßn-bn-
bn-cn-
cn-°p-
°p-∂Xv. Cu hn[ Imcy-߃
߃ {i≤n-°p-
°p-
kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xpw A]-i-_vZ-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂Xpw \_n(-k) hntcm- ∂Xv \a-kvIm-cØn¬
Ø
- n¬ `‡n-bp-bp-≠m-
≠m-Im≥ D]-I-cn-°p-sa-
sa-∂-
∂-Xn¬
Xn¬ kwi-
[n-®n-cn°p∂p. Dd-s°-bp≈ Izp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw t]mepw \a-kv- b-an-√.
I-cn-°p-∂-hs‚ ASpØv sh®v \nb-{¥-W-߃°v hnt[-b-am-bn-cn-
°Ww. XnI®pw \ni-_v-Z-h pw im¥-hp-amb A¥-co-£-amWv \a- -kw-L-SnX \a-kvImcw
kvIm-c-Øn-∂m-hiyw. tImem-lew \nd™ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ m-Sn¬ \n∂-I∂p H‰°p \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xn-s\-°mƒ Ccp-]Øn Ggv Cc´n {]Xn-
\n∂v kzÿ-am-b AhkvY krjvSn®v \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-°pI ^-em¿l-am-bXmWv Iq´-am-bp≈ \a-kv
kvImcw. \a-kvkvI-cn-°p-∂-h-cn¬
`‡n-bp-≠m-Im\p≈ am¿K-amWv. ]ecpw C°mcyw {i≤n-°msX hnSp-∂Xv tJZ-I-I-c-
c-amWv. A√mlp ]d-
\a-kvIm-c-Øn\v t]mIp-tºmƒ hfsc AS-°hpw HXp-°hpw bp∂p.
ImWn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. HmSn-°n-X®v [r-Xn-bn¬ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ {]th-
in-°p∂Xv DØ-a-a√. Pam-AØv \jvS-s∏-Sp-sa∂v `b-ap-≈-t∏mƒ
IqSn AanXhy{KX `qj-W-a√. \_n(-k) ]d-bp∂p: \a-kvIm-csØ
`‡n-tbmSpw AS-°-tØmSpw IqSn kao-]n-°pI. Cam-ap-ambn GXv
Ne- \ - Ø n\pw tN¿∂v sIm≈pI (ap- k v e nw). - t Im- ] m- I p- e \pw ]cn- \n߃ \a- k v I mcw apd{]Imcw \n¿∆- l n- ° pI. kImØv
{`m- ¥ - \ pamb Ah- ÿ - b n¬ \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ {]th- i n- ° - c pXv . sImSp-°pI. dpIqAv sNøp-∂-htcmsSm∏w (\-a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h-tcm-
XnI®pw k¥p- j v S \pw {]Xymim\n¿`- c- \ p- a m- b n- ´ m-bn- b n- c n- ° Ww \a- sSm∏w) dpIq-Av sNøpI (2:43). Cukm \_n (A)bpsS amXm-hmb
kv I m- c - Ø n¬ {]th- i n- t °- ≠ Xv . \a- k v I - c n- ° p- ∂ - h - c psS `‡n°v adnban(- d )- t \mSv A√mlp ]d™Xmbn Izp¿- B ≥ D≤- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv
`wKw hcm- X n- c n- ° m-m- \ mbn \a- k v I m- c - ° m- c psS ap≥]n- e qsS \S- ° p- C{]-Im-c-amWv.
∂Xv I¿i- \ - a mbn \ntcm- [ n- ® n- c n- ° p∂p.
p∂p. Cu \nbaw ewLn- ° p- ∂ -
hsc _ew {]tbm-Kn®p X´n-am‰m≥ \_n(-k) \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p∂p.
\mev]Xv (h¿jw) ImØp-\n¬tI≠n hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXmWv
\a- k v I - c n- ° p- ∂ - h - c psS apºn- e qsS \S- ° p- ∂ - X n- s \- ° mƒ
DØasa∂v dkq¬ (k)- ] - d - b p- ∂ p.p. ""a¿-bta, \ns‚ \mY\v apºn¬ `‡n ]pc-cw (\n∂v sIm≠v)
ae- a q{X hnk¿P- \ - Ø n\v Bh- i yw t\cn- S p- t ºmƒ Ahbv ° v - k m- j mSmwKw sNøpI. dpIqAv sNøp- ∂ - h - t cm- s Sm∏w (\- a - k v I - c n-
ap≥K- W \ \¬In kzÿ- a mb tijw \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ {]th- i n- °p- ∂ - h - t cm- s Sm∏w) dp- I q- A v sNøpI.'' (3:43) \_n(k)bpsSbpw
°pI. `£- W m- h - i yhpw \a- k v I m-m- c hpw Htc kµ¿`- Ø n¬ BK- Ahn- S psØ A\p- N - c ≥am- c p- s Sbpw Iq´m- b p≈ \a- k v I m- c sØ
X- a m- I p- t ºmƒ `£Ww Ign- ° p- ∂ - X n\v ap≥K- W \ \¬Ip- I . A√mlp {]iwkn®v sIm≠v ]d- b p- ∂ Xv ImWp- I .
AXypjv W w AXn- s siXyw F∂nh \a- k v I m- c - Ø n\v `wK- a mbn
\nev ° p- t ºmƒºmƒ Ah°v ia\w Is≠- Ø p∂ Imcy- ß ƒ sNbv X
tijw \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ {]th- i n- ° pI. ssewKn- I m- k - ‡ n- b m¬
CWsb kao-]n- ]n-°m-
°m-\m-{Klw P\n-°p- °p-tºmƒ Ahcp-ambn _‘-s∏´v
hnImcia\w hcpØn ip≤- a mb tijw \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ {]th-
in- ° pI F∂n- X ymZn [mcmfw Imcy- ß ƒ \_n(- k ) bn¬ \n∂p ""\n›-b-ambpw
mbpw Xm¶-tfm-sSm∏w Hcp hn`mKw A\p-N-c≥amcpw
\n¿tZ-in-°-s∏-´n-´p≠v. CXn-se√mw AS-ßn-bn-cn- cn-°p∂ XXzw ]q¿Æ cm{Xn- b nse aq∂n¬ c≠v `mKØnepw ]Ip- X n- b nepw aq∂n¬ Hcp
`‡n-bp≈ Bcm-[\ Hcp apkven-an¬ \n∂p-≠m-Is´ F∂Xv am{X- `mK-tØm-S-SpØ ka-b-Øn-ep-sa√mw \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Xm¶-
amWv. Cßns\ kmµ¿`n-I- I-amb A\n-hmcyXIƒ
hmcyXIƒ `‡n°v `wKw hcp- fpsS \mY≥ hy‡-ambn a\-n- n-em-°n-b-cn-°p∂p.'' (73:20). C-{Xbpw
Øp- s a∂v ImWp- t ºmƒ lrZb km∂n≤yw Ic- K - X - a m- t hmfw Izp¿-B≥ hN-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ Pam-AØp \a-kvImcØns‚
A¬]kz¬]w \o°p- t ]m- ° p-p- I ƒ Bhm- s a∂ ]mT- a mWv CØcw {]m[m- \ yw t_m[y- s ∏- S p- ∂ p.
\akvImcw 22
Pam-AØp \a-kvImcw Dt]-£n-°p-∂-h-cpsS hoSp-Iƒ°v Xo
sImfp-Øp-hm\pw F\n°v Nne-t∏mƒ tXm∂n-t∏m-Im-dps≠∂v \_n
(k)]d-bp∂p (_p-Jm-cn). aXnbmb Imc-W-ß-fn-√msX Pam-A-Øm-
bp≈ \a- k v I mcw Dt]- £ n- ° p∂Xv Hcp ]m]- a mbn dkq¬ (k)
FÆn- b n- c n- ° p∂p.
p∂p. kwL- a m- b p≈ \a- k v I m- c - ° m¿ Ft∂m- s Sm∏w
BZysØ hn`m-K-Øn¬ kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-sa∂pw D∂-X-ß-
fmb aWn- a m- f n- I - I fpw Hcp ImXpw Hcp lrZ- b hpw Hcp IÆpw
tIƒ°p- I tbm Nn¥n- ° p- I tbm sNbv X n- ´ n- √ mØ ku`m- K y- ß ƒ
kz¿K- Ø n- e - h ¿°v \¬I- s ∏- S p- s a∂pw Xncp- t a- \ n(- k ) Acp- fp∂p.
hr£-ß-fpsS Ce-I-sf-°m-tfsd ]m]]¶n-e-\m-bmepw kq£-a-X-
tbmsS hpfzq- A v sNbv X v Pam- A - Ø mbn \a- k v I - c n- ° p∂ ]£w
Ahs‚ ]m]-߃ A√mlp s]mdpØp sImSp-°pI Xs∂ sNøp-
sa∂v \_n(-k) Hcn-°¬ Hcmsf D]-tZ-in®p. Pam-A-Øv \-a-kvIm-
c- ß fn¬ ae- ° p- I fpw \√- h - c mb Pn∂p- I fpw ]s¶- S p- ° p- s a∂pw
a\p-jy-cpsS {]m¿Y-\m-th-f-I-fn¬ (^m-Øn-l-bn-¬) Bao≥ sNm√p-
∂- t Xm- s Sm∏w Ahcpw Bao≥ ]d- b p- s a∂pw AXn- \ m¬
^mØnlbn¬ Bao-≥ Hcp-an®p ]d-bpI F∂pw \_n(-k) ]d-bp-
∂p. AIm- c - W - a mbn
mbn aq∂p Znhkw XpS¿®bmbn
XpS¿®bmbn Pam- A - Ø n¬
]s¶-Sp-°m-
°m-Ø- Ø-hs\ `c-W-IqSw ]nSn-IqSn in£n-°¬ Jm kn(-`-cW
I¿Øm-°ƒ)amcpsS I¿Ø-hy-am-sW∂v ]e alm-]-WvUn-X-∑mcpw
hn[n ]d-™n-cn-°p∂p.
°p∂p. Hmtcm al-√nsebpw ]≈n-I-fn¬ Pam-AØv
\a- k v I mcw kwL- S n- ∏ n- ° - W - s a∂pw AXv sNømØ ]£w B
\m´p-Im¿ apgp-h\pw Ip‰-°m-cm-sW∂pw Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-®n-cn-
°p∂p.
Hcn-°¬ A‘-\mb A_vZp-√m-ln_v\p DΩn aIvØpw(d) X∏n-
X-S™v dkq¬(-k)-bpsS k∂n-[n-bn¬ h∂p C{]-Imcw ]d™p:
A√m- l p- h ns‚ {]mhm- N - I tc, ]≈n- b n- t e°v hgn- I m- ´ n- b n- √ mØ
A‘- \ mb Rm≥ A©v {]hiyhpw Pam- A - Ø n¬ ]¶ptN- c -
Wtam. \_n(- k ) {]Xyp- Ø - c w- \ ¬In: Bhiyan√. At±lw
CXvtI´v kt¥mjtØmsS Xncn- Xncn-®p t]mIm≥ XpS-ßp-tºm-sg°pw
dkq¬(-k) At±-lsØ Xncn®p hnfn®p tNmZn®p: DΩp-aIzvØpw
_¶v hnfn tIƒ°- m dpt≠m? At±lw ]d™p: AsX tIƒ°m-
dp≠v . At∏mƒ \_n (k) ]d™p: F¶n¬ Xm¶fpw ]≈n- b n¬
ht∂ Xocq. t\m°pI hgn- I m- ´ n- b n- √ mØ A‘- \ mb BƒIqSn
_m¶p tIƒ°p-sa-¶n¬ ]≈n-bn¬ Pam-A-Øn\v ]s¶-Sp-°m-s\-Ø-
W- s a- ∂ p≈ \n¿t±iw CXns‚ {]m[m\yw F{X- a m- { X- a p- s ≠∂v
sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.
]s£ \m\m- ` m- K - Ø p- \ n∂pw _m¶ns‚ a{¥[z\n I¿W]pS-
\akvImcw 23
ß- f n¬ h∂- e - X - √ n- b n´pw sX√pw AXn- t \mSv Iqdp ]pe¿ØmØ
\Ωn¬ A[n-I-t]cpsSbpw ÿnXn Duln-°p-hm≥ IqSn hø. A_q-
Zm-hqZv dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX Hcp lZo-kn¬ C{]-Imcw ImWmw. GsX-
¶nepw Hcp- I p- { Km- a - Ø ntem {Kma- Ø ntem aq∂p t]sc- ¶ nepw
apkvenw-I-fmbn D≠mhp-Ibpw Ah¿ Pam-A-Ømbn \a-kvI-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-¶n¬ Ahsc Hcn-°epw ]nim-Nv ]n-Sn-Iq-Sp-I-bn√
ImcWw Iq´w sX‰nb BSn-s\-bm-Wt√m ]nimNv ]nSn-Iq-SpI. Cu
lZo-knse D]-a-bn¬ \n∂v Iq´w sX‰n sX‰n sN∂m-b-bpsS ]nSn-bn-e-I-
s∏- S p∂ BSn- t \mSmWv Pam- Pam- A - Ø n¬ ]s¶-
]s¶- S p- ° m- Ø - h s\ \_n(-
\_n(-
k) D]-an-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬ Iq´w sX‰nb H‰-bm-Sns\ t]mse
\ne-hn-fn-t®m-Sp∂ Zu¿`m-Ky-hm\mIm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \mw {ian-°p-I.
Dt]£n-°p-∂h¿°v
h
- ¿°v Xm°oXv
A_v Z p- √ m- l n_v \ p akv - D uZv (d) D≤- c n- ° p∂p. At±lw
]d™p: Hcmƒ apkven-am-bn-sIm≠p Xs∂ A√m-lp-hns\ I≠p-
ap- ´ - W - s a∂v B{K- l n- ° p- ∂ p- sh- ¶ n¬ hnfn(- _ m- ¶ v ) - tIƒ°p- ∂ n- S -
tØ°v Pam-AØv \a-kvIm-c-߃°mbn ƒ°mbn A°q-´-tcm- cm-sSm∏w t]mbn
sIm≠v kq£-aX ssIsIm-≈s´. ImcWw B \a-kvIm-cw \_n
(-k)-bpsS AXyp¬Ir-jvS- k{º-Zm-bam-bn-cp-∂p. \n›bw A√mlp
AXyp¬IrjvS Ncy-IfmWv \nß-fpsS {]mhm-N-I\v \nb-a-am-°n-
bn-´p-≈Xv. \n߃ \nß-fpsS hoSp-I-fn¬ sh®v Cu ]n¥n \n¬°p-
∂h¿ Ah- c psS hoSp- I - f n¬ sh®p \n¿h- l n- ° p- ∂ Xp- X
- p- t ]mse
sNbvXm¬ \nß-fpsS (Poh-t\-°mƒ kvt\ln-°m≥ IS-s∏-´)-{]-hm-
N- I s‚ (a- t lm- ∂ - X )- N- c y- s b- b mWv \nß- f p- t ]- £ n- ° p- ∂ Xv
Xv . \nß-
fpsS (a-lm\m-lm\m-b)B {]hm-N-Is‚ Ncy Dt]-£n-®m¬ \n߃ am¿K
{`wi- c m- b n- X ocpw; Xn¿®. GsXmcph≥ \∂mbn kq£v a - X - t bmsS
ip≤n(hpfzp) sNbvXp Cu ]≈n-I-fn¬ GsX-¶nepsam∂ns\ nepsam∂ns\ e£y-
am°n t]mIp- ∂ pthm Ahs‚ Hmtcm Im¬sh- ∏ n\pw Hmtcm
]pWyhpw (A- √ m- l p- h n- ¶ ¬) Hmtcm ]Z- h n- b p- b ¿®- b p- a p≠v .
Ahs‚ Hmtcm Xn≥a-Ifpw ambv°-s∏´psIm≠n-cn°pw. \nivNbw,
I]- S ≥ (ap- \ m- ^ nIzv ) F∂v hy‡- a mbn Adn- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ - h - \ -√ msX
a‰mcpw Rß-fn¬ (]-≈n-bn¬ t]mIm-sX) ]n¥n-\n¬°mdn√. \n¬°mdn√. R-ß-
fn¬ Nnesc (tcm-Ktam at‰m Imc-W-Øm¬ ) c≠p-t]¿ Xmßn-]n-
Sn®v ]≈n-bn-te°v sIm≠p hcn-Ibpw AWn-bn¬ \n¿Øp-Ibpw
sNøm-dp≠v. (apkvenw, A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, -\-km-Cu)
C_v\p akvDuZn
D
- uZn (d)s‚ Cu hm°p-Iƒ Iƒ lrZ-b- b-kv]r-°mWv.
{]tXy-In®v I]-S≥am-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-am-bn-´mWv \_n-bpsS kJm-
°ƒ Cu {]h-W-Xsb I≠n-cp-∂-sX∂pw \n߃ ]ng®p t]mIm≥
\akvImcw 24
Cu D¬IrjvS Ncy-bpsS t\¿°p≈ Ae-k-a-t\m-`mhw am{Xw aXn
F∂Xpw I\Ø Hcp Xm°nXp IqSn- b mWv .
Pn_v c o¬ (A) \a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚ cq]hpw ka- b hpw \_n(-
k)bv ° v ]Tn- ∏ n- ® - t ∏mƒ \_nsb Xs‚ ]n∂nepw \_n (k) P\-
ßsf X\n°v ]n∂nepw \n¿ØnsIm≠v Hcp-an®v (P-am-A-Ømbn)
BWv \a-kvI-cn-®sX∂pw lZo-kp-I-fn¬ ImWmw. CXn¬ \n∂p
\n¿∫‘\a-kvImcw H‰-bv bv°p \n¿∆-ln® tijw ]≈ n-bn-se-Ønb
hy‡n-tbmSv At∏mƒ ]≈n-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Pam-A-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-
°m≥ \_n(-k)-I¬]n® kw`-hhpw hml-\-Øn¬ sh®v \a-kvI-
cn® tijw ]≈nbn-se-Ønb hy‡n- Pam-A-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°msX
amdn \n∂-t∏mƒ, Rm≥ \a-kvI-cn®p F∂p ]d-™n´pw \_n(-k)
"\o F¥m Rß- Rß- t fm- s Sm∏w \a- k v I - c n- ° mØXv \o Hcp apkv e n-
at√' F∂p Kuc-h-Øn¬ tNmZn-®Xpw _m¶v hnfn tIƒ°pIbpw
Imc-W-sam-∂p-an-√msX AXn-∂p-Øcw sNøm-Xn-cp-∂-h∂v \a-kvIm-
c(-{]-Xn-^-e)-)-ta-bn√ F∂ \_n hN\hpw ta¬]d™ hkvXp-Xsb
H∂p- I qSn i‡n- s ∏- S p- Ø p∂p.
]pWyw hfsc IqSp-X¬ e`n-°q-hm\pw Pam-AØv A\n-hm-
cy- a mWv F∂pImWn- ° p∂ \nc- h [n \_n hN- \ - ß ƒ ImWmw.
ho´ntem Aßm-Sn-bntem sh®v H‰°v \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ
25 Cc´n {]Xn-^ew Pam-A-Ømbn \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-ep≠v (-_p-Jm-
cn, apkvenw, aph-Xz). cm{Xn-bnepw {]`m-X-Ønep-ap≈ \a-kvIm-c-ß-
fn¬ ]≈n-bn¬ lmP-dm-Ip-∂-h¿°v hºn® {]Xn-^ew hmKvZm\w
sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Hcmƒ CimAv \a-kvImcw Pam-A-Ømbn \n¿∆-
ln- ® m¬ cm{Xn- b psS ]IpXn apgp- h \pw \a- k v I m- c - Ø n- t e¿s∏- ´ -
hs‚ {]Xn- ^ - e hpw kp_v l v \a- k v I mcw Pam- A - Ø mbn \a- k v I -
cn-®h∂v cm{Xn apg-h\pw \a-kvI-cn®Xns‚ {]Xn-^-ehpw D≠m-bn-
cn°pw.
]≈n-bn-se-Øn-s∏-Sm≥ km[n-°mØ aX-]-c-amb Imc-W-߃
kwPm-X-am-b-t∏mgpw Pam-A-Ømbn´mWv \_n(k)-\-a-kv kvI-cn-®n-´p-≈-
Xv - F∂pw ImWmw.
ImWmw. A\kv (d) \nth- Z \w. \_n(- k ) AXyp- AXyp- ∂ X
k¬kz- ` m- h nbm- b n- c p- ∂ p. At±lw Rß- f n¬ Bcp- s S- s b- ¶ nepw
ho´nem-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ \a-kvImckabw Bk-∂-amIpw. At∏mƒ
Ahn-Sp∂v Ccn-°p∂ hncn∏v FSp-°phm\pw AXv XpS®v IpS™v
ho≠pw hncn-°p-hm\pw \n¿t±-in°pw. tijw At±lw CJm-aØv
hnfn°pw. Rß-sfbpw Iq´n Ahn-Sp∂v \a-kvI-cn°pw (_pJm-cn,
apkvenw).
A\kv (d) ho≠pw: Hcn°¬ \_n (k) IpXn-c-∏p-d-Øp-\n∂v
sX∂n hoWp. ico- c- Ø ns‚ heXp `mKØv `mKØv t]md- t e‰p. R߃R߃
\akvImcw 25
At±- l sØ kµ¿in- ° m≥ ho´n¬ sN∂p. \a- k v I m- c - k - a bw
Bk-∂-am-b-t∏mƒ (R-ß-fp-am-bn)- \-_n(-k) Ccp∂p \a-kvI-cn®p
(_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw). Rßfpw Ccp∂p Xs∂ \a-k-I-cn®p F∂v
as‰mcp dnt∏m¿´nepw h∂n-´p-≠v).
Npcp-°-Øn¬ {]hm-N-I≥ (k) F{X-am{Xw Kuc-h-Øn-emWn-
°mcyw Xs‚ kap- Z m- b sØ sXcy- s ∏- S p- Ø n- b ncn-
ncn- ° p- ∂ Xv F∂v
CXn¬ \ns∂√mw hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ Izp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p.
""At±- l - Ø ns‚ I¬]- \ °v FXn¿ {]h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ - h ¿
X߃°p h√ B]Øpw B]Øpw h∂p-`-hn-°p-Itbmtbm thZ-\- \-tb-dnb in£
_m[n-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv kq£n®p sIm≈-s´.'' (24:63)
C{]- I mcw Izp¿- B - \ n¬ \n∂pw \_n hN- \ - ß - f n¬ \n∂pw
Pam- A - Ø m- b p≈ \a- k v I m- c - Ø n‚ {][m- \ y- h pw Bh- i y- I - X bpw
kpXcmw hy‡-am-Ip∂p. C{_mlnwC{_mlnw \_n(A) {]m¿Yn-®Xv t]mse
\ap°pw {]m¿Yn°mw
""\mYm, \a- k v I mcw apd- { ]- I mcw A\p- j v T n- ° p- ∂ - h - c n¬
Ft∂bpw Fs‚ k¥- X n- I - s fbpw \o B- t °- W ta Rß- f psS
{]m¿Y\ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta.''
t\´-߃
PamA-Øm-bp≈ \a-kvIm-c-߃ apkvenw kaq-l-Øn\v hnhn-
[-ß-fmb Cl-]c hnP-b-߃ {]Zm\w sNøp∂p≠v. ]c-tem-IsØ
]pWy-ß-fmWv G‰hpw {]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂-sX¶nepw H´pw A{]-
[m- \ - ß - f - √ Cl- t em- I Øv \ap°v e`n- ° p∂ hºn® t\´- ß ƒ.
Hmtcm Znh-khpw A©v A©v t\cw Hmtcm al-√p-I-fnsebpw Bfp-Iƒ
]≈n-I-fn¬ HØp-IqSn {]m¿Y-\-Iƒ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Ah-cn¬ Du´n
Dd- ∏ n- ° - s ∏´ sFIy- t _m- [ hpw ka- X z- ` mh- \ bpw
bpw DtØ- P n- X - a m
Ip∂p. Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬ tXmtfmSp tXmfp-
cpΩn `‡n\n¿`-c-ambn {]m¿Yn-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬ \n∂p-Xv`qX-am-
Ip-∂ Bfl\n¿hrXn H∂p thsd Xs∂-. bP-am-\\pw ASn-abpw
\akvImcw 26
[\m-Vy\pw Zcn{Z\pw hen-b-h\pw sNdn-b-h\pw A√m-lp-hns‚
apºn¬ ka- ∑ m- c m- s W∂v sXfn- b n- ° p∂ B {]I- S \w F{X- a m- { Xw
al-Ø-c-am-Wv! dkp¬(-k) ]d™p: \n߃ \nß-fpsS AWn-Iƒ
icn- s ∏- S pØn ASp- Ø SpØv \n¬°pI. \nß- f psS lrZ- b - ß ƒ
ASp-°p-hm≥ AXv Imc-W-am-tb°pw. as‰mcn-°¬ \_n(-k) ]d-
™p. AWn- I - ƒ icn- s ∏- S p- Ø pI. AWn- I - ƒ °nS- b n¬ ]nim- N n\v
CSw \¬I-cpXv. Ah≥ \nßfpsS lrZ-b-ßsf `n∂n-∏n®v Ifbpw.
kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I ƒ ktlm- Z - c ≥am- c m- sW∂ Izp¿- B ≥ hmIyhpw
apAvan\p-Iƒ No¿∏n≥ ]√p-Iƒ IWs° ka≥am-cm-sW∂ \_n
hN- \ - Ø n- s ‚bpw km£m- X v I m- c - a mWv Pam- A - Ø n- e qsS A√m- l p-
hns‚ apºn¬ \mw ImgvN sh°p-∂Xv. kaql-Ønse hy‡n-Iƒ
XΩn¬ IqSp-X¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-hm\pw Ipi-emt\zjW-ß-ƒ ssIam-
dp- h m\pw AXp aptJ\ sFIy- w \Ωn- e q- ´ m\pw k¿∆- i - ‡ - \ mb
A√mlp G¿s∏- S p- Ø n- b n- c n- ° p∂ Hcp h≥ ]≤- X n- b m- W v \a-
kv I mcw. a‰p- ≈ - h cpsS {]iv - \ - ß ƒ t\cn- ´ - d n- b m\pw Ah°p
Iq´mbn ]cn- l mcw Is≠- Ø m- \ p- a p- X IØ- ° - h n[w Hcp Znh- k -
Øn¬ ]e {]mh-iyw I≠p-ap-´m-\p≈ kml-Ncyw A√mlp \ap°v
krjv S n®v X∂n- c n- ° p- I - b mWv CXn- e qsS. F∂m¬ CXns‚ {]m-
[m\yw {Kln- ° msX, As√- ¶ n¬ a\-  nembn´pw {i≤n- ° msX
]n¥ncn-bp-∂-hsc°pdn®v F¥p ]d-bm≥. AsX, A√mlp \Ωn¬
\∑- s N- ø m≥ B{K- l n- ° p∂p. \ap- ° Xv thW- s a- ∂ n- s √- ¶ ntem;
I„wXs∂. ]e al-√p-I-fnsebpw ]≈n-Iƒ hnP-\-ambn Camapw
apA- ± n\pw am{Xw ISa \n¿∆- l n®p t]mIp∂ Zpc- h - ÿ - I m- W p-
tºmƒ Aev]-sa-¶nepw Cuam-\p≈ lrZbw \Sp-ßp∂p.
acymZ-Iƒ
Pam- A Øv \a- k v I mcw ASp°pw Nn´- t bmSpw IqSn- b m- b n- c n-
°Ww \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠Xv. Camw anlvdm-_n-te°v hcp-∂Xv ImWp-
tºƒ apA-±n≥ CIzma-Øn-s∂m-cpßWw. At∏m-tg°pw Bfp-Iƒ
AWn-Iƒ icn-bm°nbm°n \nev°-Ww. Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ Camw D]-tZ-in-
°Ww. apA-±n≥ Cam-an\p t\sc ]n∂n¬ heXp hiØpw ]n∂o-
Sp≈ Bƒ- A-Xn-∂-SpØpw ]n∂oSv heØpw ]n∂oSv CSØpw. Cu
{Ia- Ø n- e mWv AWn- \ n- c - t °≠Xv . GsX- ¶ nepw Hcp aqe- b n¬
\nt∂m A‰Øv \nt∂m AWn XpS- ß - c pXv . Im¬ aS- º p- I - ƒ Htc
\ne-bn¬ hc-Ø-°-hn-[-amWv \n¬t°-≠Xv. hnc-ep-I-fpsS A‰-a√
]cn-K-Wn-°pI. CS-Xq¿∂v hnS-hp-I-fn-√msXbmbn-cn-°m≥ {]XyIw
{i≤n-t°-≠-Xp≠v.
]pcp-j≥am¿°v
≥am¿°v ]n∂n¬ Ip´n-Ifpw Ah¿°v ]n∂n¬ kv{XoI-
\akvImcw 27
fpw {Ia-Øn¬ AWn-\n-c-°pI. c≠p AWn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Hcmƒ°v
kpPqZv sNøm-\p≈ ÿesØ°m-tfsd AIew D≠m-I-cpXv cpXv. ]≈n
hnim- e - a m- s W∂v hnNm- c n®v AI- ∂ I∂v AWnIƒ D≠m- ° - c pXv .
F√m- h cpw AWn\nc∂p Ign- ™ m¬ DS≥ apA- ± n≥ CIzm- a Øv
hnfn- ° Ww. CIzm- a Øv Xo¿∂- b p- S ≥ Camw XIv _ o¿ sNm√n \a-
kvIm-c-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-Ibpw thWw. _m¶v hnfn-®n-Xn-\p-ti-j-
ap≈ {]m¿Y\ Nne¿ ChnsS Dcp- h n- S p- ∂ Xpw \nøØv sh°pI
F∂ t]cn- e p≈ Nne hmN- I - ° - k ¿Øp- I ƒ \SØn ASp- Ø p- ≈ -
h-sc-t∏mepw Bi-b- b-°p-g-∏-∏-Øn-
Øn-em-
em-°p∂Xpamb
°p∂Xpamb Nne k{º-Zm-b- ߃ ߃
]e-bn-
bn-SØpw ImWmw {]hm-N- N-I Ncy°v \nc-°m-
°m-Ø-h-bm-Wn- Wn-sX√mw.
sX√mw.
lrZ-b-Øn-ep-≠m-tI≠ Dt±-i-amWv \nøØv A√msX Dcp-hn´Xp-
sIm- ≠ p- ≠ m- I p∂- X √.
Camw XIv _ o¿ sNm√n \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ {]th- i n- ® mep- mep- S ≥
Xs∂ F√m-hcpw \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ {]th-in-°Ww. AXv G‰-hp-a-
[nIw ]pWyw e`yam-Im≥ Imc-W-am-sW∂v \_n(-k) D]-tZ-in-®n-
cn- ° p∂p. {]mcw` {]m¿Y\ (Zp- B - D ¬ C^v X n- Ø mlv ) - I - g n- ™ m¬ m¬
Cam-ans‚ ^mØn-l-s°m∏w Xs∂ i_vZw Hcn-°epw Db¿ØmsX
aAv - a q- a p- I ƒ ^mØnl HmX- e mWpØaw. ImcWw Cam- a ns‚bpw
aAv-aq-an-s‚bpw Bao≥ sNm√¬ H∂n-®m-I¬ {]Xn-^-em¿l-amb
Imcy- a msW∂v {]hm- N - I ≥ Acp- ƒ sNbv X ncn- ° p∂p. Bao≥
sNm√p∂Xv Dd-s°-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw a∂pw sNdp-{]-I-º\w krjvSn-°-
Ø- ° - X m- b n- cn- ° - W - s a- ∂ p≈ Nne \n¿t±- i - ß ƒ lZo- k p- I - f n¬
ImWmw. Camw ^mØnl°v tijw kqdØv XpS-ßn-bm¬ \ni-_vZ-
cmbn tI´p- \ n¬°p- I - b mWv aAv - a q- a p- I ƒ th≠Xv . kqd- Ø pIƒ
Camant\msSm∂n®v ]mcmbWw sNtø≠Xn√. Camant\msSm∂nt®m
DS-s\-tbm- dp-Iq-Ap-Ifpw kpPq-Zp-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hbpsa√mw aAv-aq-
ap-Ifpw sNøpI. Hcn-°epw Cam-ant\°mƒ ap≥]m-I-cpXv. \_n(-
k) ]d- b p∂p: Igp- X - Ø - e - I - f p- a mbn Dbn¿sØ- g p- t ∂¬∏v \ m- fn¬
Nnesc A√mlp BK-Xm-cm°pw. Ah¿ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ Cam-ans\
Ih- ® p- s h®hcmWv .
]n∂nep- ≈ - h - s c XnI®pw ]cn- K - W n- ® m- b n- ° Ww Camw \a-
kvImcw Zo¿Ln-∏n-°p-∂Xpw Npcp-°p-∂Xpsa√mw. IW-°n-e-[nIw
Zo¿Ln- ∏ n- ® Xn\m¬
Xn\m¬ hnj- a n- ® p- t ]mb aAv - a q- a p- I ƒ \_n(- k )bpsS
k∂n-[nbn¬ Bh-emXns∏´-t∏mƒ AØcw Cam-ap-Isf Xm°oXv
sNbvX kw`hw hnh-cn-°p∂ \nc-h[n lZo-kp-I-fp≠v.
hgn-bm-{X-°m¿, tcm-Kn-Iƒ, hy-≤≥am¿, Ip-´n-Iƒ AXym-h-iy-
°m¿ F∂n-h-scms° Xs‚ ]n∂n-ep-≠m-Im-sa∂ t_m[w Cam-an-
\p-≠m-IWw. ""\a- ""\a-kvIm-cw Zo¿Ln-∏n-°-W-sa-∂p-t±-in®v Rm≥ \a-
\akvImcw
kvIm-c-Øn¬ {]th-in°pw. ]s£ Ip´n-I-fpsS Ic-®n¬ tIƒ°p-
tºm¬ Ah- c psS amXm- ° ƒ hnj- a n- ° p- s a∂ `b- Ø m¬ Rm≥
Npcp°pw''' F∂v \_n(-k)- ]-d-™-Xmbn _pJmcn d nt∏m¿´v sNøp-
Npcp°pw'
∂p. \a- k v I m- c w - B - c w- ` n- ® - X p- a p- X ¬ Ah- k m- \ n°pw
n°pw hsc hnhn[
Nn¥- I - f n¬ \n∂p a\-  ns\ icn- ° pw- \n- b - { ¥n®p\n- ¿ ØWw.
A√mlphpam- b p≈ IqSn- ° m- g v ® bnemWv bnemWv (ap- \ m- P m- Ø n- em- W v ) - Xm-
s\∂ t_m[- a m- b n- c n- ° Ww \sΩ \bn- t °- ≠ Xv . \_n (k) ]d-
bp∂p: "\ns‚ \mYs\ \o Bcm- [ n- ° pI. Ahs\ I¨ap- º n¬
ImWp-∂Xv t]mse. \o (\ns‚ \· t\{X-߃ sIm≠v). A-hs\
ImWp- ∂ n- s √¶nepw Ah≥ \ns∂ ImWp- ∂ p≠v . Cam- a n- t \- ° mƒ
i_vZ-ap-b¿Øn H∂pw sNm√m-Xn-cn-°-em-Wv. (-B-an≥ Hgn-sI) D-Ø-
aw.
Camw BZysØ kemw ho´nbm¬ a‰p- ≈ - h cpw A{]- I mcw
sNøWw. ]n∂oSv c≠m- a Xpw Camw c≠pw sNm√n- ° - g n- b p- t hmfw
ImØn- c n- ° - W - sa- ∂ n√. c≠pw Cam- a n- t \m- sSm- ∏ - a m- b n- c n-n- ° - e mWv
\√Xv. \a-kvImcw Aan-X- X-amb thK-X-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-°p- °p-∂Xv
∂Xv dkq¬
(k) \ntcm- [ n- ® n- c n- ° p∂p. AØcw \a- k v I m- c - ° m¿°v \mi-
ap≠mIs´ F∂v \_n(-k) k) {]m¿Yn-®n-cn- cn-°p∂p. Nne tImgn- sImØpsImØp
\a- k v I m- c - ° m¿ F∂m- W - h sc \_n(- k ) D]- a n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv . ]cn-
ip≤ daZm\n¬ cm{Xn-I-fnse \a-kvImcw AXn-[r-Xn-bn¬ \n¿∆-ln-
°p∂ BfpIƒ C°mcyw {]mtXyIw {i≤n- ° Ww.
28 \akvImcw 29
Xømsd-Sp∏v
\Pkpw ip≤o-I-c-Whpw
aew, aq{Xw, c‡w, New, O¿±n-®Xv, aZvbv (Im-a-hn-Imc thf-
bn¬ P\-t\-{µn-b-Øn-eqsS ]pdØv hcp-∂ {ZmhIw) hZvbv (`mcw
Npa- ° p- t ºmgpw aq{X- h n- k ¿÷- \ m- \ - ¥ - c tam hcp∂ {ZmhIw), e-
lcn ]Zm¿Y-߃ F∂n-h-bpw \mb, ]∂n F∂o Pohn-Ifpw a\p-
jy≥, a’yw, Pdm- Z v (- H cp Xcw sh´p- I n- f n) F∂nh HgnsIbp≈
F√m ih-ß-fp-amWv \P-kp-Iƒ (amen-\y-߃). Chsb sF≥\-
P-kp-Iƒ (kØ Xs∂ Aip-≤-am-bh) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.- C-Øcw
\P- k p- I - f n¬ \n∂v \a- k v I - c n- ° p∂ ÿehpw hkv { Xhpw ico-
chpw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ip≤-am-bn-cn-°Ww. CXv \a-kvImcw icn-bm-Ip-
∂-Xn-\p≈ i¿Xzp(-\n-_-‘-\) Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
sF≥\-P-kp-I-fn¬, \mb-bp-sSbpw ]∂n-bp-sSbpa√mØ ih-
Øns‚ tXmep- I ƒ Dud- ° n- ´ m¬ ip≤- a m- I p- ∂ XmWv . elcn
]Zm¿Yw kzb- a n- c p∂p kp¿°- b mbn cq]m- ¥ - c - s ∏- ´ m¬ Ahbpw
ip≤-amWv a‰p \P-kp-Iƒ kzb-tah ip≤-am-Ip-∂-htbm ip≤-am-
°m≥ ]‰p-∂-h-tbm- A√. Ah hkv{X-Øntem at‰m Bbm¬ ip≤-
am-Ipw hsc Igp-IpI. c≠p Jp√Øv (H-t∂-Im¬ apgw hoXw \of-
hpw hoXnbpw Bg-hp-ap≈ Hcp Ipgn-bntem ]m{X-Øntem Dƒs°m-
≈p∂ sh≈w) sh-≈-Øn¬ Xmsg-bp-≈-Xn¬ \Pkv hoWm¬ B
sh≈w apgp-h≥ Aip-≤-am-Ip-∂-XmWv. AXn¬ IqSn-b-Xn¬ \Pkv
hogp-Ibpw sh≈-Øn\v \nd-hy-Xym-khpw aWhpw cpNn-bp-ap-≠m-
bn- Ø o- c p- I bpw
bpw sNbv X m¬ B sh≈w \P- k m- b n- Ø ocpw.
\mb Xe-bn´ ]m{Xw Ggp {]mhiyw Igp-IWw AXn¬ GsX-
¶nepw Hcp {]hiytØXv aÆp- I - e ¿Ønb sh≈w sIm≠mbn- c n-
°Ww sImXp- I v , - a q´, sN≈v , ]m‰ apX- e m- b - h - bpsS c‡hpw,
sNmdn apX-em-b-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Ipd™ c‡hpw, N-ehpw, Cu®
\akvImcw 30
h∆m¬ apX-em-b-hbpsS b
- psS aehpw aq{Xhpw \P-p-
p-I-f√. ]m¬ am{Xw
`£n-®n-´p≈ sNdnb B¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS aq{Xw hkv{X-Øntem at‰m
Bbm¬ AXn¬ sh≈w Xfn-®m¬ aXn. \P-kmb hkvXp-°-fpsS
ta¬ sh≈samgn®v Igp- I p- I bmWv th≠Xv .
ak-aq{X hnk¿÷\ tijw B `mK-ß-ƒ \∂mbn ipNn-bm-
°Ww. AXn- t \- ‰ hpw DØaw sh≈- a m- W v . IS- e mkv , I√v , ioe
F∂nh \Pkv hen- s ®- S p- ° m\pXIp∂- h - b m- s W- ¶ n¬ AØcw
hkvXp-°ƒ sIm≠pw iuNyw sNømhp-∂-XmWv. sh≈w sIm≠v
iuNyw sNøp- ∂ - X n\v apºpw CØ- c w hkv X p- ° ƒ IqSn D]- t bm-
Kn-°p-∂Xv \√Xp Xs∂.
a\pjy ipIv f w \P- k √ F∂- X mWv {]mam- W n- I m`n- { ]mbw,
I^w, aq- ° ´, Xp- ∏ p- \ o¿, amwkw, `£y- t bm- K y- a mb arKßfpsS
tIe F∂n- h bpw \P- k p- I - f √. F¶nepw Ch- sh≈w sIm≠v
ip≤o-I-cn-°p-IbmWv th≠sX∂p {]hm-N-Is‚ Ncy-I-fn¬ \n∂v
hy‡- a m- I p- ∂ p.
EXpc‡w
sslfzv F∂ Ad_n ]Z- Ø ns‚ A¿Y- a mWv EXp- c ‡w
F∂- X v . kv { XoIƒ°v ]Xn- a qt∂m ]Xn- \ m- t em- h - b v {]mb- a m- I p-
tºmƒ B¿Øhw Bcw- ` n- ° p- ∂ p. CtXmsS kv { XoIƒ {]mb-
]q¿Øn- b m- b - h - c mbn KWn- ° - s ∏- S p∂p. A]q¿h- a mbn Nne¿°v
Pohn- X - Ø n- s em- c n- ° epw B¿Ø- h - a p- ≠ m- b n- s √∂pw hcmw. a‰p
Nne¿°v ]Øv hb-n\p ap≥]v Xs∂ D≠m-sb∂pw hcpw. amkw
tXmdpw D≠m- I m- d p≈ Cu c‡w Hcp ]q¿Æ Znh- k - s a- ¶ nepw
D≠mIpw. anX- a mbn Ggp Znhkhpw Ihn- ™ m¬ ]Xn- \ ©p
Znhkw hsc-bp-≠m-Ipw. Hcp Znh-k-sØ-°mƒ Ipd-™mepw ]Xn-
\-©p Znh-k-sØ-°mƒ IqSn-bmepw AXv tcmK e£-W-ambn IW-
°m°s∏Spw. At∏mƒ AXp B¿Ø-h-a√. B¿Ø-h-c‡w a™
Ie¿∏p≈ Nph∂ c‡-am-bn-cn°pw.
B¿Ø-h-ap-≈-t∏mƒ t\mºpw \a-kvIm-chpw henb Aip-≤n-
bn¬ l- d m- a m- I p∂ F√m Imcy- ß fpw \njn≤amWv . B¿Øhw
Xocp- ∂ Xv hsc- b p≈ \a- k v I mcw \n¿∆- l n- t °- ≠ - X n√. F∂m¬
t\mºv a‰p Znh-k-ß-fn¬ ip≤n-bmb tijw t\md-dp-ho-t´-≠-Xm-m-Wv.
{]k-h-c‡w
kv{XoIƒ°v {]k-hm-\-¥cw {khn-°p∂ c‡-amWv \n^mkv \n^mkv
({]- k - h - c - I Xw). Ipd- ™ Xv Hcp \nan- j tam km[m- c - W - b n¬
\m¬]tXmfw Znh- k tam IqSn- b m¬ Adp- ] Xv Znh- k tam DXp≠m-
\akvImcw 31
Ip- ∂ - X mWv . AXn¬ Ihn- ™ m¬ tcmK- I m- c - W - a m- b n- c n°pw.
B¿Ø-h-Im-cn-Iƒ°v ldm-am-bsX√mw Ch¿°pw \njn-≤-amWv.
c‡w {khn- ° p- ∂ Xv Xv \n∂pIgn- ™ m¬ Ipfn®v ip≤n- b mbn
Bcm- [ - \ - I ƒ \n¿∆- l n- ° Ww. \ΩpsS \mSp- I - f nse kv { XoIƒ
c‡-hm¿® Ah-km-\n-®mepw Znhkw XnI-°p-hm-\mbn HXp-ßn-°n-
S∂v A{Xbpw \mfsØ \a- k v I m- c hpw a‰pw Hgn- h m°p∂Xv icn-
b√. c‡-km-∂n≤yw Ah-km-\n-®-Xmbn Dd-∏m-bm¬ Ipfn®p ip≤-
ambn \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-XmWv. {]k-h-c‡w Ipd®v Znh-kw -am-{Xta
kv { XoIƒ°p- ≠ m- I m-m- d p≈p. \mev ] Xv Znhkw XpS¿®- b mbn D≠m-
hpI Ahq¿∆- a mWv . AXn- ∂ n- S - b n¬ Ah¿°pw c‡w \ne°pw.
At∏mƒ Ah¿°pw ip≤- a m- I m- h p- ∂ - X m-m- W v .
c‡{kmhw
EXp c‡- Ø ns‚bpw {]k- h - c ‡- Ø n- s ‚bpw IqSnb ]cn- [ n-
Iƒ°p-tijhpw c‡w ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv CkvXnlm-fzØv
(c‡ {kmhw) Bbn-cn°pw. Ch¿ \nXy Aip-≤n-°m-cmWv. Ch¿
t\mºpw \akvImchpw \n¿∆lnt°≠Xp≠v. EXpc‡Øns‚ amkap
dbnse Znhk߃ ¢n]vXs∏SpØn A{Xbpw Znhkw B¿Øhambn
IW°m°pI. tijap≈ tijap≈ Znhk߃ c‡{kmh Zn\ßfmbnZn\ßfmbn FÆpI.
c‡{kmh- a p- ≈ - t ∏mƒ kwtbmKw A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a m- W v .
FÆs∏´ B¿Ø- h - \ m- f p- I ƒ°v tijw ip≤n- bmbn \a- k v I m
chpw a‰pw A\p- j v T n- ° Ww. Ch¿ Hmtcm \a- k v I m- c - Ø n\pw
kabw Bb-Xn\v tijw hpfzp sNøpI. hpfzp-hn\v apºv Kqlym-
h- b - h w IgpIn ]™nbpw ioe- b p- a p- ] - tbm- K n®v Xmdp sI´Ww.
ASpØ hIzvØn\v Cu sI´nb ]™n c‡-Øn¬ IpXn¿s∂-¶n¬
am‰n ]pXn- b h sh®v hpfzp sNbv X v \a- k v I - c n- ° - W w. Cßs\
sh®p sI´p- I bpw hpfzp sNøpIbpw sNbv X tijw A¬]w
c‡w h∂m¬ Xs∂ Ku\n-t°-≠-Xn√. Xmakw hcp-ØmsX DSs\
\a- k v I - c n- ° - W - s a∂p am{Xw. Nne I¿a imkv { X ]fin- X ≥am¿
^nIzvlv {KŸ-ß-fneqsS c‡{kmh-ap≈ kv{XoIƒ°v ITn-\hpw
A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-hp-amb Nne \n¿t±-i-߃ \¬In ImWp∂p. Ah
Ahsc `b- s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ - X n\pw X≥aqew Bcm- [ - \ m- I ¿a- ß - fn¬
\n∂hsc ]n¥n- ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hgn-sh-°p-∂p-s≠∂v {]tXyIw
kvac-Wo-b-amWv
henb Aip≤n
Ipfn \n¿_- ‘ - a mIp∂ Imcy- ß - f p- ≠ m- b m¬ Ah\p henb
Aip≤nbp≈- h ≥ F∂p ]d- b p∂p. Dd- ° ntem DW¿®- b ntem
\akvImcw 32
C{µnb kv J e\w kw`- h n- ° pI (P\m- _ - Ø v I m¿)B¿Ø- h - a p- ≠ m
IpI, kwtbmKw sNøpI, {]-k-hn-°p-I-, {]-k-h-c-‡w ]pd-s∏-SpI
F∂o Imc-W-ßfm¬ Ipfn \n¿_-‘- ‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.
o-cp∂p. CØcw L´-
ß-fn¬ Ipfn-°p∂Xn\v ap≥]v Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ \njn-≤w
(- l dmw) BIp- ∂ p.
1. -]-≈n-bn¬ Xma-kn-°¬
2. -B¿Ø-h-Im-cn,- {]-k-hn-®-hƒ, {]-khc‡-ap-≈-hƒ F∂n-
h¿ kwtbmKw sNø¬
3. -\-a-kv-Imcw
kvJe\w kw`-hn®n´n-s√-
s√-¶nepw Ipfn \n¿∫-‘- ‘-am- am-sW∂p \_n
hN\w ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p∂p. A_qlpdbv d (d)bn¬ \n∂v . \_n (- k )
]d™p. Ah- f psS (`m- c y- b p- s S) \mep hi- ß - f n- e p- a mbn Ah≥
Ccp∂p. Ah-fp-ambn sa\-s°´p. \n›bw Ipfn Ah\p \n¿_-‘-
ambn (_p-Jmcn,apkvenw). Camw apkven-ans‚ as‰mcp dnt∏m¿´n¬
kvJe\w kw`-hn-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw F∂ ]Zhpw IqSn h∂n-´p-≠v.
Ipfn
Ipfn- ° p- I - b m- s W∂ \nøØpw icocw apg- h ≥ sh≈- s am-
gp°n Igp-I-ep-amWv Ipfn-bpsS ^¿fp-Iƒ. ico-c-Ønse amen-\y-
߃ \o°pI, BZy-Øn¬ hpZzp sNøpI, _nkvan sNm√pI, X-e-
apSn hnc¬ sIm≠v NoIn Igp- I pI. aq∂p {]hiyw ico- c - Ø n¬
sh≈- s am- g p- ° pI F∂nh Ipfn- b psS kp∂- Ø p- I - f m- W v . \_n- Xn-
cp- t a\n (k)- b psS Ipfnsb kw_- ‘ n®v BCi(d)- b n¬ \n∂v
_pJm-cnbpw
cnbpw apkvenapw D≤-cn® lZo-kn¬ kn¬ \n∂p Ipfn-bpsS ]q¿Æ
cq]w \ap°v {Kln°mw.
dkq¬(k)- P - \ m- _ Øp Ipfn- ° p- t ºmƒ BZy- a mbn Ccp- I - c -
ßfpw IgpIpw. ]n∂oSv he-XpssIsIm≠v CSXpssI-bn¬ sh≈-
sam- g n®v ssewKn- I m- h - b- h - b - ß ƒ IgpIpw. tijw hpZp
hpZp sNøpw.
A\-¥cw sh≈w ssII-fn¬ tImcn-sb-SpØv apSn-bpsS D≈n-te°v
hnc- e p- I ƒ {]th- i n- ∏ n°pw. XpS¿∂p aq∂p tImc¬ sh≈-
samgn°pw. ico-c-Øns‚ a‰p `mK-ß-fnepw (h-eXp `mKØv BZyw
]ns∂ CSXv) sh≈-sam-gn°pw. ]n∂oSv Iqfn-®n-cp∂ ÿeØv \n∂v
amdn-\n∂v Imen¬ sh≈-sam-gn°pw (_p-Jmcn,ap-kvenw). kv{XoIfpw
henb Aip-≤n-bpsS Ipfn C{]-Im-c-amWv \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠Xv. ico-
c- Ø nse Npfn- h p- I - f pw Cdp- I nb `mK- ß fpw kq£n®v Igp- I pI,
Agp°v apgp- h ≥ t]mIm\pX- I p∂ hkv X p- ° ƒ D]- t bm- K n- ° pI
F∂nh {i≤n-t°-≠-XmWv. \n¿_-‘-an-s√-¶nepw Xmsg∏d-bp-∂-h-
°p-th≠n Ipfn-°¬ Ckvemw sFOn- I- I-ambn \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-
cn-°p∂p.
\akvImcw 33
1. sh- ≈ n- b mgv ®Ifn- t ebpw s]cp-
s]cp- ∂ m- f p- I - f n- s ebpw Ppap- A -
Iƒ°v th≠n.
2. aønØ
aønØvv Ipfn-
Ipfn-∏n®
∏ n® hy‡n.
3. Aapkv enw Ckv e mw kzoI- c n-n- ® m¬.
4. sIm
sImºvºv s h®-
h®- Xn\v th≠n
th≠n..
\a-kvImcw ]q¿W-ambpw `‡n \n¿`-c-am-h-Wsa¶n¬ Ah-
bpsS {Iaßfpw cq]-ßfpw \a-kv°mcØnte°v {]th-in-°p-∂-
Xn\v ap≥]v Xs∂ {Kln-®n-cn-°Ww. sNdpXpw hep-X-pamb Aip-
≤n-bn¬ \n∂v ip≤-am-h-Ww. sNdnb Aip-≤n-bn¬ \n∂v ip≤-am-
Ip- h m≥ hpZphpw henb Aip- ≤ n- b n¬ \n∂v ip≤- a m- I p- h m≥ Ip-
fnbpw Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-®n-cn-°p∂p. Aip-≤-hms‚ \a-kvImcw
kzoImcytbmKy-a√. a√. `‡n Bflob ip≤n-bmWv. hpZphpw Ipfnbpw
imco-cnI ip≤nbpw.
AwK ip≤n
kzbw ip≤n-bp≈ as‰m-∂ns\ ns\ ip≤-am-°m≥ sI¬∏p‰
sI¬∏p‰ kz®-
amb(Xzlq- d mb) sh≈w sIm≠mWv hpZphpw Ipfnbpw \S- t Ø-
≠Xv. BZy-ambn hpZp-hns\°pdn®v a\-n-em°mw.
hpZp sNøp-I-bm-m-sW∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS (\n-ø-tØm-sS)-bmWv
Bcw-`n-t°-≠Xv. BZy-ambn _nkvan sNm√n- ]√pw hmbbpw I-gp-
IpI. ]n∂ oSv ssI∏ Sw c≠pw IgpIn aq∂p {]mhiy {]mhiyww hoXw hm
bn¬ sh≈w Ihnƒ sIm≈pIbpw AXnt\msSm∏w aq°n¬ sh≈w
Ib‰n No‰p- I bpw sNøpI. dkqens‚ (k)- h pZp- h n- s \- I p- d n®v
Cwdm\n¬ (d)-\n∂v apkvenw D≤-cn® lZokv ImWp-I.
At±lw ]d™p: Hcn- ° ¬ Dkv a m≥ (d)- I p- d ®p sh≈w
Bh- i y- s ∏- S p- I bpw Xmsg ]dbpw {]Imcw hpZp- F - S p- ° p- I bpw
sNbv X p. At±lw aq∂v { ]m- h iyw ap≥ssIIƒ IgpIn. tijw
Ipep- ° n- b p-gn- g n- b pIbpw aq°n¬ \n∂v sh≈w No‰nIf- b p- I bpw
sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv aq∂p {]mh-iyw apJw IgpIn. A\-¥cw heXpw
CSXpw ssIIƒ ap´p-hsc aq∂p {]mhiyw hoXw IgpIn. ]n∂oSv
Xe XShn. tijw aq∂p {]h-iyw hew-Imepw ]n∂oSv CSwImepw
Rcn- b m- W n- h sc IgpIn. F∂n´t±lw C{]- I mcw ]d- ™ p: C{]-
Imcw dkq¬ (k) hZp- s Nbv X tijw Acpfn: h√- h \pw Rm≥
Cu sNbv
sNbv X hpZp t]mse AwKip≤n hcpØn c≠p dIv - A Øv
\a- k v I - c n- ® m¬ Ahs‚ Ign™p t]mb ]m]- ß ƒ s]mdp- ° - s ∏-
Sp-∂-XmWv. (ap-kvenw)
\_n(k) Xe XS- h p- ∂ - t Xm- s Sm- ∏ - a mWv sNhn- I fpw XS- h n- b n-
cp- ∂ Xv . Xe- X - S - h ¬ Hcp {]mh- i y- t a- b p≈q. sh≈- Ø n¬ ssIap-
\akvImcw 34 \akvImcw 35

