Introduce of Electrical System

- English Version-

ESDM Team
April, 2010
 Contents

Introduce of Electrical System 14:00~14:50

Maintenance of Electric Equipment 15:00~15:50

Electrical PM System 16:00~16:50

 Introduce of Electrical System

Electrical Theory
1. Voltage, Current 1
2. Power(kW) and Ohm’s Law 2
3. AC vs. DC 3
4. Abnormal Conditions 4

About Power System

1. Incoming Power and Power Quality 5
2. HDO Single Line Diagram 7
3. Electrical Equipment 8
4. Classification of Power used in process 27
 Electrical Theory
Voltage, Current

Tank A Tank B Potential of High

A Potential

Current

ΔP ΔP
Level Flow of Low
A Electron Potential
Level
B
Potential of
B Metal Ball B
Flow

Voltage ⇔ Pressure Current ⇔ Flow

☞ Voltage is the differences of electrical potential Energy Magnitude
☞ Current is the flowing quantity of free electrons on the Conductor

1
 Electrical Theory

Power is multiply voltage by current with power factor

V : Voltage [V]
Electrical Energy = Power(kW) = V x I x Cosθ I : Current [A]
Cosθ : Power Factor
Power = Energy/Work per unit Time = J /s
1 J/s = 1 Watt (by definition)

Voltage is multiply current by resistance

V = I x R (R : Resistance [Ω, Ohm]) : Ohm’s Law

2
 Electrical Theory

AC vs. DC
Frequency f = 60Hz = 60 cycle / 1 sec.
Alternating Current +
- Power System
- Drivers T
AC [s]
- Lightings
- from Generator
-
1 cycle

Direct Current +
- Control Power
- Instrument T
DC [s]
Power Supply
- from Battery
-

3
 Electrical Theory
Abnormal Electrical Power Condition
- Power off or fail
Open Circuit
- Machines Stopping
Condition - Trouble

- Power to the Ground

Ground Circuit - Fire, Injury
Condition - Unstable fault current

- Power Accident
Short Circuit - Flash Over, Fire, Injury
Condition - High fault current

 All electrical equipments must have an adequate short circuit capacity to

endure mechanical and electrical intensity caused by short circuit current
 It should be satisfied with Electrical KA Level by suitable Fault Current
Study/Power Currency Calculation done by Technically authorized Institute

4
About Power System
Incoming Power
- Receiving Power from Transmission Line of
Commercial Power Company
- Generator Power from Utility Plant

Power Level or Grade (Korea named )

- Low Voltage : below 1KV
- High Voltage : below 10KV
- Special High Voltage : 11KV,22.9KV,35KV
- Super High Voltage : 110KV,154KV
- Super & Super High Voltage : 345KV
- Ultra Super High Voltage : 765KV
Measurement of Power Quality
- Voltage
- Frequency
- Scheduled Black-out Time (Power Shutdown)

5
 About Power System
Commercial Power Plant and Transmission Line

Boiler Generator

Transmission Lines

Coal, LNG,
Turbine
Nuclear, Hydro, Transformer
etc. (Step-UP)
Bus
Bus Bus

Transformer
Load
(Step-Down)
(User)

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 About Power System
HDO Single Line Diagram
Power System (Hyundai Oilbank)
154kV #2 T/L H-STACIR 330sqmm
From Kepco
(Daesan S/S) 154kV #1 T/L H-STACIR 330sqmm

New 154kV S/S

52KA 52KB

154kV GIS, 50kA, A-BUS, 2000A

B-BUS, 2000A

N.O

CB CB CB CB CB CB (Bus Tie) CB

#2 HOU-A #2 HOU-B #2 PLANT-A #2 PLANT-B #1 PLANT-A #1 PLANT-B

(100MVA) (100MVA) (45MVA) (30MVA) (25MVA) (25MVA)

XLPE 3-1C*240sqmm (0.36km) XLPE 3-1C*240sqmm (0.39km) XLPE 3-1C*240sqmm (0.41km) XLPE 3-1C*240sqmm (0.42km)

XLPE 6-1C*800sqmm (2.2km)

20MW 20MW 18MW 18MW 18MW

TG TG TG TG TG

TR #1 TR #2 TR #1 TR * 2 TR #2 TR #1 TR * 3 TR #2
154/33kV 154/33kV 154/22.9kV 13.8/22.9kV 154/22.9kV 154/6.9kV 6.9/6.9kV 154/6.9kV
100/120MVA 100/120MVA 45/60MVA 25MVA 30/40MVA 25/30MVA 30MVA 25/30MVA

