-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 8 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

v°æ¨¡o: dear sir/ dear madam ™«çöÀ Ææç¶-üµ¿-†©’ ¢√úÕ-†-

1. President Ms Prathiba °æ¤púø’ Yours truly, ÅE ®√Æœ Ææçûªéπç °úøû√ç.
Patil said here on Å®·ûË ÉC American usage ™ áèπ◊\´.
Monday that her Govt. Yours faithfully (O’ N¨»yÆ槃-vûª’-úÁj†). ÉC
hopes that the agree- ´·êuçí¬ official letters ´·Tç°æ¤-™ ¢√úË sub-
ment becomes possible. scription. v°æ¶µº’-û√y-Cµ-é¬-®Ω’-©èπ◊, °j ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’-©èπ◊, offi-
Ñ ¢√éπuç™ v°æA-¶µ«-§ƒ-öÀ™¸ cial í¬ ´’†-éπçõ‰ superior status ™ Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊
Ê°®Ω’ ´·çü¿’ Mrs ¢√ú≈L ®√ÊÆ Öûªh-®√™x ¢√úË subscription. sir/ madam
éπü∆ Ms áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√ú≈®Ó N´- ÅE Ææç¶-CµçîË letters èπ◊ ÉC ¢√úøû√ç. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ
Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. DE •ü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ yours truly ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’,
2. Yours truly, Yours sincerely, Yours obediently, ´·êuçí¬ American usage ™.
Yours affectionately, Yours faithfully, Yours Yours sincerely ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ûÁLÆœ† ¢√∞¡x†’ mr/ Öûªh-®√™x ¢√úË subscription. Åûªuçûª ÆæEo-£œ«-ûª’-™„j† Ææ®Ωç.
lovingly ¢Á·ü¿-™„j† ¢√öÀéÀ Å®√nEo, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ûÁL-ߪ’- mrs/ miss/ X/ X-´’-A – -O-öÀûÓ ¢√∞¡x -Ê°- ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’, ņo-ü¿-´·t©’, Åéπ\-îÁ-™„x∞¡Ÿx, ¶µ«®√u-¶µº-®Ωh©’, 4) Phrase a group of words without a verb.
Åçõ‰
ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. ®Ω’ûÓ Ææç-¶-Cµç-*-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’† friends èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ-ô- Ç°æhN’vûª’©’ ™«çöÀ ¢√∞¡xèπ◊, yours lovingly/ with In response to your letter (O’ Öûªh-®√-EéÀ Ææpçü¿-
3. Letters ™ Thanking you, ûª®√yûª 鬴÷ ( , ) °æ¤púø’ yours sincerely, ÅE ®√≤ƒhç. American love/ love ÅE ®√≤ƒhç. (Lots of love ÅE èπÿú≈ †í¬)– ÉC phrase èπ◊ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù, áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ ÉC
áçü¿’èπ◊ °ö«d™ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. usage Å®·ûË sincerely yours, (Å®Ωnç: O’ †´’t- Åçö«ç) verb ™‰E group of words. outside the
Å™«Íí
4. Idioms èπ◊ Phrases èπ◊ ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ? é¬-EéÀ §ƒvûª’-úÁj†) ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ Öûªh-®√-©†’ Dear friend/ class hours Phrase
èπÿú≈. phrase
Å®Ωnç, ™E NúÕ
My dear friend -Å-E -v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-úøç Ææ-Jé¬-ü¿’. My
-ï-¢√-•’: 1. °∞Îkx† Æ‘Yߪ÷ é¬ü∆ ÅE ÆæçüË-£æ«çí¬ Ö†o-
–°œ.X-E-¢√-Ææ-®√´¤,°œ®∏√-°æ¤®Ωç ´÷ô© Å®√nEo •öÀd ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. ü∆E ¢Á·ûªhç Å®Ωnç,
dear -Å-E friend Ê°®Ω’ ®√ߪ÷L. My dear ü∆E-™E ´÷ô© Å®√nEéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*ç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC.
°æ¤úø’ Ms ¢√úøû√ç. °∞Îkx† Æ‘Y©’ ¢√J É≥ƒdEo•öÀd Mrs Nagaraj/ Priyanka; Dearest Nagaraj/ Idiom ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ group of words. Å®·ûË Idiom
Priyanka - friends names
¢√úø’-éÓ-´îª’a. ™‰ü∆ Ms (miss) ¢√úø’-éÓ-´îª’a. °Rx é¬E
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
ÉN O’ Å®·ûË) ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-EéÃ, Åçü¿’™ Ö†o ´÷ô© Å®√n-EéÀ
Æ‘Y© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ miss °æ‹Jhí¬ ®√≤ƒhç. ¢√∞¡x É≥ƒd-E- 443 3) Thanking you -Å-E à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† letter ™ØÁjØ√ ®√ߪ’- Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’. Idiom ™E NúÕ ´÷ô© Å®√nEo
≥ƒd©’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’ Ms •öÀd Idiom ¢Á·ûªhç Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-