°n- b tijw X≈- h n- c ¬ c≠p sN∂n- I - f nepw sh®v Xe- b psS cnepw ]cn-ip-≤-cnepw D¬s∏-Sp-tØ-Wta!''
ap≥`mKw apX¬ ]n≥`mKw hscbpw Xncn®pw XS-hp-I. sNhn-bpsS
AIhpw ]pdhpw Ahn- S p∂p XS- h n- b n- ´ p≠v . sN- h n- I ƒ XS- hpZp apdn-bp∂ Imcy-߃
hm≥am{Xw ]pXp-Xmbn sh≈w FSp-Øn-´n√ F∂m-Wv kzlo-lmb Xmsg-∏-d- bp∂bp∂ Imcy-ßfm¬ f
- m¬ hpZzp Zp¿_-e-
e-am-
am-°s∏-
s
- ∏-Sp-
Sp-∂-XmWv.
lZo- k p- I - f n¬ h∂n-
h∂n- ´ p- ≈ Xv . ]m{X- ß- f n¬ \n∂mWv hpfp sNøp- 1. ae,- aq{Xaq{X Zzmc-ß-
ß - f n-n- e qsS
qsS h√Xpw ]pds∏-
]pds∏- S pI.
∂-sX-¶n¬ ssIIƒ ]m{X-Øn-te°v {]th-in-∏n°pw apºv sh≈w 2. Dd°w, _p- _p- ≤ n- { `aw, t_m- [ - £ bw, elcn, F∂n- h - b m¬
sNcn- s ®- S pØv ap∂p XhW ssIIƒ Igp- I nb tijta ]m{X- hnthIw \jv S - s ∏- S p- I .
Øn¬ ssIbn´v sh≈ saSp-°m-hq. l-Zo- Zo-kp-I-
I-fn¬ A{]-Imcw h∂n- 3. D≈w ssIIƒ ssIIƒ sIm≠v sseKnw- I m-m- h - b - h - ß ƒ kv ] ¿in-
´p-≠v. hpZp-hn\v Aan-X-ambnambn sh≈-ap-]- ]-tbm-
tbm-Kn-
Kn-°cpXv. ho´n∂p apºn- °pI.
eqsS Hgp-Ip∂ ]pg-bn¬ \n∂m-bmepw aq∂n-e-[nIw {]mhiyw Igp- 4, kwt
kwtbmKwbmKw sNø
sNøp-p- I .
I-cp-sX∂p≈ \_n(-k)-bpsS D]-tZiw {i≤m¿l-amWv. 5. H´I amwk amwkww `£n-
`£n- °p- I .
\nøØv , apJw I- g p- I ¬, ssI c≠pw apt´mfw Igp- I ¬, \_n(-k)-bn¬ \n∂v Pm_n¿(d) \nth-Z\w: Hcmƒ
Xe- X - S - h ¬, Im¬ Igp- I ¬, {Ia- { ]- I m- c - a m- I ¬ F∂nh ^¿Zp- \_n (k)-tbmSv tNmZn®p: B´n-d®n Ign-®m¬ hpZp sNø-Wtam?
Ifmbpw AwK-ß-fn¬ sh≈ samen-∏n-°pI sh≈w tNcp-∂-Xn\v \_n(- k )- ] - d ™p: thW- s a- ¶ n¬. Abmƒ ho≠pw H´- I - a mwkw
XS-  - a p≈ ]Zm¿Y- ß ƒ AwK- ß - f n¬ C√m- X n- c n- ° pI F∂nh `£n-®mtem?
®mtem? Ahn-Sp∂p Sp∂p ]d™p AsX(-hpZp sNø-Ww). (ap-kvenw)
i¿Øp- I - f mbpw I¿Ωimkv { X ]Wv U n- X ≥am¿ \n¿Æ- b n- ® n- c n- Cu hn[n Zp¿∫-e-s∏-s´∂v hmZn-°p∂ ]WvUn-X≥am-cp≤cn-
°p∂p. °p∂ lZo-kp-I-fpsS ]c-ºc Zp¿_-e-ß-fm-Wv. (-Camw \h-hn)
_nkv a n sNm√pI, ankv h m°p sNøpI, ssI- ∏ Sw Igp- I pI, A∫mZv_v\p Xanw(d) D≤-cn-°p∂p: \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ X\n-°v
hmbnepw aq°nepw sh≈w tN¿°pI, sNhnI sNhnIƒ ƒ XShpI,
XShpI, tX®pc
tX®pc (-hpZp apdn-bp∂) h-√Xpw kw`-hn-®pthm F∂p kwi-bn® Imcyw
°pI, hetØXmZyw sNøpI Xnßnb XmSn NoInIgpIpI, Izn_v e Hcmƒ \_n(-k)-tbmSv Bh-em-Xn-s∏-´p. \_n(-k) ]d™p: i_vZw
°-`n-ap-J-
J-ambncn°pI,
ambncn°pI, ssIIm-ep-Iƒ Iƒ Ib‰n Igp-IpI, aq∂p {]mh- tIƒ°p- I tbm hmk\ A\p`h- s ∏- S p- I tbm sNbv s X- ¶ n- e - √ msX
iyambncn°
iyamb ncn°pI pI F∂nh hpZphns
hpZphns‚ ‚ kp∂-Øp -I-fm Wv Hmtcm Ah- \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \n∂v ]ncn™pt]mtI-≠-Xn-√. (hpZp \jvS-s∏-Sp-
b-h-ßfpw Igp-Ip-tºmƒ {]tXy-I-ambn H∂pw-sNm-√p-hm≥ \n¿t±- I-bn√ F∂p kmcw). (-_p-Jmcn, apkvenw)
in-°-s∏-´n-´n√. hpfzp Ign-™m¬ C{]-Imcw {]m¿Yn-°pI. Cu \_n hN\w kwi-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hpZp \jvS-s∏s´∂v
(A-ivlZp A≥em Ceml C√-√mlp hlvZlp em i-co-°-e- [cn- ° - c p- s X∂pw XnI®pw Dd- ∏ p- ≠ m- b m¬ am{Xsa Ku\n- t °- ≠-
lp, h- A-ivlZp A∂ apl-Ω-Z≥ A_vZplp hd-kq-eplp; A√m- Xp≈q F∂pw ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p∂p.
l-p-Ω CPv-A¬\o an\-Ø-∆m-_o\ hPvA¬\o an\¬ apX-Xz-lvln- aZvbv (ssew-KnI hnImcw sIm≠v am{Xw Nne¿°p-≠m-Im-dp≈
co≥) {ZmhIw) ]pd-s∏-´m¬ hpZp \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv. kv{XoIƒ°v tcmK
Imc- W - a p≈ c‡- { kmhw hpZp \jv S - s ∏- S pØpw.
Ccp∂psIm≠p≈ Ipd™ ka-bsØ Xqßn-bp-d-°tam ab-
°tam hpZp Zp¿_- e - s ∏- S p- Ø p∂X√. kv { XoIsf kv ] ¿in- ® m¬
hpZp Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-sa∂vsa∂v Nne ]WvUn-X-∑m¿°-`n-{]m-b-ap≠v. ]s£
dkq¬(k)-Xs‚ `mcy-am-cn-sem-cmsf Npw_n®v hpZp sNømsX \a-
kvI-cn®p. Dd-ßn-°n-S∂ BCi(d)-bpsS ssIIm-ep-Iƒ \_n(-k)-
""A√mlp A√msX Bcm- [ - \ - ° ¿l- \ ns√∂pw Ah≥ \-a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ kpPq-Zns‚ Zns‚ ÿm\-Øp-\n∂v \o°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p.
GI\pw ]¶p- I m- c - \ n- √ m- Ø - h \m- s W∂pw Rm≥ km£yw hln- Cu lZo-kp-Iƒ kv{Xo ]pcpj ]pcpj _mly kv]¿i-\-Øm¬ hpZp apdn
°p∂p. apl- Ω Zv ( k)- A - h s‚ ASn- a - b pw ZqX- \ p- a m- s W∂p Rm≥
km£yw hln- ° p∂p. A√m- l pth, Fs∂ ]›m- Ø - ] n- ° p- ∂ - h - Xp¿ap-Zn,
Zn, A_q-Zm-
Zm-hq-Zv, C_v\p-amP F∂n-hcpw
hcpw
\akvImcw 36
bp-Ibns√∂v sXfn-bn-°p-∂p.- ∂p.- a-\-
\-∏q¿h-a-√mØ kv]¿i-waqew hpZp
\jv S - s ∏- S p- I - b n√.
hpZp- h n- √ mØ- t ∏mƒ \a- k v I - c n- ° mt\m Xzhm^v sNømt\m
]mSn√, hpZp-hn-√msX Izp¿-B≥ kv]¿in-°m-sa∂pw ]mSn-s√-∂pw
]Wv U n- X ≥am¿°n-
≥am¿°n- S - b n¬ A`n- { ]m- b - ¥ - c - a p≠v . F∂m¬ hpZp
sNbvtX sXmSmhp F∂pw hpZp-hn-√msX sXmS¬ ldm-am-sW∂pw
]d-bp-∂Xv icn-b√. kzlolpw hy‡-hp-amb sXfn-hs‚ A`m-h-
am-Wn-Xn\p Imc-Ww.
XbΩpw
sh≈w e`n- ° m- X n- c n- ° pI, D]- t bm- K n°m≥ ]‰m- s X hcnI,
In´nb sh≈w ]m\w sNøm≥ am{Xw aXn-bm-b-Xmbn hcnI F∂o
L´ßfn¬ hpZphpw Ipfnbpw \S-Øm≥ Øm≥ ]‰msX hcp-tºmƒtºmƒ sh≈-
Øn\v ]Icw aÆv sIm≠v sIm≠v ip≤o- I - c Ww \S- Ø p- ∂ - X n- s \- b mWv
XbΩpw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v ka-b-am-bn-°-gn-™m¬
\nø- t Øm- S p- I qSn ip≤- a mb s]mSn- a- Æ n¬ ssII- f - S n®p apJhpw
ssIIfpw XS- h p- I - b mWv sNtø- ≠ Xv . apJ- Ø n- ∂ mbn Hcn- ° epw
ssIIƒ°mbn c≠m-a-sXm-cn-°epw aÆn-e-Sn-t°-≠-Xn√ F∂mWv
{]mam-WnI \_n hN-\-ß-fn¬ h∂n-´p-≈Xv. Hcp XhW XhW ASn-®p-
sIm≠p BZyw apJhpw ]n∂oSv ssIIfpw XS- h p- I . ap≥
ssIItf XS-th-≠-Xp-≈q. hpZp-sIm≠v A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-sX√mw
XbΩpw IsIm≠v A\p-h-Z-\o-b-amWv. hpZp Zp¿∫-e-s∏-Sp∂ Imc-
W- ß - f mepw XbΩpw sNøm\p≈ Imc- W - ß ƒ \oßp- t ºmgpw
XbΩpw Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. hpZp-hn\p ]Icw \n¬°p-∂-XmWv
XbΩpw. AXn- \ m¬ hpZp sIm≠v H∂ne- [ nIw ^¿fp- \ - a -
kvImc߃ \n¿∆-ln-°m-sa-∂-Xp-t]mse XbΩpw sIm≠pw \n¿∆-
ln- ° m- h p- ∂ - X mWv . kp∂Øv \a- k v I m- c - ß fpw A{]- I mcw Xs∂.
hpZp sNøp∂ Ah-b-h-ß-fn¬ tcmK-ap-≈-h¿ Btcm-Ky-ap≈ `mKw
sh≈w sIm≠v Igp-Ip-Ibpw sh®p-sI-´n-b-Xn≥ta¬ Jp^v^-bn¬
XS-hp-∂Xv t]mse XS-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ aXn. sh®p-sI-´nb apdn-
hp- I ƒ°v th≠n am{Xw XbΩpw sNø- W - s a- ∂ - X n\v kzlo- l mb
lZo- k p- I - f n¬ sXfn- h p- I - f n√.
XbΩpw sNbv X v \a- k v I - c n® tijw XbΩpw sNøm- \ p≈
ImcWw \oßn- b m¬ hpZp sNbv X v B \a- k v I mcw ho≠pw
Bh¿Øn-t°-≠-Xn√.
Xb-Ω-pan\v AXn I¿i-\-ß-fmb \n_-‘-\-Iƒ I¿Ωimkv{X-
]WvUn-X-∑m¿ Np-a- a-Ønb ImcWw XbΩpw sNtø≠ Ah-k- k-c-
c-߃
߃
h∂n´pw AXv sNøm≥ aSn-°p∂ ]e-cp- ap≠v ap≠v. AØ-c-°m¿ CØcw
\akvImcw 37
kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Ipfn-°m\pw hpZp sNøm\pw Ign-bmsX \a-kvImcw
Hgn- h m- ° p∂ {]h- W - X - b n- e m- s W- Ø n- t ®- c pI. \_n(- k )bpsS
ImeØv AXn- s si- X y- a p- ≈ - t ∏mgpw a‰pw XbΩpw sNb- v X Xpw
AXn\v dkq¬ (k) AwKo- I mcw \¬In- b - X p- a mb \nc- h [n kw`-
h-߃ lZo-kp-I-fn¬ D≤-cn®p ImWp∂p. CØcw kµ¿`-ß-fn¬
XbΩpw sNøp∂- X n\v aSn Im´n \a- k v I mcw Hgn- h m°n ssZh-
tIm]w hmßm-Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-t°-≠-XmWv.
Jp^v^ XS-h¬
_q´p- I tfm (Jp- ^ v ^ ) Imep- d - I tfm (Pu- d - _ v ) - [- c n- ® n- ´ p- s ≠-
¶n¬ hpZp- s N- ø p- t ºm- ƒ Im¬ Igp- I p- ∂ - X n\v ]Icw Ah- b psS
apI-fn¬ \\® ssIIƒ sIm≠v XS-hp-I-bmWv DØaw. Im¬]m-
Z-Øn\v apI-fn¬ ap≥`m-KØp\n∂v KØp\n∂v XpSßn ]n≥`m-K-tØ-°mbn he-
Xp- s sI- s Im≠p he- X p- I mepw CSXp ssIsIm≠v CSXp Imepw
Hmtcm {]hiyw hoXw Htc kabw Xs∂ XS- h p- I - b m- W n- X ns‚
I¿Ω cq]w. ]mZ-Øn-∂-Sn-bn¬ XS-th-≠-Xn√. \_n(k)- ta¬ `mKw
am{Xta XS- h n- b n- ´ p≈q.
\_n(-k)bn¬ \n∂v apKo-d-Øp_v\p ipAv_(d) D≤-cn-°p∂p:
\_n (k)- hpZp sNbvXp. (Im¬ Igp-Ip-∂n-S-sa-Øn-b-t∏mƒ) Rm≥
\_n(-k)-bpsS Jp^v^-I-f-gn-°≥ Ip\n™p. At∏mƒ Ahn-Sp∂p
]d™p: hnt´°q. Rm\Xv hpZphp≈- t ∏mƒ [cn- ® - X m- W t√m.
F∂n-´-t±lw AXv c≠n≥taepw XShn. (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kvenw,- A-lva-
Zv)
Jp^v ^ XS- h p∂ hnj- b - Ø n¬ 40e[nIw lZo- k p- I ƒ
dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X p ImWp- ∂ p≠v . \mep \n_‘\Iƒ°v hnt[-
bambn CXv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a m-Wv.
1 ip≤
ip≤n-n- bp- ≈- t ∏mƒ∏mƒ [cn-
[cn- ® Xm-
Xm- IpI
2 [cn- ® n- cn- ° p- ∂ - h - bn¬ \P-  p- I - f n- √- m Xn- c n- °pI
3 sNdnb Aip- ≤ n-bn¬ b n¬ \n∂p
\n∂p ip≤o- ip≤o- I - c n- °p- t ºmƒ am{X- a m
bn-cn-°pI
4 \n›
\n›-- b n-n- °s∏´
s- ∏´ ka-
ka- b- ]cn-
c- n-[n-°p-≈n-
≈n-em-em-bn-cn-cn-°pI. bm{X-°m-
c\p ]q¿Æ- a mb aq∂p Znh- k hpw ÿnc- ÿnc- h m- k n°v Hcp Znh- k- h p-
amWv A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ kab ]cn[n.
Jp^v^-bn¬ XShn ip≤o-I-cn® tijw AXv am‰n [cn-°p-∂-
Xntem Agn-®p-am-‰n-b-Xn-\mtem hpZp apdn-bp-∂-X√. hpZp Zp¿∫-e-
s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Imc-W-ßfn¬ Jp^v^ Agn-°¬ s]Sp-I-bn√. ta¬
]d™ \nb-a-ß-fnse√mw kv{XoIfpw ]pcp-j≥amcpw Xpey-amWv.
Icp- W m- a - b - \ mb A√m- l p- h n- ¶ ¬ \n∂p≈ Hcm- \ p- I q- e y- a m-
\akvImcw
38 \akvImcw 39

WnXv . X- W p∏p {]tZ- i - ß - f nepw a‰pw Pohn- ° p∂h¿°pw

p∂h¿°pw bm{X-
°m¿°pw Ft∏mgpw Ch AWnbmdp- ≈ - h ¿°p- s am- s °- b p≈
kuI- c y- a m- W v ChnsS Ckv e mw ]cn- K - W n- ® n´p- ≈ Xv F∂v a\- n-
em°mw. AXpsIm≠mWv Ch- b - g n®v Im¬ Igp- I p∂- X n- s \- ° mƒ
t{ij- T - I cw Ah- b n¬ XS- h - e m- s W∂p ]Wv U n- X - ∑ m¿ ]d- b m≥
ImcWw.
\·X adbv-°¬
A\y¿ ImW¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√mØ a\p-jy-cpsS icoc `mK-
߃°mWv HudØv (\- · - X ) F∂p ]d- b p- ∂ Xv . ap´n\pw s]m°n-
fn- \ p- a n- S - b nep≈ `mK- a mWv ]pcp- j s‚ HudØv . kv { XoI- f p- s S-
Hu- d Øv ap≥ssIIfpw apJhpw Hgn- ® p≈ F√m `mKßfp- a m-
Wv . Cu `mK- ß ƒ ]q¿W- a mbpw \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ ad- ® n- c n- ° ¬
\a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚ i¿Xzp- I - f n¬s∏´- X mWv . kv { XoIƒ ]mZhpw
ad- ® n- c n- ° Ww. Cu Hud- Ø p- I ƒ ad- b m≥ ]cym- ] v - X - a mb GXp-
Xcw hk- { Xhp- a mImw. sXmen- b psS \ndw {]Xy- £ am- I - Ø °
t\cn- b h ]mSn√. IqSp- X - ¬ Iem- ] - c - a mb `wKn- b p≈ hkv { X-
߃ \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ DNn- X - a √. XpWn t]mse Hscm‰ hkv { X-
Øn¬ \a- k v ° - c n- ° ¬ DØa- a √. AXn- \ m¬ ]pcp- j - ∑ m¿ Hud-
Ø n \ v ] p d s a ] n c -S n - I q S n a d ® n c n-n- ° ¬ k p ∂ - Ø mW
mW v . H c p
\qse- ¶ n- e pw \ns‚ ]nc- S n- b n¬ \a- k v I mc thfbn¬ D≠m- b n-
cn-°s´ F∂ \_n(-k)bpsS D]-tZiw CXmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.
_m°n GXp `mKhpw Xe Dƒ∏sS ad-®n- ®n-cn-°-W-sa∂ {]tXy-I- I-amb
bmsXmcp \n¿t±-ihpan√. AXn-\m¬ Ah ad-®XpsIm≠v {]tXyI
]pWytam ad-°m-Xn-cn-°¬ aqew {]Xn-^-e-Øn¬ Ipdthm kw`-hn-
°p-I-bn-√.
\a-kvImc kabw
\a- k v I mcw icn- b m- I p- ∂ - X n- \ p≈ as‰mcp \n_- ‘ - \ - b mWv
\a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚ kabw Bbn- ´ p- s ≠∂v Dd∏v hcp- Ø ¬. ka- b -
Øn\v ap≥]p≈ \akvImcw kzoImcy tbmKy-a√. A©v \a-kvIm-
c-ßfpsS kabw hnh-cn°mw:
1 kqc
kqcy≥ y≥ BIm- i- a - ≤y- Ø n¬ n¬ \n∂p sX‰p-
sX‰p- ∂ - tXms
XmsSS (D- ® - Xn-
cn-bp-∂-tXmsS) Zzp-l¿ \a-kvImc ka-b-ambn. Hcp km[-\-Øns‚
\ng¬ AXn- t \mfw hep- ∏ - s a- Ø p- ∂ - X v h sc Zzpl¿ hIzv X v \o≠p-
\n¬°pw. (-\n-g-en‚ \ofw IW-°m-°p-tºmƒ- D-®-k-a-bsØ \ng-
ens‚ \ofw Ingn-°Ww)
2 Zzpl¿ hIzv hIzv X v Ah-
Ah- k m- \ n-n- ° p- ∂- t XmsS
XmsS Akzv d ns‚-
ns‚- k- a bw
bw
Bcw-`n-°p∂p. \ng¬ hkvXp-hns‚ \ng-ens‚ Cc-´n-bm-bm¬ Akz-
dns‚ kabw Ah- k m- \ n- ° p- ∂ p. (- k q- c ym- k v X - a bw hsc \o≠p
\n¬°p-sa∂pw {]_-e-amb as‰m-c-`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v)
3 kqcym
kqcym-- k vX- ab- t ØmsS
ØmsS aKvcn_v
aKvcn_v Bcw- Bcw- ` n- °p- I bpw
AkvXab tim`- am-bp-∂Xv hsc \o≠p \n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
4 Akv Xabtim` am™v Ccp´v Ccp´v hy]n®X
hy]n®Xvv apX¬ Cim- Cs‚
ka- b - a mbn. D¨a {]`mXw (^- P - d p-  m- Z nIzv ) hsc AXv \o≠p
\n¬°p∂p. (A¿≤- c m- { Xn- t bmsS CimCs‚ kabw Ah- k m- \ n-
°psa∂p lZo-kp-I-fn¬ h∂n-´p≠v. AXn-\m¬ A¿≤ cm{Xntb-
°mƒ ]n¥n-∏n-°p-∂Xv DØ-a-a-√)
5 D¨a {]`mXw {]`mXw apX¬
apX¬ kqtcym-
kqtcym- Zbw hsc kp_v kp_v l v \a-kv
k v I m-
c-Øns‚ hIzvXmWv
Ie- ≠ - d p- I ƒ, ]©mw- K - ß ƒ, ]{X- ß ƒ apX- e m- b hbneqsS
IrXy- a mb \a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚ ka- b - ß ƒ \n¿Æbn- ° m- \ p- f f
kuI-cy-ßfpw hm®p t]mep≈ D]-I-c-W-ßfpw km¿∆-{Xn-I-am-b-
Xn- \ m¬ Ah Bkv ] - Z - a m- ° emWv \√Xv . {]mhm- N - I ≥am- c psS
ImeØp CØcw B[p-\nI kuI-cy-ßfn√m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ \ng-ep-I-
sfbpw a‰pw Af∂p Xn´-s∏-SpØnbmbn-cp∂p kabw \n¿Wbn-®n-
cp∂-Xv.
Izn_ve°v t\sc
a°-bnse IAv-_-bmWv apkvenw temI-Øns‚ Izn_ve (A-
`n- a pJ tI{µw)
tI{µw).. \mw FhnsS \n∂p \n∂p \a- k v I - c n°p - I - b m- s W- ¶nepw
IAv - _ °p t\scbmbn- c n- ° Ww A`nap- J o- I - c n- t °- ≠ Xv . tIc-
f- ° m¿ ]Sn- ™ m- d p- \ n∂pw GI- t Ziw 22- a p- X ¬ 22.5 Un{Kn- b pw
hS- t °m´p sX‰n- b m¬ IyXy- a mb Izn_v e e`n°pw. ]≈n- I ƒ
\n¿Ωn- ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ Xv
Xv Izn_- e - ° - ` n- a p- J - a m- b - Xn- \ m¬ ]≈n- I - f n- e m-
Ip- t ºmƒ {]iv \ - a p- Z n- ° p- ∂ n- √ .
\a- k v I mcw icn- b m- I p- ∂ - X n- \ p≈ \n_- ‘ \I- f n¬ s]´-
XmWv Izn_vesb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°¬. InS∂p \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-h¿
s\©pw apJhpw Izn_v e - ° - ` n- a p- J - a m°Ww. bm{X- ° m- c \v Xs‚
kp∂Øv \akv I m- c - Ø nepw Izn_v e hy‡- a mbn a\-  n- e m- ° m≥
Ign- b mØ Bƒ°pw bp≤w t]mse- b p≈ `oIc cwK- ß - f nepw
Jn_ve°v t\sc Xncn™p Xncn™p sIm≈-W-sa∂ i¿Xzn√. HmSn-s°m-≠n-
cn- ° p- ∂ hml- \ - Ø n- e m- I ptºmƒ \a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚ Bcw- ` -
Ønse¶nepw Izn_ve e`n-°m≥ {ian-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ]n∂oSv Izn_ve-
bn¬ \n∂v sX‰n t]mbmepw Xc-t°-Sn√.
\akvImcw \akvImcw
40 41

_m¶pw CIzm-a-Øpw
A©p {]mh- i ysØ \n¿∫‘ \a- k v I m- c - ß ƒ°v _m¶pw
CIzm- a Øpw Ckv e mw \n¿t±- i n- ° p∂p. Pam- A - Ø mbp≈ \a-
kv I mcw ]≈n- I - f n¬ \SØs∏Sp- ∂ - X n\p- n\p- a pºv ka- b - a m- s b∂v
P\ßsf Adn-bn-°m-\mWv _m¶v G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. \a-
kvI-cn-°m≥ Hcpßp∂ ka-bØv CIzm-aØpw hnfn-°Ww. kv{XoI-
ƒ am{X- a mbn \a- k v I - c n- ° p- t ºmƒ
ºmƒ CIzm- a - Ø p- a m- { Xsa Bh- i y- a p-
≈p. H‰°p\a- k v I - c n- ° p- ∂ h¿°pw _m¶pw CIzm- a Øpw kp∂-
ØmWv .
_m¶nepw CIzm-a-Ønepw hnfn®p ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ hmN-I-߃
_m¶ns‚ ]Z-߃ tIƒ°p- ∂ - h cpw G‰p- ] - d - t b- ≠ - X mWv . F∂m¬ løm- A - e ¬kz-
A√ ml p AI v _ ¿ (4 XhW) emXv , lø- A - e ¬ ^emlv F∂nh tIƒ°ptºmƒ "em lu- e -
Ai vl Zp A≥ emC eml C√ √mlv ( 2 Xh W ) hemIzp∆Ø C√m- _ n√m' F∂mWv ]d- t b- ≠ XmWv . kp_v l v
Aivv l Zp
Ai Zp A∂
A∂ apl
apl-- Ω Z¿
Z¿ dkq
dkq-- ep- √mlv (2- X- hW) _m¶n¬ "A-em-XvXp-ssJdpw an\-∂uw' F∂v c≠v XhW _m¶v
lø m Ae zemØ v (2- X hW) hnfn-°p-∂-h≥ ]d-tb-≠-XmWv.
l ø m A e¬ ^ e m l v (2- X hW) F∂m¬ CXp tIƒ°p-tºmƒ "kZvIzvX h_-dn¿X' F∂p ]d-
A√ ml p AI v _ ¿ ( 2- X h W ) bp- ∂ - X n- \ pw - C - J m- a - Ø nse JZv J m- a - Ø n-  - e mØv F∂v tIƒ°p-
emCeml C√ √mlv (1 X hW ) tºmƒ "AIzm-a-l-√mlp hA-Zm-alm' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn\pw {]mam-
Wn- I - a mb lZo- k p- I - f n√. AXn- \ m¬ A{]- I m- c w- X s∂ G‰p ]d-
™m¬ aXn.
CIzm-a-Øns‚ ]Z-߃ _m¶v hnfn- ° p- ∂ - h¿ lø- A - e Ifn¬ he- t Øm´pw CS-
A√mlp AIv _ ¿, A- √ mlp AIv _ ¿ tØm´pw apJw am{Xw Xncn- t °- ≠ - X mWv . kzcw Db¿ØpI, \o´n
AivlZp A≥em-C-eml C√√mlv hnfn- ° pI, hpZp- h p- ≠ m- b n- c n- ° pI, ImXn¬ hnc¬ sh°p- I
AivlZp A∂-ap-l-ΩZp¿dkq-ep√mlv F∂nh _m¶v hnfn- ° p- ∂ h¿ {i≤n- t °- ≠ - X mWv . _m¶phnfn- ° p-
løm-A-ezemØv, lø-A-e¬ ^emlv tijw \_n(- k )°v kzemØv sNm√n°gn™v "A√m- l pΩ d∫
IzZvIzm-a-Xn-kz-emØv IzZvIzma-Øn-kz-emØv lmZnln ±Av-h-Øn-ØmΩ hkvkzemØn¬ IzmCa BXn-ap-l-Ω-Z-
A√mlp AIv _ ¿, A√mlp AIv - _ ¿ \n¬ hkzoeX h¬ ^ZoeXv h_vl-kvlp aIzm-a≥ alvaq-Z-\n-√Zo
emC-eml C√√m hA- Ø lp'

""]q¿Æ-amb Cu hnfnbpsSbpw \ne-\n¿Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Cu \a-

kvIm-c-Øn-s‚bpw DS-a-ÿ-\mb A√m-lpth, apl-ΩZv \_n°v \o
hko-e ^Zo-e F∂o ]Z-hn-
hn-Iƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw
b
- pw \o hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-
´p≈ kv X pXy¿l- a mb ÿm\Øv At±- l sØ \o \ntbm- K n- ° p-
\akvImcw 42 \akvImcw 43

Ibpw sNtø-W-ta'' -F∂p {]m¿Yn-°pI.

CIzm-a-Øn\v tijw Cu {]m¿Y\ Dcp-hn-tS-≠-Xn√. Aßs\
sNøp- ∂ - X n\v \_n- N - c ybn¬ bmsXmcp sXfn- h p- a n√. CIzm- a Øp
hnfn®p Xo¿∂bp-Ss\ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-∂-XmWv \_n-
bpsS amXrI.
kz¿K- Ø n¬ {]mhm- N - I \p hmKv Z m\w sNø- s ∏´n´p≈ c≠v
D∂-X- ]Z-hn-IfmWv hko-e, ^Zoe F∂n-h.

Fßs\ \akvIcn°Ww
\a- k v I mc {Iaw: Izn_ve-°-`n-ap-J-ambn icn-bmbn \nh¿∂p
\n¬°pI. C∂ \a-kvImcw mcw (^¿tZmkp∂tØm) Rm≥ \n¿∆-ln-
°p∂psh∂ ]q¿W t_m[w a\-  n¬ IcpXn (C- X mWv \nøØv )
A-√m-lp-A-Iv_¿ F∂p ]d-bpI (C-Xn-∂v X-Iv_o-d-Øp¬ Clvdmw
F∂p ]d- b p- ∂ p). XIv _ o¿ ]d- b p- ∂ - t Xm- s Sm∏w hnc- e p- I ƒ
\nh¿Øn ]nSn®v ssI∏- S - ß ƒ Npa- e p- I ƒ°v t\sc Db¿Øn,
tijw Ahsb XmgvØn heXpssI CS-tØ-Xn≥ta¬ hc-Ø°
hn[w s\©n¬ sh°pI. heXp ssIsIm≠v CSXp ssIøns‚
sIWp-∏n¬ ]nSn®v sIm≠n-cn-°Ww.
Xs‚ XpSn- ° p∂ lrZ- b - Ø n≥ta¬ ssI sh®v A√m- l p- h p-
ambn kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ G¿s∏-SpIbmsW∂ t_m[w CXp-kr-jvSn-
°p∂p. At∏mƒ apX¬ Ahs‚ apgp{i≤bpw A√m- l p- h n¬
tI{µo-I-cn-°Ww. t\m´w kpPqZv sNøp∂ ÿm\-Øv Øv hcp∂ \ne-
bn¬ Xe A¬]w XmgvØn AS-°-tØmsS \n¬°pI.
tijw ZpBD¬ C^vXn-Xmlv ({]m-cw` {]m¿Y-\)-Hm-XpI. Cam-
ans\ XpS¿∂v \a-kvI-cn-°p∂-h≥ ^mXnl HmXm≥ kabw In´p-
I- b n- s √∂v ImWp- I - b m- s W- ¶ n¬ CsXm- g n- h m°mw.
m°mw. BZy dIv - A -
Øn¬ am{X- a mWo {]m¿Y- \ .
Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-h-bn¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sam∂p aXn-bm-Ip-∂-XmWv:
1. kp_v-lm-\-I-√m-lpΩ h_n-lw-Zn° hX-_m-d-I-kvap-I h-X-
B-em -P-±pI hem-C-eml ssKzdpI.

""A√m-lpth, \o alm-]cn- c
- n-ip-≤≥. \ns∂ kvXpXn-°s´. °s´. \ns‚
\maw AXy- \ p- { K- l o- X - a t√m. \ns‚- I - g n- h p- I ƒ AXyp- ∂ - X - ߃.
\akvImcw 44 \akvImcw
45

\ob-√msX Bcm-[y-t\-bn√.''
2 A√m- l pΩ
pΩ _mCZv
_mCZv ss_\o
ss_\o hss_\
hss_\ JXzm-
JXzm- b mb Iam-
_mAØ ss_\¬ aivcnIzn h¬ aKvcn_n A√m-lpΩ \Izn\o-an≥
JXz-bmb Iam-bp-\° ku_p¬ A_n-bfp an\-±-\kn A√m-lpΩ
CKvkn¬ \o an≥ JXzm-bm-b-_n¬ amC h¬Pn h¬ _¿Zv

1 Imcp
Imcp-- Æ n- I\pw IcpWm IcpWm \n[n- \n[n- b p-amb
a mb A√m-
A√m- l p-hns‚
h ns‚ \ma- \ma-
""A√m-lpth, \o DZbmkvX-ab ÿm\-߃ XΩn¬ AI-‰nb Øn¬. 2 k¿∆ kvXpXn-Ifpw temI-c-£n-n-Xm-hmb A√m-lp-hn-∂m-
t]mse Ft∂bpw Fs‚ ]m]-Øn-∂p-an-S-bn¬ AI-t‰-Wta. A√m- Ip∂p. 3 Imcp-
Imcp- W n- I \pw Icp- W m- \ n- [ n-n- b p- a m- b - h ≥. 4 {]Xn- ^ e
lpth, sh≈ hkv { Xw Agp- ° n¬ \n∂v ip≤n- b m- ° - s ∏Spw \mfns‚ DS-a-ÿ\mb-h≥ 5 \ns∂ am{Xw R߃ Bcm-[n-°p∂p.
{]Imcw Fs‚ ]m]-ßfn¬ \n∂v Fs∂ ip≤n-bm-t°-Wta. A√m- \nt∂mSv am{Xw R߃ klm-bw tNmZn-°p-∂p. 6 t\cmb am¿§-
lpth sh≈w a™v , F∂nh sIm≠v Fs‚ ]m]- ß ƒ Igp- Øn¬ Rßsf \o hgn- hgn- t N¿t°- W ta. ta. 7 \o A\p- { K- l n- ® - hcpsS c- psS
tI- W ta.'' hgn- b n¬; tIm]- h n- t [- b - c- √ m- Ø - h - c psSbpw hgn- ] n- g - ® - h - c - √mØ- h -
CXp sNm√nb tijw kqd-Øp¬ ^mØnl HmXWw. XpS-°- cp-sS-bpw hgn-bn¬.
Øn¬ ADuZp _n√mlnan\-ssi-Øm\n¿dPow. Pam- A - Ø m- b n \a- k v I - c n- ° p- t ºmƒ Camw ^mØnlbn¬
_nkvan Dds° HmtX-≠-Xn√. A¬lwZp apX¬ Dds° HmXn-bm¬
aXn. ^mØn- l - b psS Ah- k m- \ - Ø n¬ Bao≥ (Cu {]m¿Y\ \o
F∂p ]d- b Ww. A£- c - ß ƒ hSn- s hmØpw kq£n®pw kzoI-cn-t°-W-ta) F∂p-ds° ]d-bWw. F√m dIvA-Øp-I-fnepw
HmXWw. kz¥w a\-ns\ tIƒ∏n-°-Ø-°-hn[w i_vZta D≠m- ^mXnl HmXp-∂-Xn\v ]pdta BZy c≠p dIv-A-Øp-I-fn¬ (c-≠n-
Imhq. (B-ZysØ c≠p dIv-A-Øp-I-fn¬ Camw Dds° HmXWw ) e- [ nIw dIv - A - Ø p- I - f p- f - f - X n¬) Izp¿- B - \ n¬ \n∂v GsX- ¶nepw
^m-Xnl C{]-Im-c-amWv. `mK-ßtfm kqd-Øp-ap-gp-h-\ptam HmX¬ kp∂-Øm-Ip∂p. Camw
kqd- t Øm- X p- tºmƒ aAv - a q- a p- I ƒ {i≤n®p tIƒ°Ww.
1 _nkv
_n kvan-
a n- √ml
mlnn dlvam\n a m\n dlow
dlow efnXamb aq∂p kqd- Ø p- I ƒ
2 A¬lwZpen-
A¬lwZp en-√mln
√ mln d∫n¬ d∫n¬ Be-
Be- ao≥ 1 Izp
Izp¬lph
¬lph-- √ mlp mlp Al- Zv . A√m-lp- l p- kzaZ
zaZvv . ew benZv
benZv . hew
bqe-Zv. hew bIp≥e-lp -Ip-^p-h≥ AlZv
3 A¿d-
A¿ d- lv am-\n¿d
\ n¿dlo loww
4 amen
amenIn
In bu buan an-- ± o≥
o≥
5 Cøm°
Cøm ° \Av- _ pZp pZp hC-øm°
ø m° \kv X- C u≥
6 Clv Zn\ kzn kzndm-
dm- ج apkv apkv XIzow
7 kzndm-
kzndm-Xz-
X z-√-
√ - Zo\ A≥ AwX AwX Assel
Asselnw nw
ssKzcn¬ aKzvfq_n Asselnw he-≈m-√o≥. Bao≥
\akvImcw 46 \akvImcw 47

""]c-a-Im-m-cp-Wn-I\pw IcpWm\n[n-bp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-

Øn¬.
""(\- _ ntb) ]d- b pI. Imcyw A√mlp GI- \ mWv F∂- X m-
Ip∂p. A√m- l p- B¿°pw B{i- b - a m- b n- ´ p- ≈ - h - \ m- I p∂p. Ah≥
B¿°pw P∑w \¬In-bn-´n√. (-B-cpsSbpw k¥-Xn-bmbn) P-\n-®n-
´p- a n√. Ah\v Xpey- \ mbn Bcpw C√- X m- \ pw. (112:- 1˛4) ""]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma-
2 Izp¬ ADuZpADuZp _nd-
_nd- ∫ n¬
n¬ ^eIzv
^eIzv . an≥i¿dn
an≥i¿dnam-
am- J-e°v
e°v han≥ Øn¬
idn-Kzm-kn-kn-°n≥
°n≥ CZm hIz_v. han≥ i¿dn∂-^m- ^m-km-
km-Øn
Øn ^n¬ DIzZv. ]d-bpI, a\p-jy-cpsS c£n-Xmhpw cmPmhpw a\p-jy-cpsS
han≥i¿cn lmkn-Zn≥ CZm lkZv. ssZh- h p- a mbn´p- ≈ - h - t \mSv Rm≥ icWw tXSp∂p. a\p- j y- c psS
lrZ- b - ß - f n¬ Zp¿t_m- [ \w \S- Ø n ]n≥am- d n- ° - f - b p∂, a\p- j y-
cnepw Pn∂pIfnepw s]´ Zp¿t_m-[-Isc sIm≠p≈ sISp-Xn-bn¬
\n∂v '' (114 : 1˛6)

dpIq-Av
kqdØv HmXn-°-gn-™m¬ D≈w ssIIƒ Im¬ ap´n¬ FØ
Ø° hÆw Ip\n-bpI. CXn\v dpIq-Av F∂p ]d-bp∂p. XIv_o¿
sNm√n-s°m≠v dpIq-C-te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ ssI∏-S-߃ Npa-en\v
t\sc Db¿ØpIbpw ]n∂oSv XmgvØn-bn-Sp-Ibpw sNøpI. D≈w
ssIIƒ sIm≠v Im¬ap-´n¬]n-Sn®p \nc-∏mbn Ip\n™p \n¬°-
emWv dpIq-Cs‚ ]q¿Æ-cq]w. dpIq-C¬

""]c-a-Im-cp-Æn-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb A√m-lp-hns‚ \ma- kp-_vlm\ d∫n-b¬ Afnw

Øn¬ (a-lm\mb Fs‚ \mY≥ ]cn-ip-≤≥) Ft∂m
]d- b pI. ]pe- c nbpsS c£n- X m- h n- t \mSv Rm≥ icWw kp_v l m- \ - ° - √ m- l pΩ d∫\m h_n- l w- Z n- ° - √ m- l p- a -
tXSp∂p. Ah≥ krjvSn-®n-´p-≈-h-bpsS sISp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw Ccp- CKzv^n¿eo
f- S - b p- t ºm- g p≈ cm{Xn- b psS sISp- X n- b n¬ \n∂pw sI´p- I - f n¬
DuXp∂ kv { XoI- f psS sISp- X n- b n¬ \n∂pw Akq- b mep Akq- b -
s∏-S-tºmƒ Ahs‚ sISp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw.'' (113:1˛5)
3 Izp Izp¬
¬ ADu
ADuZp
Zp _n
_nd-d- ∫n-∂mkv
∂mkv. aen-°n-∂m-kv. Cem-ln-
ln-∂m-kv. (A√m-lpth, \o ]cn-ip-≤≥ Xs∂. R-ß-fpsS \mYm \ns∂
an≥i¿dn¬ hkvhm-kn¬ J∂m-kv. A√Zo bph-kvhnkp ^o kpZq- R߃ kvXpXn-°p∂p. A√m-lpth, F\n°p \o s]mdpØp Xtc-
cn-∂mkv. an\¬Pn-∂Øn h∂m-kv. W- t a) Ft∂m aq∂p {]hiyw hoXw ]d- b pI.

CAv-Øn-Zm¬
dpIq- A v Ign- ™ m¬ kanA√mlp ena≥ lanZ (kv X pXn- ® -
hs‚ kv X pXn A√mlp tI´n- c n- °p- ∂ p) F∂v ]d™v sIm≠v
sIm≠v
\nh¿∂p \n¬°p-∂-Xns\ CAv-Øn-Zm¬ F∂p ]d-bp∂p. dpIq-C-
te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ ssI Db¿Ønb t]mse Ct∏mgpw sNøWw.
CAv-Øn-Zm-en¬ C{]-Imcw ]d-bpI.
\akvImcw 48
d-∫\m eI-¬ lwZp an¬A am-hmØn han¬-A¬ A¿fzn
han¬ Aam-in-AvØ an≥i-bv-C≥ _AvZp)
""Rß-fpsS \mYm, BIm-i-߃ \nd-sbbpw `qan \nd-sbbpw
Ah-bv°-∏p-dhpw \o Dt±-in® hkvXp \nd-tb-bp-ap≈ kvXpXn-Iƒ
\n\- ° p- a m- { X- a m- I p∂p''
CAv-Øn-Zm¬ A[n-I-k-abw Zo¿Ln-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-°¬ DØ-a-am-
Wv. kp-PqZv sNøp∂ ÿm\-tØ-°mbncn°Ww Xs‚ t\m´w. \a-
kvIm-c-Øn¬ BIm-i-tØ°v IÆp-b¿Øp-∂Xv \_n(-k)-B-t£-
]n- ® n- c n- ° p∂p.
p∂p. Aev ] hpw ASßn \n¬°msX dpIq- C ¬ \n∂p-
b¿∂ DSs\ CAv-Øn-Zm-en¬ \n∂v kpPq-Zn-te°v t]mIp-∂Xv A`n-
e-j-Wo-b-a√.
kpPq-Zp-Ifpw Ccp-Øhpw
CAv Ø n- Z m- e n\p tijw XIv _ o¿sNm- √ n- s °m≠v kpPqZv
sNøWw. ico- c - Ø nse GgwK- ß ƒ `qan- b n¬ ]Xn- ® p- s h-
®psIm≠p≈ Ip\n-b-emWv kpPqZv. CXn- CXn-t\-°m-fp-]cn
cn Hcp hn\b
{]Z¿i-\-Øns‚ cq]w as‰m-∂p-an√. aqt°m-Sp-IqSn s\‰n-Ø-Shpw
D≈w ssIIfpw Im¬ap-´p-Ifpw Im¬hn-c-ep-Ifpw `qan-bn¬ ]Xn-
®p-sh®v incv XmgvØnbpw Ac-s°´v Db¿∂p-ap≈ cq]-Øn-emWv
kqPqZv \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠Xv. BZyw Im¬ap´pw ]n∂oSv ssI∏-S-߃
tijw s\‰n- b pw aq°pw Cu {Ia- Ø n- e mW v sht°- ≠ Xv . apJ-
Øns‚ (BZyw ssI∏- S - ß fpw ]n∂oSv Im¬ap- ´ p- I fpw sh°p- I -
bm-sW∂pw Nne lZo-kp-Ifn¬ h∂n-´p-≠v). Ccphi-ß-fnepw Npa-
en\p t\sc- b p- a mbn ssI∏- S - ß ƒ sh°pI. Im¬ hnc- e p- I - f psS
]≈- ` mKw icn°pw
icn°pw `qan- b n¬ ]Xn- ™ n- c n- ° Ww.Ww. s\‰n- Ø Sw
hkv{Xw. apSn apX-em-b-hbn¬b
- n¬ ad-bm-Xn-
Xn-cn-°m≥ {i≤n-°Ww ssIap-
´p-Iƒ AI-‰n-]n-Sn-®m-bn-cn-°Ww sht°-≠Xv. kpPq-Zn¬
kp_vlm\ d∫nb¬ AAvem
(G- ‰ hpw D∂- X - \ mb Fs‚ \mY≥ ]cn- i p- ≤ ≥) Ft∂m
"kp_v l m- \ - ° - √ m- l pΩ d∫\m h_n- l w- Z n- ° - √ m- l pΩ Kv ^ v ¿ eo'
Ft∂m aq∂p {]mhiyw sNm√pI. icn°pw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°-Ø°
\akvImcw 49
kabw AXym-h-iy-amWv. Hcp dIvAØn¬ c≠p kpPq-ZpI-fm-Wp-
≈Xv Ch-°n-S-S-bn¬ \nh¿∂n-cn-°Ww. XIv_o¿ sNm√n BZy kqPq-
Zn¬ \n∂v Ccp- Ø - Ø n- t e°v hcnI, CStØ ImeSn ]c- Ø n- s h®v
AXn≥ta¬ ]rjvSw ]Xn-®p-sh-®n-cn-°pI. hesØ Im¬ hnc-ep-
Iƒ \nevØpIpØn IpØs\ sh°pI. Cu Ccp-Ø-Øn\v C^vXn-
dm- i ns‚ Ccp- Ø - s a∂p ]dbpw. c≠p- s sI- ∏ - S - ß fpw hnc- e p- Iƒ
\nh¿Øn Im¬ apt´m- S - S pØv XpS- t a¬ sh°pI. Cu ka- b Øv
A√m- l pΩ CKv ^ n¿eo h¿lw\o hPv _ p¿\o hlv Z n\o
h¿kpIzv \ n
""A√m- l pth, F\n°v ]m]- ß ƒ s]mdp- Ø p- X - c n- I bpw
Fs‚ \yq\X ]cn-l-cn-°p-Ibpw Fs∂ t\¿ hgnbnem-°p-Ibpw
Blmcw \¬Ip- I bpw sNtø- W - t a'' F∂p ]dbpI.
dpIqAv , CAv - Ø n- Z m¬, kpPq- Z p- I ƒ, Ah- ° n- S - b n- e p≈
CcpØw F∂n-h-bn-se√mw kmh-Imiw ssIsIm-≈pI A\n-hm-cy-
amWv. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ^¿fzv Bbn-´m-Wn-Xns\ (Yp-a-A-\o-\Øv)
I-W-°m-°p-∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ Hcp dIv-AØv ]q¿Æ-ambn.
XilvlpZv
c≠ne-[nIw dIv-A-Øp-Ifp≈ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ c≠mw dIv-A-
Ønse d≠mw kpPqZv Ign- ™ m¬ Xi- l v l p- Z n\p th≠n- b n- c n-
°Ww. t\csØ kqNn- ∏ n® C^v X n- d m- i ns‚ Ccp- Ø - a m- W n- h nsS
kzoI- c n- t °- ≠ Xv . Ah- k m- \ sØ dIv - A - Ø nepw Xi- l v l pZv
HmXWw.. Xi- l v lpZv F∂m¬ (i- l m- Z - Øns‚ hN\w Dƒs° m-
HmXWw
≈p- ∂ )- A - Ø - l n- ø mØp F∂p ]d- ™ p- s Im≠p XpS- ß p∂
{]m¿Y- \ - b mWv . AXn- { ]- I m- c - a m- W v : A- Ø - l n- ø m- Ø p¬ ap_m-
d-°mØp kvkze-hm-Øp-Xz-øn-_mØp en√mln A-emap
AsseI Aøp- l - ∂ - _ nøp hdlv aØp- √ mln h_- d - ° m- Ø plp-
A-  - e m- a p- A - s se\m hAem C_m- Z n- √ mln kv k zmen- l o≥.
Aiv l Zp A≥em- C - e ml C√- √ mlp hA- i v l Zp A∂ apl-
ΩZ≥ dkqep≈mlv . A√m- l pΩ kz√n- A em apl- Ω - Z n≥ Iam
kzssï Aem C_v d m- l oa hAem Ben C_v d m- l oa h_m-
cnIv Aem apl- Ω- Z n≥ hAem Ben apl-Ω- Ω - Z n≥Iam
n≥Iam _mdIvX
Aem C_v d m- l oa hAem- Ben C_v d m- l oa C∂° lao- Z p≥
aPoZv
\akvImcw
50
""F√m A`n- h m- Z y- ß - f pw A\p- K r- l o- X - I¿a- ß fpw Bcm- [ -
\Ifpw \≥a-bp‰ F√m Imcy-ßfpw A√m-lphn-∂m-Ip∂p. {]hm-
NI(k)\v A√m-lp-hns‚ Icp-Wm ISm-£-߃ D≠m-Ip-am-dm-Is´.
R߃°pw \√- h - c mb A√m- l p- h ns‚ Zmk≥am¿°pw c£
\¬tI-Wta. Bcm-[-\-°¿l≥ A√mlp A√msX a‰m-cp-an-s√∂v
Rm≥ km£yw hln- ° p∂p. apl- Ω Zv \_n(k) A√m- l p- h ns‚
{]mhm-N-I-\m-sW∂pw Rm≥ km£yw hln-°p∂p. A√m-lpth,
C{_mloan\pw (A). C{_mloan(A)s‚ IpSpw- _ - Ø n\pw \o
IcpW sNtø- W ta, C{_mloan(A)- t \bpw IpSpw- _ - s Øbpw
A\p- { K- l n® t]mse apl- Ω Zn(k)t\bpw IpSpw_tØbpw \o
A\p-{K-ln-t°-Wta, \n›bw \o kvXpXy¿l\pw AXyp-Zm-c-\p-am-
Ip∂p.''
Ah-km\ dIv-A-Øn¬ Xi-lp-Zn-\n-cn-°p-tºmƒ he-Xp-Im-eSn
\m´n- s h- ° p-Ibpw
I bpw CS- X p- I m¬ AXn- ∂ n- S - b n- e qsS
qsS ]pd- t a°v {]th-
in® \ne-bnepw ]rjvS `mKw \neØv ]Xn-™n-cn-°-Ø°hn[hpw
Ccn- ° pI. CXn\v Xh¿dp- ° ns‚ Ccp- Ø - s a∂pw ]d- b p∂p. he-
Xp-ssI-ønse X≈-hn-c¬ Nq≠p-hn-c-ens‚ apc-Snepw _m°n hnc-
ep-Iƒ aS-°n-]n-Sn®v ap´n≥taepam
ap´n≥taepambn- bn-cn-°Ww shbvt°-≠Xv. Xi-
lp- Z v Xocp- ∂ Xv h sc Cf°n sIm≠n- c - ° p- I bpw sNøp- sNøp- I - b m- W p-
Øaw. CSXp ssIhn- c - e pIƒ \nh¿Øn Im¬ap- ´ nepw sh°pI.
BZysØ Xilvlp-Zn¬ ta¬∏-d™h sNm√n-bm¬aXn. Ah-
km-\sØ Xilvlp-Zn¬ XpS¿∂v a‰p-{]m¿Y-\-Ifpw \S-Øm-hp-∂-
XmWv . Ah- b n¬ NneXv ImWpI:
A√m- l pΩ C∂o ZewXp \^v k o Zp¬a≥ Iko- d ≥ h em
bKv^n-dp-dp-±p-\q_
\q_ C√m A≥X ^Kv^n¿eo aKv^n-d- d-Ø≥
Ø≥ an≥ C≥ZnI
\akvImcw 51
h¿lw\o C∂I A≥X¬ K^q-dp¿dlow.
""A√m-lpth Rms\s‚ Bflm-hn-t\mSv AXn-c-dd ]m]-߃
sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. \ob-√msX ]m]w s]mdp-°p-∂-h-\n√. AXn-\m¬
\ns‚ ]°¬ \n∂p≈ ]m]- t am- N - \ - Ø m¬ Ft∂mSv s]mdp- t °-
Wta, Ft∂mSv Icp-W-Im-Wn-t°-Wta. \n›bw \obmWv s]mdp-
°p- ∂ - h \pw Icp- W m- \ n- [ nbpw.''
A√m-lpΩ C∂o ADu-Zp-_nI an≥ AZm-_n¬ Iz_vcn han≥
AZm- _ n- ∂ mcn han≥ ^nXv \ - Ø n¬ alv b m h¬a- a mØn han≥
^nXv\-Xn¬ ako-ln-ZvZ-÷m¬
""A√m- l pth, Iz_v ¿ in- £ - b n¬ \n∂pw \c- I - i n- £ -
bn¬\n∂pw Pohn-X-Øn-sebpw ac-W-th-f-bn-sebpw (I-SpØ)-]-co-
£-WØn¬\n∂pw ako-lp-±-÷m-ens‚ hn]-Øn¬ \n∂pw Rm≥
\nt∂mSv c£-tX-Sp∂p.''
kemw
Xilv l pZpw kzemXpw AXnse {]m¿Y- \ - I fpw Ign- ™ m¬
Am-em-ap-A-sse°pw hd-lva-Øp-≈mlv
F∂p ]d™v sIm≠v BZy-ambn heXp `mK-tØ°v ]q¿Æ-
ambn apJw Xncn-°pI (IhnƒXSw ]n≥`-K-Øp-≈h¿ ImW-Ø°
hn[w) ]n-∂oSv CSXp `mKtØ°pw kemw sNm√n apJw Xncn-°pI.
Cßs\ c≠v kemap-Iƒ sNm√n \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \n∂p hnc-an-
°¬ \a- k v I m- c - Ø ns‚ dpIv \ p- I - f n¬ s]´- X m- W v . CtXmsS \a-
kv I mcw Ah- k m- \ n- ® p.
Zp¿_es∏Sp-Øp∂ Imcy-߃
Izn_ve-bn¬ \n∂v ]q¿W-ambn (bm-{Xm-bn-sem-gnsI )sX-‰pI,
\akvImcw
Ipfnbpw hpZphpw
hpZphpw A\n- h m-m- c y- a m- I p∂ Imcy- ß ƒ kw- ` - h n- ° pI,
AIm- c - W - h pw A\m-
A\m- h - i yhpw AanX- h p-p- a mbn Ic- N - c - W - ß - ƒ Cf-
°p°, s]m´n®ncn- ° pI, \n¿t±- i n- ° - s ∏- ´ h (^¿fp- I tfm i¿Yp-
Itfm)I-cp-Xn-Xn-Iq-´n´n Dt]-£n-°pI, Cam-ans\ a\x-]q¿∆w ap≥I-S∂p
{]h¿Øn-°pI F∂nh \a-kvImcw Zp¿_-e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Imcy-ß-
fm-Wv.
km[m- c W \a- k v I m- c - ß - f nse ^¿Zp- I ƒ°pw i¿Xzp-
IƒIpw `wKw t\cn- SpI, \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ Xn∂p- I tbm IpSn- IpSn- ° p-
Itbm sNøpI, CS°v sh®v \a- k v I mcw ths≠∂p sh°pI,
kwkm- c n- ° pI, \n¿t±- i n- ° - s ∏- S mØh A[n- I - a mbn {]h¿Øn-
°pI F∂o Imc- W - ß ƒ \a- k v I mcw Zp¿_- e - s ∏- S p- Ø p∂XmWv .
Zp¿_-e-s∏´ \a-kvImcw ]q¿W-ambn am‰n \n¿∆-ln-t°≠-Xm-Wv.
ssIhn- c - e p- I fpw Xebpw Cf- ° pI, c≠Sn apt∂mt´m
]nt∂mt´m sh°pI, A_- ≤ - Ø ntem adt∂m \a- k v I m- c - Ø n-
¬s∏SmØ h√Xpw D®-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn\m¬ \a-kvImcw
Zp¿∫- e - s ∏- S p- I - bn√. Bh- i y- a n- √ msX sXm≠- b - \ - °pI, IÆv
ta¬t∏m- ´ p- b ¿ØpI, Xncn- ™ p- t \m- ° pI, Nncn- ° pI, Duc- b n¬
ssIsh®v \n¬°pI, Nmcn- \ n¬°pI, H‰°men¬ \n¬IpI,
F∂o A]-a-cym-Z-Iƒ \a-kvIm-cØn¬ h¿÷n- h¿÷n-t°-≠-Xm-m-Wv. kpPq-
Znepw dpIq- C epw a‰pw hk{Xw, apSn F∂n- h Npcp- ´ pI, ssI-
sIm≠v aÆp \o°pI, DuXpI F∂n-hbpw Dt]-£n-t°-≠-XmWv.
ad-hn°p ]Icw kqPqZv
\a- k v I mcw Zp¿_-
Zp¿_- e - s ∏- S p∂ Imcy- ß - ƒ adt∂m IqSp- X -
emtbm kw`-hn-®m¬ AXn\p {]mb-iv-Nn-Ø-ambn kemw ho´p-∂-
Xn\v ap≥t]m
ap≥t]m tijtam c≠p kqPp- Z pIƒ sNøp- ∂ - X mWv
klvhns‚ (a-d-hn-bp-sS) kpPqZv F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. Xmsg hnh-cn-
°p∂ {][m\ kµ¿`- ß - f n¬ Cu kpPq- Z pIƒ A\n- h m- c y- a mWv
F∂v {]mhm-NI hN-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\Øn¬ a\-n-em°mw:
1 \a- kIm-
Iv m- cØn¬
Ø
- n¬ ad∂p
ad∂p dpIq-Hm H m kq- PqtZm \n-
\n- d p-Øtam
Ø tam Ccp-
Ccp-
Øtam, Hcp dIv A Øv apgp- h ≥ Xs∂tbm Xs∂tbm h¿≤- \ hv kw`- h n- ® p
F¶n¬ \a-kvIm-cm-h-km-\-Øn¬ kemw ho´nb tijw c≠v klv-
hns‚ kqPqZpIƒ sNøp-Ibpw Ah-km\ Øn¬ ho≠pw kemw
ho´p- I bpw sNøpI.
2 \a- k vImcw
vImcw ]q¿Øn-
]q¿Øn- b mIpw mIpw apºv
apºv ad∂p kemw ho´n
]n∂oSv A[nIw sshImsX At∏mƒ Xs∂ Hm¿Ω Hm¿Ω h∂p, F¶n¬
_m°n h∂Xv DSs\ ]q¿Øo-Icn®p kemw ho´pIbpw tijw
c≠p kpPq-Zp-Iƒ sNbvXv ho≠pw kemw ho´p-Ibpw sNøpI. a‰p
52 \akvImcw
53
{]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ°pw hfsc ka- b - Ø n\pw IqSnb kwkm- c -
Cf- ߃°pw tijamWv Hm¿Ωh∂-sX-¶n¬ ¶n¬ \a-kvImcw am‰n ho≠pw
\n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-XmWv.
3 H∂m- asØ Xi- l v lpZv ad∂p aq∂mw dIv - AØn- Ø
- n- t e-s°-
s °- gp-
t∂‰p t]mbm¬ Xncn®p Xivlv l-Zn-te°v htc-≠-Xn√. ]Icw
\a-kvIm-cm-h-km-\-Øn¬ keman\p apºv Xs∂ c≠v kl-vhns‚
kqPq- Z p- I ƒ sNbv X v kemw ho´p- I .
4 dIv - AØp-
Ø
- p- I - f psS
psS FÆØn¬ IqSn- tbm Ipd- t ™m ™m F∂p
kwi-bn-®m¬ G‰hpw Dd∏p tXm∂nbXv kzoI-cn-®p kwi-b-ap-≈Xv
X≈pI, AXm- b Xv Ipd- ™ - X ns\ kzoI- c n- ° pI. \a- k v I mcw
]q¿Øn-I-cn®v kem-an∂p apºv Xs∂ c≠v kpPq-ZpIƒ sNbvXv
kemw ho´pI.
klv h ns‚ kqPq- Z p- s Im≠v hogv ® ]cn- l - c n- ° m≥ Ign- b p- ∂ -
h-bn-
bn-ep≈ ad-hn-IƒsIm≠v \a-kvImcw _mXzn¬ (\n-jv-^ew )B-
Ip-∂-X√. ImcWw. \_n(k) ]d-bp-∂p: Fs‚ kap-Zmbw A_-≤-
Øns‚bpw ad-hn-bp-sSbpw Ip‰-Øn¬ \n∂v tamNn-X-cmWv.
\a- k v I m- c Øn¬ Cam- a n\p ]‰p∂ adhn aAv - a q- a pIƒ
Xkv_o-lp(-kp- kp-_vlm-\-√m-l)v sNm√n DW¿Øp-I. I. \a-kvImc tij-
ap≈ DW¿Øen-∂m-hiy- i
- y-amb kw`m-j-W߃°p tijw sIm≠p-
ssI- h- c p∂ I¿Ω- ß ƒ \a- kv I m- c - Ø n\v `wKw hcp- Ø p- ∂ - X √. √.
klvhn-s‚- Cu kpPq-Zp-I-fn¬ sNm√p-hm≥ {]tXyI {]m¿Y-
\- I ƒ lZokp {KŸ- ß - f n¬ h∂n- ´ n√mØXn-n√mØXn- \ m¬ a‰p kpPq- Z p-
I- f nse {]m¿Y\Iƒ Xs∂ aXn- b m- I p- ∂ - XmWv .
HmXn-b-Xn\v kqPqZv
Izp¿- B ≥ ]mcm- b Ww sNøp- t ºmƒ Ah- ° n- S - b n¬ Nne
kqd- Ø p- I - f n¬ kqPqZn\v \n¿tZin- ° - s ∏´ kq‡- ß - f p≠v . B
kpPq- Z n\v kP- Z - Ø p- Ø n- e m- h Øv F∂v ]d- b p∂p. \a- k v I m- c -
Ønepw A√m- Ø - t ∏mgpw HmXp- ∂ hcpw tIƒ°p- ∂ - h cpw B
kqPqZv sNøp- ∂ Xv kp∂- Ø mWv . \a- k v I m- c - Ø nes√- ¶ n¬ Izp¿-
B≥ ]mcm-bWØn∂n-S-bn¬ CXv hpZp C√m-sXbpw \n¿∆-ln-°m-
hp- ∂ - X mWv F∂v ]Wv U n- X - ∑ m¿ hy‡- a m- ° p- ∂ p≠v . kqd- Ø p¬
AAv - d m^v , dAv Z v , kqd- Ø p¬ l÷v (c≠v ÿe- Ø v ) , \lv e v , C-
kv d m- A v , - a¿bw, ^p- ¿ Jm≥, \wev , kqd- Ø p-  - P Zx, lmanw kPZ,
\Pvav, C≥in-IzmIv, AeIzv F∂o kqd-Øp-I-fn-emWv Cu kqPqZv
D≈Xv.
Cu kpPq-Zn¬ {]tXyI {]m¿Y\ Nne ^nJvlv {KŸ-ß-fn¬
ImWp- ∂ - p s≠- ¶ nepwnepw Ah {]mam- W nI \_nhN- \ - ß - f n¬ D≤- D≤- c n-
\akvImcw 54
°- s ∏- ´ n- ´ n√. AXn- \ m¬ a‰p kqPqZpIfnse {]m¿Y- \ - I ƒ Xs∂
aXn- b m- I p- ∂ - X mWv .
Izp\qØv
apkvenw-Iƒ°p s]mXp-hmb Hcp hn]Øv _m[n-®m¬ A©v
hJv Ø v \a- k v I m- c- Ø n- s ‚bpw Ah- k m- \ sØ CAv CAv - Ø n- Z m- e n¬
{]m¿Yn-°p∂ {]tXyI {]m¿Y-\bmWv Jp\qØv (hn-]Øv Cd-ßp-
tºm-gp≈ {]¿Y\). _nAv¿aDu\ kw`-h-Øn¬ h[n-°-s∏´ Fgp-
]Xp Izp¿dm- A v (Izp¿- B ≥ a\- ∏ m- T - a m- °n- b - h ¿ )I- f psS t]cn¬
t]cn¬
hy-k-\n®v Hcp-am-k-°mew \_n(-k)-Izp-\qØv HmXp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv
"A°m- c y- Ø n¬ \n\°p bmsXm- c [nIm- c - h p- a n√. H∂p- I n¬
Ah≥ (A-√m-lp) Ah-cpsS ]›m-Øm]w kzoI-cn-°p- °p-Itbm As√-
¶n¬ in£n- ° p- I tbm sNbv t X°pw. ImcWw Ah¿ A{I- a n-
IfmIp∂p' F∂ Izp¿-B≥ kq‡w (3: 128) Ah-X-cn-®-t∏mƒ (Nne
tKm{X- ° m¿°pw i{Xp- ° ƒ°p- s a- X n- c nep≈ B {]m¿Y\ )\- _ n
(- k ) - D - t ]- £ n- ° p- I bpw sNbv X p. F- ∂ m¬ kaq- l - Ø n\v CØcw
B]-Øp-Iƒ _m-[n-°p-tºmƒ A{]-Imcw {]m¿Y\ \S-Øm-sa∂v
Nne ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.
CXv t ]mse as‰mcp Izp\q- Ø mWv cm{Xn- b nse hnXv ¿ \a-
kv I m- c - Ø n¬ {]m¿Yn- ° m- \ mbn \_n(- k )- l- k - \ p- _ v \ p- A - e n- ø n\v
n\v
(-d)-]Tn-∏n®v sImSp-ØXv F∂v Nne dnt∏m¿´p- dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn¬ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂
{]m¿Y\. AXn- { ]- I m- c - a mWv :
""A√m- l pth, \o t\¿am¿K- Ø nem°n- b - h - t cmsSm∏w F-
s∂bpw t\¿am¿K-
t\¿am¿K-Øn-em-t°-Wta. \o Bizmkw \¬In-b-h-tcm-
\akvImcw 55
sSm∏w F\n°pw Bizmkw \evtI-Wta. \o kwc-£Ww Gs‰-
Sp-Ø-
Ø-h-tcm-sSm∏w Fs∂bpw c£n-t°- t°-Wta. t- a. \o \evIn-bn-
bn-´p-
´p-≈-
≈-Xn¬
F\n-°-\p-{Klw {Klw \evtI-W-ta. \o hn[n® \mi-Øn¬ \n∂v Fs∂
c£n-t°-W-ta. \o hn[n-°p-∂p. \o hn[n-°-[o-\-\√, \o BZ-cn-®-
h¿ \nµy-cm-Ip-I-bn-√. \ns‚ tIm]-Øn-\-Sn-s∏-´-h≥ {]Xm-]n-bm-hp-
I-bn-√. \mYm! \o A\p-{K-l]q¿W-\mWv D∂-X-\m-Wv. \o hn[n-®-
Xn-t∑¬ \n\°v kvXpXn. Rm≥ \nt∂mSv ]m]-tam-N\w tNmZn-°p-
∂p. \n∂n-te°v ]›m-Ø-]n®v aS-ßp-∂p.''
F∂m¬ kp_lv \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]Xn-hmbn ta¬s°m-SpØ
Cu Jp\qØv HmXp- ∂ Xv kp∂- Ø n- s √- ∂ mWv CXn- s \- ° p- d n- ® p
kwkm-cn-®n-´p≈ _lp-`q-cn-`m-Kw ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
cn- ° p- ∂ - X v , (Camw im^n- C usbm- g n- s I). kCu- Z p_v \ pXmcn- J n¬
Aiv P C (d)-t\mSv t \mSv Xs‚ ]p{X≥ tNmZn- ® p: {]nb ]nXm- t h, Aßv
\_n(-k)bpsSbpw A_q-_-Izv¿, Da¿, Dkvam≥, Aen(-d) F∂n-h-
cp- s S- b psa√mw ]n∂n¬ \a- k v I - c n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ - t √m. Ahcmsc- ¶ nepw
kp_lv \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ Izp\qØv HmXn- b n- c p- ∂ pthm? At∏m- g -
t±lw ]d™p: Fs‚ aI- t \, AXp ]pXp- \ n¿anXn BNm- c - a m- W v .
(A-lvaZv, C_v\p-amPx, Xn¿ap-Zn,- \-kmCu F∂o lZokv {KŸ-ß-
fn¬ \n∂v)
_pJmcn, apkv e nw Hgn- s I- b p≈ Nne {KŸ- ß - f n¬ kp_v l v
\a-kvIm-Øn¬ A√m-lp-Ω-lvZn\m F∂v XpS-ßp∂ Iz\qØv \_n
HmXn-bn- cp-
cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bp-∂- Hcp Zp¿_e lZo-kns‚ \nth-Z-Icn¬ c
- n¬
A_vZp-√m-ln_v ln_v\p ^pssZJv F∂ dnt∏m¿´¿ Atbm-Ky- Ky-\m-
\m-Wv. AXp-
t]mse \_n(k) ac- W - a - S - b p- t hmfw kp_v l n¬ Izp\qØv HmXm-
dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Xp¿ap-Znbpw apkv\-Xnbpw dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX
lZo-knse \nth-Z-I-cn¬ A_q PAv^dp dmkn F∂-bmƒ \nth-
Z- \ - Ø n\v Atbm- K y- \ m- s W∂v Alv a Zv , C_v \ p¬ aZo- \ n, A_q
k¿Av , C_v \ p ln∫m≥ F∂nhcpw dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X n- c n°p- ∂ p.
kp_v l v \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ Cu Izp\qØv HmXp- ∂ Xn\v CX- √ mØ
Hscm‰ kzlo-lmb lZokpw C√-Xm-\pw. AXn-\m¬ kp_vlv \a-
kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]Xn-hmbn Cu Izp\qØv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv \_n(-k)-
bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-ep-s≠∂p≈ hmZw icn-b-s√∂p t_m[y-s∏-
Sp- ∂ p.
Iq´p-{]m¿Y\
kzem-Øp¬ PamA F∂m¬ Iq´mb {]m¿Y-\-sb-∂m-W¿Yw.
AXn- \ m¬ kem- t am- S p- I qSn B Iq´- { ]m¿Y\ Ign- ™ p. AXn\p
tijw Hmtcmcp-Øcpw Ah-c-h-cpsS Imcy-ßfpw A`n-em-j-ßfpw
\akvImcw
56
Bh-em-Xn-Ifpw A√m-lp-hns‚ apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw. AXn-\p-
≈ Ah-k-c-amWv ]n∂o-Sp-≈-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Camw Xs‚ ÿm\-Øp-
\n∂v Fgp-t∂‰pt]mIp-I-bmWv th≠-sX∂v dkqens‚(-k)- amXr-
I- b n¬ \n∂v a\-  n- e m- ° mw. BCi (d) \nth- Z \w sNøp∂p.
Ah¿ ]d™p: \_n(- k ) kemw ho´n- b m¬
"A√m-lpth, \nbmWv c£-I≥. I≥. \n∂n¬ \n∂mWv c£. alm-
\pw D∂- X p- \ p- a mb \mYm, \o D¬Irjv S ≥ Xs∂' F∂p ]d- b p-
∂{X ka-ba-√msX \a-kvIm-c-ÿ- ÿ-eØveØv Ccn-°n-dp-≠m-
≠m-bn-cp- ∂n√
∂n√ (ap-
kvenw).
Camw ]ncn-™p Ign-™m¬ F√m-hcpw Fgp-t∂‰v HmS-W-
sa- ∂ √ CXn∂¿Yw. A\n- h m- c y- a mb Bh- i y- ß fp≈- h ¿°v ]ncn-
™-pt]mImw. AXn\v Camw Hcp XS--am-I-cp-Xt√m. _m°n-bp-≈-
h¿ dkq¬(-k) ]Tn-∏n®p ∏n®p X∂n-´p≈ Xkv_o-lp-Ifpw {]m¿Y-\-Ifpw
Ifpw
\n¿∆-ln-°Ww. ^¿Zv \a-kvIm-cm\-¥-c-ap≈ {]m¿Y\°v DØcw
e`n-°p-sa-∂v \_n(-k) ]d- ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬
m¬ AXv XnI®pw
lrZ-b-kv]¿inbmb \ne-°mbncn-°Ww. kemw ho´n-°-gn-™m¬
AkvX-Kv^n-dp-√mlv
F∂v aq∂v {]mhiyw ]d- b Ww. tijw A√m- l pΩ A≥X-
emw han≥I-emw X_m-dIvX bmZ¬ Pemen h¬-C-Ivdmw
"A√m- l pth, \obmWv c£- I ≥. \n∂n¬ \n∂mWv c£.
alm\pw _lp-am-\y-\p-amb \mYm \o A\p-{Kl]q¿W-\m-W-t√m.)
F∂v ]d-bpI, tijw kp_vlm-\√m (33 {]mh-hiyw), A¬lw-
Zp- e n√m (33 {]mh- i yw), A√m- l p- A - I v _ ¿ (33 {]mhiyw )hoXw
]dbpI \qdv XnI- b mØ hn[w
emCeml C√√mlv hlvZlp emiemico°
co°elp
elp elp¬ap¬Ip
help¬lwZp hlph Aem Ip√n ssiC≥ IZo¿. A√mlpΩ emam
\nA enam AvssXzX hemapAvØnb enam a\-AvØ hemb-\v^D
Z¬P±n an≥I¬ P±v
\akvImcw 57
""A√mlp HgnsI bmsXmcp Bcm-[y-\p-an√. Ah≥ GI-
\pw ]¶p- I m- c n- √ m- Ø - h - \ p- a mWv . B[n- ] - X yhpw kv X pXnbpw Ah-
∂mWv . Ah≥ k¿∆ Imcy- ß ƒ°pw Ign- h p‰h\mWv . \mYm \o
\¬In-bXv XS-bp-∂h-\n√. \o XS-™p-sh-®Xv \¬-Ip-∂-h-\p-an√.
ÿm\- a m- \ ß- f - p ≈hs‚
≈hs‚ ]Z- h n- I ƒ \n∂n¬\n- ∂ p≈ ÿm\- t Ø-
°mƒ H´pw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-a√) (\o Xcp∂ ]Z-hn-bmWv bYm¿∞ ]Z-
hn)'' F∂p ]d™v sIm≠v Xkv _ olp- I ƒ Ah- k m- \ n- ∏ n®
tijw X\n- ° n- j v S - a p≈ {]m¿Y\Iƒ \S- Ø pI. Izp¿- B - \ n- e qsS
\sΩ ]Tn- ∏ n- ®n- ´ p≈ {]m¿Y- \ - I ƒ \nc- \nc- h - [ n- b mWv . Ah- I - f m-m- I s´
efn- X hpw kmc kºq¿Æßfp- a mWv . {]m¿Y- \ - b n¬ Ahbv ° v
ap≥K- W \ \¬IpI. Ch- b psS kmcw ]Tn- ° p-p- I bpw \nXyhpw
{]m¿Y-\-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.
AZmDw IzZmDw
GsXmcp {]hrØnbpw \n›- b n- ° - s ∏´ ka- b - Ø n\p- ≈ n¬
\n¿h-ln-°-p∂Xn\v AZm-Av F∂pw kabw Ign-™p \n¿∆-ln-°p-
∂- X n\v IzZm- A v F∂pw ]d- b p∂p. ^¿fzv \a- k v I - c - ß ƒ AZmAv
Bbn- s °m- ≠ mWv \n¿∆- l n- t °- ≠Xv . F∂m¬ AXv IzZm- A v
B°p∂ {]h- W X [mcmfw Bfp- I - f n¬ ImWp∂p. hmkv X - h -
Øn¬ ^¿Zv \a- k v I - c - Ø n¬ IzZmAv F∂ {]iv \ w DZn- ° p- ∂ n√.
A√mlp ]d- b p∂p:
""\n›bw
""\n› bw \a- k v I mcw kXy- h n- i zm- k n- I - f n¬ \n¿_- ‘ hpw
ka- b - _ - ‘ n- X - h p- a m°n
m°n \n›- b n- ® n- c n-n- ° p∂p.''
p∂p.'' ¢n]v X ka- b - Ø n¬
_‘n- X - a mb \a- k v I mcw GXp Imc- W - h - i mepw Ak- a - b - ß - f n¬
\n¿∆-ln-°pI A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-s√∂v {]hm-NI Ncn{Xw \sΩ ]Tn-
∏n-°p∂p. J¥°v bp≤thf-bn¬ Ak¿ \a-kvImcw tPmen-Øn-c-
°n- \ n- S - b n¬ ad∂p t]mb dkqen\pw A\p- b m- b n- I ƒ°pw
AtXm¿Ω h∂- t ∏mƒ F{X- a m- { Xw Akz- ÿ X bp≠m- b n- c p- ∂ p-
\akvImcw 58 \akvImcw 59

sh∂Xv Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø p∂p. Ip‰-I-c-hp-amWv. At∏mƒ Ah≥ a\-]q¿hw Ip‰wsNbvX-h-\mbn.