Is-Limiter
22.9kV 6.9kV

22.9kV 6.9kV
#2HOU Main S/S (33kV)
Total Load : 75 MW Tie TR
22.9/6.9kV
(O n The Construction) 10MVA

26 Feeders 24 Feeders

#2Plant Main S/S (22.9kV GIS) #1Plant Main S/S (6.9kV)

Total Load : 45 MW Total Load : 43 MW

7
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Receiving Facility–GIS: Gas Insulated Switchgear(Indoor)

8
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Receiving Facility–GIS : Gas Insulated Switchgear(Indoor)

9
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Receiving Facility - Field Receiving Facility(Outdoor)

10
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Power Distribution Switchgears
What’s in the Switchgear ?
- Bus
- Circuit Breaker
- Protective Relay
- Current Transformer
- Potential Transformer
- Surge Absorber
- Meters/switches/lamps
- Auxiliary Relay
- Cable Terminal Block
- Epoxy Insulators
- etc.

• An assembly of devices that power supply, control and protect electrical

equipment (i.e., pumps, compressors, chillers, fans, etc.) or circuits

11
About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Structure of Switchgear

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About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Bus _ power flowing road

• Main channel for current flow (Horizontal or Vertical)

• Many circuits can be branched off from it.

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 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Circuit Breaker To make and break an electrical circuit according to
normal condition and abnormal condition

GCB (Gas Circuit Breaker)

VCB ACB MCCB

(Vacuum Circuit Breaker) (Air Circuit Breaker) (Molded Case
Circuit Breaker)

14
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Vacuum Contact Switch(VCS) and Power Fuse(PF)

Power Fuse
VCS Inside View

• VCS is used for frequently operated loads

• VCS and Power Fuse Combination
VCS(Vacuum Contact Switch) - VCS : Normal Operation(On/OFF) and
Over current Protection
- Power Fuse : Short circuit current Protection
- Normally used in High Voltage Motor

15
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Protective Relay

- OCR : Over Current Relay

- OCGR : Over Current Ground Relay
- UVR : Under Voltage Relay
- OVR : Over Voltage Relay
- MPR : Motor Protection Relay
 It will be used for Protection of the electrical power system when the equipment’s
condition is on the unacceptable situation caused by Physical problem

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About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Current Transformer(CT) and Potential Transformer(PT)

Current Transformer(CT) Potential Transformer(PT)

Support Type

CT and PT measure the current and voltage at any time

17
About Power System - Electrical Equipment

Surge Absorber(SA) and Lightning Arrester

Surge Absorber(SA) Lightning Arrester(LA)

Protect electric equipment Protect electric equipment
from transient surge voltage from lightning shock
and current

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About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Metering Devices, Magnetic Contact, Auxiliary Relay

Analog Meters Digital Meters

Magnetic Contact(MC)
And Auxiliary Contact

19
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Power Transformer

Oil Immersed Type Transformer Mold Type Transformer

Super High Voltage Large Capacity Indoor
Outdoor

Transformer converts voltage level from receiving voltage to distribution voltage

20
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Power Cables

1 Core XLPE Cable 3 Core XLPE Cable Section Diagram

Instrument Cable, Communication Cable(Optic Fiber)

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About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Induction Motor

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About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Generator

Diesel Engine Generator Gas Turbine Generator

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 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
UPS System (Uninterruptible Power Supply System)
AC to DC
AC Input DC to AC

Typical UPS System - Single

Most important mission of UPS is stable power supply to process control system
without any interruption

24
 About Power System - Electrical Equipment
Inverter(Variable Frequency Driver)

Inverters are used to control speed and torque of a standard induction motor
(i.e. : fans, blowers, pumps, compressors, chillers, etc.)

25
About Power System - Electrical Equipment

Other Equipment
- Electric Heater(Process Heater)
- Electrostatic Precipitator(EP)
- Motor Operated Valves(MOV)
- Lightings, Receptacles
- Cable Tray, Conduit and Fittings
- Explosion proof devices (Exd IIC, Exe, Exp, Exi …)

26
About Power System

Classification of Power used in process

Normal Power Commercial Power Plant

Critical Power(utility) Steam(or Gas) Turbine Generator

Emergency Power Diesel Engine Generator

Uninterruptible Power UPS System

Battery Based Power Battery

27
End of Subject 1