The Mango tastes sweet

¢√úøôç °æü¿l¥A. °∞Îkx† Ææ’-éÓ™‰ç. Å≤ƒüµ¿uç 鬴a
ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ °æ¤öÀdç-öÀ-¢√∞¡x èπÿú≈. eg: The long and
ÉçöÀ-Ê°Í® °ô’d-éÓ-´úøç É≠æd- (the) short of - ÉC Idiom.
¢Á’iûË èπÿú≈ Ms ÅØË DE Å®Ωnç– ≤ƒ®√稡ç ÅE.
®√≤ƒhç. Nú≈-èπ◊©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊†o The long and (the) short
¢√J-Ê°®Ω’ ´·çü¿’ èπÿú≈ of his speech is that he is
ÅüË. Yours obediently: students
ÉC ¢√∞¡x úøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Letters ™ great = Åûª-úÕ Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæ ≤ƒ®√稡ç -Åç-û√ ûª†’
2) Letter ´·Tç°æ¤-™ ¢√úË yours truly, yours faith- Teachers/ Headmasters/ Principals èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ-ô- matter ´·Tç*, subscrip- íÌ°æp¢√úÕ-†E. í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆?Idiom ™E long èπ◊,
fully ™«çöÀ expressions †’ subscription subscription
°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË (ûª´’ NüµË-ߪ·-úÁj† ÅØË tion ®√Æœ Ææçûªéπç °úøû√ç short èπ◊ é¬F, '≤ƒ®√ç¨¡ç— Å-ØË Å®√n-E-éÀí¬F áéπ\ú≈
Åçö«®Ω’. Å®ΩnçûÓ) á°æ¤púø÷. Thanking you - Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. long, short †’ •öÀd idiom Å®Ωnç
Yours truly: ´’†èπ◊ Åçûªí¬ °æJ-îª-ߪ’ç-™‰E ´uèπ◊h- Yours affectionately (Yours affectionately correct letter ™ ü∆EéÀ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ™‰ç. ÉC idiom èπ◊ phrase èπ◊ ûËú≈. ûÁ©’-
©èπ◊, °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh-¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ®√ÊÆ formal letters èπ◊ yours lovingly,
É°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’-éπ-™-™‰ü¿’.)/ (ÅÊ°éπ~/ ≤ƒn†ç-™‰ü¿’. 鬕öÀd ü∆E í∫’™ èπÿú≈ idioms (ñ«B-ߪ÷©’/ Ø√†’úÕ) ÖØ√o®·
¢√úË subscription: Yours truly. sir/ madam/ ûª®√yûª comma Öçú≈™« éπü∆. Eg: †úø’ç-¢√-©a-úøç= Nv¨»çA BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.
M.SURESAN
ÅGµ-´÷†ç/ vÊ°´’ûÓ ÉC ´’† ö«d-©èπ◊ ®√ÊÆ
Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü∆ ÅØË îª®Ωa ņ-´-
v°æ¨¡o: 1. véÀÈéö¸ 鬢Á’ç-ô-K™ 'welcome v°æ¨¡o: ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÀ O™„j-†ç-ûª vocabulary b) The book explaining the procedure is in
our library- subject- The book
v°æ¨¡o: 1. Pronunciation, pronounciation OöÀ™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
boundary' ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ´·êu´÷ ™‰ü∆ sentence struc- DE
I deserved it ÅØË expression Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ´·êuçí¬
ņo °æü¿ç ¶«í¬ NE-°œ-
explaining the procedure = phrase äéπ 2.
Ææ’hçC. DE Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? ture ´·êu´÷? Sentence Structures ¶«í¬ deserve
2. B.Ed. Åçõ‰ Bachelor of (group of words without a verb) èπ◊ Å®Ωnç à´’öÀ?
practise îËߪ’úøç ´·êu´÷ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’çõ‰ Å¢Ë Advertisement Ñ °æü∆Eo à N-üµ¿çí¬ pronounce
Education, D.Ed. c) The book I was reading yesterday is very 3.
Åçõ‰ ´≤ƒh-ߪ÷? ÅÆæ©’ total structure S+V+O éπü∆.
Diploma in Education. äéπ-îÓô interesting. Subject- The book ... yester- îËߪ÷L? Åúøy-õ„j-Æˇ-¢Á’çö¸ ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ Åúøy-öÀ-Æˇ-¢Á’çö¸
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ î√™« °ü¿l ¢√éπuç ™«çöÀC Ææ¶-b„èπ◊dí¬, day- clause (group of words with a verb)
'of' ´’®Ó-îÓô 'in' áçü¿’èπ◊ ÅØ√™«?
î√™« °ü¿l¢√éπuç object í¬ Öçô’çC. É™«ç-öÀ 'Vote of thanks' ÅØË Idiomatic expression èπ◊ Å®Ωnç
´î√a®·? -¢√-öÀE frame îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ᙫ? 'E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç 'î√™« °ü¿l ¢√éπuç, subject í¬, î√™« °ü¿l-¢√éπuç 4.
3. äéπö °æôdù §ÚMÆˇ ÊÆd≠æ-Ø˛†’ I object í¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ®√¨»®Ω’. Subject, object àN’öÀ?
Content Ñ °æü∆Eo é¬çõ„çö¸ ÅE °æ©-鬙« -™‰-ü∆ éπçõ„çö¸
´÷ ÉçöÀ-éÌ*a †’Ny-*a† áv®Ω-®Ωç-í∫’- <-®Ω†’ °œ-©x¢√úø’
town Police Station Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. ÅEo éπL-°œ-ûËØË éπü∆ ¢√éπuç ÅßË’uC. Subject, 5.
Ist town police station ņ-èπÿ-
Çúø’-èπ◊çô’ §Ò®Ω-¶«-ô’† ûªí∫’-©-¶„-ö«dúø’.— Éçü¿’-™
object í¬ éπE°œçîË Â°ü¿l-¢√-é¬u©’, O’®Ω-†’-èπ◊-ØË™« ÅØ√-™«?
<®Ω(s)+ °œ©x-¢√úø’(o)+ ûªí∫-©-¶„-ôd-úøç(v). É™«çöÀ 'It is been a wonderful experience'. Ñ ¢√éπuç à
úøü∆? §Òúø’-í∫’ -¢√-é¬u©’ ᙫ îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? Main rules ¢√é¬u©’ (sentences) 鬴¤. ÅN °j† îª÷°œç-*† 6.
4. The Text Booklet is printed in Nüµ¿çí¬ Â°ü¿l, °ü¿l phrases/ clauses ´÷vûª¢Ë’ tense ™ ÖçC?
found (4) series, viz. A,B,C,D.
ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. Å´¤-û√®·. Subject í¬F, objects é¬F ¢√ôç-ûª-ô- 7. Enough/ anough – OöÀ™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?