PwDw Jkv d pam°¬ A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a mb L´- Ø n¬ Hcp ]s£ a\p- j y- s \∂ \ne°v ]n∂oSv sX‰p t_m[y- s ∏´p ]-
hIv X v as‰mcp hIv X n- t e°v ]n¥n- ∏ n°mw. AXn- \ m- I s´ IzZm- A v ›mØ]w tXm∂n. F¶n¬ Izp¿- B - \ ns‚ \n¿t±- i - s a¥v ? B-
F∂p ]d- b p- I - b n√. ad- ° p- I tbm Dd- ß n- t ∏m- h p- I tbm sNbv X m- flm¿Y-ambn ]›m-Ø-]n®p (Xu_m sNbvXv) B sX‰v Bh¿Øn-
ep≈ hn[n- s b- ° p- d n®v dkq¬(- k ) ]d- b p- ∂ Xv ImWpI: °n- s √∂v A√m- l p- h n- t \mSv G‰p ]d™v AXm- h - ¿ Øn- ° m- X n- c n-
A\kv_v\p amenIn(d)¬\n∂v \nth-Z\w. At±lw ]d™p: \_n(- °pI. ]n∂oSv k¬°¿a-Øn¬ apgp-IpI. dlvam\pw dlo-ap-am-b -
k) Acp- f p∂p: h√- h \pw \a- k v I mcw ad- ∂ m¬ As√- ¶ n¬ \a- A-√m-lp-hns‚ ]m]-tam-N-\-Øn¬ \n∂p Bi ssIsh-Sn-bm-Xn-cn-
kvImcw Ign-bp∂Xv hsc Dd-ßn-t∏m-bm¬ AXn- \p≈ \p≈ {]mb-›nØw ›nØw °pI. CXp Xs∂-bmWXns‚
bmWXns‚ {]mb-›nØw. CX-√msX
√msX Icp-Xn°q´n
Xn°q´n
Hm¿Ω- b m- I p- I tbm DW- c p- I tbm sNbv X DSs\ \a- k v I - c n- ° pI. Dt]-£n® B \-a-kvImcw apgp-h≥ AXv F{X Ipdt®m A[n-Itam
ImcWw AXm- W - h s‚ hIzv X v (- a p- k v e nw). Cu c≠p Imc- W - ß -f - BIs´ Jkm-Av ho´pI F∂ Hcp ]≤Xn°v CkvemanI ZyjvSym
√msX as‰mcp Imc-W-Ømeqw IrXy-k-a-bØn¬ \n∂p sX‰n-t]m- Hcp \ymbhpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\n√. AXn-\m¬ ^¿Zzv \a-kvIm-c-
Ip∂ Hchÿ Hcmƒ°pw k¶¬∏n- ° m- \ mhn√. ß-fn¬ IzZm-Av F∂ {]iv\w Xs∂ D¬`-hn-°p-∂n√.
B¿Ø- h - I m- c n- I ƒ, {]k- h n- ® - h ¿, {]k- h - c ‡- a p- ≈ h¿
ip≤n- b m- I p- t hm-
hm- f w \a- k v I - c n- t °-
°- ≠ - X n√. ip≤n- b m- b mtem
mtem Ah¿
IzZm-Av hot´-≠-Xn-√t√m. t_m[w \in-®-h\v kpt_m[w Xncn-®p-
In- ´ nb hIzv X nse \a- k v I m- c ta _m[- I - a p≈q. {`m¥≥ {`m¥n¬
\n∂v ap‡-amb ka-b-Øp≈ \a-kvIm-cta \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xp≈p.
bm{X-bnepw bp≤-°-f-Ønepw `b-hn-lz-e-X-bp-≈-t∏mgpw tcmK-ap-
≈- t ∏m- g p- s a√mw hnhn[ hn´p- h o- g v ® - I ƒ \¬I- s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- s ≠- ¶ nepw
\a-kvImcw Hgn-hm-°mt\m F√mw IqSn as‰mcp ka-b-tØ°v Iq´n-
sh®v \a- k v I - c n- ° mt\m ]mSp- ≈ - X √. AØcw cwK- ß - f n¬ F{]-
Imcw km[y- a m- I mtam A{]- I mcw \n¿∆- l n®p dkq¬ amXrI
ImWn®p Xcn-IbmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv.
sh≈- a n- s √- ¶ n¬ XbΩpw sNømw. \n¬°m≥ I- g n- b n- s √-
¶n¬ Ccpt∂m InSt∂m \n¿∆-ln°mw. AXn-∂m-In-s√-¶n¬ BwKy-
ßfmtem lrZ- b - Ø n¬ \ncq- ] nt®m \n¿∆- l n- ° m- h p- ∂ - X mWv .
hkv{Xw H∂pw In´msX hcn-I- I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ¶n¬ \·-\mtbm [rXn-bn-tem- tem-
Sp∂ hml-\-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ AXn-en-cpt∂m A`-bm¿Yn-bmbn `b-
t∂m-Sp-∂psh¶n¬ \S-°p-tºmtgm HmSp-tºmtgm km[y-amb coXn-
bn¬ \n›-bn-°-s∏´ ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Xs∂ \n¿h-ln°W-sa-
∂mWv Ckvemw \njv-I-¿jn-®n-c-n°p-∂Xv. A√msX F√mw IqSn H‰-
b-Sn°v ]S-®-h\v FÆw sImSp-°p∂ IzZmAv F∂ Hcp ]cn-]mSn
^¿Zv \a-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬ k¶-ev]n-°pI IqSn km[y-a√.
C{Xbpw ]d-™-t∏mƒ kzm`m-hn-I-amsbmcp kwibw DS-
se-Sp°pw. Icp-Xn-°q´n q´n Hcmƒ \a-kvImcw Hgn-hm°n. m°n. ]n∂oSv AXv
sX‰m- s W∂v t_m[y- s ∏´p. F∂m¬ Ign™pt]m- b Xv IzZm- A v
hot´-≠-Xnt√? AXn-\p≈ adp-]-Sn- CXmWv: ta¬∏d™ Imc-W-ß-
sfm-∂p-an-√msX Icp-Xn-°q´n Hcmƒ A{]-Imcw sNøp-∂Xv ]m]hpw
\akvImcw 60
hnhn[ \akvImc߃
PwDw Izkvdpw
Zzplvdpw Akvdpw XΩnepw aKvcn_pw CimDw XΩnepw Iq´n
Hcp ka-bØv \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v PwAv F∂pw \mep dIv-A-Øp-
I- f p≈ \a- k v I m- c sØ c≠m°n \a- k v I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X ns\ Izkv d v
F∂pw ]d-bp∂p. tcmKn-Iƒ°pw bm{X-°m¿°pw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´
B\p-Iq-ey-
ey-amWv PwAv. Izkvdv bm{X-
bm{X-°m¿°v am{Xhpw. am{Xhpw. {lkz-amb
bm{X-°m-c\pw \nmc tcmKn-Ifpw Cu B\p-Iqeyw ssI∏-‰m-Xn-
cn-°-emWv DØaw.
bm{X- b n¬ kztZ- i m- X n¿Øn hn´- X n\v tijamWv Izkv d v
sNtø-≠Xv. bm{X Ign™p Ign™p Xncn-s®-Øp-∂-Xv hsc Izkv Izkvdpw PwDw
B°m- h p- ∂ - X mWv . \o≠ Ah[n hsc \n¬°p- s a∂ e£y-
tØmsS ]pd- s ∏- ´ - h ¿ AhnsS FØn- ° - g n- ™ m¬ ]n∂nSv PwDw
Jkv d pw B°m- h - X √. A\n- › n- X - s a- ¶ n¬ AXm- b Xv GX- h - k - c -
Ønepw aS-ßm-hp-∂Xm- X
- m-sW-∂p≈ {]Xo-£bn¬ b
- n¬ Ignbp-∂-h¿ F{X-
th-W-sa-¶nepw Izkvcpw PwD am°m-sa∂mWv lZo-kp-Iƒ PwD
sNbvXn-´p≈ ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ (ssh- (ssh-cp-≤y-ß-fp≈ F√m lZo-kp-I-
fpw Hcp-an®v Iq´n Kth-jWw sNbvXp Xocp-am\w ]d-™n-´p-f-f
]Wv U n- X - ∑ m¿) A`n{]mb- s ∏- ´ n- ´ p- ≈ Xv . A\n- › n- X - a mbn XpS- c p∂
CØcw bm{X- I - f n¬ IqSn- b m¬ ]Xn- s \´p Znhkw hsc Izkv d v
sNøm-hp-∂Xm-sW∂pw ]ns∂bpw XpS-tc≠n c≠n h∂m¬ ]q¿W-ambn
\n¿∆-ln-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw {]_-e-amb as‰m-c-`n-{]mbhpw \ne-hn-
ep≠v.
\_n(- k )bpsS PwAv \a- k v I m- c - Ø n- e p≈ k{º- Z mbw apB-
Zp_v \ p P_¬ (d) Cßs\ \nth- Z \w sNøp∂p. \_n(- k ) D®
sX‰pw apºv bm{X- Xp-S-ßn-bm¬ Zzpl¿ ]n¥n®p Ak¿ ka-bØp
c≠pw \a- k v I - c n°pw. D®°v tijw ]pd- s ∏- S m- s \m- c p- ß n- b m¬
fpl¿ ka-b-Øp-Xs∂ Akdpw IqSn \n¿∆-ln°pw. F∂n´p ]pd-
s∏Spw. aKvcn-_n\v apºp ]pd-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ aKvcn_v ]n¥n®p
\akvImcw 61
Cim- C - t \msSm∏w
\msSm∏w \n¿h- l n°pw. aKv c n- _ n\p tijw ]pd- s ∏- ´ m¬
aKvcn-t_m-sSm∏w Cim-Av \a-kvI-cn°pw (A-lva-Zv, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,
Xp¿ap-Zn).
Izkzv ¿ kw_- ‘- a mbn A_v Z p- √ m- l n_v \ p Da¿(- d ) D≤- c n-
°p∂p: Rm≥ \_n(-k)-tbm-sSm∏w IqSn. At±lw bm{X-bn¬ c≠v
dIv - A - Ø n¬ IqSp- X - e mbn \a- k v I - c n- ° mtd- b n√. A_q- _ - I v d pw
Dadpw Dkv a m\pw (d) bm{X- I - f n¬ A{]- I mcw Xs∂bmbn- c p- ∂p.
(_p-Jmcn, apkvenw)
Camw A_q- l - \ o^(d) bm{X- b n¬ Izkz¿ \n¿_- ‘ - a mWv
F∂pw amenIv, im^nCu AlvaZv(-d) F∂n-h¿ ]q¿ØoI-cn®p \a-
kvI-cn-°¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-sa-¶nepw Ikz-dm-Wv t{ijvT-Icw F∂p-
amWv ]d-bp-bp-∂Xv
∂Xv. ssiJp¬ Ckvemw C_v\p-ssX-anb (d) ]d-bp∂p: bp∂p:
bm{X-bn¬ ]q¿Øn-I-cn®p \a-kvI-cn-°¬ shdp-°-s∏´ Imcy-am-Wv.
(A¬ CJvXn-bm-dm-Øv). PwAv c≠p Xc-Øn-ep≠v. BZy-tØ-Xns‚
hIzvØn¬ c≠m-a-tØXv \n¿∆-ln- ln-°p-∂- Xns\ Xns\ PwD-ØJv
ØJvZow F∂pw
BZy-tØXv c≠m-a-sØ-hIzvØn-te°v ]n¥n-°p-∂-Xns\ PwD-Ø-
Av-Jo¿ F∂pw ]d-bp∂p. PwD sNøp-tºmƒ _m¶pw CIzm-aØpw
hnfn® tijw BZysØ hIzvØnse \a-kvImcw BZyw \a-kvI-
cn- ° pI. kemw ho´nb tijw CIzm- a Øv am{Xw hnfn®p c≠m- a-
tØXv \n¿hln-°pI. c≠n-\p-an-S-bn¬ IqSp-X-¬ kabw sh°-cpXv.
PwD-Ø-Av-Jo¿ sNøp-tºmƒ BZy-tØ-Xns‚ hIzvØn¬ ]n¥n®p
PwD sNbvXp \a-kvI-cn-°p-I-bm-W∂p \nøØv sNbvXn-cn-°Ww.
kp_vlv \a-kvImcw AXns‚ hIzvØn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv \n¿∆-ln-t°-
≠Xv. PwDw Izkvdpw AXn\v _m[-I-a√.
PpapA \a-kvImcw
sh≈n-bmgv® tXmdpw fzpl¿ ka-bØv Hmtcm al-√-pI-fnepw
Ppap- A Øv ]≈n- I - f n¬ sh®p \S- Ø p∂ \a- k v I m- c - a m- W nXv .
{]mb-]q¿Øns-b-Ønb F√m ]pcp-j≥am¿°pw PpapA \n¿∫-‘-
amWv . tcmKnIƒ°pw bm{X- ° m¿°pw \n¿∫- ‘ - a n√. kv { XoIƒ
kuI- c y- a p- s ≠- ¶n¬ ]s¶- S p- ° pI Xs∂ thWw. Ppap- A °v hcp-
∂-Xn\v apºv Ipfn-°pI, \√ hkv{Xw [cn-°pI, kpK-‘-a-Wn-bpI
F∂nh kp∂-Øp-I-fmWv. JØo_v ({]m-kw-Kn-I≥) an-º-dn¬ ({]-
kw-K]oTw
]
- oTw )I-b-b-dp-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ lmP-cm-
cm-bn-cn-
cn-°Ww. JØo_v
anº-dn¬ Ib-dn-bm¬ PpapA°v hcp-∂-h-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Øp∂ ae-°p-Iƒ AhcpsS cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ AS®v {i≤m-]q¿hw
JpØp_ {i≤n-°m-\n-cn-°p-sa∂pw a∂pw AXn-\m¬ AXn\v apºp-Xs∂
F√m-hcpw FØn-t®-c-W-sa∂pw dkq¬ (k) {]tXyIw {]tXyIw D]-tZ-in-
\akvImcw 62
®n-´p≠v. Ppap-A-°mbn {]th-in-®m¬ Ccn-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv c≠v
dIv - A Øv \a- k v I - c n- °Ww.
Zpzpl¿ ka- b - a m- b m¬ JØo_v anº- d n¬ Ibdn \n∂p
P\ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®v kemw ]d-bpI. tijw apA-±n≥ _m¶v
hnfn°pI. ]n∂oSv JØn_v c≠p {]kw- K - ß ƒ \n¿hln- ° Ww.
lwZv (A- √ mlphns\ kv X pXn- ° ¬), kz- e mØv (\- _ n- ° p- t h≠n
{]m¿Yn- ° ¬), XIzv h sIm≠p≈ hkn- ø Øv , Izp¿- B - \ n¬
\n∂¬]w HmX¬, Ah-km-\-Øn¬-F-√m-h¿°p-ambn {]m¿Yn-°¬
Ch- I - f mWv JpØp- _ bpsS bpsS dpIv \ p- I ƒ. JpXp- JpXp- _ - b psS {][m-
{][m- \ -
e£yw kmtcm-]-tZ-i-amWv. AXv {i≤n-°m-\m-Wv P\-߃ \ni-_vZ-
cmbncn°- W - s a∂v Ckv e mw \njv I ¿jn- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv . (X- I zv h
sIm≠p≈ hkzn-ø-Øv F∂m¬ JØo-_ns‚ P\-ß-f-Sp≈ D]-
tZi {]kw-K-am-Wv.)
c≠v JpØp- _ Iƒ°nS- b n¬ JØo_v A¬]kabw Ccn-
°Ww. JpØp_ \S- ° p- t ºmƒ kZ- k y¿ - k w- k m- c n- ° mt\m a‰p
Imcy- ß fnte¿s∏-
fnte¿s∏- S mt\m ]mSn√. ap´n≥ta¬ ssIsI- ´ n- b n- c n- ° - c p-
sX∂pw Dd°w tXm∂p- t ºmƒ ÿew amdn- b n- c n- ° - W - s a∂pw
k{i≤w {]kwKw tI´p- sIm- ≠ n- c n- °- W - s a∂pw \_n(- k ) D]- t Z-
in- ® - X mbn \nc- h [n lZo- k p- I - f n¬ ImWmw. JpØp- _ °v tijw
c≠p dIv-AØv Pam-A-Ømbn \a-kvI-cn-°Ww. CXn¬ Izp¿-B≥
Dd- s °- b mWv HmtX- ≠ Xv . C_v \ p akv - D u- Z n¬ \n∂v \nth- Z \w:
\n›bw \_n(-k) PpapA°v lmP-cm-Im-Ø-hsc°pdn®v {]kvXm-
hn®p. P\-ß- ß-fp-ambn \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ Hcmsf Rm≥ G¿∏m-Sm-°pI,
F∂n´v Ppap- A °v h∂n- ´ n- √ mØ- h - c psS hoSp klnXw Rm≥
(Xs∂ t\cn´v sN∂v) Xo sImfpØn Np´p- I- I-cn-
cn-°m≥
°m≥ Dt±-in-°m-
°m-dp≠v
dp≠v.
(ap-kvenw)
Da¿(-d),
d), C_v\p A∫mkv (d), A_q-lp- lp-ssdd (d)-F∂nh¿ D≤-
cn-°p∂p. \_n(k) Xs‚ anº-dn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-
Xp- t I´p. PpapAtbmSv hnS- hnS- ] - d - b p- ∂ - h ¿ A∏Wn Ah- k m- \ n- ∏ n-
°s´. A√mØ ]£w A√mlp Ah- c psS lrZ- b - ß - f n≥ta¬
ko¬sh- ° pw. At∏m- f - h ¿ alm Ae- k - ∑ m- c mbn Aebpw.
(apkvenw, \km-Cu)
CuZv \a-kvIm-c-߃
daZm-\nse {hXm-\p-jvTm\Øns‚ kam]vXn Ipdn®v sIm≠v
i∆m¬ amkw H∂n\v BtLm- j n- ° p∂ kpZn- \ - a mWv CuZp¬
^nXzv¿ (sN-dnb s]cp-∂mƒ).- Zp¬l-÷v amkw ]Øn\v CuZp¬
AZv l m (_en s]cp- ∂ mƒ ) BtLm- j n- ° p∂p. Cu Zn\- ß - f n¬
\akvImcw
63
kqtcym- Z - b - Ø n\v n\v tijw D®°v ap≥]v \n¿∆- l n- ° p∂ CuZv \a-
kvIm-c-߃ ssaXm-\-ß-fn¬ sh®mWv \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠Xv.
\m´nse B_mehr≤w P\-ß-fXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°Ww. bph-Xn-
Iƒ°pw B¿Ø-h-Im-cn-Iƒ°pw- A-hnsS k∂n-lnX-cmhmw. ]s£
B¿Ø-h-Im-cn-Iƒ \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \ns∂m-gn™p\n¬°p-Ibpw
JpØp_ {i≤n- ° p- I , XIv _ o¿ sNm√pI, Zm\ [¿ΩmZn Imcy-
ßfn¬ ]s¶-Sp- Sp-°pI F∂nh \n¿∆-ln-°m- °m-hp-∂-XmWv. Pam-A-Øm-
bp≈ c≠v dIv - A Øv \a- k v I mcamWnXv . BZysØ dIv - A - Ø n¬
{]mcw`{]m¿Y\°v
{]mcw`{]m¿Y\ °v tijw Ggp {]mh- i yhpw c≠m- a - t Ø- Xn¬
A©p {]h- i yhpw XIv _ o¿ sNm√Ww. Hmtcm XIv _ o¿ sNm√p-
tºm- g pw ssIIƒ Npa- e n\p t\sc Db¿Øn ho≠pw sI´Ww.
XIv _ o- d p- I ƒ°v tijw kqd- Ø p¬ ^mØnlbpw tijw kqd-
Øp- I - f pw HmXWw. \a- k v I m- c - Ø n\v tijw Camw Hcp JpØp_
\n¿∆-ln-°-Ww. CuZpKm-lp- lp-I-fn-te°v hcp-∂Xn\v apºv Ipfn-°pI,
\√ hkv{X-ß-fWn-bpI, kpK‘ {Zhy-߃ ]qipI, h cp-tºm-gpw
t]mIp-tºmgpw XIv_o¿ apg-°pI, t]m°p hcp-hp-Iƒ hyXykvX
hgn-I-fn-eqsS Bbn-cn-°pI F∂nh kp∂-ØpI-fmWv. Zm\ [¿a-
߃ \S-ØpI. IpSpw-_-ßsf kµ¿in-°pI, k¬°m-c-߃ \S-
ØpI F∂nh Cu Zn\-ß-fnse {]tXyI k¬°¿Ω-ß-fmIp∂p.
Cu Znh-k-Øn¬ A\n-kvem-an-I-a√mØ hnt\m-Z-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-
Sp- ∂ Xv A\p- h - Z - \ o- b - a m- W v .
sNdnb s]cp-∂mƒ Zn\-Øn¬ PpapA hscbpw _en-s]-
cp-∂m-fn¬ A∂pw tij-ap≈ aq∂p Znh-kßfnepw (A-øm-ap-Ø-
iv c o- I zv ) \a- k v I mc\¥cw XIv _ o¿ apg- ° - ¬ kp∂- Ø m- I p∂p.
CuZp¬ ^nXz¿ Zn\- Ø n¬ \a- k v I m- c - Ø n\v apºv Xs∂ ^nXz¿
k°mØv sImSpØp Xo¿°Ww. CuZp¬ AZvlm-Zn-\-Øn¬ CuZv
\a-kvImcw Ign-™-bp-Ss\ _en-I¿Ωw \SØpI. CuZp¬ ^nXz-
dn\v \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v h-cp-∂-Xn\v apºv `£-W-sa-s¥-¶nep w Ign-
°eqw, Cu-Zp¬ AZvl°v `£Ww Ign-°msX hcepw dkq¬ (k)-
bpsS amXr-I-bn¬s∏´-Xm-Ip-∂p.
CuZpw Ppap-Abpw H∂n®p h∂m¬
apkvenwIfpsS c≠m-tLm-j-ß-fmb CuZp¬ ^nXzvdpw, Cu-
Zp¬ AZv l bpw sh≈n- b mgv ® b√mØ Zn\- ß - f n¬ hcn- I - b m- s W-
¶n¬ {]tXy- I n®v n®v {]iv \ - ß - f n√. F∂m¬ Ah-
Ah- b n¬ GsX- ¶ nepw
nepw
H∂p sh≈n- b mgv ® hcn- I - b m- s W- ¶ n¬ At∂ Znhkw c≠v
PpapAIƒ Bh-iy-amtWm A√tbm F∂ hnj-bw Aev]w Bi-
b- I p- g - ∏ - Ø n\v hI \¬Ip- ∂ p≠v . AXn- \ m¬ AXn- s \- I p- d n®p≈
\akvImcw 64
Ckv e m- a nI hn[nbpw ]Wv U n- X - ∑ mcpsS- \n- K - a - \ - ß fpw hne- b n- c p-
Øp- I - b m- W n- h nsS.
C∆n- j - b - I - a mbn ]cn- i p≤ Izp¿- B ≥ H∂pw- {]- X n- ] m- Z n- ® p
ImWp- ∂ n√. F∂m¬ \_n(- k ) bpsSbpw klm- _ n- I - f psSbpw
{]h¿Ø- \ - ß sf°pdn- °p∂ lZo- k p- I - f mWv Cu hnj- b - Ø n¬
\ap- ° - d nhv \¬Ip- ∂ Xv . IqSp- X ¬ sXfn- h p- I ƒ \¬Ip∂ {][m-\ -
s∏´ aq∂v lZo-kp-Iƒ Iƒ ChnsS {]Xn-]m- ]m-Zn°mw.
Zn°mw. H∂m-a- a-Xmbn
Xmbn AlvaZv,
A_q- Z mhqZv , C_v \ p- a mP F∂o lZokv {KŸ- ß ƒ sskZp_v \ p
A¿Iz- a n¬ (d)- \ n∂v dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X - X mWv . AXn- { ]- I m- c - a mWv .
sskZp_v\p A¿J- A¿J-an-t\mSv apB-hnb(d)-tNmZn®p: NmZn®p: c≠v CuZp-Iƒ
(H∂v CuZv \a- k v I m- c tØbpw c≠m- a Xv Ppap- A - t bbpw kqNn- ∏ n-
°p-∂p. -Pp-ap-Asb apkvenw-I-fpsS s]cp-∂mƒ F∂p \_n (k)
hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p≠v) Hcp-an®vIqSn-b-Xn\v dkq-en-t\m-sSm∏w Xm¶ƒ
km£n- b m- b n- ´ pt≠m? At±lw ]d™p: AsX. ]I- e ns‚ BZy-
Øn¬ CuZv\-a-kvI-cn®p. ]n∂oSv \_n(-k) ]d™p: Bsc-¶nepw
Ppap- A - b n¬ ]s¶- S p- ° m- \ m- { K- l n- ° p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n¬ ]¶p- s Im-≈ s´.
Cu lZokns\ Ipdn®v Camw i m^nCu Xs‚ ss\ep¬ Ahp-Xzm¿
F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xn-n-{]-Im-c- c-amWv
amWv. sskZv_v\p A¿Iz-ans‚ ans‚
Cu lZokv \km- C bpw lmInapw dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X n- ´ p≠v . Aen-
øp_v\p¬ aZo\n icn-bm-sW∂p ]d-bp∂p. ]s£ Cu lZo-kns‚
]c- º - c - b n¬ Cbm- k p_v \ p A_o- d we F∂ dnt∏m¿´¿
A⁄mX\mIp- ∂ p.
c≠m-a-Xmbn A_q-lpdbv lpdbvdbn¬ \n∂v \n∂v B_q-Zm-hqZpw C_v\p-
am- P bpw dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X lZo- k mWv . At±lw ]d™p: dkq¬
(- k ) ]d™p: \nß- f psS Cu Znhkw c≠v CuZp- I ƒ Hcp- a n®ncn-
°p∂p. Bsc- ¶ nepw Ppap- A - b mbn aXn- b m- ° p- ∂ pthm, Aß- s \-
bmImw. R߃ (c-≠m-asØ) Pp-ap-A-°mbn Hcp-an-®p-IqSpw. Cu
lZo-ks\ Ipdn®v Camw iuIm\n ]d-bp∂p. Cu l-Zokv lmInw
dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X n- ´ p≠v . ZmdIzpXv \ nbpw Camw Alv a - Z p_v \ p
lºepw CXv i- c n- s h- ® n- c n°p∂p. F∂m¬ ss_lIzn Cu hn´p-
hogvN A\p-h-Zn-®-Xns\ ]´-W-Øn¬ \n∂v AI∂ Bfp-Iƒ am{Xw
_m[-I-am-b-Xm-sW∂p \n_-‘\sh®n-cn-°p∂p. F∂m¬ CXn-s‚
]c-ºc Zp¿∫-e-amWv (ss\-ep¬-A-hvXzm¿ hmfyw 3).
C\n aq∂m- a - X mbn hlv _ v _ v \ p ssIkm- \ n¬ \n∂v \km-
Cbpw A_q-Zm-hqZpw dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX lZokv. At±lw ]d™p:
C_v \ p kpss_- d ns‚ ImeØv c≠v CuZp- I ƒ Hcp- a n®p h∂p.
At∏mƒ At±lw ]I¬ Ipd®v sshIn ]≈n-bn-te°v ]pd-s∏´p
(km[mcW s]cp- ∂ mƒ PpapAbpsS ka- b - Ø n- ¬ \n∂ev ] w
\akvImcw 65
sshIn). A- t ±lw BZyw JpØp_ \SØnb tijw c≠v dIv -
AØv \a-kvI-cn®p. A∂v A∂v PpapA ]n∂nSv \a-kvI-cn-®n√. At∏mƒ
Rm≥ C_v\p A∫m-kn(-d)-t\mSv CXp ]d™p. At±lw ]d™p:
{]hm- N - I - N cy Abmƒ {]m]n- ® n- c n- ° p∂p. CtX lZokv AXzmAv
(d)-¬ \n∂v A_q-Zm- Zm-hqZv thsdbpw dnt∏m¿´v sNbv-Xn- ´p≠v ´p≠v. AXn¬
]I-en¬ t\csØ Xs∂ \a-kvI-cn-®n√ F∂m-Wp-≈Xv. B lZo-
knse dnt∏m¿´¿am¿ kzoIm- cy- cy- am-
am-sW∂pw C_v\p A∫mkn (d)s‚
A`n-{]m-b {]I-S-\-Øns‚ dnt∏m¿´¿amcpw
dnt∏m¿´¿amcpw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-
h-cm-sW∂pw Camw iuIm\n A`n-{]m-b-s∏Sp∂p.(-ss\-ep¬ Ahp-
Xzm¿)
Cu lZokp- I - f psS shfn- ® - Ø n- e mWv CXns\ kw_- ‘ n®
F√m A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw cq]w sIm≠n-´p-f- f-fXv. CXv tcJ-bmbn kzoI-
cn®v A[nI ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw C∆n-j-b-I-ambn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ A`n
{]m-b-
b-߃ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p. c≠p Ppap-A-Iƒ Hcp-an®p Hcp Zn\-
Øn¬ h∂m¬ s]cp- ∂ mƒ PpapA F√m- h cpw \n¿∆- l n- ° Ww.
c≠m-asØ PpapA ]≈n-bn¬ \S-Ø-s∏-SWw. BZy PpapA (Cu-
Zv)-bn¬
bn¬ ]s¶-Sp- Sp-Ø-h¿ c≠m-a-tØ-Xn¬ ]¶vsIm-≈-W- W-sa-∂n√. BZy-
Pp- a pAbn¬ ]s¶- S p- Ø - h ¿ ImcWw IqSmsX Xs∂ c≠m- a - t Ø-
Xn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-s√-¶n¬ Hcn-°epw Ip‰-°m-c√. c≠m-asØ Ppap-
A°v ]Icw Zpl¿ \a-kvI-cn-°Ww. aZvl-_p-I-fpsS Cam-ap-I-fn¬
im^n- C u(- d ) Dkv a m≥ (d)- s ‚- I m- e sØ kw`hw D≤- c n- ® p-
sIm≠nßs\ ]dbp∂p: Dkv a m≥(d) - C uZv \a- k v I - c n- ® - t i jw
Cßs\ ]d™p: C∂v C∂v c≠v PpapA Hcp-an®p h∂n-cn-°p∂p. ]´-
W-hm-kn-If√m-Ø-h¿ PpapA {]Xo-£n-®n-cn-°m≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂p-
sh- ¶ n¬ {]Xo- £ n- ° pI. AX√ Xncn®v t]mIp- I - b m- s W- ¶n¬
Aßns\ sNøpI. AXn- ∂ - \ p- h mZw \ev I - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂p (In- Xm-
_p¬ DΩv). AXn-\m¬ im^n-Cu(-d)- ]-d-bp-∂Xv ]´-W-hm-kn-Iƒ°v
Hgn-I-gnhv A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´n-s√∂pw Ah¿ Pp-ap-A-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-
°- W - s a∂pw A√m- Ø - h ¿°v Cjv S w t]mse sNøm- s a- ∂ p- a mWv .
]s£ a‰p ]e ]WvUn-X≥amcpw CXn¬ A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂
hn´p-hogv® F√m-h¿°pw _m[-I-am-sW∂v ]d-™n-´p≠v. B A`n-
{]m-b-amWv Ipsd-IqSn icn-bm-bn tXm∂p-∂Xv. AXn-\p≈ Imc-W-
ß- f n¬ NneXv ]dbmw. 1. Ppap- A - b psS e£yw A∂sØ CuZn-
\m¬ km£m¬°-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p. 2. s]-cp-∂m¬ Znh-k-Øn¬
Ppap- A °v hn´p- h ogv ® \ev I - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. 3. sIm√- Ø n¬ c≠v
{]mhiyw am{X-ap≈ CuZv Ppap-A-tb°mƒ hnti-j-s∏-´-Xm-Ip∂p.
AXm- I s´ A]q¿∆- a mtb D≠m- I m- d p≈p. AXn- \ m¬ CuZv \n¿∆-
ln-®-h¿ Hcp Ppap-A°v IqSn lmP-cm-I-W-sa-∂n√. ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-
\akvImcw 66
Xn¬hn-tcm-[-hp-an-√.
C\n as‰mcp hnti-j-ap-≈Xv, Ppap-A-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-Ø-h¿
A∂p Zpl¿ \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xpt≠m C√tbm F∂XmWv. `qcn-
]£w ]Wv U n- X - ∑ mcpw Zpl¿ \n¿∫- ‘ - a m- s W∂mWv ]d- ™ n- ´ p-
≈Xv. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv icn-bm-bn-´p-≈Xpw. ImcWw Ppap-A-bn¬
]s¶-Sp-°m-
°m-Xn-
Xn-cn-
cn-°m-
°m-\p≈
\p≈ hn´p-hogvNv \evIp∂ Hcp-Im- Im-c-W(-k-_-_v)-
amWv CuZv . Imc- W - a p- s ≠- ¶ n¬ (D- Z v d v ) PapA Hgn- h m°n ]Icw
Zpl¿ \a-kvI-cn-®m¬ aXn F∂Xv A\n-tj-[y-amb sXfn-hm-Wt√m. t√m.
am{X-a√ A©p-h-IvXn¬ s]´ Hcp hIzvXmWv km[m-cW Ppap-A-
bpsS kabw. AXn-\m¬ AsXm-gn-hm-°m≥ \n¿∆ml-an√. PpapA
As√- ¶ n¬ Zpl¿. A√msX c≠pw Hgn- h m- ° m- h - X √. A∂v CuZv
D≠m- b Xv sIm≠v Ppap- A °v t]mI- W - s a- ∂ n√. Zpl¿ \a- k v I - c n-
®m¬ aXn F∂p am{Xw.
s]cp-∂m¬ PpapA Hcp km[m-cW kp∂-sØ∂ \ne°v
AXn\v hen-sbmcp {]m[m\yw Iev]n-°mØ ]cn-X-ÿnXn Nnte-S-
ß-fn-ep≠v. km[m-cW kp∂Øv F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ P\-߃ a\-
n- e m°nbncn- ° p- ∂ XpwXpw ^n°zv l v {KŸ- ß ƒ \¬Ip- ∂ - X p- a mb
\n¿∆-N\w {]h¿Øn-®m¬ {]Xn-^ew In-´p-∂Xv Dt]-£n-®m¬ Ip‰-
an-√m-ØXv F∂mWv. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Øn¬ CuZns\ AØ-c-Øn-se-Æm≥
km[y- a √. lnPv d H∂mw h¿jw \_n(- k ) CXp \S- ∏ n- e m- ° n- b Xv
apX¬ a-cn-°p∂Xv hsc bmsXmcp Imc-WØmepw Dt]-£n-®n-´n√.
Hcn- ° ¬ ag- b psS Imc- W Øm¬ \n¿Øn sh°p- ∂ Xn\v ]Icw
ssaXm-\Øv \n∂v ]≈n-bn-te°v am‰p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. CuZn\v
kv { XoIsf ]s¶Sp- ∏ n- ° m≥ (A- h ¿ B¿Ø- h - I m- c n- I tfm bph- X n-
Itfm Bbmepw) k-lm-_n-Iƒ B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p (_p-
Jm-cn). hkv{X-an-s√¶n¬ Ab¬hmknbn¬ \n∂v hmßn-sb-¶nepw
hcnI. B¿Ø-h-ImcnIƒ \a-kvI-cn-°-cp-sX∂v am{Xw. _m°n-bp-
ff Imcy- ß - f n¬ (X- I v _ o¿, {]- k wKw, Zm- \ - [ ¿Ωw F∂nhbn¬
]s¶-Sp-°-Ww). kv{XoIƒ t]mepw C{]-Imcw B⁄m-]n-°-s∏-´n-
´p- s ≠- ¶ n¬ ]pcp- j ≥amcpsS Imcyw ]d- b m- \ pt≠m. CuZv Zn\w
sh≈n-bm-gvN-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ppap-A°v hn´p-ho-gvN(-dp-Jvk)- X-∂n-cn-
°p- ∂ Xpw CXns‚ {]m[m- \ yw hnfn- t ®m- X p∂p. kt¥m- j -
Øns‚bpw ssZhsØ al-Xz-s∏-SpØn Ah\p \µn {]Im-in-∏n-°p-
∂-Xn-s‚bpw kpZn-\-amb A∂p B_mehr≤w P\-߃ Blvfm-
Z- t ØmsS ]s¶- S p- ° m≥ \n¿t±- i n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂ alØmb B
I¿Ωw t\csØ ]d- ™ shdpw kp∂- Ø ns‚ \n¿∆- N - \ -
Øn¬s]Sp-Øm≥ Cu Imc-W-ßfm¬ km[y-a√. AXv Ckvem-anI
ico- A - Ø n¬ {]hm- N - I s‚ kpi- ‡ - a mb amXr- I - b m¬ ÿnc-
\akvImcw 67
s∏SpØ- s ∏´ Hgn- ® p- I q- S m≥ ]‰mØ D∂- X - a mb I¿Ωw Xs∂.
sh≈n- b m- g v ® - b nse Ppap- A bpw Hcp Znh- k Ønse A©v {]mh-
iysØ Pam- A Øp \a- k v I m- c hpw Hcp \m´n¬ \n¿∆- l n-
°m™m¬ B \m- ´ p- I m¿ apgp- h \pw Ip‰- ° mcmIp- ∂ Xv t]mse
CXpw A{]-Imcw \n¿∆-ln-°m-™m¬ F√m-hcpw Ip‰-°m-cm-IpI
Xs∂ sNøpw F∂mWv Ch-bn¬ \n∂v a\-n-em-°p-∂Xv.
{KlW \a-kvIm-c-߃
kqcyt\m N{µt\m {KlWw _m[n-°p-tºm-gp≈ {]tXyI \a-
kv I m- c - a mWv {KlW \a- k v I mcw. km[m- c W \a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬
\n∂¬]w hyXym- k - a m- W nXv . c≠p dIv - A - Ø p≈ Cu \a- k v I m- c -
Ønse Hmtcm dIv A - Ø nepw c≠v dpIq- D - I - f p≠v . Hmtcm dIv -A -
Ønepw ^mØn- l °v tijw Izp¿- B ≥ [cm- f - a mbn ]mc- b Ww
sNbv X v BZysØ dpIqAv sNøpI. BZy dpIq- C ¬ \n∂p- b ¿∂
tijw ho≠pw ssIsI- ´ pIbpw - B - Z y- t ØXp t]mse Izp¿- B ≥
HmXp- I bpw tijw dpIqDw CAv - Ø n- Z mepw ]n∂oSv kpPqZpw
F∂nßs\ c≠v dIv - A Øp \n¿∆- l n- ° Ww. dpIq- D - I fpw kqPq-
Zp-Ifpw hfsc ssZ¿Ly-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cn- °Ww. {KlWw XpS-ßn-b-
Xp-ap-X¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv hsc \a-kvI-cn-°Ww. CXn¬ ]mcm-
bWw Dd-s°-bm-bn-cn-°Ww. lnPvd- ]Ømw h¿jw \_n(-k)-bpsS
C{_mlnw F∂ Ip´n acn® Znh-k-Øn¬ bmZrOn-I-ambn {Kl-W-
ap-≠m-bn-. P\-߃ Ip´n-bpsS ac-W-hp-ambn _‘-aps≠∂v sX‰n-
≤-cn®p. CXv a\-n-em-°nb \_n(-k) Cu \a-kvImcw \n¿∆-l n-®-
tijw Hcp {]kwKw sNbvXp. AXn¬ C{]-Imcw i‡n-bmb `mj-
bn¬ {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn, \n›bw kqcy N{µ≥am¿ A√m-
lp-hns‚ c≠v ZrjvS-m¥-ß-fmWv. HcmfpsS P\\w aqetam acWw
aqetam Ah°p {KlWw _m[n-°p-I-bn√. {KlWw kw`-hn-®m¬
Rm≥ \a- k v I - c n- ® - X p- t ]mse \a- k v I - c n- ° p- I bpw Zm\[¿Ω- ߃
h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° p- I bpw A√m- l p- h ns\ [mcm- f - a mbn kv a cn- ° p- I -b pw
sNøpI. s]cp-∂mƒ \a-kvIm-cw t]mse {KlW \a-kvIm-c-Øn\p
tij-hpw- Camw P\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jn-I-cn®v {]kwKw \S-ØWw.
CkvXn-kvIzm-Av
\m´n¬ hcƒ® _m[n-°p-Ibpw ag In´msX a\p-jycpw Poh-
Pm-e-ßfpw IjvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ ag h¿jn-∏n®p Xcp-hm-
\mbn A√m-lp-hn-t\m-S-t]-£n-°m-\p-ff \a-kvIm-c-Øn-\mWv kzem-
Øp¬ Ckv X n- k v I zm- A v F∂p ]d- b p- I . P\- ß ƒ sNbv X p- t ]mb
]m]- ß ƒ°v A√mlphn¬ ]›m- Ø - ] n®v aS- ß n- s °m≠v Hcp
\akvImcw
ssaXm- \ Øv F√m- h - c pw H- c p- a n®v IqSpI. F√m- h cpw Ah- c p- s S
hf¿Øp- a r- K - ß - s fbpw IqsS- s Im- ≠ p- h ∂v ssaXm- \ - Ø ns‚ Hcp
`mKØv \n¿ØpI. B_me- h r≤w P\- ß fpw CXn¬ ]s¶- S p-
°Ww. Camw F√m-h-scbpw Iq´n c≠p dIv-A-Øv\-a-kvI-cn-°pI.
Camw Zo¿L-ambn {]m¿Yn-°p-tºmƒ F√m-hcpw Iq´-ambn Bao≥
]d-bpI. \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v tijw Hcp {]kwKw \S-ØWw. {]kw-
K- Ø nepw [mcm- f - a mbn {]m¿Yn- ° Ww. {]m¿Y\m- t h- f bn¬
Izn_ve°`nap-J- ambn \n∂v ico-cØn- Ø
- n-ep≈ X´-Øns‚ heXv `mKw
CS-tØm´pw
tØm´pw CSXv `Kw he-tØm´pw tØm´pw am‰n-bn-
bn-Sp-
Sp-Ibpw ssIIƒ tatem-
´p-b¿Øn
b¿Øn {]m¿Yn-°p-I- I-bp-am-W v th≠Xv. tLmc-amb agbpw Im‰pw
aptJ\ \nc-¥-
¥-c-ambn
ambn \mi-\jvSw kw`-hn- hn-®mepw C{]-Imcw
Imcw \a-kvI-
cn-°m≥ Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p≠v.
kp∂Øv \a-kvIm-c-߃
A©v ^¿Zv \a-kvIm-c-߃°v ]pdsa sFOn-I-ambn \n¿∆-
ln-t°≠ Nne \a-kvIm-c-ß-fp≠v fp≠v. A√m-lp-hp-ambn ambn IqSp-X-e-Sp-°p-
hm\pw Bcm- [ - \ - b n¬ {]Xn- ] - Ø n- b p- ≠ m- I p- h m\pw ^¿Zp- I - fn¬
hcp∂ \yq\- X - I ƒ ]cn- l - c n- ° p- s ∏Sp- h m\pw kp∂Øp \a- k v I m-
c-߃ D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v \_n(-k)-D-]-tZ-in-®n-cn-°p∂p. Hmtcm Znh-
k-sØbpw
sØbpw ^¿Zv\a-kvIm-c߃°v apºpw tijhp-ambn ]Xn-hmbn
\n¿∆-ln-t°≠p∂ kp∂Øv \a-kvIm-c- c-ßsf dhm-Øn_v F∂v ]d-
bp∂p. Zpl-dn\v ap≥]pw ]n≥ºpw c≠v hoXhpw aKvcn-_n\pw Cim-
C\pw tijw c≠v hoXhpw kp_- l n\v apºp c≠v dIv - A - Ø p-
ImfpamWnXv . Ch- s b- ° mfpw h¿≤n- ∏ n- ° m- \ p- t ±- i n-n- ° p∂h¿°v
CXn\p ]pdsa Zpl-dn\v apºpw ]n≥]pw c≠v hoXhpw Ak-dn\p
apºv \mepw Cim-C\p apºv c≠pw IqSn \n¿∆-ln°mhp∂-Xm-Wv.
Iznbm-ap-sse¬ ˛hnXv¿
da- Z zm- \ nepw A√mØ Ime- ß - f nepw CimC- ∂ v tij- a p- f f
dhm- Ø n- _ n\v tijw kp_- l n∂v apºmbn \a- k v I - c n- ° p∂
kp∂Øv \a- k v I mc- ß fmWv hnXv ¿ .
CXv G‰hpw Npcp-ßn-bXv H∂pw IqSn-bm¬ ]Xn-s\m-∂p-amW.v
km[m- c - W - b n¬ aq∂n¬ Ipd- b m- X n- c n- ° - e mWv DØaw. Ah- k m-\ -
Øn¬ H‰ dIv-A-Ømbn \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn\memWv n\memWv CXn\v hnXv¿ (H-
‰) F∂p t]cv h∂Xv. c≠p dIv-A-Øp- Iƒ hoXw \a-kvI-cn®v Ah-
km- \ - Ø n¬ aq∂p dIv - A Øv H∂n®v \- a - k v I - c n- ° p∂ coXn- b mWv
A`n-Im-ay-am-bXv.
da-Zm≥ amk-Øn¬ Zn¿L-ambn Izp¿-B≥ ]m-cm-bWw sNbvXv
68 \akvImcw 69
Htcm Cuc≠v dIv-A-Øn\v tijhpw A¬]-k-abw hn{i-an®v \a-
kvI-cn-°p∂ Cu \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v kzem-Øp-Ø-dm-ho-lv (hn-{i-a -
\- a - k v I m- c w) F∂p dkq¬ (k)- b psS ]n¬°m- e Øv \m- a - I - c Ww
sNø- s ∏´p. CXp CXp Xs∂- Cim- C\p tijw A¬]w Dd- ß n- b - X n\v n\v
tijw Fgp-t∂‰v Dd-°-an-f®v \a-kvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ kzem-Øp-Ø-l-
÷p- Z v (- D - d - ° - a n- f - ® p≈ \a- k v I mcw) F∂pw cm{Xn- b nse kp∂-
Ømb \a- k v I mcamb- X n- \ m¬ Jnbm- a p- s s√¬ (cm- { Xn- b nse \a-
kv I mcw) F∂pw CXns\ lZ- o - k p- {KŸ- ß - f n¬ ]cn- N - b - s ∏- S p-
Øn- b - X mbn ImWmw. cm{Xn- b nse \_n(- k )- b psS \a- k v I m- c sØ
Ipdn®v BCi(d)-tbmSv tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿ ]d™p: da-Zm-\ntem
A√m-Ø-∏tgm dkq¬ (k) cm{Xn-b¬ ]Xn-s\m-∂n-t\-°mƒ h¿≤n-
∏n-®n-´n√ (_p-Jm-cn, -ap-kvenw)
CXv hfsc t{ijv T hpw {]Xn- ^ - e m¿l- h p- amb \a- k v I m- c -
am- I p∂p. lrZ- b - k m- ∂ n- ≤ y- t ØmsS IqSp- X ¬ Izp¿- B ≥
]mcmbWw sNbvXv sIm≠v CXv \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂h¿°v taml-\-ß-
fmb kz¿Kob hmKvZm-\-߃ Izp¿-B≥ Dd∏v \¬Ip∂p. {]hm-N-
I¿ (k)- C Xv Pohn- X - Ø n¬ F∂pw \n¿∆- l n- ® p- t ]m- ∂ XpamWv .
daZm\n¬ CXv Pam-A-Ømbn \n¿∆-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xp-amWv.
Xln-øØv
as‰mcp kp∂Øv \a- k - I m- c - a mWv ]≈n- b n¬ {]th- i n- ® m¬
Ccn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv c≠p dIv-AØv Xln-ø-Øp¬ akvPnZv \n¿∆-
ln-°¬. Pam-AØp \a-kvImcw \S-°p-tºmgpw Ak¿ \-a-kvIm-
c-Øn\v tijw kqcym-kvX-abw hscbpw hscbpw ^Pv¿ \a-kvIm-cm-\¥cw
kqtcymZbw hscbpw Hgn-sI-bp≈ at‰Xp ka-bØpw ]≈n-bn¬
{]th- i n- ® m¬ CXv kp∂- Ø m- I p∂p.
CkvXn-Jmdx \a-kvIm-cw-
A-\p-h-Z-\ob amb Hcp-Im-cysØ °pdn®v KpWtam tZmjtam
F∂p- X o- c p- a m- \ - s a- S p- ° p- ∂ Xn\v hnjaw t\cn- S p- t ºmƒ a\-  - a m-
[m\w e`n- ° m\pw m\pw \∑ tXm∂n- ∏ n- °s∏- S p- h m- \ p-p- a mbn \n¿∆- l n-
°m≥ \n¿t±- i n- ° s∏- ´ n- c n°p∂ \a- k v I m- c - a mWv Ckv X n- J md.
Pm_ndn(d)¬ \n∂v dnt∏m¿´p sNbvX _pJm-cn-bpsS lZokv CXns‚
]q¿Æ cq]w \sΩ ]Tn- ∏ n- ° p∂p. Pm_n¿(- d )- ] - d - b p∂p: Izp¿- B -
\nse A≤ymbw ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv t]mse F√m Imcy-Ønepw \≥a-
sb sXmtS≠ {Iaw \_n (k)- R - ß ƒ°v ]Tn- ∏ n®p X∂n- c p∂p.
Ahn-Sp∂v Cßs\ ]d™p: \nß-fn-sem-cmƒ Hcp Imcy-Øn\pt±-
in-®m¬ \n¿∫-‘-an-√mØ d≠v dIv-AØv \a-kvI-cn-°s´. F∂n-
\akvImcw 70
´n-{]-Imcw {]m¿Yn°s´:
""A√m- l pΩ C∂o Akv X - J odpI hA- k v X - I zv Z n- d pI _nIzp-
Zvd-ØnI hA-kv-A-epI an≥ ^fvenI¬ Afow. ^C-∂I XIzvZndp
hem- A - I zv Z ndp hX- A - v e ap hem AAv - e ap hA≥X A√m- a p¬
Kpbq_v . A√m- l pΩ C≥Ip≥X XAv - e ap A∂ lmZ¬ Awd
ssJdp≥ eo^oZo\o ha-Bio hB-Izn-_Øn Awco ^IzvZn¿ eo
hb-  n¿lpeo kpΩ _mdnIv e n ^oln hC≥ Ip≥X XA- e ap
A∂ lmZ¬- A wd idp≥eo ^oZo\o ha- B - i o h BIzn- _ Xn
Awdo ^kzv d n^v l p A∂o hkv d n^v \ o A≥lp hIzv Z n¿ n¿ enb¬
ssJd sslYp Im\ YpΩ A¿fn\o _nln
A√m- l pth Rm≥ \nt∂mSv \ns‚ Adnhv sIm≠v \∑
Fs¥∂v tNmZn-°p∂p.°p∂p. \ns‚ i‡n sIm≠v \nt∂mSv i‡n tNmZn-
°p∂p. \o F√m-‰n\pw Ign-hp-d-d-h≥. Rm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h≥. \o
Adn-bp-∂-h\pw Rm≥ \∂mbn Adn-bm-Ø-h\pw. \obm-Is´ AZr-
iyw IqSn \∂mbn Adn-bp-∂p. A√m-lpth, Fs‚ Imcyw Fs‚
Zo\nepw Pohn-X-Ønepw Imcy-Øns‚ A¥y-Ønepw KpW-I-c-sa∂v
\o Adn- b p∂psh¶n¬ AsX- \ n°v km[n- ∏ n®p Xtc- W sa. AXn-
\p≈ am¿Kw Ffp-∏-am-°p-I-bpw AXn¬ \o A\p-{K-ln-°p-Ibpw
sNtø- W ta! AX√ Fs‚ Zo\nepw D]- P o- h - \ - Ø nepw A¥y-
Ønepw C°mcyw tZmj- I - c - s a∂v \o Adn- b p- ∂ psh¶n¬ AXv
F∂n¬ \n∂- I - ‰ p- I bpw Fs∂ AXn¬ \n∂v AI- ‰ p- I bpw \∑
Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw AsX-\n°v \n¿Wbn∏n-®p-X-cn-Ibpw ]n∂o-
S- X n¬ Xr]v X n \ev I p- I bpw sNtø- W ta.'' CXn∂p tijw Ah- c-
h-cpsS D±njvSImcyw A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv tNmZn-°pI.
\akvImcw 71
aønØv \a-kvImcw
ac- W - s ∏´ BfpsS ]c- t emI KpWØn- \ mbn Pohn- ® n- c n- ° p-
∂h¿ aøn- Ø v apºn¬ sh®v A√mlphnt\mSv {]m¿Yn- ° p∂
I¿aamWv aønØp \a- k v I mcw. CXn¬ dqIqHm kpPqtZm C√.
aønØv Ipfn-∏n®v I^≥ sNbvX-Xn\v tijw aøn-Øn-t\mSv t\mSv G‰hpw
ASpØ _‘p Cam- a mbn \nev ° p- I bpw (\n¬°m≥I- g n- b m- Ø -
h¿°v Ccp∂p \n¿∆-ln°mw) _m-°n-bp-≈-h¿ ]n∂n¬ AWn \nc-
∂p- \ n∂v \a- k v I - c n- ° pIbpw sNøpI.
kv { XoIfp- s S- X m- s W- ¶ n¬ aøn- Ø ns‚ a[y- ` m- K - Ø mbpw
]pcp-j≥am-cp-sS- Xm-sW- sW-¶n¬ Xe-`m-KØpamWv
Ø
- pamWv Camw \n¬t°-≠Xv.
H∂n-e-
e-[nIw
[nIw aøn-Øp-Ifps≠-¶n¬ F√m-‰n\pw IqSn Hcp \a-kvImcw
aXn-bm-Ip-∂-XmWv.
Cu aøn- Ø ns‚ KpW- Ø n- ∂ mbn \a- k v I - c n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂
\nø- t ØmsS XIv _ o¿sNm√n ssIsI- ´ pI. tijw ^mØnl
HmXpI. c≠m-aXpw ssI Agn®v XIv_o¿ sNm√n ho≠pw sI´n \-
_n(-k)-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ kzemØv sNm√pI. (kz-em-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ
cq]w AØ-ln-øm-Øn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v)- aq-∂m-asØ XIv_o-dn\p
tijw aøn-Øn\p th≠n {]m¿Yn-°pI. AXn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv.
""A√mlpΩ CKv ^ n¿elp h¿lwlp hB- ^ nlo hAv ^ p
A≥lp hAIv d nw \pkpelp hh-  n- A v aZ- v J - e lq h- K v k n-
¬lq_n¬ amC h¬Pn h¬_¿Zn h\-JvJnlo an\¬ JXzm-bm
Iam bp\-Jvu-_p¬ A_vbfp an\-±-\n hA-_vZn¬lp Zmd≥
ssJd≥ an≥ Zmdnln hlv-e≥ ssJd≥ an≥ Alvenlo hku-P≥
ssJd≥an≥ku-Pnln hA-ZvJn¬lq-¬ P-∂X hJnln ^nXv\X¬
-Iz_vcn hAZm _n∂m-¿.
A√m- l pth, Cu aøn- Ø n\p s]mdpØp sImSp- ° p- I bpw
\akvImcw 72
At±-l-tØmSv Icp-W-Im-Wn-°p-Ibpw At±-lØn\v am∏p \¬Ip-
Ibpw sNtø-Wta, At±-lØns‚ BXn-YysØ BZ-c-n°p-Ibpw
At±-l-Øns‚ {]th-i-\-am¿Kw hnim-e-am-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta.
sh≈w, a™v , Ben- ∏ gw F∂nh sIm≠v At±- l sØ Igp- I p-
Ibpw ip{` hkv { Xw Agp- ° n¬\n∂v ip≤n- b m- ° p∂Xv t]mse
At±- l sØ ip≤- a m- ° p- I bpw sNtø- W ta. At±- l Øn\v Xs‚
hoSn- t \- ° m- f p- Ø - a - a mb `h- \ hpw IpSp- _ - t Ø°mfpØ- a - a mb
IpSpw- _ - s Øbpw CW- t b- ° mƒ DØ- a - a mb CW- t bbpw \o
\¬tI-Wta.Wta. kz¿K-Øn¬ {]th-in-∏n-°p-Ibpw Iz_-dnse ]co-£-
W- ß - f n¬\n∂pw \cI in£- b n¬ \n∂pw At±- l sØ ImØv
c£n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-Wta.
a‰p Nne {]m¿Y-\-Ifpw dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-´p≠v. AXn¬
{][m\ambh C{]- I m- c - a mWv :
A√m- l pΩ CKv ^ n¿enl- ø n\m ha- ø n- Ø n\m him- l n- Z n\m
hKm- C - _ n\m hkz- K o- d n\m hI- _ o-o- d n\m hZ- I - d n\m hD≥km\m.
A√m-lpΩ a≥ AlvbbvXlq-an\m ^A-lvbnln Ae¬ Ckvemw
ha≥ Xh- s s^- X - l p- a n∂m ^X- h - ^ v ^ v l p Ae¬ Cuam≥ A√m-
lpΩ emXplvdnw\m APvdlp hem-X-^vXn∂m _Av-Zlq
""A√m- l pth Rß- f nse Pohn- ® n- c n°p- ∂ - h ¿°pw acn- ® -
h¿°pw lmP-dp-≈-h¿°pw lmP-dn-√m-Ø-h¿°pw sNdn-b-h¿°pw
hen- b - h ¿°pw ]pcp- j \pw kv { Xo°pw \o s]mdpØp sImSp- t °-
Wta. A√m- l pth, Rß- f n¬ Bscms° Pohn- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ pthm
Ahscsb√mw Ckv e m- a n¬ Xs∂ Pohn- ∏ n- t °- W sa. Rß- f n¬
acWw ]qIp-∂hsc
∂hsc hnizm-ktØmsS acn-∏n- ∏n-t°- Wta.
Wta. A√m-lpth
Cu ({]-h¿Ø-\- \-Øns‚)
Øns‚) {]-Xn-^ew
^ew R߃°v XS-b-cptX. CXn∂p
tijw Rßsf \o ]co-£n-°-cp-tX. (-ap-kvenw)
\mem- a sØ XIv _ o- d n\p tijw.
""A√m-lpΩ emXp-l¿dnw\m APvdlp hem-X-^vXn∂m _A-
Zlp hKv^n¿ e\m he-lq.
\akvImcw 73
""A√m- l pth CXns‚ {]Xn- ^ ew R߃°v XS- b - c ptX.
tijw Rßsf ITn\ ]co- £ - W - ß ƒ°v hnt[b- a m- ° - c ptX. ptX.
R߃°pw Cbmƒ°pw s]mdpØp Xtc- W ta'', F∂p ]d- b pI.
CXn\v tijw kemw ho´pI. "A-em-ap-A-sse°pw hd-lva-Øp-
√mln' F∂p ]d™v sIm≠v he-Xp-`m-KtØ°v apJw Xncn®v Cu
\a- k v I m- c - Ø n¬ \n∂p hnc- a n- ° pI.
EW _m[n- X ∂p Abm- f psS ISw Bsc- ¶ nepw Gs‰- S p- ° p-
thmfw \_n (k) \a-kvI-cn-®n-´n√. F∂m¬ a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv \a-kvI-
cn®p sIm≈m≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. (A-lva-Zv,- Xp¿ap-Zn)
Bfl-lXy sNbvX-h¿°v \_(-k)-\-a-kvI-cn-®n-n-´n√ (ap-kvenw).
bp≤-Øn¬ ilo-Zm-b-h¿°v \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-Xn√ F∂Xv {]kn-
≤-am-Wt√m.
{]Xn- I mc \S- ] - S n- b n¬ sIm√- s ∏- ´ - h ¿°v \_n(- k )- \- a - k v I -
cn®p (ap-kv
kvenw). aønØp \a-kvImcw Fhn-sS-sh®pw \n¿∆-ln°mw.
aønØv ]≈n-bn¬ Ib-‰p-∂Xpw Ahn-sS-sh®v \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂Xpw
A\p- h - Z n- ® n- ´ p≠v (ap- k v e nw). - k v { Xo- I ƒ°pw aønØv \a-k v I mcw
\n¿∆-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
AZr-iy aøn-Øn\v th≠n \a-kvImcw
A_q-lpdbvd-bn¬ \n∂p-≤-cn-°p∂p: \÷minbpsS ac-W-hr-
Øm¥w At±lw Znhw-K-X-\mb (A-t∂)-Zn-hkw Xs∂ \_n(-k)
P\ß-sf A-dn-bn®p.
bn®p. F∂n´v \_n (k) \a-kv kv°n-°m- s\m-
s\m-cpßn.
cpßn. P\-
ßsf AWn-\n¿Øn \mep XIv_o-dp-I-fp≈ (a-øn-Øv)-\-a-kvImcw
\n¿∆-ln®p. (_p-Jm-cn, -ap-kvenw)
{]hm- N I injy≥am¿ a°- b n¬ \n∂v A`- b m¿Yn- I - f mbn
FØn-b-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v ]q¿W A`-bhpw hºn® klm-b-ßfpw
sNbv X p sImSpØv Ckv e m- a ns\ Ipdn®v a\-  n- e m- ° n- b - t ∏mƒ
apkven-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX FtXym-]y≥ (l-_vi)-cm-Pm-hmbn-cp∂p
\÷min (t\- K - k v ) . \_n(- k )- A- t ±- l sØ I≠n- ´ n√. FtXym- ] y-
bn¬ sh®p ac-W-a-S™ A∂p Xs∂ \_n(-k)- Znhyktµ-i-Øn-
eqsS hnh-c-a-dn™p. At±-l-Øn-∂mbn AhnsS Bcpw aønØv \a-
kvImcw \n¿∆-ln-®n-´n-√m-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬ \_n(-k) P\ßsf
kwL-Sn-∏n®p AZy-iy-a-øn-Øn\mbn \a-kvI-cn-®p. Cu kw`-h-amWv
AZriy aøn-Øn\p adp\m-Sp-I-fn-ep-≈h¿ \a-kvI-cn-®-Xn-\p≈ GI
{]amWw.
\_n(- k ) \ncym- \ m- I p- ∂ Xn- \ n- S - b n¬ \nc- h [n klm- _ n- I ƒ
\akvImcw 74 \akvImcw
75

apkvenw-I-fn¬s∏-´-h¿ ]e kw`-h-ß-fnepw ]e-bn-S-Øp-sh®pw ]e cm{Xn- b n¬ Iz_v - d - S °w \S∂ Hc≥km- c n- I p- ´ n- b psS Iz_v -

ImcWßfm¬ ac- W - a - S - ™ n- ´ p≠v . F∂m¬ Ah- c n¬ B¿s°- dn≥taepw \_n(-k)-C-{]-Imcw \a-kvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. (-_p-Jm-cn)
¶nepw th≠n Ahn-Sp∂p aønØv \a-kvIcn-®n´n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn- Cu {]am-W-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ J_-d-S°w sNø-s∏´
\m¬ Camw A_ql\o^, amenIv t]mse-bp-ff \nc-h[n ]WvUn- tijw B Iz_v d n≥ta¬ sh®v B hy‡n°v th≠n AhnsS
X≥am¿ \_n(-k) bpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-fn¬s∏´ kw`-h-am-Wn-sX-∂- FØn tN¿∂- h ¿°v aønØv \akv I mcw \n¿∆- l n- ° m- h p- ∂ -
Xn-\m¬ a‰p \mSp-I-fnse√mw C{]-Imcw \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ hn[n-bn- XmsW∂v a\-n-em°mw. CsX-t∏m-sg√mw BIm-sa∂ Ime-]-cn-[n-
s√∂p ]d- b p- ∂ p. sb°pdn-®p≈ ]WvUnX N¿®-bn¬ AsX-t∏mgpw BIm-sa∂ \nK-
CsXmcp {]tXyI kw`-h-am-sW-∂-Xn\p a‰p sXfn-hp-I-fn-√m- a-\-amWv icn-sb∂p tXm∂p∂p. (kp_vep--emw)
Ø-Xn-\m¬ Hcp s]mXp \nb-a-sa∂ \ne°v ÿeØn-√m-Ø- GXp
aøn- Ø n∂mbpw \a- k v I - c n- ° ¬ hntcm- [ - a n- s √∂p im^nCubpw
AlvaZn(-d)s‚ GXm\pw injy≥amcpw ]d-bp-∂p.
Cu c≠p hmZ- K - X n- I fpw kq£v a ]cn- t im- [ - \ \S- Ø nb
]Wv U n- X ≥am¿, Bcpw aøn- Ø v \a- k v I mcw \n¿∆- l n- ® n- ´ n- √ mØ
aøn-Øn\v th≠n \a-kvI-cn-°m-sa∂pw Bsc-¶nepw \n¿∆-ln-®n-´p-
s≠- ¶ n¬ Bh- i y- a n- s √∂pw {]kv X m- h n- ® n- c n- ° p∂p (Camw
Alv a Zp_v \ p lw_¬, ssi- J p¬ Ckv e mw C_v \ p- s sX- a nb, C-
_v \ p¬ Jønw apX- e m- b - h ¿). {]kn- ≤ - c mb alm- fl m- ° ƒ°v
th≠nbmsW-¶n¬ \a-kvI-cn-°m-sa∂v Camw Alva-Zn¬ \n∂p≈
as‰mcp dnt∏m¿´nepw ImWp∂p.
Npcp-°-Øn¬ ÿe-Øp-\n-∂v lmP-dn-√mØ aøn-Øn\v th≠n
Hc-\p-h-Z-\ob Imcyw F∂ \ne-bn¬ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hntcm-
[-an-√. (-Dw-ZØp¬ AlvImw)

Iz_v-dn≥ta¬ \a-kvImcw
aZo\m akvPnZv ASn-®p-hm-cn-bn-cp∂ (D-Ωp-an-lv-P≥) Hcp km[p
kv{Xo \_n(-k) bm{X-t]mb Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S™p. \_n(-
k)-Xn-cn-s®Øn B kv{Xosb- klm-_n-I-tfmSv A-t\z-jn®p. ac-W-
a- S - ™ t√m F∂- h ¿ adp- ] Sn \¬In. {]hm- N - I ≥ tNmZn®p. \nß-
sfs∂ _p≤nap´n- ° p- I - b mtWm. Ah- c psS Iz_v ¿ F\n°v
Im´nØcq. (B-fp-Iƒ C°mcyw Kuc-h-Ønse-Sp-°msX \_nsb
Adn-bn-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv icn-bm-bn√ F∂p kmcw). Iz_v¿ ImWn®p
sImSp-Ø-t∏mƒ \_n(-k) Iz_dn≥ta¬ \n∂v sIm≠v aønØv \a-
kvImcw \n¿∆-ln®p. (_p-Jmcn, ap-kvenw)
\_n(- k )- a - ° - b n- e m- b n- c p- ∂ - t ∏mƒ Hc- h - k - c - Ø n¬ _¿dm- A v -
_n\p aAv - a q¿(d)- F ∂ kzlm_n aZo\bn¬ acWaS™p. Hcp
amk-Øn\v
Øn\v tijw aZo-\- \-bn¬
bn¬ Xncn-s®-Ønb \_n(-k)- hn-h-c-a-dn-™-
t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Iz_v-dn≥ta¬ sh®pw aønØp \a-kvImcw
\n¿∆- l n®p.
\akvImcw 76
A \ p _ ‘ w
{]m¿Y\Iƒ
\a-kvIm-c-Ønse hnhn[ Ne-\-ß-fn¬ A\n-hm-
hm-cy-amb {]m¿Y-
\Iƒ am{Xsa \mw hnh-cn®n´p≈p. \_n(k) \akvImcØn¬ ta¬
hnhcn®h°p ]pdta IqSqXembn ]et∏mgpw {]m¿Yn®n´p≈Xn¬ a‰p
NneXv IqSn Cu A\p_‘Øn¬ tN¿Øncn°p∂p. Bhiyap≈h¿
Ah ]Tn°pIbpw
]Tn°pIbpw kmcw
kmcw a\ 
- n- em°n
em°n sNm√p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xm-m-Wv.
XIv_o-d-Øp¬ Clvdm-an\p tijw
A√mlp AIv _ ¿ I_odm (3- X - h - W ) h¬lw- Z p- e n- √ mln
Ikodm (3 Xh- W ) hkp- _ v l m\√m- l n- _ p- I d- dv - Ø ≥ hA- k zoem
(aq∂p Xh-W)W) A-Du-Zp-_n-√m-ln-an\ ssiXzm-\n-an≥ \^vJnln h\-
^vknln hlw-kn-ln.
A√mlp AXyp- ∂ - X ≥. alm≥ ......- k ¿∆- k v X pXn KoX- ß fpw
Ah∂v .......... {]m`m-X-{]-tZm-j-ß-fnse√mw Ah≥Xs∂ ]c-a-]-cn-
ip-≤≥ ........-]n-im-Nns‚ Zp¿a{¥W-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ahs‚ sIWn-
bn¬ \n∂pw Ahs‚ IpØ- p I- f n¬\n∂pw A√m- l p- h n¬ Rm≥
ic-WwtXSp-∂p. (apkvenw, A-lva-Zv-, A_qZmhqZv, C_v\p-am-P)
(h- ÷ - l v X p- h - P v l nb en√Zo ^Ø- d -  - a m- h mØn h¬- A ¿fz
l\o-^≥ ap-kven-a≥ ham A\-an-\¬ apivcn-Io≥. C∂ kzemØo
h\p-kpIo ha-lvbmb ha-amØo en√mln d∫n¬ Be-ao≥ emi-
co-I-elp h_n-Zm-en° Dan¿Øp hA-\-an-\¬ apkven-ao≥
\akvImcw 77
"EPp- a m- \ - k \pw A\p- k - c W hnt[- b - \ p- a mbn BImi `qan-
Isf krjv S n- ® - h - \ n- t e°v Rm\nXm Fs‚ hZ- \ sØ Xncn- ® n- c n-
°p∂p. Rm≥ _lp- s sZh hnizm- k n- I - f n¬s∏´- h - \ √. \n›bw
Fs‚ \a-kvIm-chpw Fs‚ hgn-]mSpw (F-¥n-t\-sd) Fs‚ Pohn-
Xhpw ac-W-hp-sa√mw temI ]cn-]m-e-I-\mb A√m-lp-hn-∂m-Ip∂p.
Ah\p ]¶p- I m- c n- s √- ∂ p≈Xv Ft∂mSv I¬∏n- ° - s ∏- ´ n- c n- ° p∂p.
Rm≥ apkvenw-I-fn¬ s]´-h-\m-Ip-∂p.
dpIq-C¬
A√m- l pΩ eI dIAv Ø p h_nI Ba- ≥ Xp heI
Akv e wXp Ji AeI kwDu h_- k zdo hap- J v J n- h - A - f ao hA-
kz_o ha-kvX-J-√Xv _nlo IzZ-aø en√mln d∫n¬ Be-ao≥
"A√m-lpth, \n\-°p-th≠n Rm≥ Ip\n-™n-cn-°p- °p-∂p. Rm≥
\n∂n¬ hniz- k n- ® p, \n\°v Iosgm- X pßn, Fs‚ ImXpw Fs‚
IÆpw Fs‚ a÷bpw Fs‚ F√pw Fs‚ \mUnbpw \n\°v
`‡n-tbmsS Xmgva sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Fs‚ Ime-Sn-Iƒ Npa-∂n-cn-
°p-∂Xv (Fs‚ icocw) ap-gp-h≥ temI-c£n-Xm-hmb A√m-lp-hn-
∂p-≈-Xm-Wv)
CAv-Xn-Zm-en¬
kp_v_qlp≥ JpZvZqkp≥ d∫p¬ aem-C-°Øn h¿dqlv
"alm ]c-a-]-cn-ip-≤-\√mlp. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s‚bpw amem-J-
am-cp-sSbpw \mY≥' (apkvenw A_q-Zm-hq-Zv,- \-km-Cu)
dqIq- C ∂p tij- a p≈ Cu \ndp- Ø - Ø n¬ Xmsg ]d- b p∂h
IqSn {]m¿Yn°mw.
Alvep--\mC h¬aPvZn AlIzp-am-Izm-e¬ A_vZp hIp-√p-
\m eI A_vZp≥ emam-\n- \n-A-enam AAv-ssXzX hem apAvXznb enam-
a-\-Av-X-h-em-b≥^D Z¬P±n an≥I¬P±v.
\akvImcw 78
""kXp-Xn°pw al-Xz-Øn\pw A¿l-\mbht\ ASn-bm≥ ]d-
™-Xn¬ Gd-dhpw A¿l-am-bn-´p-≈Xv ˛R-ß-sf√mw \ns‚ ASn-bm- bm-
∑mcm-Ip∂p. \o \¬In-bXv apS-°p-∂-h-\n√. \o apS-°n-bXv \¬Ip-
∂-h-\n√ kº-Øp-≈-h¿°v \ns‚ ASp-°¬ B kºØv D]-Im-
c-s∏-Sp-I-bn√.''
kpPq-Zp-I-fn¬
kpPq-Zn¬ \nc-h[n {]m¿Y-\-Iƒ {]hm-N-I≥ \S-Øn-bn-cp∂p.
Ah-bn¬ NneXv:
A√m- l pΩ eI kPØp h_nI Ba≥Øp he- I - A -
kvewØp kP-Z-h-P-vlnb en√Zo Je-Izlp hkz-∆-dlp ^A-lvk\
kzphdlp hi°z kwAlp h_kzdlp ^X- _ m- d - I - √ mlp
Alvk-\¬ Jmen-Izo≥.
""A√m- l pth Rm≥ \n\°v {]Wmaw sNbv X n- c n- ° p∂p.
\n∂n¬ hniz- k n- ® n- c n- ° p∂p. Rm≥ \n\°v Iosgm- X p- ß n- b n- c n-
°p∂p. Fs‚ apJw AXns\ krjv S n- ° p- I bpw AXn\p cq]w
\¬Ip-Ibpw AXns‚ tIƒhnbpw ImgvNbpw Iodn D≠m-°p-Ibpw
sNbv X - h ∂p {]Wmaw sNbv X n- c n- ° p∂p. krjv S n I¿Øm- ° - f n¬
DØ- a - \ mb A√mlp A\p- { Kl ]q¿Æ≥.'
]q¿Æ≥.'''
A√m-lpΩ CKv^n¿ eo Z≥_o Ip√lp ZnJvJlp hPp-√lp
A∆- e lp hB- J n- d lp hA- e m- \ n- ø - X lp hkn¿dlp
\akvImcw
79
A√m- l pth, Fs‚ ]m]- ß - ƒ sNdpXpw hepXpw BZy-
tØXpw Ah- k m- \ - t ØXpw cl- k yhpw ]c- k yhpw F√mw
s]mdpØp Xtc-W-ta. (-ap-kvenw)
\a-kvImc tijw
emC-eml C√-√mlp hlvZlp emi-co-I-elq elp¬ ap¬Ip
he- l p¬lwZp hlph Aem Ip√n ssiC≥ IzZo¿. hem- l ue
hem- J p- ∆ Ø C√m- _ n- √ mlv . emC- e ml C√√mlv hem- \ - A - _ pZp
C√m Cømlp elp ∂nAv - a Xp he- l p¬ ^fv e p he- l p-  - \ m- D ¬
lk≥. emC-em-l-C-√-√mlv apJn-en-ko\ elp-±o≥ heu Icn-l¬
Im^n-dq≥.
A√mlp am{X-a√msX Bcm-[y-t\bn√. Ah¿- G-I-\m-Ip∂p.
Ah\p ]¶p- I m- c - \ n√. Ah- ∂ mWv cmPXzw. Ah- ∂ mWv F√m
kvXpXnbpw. Ah≥ F√m-Øn\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-Ip∂p. AXyp-∂-
X\pw al- X z- t a- d n- b - h - \ p- a mb A√m- l p- h ns\ sIm≠- √ msX
i‡ntbm am‰tam C√. \mw Ah- s \- b - √ msX Bcm- [ n- ° p- Ibn√. b
- n√.
Ah- ∂ mWv A\p- { K- l hpw t{ijv T - X bpw. DØ- a - a mb {]Io¿Ø-
\hpw Ah- \ p- ≈ - X mWv . A√mlp A√msX Bcm- [ y- t \- b n√. \mw
Ah\v \njvI-f-¶-amb hW°w A¿∏n-°p-∂-h-cmIp∂p. Ahn-izm
kn-Iƒ CXv \nc-kn-®mepw icn.''
"A√m- l pΩ AC∂o Aem ZnIv d nI hip- I v d nI hlpkv \ n
C_m-ZXnI'
""A√m- l pth \ns∂ kZm Hm¿°m\pw \n\°v \µn ImWn-
°m\pw \ns∂ \√-\n-e-bn¬ Bcm-[n-°m\pw Fs∂ klm-bn-t°-
Wta.' Chbv°v ]pdta kqd-Øp¬ _J-d-bnse 255mw hN\w (B-
\akvImcw \akvImcw
80 81

b-Øp¬ Ip¿kn) \_n(-k) sNm√m-dp≠v F∂pw lZo-kp-I-fn-ep≠v.

kp_v l v , aKv c n_v \a- k v I mcm\- ¥ - c - a m- s W- ¶ n¬ aq∂p {]mhiyw
hoXw kqd CJv e mkpw apA- ∆ - Z - s sX- \ n- b pw (hn- i p- ≤ - I zp¿-B ≥:
112,113,114 A≤ym-b-߃ )A-hn-Sp∂v HmXm-dp≠v. (Xp¿apZn, \kmCu
A_q-Zm-hq-Zv) a‰p-\-a-kvIm-c-߃°v tijw Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw.