Metals

• Iron
• Most popular material for tools and machinery
• Easily corrodes : 2Fe + 3/2O2  Fe2O3
• Coinage metals
• Cu, Ag, Au
• Resistant to corrosion
• Alloys
• Brass- Zn + Cu
Liquid crystals
• LCD found in calculators, watches, clocks, etc.
• matter intermediate between liquid and solid
• Possess fluid and optical properties.
Semiconductors
•Materials whose electrical conductivity increases
with temperature
•Silicon, germanium
•Heavily used in electronics
Polymers
•Simple molecules joined together into extremely
large molecules
•Nylon
•Used on clothing, ropes and sails
•Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene)
•Nonstick frying and cooking pans
•PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
•Food wraps, hoses, pipes and floor tile
Biomolecular materials
Materials derived mostly from genetically modified organisms
Offer potential benefits to the medical industry

•Silk-like proteins
•protective clothing, impact sensitive structures
•Elastin-like proteins
•Biodegradable superabsorber
•Drug delivery
•Collagen-like proteins
•Reconstruction of skin, bone and cartilage
•Phospholipid materials
•Liquid crystals in electronics
•Liposomes for drug delivery
Organic Chemistry
•Chemistry of carbon and its compounds

•Synthetic Organic Chemistry

•Synthesis of complex molecules from simple ones.
•Synthetic polymer, drugs, insecticides
•Natural Products Chemistry
•Extracted from plants/animals/microorganisms
•Compounds are mostly secondary metabolites
•Drugs, perfumes, plant pigments, toxins
•Fossil fuels
•Products of decay of plants and animals
•Petroleum, coal and natural gas
•Non-renewable and contributes to pollution.
 Functional Groups
Reactive sites in the hydrocarbon molecule.
H
H H
CH4 H2C=CH2 HCCH C
C
C
C C
methane ethene Propyne H C
H
alkane alkene Alkyne H

CnH2n+2 CnH2n CnH2n-2 benzene

OH
aromatic
H C H
C C H
C C
CHCl3 CH3CH2OH H C
H
H-C=O
H
chloroform ethanol formaldehyde
alkyl halide alcohol phenol aldehyde
 Functional Groups
O O O
H3C-C-CH3 H3C-C-OH H3C-C-O-CH2CH3
acetone acetic acid ethyl acetate
ketone carboxylic acid ester
H H O
H3C-C-O-C-CH3 R-NH2 RC-NH2
amine amide
H H