-ï-¢√-•’: 1) English ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L, ®√ߪ’í∫©í¬M

Ñ ¢√éπuç™ viz. °æ‹Jh ®Ω÷°æç, – -ߪ·.XE-¢√-Ææ-®√´¤, ï®Ω’-í∫’´’Lx (v°æé¬-¨¡ç->™«x) Å¢Ë sentences 鬴¤ éπü∆. Sentence Å¢√y-©çõ‰
-ï-¢√-•’: 1) Pronunciation, Correct.
– áç. Ææ’Í®≠ˇ, ¶„©xç-°æLx
Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? °æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç Öçú≈L. Subject/ Object äéπ\õ‰
Åçõ‰ ´’†ç áçûª English îªC-NûË Åçûª-¶«í¬
-ï-¢√-•’: 2) I deserved it = 1)
– °œ.X-E-¢√Æˇ, Å´’t-éπ\-Ê°ö¸- °æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç É´yü¿’.
Welcome boundary = ´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË Å™« îªC¢Ëô°æ¤púø’ Ç sentence Ø√é¬ Å®Ω|ûª ÖçúÕçC. 2) Ø√èπ◊ ûªT†
'E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç... ûªí∫©¶„ö«dúø’.— Deserve=
structures, usage, new words, ÅN ᙫ use
¨»ÊÆh ïJ-TçC. Å®Ω’|-©-´ôç.
boundary
≤ƒyí∫-Aç-îª-ûª-T† Åçõ‰ Ç Ñ sentence èπ◊ English: a) I deserved the prize= Prize èπ◊ Å®Ω|ûª Ø√èπ◊ç-úÕçC.
boundary î˨»-®ΩØË ¢√öÀ O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd Öç* îªü¿-¢√L. Åçü¿’Íé Our boy while playing got burnt by
džçü¿ç éπ-L-Tç-îËC.
Welcome news= Reading benefits the prepared rye and (Ø√èπ◊ ®√¢√-LqçC Ç prize)
chance the red sari you gave us yester-
≤ƒyí∫-Aç-îª-ûª-T†
mind. sentence structure
ã ®Ωîª-®·ûª ®√Æœ† b) I did the wrongthing. So I deserved the punishment
day when you came to us.
(Åçûª džç-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ¢√®Ωh)
Bachelor (B.A., B.Sc) ™«çöÀ ᙫ ÖçüÓ í∫´’-EÆæ÷h îªü¿-¢√L. îªü¿-´-úøç = ؈’ ûª°æ¤p î˨»†’. Ø√éà Péπ~ °æú≈-LqçüË.
¢√öÀ™ x ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ 'of', °æ‹®Ωhߪ÷uéπ ´’† mind ™E auto register Ç Ñ sentence †’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: 3) Advertisement Pronunciation: British: Å-úÌy-öÀ-Æˇ-¢Á’ç-ö¸
Diploma ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ 'in', v°æßÁ÷-í¬-©†’ Åv°æ-ߪ’-ûªoçí¬ ´’†ûÓ °æL-éÀÆæ’hçC, Éçü¿’™ °œ©x-¢√úø’ (our boy) O’®Ω-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†ô’x – úÌy – Bird ™ • '™«í¬—, úÌy ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
usage. DEéÀ rule Åçô÷ àç ™‰ü¿’. object (o) é¬ü¿’. subject (S) éπü∆. Got
®√®·-Ææ’hçC. Prepared mind and eye éÀ Öü∆-£æ«- American= Åúøy(®˝)õ„jñ ¸-¢Á’çö¸– ñ¸ size ™ z -™«, tise
(¢√úø’éπ=usage). burnt- ÉC verb (V). üËEo ûªí∫-©-¶„-ö«dúø’? Sari
®Ωù: Newton ´·çü¿’ î√™«´’çC °æçúø’x éÀçü¿ E 鬕öÀd sari, object (o), subject (s) é¬ü¿’. ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Ééπ\úø one town Åçõ‰ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ -°æ-úøôç îª÷¨»-®Ω’é¬F ¶µº÷N’éÀ Çéπ-®Ω{-ù-¨¡éÀh Öçü¿ØËC 4) Vote of thanks - Éçü¿’™ vote èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ™«ç-†-v§ƒßª’ç
°æôdùç ÅE Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’– one town The red sari which you gave us yester-
Çߪ’†éÌéπ\-úÕÍé Ææ’p¥Jç-*çC. îªC-¢Ë-ô°æ¤púø’ sen- day when you come to us - object
(formal) í¬ éπ%ûª-ïcûª ûÁLÊ° *†o v°æÆæçí∫ç ÅE.
= †í∫-®Ωç™ äéπö N¶µ«í∫ç/ v°æü˨¡ç tences í∫´’-EÊÆh î√©’. Å™«Íí vocabulary
¢Á·ûªhç
(Area) èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ÅE. Å™«Íí (object)
í¬ èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. Å°æ¤p-úøC È®çúø’ 5) äéπ °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ Ö†o N≠æߪ’ç, äé𠧃vûª ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™
èπÿú≈. Word lists •öÃd°æ-ôd-úøç ´©x ®√ü¿’. îªü¿’-´¤- clauses Spoken English Ö†o ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ content †’– é¬çõ„ç-ö¸í¬ pro-
2 town Åçõ‰ °æôd-ùç™ È®çúÓ Area Å´¤-û√®·. Å®·ûË
ûª’çõ‰ à´÷ô ᙫ- ¢√-ú≈™ èπÿú≈ (Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰ written English nounce îË≤ƒhç ('é¬ç— ´’K Åçûª D®Ω`ç é¬ü¿’)
èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ÅE. Viz. ™ á°æ¤p-úø÷, ™ áèπ◊\-´-≤ƒ®Ω’x
complicated structure
Abbreviation for namely = ¢Á·ü¿-©’-
é¬èπ◊çú≈) ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. É™«çöÀ ¢√úøç. ûª%°œhí¬ Ö†o/ -ûª%-°œh-°æ-úÕ†/ ûª%°œh-éπ-L_çîË ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Å®·ûË
2) Subject of a sentence äéπ\ ´÷ôí¬/ äéπ Clipped sentences éπçõ„ç-ö¸í¬ pronounce îË≤ƒhç, -õ„ç ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
í¬-í∫©/ ¢Á·ü¿-™„j†. All the former áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç
Telugu actors viz ANR, NTR, phrase (Group of words without a verb)/ Spoken English short sentences writ-
™, 6) It is been a wonderful experience – ÉC ÆæÈ®j† sen-
SVR, Savithri, etc = ANR, NTR, äéπclause Öçúø-´îª’a. ten english reader
™. Å°æ¤púø’ strain
èπ◊ tence é¬ü¿’. DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† form, It's (It has) been a won-
SVR, ≤ƒNvA ¢Á·ü¿-™„j† í∫ûª a) The Mango tastes sweet- Subject- Mango Öçúøü¿’. Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åçûª §Òúø’í∫’ derful experience= ÅC î√™« Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† ņ’-¶µº´ç–
†ô’-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷. (one word) ¢√é¬u© Å´-Ææ®Ωç àN’öÀ? tense - present perfect ('be' form).

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm