-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 13 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Q. 1.éÌEo ÇKdÆ‘ •Ææ’q-©Â°j ÉC äÍé Åéπ~®Ωç, È®çúø’ ¨¡¶«l-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Å™«Íí

picket
ÅE Öçô’çC. È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ Åéπ~-®√©’ äÍé ¨¡¶«lEo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.
DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Å™«Íí '≠æ— ¨¡¶«l-EéÀ tion, ssion, shun É™« ÉEo
2. English ™ °æü∆© ÆæÈ®j† spellings ´≤ƒh®·.
pronunciation phonetics Puff - rough (ff = gh = °∂ˇ)
(IPA) ü∆y®√ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊ç- Though (Ééπ\úø gh éÀ N©’-´-™‰ü¿’)– É™« °æü¿l¥A
ô’Ø√oç éπü∆? ´’J Åçô÷ ™‰E spelling, pronunciation ´©x,
English is not a phonetic English, unphonetic.
language
áçü¿’-éπç-ö«®Ω’? 3. îËߪ’-´îª’a
3. Hello, Good morning one and all ÅE äéπ
4. Sister concern/ company
group of members †’ wish îËߪ’-´î√a?
Åçõ‰ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé
company,
ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç éÀçü¿ Ö†o äéπ ÅüË ßª÷ï- Q. 1. Think = Ç™-*ç-îªúøç,suppose A. 1. Think = Ç™-*ç-îªúøç/ ņ’-éÓ-´úøç – È®çúø-®√n©÷ ÖØ√o®·.
4. Sister concern company Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
company sister con-
´÷†uç éÀçü¿ Ö†o ÉçéÓ éÀ = I think
ņ’-éÓ-´úøç ÅØ√o®Ω’. ´’J 'ņ’-éÓ-´úøç— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ think = suppose. I think so =
á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? cern (company). concern = company he is watching the T.V. ؈™« ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Think about it = ü∆Eo í∫’Jç*
5. Glad to see you- So am I... Ééπ\úø So am I Åçõ‰
¢√éπuç™
5. Glad to see you =
At college
E†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ 'ņ’-èπ◊çö«— ÅØ√o®Ω’. N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ.
Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o. 2. What does the glass contain?/ 2. Both are correct.
3. I was at college - correct.≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ standard English ™
So am I
So am I = Å™«Íí (so) am I = ؈÷ (ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬) What's there in that glass
ØË-†’college ™ ÖØ√o ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ I was in the college
ÖØ√o. = (Ç í¬xÆˇ™ à´·çC?) ÅØ√o®Ω’. Å®·ûË ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ.
6. Nerd = 3. I was at college (™ ÖØ√o†’). There are 1800 students in the college = College ™
6. The nerd Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? 1) / Old fash-
´‚®Ω’^úø’ DEo I was in college í¬ ®√-ßÁ·î√a? îªC-¢Ë-¢√∞¡Ÿx 1800 ÅE.
7. Sale, Sell Å®Ωnç, ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. ioned/ bore - N.Suguna Santhi, Vizag I studied at that college = ؈’ college ™ îªC-¢√†’.
- M.Navitha, Nalgonda 2) computers ™ ÇÆæéÀh
A. 1. Picket is the name of an area in ¶«í¬ Ö†o-¢√úø’. Q. äéπ Ççí∫x C†-°æ-vA-éπ™ ´*a† ¢√®Ωh-™E ´÷ô- A. You are right. Thankful = üË´¤-úÕ °æôx éπ%ûªïcûª†’
Hyderbad, just as Koti, Sultan Bazar are. 7. Sale = Å´’téπç; ©†’ Ééπ\úø v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. "All I can say is ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç. ´÷†-´¤© °æôx éπ%ûª-ïc-ûªèπ◊ grate-
that I have full faith in the Judiciary. I am ful to somebody Åçö«ç, Å™«ØË ÅØ√L. üË´¤-úÕ-Èéj-ûËØË,
RTC bus Picket
O’ü¿ ÅE Öçõ‰ Åéπ\-úÕéÀ Sell= Å´’túøç.
(Picket bus
ÅØË v°æüË-¨»-EéÀ) ¢Á∞Ïx. ÅE M.SURESAN thankful to the people of the country..." Thankful Åçö«ç, Å™« Åçõ‰ î√©’. Thankful to
I am grateful to the people of God ÅE
Å®·ûË Picket ÅØË English ´÷ôèπ◊ Å®Ωnç,
grateful
Ééπ\úø
the country ÅØ√L éπü∆? I am thankful ņ-éπ\-Í®xü¿’
strike (Ææ¢Á’t) îËÆæ’h†o é¬Jt-èπ◊©’, á´JF facto-
No reference is
ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úÕ-†ô’x? èπÿú≈.
ry, company ™EéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈ Åúø’f-éÓ-´úøç.
áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Thankful Åçõ‰ØË üË´¤-úÕÍé ÅE. I am
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 408
made to divine beings éπü∆? Å™«
2. IPA ™‰èπ◊çú≈, English ™E letters of alphabet èπÿú≈ Å-ØÌî√a? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Thankful I have such good parents = Ø√éπ-™«çöÀ
(a, b, c, ... z) èπÿ ÅN ûÁLÊ° ¨¡¶«l-©èπÿ Ææç•çüµ¿ç - P.Arun Prasad, Vizag ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ üË´¤-úÕéÀ
™‰†ç-ü¿’-´©x, English spelling is

May I now r equest .. to ..

éπ%ûª-VcúÕE/ éπ%ûª-Vc-®√-©†’. (í∫´’-
unphonetic Åçö«ç. C E éÌEo-îÓôx, Eç-îªçúÕ: Thankful ´÷vûª¢Ë’.
éπ, éÌEo-îÓôx 'Ææ—í¬†÷ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Thankful to God é¬ü¿’.)

Q. -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ -Ñ Ææç-üË£æ…-©-†’ -B®Ωaí∫-©®Ω’.
Have ¢√úË Nüµ∆©’: 1) Have=

1) Ææçû√-°æ-Ææ-¶µº†’ English ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? possess=own= éπLT Öçúøôç
Condolence meeting ÅØÌî√a?
I, We, They ÉN, You singular ™« ™‰ü∆ 5) May I now request Sri .... to come up the dais (Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ am having/ is having/ are having
2) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ *£æ«oç Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ Plurals? and take his/ her seat. ¢√úøç).
3) Functions Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ
Direct, Indirect speech í∫’Jç* *†o ņ’- 6) We are grateful to them all for sparing their 2) Have= A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç (am having/ is having/
Ææç•ç-Cµç* English ™ ᙫ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? ´÷†ç. eg: He asked "Have you seen her valuable time to us. are having Ñ Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç).

' ¢ËC-éπ-†-©ç-éπ-Jç-*† °ü¿l-©èπ◊, Æ涵ºèπ◊ NîËa-Æœ† anywhere?" Åûªúø’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’, ' F´¤ Ç¢Á’-ØÁ-éπ\- 7) Our heartfelt condolences to the bereaved 3) Present perfect, past perfect tenses ™ verb
ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊, vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©èπ◊, Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ Ø√ £æ«%ü¿-ߪ’- úÁjØ√ îª÷¨»¢√?——. DEE He asked me if family. The late ---- (Name of the dead per- ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, v°æûËuéπ Å®Ωnç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Auxil-
(whether) I had seen her anywhere, son) was closely associated with this institu- iary/ helping verb í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.

°æ‹-®Ωyéπ †´’-≤ƒ\-®√©’——
4) ' áçûª busy í¬ ÖØ√o èπÿú≈ °œ©-´-í¬ØË NîËa-Æœ-
†ç-ü¿’èπ◊, ´’´’tLo ´’Eoç* Æ涵ºèπ◊ ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊
áçûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√oç. ¢√JéÀ ¶µºí∫-´ç-ûª’úÕ éπö«éπ~ç
Ææü∆ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç——
5) ' ... ¢√-J-E -¢Ë-Céπ-†-©çéπ-Jç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬ éÓ®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√oç——
6) ' ¢√®Ω’ Éçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ ûª´’ Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo ´÷ûÓ °æç-
èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷èπ◊ áçûÓ Ç†ç-ü¿çí¬ ÖçC——
7) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ/ Ææçû√-°æ-Ææ-¶µº™x ¢Ë®Ω’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’. ¢√J
èπ◊ô’ç-¶«-EéÀ ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ îªE-§Ú-®·† ´uéÀhéÀ
´’†ûÓ/ ´’†èπ◊ ¢√JûÓ Ö†o ņ’-•çüµ¿ç í∫’Jç* ÆætJ-
≤ƒhç-éπü∆! -Å°æ¤p-úø’ -á-™« -´÷-ö«x-ú≈-L? OöÀ -í∫’-Jç* à-eg: I. He said "I am very happy."' DEéÀ He
¢ÁjØ√ books üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√ߪ÷? ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
8) Letter Writing Books á´-JN BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L?
9) O’®Ω’ having A†-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* ¢√ú≈©Ø√o®Ω’.
é¬E ã lesson ™ (1) Having lost his parents in
his childhood, parental love is new to them.
(2) Having made the mistake repentance III. He asked me "why are you happy?". DEE
filled him. (3) Having seen his mother after a
long time was a great joy for him. (4) Having
been elected unanimously, he felt very happy.
4 ÆæJ-ßÁi’-†-ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’. Having phrase Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
Have †’ áEo-®Ω-é¬-©’í¬ ¢√úÌa?

M.L.A./ M.P. © ´·çü¿’ à article †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- A. 1) Ææçû√-°æ-Æ涵º = Condolence Meeting
Tç-î√L. °æ‹Jh ÅvG-¢Ë-≠æ-Ø˛†’ îÁGûË The Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- 2) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ *£æ«oç = Memorial.
Tç-î√™«? Åçõ‰ The Member of Parliament/ 3) My hearty welcome to the distinguished peo-
The Member of Legislative Assembly ?

Councillor èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ article àC ®√¢√L?

Nobody/ anybody ûª®√yûª has/ have àC
´Ææ’hçC? Singular or plural? Verb àC?

He, She, It ©’ III person singular ™«? ™‰ü∆
II person ™«?
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-Å-A-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ -Ç£æ…y-†ç ..
If (whether) tion and helped the institution to grow. We 4) Having seen/ Having gone ™«çöÀ expressions
Éçü¿’™ ©’ áçü¿’-éÌ-≤ƒh®·?
remember with ™ èπÿú≈, have ÅØËC participle ™ ¶µ«í∫¢Ë’,
gratitude his/ her
îª÷Æœ/ îª÷Æœç-ûª-®√yûª/ îª÷úø-ôç-´©x ÅØË Å®√n-©ûÓ.
contribution to the Having gone èπ◊ èπÿú≈ É™«çöÀ Å®√n™‰ ´≤ƒh®·.
institution. May

MLA, MP © ´·çü¿’ an ¢√úøû√ç, a é¬ü¿’
his/ her soul rest in
(MLA, MP = áç.ᙸ.á., áç.°œ. éπü∆? Å Ç

äéπ Book ™ D & Ind speech í∫’Jç* îªC- peace. English for various occa-
É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ É Ñ á à â ä ã ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’u
¢√†’. ü∆E™ 4 types °æJ-Q-Lç-î√-©-Ø√o®Ω’. 1. sions books
ûÓ Öçö«®·. îª÷úøçúÕ. English ´÷ô-©-´·çü¿’ an ¢√úøû√ç).
Statements (2) Yes/ No Questions (3) Wh 8) Letter Writing èπ◊ English Grammar & Composition

Nobody/ Anybody III person singular (He/
& How Questions (4) to infinitives O’ü¿ à standard book Å®·Ø√ °∂æ®√y™‰ü¿’. she) has
鬕öÀd ¢√úøû√ç ¢√öÀ ûª®√yûª. °æ‹Jhí¬
(Command & Request)
í∫’Jç* Éî√a®Ω’. 9) Having ¢√úøèπÿúø-ü¿E îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ à lesson ™ general sense
Å®·ûË, a
™ ¢√úÕûË, ´Ææ’hçC.
èπÿú≈. Am having/ is having/ are having- Ñ MLA, MP The
Said that he was very happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. expressions èπ◊ éπLT Öçúøôç (possession) ÅØË
°∂晫Ø√
A/ An or The
°∂晫Ø√ Åçõ‰
lessons
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬© éÓÆæç §ƒûª
´Ææ’hçC.
II. He asked me "Are you happy?". DEE He Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. A/ The Councillor.
îª÷úøçúÕ.
asked me if I was happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Ééπ\úø If éπLT Öçúøôç (äéπ-JéÀ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ ÖçC ÅØË Å®Ωnç) Person Singular Plural
áçü¿’èπ◊? He asked me •ü¿’©’ He told/ said ®√ü¿’. Having lost his parents- É™«çöÀ expres- I I We
me he was happy ÅØÌî√a? sions ™ having, verb form ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Ñ hav-
II You You
ing èπÿ, éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ´îËa have èπÿ
(†’´¤y) (O’®Ω’)
III He, She, it They
He asked me why I was happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ØË-™‰ü¿’. Having lost his parents= ûªLx-

You
ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ plural verb ¢√úøû√ç.
IV. He said to me "Buy a Computer". DEE He ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ éÓ™p-´úøç ´©x– É™«çöÀ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
told me, to buy a computer. OöÀ í∫’Jç* 1) Statement
†’ direct †’ç* indirect èπ◊ ´÷JÊÆh,
Å™«Íí have gone/ has seen/ had done ™«çöÀ
Åçõ‰ speech © í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. quotations
BÊÆÆœ that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.
expressions ™ have/ has/ had èπÿ éπLT
– -äéπ -§ƒ®∏Ω π◊®√-©’, éπ®Ω÷o-©’ ->-™«x. Öçúøôç ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa have/ has/ had èπÿ 2) Wh questions †’ Indirect ™éÀ ´÷JÊÆh quota-
tions BÊÆÆœ 'Wh' word ûÓØË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Ééπ\úø
Ææç•çüµ¿ç à´÷vûªç ™‰ü¿’. Having gone, has
asked ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Tell ®√ü¿’.
done etc ™ have, has ©’ verb forms ´÷vûª¢Ë’–
§ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊-©’ -ÉC í∫´’-Eç-î√L. 3) Non Wh questions Å®·ûË, quotations BÊÆÆœ,
Whether/ if ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Ééπ\úø asked
ple on the dais, the other guests, the audi-
Having done his duty, he went home for
ence and the other invitees. rest = ûª† duty °æ‹Jh-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊E/ °æ‹®Ωh-´-úøçûÓ
´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC– Tell ®√ü¿’.
4) Buy a Computer- ÉC imperative sentence
4) We are extremely happy to have amidst us, Åûªúø’ Nv¨»çA éÓÆæç ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«}úø’.
Sri ...... , who inspite of their being busy have
Having seen it, I understand why people
(Åúø-í∫úøç/ Çñ«c-°œç-îªúøç, etc). É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx tell/ ask
are talking like that = ؈C îª÷úø-ôç-´©x
taken the time off to be here this evening.
àü¿-®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa. Éçé¬ N´-®√©’ 鬴-LÊÆh §ƒûª
May god shower his blessings on them! Ø√éπ-®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûÓçC Åçü¿®Ω÷ áçü¿’-éπ™« Åçô’Ø√o®Ó. lessons îª÷úøçúÕ.