You are on page 1of 20

vlŒtcGifhta&;

wdkif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;
'Dru
kd a&pDa&;
KAREN NEWSLETTER Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckEpS f Volume(15) Issue(1) , 2011

OD;odef;pdefeJ@
OD;apmodef;atmifwdk@udk wnfaqmufyHk 'DZidk ;f a=umifh
usaemfuawmh a&G;aumufcH jynfo@l v$waf wmf ivsiv f y_ v f siv
f nf; tav;csed u
f dk
Akv
d Ef w
_ cf rf;ar$;wk@d vkd ud,k pf m;vS,af wGu r#caH y;Ekid af oma=umifh
trsKd;om;a&;yJ qufvkyfr,f æ tqdkwifcJh=u+yD; æ rysufpD;Ekdifay æ
pmrsuEf mS (4) pmrsuEf mS (10) pmrsuEf mS (11)

y'kr
d ef;&Sm 4}udraf jrmuf au0ki
d t
f dk uGe*
f &uf atmifjrifpmG
vli,facgif;aqmifqk usif;y+yD;pD;
,ae@ra=unmEki d af o; Zefe0g&Dv 29&uf? rsm;ukd jyefvnfokH;oyfcJh=uonfh a&;rSL; (2) aemfatabae;Zm/ vl ukd,f pm;vS,fawG[m olwkd@a'
apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) tjyif vmrnf h u G e f * &uf o uf r_a&;wm0efcH apmqmt,fxl;/ orSm 2005uae 2010ckESpft
Zefe0g&Dv 31&uf? vkyf}uHcH&onfh 2008ckESpf/ az 4}udrfajrmuf u&ifvl wrf; (4)ESpftwGuf qufvuf pnf;±k;H a&;ESihf jyef=um;a&;wm0ef xd usaemfw@dk awG bmawGvyk Ef idk f
eef;azmha* (autkid pf )D azmf0g&v
D 14&ufae@wiG f use&f pf i,ftpnf;t±k;H (au0kid t f )dk uGef wm0efxrf;aqmifrnfh A[kad umfr cH aemfuJbvlxl;/ obm0ywf cJv
h ?J rvkyEf idk cf v
hJ q
J w
dk mukv
d nf;
,ae@usa&muf o nf h ol om;orD;rsm;jzpf=uonfh apm *&ufudk u&ifjynfe,f&dS autJef wDtopf 11OD;ukdvnf; a&G;cs,f 0ef;usif xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufa&; od&Sd&w,f? tJ'Dtm;enf;csuf/
62ES p f a jrmuf u&if h t rsKd ; om; ap;ap;zef;/ erfhbGm;bGm;zef;/ erfhZkd ,l xdef;csKyfe,fajrwae&mwGif wifajr‡mufcJh=uonf[k OuUXt ESihf vlrb_ 0zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufa&; wm tm;omcsufawGtay: a&SŒquf
awmf v S e f a &;ae@wG i f wwd , ,mzef;ESihf pvk@H zef;wk@d u zGŒJ pnf; Zefe0g&Dv 19&ufae@rS 29&uf jzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr‡mufcHcJh&ol 0efcH aemfrl;0g;/ r[mrdwfa&;&m b,fvkd vkyfaqmifoGm;&rvJqkd
ae@txd atmifjrifpGm usif;yðy apma&mfuDckyDwcgu ajymonf? wm0efcH apmADwmvif;/ b¾m wmukv d nf; aumif;pGm em;vnf
qk&iS uf dk pdppfa&G;cs,zf @dk rtm;vyfao;wma=umif; vkyf+yD;pD;cJhonf? ‚if;u “tpnf;ta0; a&;rSL; aemfcD;vmESifh pm&if;ppf oabmaygufvmw,f”[k ajym
‚if;uGef*&ufwGif rSm +yD;cJhwJh 4ESpftwGif; usaemf aemf[v J ,fx;l wk@d udk a&G;cs,w f if onf?
tcsed ef nf;enf;a&$Œ+yD; vmrJh u&ift h rsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nDnw
$ af &;
u&ifjynfe,f c±kid (f 7)ckrS u&ifvl wkd@v_yf&Sm;r_awGukd jyefvnfokH; ajr‡mufcJh=uonf? tD w k d ; xmh jynf w G i f ;
ES;D aESmzvS,yf u JG sro
S m a=unmoGm;r,fv@dk
i,ftpnf;t±kH; ukd,fpm;vS,f oyf=uw,f? a&SŒvkyfief;pOfawG ‚if;uGef*&ufwGif 'kuQonfpcef;rS au0kdiftkd±kH;xkdif
qk;H jzwfxm;ygw,f æ rsm;/ A[kdaumfrwD0ifrsm;/ KNU/ csrSwfEkdifcJh+yD;awmh aemufxyf u&ifhawmfvSefa&; rsKd;qufopf rSL; apmt,fuvlawmuvnf;
KWOrS acgif;aqmifrsm;/ u&if av;ESpo f ufwrf;twGuf wm0ef rsm; &&Sd&eftwGuf vli,frsm; “au0kdiftkd uGef*&ufukd usaemf
ajrmuf y'kdref;&Sm vli,facgif; wnfaxmifcJh=u+yD; u&ifvlr_t 'kuQonfpcef;rsm;rS u&ifvli,f ,lr,fh A[kad umfrwD 11a,muf pnf;±k;H &ef/ u&ifvx l rk sm;ukd Ekid if H u yxrOD;qkH; wufa&mufcGifh&
aqmifqkdukd ra=unmjzpfao; zGJŒtpnf;twGif; ukd,fusKd;pGef@t tpnf;t±k;H . tzGŒJ 0ifrsm;ESihf avh uk d v nf ; wuf a &muf v mol a&; oabmw&m;rsm; od&Sdem; wmyg? tckvkd wufa&mufcGifh&
a=umif; zef;azmifa';&Sif; wnf epfemcHum vlxt k usK;d ðyvkyif ef; vmolrsm; tygt0if pkpak ygi;f vl ukd,fpm;vS,fawGxJu a&G;cs,f vnfatmif ynmay;&ef yg0if awmh 'DueG *f &ufudk wufa&muf
axmifolwpfOD;u autkdifpDukd vkyu f idk af qmif&u G af eol u&ifvl OD ; a& 123OD ; wuf a &muf c J h = u wif a jr‡ m uf c J h y gw,f ” [k ajym onfh a&SŒvkyif ef;pOf 14csuu f dk cs vmwJh uk, d pf m;vS,af wG wifjycJh
ajymonf? i,frsm;ukd ESppf Of awmfveS af &;ae@ onf? onf? rSwfEkdifcJhonf[k od&onf? wJh olw@dk &ŒJ v_y&f mS ;r_e@J tjrifo
zef ; azmif a ';&S i f ; uk d wkid ;f qkcs;D jr‡ichf jhJ cif;jzpfonf?
wnf a xmif o l w pf O D ; jzpf o nf h 62ESpfajrmuf u&ifht
apmap;ap;zef;u “trSew f u,f rsK;d om;awmfveS af &;ae@udk zmyGef
qkd 'Dqu k dk usaemfw@dk zef;azmifa'; c±kid &f dS autJe, f l xde;f csKyfe,fajr
&Sif;u awmfvSefa&;ae@rSm a=u wyfr[m(5)wGif usi;f ycJ=h uovkd
nm+yD; qk&iS u f dk *k%ðf ycJwh myg? 'D u&iftrsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;
ESprf Smawmh qk&iS u f dk pdppfa&G;cs,f wyfrawmf (autJet f ,fvaf t)
zk@d rtm;vyfao;wma=umif; t wyf & if ; tcsKd Œ wG i f v nf ; ðyvk y f
csed ef nf;enf;a&$Œ+yD; vmrJh u&ift h usif;y=ua=umif; od&onf?
rsK;d om;pnf;vk;H nDnw $ af &; ES;D aESm qkaiGtjzpf tar&duef
zvS,fyGJusrSom a=unmoGm; a':vm 2˜000csD;jr‡ifhonfh yxr
r,fvkd@ qkH;jzwfxm;ygw,f”[k OD;qk;H y'krd ef;&Smvli,facgi;f aqmif
qkdonf? qkukd 2009ckESpfwGif aemfazmu
tqk d y gqk u k d 2009ck bvmxl;rSvnf;aumif;/ 'kwd,
ESp/f Zefe0g&v D 31&ufae@wiG f us t}udrfqkudk 2010ckESpfwGif apm
a&muf c J h o nf h ES p f 60ajrmuf n$e@f 0ifrv S nf;aumif; vufc&H &Scd hJ
u&ifhtrsKd;om;awmfvSefa&;ae@ +yD; ,ck wwd,ajrmufqt k wGuf
wGif pwifay;tyfvmcJ+h yD; ,ckEpS f tqkw d ifoiG ;f cH&ol vli,f 4OD;&Sd
wGif ay;tyfrnfq h rk mS wwd,t &m qk&&Sdolukd ,ckESpfv,fykdif; 4}udrfajrmuf au0kdiftkd uGef*&ufodk@ wufa&mufvmonfh u&ifvli,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm; Photo-KIC
}udrfajrmufjzpfonf? wG i f usif ; yrnf h 8}ud r f a jrmuf tqk d y g uG e f * &uf t ,ck uG e f * &uf w G i f uG e f * &uf o k d @ wuf abmxm;/ aqG;aEG;csufawGukd
zef ; azmif a ';&S i f ; uk d u&iftrsKd;om;pnf;vkH;nDn$wf wG i f ; 2005rS 2010ck E S p f t xd OuUXtjzpf apma&muDckyDwcg/ a&mufcJhol anmifav;yifc±kdifrS usaemf trsm;}uD ; oif , l c J h y g
u&iftrsK;d om;tpnf;t±k;H (au a&; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJY xkwfazmf u&ifvil ,ftpnf;t±k;H A[kd t 'kOuUXtjzpf apmt,fuvlap;/ u&ifvli,ftpnft±kH; twGif; w,f? olw@dk awG&ŒJ wifjyaqG;aEG;
tJe, f )l . ,cif taxGaxGtwGi;f a=unmoGm;rnf[k od&onf? vkyftr_aqmif aumfrwD0ifrsm; twGi;f a&;rSL; apmt,fx;l pk;d / t a&;rSL; apma0:xl;u “'DuGef* csuaf wGudk rSwo f m;xm;+yD;awmh
a&;csKyfa[mif; y'krd ef;&Smvm;zef; Ô ESifh c±kdiftzGJŒ0ifrsm;. v_yf&Sm;r_ wGi;f a&;rSL;(1) apm*spyf pD/ twGi;f &ufrSm c±kdiftoD;oD;uvmwJh pmrsuEf mS (2)ok@d æ
Karen Information Center rS xkwa
f 0jzefc‹ so
d nf?
t,f'Dwmhtmabmf
tusOf;om;ay:wmrsm;ukd etz ppfwyfu
ppfwyftyk cf sKyfaeoa&G@ owfjzwfrr
_ sm;&Sd
vlxwk &yfv;kH vl!e$ @fw;kH rnfom Zefe0g&Dv 28&uf? (autkdifpD) &m&S d r sm;uk d aemuf w ef ; ok d @ yk d @ ol ay:wmrsm;ukd ‚if;wk@d wyft zsm;emaeonfh=um;rS
etz ppftkyfpkonf t&G,fa&mufol trsKd;om;/ trsKd;orD;wdkif; 18- autJef,l wyfr[m aqmifay;cJo h nf[k zsmykaH xmifrS &m&Sdrsm;ukd,fwkdifu awmifay:rS ukd,fwkdif ESdyfpufcH&ol tif;pdef
47/ 18-35ESpf pojzifh toufowfrw S uf m tenf;qH;k 3ESpf ppfrr_ xrf; (7)e,f a jr rme,f y avmok d @ ay:wmtjzpf y gvmol tusOf ; uefcsco hJ nfudk uk,
d w f idk jf rifawGŒcJh axmif t usOf ; om; vif ; rmef
rae& Oya'udk 2011ckESpfqef;/ Zefe0g&DvwGif jyXmef;vdkufonf? xdkjy a&muf & S d v monf h etz ppf om; armifux H eG ;f 23ESpu
f ,ck ol tif;pdeaf xmifrS tusO;f om; atmifuvnf; “usaemf axmif
Xmef;csufa=umifh jrefrmjynfolvlxktwGif;&Sd tv$mtwef;tpm; a=umif;rsm;u ‚if;wkd@ac:aqmif vkd ajymonf? ay:wm atmifrkd;ausmfu ajym xJ&u dS wnf;u tzsm;&Sad yrJh 'Dudk
toD;oD;rS vli,farmifr,frsm;twGif; ,Hk&cufcuf/ xGuf&Edk;Edk; jynfy vmonfh tusO;f om;ay:wmrsm; “usaemfhrsufpda&SŒrSm onf? ykd@w,f? tzsm;&SdwJhtcgusawmh
udk ar#mfudk;vm=uav+yD? ukd !‡if;yrf;ESdyfpuf owfjzwfr_ wif ay:wmwa,muf/ &JabmfEpS f olu“usaemfw@dk awm ypPnf;av; odyfrxrf;Ekdifbl;? r
rsm;&Sdaeonf[k Zefe0g&Dv 26 a,muf rk d i f ; xd w mawG Πw,f ? xJ r S m vm&wm awmif w uf xrf;Ekdifawmh usaemfhukd olwkd@
ArmjynfwiG ;f rS vli,fv&l ,
G rf sm;onf =uyfwnf;onfh &Sio
f ef&yfwnfr_
&ufu xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufvm Akdvf}uD;&efaemifqkdwmvnf; a& awmifqif; oufoufyJ? +yD;cJhwJh (etz)u uefw,f? aoewfzif
rsm;=um;rS rdrdwdk@. b0wdk;wufa&;udk enf;vrf;aygif;pHkjzifh &Sm}uHxdk;
ol tusOf ; om;ay:wmrsm;u cyfqif;&mu jyefwufvmawmh 10&ufuqkd&if awmifrwufEkdif eJ@ eH±;dk ukd xkw,f? tckxd atmifh
azmufae=u&onf? TajrwGifzGm; Ta&udkaomufum }uD;jyif;vm
=uolrsm;tm; wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa=umif; a&S@aqmif vrf;zGifhay;&rnfh ajymonf? rkid ;f eif;rdjyefa&m? tJ't D cg [kAd v
dk f awmhwJh usaemfwkd@oli,fcsif; pH aewkef;yJ? xD;aohcdqkdwJhae&mukd
tpm; Todk@ppfr_xrf;um ppfajrjyifodk@ ydk@aqmifrnfh &nfrSef;csufrSm xkdae@reufESifh nae }uD ; uk d u sawmh aemuf w ef ; yk d @ aygu tem;awmif;wmukd (208) a&mufwek ;f u usaemfh oli,fcsi;f
vlom;wpf&yfvHk;udk t!$ef@wHk;atmif trdef@tm%mjzifh owfjzwfae bufwGif etz cr&(208)rS t w,f? &Jabmfudk aq;ukay;w,f? u AkdvfrSL;wa,mufu "g;xkwf ESpfa,mufqkd&if em;xifukd ao
jcif;om jzpfonf? usO;f om;ay:wm 13OD;onf au ay:wmuku d sawmh bmrSrvkyaf y; +yD; &ifbwfudk 2csux f ;dk acsmufxJ ewfe@J ypfowfcw hJ m usaemfh rsuf
tJe, f l wyfr[m(7)ok@d xGuaf jy; bl;? aemufykdif; bmvkyfvkdufvJ uef c svk d u f w ,f ? aemuf w pda&SŒrSmyJ? tck 'Dukda&mufvm
“,ae@vli,f aemif0,fvl}uD;” qdk±dk;pum; &SdcJhaomfjim; vuf&Sd zuf a&muf&SdvmcJh+yD; ‚if;wkd@rSm jynf/ usaemfvnf; qufxrf;vmawmh a,mufu ukvm;? olu 0efxrf; wm usaemfwkd@ t&rf;0rf;omrd
qpfppftkyfpk tkyfcsKyfaeonfh oufwrf;umvwGif jrefrmvlxkrSm zsmykH/ tif;pdef/ vm;±_d;ESifh zm;tH rodawmhb;l av”[k qko d nf? &if; rkdif;xdawmh ajcaxmufjywf w,f”[k ajymonf?
‘t&G,fa&mufvli,f’[k owfrSwfEdkifavmufonfht&G,f ra&mufcif
axmifrsm;rS jzpf=uonf? etz wyf z G J Π0if r sm; oGm;wm acsmufxJrSm uefcscH& Zefe0g&Dv 26&ufae@
uwnf;u tdrfeD;csif;EkdifiHrsm;wGif uav;tvkyform;rsm;tjzpf t"rR
jynfaxmifrS armif*sKd; onf autJef,l wyfr[m(7) w,f? atmufrSmusawmh rao txd autJ e f , l w yf z G J Πrsm;xH
vkyftm;cdkif;apcH&r_tjyif rawmfrw&m; ppfom;pkaqmif;cH&r_udk Arm
jynfwGif;xJY cg;oD;pGm cHpm;ae=u&onf? t&yfESifhnDonfh aoewfudk Zuf 27ESpfu “ppfwyfu 0ef e,fajr&Sd =u,fajymifukef;rS a&SŒ ao;bJ u,f=uygOD;qkd+yD; atmf xGufajy;a&muf&Sdvmol tusOf;
xrf;&if; t&G,fESifhrr#onfh ppfoifwef;ydk@aqmifcH&um ppfajrjyifodk@ xrf;ay:wmawGukd awmifay:r wef ; ae&mrsm;ok d @ wuf v m&m wmayghaemf? tJ'DtoHukd ckxd om;ay:wm ta,muf 30&S+d yD[k
txdwfwvef@jzifh a&muf&Sdvmae=u&onf? wuf E k d i f & if wk w f e J @ ±k d u f w ,f ? wGif rxrf;Ekdifonfhay:wmrsm;/ usaemfeh m;xJrmS =um;a,mifwek ;f autJef,l wyfr[m(7). rSwf
awmifay:u rqif;Ekdif&if uefcs rkid ;f eif;rdum ajcjywfvufjywfjzpf yJ”[k &Sif;jyonf? wrf;rsm;t& od&onf?
ppftyk pf o
k nf ‚if;wd@k &efoo l zG,f owfrw S xf m;onfh ppftm%m&Sipf epf w,f? vkH;0rxrf;EkdifwJholawGukd
udk awmfveS cf /hJ awmfveS af eqJjzpfaom wdik ;f &if;om; vufeufuikd af wmf ypf o wf v d k u f w mawG & S d w ,f ? xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufvmonfh tusO;f om;ay:wmtcsKŒd
vSefa&;tzGJ@rsm;ESifh wdkufyGJjzpfyGm;&mwGif tqdkyg uav;ppfom;rsm;om aemuf+yD; rkdif;&Sif;wJh &JabmfawG
twHk;t±Hk; xdcdkufaoqHk;=u&onf? wdkif;jynf.tem*wftwGuf ykcHk;
rkdif;xdr_rsm;vmawmh usaemfwkd@
ajymif;wm0ef,lrnfh vli,fav;rsm;udk ypfuGif;odk@ ydk@aqmifokwfoif
ay:wmawGukd a&SŒuyJ oGm;ckdif;
jcif;yif jzpfonf?
awmhr,fv@dk olw@dk tcsi;f csi;f ajym
tvm;wl vufeufudkiftzGJ@rsm; xdef;csKyf&m e,fajrrsm;wGif xdk;ppfqif aewm=um;vk@d aorSma=umuf+yD;
&mY tusOf;axmifrsm;rS axmifom;rsm;udk txrf;orm;ay:wm (‚if; xGuaf jy;vmwmyJ”[k autkid pf D
wdk@tac:t& 0efxrf;)rsm;udk rdkif;&Sif;&Jabmfrsm;ESifhtwl a&S@wef;rSoGm; ukd ajymonf?
apjcif;/ EGrf;e,ftm;jywfolrsm;tm; ESdyfpuf!‡if;yrf;owfjzwf&mwGif Zefe0g&Dvqef;ykdif;u
rvnfr0,fEiS hf trde@f emcHae&onfh vli,f/ uav;ppfom;rsm;udk toH;k ‚if;e,fajrokd@ a&muf&Sdvmonfh
jyKjcif;rsm;rSm vlxktcsif;csif; okwfoifapaom vlom;jzpfr_udk [ef@ etzwyfrsm;onf ppfa=umif;
wm;onfh rl0g'(ay:vpD)jzpfonfudk aus;vuf+rdK@jyrsm;rS wdkif;&if;om;
oGm;&mvrf;wav#muf rkid ;f xdreS f
vli,frsm;tm;vHk; odem;vnfxm;&ayrnf?
olrsm;xJrSm tusOf;om;ay:wm
etzppfwyfwGif wm0efxrf;aqmifzl;olrsm;. tajymt& ppfwyfonf rsm;ukd aq;ukor_r&SdbJ ‚if;wkd@
wdkif;&if;om;a'orsm;udk xdk;ppfqifrnfhtcgwdkif; tusOf;axmifwGif; wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;teuf rkdif;xdwyf
rS &mZ0wfom; tusOf;om;rsm;udk tokwfvdkufac:xkwfum a&S@wef; om;rsm;ukd aq;ukoay;um t Photo-KIC
od@k txrf;orm;rsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ xdcu kd 'f %f&m&ygu tcsed u
f ek f
cH uko&rnfxuf ppfajrjyifwGif ypfowfum vlrodolrod xm;&pfcJh
jcif;rSm wdkif;jynfudk ppfwyftkyfcsKyfaeor# jzpfysufaernfom jzpfI etz ppfonf 4OD; KNDO xHo@dk vma&mufy;l aygif;
acwf0efudkxrf;rnfh tem*wfvli,frsm;taejzifh pGef@pm;pdwfjzifh wGef;
vSefoGm;=u&ayrnf? Zefe0g&Dv 26&uf? u &wc vuf a tmuf c H cr& zGJŒ0ifawGjzpfw,f? MA-1 ao wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;xHokd@ ,ckvkd vm
Ô apmodef;jrifh (autkdifpD) (340)rS wyf=uyf}uD; atmifaxG; ewf 1vuf/ usnfqH 88awmifh/ a&muf y l ; aygif ; jcif ; jzpf o nf [ k
u&ifjynfe,fajrmuf 29ESp/f wyfom; wifr;dk atmif 24 M-79usnf 10vkH;ygw,f? tck ajymonf?
ykdif; zmyGefc±kdif bl;okdòrdŒe,fwGif ESpEf iS hf cr&(341)rS wyfom;armif usaemfwkd@qDrSmyJ olwkd@&Sdaeao; tvm;wl +yD ; cJ h o nf h
tajccsvy_ &f mS ;onfh etz ta&SΠZifrkd; 28ESpf/ wyfom;Ekdifatmif w,f? txufu wm0ef&o dS al wG Zef e 0g&D v 9&uf a e@wG i f v nf ;
u&ifowif;pOf awmif w k d i f ; ppf X mecsKyf - &wc ukd 21ESpw f @dk onf vufeufc,J rf; eJ@ ay;awGŒ+yD;&if olw@dk twGuf t e,fjcm;apmifw h yf BGF wyf&if;
vufatmufcH wyf&if;ESpf&if;rS tcsKŒd ESit hf wl oHviG uf rf;em;/ tl aumif;qk;H jzpfatmif pDpOfay;&rSm 1015rS wyfom; apmEk;d Ekd 18ESpf
wm0efct
H ,f'w
D m eef;azmha* ppfonf 4OD;onf +yD;cJhonfht ol;xmhae&m&Sd KNDO wyf&if; yg”[k ajymonf? onf AR vufeuf 1vuf/ ruU
ywfu u&iftrsKd;om;umuG,f (1)xHokd@ vma&mufyl;aygif;jcif; tqkyd g etzwyfzŒJG 0if Zif;usnfabmuf 4csyf/ usnfqH
vufaxmuft,f'w D m eef;xl;pH a&;wyfrawmf (KNDO)xHokd@ jzpfa=umif; ‚if;wyf&if;rSL; 'kAv dk f rsm;onf ‚if;wkd@wyf&if;twGif;rS 110awmifhESifhtwl autJef,l
owif;axmufrsm; apmcg;pl;nm;/ vma&mufyl;aygif;cJhonf[k od& rSL;}uD; apmausmrf ;l u ajymonf? txufwyfrSL; pDrHtkyfcsKyfr_rsm; wyfr[m(5)xHokd@ vma&mufyl;
apmode;f jrifh onf? “&wc vufatmufcH ukd rESpo
f ufrE_ iS hf ppfwudk v
f pdk wd f aygif;cJhao;onf?
Zefe0g&Dv 22&ufae@ cr&(340)eJ@ (341)u etz wyf r&SdawmhonfhtwGuf KNDO Ô
tjyiftqif apmzd;k ausm/f apmxGe;f Ekid f
qufo,
G &f ef 0g; umuG,w f m;qD;a&;/ obm0
4}udrfajrmuf au0kdiftkduGef*&uf atmifjrifpGm usif;y+yD;pD;rS tqufæ ywf 0 ef ; usif xd e f ; od r f ; apmih f
e,fajr (autJe, f l A[kXd mecsKyf
a[mif;)wGif zGŒJ pnf;wnfaxmifchJ
kicnews@yahoo.com
P.O Box 22
pcef;xJu vli,fawGukd jyef+yD; vli,facgi;f aqmifrsm;ukd arG;xkwf a&Smufa&;ESifh vlr_zGHΘzd;wkd;wuf +yD; vuf&t
dS csed w
f iG f tzGŒJ 0ifaygi;f
Mae Sot, 63110 f rd rhf ,fv@dk ,k=H unf ay;&ef / u&if v l i ,f x k t wG i f ; a&;vkyif ef;rsm; taumiftxnf
awmh r#a0Ekid v 43˜154OD;&Sod nf[k au0kid t f rdk w
S f
Tak, Province
Thailand.
ygw,f”[k ajymonf? b0zG H Œ òzd ; wk d ; wuf a &;twG u f azmf vkyfaqmif&ef &nf&G,fcsuf wrf;rsm;t& od&onf?
<www.kicnews.org> au0kdiftkdonf rsKd;cspf use;f rma&;/ ynma&;/ rl;,pfaq; jzifh 1989ckESpfY rme,fyavm

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 2


zvl;a'owGi;f wku
d y
f JG etz wyfom; 30ausmf awmifiòl rdŒwGif vHòk cHa&;
xdcu
dk af oqk;H ydw
k if;=uyfvm
Zefe0g&Dv 24&uf? usaemf w k d @ buf u awmh w Zefe0g&Dv 19&uf? orsm;rS um;vrf;rsm;udk toGm;
apmcg;pl;nm; (autkdifpD) a,mufrS xdcu dk rf r_ &Sb
d ;l ? wku
d yf JG eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) tvmrvkyf&ef ,ckESpfqef;ydkif;
u&ifjynfe,f a0:av jzpfwmuawmh ausmufcuf&JΠu&ifjynfe,fajrmuf uwnf;u a'owGi;f &Sd etz ppf
*Gi/f zvl;ause,f/ ausmufcufa' wzufurf;rSmyg? aemuf usaemf ydik ;f (yJc;l wdik ;f ta&SŒjcrf;)&Sd awmif wyfrsm;u wm;jrpfr_rsm;&Sdaomf
otwG i f ; ,ref a e@reuf u wk d @ u vuf e uf } uD ; tvk H ; 20 ilòrdŒwGif ,cktcsed w f iG f oufqikd f vnf; ,ckZefe0g&Dv (17)&uf
etzESifh u&ifwyfzGJŒwkd@t=um; avmufeJ@ vSrf;ypfw,f? 'Dae@ &mtm%mydik rf sm;u òrdŒwGi;f òrdŒjyif ae@Y tajcpdkufv_yf&Sm;v#uf&Sd
wku d yf jJG zpfymG ;cJ&h m etzwyfzŒJG 0if vnf; olw@dk wufvmw,f? 'gay vHòk cHa&; ykrd ckd sxm;vmonft h jyif onf h puc(7)t&m&S d r sm;ES i h f
30ausmf xdckdufaoqkH;cJhonf[k rJh usaemfw@dk u rykid &f if vk;H 0rypf awmifay:a'oESifh qufo, G o f mG ; abm*vdòrdŒe,frSL;wdk@u abm*
u&ifwyfzŒJG rsm;. ajymjycsut f & bl;? usaemfowfuGif;xJukd 0ifrS vmaom um;vrf;rsm;udkvnf; vdaus;&Gmtygt0if awmifay:
od&onf? ypf r ,f ? tck v nf ; ol w k d @ uk d yd w f q d k @ xm;vd k u f o nf h t wG u f a'owGif;&Sd aus;&Gm}uD;rsm;udk
tqk d y g wk d u f y G J w G i f usaemfwkd@wyfzGJŒawG apmifhypfae a=umihf a'ocHrsm;. rdom;pk pD; ac:,lawGŒqHk+yD; um;/ qdkifu,f
u&if w yf z G J Œ rS uk d u f 300cef @ w,f”[k ajymonf? yGm;a&;udk xdcu kd af ponf[k a'o rsm; òrdŒwGi;f od@k toGm;tvmrðy
aemuf q k w f a y;cJ h & aomf v nf ; ,if ; wk d u f y G J a =umif h a&S@wef;e,fajrwae&mrS 'DaubDat wyfzGJ@0ifwpfOD; cHrsm;u ajymonf? &ef w&m;0if ajymqdx k m;onf[k
puc(12) vufatmufcH wyf&if; zvl;a'o&Sd aohabmbk;d aus;&GmrS awmif i l ò rd Œ cH w OD ; u od&onf?
rsm;bufrS wyfom; 20ausmaf o t&yfom; 1˜000cef@ xkdif;EkdifiH ol topfeJ@ t&if&Sdxm;wJh t &Sd ausmufcufa'owGif etz “tckcsed rf mS awmifirl mS u ppfwyf ,ck tajctaea=umihf
qk;H cJ+h yD; 10ausmf '%f&m&&Scd o hJ nf bufjcrf;&Sd armfvcD sKid ;f aus;&GmwGif a[mif ; wk d @ aygif ; vk d u f & if w pcu (12) vufatmufcw H yf&if; awGu oHvrf;/ um;vrf;awGrSm awmifilòrdŒaevlxktjyif awmif
[k DKBAwyfr[m (5)rS ppf ,refae@u xyfrHxGufajy;vm& axmifausmfw,f? olwkd@awGukd rsm;jzpfonfh cv&(231)/ cr& vHòk cHa&;tjynfh ,lxm;w,f? òrdŒ ay:a'owGif aexdkif=uonfh vl
qifa&;rSL; Akv d rf LS ;apmqef;atmif onf[k 'kuQonfrsm;ukd oGm; qef/ qD/ qm;/ tcsKdr_ef@/ igaowWm (547)/ (548)/ (656) wyf&if;wk@d wGif;vHkòcHa&; tukefvHk;ayhgaemf? xkrsm;u ydI k 'kuaQ &mufonf[k
u autkid pf u D dk ,ckvdk ajymonf? a&mufulnDay;cJhonfh u&ifvlr_ pwJh pm;p&mav;awG usaemfw@dk v_yf&Sm;aeonf[k DKBA ppf awmifil-Z&yf}uD;/ ausmuf}uD; awmifiòl rdŒESifh reD;ra0; awmifay:
olu “rae@uwkdufyGJ u,fq,fa&;tzGJŒ0if wOD;jzpf oG m ;a&muf u l n D a y;w,f ” [k qifa&;rSL; Akv d rf LS ;apmqef;atmif tJ ' D b uf u d k o G m ;wJ h um;vrf ; / a'owGif aexdik o f nfh &Gmom;w
rSm etz 30ausmf xdcu dk af oqk;H onfh apmrk;d Ekid uf ajymonf? ajymjyonf? u ajymonf? awmifi-l oHawmif}uD;/ awmifi-l OD;u ,ckvkd ajymonf?
r_&w dS ,fv@dk usaemfw@dk od&w,f? ‚if;u “tck ajy;vm vuf&dS zvl;a'owGi;f Ô abm*vdomG ;wJh um;vrf;tukef ol u “tck u um;
vHk;udk wif;wif;=uyf=uyfyJ”[k vrf;ab;rSm&SdwJh vlawGa&m/ pk
awmifial 'owGif etz wyf&if;(14)&if; autdik pf u D kd ajymonf?
awmifiòl rdŒwGif tajccs
pnf;aus;&GmrSm aexdik w
a&m/ ykef;atmif;aexdkifwJhvlawG
f hJ vlawG

wd;k csJŒv_y&
f mS ;vm v_yf&Sm;onfh ppfuGyfuJa&;Xme
csKyf-puc (16)wyfzGJŒrsm;tjyif
a&m tukev f ;kH 'kuaQ &mufw,f?
bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh w&GmeJ@w
,ckEpS pf ydik ;f wGif puc(15)wyfzŒJG &Gm qufo, G v f yk af ewJh ta&mif;
Zefe0g&Dv 18&uf? aqmif&ef ,ckZefe0g&v D 14&uf olu “+yD;cJhwJh wESpf onfh abm*vd/ armif;wdik }f uD;ESifh rsm; xyfraH &muf&v dS m+yD; òrdŒwGi;f t0,fvnf;rjzpf? vkyftm;ac:
eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) ae@rSpI ,ae@txd &duQmwif vH;k rSm puc wckwnf;eJ@ v_y&f mS ; bl q mcD ; um;vrf ; wav#muf òrdŒjyif vHòk cHa&;twGuf ppfaq;ar; cdik ;f wmvnf; qufwu kd &f adS eawmh
yJc;l wdik ;f ta&SŒjcrf;jzpf aqmifvmonfh ppfum;tpD;aygi;f vm+yD;awmh tck puc ESpcf k rsm; wdu k yf }JG uD; 3}udrjf zpfymG ;cJ+h yD; wdu
k f jref;r_rsm;/ apmihf=unfhr_rsm; ydkrdk &G m om;awG v nf ; ud k , f h t vk y f
onfh u&ifjynfe,fajrmufydkif;/ 100ausmf a&muf&Sdvmonf[k vmw,f? usaemfwdk@ od&ovdk yGJi,frsm;u ae@pOfvdkvdk jzpfyGm; vkyfaqmifvmovdk ,ck um; udk,frvkyftm;bl;? pdk;&drfpdwfeJ@
awmifial 'owGif ,ckvqef;ydik ;f a'ocHrsm;. ajymjycsut f & od& 2011eJ@ 2012 twGuf &dumQ awG aea=umif; tqdyk g yk*K~ v d u f ajym vrf;rsm;udyk g ydwv f u kd o
f nft h xd aeae&w,f? txl;ojzihf um;
rSpI tiftm; 1˜000ausm&f o dS nfh onf? ydk@xm;w,fqdkawmh vuf&Sdwyf onf? vkyaf qmifvmojzihf a'ocHvx l k vrf;ab;rSm aewJv h al wGusawmh
etz wyf&if; 14&if; wdk;csJŒv_yf ,ck v d k etzbuf r S awGtjyif aemufxyf0ifvmOD;r ,if;odk@ etzwyfrsm; rsm; pdwftaESmuft,Suf jzpf& rdkif;&Sif;wJhae&mrSm toHk;ðycH&o
&Sm;vmonf[k xdka'orS vm wyftiftm; ydrk w kd ;kd csŒJ vmonfth vm;awmif rajymwwfbl;? 0if wyf&duQmrsm; ydk@aqmifaeonfh onft h jyif tvkyt f udik f tcuf vd k wyf & d u Q v nf ; o,f a y;&
onfhowif;t& od&onf? jyif wyf&ud mQ rsm;udk 2ESppf m óud vmp&mta=umif ; &S d w mu ,cktcsed w f iG f a'ocH&mG ol&mG om; tcJjzpf&a=umif; xdkòrdŒcHu ajym w,f? 'DwyfawG r±kyfodrf;rcsif;/
etz ppfuyG u f aJ &;Xm wify@kd aqmif&ef vkyaf qmifaejcif; usaemfwdk@a'oudk ppfqif;a&; rsm;rS m um;vrf ; rayguf o nf h onf? &dumQ yd@k aqmifwm r+yD;rcsi;f awmh
ecsKyf - puc(9)vuf a tmuf c H rSm (KNU) xdef;csKyfxm;onfh vkyfzdk@ jzpfEdkifacsrsm;ygw,f”[k wyf p cef ; ae&mrsm;od k @ ae@nr “tckvkd vHòk cHa&;awG ydk &Gmom;awGuawmh 'kuQa&muf
wyf&if; 7&if;ESihf puc(4)vuf awmifial 'owGif ppfqifa&;vkyf ajymonf? jywf &dumQ o,f&jcif;/ ppfa=umif; cs/ um;vrf ; awG yd w f q d k @ vd k u f wmayhg”[k ajymonf?
atmufcH wyf&if; 7&if;wdk@onf aqmifvmrnfh tvm;tvm&SEd ikd f ‚if; etzwyfrsm; 0if oGm;vmonfhvrf;udk rdkif;&Sif;& awmh awmifay:u qif;vmwJh ,ckvdk awmifila'o
&mESihfcsDaom tusOf;om;rsm;ESihf a=umif; (KNU) awmifilc±dkifrS a&mufvm+yD;aemufyikd ;f oHawmif jcif;/ ppfa=umif;rsm; ac:aqmif&m ukefpnfoD;ESHawGudk tajccH+yD; wGif etz wyftiftm; ydrk ckd sxm;
twl ,ckZefe0g&v D 8&ufae@u wm0ef&SdolwOD;u ,ckvdk ajym ES i h f xef ; wyif ò rd Œ e,f t wG i f ; &S d aemufukd vdu k yf g&jcif;rsm;udk vkyf a&mif;0,faewJh usaemfw@kd vkd vl +yD; vHkòcHa&; wif;=uyfvmjcif;t
p+yD; u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t±kH; onf? awmif i l ò rd Œ ES i h f quf o G , f o G m ; aqmifay;ae&a=umif; od&onf? awGtwGuf tcuftcJjzpfwmayhg ay: awmifiòl rdŒ. awmifay:a'o
(KNU) xde;f csKyfe,fajr awmifil awmifila'owGif ppfajy;aeonfh aus;&Gmom;rsm; Asm? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmh uGrf; rsm;udk xdk;ppfqif&eftjyif odk@r
c±dkiftwGif;odk@ 0ifa&mufv_yf&Sm; awGvnf; rvmwm=um+yD;/ +cH [kwf awmifilòrdŒonf aejynf
vmonf[k awmifiel ,fcw H OD;u xGuo f ;D ESaH wG tukeaf yhgav? tck awmfESihf eD;jcif;a=umihf vmrnfh
,ckvkd ajymonf? awmifay:a'oeJ@ òrdŒudk tquf Zefe0g&v D (31)&ufae@wiG f ppft
olu “'Dv 8&ufae@ toG,fjzwfvdkufwJh oabmqdk pdk;&u v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;
u puc(4)u AsL[m 2ck vm awmh usaemfw@kd twGuf pD;yGm;a&; usif;yac:,lawmhrnfjzpfI vHkòcH
w,f? 14&ufae@rSmu puc(9) xdcu kd w f ,fayhgAsm”[k awmifiòl rdŒ a&;,lxm;jcif;vnf; jzpfEikd o f nf
u AsL[m 2ck 0ifvmw,f? AsL cHu ajymonf? [k awmifila'ocHrsm;u a0zef
[m 2ckrSm wyf&if; 7&if;qdkawmh awmif i l ò rd Œ ES i f h quf ajymqdkae=uonf? Ô
tm;vH;k 14&if;ayhg? tJ'x D rJ mS t oG,o f mG ;vmonfh awmifay:a'
usOf;om;awGvnf; trsm;}uD;yg
w,f”[k ajymonf?
(KNU) wyfr[m (2)
e,fajrjzpfonfh awmificl ±dik /f oH (KNU) xde;f csKyfonfh ESihf awmifydkif;wdkif; ppfXmecsKyfrS
awmifESihf xef;wyifòrdŒe,frsm; awmifial 'owGif topfa&muf&dS wyf&if;rsm; tm;vH;k pkpak ygi;f wyf
wGif etzbufrS wyftiftm; vmonfh puc(9)ESi;f puc (4) &if ; 30ausmf v_ y f & S m ;v#uf & S d
rsm; wk;d csŒJ a&muf&v dS movdk xdak ' wd@k rS wyf&if; (14)&if; tygt0if a=umif; (KNU) wyfr[m (2).
otwGi;f v_y&f mS ;aeonfh ‚if;wd@k rl v u tajccsv_ y f & S m ;v#uf & S d ppfa&;rSwfwrf;t& od&onf?
wyfrsm;twGuf &duQm 2ESpfpmydk@ onfh puc(7)rS wyf&if; (7)&if; ÔÔ
Photo-KIC
u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 3
autJe,
f l ypfcwfra_ =umihf pufavSay:ygvmonfh KSDDP ygwD
etz ppfom;rsm; aoa=uaysmufq;kH pnf;±k;H a&;rSL;wOD;
autJe, f xl H
Zefe0g&Dv 18&uf? vrf;wGif uif;vSnfhvSnfaeonfh w,f? pufavSuakd wmh atmufukd 0ufavmuf&rdS ,f? avSxrJ mS aoG;
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) autJe, f l wyfr[m (5)wyfzŒJG 0if yJ arsmcsvdkufw,f”[k twnf awGeD&JaewmyJ”[k ajymonf? xGuaf jy;a&muf&dS
u&ifjynfe,f/ zmyGef rsm;. ypfcwfr_ óuHawGŒcJ&h jcif;jzpf ðyajym=um;onf? tqdkyg ypfcwfr_jzpfyGm;cJha=umihf
c±dik /f bl;od@k òrdŒe,fwiG f oHviG jf rpf onf[k autJe, f l wyfr[m (5) tqdkyg ypfcwfr_t+yD; vuf&SdtcsdefwGif oHvGifjrpfwGif Zefe0g&Dv 18&uf? awG odyf&SdawmhrSm r[kwfwJht
twGi;f etzppfom; 10OD; ygvm ±k;H xdik rf LS ; Adv
k rf LS ;apmuv,f'@kd u 2em&Dausmfcef@wGif arsmcsvdkuf oGm;vmaeonfh a'ocH&Gmom; apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) wGuf olw@kd (etz) trde@f e@J ur
onfh pufavSudk +yD;cJhonfh &uf ,ckvkd ajymonf? onfh etzppfom; pD;eif;vdu k yf g rsm;onf tajctaeudk=unfhI u&ifjynfe,f 'Drdku uxvky+f yD; ygwaD xmifcikd ;f wmyJ?
ydkif;u autJef,l wyfr[m(5) “nae 4em&D usaemf vmaom pufavSudk oHvGifjrpf oGm;vmae&onf[k od&onf? a&pD E S i h f zG H Œ òzd ; wd k ; wuf a &;ygwD KSDDP ygwu D akd wmh qufvyk f
wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;u ypfcwfcJhojzihf wdk@vlawG uif;vSnfhaewJhtcsdef urf;eHab;&Sd r,fEx
l mhaus;&GmESifh autJef,l wyfr[m KSDDP. jr0wDòrdŒe,fajrmuf wJholawGudk bmrS uef@uGufzdk@
puf a vS w d r f ; arS m uf u m etz ayhg? ppfom;awG wifaqmifvmwJh reD;ra0;wGif tjcm;autJef,l (5) xde;f csKyf&me,fajrwGif oHviG f ydkif; pnf;±kH;a&;rSL;u wOD;jzpfol awmh r&Sbd ;l ? 'gayrJh ygwrD mS u&if
wyfom;tm;vH;k aoa=uaysmuf pufavSwpif;udk vSrf;jrifvdkuf wyfr[m(5) wyfzGJŒwzGJŒrS jyef jrpftwGi;f ,cifu etzESifh au apmzd;k uvdonf ygww D iG f rvkyf rajymeJ@ b,fwdkif;&if;om;ygwDr
qH;k oGm;cJah =umif; od&&dS onf? w,f? tJ'DrSm etzppfom;awG o,f,lcJhonf[k udk,fwdkifjrif tJe, f l wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;=um; ypfcwf udik vf akd wmhonft h wGuf ,ae@r qdk b,fawmhrS jynf0h wJh tcGit fh
+yD;cJhonfh Zefe0g&Dv jzpfwt hJ cgusawmh olw@kd awG ypf awGŒcJh&ol &Gmom;wOD;u ajym r_rsKd; tenf;i,f r=umc% jzpf
16&ufae@nae 4em&Dcef@wiG f w cwf=uw,faygh? raowJhvlawG onf? yGm;cJhaomfvnf; ,ckuJhodk@ }uD;
ac:xmh&dS etz cr&(20)wyf&if;rS u a&xJcek cf svu kd wf ,f? pufavS ‚if; “pufavSwpif;vH;k }uD;rm;rm; jzpfyGm;jcif;r&Sda=umif;
wyfzŒJG 10OD;onf aorkxmhrS w xJu aoewf 3vufe@J usnq f H ayguf+yJaew,f? avSu a&xJr autJe, f l wyfr[m(5)u ajym
ac:xmh o d k @ puf a vS j zif h tjyef wcsKdŒ usaemfwdk@ odrf;qnf;&rd epfayr,fh txJrmS a&u avSwpf onf? Ô

zmyGeaf 'owGif etz wyf&u


d mQ xrf;&ef
t&yfom; 400ukd BGF t"rR awmif;cHay;ae
Zefe0g&Dv 13&uf? }uD;awG ay:wmtxrf;orm;awG r,fy&Gmod@k oGm;a&mufrnfh tqdk r,fh tcuftcJu bmawGjzpfvm
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) rpkay;EdkifwJhtwGuf awGŒor#t yg etzwyfrsm;onf vuf&Sdt rvJ óudrrS odxm;awmh a=umuf
Photo-KIC
zmyGefc±dkif/ 'G,fvdk;òrdŒ &G , f a &muf a,musf m ;awG u d k csdefwGif bl;odkòrdŒe,f/ ausmyg; w,f”[k ajymonf?
e,ftwGif; &Gmaygif; 30ausmf&Sd vduk zf rf;awmhwmyJ? &Gmol}uD;qdk aus;&Gmtkyfpk/ ,Gef;pvif;acsmif; ,if; BGF (1013)wyf eufwiG f autJe, f l wyfr[m (7) a&;qdw k m etzu ay;rSmr[kwf
aom aus;&Gmtkypf k 3pkrS a'ocH &ifvnf; olw@kd BGF pkcikd ;f wmr& ta&S Πbuf j crf ; &S d rJ h a nmcD ; &G m &if ; . ay:wmtxrf ; orm; pk xH xGufajy;a&muf&SdvmcJhonf? bl;? usaemfuawmh Adv k Ef w _ cf rf;
t&yfom; 400OD;tm; etzppf bl;qdk&if t=uyfudkifcH&w,f”[k awmifajcwae&mwGif a&muf&adS e aqmif;cH&onfh aus;&Gmrsm;rSm u jr0wDòrdŒe,f e,fjcm; ar$;wdk@vdk trsKd;om;a&;yJ quf
wyf&u d mQ udk xrf;ay;&ef e,fjcm; ajymqdkonf? onf[k zmyGecf ±dik f KNLA wyfr wdkifwdaus;&GmtkyfpkrS uwdkifwd/ apmihfwyf BGF (1018)wyf&if; vkyfr,f”[k &Sif;jyonf?
apmihw f yf BGF (1013)wyf&if;u Zef e 0g&D v 9&uf a e@ [m (5)rS wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;u qdk Edk@azmxD;/ abmusLv,f(w0uf pcef;&Sd&m a&$ukuUdKaus;&GmwGif KNU wyf r [m(7)
&Gmol}uD;rsm;xHrS Zefe0g&Dv 7 u ay:wmtxrf ; orm; rpk onf? ygw,f)/ zmvd;k 'd@k / zm;vd;k zd;k / awm aexdik of nfh tqdyk g pnf;±k;H a&;rSL; wyf&if; (101)rS 'kAv kd rf LS ;}uD;apm
&ufae@uwnf;u t"rRawmif;cH aqmif;ay;Edkifonfh av;zdk;xmh BGFwyfzŒJG ,ckvkd t ol;uvm;/ xD;oJav;/ ydkrm[J u ygww D iG ;f rnfonfh vkyyf ikd cf iG fh azm'du k “usaemfw@kd qD oltckvkd
aeqJjzpfonf[k od&onf? aus;&Gmtkypf k ydu k m&Gmol}uD; apm wif;t"rR ay:wmpkaqmif;r_ESihf aus;&Gmrsm;/ av;zdk;xmhaus;&Gm tm%mrS r&So d nft h wGuf xGuf a&muf&v dS mwmudk 0rf;omw,f?
tqdyk g BGF wyf&if; zm;usK;d ESifh uwkid w f ad us;&Gm tkyf ywfoufI a'ocH&mG om;wOD;u tkyfpkrS abmusLv,f (w0ufyg ajy;a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfa=umif; óudqw kd ,f? aemufxyf+yD; jyefvm
onf urarmif;òrdŒrS v_dif;bGJòrdŒ pkrS ydrk mh[&J mG ol}uD; apmvSat;eJ@ “tvk y f t ud k i f tqif r ajywJ h w,f)/ yduk m/ av;zd;k xmh/ usK;d a';/ apmzdk;uvdu autdkifpDudk ,ck r,f h o l &S d t H k ; r,f v d k @ ,H k = unf
e,f rme,fyavm*Gif r,fy&Gm armhcs;D Elukd zrf;qD;xm;um vuf =um;rSm 'Dvdk ay:wmzrf;awmh wa&myl// rJ=unfcD;/ 0g;'l;/ omh vdk ajymonf? w,f”[k qdo k nf?
(&Gmysuf)odk@oGm;rnfh tiftm; ud k óud ; ES i h f c snf xd k ; }ud w f u ef usaemfw@kd rdom;pktwGuf tvkyf atmhyav/ 0ghwrl/ y[duvm;/ olu “usaemf tckvkd apmzdk;uvdonf e,f
700cef@&Sd etz ajcjrefwyf&if; ausmufum aoewf'ifESihf xk awG y suf w ,f ? aemuf a y:wm aus;&Gmrsm;ESihf xD;obvkxmh xGufajy;vmwmu 'D KNUeJ@ jcm;apmihw f yf toGiaf jymif; rcH&rD
(212)/ (214)/ (216)ESifh (220)wyf onfhtjyif ,cktcsdefxdvnf; vdkufxrf;r,fqdk&if b,fESpf&uf aus;&GmtkyfpkrS xD;obvkxmh/ DKBAvdrk sK;d ud, k thf rsK;d om;a&; u DKBAwyfr[m (999)vuf
&if;rsm;. usnq f EH iS fh pm;eyf&u d mQ jyefrv$wfray;ao;a=umif; od& txd xrf;&rvJqw kd m owfrw S f xD;avmfaoxmh/ Edk@a*:/ 0ghokd; bufu jyefvmvkyzf @kd yg? usaemf atmufcH wyf&if;(5) wyf&if;rSL;
rsm; ydk@aqmifay;&eftwGuf u onf? xm;wm r&S d b l ; av? wacguf vm;/ uaycD;/ xD;z'd@k c;D / xD;acsmrJ/ KSDDP ygwD0ifjzpfaew,fqdk jzpfc+hJ y;D yxrOD;qH;k KNUxH xGuf
wdik w f /d av;zd;k xmhEiS fh xD;obvk zmyGecf ±dik Ef iS fh e,fe;D pyf xrf;&r,fvdk@yJ ajymw,f? oGm; bv,fhu,f&Gmrsm;jzpfonf? wmvnf; touf 50ausm+f yDjzpf ajy;a&muf&v dS monfh KSDDP yg
xmh aus;&Gmom;rsm;udk ay:wm xduyfaeonfh rme,fyavm*Gif r,fq&kd ifvnf; vrf;rSm óuHawGŒ& 1994ckESpf/ autJef,l wJth wGuf etz&JŒ zGŒJ pnf;yHt k ajc wD0ifwOD;vnf; jzpfonf?
txrf;orm;rsm;tjzpf toHk;ðy cH Oya't& ppfom;vkyfvdk@r& ,cif 'D a ubD a t
&ef &G m ol } uD ; rsm;xH r S ,ck v d k zmyGefa'orS awG‹ae&onfh u&ifaus;&Gmwpf&Gm awmhbl;? 'ga=umihf XmecsKyfu OuUX apmomxl;ausmu f 2010
awmif;cHcJhjcif;jzpfonf? usaemfu h kd ac:+yD; ygw0D ifcikd ;f w,f? ckESpf =o*kwfv 19&ufae@wGif
tiftm; 200 0ef;usif ygwDqdkwmvnf; etz axmif EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm; rSwfyHkwifjcif;
&Sd Adv
k rf LS ;apmvSóuid f OD;aqmifaom ay;vdu k w f hJ ygwyD aJ v? tcGit fh m Oya'yk'fr 9ESihftnD ygwDrSwfyHk
BGF (1013)wyf&if;onf t&yf %mawG bmrSr&Sdbl;? 'gudk pdwf wifciG ðfh yvdu k o f nfh KSDDPygwD
om; ay:wmxrf;orm;rsm;udk pk ukeaf wmh 'Dbufukd jyefvmzd@k qH;k OuUXtjzpf wm0ef,cl +hJ yD; 2010
aqmif;&mwGif &Gm}uD;v#if }uD;o jzwfvdkufwmyJ”[k ajymonf? a&G;aumufyw JG iG f trwfae&m 2
vdk vlO;D a& owfrw S x f m;+yD; vuf quf v uf I ol u ae&m tEdik &f &Scd ahJ omfvnf; ,ck
&SdtajctaewGif ay:wmtxrf; “etzu usaemfw@kd DKBAu tcsdefxd ygwDv_yf&Sm;r_rsm; wpkH
orm; 200cef@udk pkaqmif;&&SdcJh ae BGFjzpf&if vkyyf ikd cf iG t fh m%m w&m r&Sad o;a=umif; od&onf?
onf[k zmyGefc±dkifrS autJef,l
wyf r [m(5) ±k H ; xd k i f r S L ;apmu
v,f'@kd u ,ckvkd ajymonf?
‚if;u “uwdik w f ad us; . A[dXk mecsKyf rme,fyavmus avma'oudk ppftiftm;wdk;csJŒ
&GmtkyfpkxJu Edk@azmxD;&Gmqdk&if +yD;aemufyikd ;f zmyGecf ±dik /f 'G,vf ;kd um &Sif;vif;&mwGif ppfultjzpf
ta,muf 20ayg?h wcsKŒd &Gmu 15 òrdŒe,fwGif a'ocHt&yfom;rsm; toH;k ðy&ef jzpfEikd af =umif; a0zefr_
a,muf ? i,f w J h & G m qd k & if 7 udk ay:wmtxrf;orm;trsm; rsm;&Sdaeonf? Ô
a,muf/ 8a,muf/ 5a,muf tJ qH;k zrf;qD;jcif;rSm ,ckw}urd o f nf
vdkawmif;w,f? wcsKdŒ&Gmu ol Photo-KIC yxrqHk;jzpf+yD; etzrS rme,fy

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 4


ppfwyf v$waf wmfu,kd p
f m;vS,f pm&if; autJeyf yD D OuUX cl;xJbz
l J
xkwjf yefa=unm+yD vnfacsmif;uifqmeJ@
Zefe0g&Dv 21&uf? jynfe,f(odk@r[kwf) wdkif;a'o ESifh ywfoufI PSDP zm;tHòrdŒ r[kwf) wdkif;a'o}uD; ppfwyf uG,v
f e
G f
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) }uD ; v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f e,f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m; v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJ
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif r=um 222OD;wdk@ yg&Sdonf? vS,f eef;aptGmu “tck 'Dwyfr wGif jynfe,fEiS w fh ikd ;f 7ck&o
dS nft
h
cif usif;yawmhrnfh yxrqHk;t a=unmcsuf Y v$ w f awmf o m; v$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m; euf tenf;qHk;rSm u,m;jynf
}udrf v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;t awmf 3ckteuf jynfe,f(odk@r vS,f 6OD;[m u&ifjynfe,fu e,f (v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
wGuf v$waf wmf 3&yfwiG f yg0if& [kwf) wdkif;a'o}uD;twGif; yg&Sd wdkif;&if;om;ygawGtm;vHk; jynf 5OD;)ESihf trsm;qHk; &Srf;jynfe,f
rnfh wyfrawmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f onfh v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f e,fv$wfawmfu 14OD;/ vlrsLd;pk (v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f 36OD;)
rnfpm&if;udk ppftpdk;&u ,ck rsm;onf jynfe,fEiS fh wdik ;f t}uD; v$waf wmfu 3OD;eJ@ 'Dv 31ae@rmS wdk@jzpfonf[k od&onf?
Zefe0g&Dv 20&ufae@ &ufpGJjzihf ti,ftay: rlwnfI vlOD;a& aejynf a wmf r S m v$ w f a wmf t +yD;cJo
h nfh a&G;aumufyJG
xkwfjyefa=unmvdkufonf? owfrw S x
f m;&m u&ifjynfe,fY pnf;ta0;vdk u&ifjynfe,frSm wGif tEdkif&aom jynfe,f(odk@r
vmrnfZh efe0g&v D 31 6OD; yg&Sd+yD; ‚if;wdk@rSm AdkvfrLS ;csKyf vkyrf hJ jynfe,fvw $ af wmf tpnf; [kwf) wdkif;a'o}uD;ESihf vlrsKd;pk
&ufae@wiG f yxrqH;k t}udrf v$wf aZmfrif;/ AdkvfrSL;}uD; atmifvGif/ ta0;rSm vmwuf&rSmayhg? zGJΠv$ w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f r S t y
awmfac:,lrnfjzpfonfhtwGuf Adv
k rf LS ; xGe;f xGe;f OD; Adv
k }f uD;jrifu
h /kd pnf;yHt k & olw@kd uawmh rJ0ifòydif usefonfh jynfol@v$wfawmfESihf
,refae@u xkwfjyefvdkufonfh Adkvf}uD;aevif;tkyfESihf Adkvf}uD; p&mrvdkbJ tvdkvdk v$wfawmf trsKd;om;v$wfawmf udk,fpm;
pm&if ; t& jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf aZmfrif;xGef;wdk@jzpfonf? udk,fpm;vS,f jzpfwJholawGayhg vS,frsm;onf aejynfawmfY ðy Photo-KIC
ud,
k pf m;vS,f 110OD;/ trsK;d om; etz. u&ifjynfe,f aemf”[k autdik pf u D kd ajymonf? vkyrf nfh v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wkd;wufa&;ygwD OuUX cl;xJblzJ
v$waf wmf ud,k pf m;vS,f 56OD;ESifh ppfwyf v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f xdk@tjyif jynfe,f(odk@ udk wufa&muf&rnf[o k &d onf?
Zefe0g&Dv 28&uf? (bDbDpD) yg0ifcJhwJholwa,mufjzpfygw,f?
pD;yGm;a&;ydwq
f @dk r_ y,fzsufay;&ef wki
d ;f &if;om;ygwD 0g&if h u&if e D acgif ;
aqmif}uD;wa,mufjzpfwJh au
tpkd;&eJ@ typftcwf
&yfpJa&; &,lcJhpOfwkef;u u&ifeD
5ck awmif;qkd tif y D y D u&if e D t rsKd ; om;wk d ;
wufa&;ygwD OuUX cl;xJbzl J rae@
trsK;d om; wk;d wufa&;&nfreS ;f +yD;
tay;t,l !d‡E_dif;r_awG vkyfcJhzl;
Zefe0g&Dv 17&uf? &ef jyifqifr_vkyfaecsdeftwGif; wGuf acwfreD nf;ynm&yfrsm;ESihf aemufcHygwD[k vlodrsm;onfh nu xkid ;f Ekid if ?H rJa[mifaqmifòrdŒ wJh acgif;aqmifwa,mufjzpfyg
apmcg;pl;nm; (autkdifpD) zvk H - pa0:'D r k d u &uf w pf y gwD ukeof ,
G af &;/ &if;ES;D ðryfEaHS &; e,f jynfaxmifp}k uHch idk af &;ESihf zGŒH òzd;wk;d rSm vnfacsmif;uifqma&m*geJ@ w,fv@dk autifyyD D ±k;H tzGŒJ rSL; OD;
tar&duefjynf (PSDP) / csif ; trsKd ; om;ygwD y,frsm;rSm tcuftcJjzpf&onf wufa&;ygwD (USDP)rSmrl t uG,fvGefoGm;yg+yD? }uD;apmu bDbpD u D dk ajymygw,f?
axmif p k E S i f h taemuf Oa&my (CNP)/ rGeaf 'ovk;H qkid &f m 'Dru dk [k tqkdyg ygwD}uD;rsm;. yl;wGJ rwfae&m 882ae&m &&Scd o hJ nf[k ol[m uG,fvGefcsdef acgif ; aqmif } uD ; w
Ekid if rH sm; pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @dk rr_ sm;ukd a&pDygwD (AMRDP)/ &ckid w f idk ;f a=unmcsuf w G i f azmf j yxm; od&onf? rSm touf 74ESp&f +dS yDjzpfygw,f? a,mufqkH;±_H;wJhtwGuf ygwDt
y,fzsufay;&ef u&if/ csif;/ rGef/ &if ; om;rsm; wk d ; wuf a &;ygwD onf? ppftpk;d & ðyvkyu f si;f y vuf&dS jrefrmh Ekid if aH &; wGuf wu,fu h dk epfemr_w&yfjzpf
&ckid Ef iS hf &Sr;f ygw}D uD; 5cku ,ref (RNDP)ESihf &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om;rsm; 2010ck E S p f / Ek d 0 if b m cJhonfh 2010 a&G;aumufyGJt+yD; tajctae&J Πzuf ' &,f q k d w J h +yD; awmfveS af &;ukd qufvufvyk f
ae@wGifh yl;wGJa=unmcsufxkwf 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD (SNDP)rsm; 7&uf a e@Y ðyvk y f o nf h a&G ; ,ckvkd wkdif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;u acgi;f pOfatmufrmS wjcm;wkid ;f &if; aqmifomG ;rSm jzpfygw,fv@dk qkyd g
um wk d u f w G e f ; awmif ; qk d v k d u f u ,ckvdk a=unmcsuf xkwjf yefchJ aumufyGJwGif rJrormr_owif; a=unmcsuf yl;aygi;f xkwjf yefjcif; om;awGe@J twl wufwufºuGºuG w,f?
onf[k od&Sd&onf? jcif;jzpfonf? rsm; xGufay:cJh+yD; ,ck wkdif;&if; rSm yxrOD;qk;H t}udrjf zpfonf?
jref r mEk d i f i H Y ,ck v pD ; yG m ;a&;yd w f q k d @ r_ om;ygwD 5cku pkpak ygi;f trwf Ô
31&ufae@wGif yxrqkH;t}udrf a=umifh jrefrmEkdifiH wkdif;&if;om; ae&m 57ae&m &&SdcJhaomfvnf; pmzwforl sm;xHrS awmif;qdck suf
v$wfawmftpnf;ta0; usif;y a'orsm;wGif zGŒH òzd;wk;d wufa&;t etz ppftpkd;& ausmaxmuf
av;pm;&ygaom pmzwfy&d\wfrsm;?
etz ppfum;tpD; 50ausmf =umtif;qdy}f uD;ESifh
aumhu&dwb
f uf 0ifa&mufvm u&ifowif;Xme (autkid pf )D rS vpOf xkwaf 0v#u&f o
u&ifowif;pOf pmapmifonf zwf&o
dS nfh
_ rl sm;twGuf
Zefe0g&Dv 14&uf? (44)pD;eJ@ acsmif;ESpfcGuae =um &dwfòrdŒe,ftwGif;odk@ 0ifa&muf csKdŒydk@rSmjzpfovdk usKduf'Hkbufu rnfo@kd aom aumif;usK;d / qd;k usK;d
eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) tif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒudk wufvmw,f? v_yf&Sm;vmjcif;rSm rnfonfhtpD aewqihf csLuvd/ uGD;wm[dk; oufa&mufr_rsm;&Sdonf/ vdktyfcsuf tm;enf;csuf
etz ppfuyG u f aJ &;Xm 'D w yf a wG u topf 0 if v mwm tpOfa=umihfqdkonfudk twdt bufuo kd mG ;wJh vrf;a=umif;vnf; rnfo@kd &o
dS nfEiS hf Tpmapmifonf rnfr#ta&;yg
ecsKyf - puc(5)vuf a tmuf c H jzpfw,f”[k autdkifpDudk ajym us/ rod&ao;aomfvnf; vuf&dS &Sdw,fav? usKduf'Hkuaewqihf t&ma&mufa=umif;udk ,ckvxkwf
wyf&if;rsm;onf ,ckZefe0g&Dv onf? ‚if;wd@k EiS fh DKBAwyfzŒJG . wdu k yf JG tJ'b D ufukd tm;jznfo h mG ;zd@k jzpf pmapmifzwf&_+yD;onfhae@rSpI a0zeft}uHay;r_rsm;udk
12&ufae@u ppfum;tpD; (50) xdkae@w&ufwnf;wGif rsm;a=umihf xdkif;-jrefrme,fpyf aumif ; jzpf E d k i f w ,f ” [k ajym
pmrsufESm(2)yg vdyfpmtwdkif; ay;ydk@vmyg&ef
ausmf j zih f =umtif ; qd y f } uD ; ES i h f puc(5)vufatmufc/H tiftm; bufodk@ tm;jznfh&ef a&muf&Sd onf?
aumhu&dwfòrdŒe,ftwGif;odk@ 0if 170cef@&adS om cr&(563)wyf&if; vmjcif;jzpfEikd o f nf[k KNU 'l;y etz puc(5)wyfzGJŒ awmif;qdt k yfygonf?
a&mufv_yf&Sm;vma=umif; xdka' onf ppfum;}uD; 15pD;jzihf aumh vm,mc±dkif twGif;a&;rSL; apm onf +yD;cJhaom 2006rS 2009ck
orS v monf h o wif ; t& od & u&dwfòrdŒe,f eef;a&$r_ef/ a'gufy vpPwefu ,ckvkd cef@reS ;f ajymqdk ESpftxd u&ifjynfe,fajrmuf ,ckvkd awmif;qd&k jcif;rSm autdik pf D
onf? vefrmS a&muf&v dS mcJ+h yD; aemufw onf? ydik ;f awmificl ±kid b f ufwiG f KNU tzGJ@otl zGJ@om;rsm;. pmapmifjzpfajrmufa&;
etz puc(5)vuf ae@ Zef e 0g&D v (13)&uf a e@Y olu “olwdk@wyfawG wyfr[m (2)udk acsre_ ;f ppfqifa&; }udK;yrf;tm;xkwfr_udk todtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh
atmufcH wyf&if;rsm;onf ppf a'guyf vef&mG tjyifbufwiG f a' (etz)u =umtif;uae usKu d 'f kH tjzpf 0ifa&mufv_yf&Sm;cJhpOf a' autdkifpDXme qufvuf &yfwnfa&;twGuf
vufeufypPn;f rsm;/ &dumQ rsm;ESifh ocH KNLA wyf&if;(18) wyfzŒJG udk OD;wnfomG ;zd@k &w
dS ,f? usKu d 'f kH ocHvx l t k ay: ESyd pf ufowfjzwf rsm;pGm ta&;}uD;onft h wGuaf =umifh jzpfonf?
twl Zefe0g&v D 12&ufae@u ppf 0ifrsm;. ajymufusm;wdkufcdkuf rSm wyfpcef;&Sdwmudk;? olwdk@rSm jcif;/ trsKd;orD;rsm;udk rk'drf;usihf
um;tpD; (44)pD;jzihf u&ifjynf jcif;udk cHc&hJ um ‚if;wd@k wyfzŒJG 0if 2 bmtpDtpOfawGeJ@ vmw,fqdk jcif;/ vkyt f m;cdik ;f apjcif;/ ay:wm pmzwfolrsm;xHrS a&muf&Sdvmrnfh t}uHjyKpmrsm;rSm
e,f / =umtif ; qd y f } uD ; òrd Œ od k @ OD ; aoqH k ; um 2OD ; '%f & m&&S d c J h wmud k usaemf w d k @ pH k p rf ; aeyg qGJjcif; ponfhvl@tcGihfta&; csKd;
autdkifpD a&&SnfwnfwHha&;ESifh pmzwfolrsm;twGuf
a&muf&SdvmcJhovkd aumhu&dwf a=umif; xdak 'ocHu ajymonf? w,f? olwdk@ wyftajymif;tvJ azmufr_rsm; usL;vGecf o hJ vdk ‚if;
òrdŒe,ftwGif;rSmvnf; ppfum; xd k a 'ood k @ a&muf & S d vmvkyw f mvm;/ 'grrS [kwf &Si;f wd@k . pucrSL;a[mif; Adv k rf LS ;csKyf rsm;pGm tusKd;&SdEkdifonfjzpfI rjzpfrae ay;ydk@vm=uyg&ef
15pD;jzihf 0ifa&mufv_yf&Sm;vm vmonfh tqdyk g puc(5)wyfzŒJG vif ; r_ a wG vk y f r S m vm;awmh aumif;jrwfrmS autJe, f . l wdu k f wav;wpm; awmif;qdkvdkuf&ygonf?
onf[k a'ocHrsm;u ajymonf? rsm;onf =umtif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒe,f/ usaemfw@kd taotcsmrod&ao; ck d u f r _ a =umih f 2009ck E S p f w G i f
a'ocHwOD;u “+yD;cJw h hJ usKduf'Hke,fodk@ OD;wnfoGm;&ef&Sd bl;? tck zvl;bufu 'DaubD awmifial 'oY usq;kH oGm;cJo h nf? aus;Zl;Oyum&rsm;jzifh
12&uf a e@u puc(5)vuf +yD; autJef,l/ wyfr[m(6)e,f ateJ@ wdkufyGJjzpfaewmudk tJ'D Ô wm0ef c H t ,f ' D w m
atmufcH wyfawGayhg? ppfum; ajrrS =umtif;qdy}f uD;ESifh aumhu usKud 'f bkH ufu vrf;a=umif;eJ@ w
u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 5
(1) twGuf apwema&S›xm; aqmif
ESpfpOf ESpfukefcgeD;&uf &Gufaomvkyf&yfrsm;/ trsm;t
rsm;wG i f ðyaeus xk H ; pH t wk d i f ; usK;d twGuf &nf&, G af jymqkad om

awmifyw
H zufEiS hf csKd;iSuw
f aumif
2010ckEpS t f wGi;f wESpw f m vkyf pum;rsm;rS m xl ; qef ; pG m yif
jzpfcahJ om tvkyrf sm;ESihf rvkyjf zpf tE &W m,fawG txyfxyf 0kid ;f ae
cJah om tvkyaf ºuG;rsm;ukd usaemf .? ta&;rxm;ovkd vspv f sL±_r_
jyefvnf apmif;iJh=unfhcJhonf? rsm;/ rxDrJhjrif oa&mfarmfum; ðy
vkyfjzpfcJhor# tvkyfrsm;twGuf r_rsm;/ ajAmifusus qef@usiw f u dk f
auseyfr_ tenf;i,f&ovkd r M. xufacgif d rf r_ sm;/ tòyH;rsuEf mS zk;H aemuf
cku
vkyjf zpfcahJ om tvkyrf sm;twGuf uG,rf aS eI vufo;D yke;f xk;d r_rsm;/
b0ifrus jzpf&onf? pojzif h taES m uf t ,S u f a wG
2010 ck E S p f t wG i f ; ajctaersm;ESihf uku d n f aD eOD;rnf csuu f ydk g azmfjyoGm;rnf jzpfav 'k@d vufeufcsz@dk ta&; iH ppftyk pf t
k m; rSeu
f efaomvrf; jynfhESufae.?
u&ifowif;pOfwiG f wpfvwnf; jzpfa=umif;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&; onf? vnf; wpufuav;rS ar#mfrawG; a=umif;ok@d OD;wnf&ef qGaJ c:vku d f jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;
jzifh t+yD;tjywf razmfjyEkid af om ud p P r S m rnf o nf h t cgr# rwd r f vkdufeJ@ onfh oDcsif;jzpfonf? npfywf udpPonfvnf; xkd@twlyif jzpf
usaemfhaqmif;yg; 2yk'f &SdcJhonf? aumEkdifonfh ig;yg;oDvw&m; (2) +id r f ; csrf ; a&;twG u f pdwft}uH aumufuspf^m%fawG .? vlwkdif;&oifh&xkdufonfh t
“trsKd ; om;a&; 'D r k d u a&pD a &; rsm;vk d y if acwf t quf q uf pdwu f ;l rvGv J udk ef @J aemf toufw0uf[m vufeufjzpf jzifh rSm;,Gi;f aom vrf;a=umif;ukd ajccH v l @ tcG if h t a&;rsm; jynf h 0
awmfvSefa&;ESifh &efol”[laom apmifx h ed ;f usi}hf uH&ef t+rJwrf; E_;d apwempum; ajymjyr,f w,f? a&S›±_raebJ ausmckdif;xm;aom aom omwlnDr# wef;wl&nfwl
aqmif;yg;ukd av;v azmfjy&+yD; aqmfwkdufwGef;ae&rnfh udpPw &if = um;aph z k d @ &m OD ; vrf;a=umif;rSeb f ufo@dk jyefvn
S hf vGwv f yfpmG ajymqkad &;om; ud;k
“aoewfoHawG =um;ygp” qkd &yfjzpfa=umif; ajymvmcJhonf? wnf=upkd@ (jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; &ef wkdufwGef;xm;onf? uG,f,kH=unf &if;ESD;ðryfESH a&mif;
onfh aqmif;yg;ukdawmh okH;v rS e f . ? oD c sif ; ygt om;csi;f wk@d &ŒJ aoG;awG ---- ra&muf a&mufatmif óud; ToDcsif; a&;om;jzpf 0,fazmufum; aygi;f oif;qufqH
qufI azmfjycJh&onf? aoewf a=umif;t&mrsm;rSm ArmhEkdifiHa&; rcrf;ajcmufao;vnf; aeygap yrf;vSrf;ukdifr,f) jcif;ESiyhf wfoufI xkpd Ofu xm; vkyfukdifcGifhrsm;ukd tumtuG,f
oH a wG =um;ygprS m tjywf t ESifhywfoufI vGefcJhaom ESpf +yD ; cJ h o r# tjzpf a wG &SdcJhaom usaemfh oabmxm;t ay;rnfh ppfreS af om 'Dru dk a&pDa&;
awmufr&Sad omfvnf;/ trsK;d om; aygif; 20cef@rSonf ,cktcsdefxd oifykef;acsvkdufyg@r,f? ±k;d ±k;d om;om; aqG;aEG; jrifrsm;ukd txl;wvnf wifjyae ESihf wk;d wufz@HG òzd;aom Ekid if w H Ekid if H
a&; 'Dru dk a&pDa&; awmfveS af &;ESihf acwfraDS eqJ jzpfonf? vGecf ahJ om =ur,f apwemt&if;cH jyXmef; p&m vkdrnfr[kwfyg? oDcsif;pm xlaxmifzkd@&efrSm xkdEkdifiHY +idrf;
&efol aqmif;yg;uawmh tjywf ESpftwef=umu Armjynf a&'D &efu&dk efcsi;f rwk@H EiS ;f yJ r,f om;awGxJrSm ay:vGifae+yD; jzpf csrf;a&;r&&SdbJ rjzpfEkdif? wu,f
tawmuf &SdcJhonf? jzpf&Sdvm ,kdu xkwfv$ifhcJhonfh tESpfESpf apwemt&if;cHxm;um vGwfvyfyGifhvif; r#w onf? wrf; +idr;f csr;f a&;&&Sad om Ekid if t H
aom tcsed t f cgEiS hf tajctaeay: q,faw;rsm;vkyd if em;qifol y&d rSeu f efpmG ajz&Si;f =upk@d vSpmG aqG;aEG;rS jzpfr,f zkd@ 'Drkdua&pDESifh vl@tcGifhta&;
wGif ta&;}uD;v#if }uD;ovk/d t owf . aomwtm±k H Y wk d ; I jynfolvlxkw&yfvkH; wzufowfzsufodrf; (3) rsm;rSm tvkt d avsmuf jynfph aHk e
a&;r}uD;ao;v#if r}uD;ao;ovkd aygufaeqJyif jzpfonf? &JŒ xm0pOf +idr;f csr;f a&;ukd wwfwhJ tusiahf wG vk;H 0rvkv d m; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd rnfjzpf+yD; xkEd idk if . H wk;d wufz@HG òzd;
vk y f w wf o nf h tavh t xt wck a wmh & S d o nf ? oD pm;yG0J idk ;f rSm aqG;aEG;t a&Smif&Sm;zG,f owfonfh t"du vufonfrSm r_onfvnf; +idr;f csr;f a&;ESit hf wl
wkid ;f xkad qmif;yg; ok;H vazmfjyt csi;f wae&mwGif “oef;av;q,f ajz&Smr,f? v#Kd@0Sufr_rcsef urBmh OD;apm r[kwf? OD;apmonf "m; xuf = uyf r uG m vk d u f y gvmae
+yD; trSwpf Of(4) azmfjy&rnfv h Y ausmf jynfocl ”H [laom pmom; EkdifiHawGyg od=u&r,f? ckwf&m vuf0ifv#Kdvkdufolom rnf jzpfonf?
acwW&yfqkdif;um “atmifjrifpGm yg&o dS nf? ,ae@ArmEkid if . H vuf a'gopdwfeJ@ rkef;rmef jzpf.? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ukd w ok@d &mwGif ArmEkid if H ppf
ausmjf zwfrhJ avSi,f[m jyifqif &S d v l O D ; a&rS m oef ; ajcmuf q ,f yGm;cJw h mvnf; =um&Sn+f yD (&efukd&efcsif; rwkH@ESif; u,f w rf ; owf v k d u f o nf r S m tkyfpkvufatmufY om,mem
+yD”qkdaom aqmif;yg;ukd =um; ausmaf ecJ+h yD jzpfonf? ok@d &mwGif vl@tcGit hf a&;eJ@ 'Dru dk yJ ----- aqG;aEG; tajz&Smr,f) wk d i f ; &if ; om;tcsKd @ pnf ; vk H ; nD aysmzf , G af umif;aom +idr;f csr;f a&;
jzwfxnfhoGif;cJhonf? wkdufyGJ0if tcsdefumvrnfr#yif a&G@avsm a&pD wku d ,
f zl @dk twGuf &nf !Gwrf &_ &Scd ahJ om yifvn Hk v
D mcH. aw;oHrsm;rSm acsmifx;dk xm;cHae
=urnfh wyfrLS ;rsm; &Jabmf&b J uf oGm;apumrl pmom;trsm;pkrSm jynfwGif;ppf&JŒqkd;'%f +id r f ; csrf ; a&;twG u f &v'f yifvkHpmcsKyfESifh zuf'&,f &+yD; wu,fwrf; +idr;f csr;f a&; vkd
rsm;twGuf ta&;w}uD; ajymp acwfESifhtwl vkdufygvmaeqJ oef;av;q,fausmf jynfocl H vkyo f r# tvky[ f m jrifjh rwf rSef jynfaxmifpk ay:xGef;vmawmh vm;olrsm;/ vlrt _ usK;d aqmifrsm;
&mpum;tcsKd @ &S d v mI jzpf . ? jzpfI oDcsi;f ygpmom;rsm; wckw pmempdwfeJ@ 'DtedXm±kH uef jrwfw&m;w,f rnf h ta&;ud p P w k d @ yif jzpf a v . vkyf&yfrsm;taejzifh aESmuf
ajymp&m&Sdwmukd ajymvkduf+yD;rS avr# rjyifqifonfeh nf;wl oef; awGukd tqkH;owf=upkd@? npfywfpdwft}uH onf? *|efvJifEGefukdvnf; pdwf ,Su[ f ef@wm; ydwyf ifrr_ sK;d pku H dk cH
trSwfpOf(4)ukd aemufwvwGif av;q,fausmf qkdaomae&mY aumufusp^f m%fawG[m qk;d &Gm; aemufow l a,mufu owfomG ; ae&avonf?
qufvuf azmfjycJo h nf? vnf; oef;ajcmufq,fausmf[k jynfwGif; +idrf;csrf;a&; &SufzG,f jcif; r[kw?f Imagine oDcsi;f u ppf r uf j zpf y G m ;r_ r&S d
2010 ck E S p f t wG i f ; jyifraeawmhbJ xko d cD si;f a&;pOfu EkdifiHa&;t& jzpfwJhjy\em trJpufrxifwhJ orkid ;f owfomG ;cJjh cif; jzpfonf? rmwif v#if +idr;f csr;f a&;qkad om a0g[m&
vkyjf zpfco hJ r#udk jyefvnf apmif;iJh ArmjynfvlOD;a& Ta&GŒTr# &Sd EkdifiHa&;enf;eJ@rS ajy a=umif;w0ufudk jyefqufz@dk pdwf vlomuif; *sLeD,mukd “usaemfh vnf; r&SEd idk ?f ppfyEJG iS hf awGŒóuH&rS
vSeaf vSm =unf±h &_ if;rSmyif xkpd Of onf[laom rSwfwrf;taejzifh vnfr,f ul;uG,f rSm tdyrf ufwck &Syd gw,f” tp&Sd om +idrf;csrf;a&;. t&omukd
u avmavmq,f ta&;w}uD; Ttwkdif;yif trSwfw& xm;&Sd jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; rS m ;,G i f ; r_ & J @ aemuf aom rdef@cGef;pum;rsm;u owf vnf; cHpm;em;vnfEkdif=urnf
wifjyp&m ta=umif;tcsufrsm; vkdufygonf? vlwkdif;ar#mfrSef;csuf yef;wkdif ausmwbufrSm trSef&Sdw,f? oGm;cJjh cif; jzpf.? vifueG ;f ukd aiG jzpfonf? +idrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&eft
&dSaeaoma=umifh t&dyft¹rGufr# ,ckvdk ESpaf [mif;rS ESpf ra&mufa&mufatmif 0,fu|efpepf zsufodrf;onfhvkyf wGuf yÉdyuQjzpfaeolcsi;f wzuf
om wykid ;f wp azmfjyEkid +f yD; tcGihf opf o k d @ ajymif ; vJ a &muf & S d v m óud;yrf;vSrf;ukdifr,f? (jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&; &yfrsm;u owfoGm;cJhjcif;jzpf.? ESifhwzuf aphpyfaqG;aEG;&onf?
oif h a omtcgusrS tjynf h t pk H onfh tcgor,wGif Armjynf ------ ra&muf a&mufatmif r[wWr*ENu D adk wmh ‚if;. 0HomEk tav#mhtwif; tay;t,l n‡d
azmfjyay;rnf[q k u dk m ab;csw d f om;rsm;twG u f ES p f o pf v uf wzGJ@csif;cGJ+yD; oD;jcm; óud;yrf;vSrf;ukdifr,f) pdwf"mwfjyef@yGm;a&; vkyf&yfrsm; E_dif;r_rsm; vkyf&onf?
xm;cJhaom ta=umif;t&mwck aqmif t jzpf 2009ck E S p f u t awGŒyap tm;vkH;eJ@awmh awGŒrS ESifh t=urf;rzuf qENjyyGJ acgif; aph p yf a qG ; aEG ; a&;rS m
ukv d nf; 2009ckEpS f vufusef t aºuG;wifaecJ+h yD; 2010ckEpS f wESpf jzpfr,f 1993- 1994 ckEpS rf sm; aqmifr_rsm;u owfoGm;cJhjcif; wku d yf rJG sm;t=um;rSom xGuaf y:
vk y f a ºuG ; tjzpf awG Œ &S d v k d u f & vk;H jyefvnfwifjycGihf róuHóuducf hJ ausmif;om; !Ge@f aygi;f twGi;f 'l;yvm,mc±kid rf S ±ku d uf ;l jzpfavonf? vm&jcif; jzpfonf? wkdufyGJr&Sd
onf? 2009ckEpS f atmufwb dk m aom ToDcsi;f tjynft h pku
H dk azmf &[ef;ysKdrusefatmif (rif;wkd@) cJo h nfh cspaf omaumfo;l av rSwf taumif ; tqk d ; t v#if aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&;vnf; r&Sd
v “oef;acgix f ufeufaom nOfh jy&awmhrnf jzpfonf? wquf awGŒ=u&r,f wrf;wif owif;pOf AD', D t
dk acGY usK;d tjypfudk tod^m%f&o dS w l idk ;f Ekid ?f jyefvnfwu dk cf udk jf cif; rðyEkid f
rsm;” aqmif;yg;wGif yg&Sdaom wnf ; rS m yif usaemf w k d @ acgif ; vlxck spw f ahJ cgi;f aqmif vnf;aumif;/ 1994 ck atmufwdk yif em;vnf=u.? b,fvv dk yk &f yf olrsm;tay: wbufowf tEkid f
“awmifyHwpfzufESifh csKd;iSufwpf aqmifrsm; tESpfESpftvv óud; vspfvsL±_vkd@ r&bl;aemf bmv rme,fyavmY usif;ycJh rsKd;awGu ewfvlom"kac:zG,f&m usifhr_/ &ykdifcGifhrsm; ydwfyifzdESdyfr_/
aumif”oDcsi;f yif jzpf.? yrf;aqmif&u G cf +hJ yD; t}udr}f udrt f olygygrS jzpfr,f csef aom tem*wf zuf'&,fjynf jzpfonf/ b,ftðytrlrsK;d awGu vl@tcGit hf a&; csK;d azmufr/_ t"rR
rdwfaqGwOD;uvnf; zefzef oJxaJ &oGef ysujf y,fc&hJ vSyf rxm;oifw h ,f? axmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH zGJŒpnf;tkyf awmh vl,kwfvlnHhwkd@. trlt zrf;qD;ckdif;apr_/ t"rR ppfom;pk
wykid ;f wpazmfjycJah om xko d cD si;f aom pdwful;tdyfrufrsm; jyef csKyfyHk tajccH Oya'a&;&m ES;D aESm usifhrsm;jzpf+yD; vltrsm; uJh&JŒp aqmif;r_/ tkd;tdrfajr,mrsm;ukd
ukd ,ckvkdtcsdefrsKd;Y tjynfhtpkH vnf & S i f o ef taumif t xnf (&efukd&efcsif; rwkH@ESif; zvS,fyGJta=umif; jynfhjynfhpkHpkH &m jzpfonf/ bmawGudk vkyo f ifh avsmaf =u;ray;bJ t"rR odr;f ,l
azmfjyay;zkd@oifha=umif;ESifh xkdoD ay:vmEkdifa&; ar#mfvifhvsuf , yJ ---- aqG;aEG; tajz&Smr,f) ±kduful;xm;onfh AD'D,kdrSwfwrf; vkyfxkduf+yD; bmawGukdawmh r r_/ wkid ;f jynf. o,HZmwtm;vk;H
csif;yg ta=umif;t&mrsm;tay: cif 1993-94 ckEpS w f ek ;f u oabm acGrsm;Yvnf;aumif; awmifyw H pf vkyo f ifh rvkyx f u dk f ponfw@dk udk vuf0g;}uD;tkyf csKyfuidk cf s,v f , S f
pd w f 0 if p m;=uol r sm;vnf ; &S d xm;twk d i f ; r[k w f a wmh a om oyfv#KdaoG;cGJ zdESdyfzkd@ zufEiS hf csK;d iSuw f pfaumif oDcsi;f vnf; vlpw d &f o dS w l idk ;f cGjJ cm;em; r_/ avmif;upm;0kid ;f rsm; jynfw h ef
a=umif;/ 1993-1994ckEpS rf sm;t 2011ckESpftwGuf “awmifyHwpf &m vkH;0r}uHeJ@ wu,frSm;r,f ukd =um;=u&rnf jzpfonf? vnfEkdif=urnf jzpfonf? qm±krH sm;ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;rsm; ayg
wGif;u a&;om;oDqkdcJhaom oD zuf E S i f h csKd ; iS u f w pf a umif ” [l AsL±kdua&pD tusifhqkd; awmifyHwzufESifh csKd; ok d @ &mwG i f avmu rsm;apr_/ pm&dwWr¾Kdif,kdifeJ@ol
csi;f jzpfonfw h idk f ,ckvufiif; t aom oabmxm; t"dyg` ,zf iG q hf dk rsm;ukd vlawGtm;vk;H u od=u+yD iSuw f aumifonf vuf&dS ArmEkid f aumif;usK;d / vltrsm;aumif;usK;d pmrsuEf mS (7)ok@d æ
u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 6
Zefe0g&Dv 12&uf? yavma'oodk@ a&muf&Sdvm&m touf 20t&G , f “usaemfu 1&ufae@rmS ppfwyfe@J etz wyf r sm;ac: “etzawGu usaemfwdk@bufrSm
eef;azmha* (autdik pf )D ‚if;wdk@. wyfpcef;xdkif&m =u,f tif;pdeaf xmifrS +idr;f csr;f u “0ef ygvmwm? vrf ; rS m uwnf ; u aqmifvmonfh ay:wmrsm;rSm awmh rme,fyavm*GifrSmyJ ay:
u&if j ynf e ,f & S d au ajymif u k e f ; ta&muf w G i f ac: xrf;awGu xrf;&wmtwlwlyg vGw&f ufaphwmudk jyefrv$waf y; tusOf ; om; trsm;pk j zpf a omf wmawG ac:vmwm 200ausm&f dS
tJef,l wyfr[m (7)e,fajrt aqmifvmonfh ay:wmtxrf;o yJ? olwdk@u ay:wmawGudk 0ef; bl;cifAs? axmifuae vmxkwf vnf; zm;tHòrdŒt0ifEiS fh txGuf w,f ? usef w J h a e&mawG r S m u
wGif;odk@ etzwyfr(22) vuf rm;rsm;ud k awmif w uf v rf ; t xrf ; vd k @ ac:w,f ? ol w d k @ pm;wJ h oGm;wke;f u axmifajymif;rvdv k /kd wGif t&yfom;tcsKŒd udk ay:wmt ajymufusm;v_yf&Sm;aeawmh rdkif;
atmufcHwyfrsm;ESihf ygvmonfh wdkif; vufeuf/ usnfqH/ qef &dumQ qefawG/ qDawG/ vufeuf vrf;azmufrvdv k kd bmrSrajymbJ jzpf twif;t=uyf ±kdufESufac: xdrSmpdk;vdk@ olwdk@rvmbl;? tck
ay:wmrsm;rS tusO;f om;ay:wm &duQmrsm; o,faqmifcdkif;cJh+yD; r usnfqHawG/ AHk;awGxrf;&w,f? &J a wG u ac:vmwm? tif ; pd e f aqmifvmcJhao;a=umif; tusOf; vmwJ h w yf a wG u cr&(201)/
5OD; ,ck&ufydkif;twGif; u&ihft xrf;Edkifolrsm;udk ppfom;rsm;u usaemfxrf;&wmu tav;csdef axmifuae zm;tHukd wdu k ±f u
dk yf @kd om;ay:wmrsm;u ajymonf? (202)/ (204)/ (205)eJ@ (209)wd@k
rsKd ; om;vG w f a jrmuf a &;wyf z G J Œ ±d k u f E S u f E S d y f p uf o nf h t wG u f tm;jzihaf wmh qeftw d f wpftw d f ygw,f? zm;tHaxmifrSm wpfn ppftpdk;&wyfrsm;onf yJ? e*dk&Sdxm;wmu puc(19)&JŒ
KNLAxH xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmuf xGufajy;&jcif;jzpfa=umif; vGwf cGJavmuf&Sdw,f? om;vnf; ESpf tdyf+yD; reufus ppfum;udk jrif wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifawmf wyf&if; 4&if;eJ@ wdkif;wyfw&if;
vmcJhonf[k autdkifpDu pHkprf; ajrmufvmolrsm;. ajymjycsuf &ufyJxrf;+yD; tm;wif;xm;wm awmhrS ay:wmrSef;odwmcifAs? vSeaf &;a'orsm;od@k xd;k ppfqif&if av”[k ajymonf?
od&Sd&onf? t& od&onf? rxrf;Edkifawmhbl;? ykcHk;awGvnf; usaemfrodvdk@ ar;csifwmu w ay:wmrsm;udk ppfajrjyifodk@ ac: autJef,l wyfr[m
rG e f j ynf e ,f / awmif awmifpeG ;f axmifrS 0if; em+yD;? ajcaxmufawGuvnf; r &m;±k;H uvnf; axmifom;awGukd aqmifvmavh&Sda=umif; etz (7)e,fajrY etz cr&(343)u
pG e f ; axmif r S 0if ; atmif a Zmf / atmifaZmf 30ESpu f “usaemfw@kd &awmhbl;? nbufusawmh 0ef w&m;rpD&ifbJ bmvdk@awmxJudk ,mOfwef;vHòk cHa&;ESifh cr&(61)u

etz. tusOf;om;ay:wm 5OD; xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufvm


&efuek w f ikd ;f tif;pdeaf xmifrS +idr;f xGuv f mwm tusO;f om;csn;f yJ xrf;awG tdyfcsdef acsmufxJvSdrfh ay:wmyd k @ &wmvJ a yh g ”[k ajym wyfajy;rsm;. ajymjycsufrsm;t vrf;vHkòcHa&;udk wm0ef,lae&+yD;
csr;f / pHayg/ 0if;ausmEf iS hf at;rif;wd@k 700&Sdw,f? usaemfwdk@ awmif cs+yD; xGufajy;vmvdkufwmyJ” onf? & od&onf? tusOf;om;rsm;ESihf a&muf&Sdvm
onf Zefe0g&v D 4&ufae@ 11&uf pGef;axmifu axmifom; 100? autdkifpDudkajymonf? etzwyfrsm;onf t etzwyf r sm;onf onf h wyf r (22)rS m e,f a jrcH
ae@twG i f ; wyf r (22)vuf ay:wmxJrmS t&yfom;awGvnf; etz ppfwyfonf t usOf ; om;ay:wmrsm;ud k wyf u&ifjynfe,ftwGif; +yD;cJhonfh puc(19)wyfrsm;ESihf r=umcif
atmufcH wyf&if;rsm;rS xGuaf jy; 120avmufygw,f? usaemfvu kd f a=umif ; jycsuf r &S d b J tif ; pd e f / ypPnf;&duQmrsm; xrf;ydk;cdkif;onfh a&G;aumufyrJG pS I Ed0k ifbm/ 'DZif wyfcsed ;f &ef&adS omfvnf; vuf&tdS
um xdak 'owGif v_y&f mS ;aeonfh &wJhwyfu (208)wyf&if;? ay: om,m0wD / rE W a v;/ o&uf / tjyif ‚if;wdk@wyfzGJŒ. a&SŒrS rdkif; bmvtwGif; ajymufusm;v_yf csdefwGif e,fajr&Sif;vif;a&; vkyf
KNLAwyf&if; (202) 'k&if;rSL; wmawGu vlwpfa,mufudk t awmifpGef;/ armfvòrdifESihf zm;tH &Sif;ud&d,mozG,f oGm;cdkif;ae &Sm;um ‚if;wd@k wyf&if;wyfzŒJG rsm; aqmif r nf j zpf a =umif ; e,f p yf
Ad k v f r S L ;apmwmrvmwyf z G J Πod k @ av;csed f 40-50avmuf&w dS hJ qef axmifrsm;rS tusOf;om;rsm;udk onf h t wG u f rd k i f ; eif ; rd o l r sm; udk wdkufcdkufaeonfh wdk;wuf owif;rsm;t& od&onf?
a&muf & S d v mcJ h j cif ; jzpf a =umif ; wdk@ AHk;oD;wdk@ tpHko,f&ygw,f? 800ausmfudk ac:xkwfvmcJh+yD; vnf;&Sdaea=umif; udk,fwdkifjrif aom Ak'b < mom u&iftrsK;d om; puc(19). usefwyf
KNLAwyfr[m(7) 'k±kH;xdkifrSL; usaemfqdk tav;csdefydom 50 zm;tH(awmifuav;)axmifodk@ awGŒcJoh l at;rif; 25ESpu f “ay: wyfrawmf DKBAESihf KNLA &if;rsm;ESifh puc(12)vufatmuf
Ad k v f } uD ; apmrsKd ; rif ; ol u ajym avmuf&SdwJh usnfqHt}uD;awG a&muf&Sdvmum xdkrSwqihf rm wmawGu rdkif;uGif;xJ oGm;vm wyfrsm;udk tjrpfjywf acsr_ef;&ef cH wyfrsm;onf autJe, f l wyfr
onf? o,f&w,f? tckxGufajy;vm& e,fyavmESifh zvl;/ a0:ava'o ae&awmh rdik ;f eif;rdwmawGvnf; twGuf 2011ckEpS /f Zefe0g&v D 1 [m(6)e,fajrbufwGif v_yf&Sm;
etzwyfr (22)vuf wmuvnf; xrf;&wJh0efawGu rsm;od@k e,fajrcGu J m ppfum;wpf trsm;}uD;yJ? ay:wmxJu rdkif;rd &ufae@u tusO;f om;rsm;udk a&SΠae+yD; xdak 'obufo@kd etzwyf
atmufcH wyf&if; 5&if;onf t rEdkifvdk@ olwdk@u ±dkufykwfESdyfpuf pD;v#if vHòk cHa&;ppfom; 8OD;/ ay: wJoh u
l kd usaemfu, kd wf ikd af wGŒwm wef;ppfajrjyifodk@ ay:wmtjzpf rsm; ac:aqmifomG ;cJo h nfh tusO;f
usO;f om;ay:wmrsm;ESit fh wl au +yD; aoewf'ife@J xv k @kd usaemfw@kd wm 20cef@pD wifaqmifa&muf&Sd 3a,muf & S d + yD ; ? b,f o l r S v nf ; ac:aqmifvmcJjh cif;jzpfonf? om;ay:wmrsm;vnf ; e,f p yf
tJe, f w l yfzŒJG 0ifrsm; ae&m,lvy_ f rcHEdkifvdk@ xGufajy;vmwmyg”[k vmjcif;jzpfonf? aq;rukay;bl;? aovlvykd J xm; KNLAwyfr[m (7)'k buf o d k @ tvm;wl xG u f a jy;
&Sm;aeonfh vdi_ ;f bGòJ rdŒe,f/ rme,f qdkonf? armif+idrf;csrf;u w,f”[k qdo k nf? ±k;H xdik rf LS ; Adv
k }f uD;apmrsK;d rif;olu v#uf&Sdonf[k od&onf?

awmifyw
H zufEiS hf csK;d iSuw
f aumifrS tquf æ ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&; urf;vSrf; u u&ifwyfrsm; ae&m,lykH/ t vnfc. hJ ? [efaqmifrsuEf mS zk;H t &if;om; wef;wltcGit hf a&;eJ@ vl
onfukd autJef,lacgif;aqmif ajrmufvufeuf}uD;rsm; ae&mcs òyH;wkrsm; aemufu, G rf S r±k;d om; xk'Drkdua&pDa&;awGyJ? 'DtcGifht
rsm; tusiyhf suaf zmufjym;olrsm;/ vsL±_cHae&rnfom jzpfonf? rsm;u oabm±kd;jzifh oGm;a&muf xm;ykHESifh yx0Dtaetxm;rsm; aom rsuEf mS &dyf rsuEf mS uJrsm;ukd a&;awGudk ay;vku d yf g? tJ'v D adk y;
ol&Jabma=umifolrsm;jzifh usef; Akvd rf LS ;csKyEf w
_ cf rf;ar$;wk@d awGŒqkHcJhonf? apmbOD;}uD;wkd@/ ukd waphwapmif; tuJcwfomG ; vnf; awGŒodc&hJ .? r,fq&dk if jynfwiG ;f rSma&m jynfy
rma&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ ynma&; u¾ wyfzGJŒrsm;taejzifh aoG;ylatmif ref;*srd ;f pfxeG ;f atmifw@dk oGm;awGŒ Ekid =f uonf? u&ifjynfe,fta&; ppftkyfpku ‚if;wkd@ESifh rSmyg cifAsm;wkd@ e0w[m wkdif;
toD;oD;Y tppt&m&m c|wòf cH awmif rwku d &f ao;cifrmS yif ppf cJ=h u.? apmbOD;}uD;wk@d udk u&if ajyvnfawmhrnf/ +idrf;csrf;a&;& ajyvnfpGm aqG;aEG;Ekdif&efa&;t jynf u k d wu,f c spf w J h o l a wG
usap+yD; wwkid ;f wjynfv;Hk ukd ppf tkyfpku aphpyfaqG;aEG;zkd@&ef t jynf t a&;ud p P w&m;Oya' awmhrnf[laom ar#mfvifhcsuf wGuf wjcm;enf; wjcm;ykpH t H opf u,fwifwo hJ al wGtaeeJ@ cspcf if
u|eftjzpf oGwfoGif;r_rsm;om b,fah =umifh t}udr}f udrt f zefzef abmiftwGif;rS qufvkyf&ef r jzifh zqyvwyfrsm; ‚if;wk@d ae&m rsm;ukd rvkdvm;? autkdifatu av;pm;cH = u&rS m yJ v k d @ ajymcJ h
tpOf r jywf & S d a ernf jzpf a v urf;vSrf;aecJh&oenf;? rSefuef vd r f h w ywf a jymqk d + yD ; vl t jrif ok@d vmvnf=uonfudk aysmaf ysmf vkyfonfh enf;twkdif; autkdif w,f?”
onf? aom wkdufyGJukd azmfaqmifEkdif aumif;atmif vufeuftenf; yg;yg; vufcHcJh=uaom u&ifwkd@ atykpH H “autkid af t rk'd ,fbJ vkd “usaemf a jymwmuk d
ppftyk pf o k nf vlxu k dk aoma=umifh jzpf.? ppfwkdufol i,fcsyGJukd OD;aomf yef;uefpufY rSm aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&; ysujf ym;+yD; csifw,f”[k ‚if;wkd@. oabm olwkd@ wu,fvkyf&if jynfolvl
OD;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f &Sad om a':atmif rsm;uko d m ppftyk pf u k aphpyfaqG; vky&f ef vufrw S af &;xk;d oabm wkdufyGJjyefponfhtcgwGif tvl; xm;ukd t&Sufuif;rJhpGm ajymcJh xk w&yfvkH;uvnf; wu,fyJ
qef;pk=unf. tcef;u¾ukd t aEG;a&; vkyfrnfjzpf+yD; ppfrwkduf wlnDcsuf &,lcJh=u.? ref;bZef tvJ cH&awmhonf? onf? Ekid if aH &;jy\emrsm;ukd Ekid f av;pm;=unf!dk tm;uk;d vm=u
odtrSwfrðyyJ aeIr&onfhwkdif olrsm;ukrd l aphpyfaqG;aEG;&ef rvkd u xko d @dk vufeufcs&ef aqG;aEG;r_ &efo. l aphpyfaqG;aEG; iHa&;enf;jzifh w&m;r#wpGm oGm; rS m yg? tJ ' g trS e f w &m;yg?
ol r . urf ; vS r f ; r_ u k d tb,f h tyfaoma=umifh ol@bufu urf; ukd vufrcHEkdifbJ autJef'Dtkd a&; urf ; vS r f ; r_ r sm;uk d t,k H r a&mufaqG;aEG; n‡Ed id_ ;f vkad om au usaemfw@dk u 'DtrSew f &m;ay:rSm
a=umifh vspfvsL±_xm;oenf;? vSrf;vdrfhrnf r[kwfovkd ol@ukd wyfrLS ;taejzifh zqyvESihf xyfrH vG , f z k d @ / tik d u f r rd z k d @ vk d o nf ? tJef,lacgif;aqmifrsm;rSm bmr# &yf+yD; apwemaumif;eJ@ ajymwm
w&m;r#waom wku d yf u
JG dk razmf urf;vSrf;vmv#ifvnf; vufcH awGŒqkH ajymqkcd . hJ ? tqifrajycJh 1996ckEpS f 'l;yvm,m c±kid Of uUX txl;wvnf ta&;rqkdEkdif=u? yg? vdrw f m nmwm ajr‡mufwm
aqmifEidk I
f jzpf.? ,Ofaus;aom vdrfhrnf r[kwfacs? acs? aphpyfaqG;aEG; ajymqkad e=u }uD; zl;wmt,fESifh autJef,l “usaemfw@dk t&if oGm; yifwh m rygygb;l ? wu,fvyk &f if
urBmhEkdifiH}uD;rsm;u vufcHEkdif ok d @ &mwG i f ppf t k y f p k onfh &ufrsm;twGif; zqyv twGi;f a&;rSL; y'krd ef;&Smwk@d tzGŒJ . aqG;aEG;=uwJh wkdif;&if;om;tzGJŒ wu,f h u k d *k % f o a&&S d r S m yg?
aomfvnf; ArmEkid if EH iS hf uku d n
f rD _ urf;vSr;f onfh aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&; wyfrS &JabmfwyfrSL;wyfom;rsm; aphpyfaqG;aEG;a&; c&D;pOfwkef;u awGeJ@ aqG;aEG;cJhovkdygyJ? vuf 'gayrJh 'Dvdk *k%&f w dS thJ vkyu f dk ol
r&Sod nfh t=urf;rzufa&; ay:v rSm +idrf;csrf;a&;ukd OD;wnfonfh u u&ifwkd@ ae&m,lxm;onfh vnf ; &ef o l w k d @ . apwemo eufcs tnHhcHckdif;wmygyJ? 'gayrJh wk@d rvky&f =J ubl;? *k%o f a&r&Sw d hJ
pDukd vGJrSm;pGm ukdifpGJxm;aom aqG;aEG;a&;r[kwfrSef; odxm;zkd@ ppf r suf E S m rsm;ok d @ vma&muf abmxm;ukd eD;uyfpmG awGŒxd od w&m;0if aqG;aEG;wmr[kwfbJ tvkyaf wGuo dk m olw@dk vky&f =J u
a=umifh jzpf.? t=urf;zuforl sm; vk d o nf ? ‚if ; wk d @ . aph p yf u rf ; vnfywf=uonf? wbufESifhw &Scd =hJ u.? xko d w
l @dk taejzifh vlxk tvGwo f abm aqG;aEG;=uzk@d t w,f? vkyaf e=uw,f? 'gah =umifh
tm; umuG,fwkef@jyefjcif;/ t vSr;f r_ tay;t,lrsm;ukd tiku d f buf wkdufckdufp&m rvkdawmhbJ aumif;usK;d b,fawmhrS vkyrf nfr cGifhay;wJhtwGuf usaemfhtaeeJ@ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;ukd 'DvlawG
=urf;zufr_atmufrS ±kef;xGuf&ef rrdzkd@ vkdonf? aphpyfn‡dE_dif;um +idrf;csrf;a&;& [kwfrSef;/ vlxkvkdvm;aom 'Drkd aqG;aEG;cJhwmuawmh 'Dae@wkdif; b,fawmhrS vkyfrSmr[kwfzl;qkd
óud;pm;jcif;wk@d rmS t=urf;zufjcif; 1949ck E S p f tif ; pd e f atmif vkyfae=u+yDjzpfI u&if ua&pD tcGifhta&;awGukd ay; jynfrmS cifAsm;wk@d vyk &f if wu,f wm usaemf aumif;aumif; o
r[kwfrSef; oabmaygufvm+yD wkdufyGJjzpfI ESpfvausmfcef@t wyfrsm;uvnf; 0rf;omtm;& rnfr[kwrf eS ;f / wkid ;f &if;om;wk@d . jzpfygw,f? 'DtcGiahf umif;ukd cif abmayguf y gw,f ? ”[k zl ; wm
jzpfonfh vlxkukd rSefuefpGm a&S› =umrSmyif OD;Ek zqyvu aphpyf yif óudq=dk uonf? ESpb f ufwyfrLS ; &ykid cf iG rhf sm; ydwyf ifxm;r_uv dk nf; Asm;wkd@ wu,fvkyfapcsifw,f? t,fu ajymcJah vonf?
aqmifr_ rðyEkdifao;or# vlxk aqG;aEG;a&;pum; urf;vSr;f vmcJh wyfom;awGcsi;f &if;&if;ES;D ES;D quf b,faomtcgr# vufv$wfrnf usaemfw@dk wkid ;f jynfrmS vufiif; (a&S @ v quf z wf y g?)
acgi;f aqmif. urf;vSr;f r_rmS vspf onf? r[kwfwm vkyfrnfht}uH qHajymqk=d u&if; zqyvwyfrsm; r[kwfrSef; zl;wmt,fwkd@ em; ta&;}uD;qkH;udpPuawmh wkdif;

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 7


t&G,af &mufowl i
dk ;f ppfrr
_ xrf;rae&
Oya'tay: u&ifvi l ,fEp
S Of ;D . vku
d f 0Hh rSm vm;
tjrifoabmxm; (vuFm'Dy)
apm[ef ò z;vif ; 20ES p f (&ef u k e f )
jrefrmjynfrmS ppfrr_ xrf;rae& Oya'ta=umif; usaemft h jrifav; ajymyg&ap? wu,fawmh tJ'OD ya'u t&rf;udk wzufowfqef igjh ynfol igv
h rl sK;d
w,f? bmvd@k vq J akd wmh vlwpfa,muf[m ppfr_ 3ESpf xrf;aqmif&rhJ tajctaewpfcck ak =umifh 5ESpf xyfxrf;aqmif&vdrrhf ,f? +yD;awmh etzeJ@ ajcaeqk;d &Gm;vSygaygh
wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd =f um;rSm ydqk ;kd wJh wif;rmvmr_awG jzpfvmEdik yf gw,f? aumif;usK;d csr;f omrJph mG
ppftpd;k &&JΠtcsKyftjcmtm%m wnfwzhH @kd vkyaf qmifjcif; jzpfygvrd rhf ,f? tckq&kd if usaemf vli,fawmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk ar;=unfyh g ae&mwum atmufusaemufuse@J
w,f? olw@kd awGu róudu=f ubl;? bma=umifrh óuduw f mvJqw
kd m olw@kd vnf; rodb;l wJ?h róudu&f if b,fvv kd yk rf vJv@kd ar;awmh olw@kd ppfrr_ xrf; rdbrJo h m; a&a0;ig;yrm
csifygbl;wJh? twwfEdkifqHk; a&SmifvGJcsifygw,fwJhav? olwdk@awGudk ar;=unfhawmh wcsKdŒu EdkifiHjcm;oGm;&if rxrf;aqmif&bl;? bkef;}uD;0wf vl;vGe@f um avmu"Hx?J
vduk &f if rxrf;aqmif&bl;? tajcmufjzpf&if rxrf;aqmif&bl;wJ?h wcsKŒd uvnf; Oya'u aumv[vygwahJ v?
igjh ynfaxmif igeh ,fajr
eef ; ,rif ; a0 (acwW ' d e f ; rwf ) o,HZmwawG
EdkifiHom;wdkif; touf 18ESpfjynfh&if ppfr_rxrf;rae&qdkwJh Oya'[m trsm;tm;jzifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;+yD; wdk;wufwJh EkdifiHwdkif;rSm ya'o&mZfawGvufxJ
&S=d uygw,f? 'gayrJh wjcm;Edik if aH wGrmS ppfrx _ rf; 3ESpjf ynfhwmeJ@ quf+yD; ppfrx _ rf;csi&f ifxrf;/ rvkycf sib f ;l qd&k ifvnf; vG,v f , G u
f u
l el @J ppfwyfu 0uf0ufuo JG rd ;f qnf;cH&
xGufcGifhay;ygw,f? ppfr_rxrf;wJholawGudk wcsKdŒEdkifiHawGrSm axmifcs&ifvnf; 3ESpfyJcsw,f? wcsKdŒEdkifiHrSmqkdvnf; touf 18ESpfjynfhvdk@
wpp vk;H yg;yg;oGm;
ppfrr_ xrf;olawGukd axmifcsrt hJ pm; 'Dval wGukd tjyifrmS tvkyf 2ESp/f 3ESpaf vmufvyk +f yD; tpd;k &owfrw S w f ahJ iGukd ay;qyf&ygw,f? 'Dval wGukd
igo
h m;orD;ta&;
axmifcsvu kd &f if Edik if aH wmfaiG tuket f usrsm;w,fv@kd ajymygw,f? usrwd@k Eidk if rH mS vnf; tJ'v D jkd zpfcsiyf gw,f? wjcm;Edik if aH wGrmS jynfyusL;ausmf
wmudk umuG,Ef ikd zf @kd twGuf ppfrx _ rf;&r,fv@kd ajymwmyg? usrwd@k Eikd if rH mS usawmh wdik ;f &if;om;vufeufuikd f awmfveS af &;tzGŒJ awGukd wdu k cf ukd f wpufuav;rS olriJ?h
Ekid zf @kd óudwifumuG,+f yD; ppfAv dk cf sKyfawG tm%mwnf+rJa&;udk OD;pm;ay;aewmyg? ppftpd;k &u xkwjf yefwhJ Oya'opfrmS ppfrr_ xrf;ygu axmif
5ESpf jypf'%fcsrw S rf nfqw kd mu Edik if t H ay: wd;k wufcsiv f @kd vyk w
f mvm;/ Edik if o
H El ikd if o
H m;awGukd pdwq f if;&J/ ud, k q f if;&Jjzpfatmif vkyw f mvm; igph may ig,
h Ofaus;r_
'grSr[kwf AdkvfcsKyfawG ae&m+rJzdk@vkyfwmvm;? e,fjcm;apmifhwyfawGudk pdwfrcs/ r,Hk=unfvdk@vm; ar;p&mwpfckyg? wm;qD;ðy olcsKyfcs,f
Adv k cf sKyfawGrmS vuf&dS ppfrx _ rf;aewJh ppfom;awG/ wyfro d m;pkawGq&kd if olw@kd &wJv h pmav;eJ@ rvHak vmufv@kd olrsm;qDrmS oGm;+yD; uef@owfe,f t0ef;0kid ;f vrf;
tvkyv f yk =f u&w,f? aemuf+yD; ppfom;awG[m ,Ofaus;odraf rGŒ&rSmxuf ±dik ;f pkid ;f wJph um;awGuykd J ajymwwfaewmu wdik ;f jynfudt k yk cf sKyfz@kd usO;f cszrf;qD;cHae&ayg?h
t&nftcsi;f xuf ta&twGuu f vkd +kd yD; aoewfarmif;ðzwfwwf&if &+yDq+kd yD; ppfwyfxu J kd r&ruoGi;f wmygy?J 3ESpjf ynfv h @kd ppfwyfu xGucf sif
&ifawmif aiGay;rS xGuv f @kd &rJo h abmyJ jzpfvmEkid yf gw,f? nDaemifw@dk a&æ
touf 18ESpjf ynfv h @kd 3ESpf ppfrx _ rf;wJo h al wGukd ppfoufwrf;rjynfch ifrmS ppfAv kd cf sKyfawGu a&SŒwef;awGrmS a&SŒuwif+yD; xd;k ppfqifz@kd igeh ,fajrawG,l
aumif;aumif; toH;k csEidk w f ,f? bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh 'Dval wGu wyfrawmfrmS t=um}uD; ppfrx _ rf;rJoh l r[kww f thJ wGuf 'Dval wG a&SŒwef;rSmao igjh ynfoal wGupdk aw;
wm wyfrawmfom;aowmvd@k awmif ppfAv kd cf sKyfawG owfrw S yf grh vm;? 'DOya'twdik ;f qd&k if toufjynfw h hJ ppfAv kd cf sKyfom;orD;awG/ OD;awZvdk
igu
h av;awGupdk aw;
olaX;awG&JΠom;orD;awGvnf; ppfr_xrf;&rSmaygh? ppfAdkvfcsKyfawGu olwdk@xkwfwJhOya'udk olwdk@ azmufzsufrSmyJav? 'guawmh usrwdk@
igah oG;ac|;awGudk ajcaq;ae
jrefrmppfAdkvfcsKyfawG urBmt&yf&yfudk vdrfaeusOya'yJaygh?
igph mayukd zsuq f ;D
igt
h oD;tyGiahf wGudk 0g;òrd
a&SŒxGur
f i
kd ;f aygufur
JG a_ =umihf 9OD; xdcu
dk '
f %f&m&&Sd 'Dvdk 0doravmbr[m
ppftm%m&Sif &Si;f wJyh JG
Zefe0g&Dv 14&uf? wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;.um;udk 'DaubD qGJwm/ tJ'DrSm BGF 6a,muf? =um jyefvnfypfcwfcJha=umif; 'D rif;vnf;EGzJ @dk vrdk ,f oli,fcsi;f ?
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) at wyfr[m (5)wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm; c&D;onf 3a,mufxw d ,f? ao aubDat wyfr[m (5)rS ppfqif
u&ifjynfe,f aumhu u a&SŒxGufrdkif;rsm;tjyif vuf wmr&Sdbl;? '%f&m&wJhvlawGudk a&;rSL; AdkvfrSL;apmqef;atmifu
jynfot l cspu f &dk ,l
&dw-f jr0wDum;vrf; wHwm;usK;d euf } uD ; / vuf e uf i ,f r sm;jzih f tckjr0wDaq;±k;H udk yd@k vu kd +f yD;”[k twnfðy ajym=um;onf?
jynfoal wG awmif;wwJh
ae&mwGif ,ae@reufY a&SŒxGuf ypfcwfra_ =umihf BGF wyfzŒJG 0if 6 ajymonf? ‚if;tcif;jzpfyGm;onfh
rdkif; 1vHk;aygufuGJcJh&m e,fjcm; OD;ESihf t&yfom; 3OD; '%f&mt tqdkyg rdkif;wdkufcdkufr_ ae&mwGif +yD;cJo h nfh Zefe0g&v D 7 aumif;vSwhJ a&$jynfawmfqD
apmihw f yf BGF wyfzŒJG 0if 6OD;/ t jyif;txef&&Scd o hJ nf[k ud,
k w
f ikd f udk 'DaubDat wyfr[m (5)rS &ufae@ rGe;f vGyJ idk ;f wGif qGrJ ikd ;f 1vH;k ig&nf&,G vf rf;p&Smv#uf
&yfom; 3OD; xdcdkuf'%f&m&&SdcJh jrifawGŒcJo h wl OD;u ajymonf? Adv f vd@k OD;aqmifonfh
k rf LS ;ausmw ayguu f cJG rhJ a_ =umihf t&yfom; 8OD; tcsptf wGuaf wG;um
onf[k od&onf? ‚if ; u “tm&S v rf ; r tzGŒJ rS a&SŒxGurf ikd ;f 2vH;k jzihf oGm; '%f&m&&SdcJhonf? ppfrufa&;&mukd ig ckrH ifcw
hJ ,f?
,ae@eH e uf 10em&D xdyf awmifajc/ ajcjrefwyf&if; a&muf y pf c wf j cif ; jzpf + yD ; etz Ô
ausmf w G i f wH w m;usKd ; tvG e f (356)pcef;ab;rSm jzpfymG ;wmjzpf cr& (356)wyfzGJŒuvnf; vuf igwkd@rSm
etz cr&(356)pcef;teD;&Sd BGF w,f? BGF um;udk csed +f yD;awmh euf}uD;i,frsm;jzihf tcsed t f awmf tzk;d axmhryJ g&ŒJ o¾mef
rmefprG ;f tm;awG &Swd ,f?
etzESifh u&ifwyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;wdu
k y
f JG ESpb
f ufxc
d u
kd r
f r
_ sm;&Sd aouG&J iS u
f JG aysmufq;Hk vnf;yJ
Zefe0g&Dv 10&uf? ckduf'%f&m&&Sdr_ twdtus rod apmihyf pfawmh etzbufuvnf; aumfuif;aus;&GmteD;wGif vuf toJrm “rked mvDZm” ESv;Hk eJ@
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) &S&d aomfvnf; etzbufrS vuf awmfawmftxdemw,f? ta& euf}uD;tvH;k 10ausmf usa&muf tvSq;Hk òyH;aeEkid wf hJ
u&ifjynfe,f a0:av euf}uD;usnfajrmufrsm;pGm ypf twGufawmh rod&Sdao;bl;”[k cJah oma=umihf xdik ;f bufjcrf;rS e,f rmausmwJh oHr%darawGvnf; &Sw d ,f?
a'o/ zvl;aus;e,fwiG f etzESifh cwfcJhaoma=umihf DKBA wyf ajymonf? pyfvHkòcHa&;wyfrsm; wdk;jr‡ihfcsxm;
u&ifwzGJŒ0ifrsm;t=um; ,ref om; 2OD; usnq f x H rd eS cf o
hJ nf[k tvm;wl ,refae@u vdkufonf[k od&onf? nDaemifw@dk a&æ
ae@EiS fh ,ae@jzpfymG ;cJo h nfh wdu
k yf JG 'DaubDat wyfr[m (5)rS ppf vnf; tqdkyg wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;t ‚if;wdkufyGJrsm;a=umihf b,fawmhrv S nf; ra[mif;EGr;f
onf ,cifwdkufyGJrsm;xuf jyif; qifa&;rSL; Advk rf LS ;apmqef;atmif =um; ESpb f ufypfcwfrw _ iG f etz jrefrmjynfbufjcrf;&Sd &mESifhcsD t+rw J rf; opfqef;umxl;
xef;aoma=umifh ESpb f ufxcd u kd rf _ u ajymonf? wyfrSL;wyfom; 20OD;cef@ xdcdkuf onfh zvl;aus;e,frS a'ocHvx l k apmbOD;}uD; rlav;csuef @J
rsm;&Sdonf[k od&Sd&onf? ‚if;u “etzbufu aoqHk;cJh&m etzbufrS vuf rsm; xdik ;f bufjcrf;od@k xGuaf jy;cdk a&SŒqufchJ c&D;=urf;avmu"H
,ae@ eHeuf 8em&Dcef@ vufeuf}uD; tvHk; 100xufr euf}uD;usnt f vH;k 100ausmf ypf v_HcJh&onf[k ‚if;,m,Dppfajy;
awmfveS o f rkid ;f
rS nae 4em&Dtausmt f xd jzpf enf; vdu k vf yH pfcwfawmh usaemf cwfcahJ omfvnf; u&ifwyfzŒJG buf 'kuo Q nfrsm;tm; use;f rma&;ESifh
yGm;cJhonfh KNLA-DKBA yl; wd k @ buf u 2a,muf x d w ,f ? rS xdcu kd rf r_ &Sad =umif; u&ifwyfzŒJG aexdkifa&;ESihf pm;eyf&duQmrsm;udk
avsmu f efr±kid ;f ygb;l
aygif;wyfzGJŒESihf etz puc(12) '%f&mtjyif;txefawmh r[kwf bufu ajymonf? ulnaD qmif&u G af y;aeonfh use;f aysmpf wH w
H idk ;f ukd OD;wnf&if;
vufatmufcH wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;t bl;? usaemfw@kd val wGvnf; wuf xdyk pfcwfra_ =umihf xdik ;f rma&;vkyo f m;rsm;u ajymonf? jrifjh rwfjcif;ðyrJh rif;tvmukd igar#maf er,f? ?
=um; wdu k yf w
JG iG f etzbufrS xd vmwJh etzppfa=umif; tydkif bufjcrf;&Sd rJaqmufòrdŒe,f rJh Ô
u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 8
ySR*h>0Dc;JG ,m
uvkm'l.cG;J ,m'D;
'H>rd.jch.pH.
uMwLI (15) tbhO (1) vg,El:tg&H:< 2011 eHO Volume(15) Issue(1) January, 2011

unDo;k r:[;*D: etz rJOc&dO0h;zf zJu;D w&H; etzuszd ;'dOcsH vD:wJPql


vgzh R -bLRtg&H R 1oD ˜ wdRv>unDzdusdmfvDR$ reR'ky>R &d.f0h;zfvDR$ v>tb.f'db.fxH;w “ye.f[lv>w>fEkmfvDRc;0J uD;w uaOD wJOwy:tCd
egzD*hR (ch.ftJ;pH.f)
zJr[g rk>feRcDtq>u
uD>fb.f[;pH.frHclol.fv> w>fvD>f
v>t*RvDR$”
cD'k woh.fngvDRwH>fvDRqJ;b.f
vDR$ w>fvD>fph>fuD; ,Hmf0J'D;ySRvDR$
&H;tcg tJ.f'd;oh.fngw>ftd.fo;
yqJ;usd;uG>fe‹>f0JwxH.fvDR$ b.f yS:bOuDzwd zO bOChIrSNH yNH yg
wD>fe‹.f unDok; vJREkmfvDRc;0J up>>fo>vl>f (awmif ”pH;b.fch.ftJ;pH.fe.‹ fvDR$ q.frk>fCh>fbsDe‹.f yqJ;uhRwe‹>f
etzok;zJ (awmifokH;vkH;)ok;p okH;vkH;)pcgv>ttd.fzJ 0h>fuD;w w>f u J x D . f t o;w>f v>Rb.fvRD $ r*DRu>R ySRtg*RwJ0J vgzh R -bLRtg&H R 1oD ˜ ySRo0Drk.fyS>fvR oG‹wdxD.f0J'D;
cg 0h>fuD;w&H;'D; zJe‹.f rR[;*DR &H; cFJ.fyGJ.f Check Point'D; tD.f vD>ftHRe‹.f rh>f0J'.f ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f '.f w>f'.JG fumHG f0J rJ.fc&d.f0h;zfcJv>mf egxlp.f (ch.ftJ;pH.f) ogyhReD.u f mHG t
f o;w*Re‹>f w>fb.f
uHmG f0J'.f rJ.fc&d.f0h;zft*h>fe‹.f uD; bd.fwJtb>.fp>RtHRe‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.f ok ; &h . f 18t[D . f u 0D R yl R 'D ; vHtCd cDzLF x>.fzeJ .‹ w f z.f [;*DR etz'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f qS>tDRql zd.fz&.fw>fqg[H.fz;'d.f
w&H;0h>fzdwz.fpH;0Je‹.fvDR$ th.'f ;D ch.tf .J ,
f .l t
f ySRwz.f vJRc; (awmifokH;vkH;)ok;pcgylRe‹.f td.f cJv>mfvHvDR$ bsDe.‹ f uhRud;Ckmf0J b.fo*>>fc;vdmfto;tb>.fp>R e‹.fvDR$
0h>fzdw*RpH;0J “r[g 0J'D; usdzdusdz;'d.fbl;bl;wH>fwH>f [Hr'l g'.fxJ etzy>RuD>w f eDRvDR 'D; y>RuD>fzJe‹.fw*RvDR” pH;0Je‹.f v>etzwyR c;vDRusdz;'d.f vDR o0DzdpH.fw>f'k;oh.fw
11e.f&H.ftq>uwD>fe‹.f w>fEkmf t*h>fe‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh (5) t*h>f ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f ok;cd.fw*R vDR$ wJmfql uDF.fwJ.fuD>fq>wyR v> z.fe.‹ f td.u
f 'kto;zJ rDux J o
J 0D
vDRc;0J v>cFJ.fy.JG fwyR 'D;usdzdusd usd.fxlbD'k;,R G 2 ok;cd.f'd.fzd pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ unDok; c;vDR0J'.f ySRb.fuDb.fcJzdw>fvD>ftCde‹.f ylR td.f0JweDR'D; weDRe‹.f td.fu'k
z;'d.f wpSRzs>.fb.f˜ ,Hmf0J 1e.f&H.f pDRqgtDRpH;0Je‹.fvDR$ w>fc;vdmfo;uJxD.f zJ usdz;'d.ftcsHweDR vDRwJmf0JzJ (cFJ.f b.fuDb.fcJzd'D; vD>fu0DR 'lo0Dzd to;zJ uFD.fwJ.fok;pcg v>t
2e.f&H.fC.fC.fngvDR$ vDR*mf'f “reRu>R p;xD.fv> e‹.ftCde‹.f weHRtHR vDwJpdv> yJ.G f)odvh.ftvD>fylRe‹.f ySRunDb.f wz.f b.fCh>frSH_yH_yg0J'.ft*h>fe‹.f td.fzJ rDuJxJo0Drk>fxD.fwyRt
w>fplRtod;vDR$ c;0J0HR'D; EkmfvDR 11e.f&.H ef .‹ f wkRv>*DRcD 1e.f&.H b
f s.J f w>foltDR0h>fylRwz.f tusdR[;*DR 'db.fxH;wcD woh.fngvDRwH>f oh.fngb.fvDR$ od; vJRtd.fqd;v> ck;ylRtd.fph>fuD;
'J.G t
f u
l mGH 0f J rJ.cf &d.0f ;h zfvRD $ 'fyRS qg yySRvJREkmfvDRc;0J (awmifokH; uHmG f0JcJv>mf'D; w>fqJ;usd;wJmf0J vDRqJ;'H;b.f˜ rhr>h v f >tvDRwJmzf J zJvg,ElRtg&HR 31oD˜ e‹.fvDR$ uwD>ftHRe‹.f uFD.fwJ.fok;
us;zdzJ cF.J yf .JG u
f yRwz.fw0J t J od; vkH;)pcgbl;bl;wH>fwH>fvDR$ wu '.ft*h>fe‹.f ySRyeHmfw>fuRzdzJ 0h>f 0h>fylRwDwDwzs>.fe‹.f ySRtgpH;0J'.f *DRcD 8e.f&.H f tq>uwD>ef .‹ f etz wz.f [h.frRp>R0J xHtD˜ 'k;tD.f'k;
e‹.f ySREkmfvDR'J.G ftlw>fwz.fe‹.f u wD>fCD yySR'J.G ftlrR[;*DRuHmG f rJ.fc &RrwH(jr0wD)w*RpH;0Je‹.fvDR$ v>b.f'd0J urs>>fw*RvDR$ ok;c;usdz;'d.fcsH 5zs>.f vDRwJmfql tD0rJ Rh wu;b.f cDzsdw>f';k w>f,R
rDuJxJo0D˜ zd.fz&.fuD>f˜ uD>fuFD.f w>ftd.fo;tCd rRtgxD.f0J w>f
wJ.fylRtCde‹.f ySRb.fuDb.fcJzd bH.fw>fb> zJxHq>uD>fq>e‹.f
etzok; r:oH yS:CdPzd yDOwO v>0.frHRx.f'D; pd.fqHrFJ.f (qkH
qnf;_rdKif)o0Dzd v>ttd.fu'k
vDR$
w>f ' k ; w>f , RtCd
vg,El R tg&H R 28oD ˜ e‹.f ySRv>tb.f'd'D; rh.fyd>fwz.ft ok;cd.fpd'k w>fqS>uhRql w>fvD>fcH xlwH>fvDRwJmfuHGmf0Jql }wdRylRt to;zJe‹.f (1000)bsJ.f Ckmf'D; wRtk;x.fo0Dzdv> t[JwkRv>
(ch . f t J ; pH . f ) usg ySRCdmzf yd .D w f .fwz.fe.‹ f w>ful vDR$ ok;zd'k w>fbSDtDRzJe‹.fvDR$ *h>fe.‹ f th.fph.fCdmfzdyD.fw.f tDRrduFDR uFD.fwJ.fo0Dzd b.fCh>frSH_yH_yg0J'.f oh.fbDbdo0D˜ uFD.fwJ.fwyR zJr
etzok ; usd R v>t pg,g bsgtDRwtd.fb.f˜ ulpg,g rhr>h v
f >yD.wf .f'k w>fwyJvRD 'D; u rh>fySRv>txH.fb.f'D;rJmfw*R pH;0J t*h>fe‹.f 0.frHRx.fo0Dzdw*R pH;0J [gu>Rw*RpH;0J “w>fuDw>fcJ'k
EkmfvDR[l;*JR0J'.fzJ ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok; bsg0JxJ ySRok;zd'D; cd.fe>fv>t oH.ef rD RH b.f˜ cDzsd y[Jqwl >frmJ n
f g e‹.fvDR$ e‹.fvDR$ td.f0J'.f trFdrFdvDR$ ,0Rph>fuD;
uh (7)w>fvD>f rRe>RysD[D.fu0DRylR b.f''d ;D rh.yf >d w
f z.fe.‹ f qS>uhR0Jv> vHtCd v>cHrh>fw>fuJxD.fuhR “,[JyS>fusge‹.f b.f t0JpH;0J “w*DRtHR usd td.fwql.fb.f$ phwtd.fph>fb.f$ 'D;
wz.f rRoHumGH 0f 'J .f ySRCdmzf yd .D w f .f w>fvD>fcHt*h>fe‹.f rDRuRxd23eH.f o;'fvJ.fe‹.f ,woh.fngxJGv> xD.fxJ up>>fuvdusgvDR$ zJt z;'d.fcsHvDRwJmftCde‹.f ySRrk.fyS>fzJ zd'H.fwyR cJtHR b.ftd.fu'ko;
v> t0Joh.f[JxD.fuGJCkmfwz.f v>trh>f zF.fyd.fCdmfzdw*R pH;0J'f b.f$” pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ ylRuHmG t f oDwqHe.‹ f ,oud; pRyD tHRw*R oG‹wdxD.f0J'D; ogyhRuHmG f v>ySR[H.fylRvDR$”
td.0f 'J .ft*h>ef .‹ f ySRCdmzf yd .D w
f .fv> tHRe‹.fvDR$ etzok;wz.f zJv> xD.fup>>fwuJv>Rb.ftCd Ch to;vDR$ w>f'k;w>f,Rtd.fxD.f'f w>f'k;w>f,RtCd ySR
tCh>fzsd;xD.f'D; ylRzsJ;uHmG f0JzJ vg “yD.fw.fw*R'D; ok;zd t0Joh.f EkmfvDR0J'.fzJ uFJRyFDRud ch.f td.fbSH;tcg ok;&h.f 208 ok;cd.f'd.f tHRe‹.f b.f'dqg0J ySRo0Dzdwz.f o0Dzdv> Ch>ftd.fu'kto;v>
,ElRtg&HR 26oDwz.f pH;0Je.‹ v f RD $ w*R ,D.fb.frh.fyd>f ,xH.fb.f'D; tJ., f .l f ok;uh 7w>fv>D yf Rl tcg yD.f zdw*R xk;xD.f'DqJ;0J to;egyS>f vDR$ cDzsdw>f'k;w>f,RtCd ytd.f uFD.fwJ.fwyRwz.ft*D>fe‹.f x>.f0H
zJvg,ElRtg&HR 26oD ,rJmfcsHvDR$ ok;cd.fpd (&efaemif) w.fv> 0Hw>frh>fwuJv>Rb.foh.f 2xH.0f RH xlvRD wJmu f mGH q
f l xHusyd Rl v>o0DylR wbl.fv>mfb.f'D; pH.f cs> BPHWT'D; unDzd ySR*h>f0D
teHRe‹.f etzok; cD.cf sh o;k &h.f 208 ph>fuD; vJR'>.fxH'D; [JuhRxD.fu wz.f˜ yD.fw.fv> ,D>fb.frh.fyd>f pk vDR$ v>cHw*Re‹.f yud;tDRv> td.fu'ko;wwDR0HRwwDRr; y w>fu&>u&dwz.f [h.frRp>R0J'.f
ySRCdmzf yd .D w f .f 13*R Ch>zf s;d xD.q f l 'guhRe‹.f ,D>fb.frh.fyd>fvDR$ zJe‹.f wlmfcD.fwlmfwz.fe‹.f ok;cd.fwz.f udRvR˜ zJv> t0H0Jw>fbd.ftcg [JwkR v>uFD.fwJ.fwyRvDR$ [J vD>f'gcsD.f˜ w>ftD.fw>ftD˜ uG>fx0JG J
ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh (7)ttd.f'D; ySR wkRv> uFD.fwJ.fwyRvHe‹.f yb.f '.f w>ftd.fql.ftd.fchsoh.fwz.fe‹.f
yD . f w .f v > tCh > f z sd ; xD . f w eD R pH.f'H;vDR$” pH;b.fch.ftJ;pH.fe.‹ fvDR$ vDR$ Ô
oh.fwz.fe‹.f rh>fySRCdmfzdv> yFH.f
(jynf)˜ zFRyd.f(zsmykH)˜ ed.fw>frs>f usdz;'d.fcsH vDRwJmftq>uwD>f
(tif;pdef)˜ vg&Sd(vm;&+d;)'D; z.f
t.f(zm;tH) oh.fwz.fe‹.fvDR$
,D>fb.frh.fyd>f cD.fwlmfuHGmf0J'D; w>f vDR$ wD>f,R*k>fCH'D; usdcHe‹.f qg
rDRuFdZJ.f 27eH.f v>t
xlvDRwJmfql xHusdylRph>fuD;vDR$ wkRcJtHRvDR$ zJv>ywkRzJxHoh.fcH
rh>yf .HF C
f md zf wd *RpH;0J “etzok;w
ud;yol0JoyS>fuw>>ftCd wkRcJ w>fvD>fwwDRtcge‹.f c;oHuHmG f0J
z.f yD.w f .f xD.u f p>>fr>h w
f e‹>bf .fe.‹ f
tHR rRto;'g,e.f[l'H;” &SJyF;0J ,oud;zJ,rJmfo.fcsHtylRvDR$
xl˜ wD>f˜ rR'>.f0J'.fvDR$ ySRv>0H
e‹.fvDR$ ,wkRzJtHRe‹.f ,o;tk;oyS>fu
w>frh>fwuJv>Rb.f vhRwuhR
'fe‹.ftod; ed.fw>frs>>f w>>fvDR$”
wz.fe.‹ f c;oHuHmG f0JwbsDCDtd.f0J
Cdmfzd vhrRtDR zJv>ttd.fwql.f 'fch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 7
'.fvDR$ ye>f[lt0Joh.fwJ0J'.fv>
b.ftq>uwD>f wl>fb.f0J etz w>frReD.frRCgtod;e‹.f p;xD.fv>
ySRok;zdwz.f b.frh.fyd>ftgxD.fbsD
ok; w>frRqgrRe;w*RpH;0J “v> etzok;p;xD.fol0J ySRCdmfzdyD.f
e‹.f ur>ySRCdmfzdyD.fw.fwz.f vJR
,td.fCdmfylRtcg ,td.fwql.f w.f wkRv>vg,ElRtg&HRxD.f 26
qdql w>fw>frJmfngtCd yysHRv>
b.f b.fb.f w>fqS>xD.fql w>frJmf teHRe‹.f ySRCdmfzd Ch>fzsd;v> ch.ftJ.f
yuoH'D; ypH.fzsd;0JvDR$”
ng'H;vDR$ td.fwql.ftgtgb.f ,l.fttd.f td.f0J'.ft*R 30vHe‹.f
v>e‹.ftrJmfng etz
tCd ,d;w>fC>we‹>ftgtgb.f vDR$ Ô
ok;usdRv> tvJRw>fvD>f'DwusdR Photo-KIC tCd t0Joh.f (etz) xlwH>f,R
unDw>upD.w>y&X/ vg,ElRtg&HR/ 2011eH./ ubsH;yR = 1
rhOydIxk;tCd etz bO'dqg wIuvdPbUvdPuGID etz
vg,El R tg&H R 31oD ˜ ok;uh(5) usd.fxlbD'k;,R G2 ok;cd.fpdw*R˜ ok;cd.f,DRw*R usJ w'guFdw>fvD>fe.‹ f unDok;t ok;cdOeIvU ICCueIht*DI
pDRcgqlng (ch.ftJ;pH.f) ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDRqgtDR pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ v>t*Rwz.fe.‹ f ok;zdvDR$”t*h>f 'l.w f z.f xk;rh.yf >d x
f ;k 'fe>‹ t
f od;t
zJtylRuHGmfwvg vg t0Jp;H 0J “w>fc;0J bs0D J pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ Cd etz'D; urs>>fzdweDR b.f'd WLB uqJ;*kPus;J pU;
,lRElRtg&HR 30oDteHRe‹.f cDzsdv> e‹.f etzok;odvh.fwcd.f vDRwJmf zJvg,lRElRtg&HR 7oD b.fxH;td.fb.fq.f xD.fb.fv>
'H.fch.fbH.fth.f xk;0Jrh.fyd>fxk; zJ uHmG fv>}wdRylRvDR$ v>etzwyR 'D; 13oDtcgph>fuD; zJrF.f0wH.f toHtywD>f wtd.f0Jb.fe‹.f oh.f vg,El R tg&H R 28oD ˜ wvgtHR vg,ElRtg
unDuD>fpJ.f rF.f0wH.fuD>fq.f˜ uD; b.fxdb.fxH;td.f0Jb.fq.f v>y uD>fq.f uD;u&H;=rF.f0wH.fodvh.f ngb.fvDR$ Ô (ch . f t J ; pH . f ) &HR 24oD wkR 26oDe.‹ f w>frR 6bsD
u&H;=rF.f0wH.fodvh.fusJ w>fvD>f ySRwyRe‹.f cDzsd pJ;_yJ;w>f'k;tCd unD o k ; weD R v>ydmfrk.fydmfr>RtzDcd.f wbsD WLBcDu&J; zJuD>fuFD.f
wwD R tCd etzcD . f o k ; &h . f b.f'w d td.b f .f$ yySRe‹>f y,DRw>fzd ySRv>wl>fvdmf[h.fvDRcGJ;,mfv> wJ.f=uD>fy,DRuD>fq> w>fvD>fw
(275) ok;wz.f oH'D;b.f'dtd.f0J w>fvHRwtd.feDwrHRb.f˜ yw>f urRw&Dwygw>f v>trh>f ok; wDR'D; zJcDu&J;bsD0Je.‹ f WLB pH;
'D; b.f'dqg0Jt*h>f oh.fngb.fe‹.f ynd.ft*h>frd>fyS>fe‹.f v>etzok; cd.fus>>f og&G.‹ f'D; etz ok;cd.fok; 0Jv> v>etz ok;y'd.f rRur.f
vDR$ wz.f ub.f'db.fxH;t*D>fvDR” e>fwz.f w>fuvdmfb>vdmfuGD>f ySRunDw>fcJG;w>f,mf tuvkmf
'H.fch.fbH.fth.f (908) rh . f y d > f x k ; 0J e ‹ . f t Cd tDR v>[D.fcd.fbDrk>fuDG>fbsD.f ICC uvkmftzDcd.f w>fu'k;td.fxD.f
ok;&h.f ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDRuFDRwvd.f etzok;v> b.f'db.fxH;wz.f ue‹>ft*D>f uqJ;*kmfusJ;p>;0Jt*h>f bDr>k pf >zS.d u
f &> w>forHord; cD.rf
wDcd.f&drJ ok;t'l.ftHR td.fcd;xk; w>fb.f[JqS>xD.ftDRql rF.f0wH.f WLB xk;xD.fymfzsgxD.f vHmfymf &S>.fue‹>t f *D>f t0Jo.h f q>wJmv f RD
etzok; v>[JxD.f'd;odvh.fw w>fqg[H.f zJvg,lRElRtg&HR 30 zsgwbh.f zJr[gweHRe‹.fvDR$ o;v> uqJ;*kmfusJ;p>; u&>u
z.f'D; w>f'k;uJxD.f wHmfwmf 5rH; oD rk>f[gvDRtq>uwD>fvDRe‹.f WLB eJ>f&GJ.fcd.fus>>f &dxk;*kmfxk;*JR w>frR0JtHRt*h>fe.‹ f
eH;0HR v>etzwyR oH 6*R˜ b.f'd rF.f0wH.furs>>fzd v>vJRxH.fv> r.fwhRwhRnd.f pH;0J “v>uvkmf'l.f oh.fngb.fe.‹ fvDR$
5*Re‹.fvDR$ etz v>b.f'dwz.f rJmwf *RpH;0J'.fe.‹ v f RD $ “reRu>R 6 ydmfrk.ftzDcd.f etz ok;y'd.f wl>f zJeH.f 1999˜ vg'HRphR
tusgy.fCkmf'D; ok;'hcd.fw*R'D; e.f&H.fC.fC.fe.‹ f ok;zdv>tb.f'd vdmf[h.fvDRcGJ;,mfv> uD>G frh.fw>f b>.f 9oDeHRe‹.f uD>fy,DRydmfrk.fu
ok;,JRcd.w f *RvDRe‹.f 'H.cf .h b
f .H t
f .h f b.fxH;wz.f [JwkR0J'.fvDR$ zJe.‹ f rRw&Dwygw>f*>h t f RH ywl>v f md w
f vkmf'l.f w>fu&>u&d 12'l.f ymfzSd.f
uJb.f$ w>foh.fwz.ftHR ywJxD xD.fo; 'k;td.fxD.f WLB'D; tcJ
bdv>[D.fcd.fbDrk>f w>fvJRwbsD tH R 6bsD w bsD cD u &J ; tH R e‹ . f
bHOuaOH tJ;zf c;oH oGo
D ;ySI'Drg0: v>fv>fvDR$ yrRwh>fw>f'D; ySRv>
rRw>fv>[D.fcd.f bDrk>fw>fu&>u
u&>oDv>trh>fu,g(u,ef;)
ydmfrk.fu&>(KyWO) [JEkmfvDR
&dp>h u
f ;D td.0f v J RD $ v>yw>frR0JtRH ymfzSd.ftgxD.fvDRo;e‹.fvDR$
vg,El R tg&H R 31oD ˜ ok;puDRzd pDRrRuFD.f wtd.b f .f';D c;oHumGH 0f J o;yS>'f rD g 'D; t*H>fbgtd.fv> 10 C.fC.fe.‹ f
uD>fv>t*Roh.fwz.fph>fuD; tg trJmfng ydmfrk.fu&>
pDRcgqlng (ch.ftJ;pH.f) vdmfuDG>f0J'.fv> ttloH0J'.f t 0RcH*RtHRe‹.f vDR*mf'fwrsmfzdvDR$ vDR$
'.fwuh>fyxH.fb.f v>wl>fvdmf t'l.f c>.fp;'D; ySRCkoh.fngw>f cJ
ok ; y>RuD > f q >=(bH . f ok;'hc.d f ok;cd.pf d pDRwhR0h';D c;oH0J 0HRbsDe‹.f t0Joh.f ol0J w>frlRw>f bH.fuFH.ftJ;zf ok;c;oH
tgxD.fySRvDR$ ok;u&l>f wvDRySD>f v>mfymfzSd.f 59*R [JxD.f0J cDu&J;
uF.H t
f ;J zf) (1020)ok;&h.f ok;puDR oGDo;yS>f'Drg0R cH*RtHRvDRe‹.f [D.f bSD;vDR$” 0J n.fvH.ftgx.foDo G ;yS>f'D; trg
wpke‹.f y0JySRydmfrk.foh.fwz.f u 0Je.‹ f'D; w>fCkx>xD.f0J r.fwhRwhR
zd pDRrRuF.D 'f ;D tys>J cf *H R zJvg,lRElR u0DRurs>>fv> wtJ.f'd;ymfzsgt bH.fuFH.ftJ;zf ok;puDR tCd ySRoGDzdoh.fwz.f o;tk;ysHR
b.fqJ;wl>fb.fw>f'ftHRvDR$ w>f ndRv> eJ.f&JG.f cd.fus>>f˜ pDpRnholR
tg&HR 24oDeRH rk>[ f gcD 9e.f&.H b f s.J f rHRw*R pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ “t0Joh.f vJR zd pDRrRuFD.f0Je‹.f c;oHoDGo;yS>f 'D; b.fzk;b.f w>ftd.f0Jb.fq.f v>
rR0JtHR rh>fv>w>frRv> w>f,Hmf eJ.f&GJ.f oCJR=1'D; eD>f0gck.fqSH eJ.f
tq>uwD>fe‹.f c;oH n.fvH.ftg ud;ySR'Drg0RcHtHRv> tck;'J0HR c; trg wu;b.ftrJmfng [He‹>f0J u[;wD>fzsgxD.fw>f*h>fw>fusdR
w>frRtCd yuqJ;rRtDR wy &G.J o
f CJR=2 b.fw>fCmk x f .D t
f RD pkmf
x.fo0Do;yS>f pDRqDrHRzd'D; trg oH0JvDR$ c;0J'D;usd w*R 2xH.f˜ o;yS>f zJxl 4bd˜ yoH; 5bd'D; ph tHRe‹.f wbl.f0JeDw*Rb.fe‹.fvDR$
wD>0f RH r; wywD>v f RD $”e‹.f pH;b.f0J pkmfe‹.fvDR$ Ô
v>ttd.f zJunDuD>fpJ.f˜ vl>fysJ>f oGDo;yS>fe‹.f c;0J tcs>CH 2xH.f˜ ,dR 1 uvD>fe‹.fvDR$ n.fvH.ftg ok;y>RuD>fq> (1020)ok;&h.fcd.f
ch.ftJ;pH.fe‹.fvDR$
uD>fq.fylRt*h>fe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.f v>trgwcD c;0J tcd.fo.fCH 2 x.foGDe‹.f td.f'D; bH.fuFH.ftJzf e‹.f ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDRpgvhe.‹ fvDR$
vDR$ xH.fvDR$ vdmfuD>G f0J'.fv> tcDynD (1020)ok;&h.f ok;uv>Rzdwzs>.f Ô

wDt0l Ih yl: wIr:CH;xDO wIbHOwIbU vH˜ w>folw>fo.fwz.fph>fuD;˜ t0JpH;0J “cJtHR urs>>f


tcJtRH rR0J'o f ;d rRwJmu
f mHG 0f J 0h>'f ;D v>ttd.fv> odvh.fusJuyR˜
vg,El R tg&H R 19oD ˜ e‹>fw>fbH.fw>fb> v>0h>fylR0h>fcs>t 0h>fwDtlurs>>fzdw*R tl=v>>f'd.fodvh.fusJwz.f$ wD w>fvD>fv>up>>fcd.fwz.f tw>f v>w>fymfzSd.ftvD>f'D; urs>>fv>
egxlp.f (ch.ftJ;pH.f) rJmn f g umfwmH u
f mHG 0f J odv.h u
f sJw pH;0J “q>uwD>fcJtHR wDtlylRe‹.f tl=ogwDRz;'d.f˜ wDtl=cs>.fv.f qJ;usdRwz.ftCd b.f'db.fxH; tb.fCh>frSH[;zsd;wz.f cJv>mf
unDuD>fpJ.fuvHRpd; z.f v>w>fvJRuhRql up>>fcd.fw ok;wz.f [H;e‹>f0J w>fbH.fw>fb> usJwz.fe‹.f rRCH;xD.f0J'.f CH; uhR yw>fzH;tD.frRtD.fvDR$”t*h>f q>.frJmfb.f w>fzSD.fw>fe;vDR$ b.f
(yuduD>fcDrk>fxD.f)wyR v>wDtl z.ftCd rRb.f'u d Rh 0J [D.u f 0DRu v>x;usJ˜ odvh.fusJwz.f ySJRySJR CH;vDR$” t0J pH;tgxD.f0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ rEkRvJ.fe‹.f o0Dwzs>.f'D;wzs>.f
0h>fylR q>uwD>fcJtHR ySRe‹>fpde‹>fu rs>>fwz.f tw>fzH;w>frRwz.ft vDR$ Ckmf'D; 0h>fylRw>fvD>fwz.fcJ wDtl0h>fylRe‹.f etz y> up>>fcd.f'D; 0h>fwDtl vh.fvdmfySRhw>fqgw>fwe‹>fb.f$
rDRwz.f ymfvDRtgxD.f ok;'D; [H; *h>f [D.fu0DRzdwz.f pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ v>mfvDR$ tDtl=p.f,.fuFH˜ wD qS>&J.u
f sJRok;0JRvD>cf .d o
f .h =f puc w>fqJ;usd;odvh.fusJwz.f etz b.fw>fud;r>ql.ftDR ud;eHR'J;t
wD t l u rs>>f z d o h . f w z.f uG > f q >.f r J m f ' D ; etzok ; tw>f x D . f ' k ;
(16)tw>fy>zDvmf ok;&h.fwz.f ok; }wDwh>fCmfw>fvJRw>fuhR p; Cde‹.f rRuhRtup>fw>frR wcsK;
[l;*JR0J'.ftrJmfng zJweH.ftHR eH.f xD.fv>eH.fxD.ftoD vHRvHRb.f b.f$ b.ftd.fv> w>fb.f,d.fb.f
xD.foDtuwD>f puc (15) t q.f zJvg,ElRtg&HR 17oDteHR bDtylRvDR$ vDRqD'.fw>f urs>>f
ok;&h.fwz.f [JwkR0J'.f'D; [H;e‹>f e‹.f etz=puc (7) v>ttd.f v>ttd.f v>odvh.fusJuyRw
w>fbH.fw>fb> v>0h>fylR0h>fcs>t qDvDRo;zJ [D.fu*DRylR ok;ySRb.f z.f b.fw>fot l RD v> w>frRysDr.h yf >d f
Cd w>forHord;˜ w>fcd;uG>f[k.f rlb.f'gwz.f';D cs>.fv.fu>D q f .fc.d f tod ; t0J o h . f b.f w D q S > 0J
urs>>fw>fvJRzH;w>frRtylRph>fuD; ud;zS.d 0f 'J .f o0Do;yS>wf z.f';D pH;0J etzok;w>ftD.fwz.fvDR$”
w>fuDw>fcJtd.fxD.f0Jt*h>f wDtl odvh.f˜ qJ;uJvf(qkdifu,f)w v>wD t l [ D . f u 0D R yl R
urs>>fzdw*Re‹.f pH0Je‹.fvD$ z.f wb.fvRJ uhRql 0h>yf Rl b.ft*h>f etzwyR rRtgxD.ftok;*H>fbg
“w>f y mf v D R tgxD . f oh.fngb.fvDR$ 'D; rRCH;xD.f w>fbH.fw>fb>'ftHR
ok;'D; odvh.fusJrk>fwz.f w>fumf cDzsdv> w>ftd.fo;'f urs>>fwz.f w,;0J rh>fv>wDtl
wHmfuHGmf 'ftHRtCd v>y0Jul.fvJ tHRtzDcd.f urs>>fv>ttd.fv> e‹.f td.fbl;0J'D e‹.fyFH.f'DRtCd zJvg
rRuR ySRhqgw>fw>fzdw>fvHR˜ w>f 0h>fylRwz.ftrJmfng urs>>fv>t ,lElRtg&HR (31)oDteHRe‹.f ok;y
olw>fo.fv>t[Jv> up>>fcd.f td.fql up>>fcd.fwz.f b.fuG>f 'd.f urR0J bsD.f'd.fw>ftd.fzSd.ftCd
w>fvD>fwz.ft*D>f w>fuDw>fcJtd.f q>.frJmf0J'.f w>fuDw>fcJ 'd.f'd.ftg e‹.f [H;e‹>fC;0J w>fbH.fw>fb>oh.f
0JoyS>fvDR$ b.frEkRvJ.fe.‹ f obs.f tgt*h>fe‹.f urs>>fzdv>ttd.f oh.fvDR$ Ô
v.foh.f [JwwkRb.fe‹.fz;,Hmf v>up>>fc.d w f *R pH;0J'.f 'ftRH vDR$
Photo-KIC
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vg,ElRtg&HR/2011eH./ubsH;yR=2
chOtJOtJvt
f Oh 'D; etzok; bOo*UIwI'k; etzwy: oH 3*: KSDDPyOwHO&dOzSOd
vg,El R t&H R 29oD ˜
(ch.ftJ.fpH.f)
oH;0J 3*Rt*h>fe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.f
vDR$
vDR$ yySRxJ 15*RvDR$ v>t0J
oh.fwyR utd.fv>t*R 30ng
e‹>fph>fuD;0J etz 60 rr1cd.f/
MA-4 1cd.˜f MA-11cd.'f ;D uscd sH
rl'gcdOw*: ChIzs;d ql
unD'Duvkmfw>fxl.f
zsJ;ok;rk>f'd.f (ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f)ok;
“w>f'k;uJxD.fe‹.f zJw
*DRngtHR 6e.f&H.f 5rH;eH;tq>u
vDR$ zJe‹.f etzwyR ok;puDR_yH
1*R˜ ok;zd 2*R oH0vJ RD $ yySR'k b.f
ySmof .fy.fCmk 0f J tgtg*D>*f >D ef .‹ v
ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f ok;&h.f
f RD $
KNU tdO
&h.f 21'D; etzok; 343 ok;&h.f wD>f zJw&h;zduHG'D; ,dR'd.fo0Dt 'dwtd.fb.f” ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f ok; 21e‹.f rh>fch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 7 tzD
vg,El R tg&H R 18oD ˜ w>ft0JCde‹.f q>wJmfo;v> u
tb>.fp>R zJvg,ElRtg&HR 19oD b>.fp>R rJ>fwDR'hw>fvD>f vl>fysJ>fuD>f uh 7 ok;cd.fw*RpH;0Je‹.fvDR$ vmfok;&h.fw&h.f'D; rhrh>fv> cDchs
pDRcgqlng (ch.ftJ;pH.f) [JuhR v>tHRwyRvDR$”
*DRcDtq>uwD>fe‹.f b.fo*>>fc; q.fylR ,Hmf0JtrH;eH; 20C.fC.f b.fo*>>fc;vdmfto; ok;&h.f 343wcDe‹.f rh>f etz y>
unDuD>fpJ.f 'H.frd.fjch.f pH;tgxD.fu'D;0J
vdmfto;zJ vl>fysJ>fuD>fq.f˜ unD vDR$ w>f'k;uJxD.f'D; etzok;w bsD0Je‹.f v>ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.fwyR q>&J.fusJR ok;0JRvD>fcd.foh.f puc
pH.f'D; w>fvJRxD.fvJRxDy.fwH.f “etze‹.f y0J'H.fch.fbH.fth.f qDw
uD>fpJ.fylRwbsD v>etzwyR z.f pH.frSHwdzsd;0J'.f qltHRqlb; w>fb.f'db.fxH;wtd.fb.f'D; [H; (19)tzDvmfok;&h.fw&h.fe‹.fvDR$

chOtJO,lOc;tCd etzok;vU t'd;csw


H zO oH[grI
vg,El R tg&H R 18oD ˜ xHusdylRvDR$ csHylRe‹.f yySRe‹>f0Jusd t*h>fe‹.f ySRv>tvJRxH.fb.f'D; [;vDRzJe.‹ fwz.f b.fu>G fue.fqd
pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) 3cd . f ' D ; tq.f w eD R vD R $ csH ' k trJmfb.fw*R pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ w>ftd.fo;0Jr; b.f[;xD.f[;vDR
ch.ftJ.f,l.f tySRc;0J'.f yySRxGHvDRv>vmfvDR$”t*h>f pH; t0JpH;0J “csHe‹.f tzsd0J 0HRt*h>fe‹.f oh.fngb.fvDR$
etzok; t*R 10bsJ.f v>csHylR ymf*>>fymfus>R0Je‹.fvDR$ 'Dwbh.fC.fC.fvDR$ wvDRbs> Cd.fvdmfxHusdv> ch.f
zJCd.fvdmfusdylR˜ bkod.fuD>fq.f˜ ch.ftJ.f,l.fc;0HR 2e.f&H.f b.foemfuh xHtd.fv>tudylR tJ.f,l.f ok;uh 5 y>q>[D.fu0DR
rkmf}wDRuD>f&h.f tCde‹.f etzok; bsJ.fe.‹ f csHv> etz ok;zd'd;tDRw w0mfngvDR$ csHylR'k xH.fb.foHG.f e‹.f tylRuHGmf etz'D; ch.ftJ.f,l.f
v> ttd.fcsHylRwz.f oH'D;[gr>f bh.fe‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 5tySR vJvJvDR$”t*h>f pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ cDzsd tySRtb>.fp>R w>fc;vdmfo;td.f
uHGmf0JcJv>mft*h>fe‹.f oh.fngb.f v>t*Rw'l.f xH.fe‹>fuhR0JzJ w w>fc;0J etzok;zdcsHbsD0Je.‹ ftCd wh>f0Jb.fq.f uJxD.f'd.frk>frk>f'ftHR Photo-KIC
vDR$ ,Hmfwbl; rJ>fEkmfx.f o0DtzDcd.f [D.fu0DRurs>>fv> t[;xD.f wtd.f0JeDwbsDb.fe‹.fvDR$
zJtylRuHmG f vg,ElRtg rkmf}wDRuD>f&h.f ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f ok;rk>f'd.f (KSDDP) v>&RrwH (rF.f0 vJto;ql bH.fuFHRtJ;zfrh>f0HRe‹.f
&HR 16oD [gcD 4e.f&H.ftq>u wH.f) uvHRpd;wyR w>f&d.fzSd.frl'g w>fpdurDR wtd.fv>mfb.ftCd
wD>fe‹.f etzok; cr& 20ok;&h.f cd.f pDRzdusH.f cDzsdv> t0JwtJ.f'd; t0Joh.f (etz) rR0J'D;w>fuvk>f
v>ttd . f q D v D R to;zJ wcD ; rR0Jv>Ry.fwH.ftylRb.ftCd zJ 'D; r>ySR'k;td.fxD.fy.fwH.fvDR$ ySR
x.ftySR t*R 10 [JuhR'd;csHv> weH R ngtH R *D R cD e ‹ . f Ch > f z sd ; ql v>trR'H;0J y.fw.H w f >frRwz.fe.‹ f
oh.frk>fx.fql wcD;x.ftb>.fp>R KNU ok;uh (7)ttd.fe‹.fvDR$ wtJ.f'd; xD'geDwrHRb.f$ b.f
tcge‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 5tySR KSDDP w>f&d.fzSd.frl q.foemfuh y.fwH.ftusge‹.f w
v>t[;qS.fw>fwz.f xH.f0J'D; 'gcd.f pDRzduvH.f v>ttd.fzJ ok; b.fwJv>unDzdw*hR˜ uvkmf'l.f
c;0Jt*h>fe‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 5 cd;uD>fq> 1018ok;&h.f td.fqDvDR y.fwH.fwzk {dRwzk{dRe‹.f etzok;
ok;*h>f0D cd.f ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDRus>R'd.f o;w>fvD>f zJ&.‹SG fud.fudRo0DR˜ &Rr [h.f0J pdurDRcJG;,mfv>v>ySJRySJR
pH;0Je‹.f vDR$ wHuD>fq.ftHRe‹.f cDzsdv> y.fwH.fylR wtd.fb.f$ rhrh>f,Je.‹ f ,uqJ;rR
“rk>[ f gvDR 4e.f&.H f b.f e‹.f w>fpw d >furDRwtd.ef w D rHRb.f 0J ySRuvkmft*D>f 'fok;cd.fegcgrGt ‹
zJ yySR[;qS.fw>ftq>uwD>f˜ tzD c d . f b.f C h > f z sd ; 0J t *h > f e ‹ . f od;vDR$” t*h>f pH;0Je‹.fvDR$
xH.f0J'.f csHwbh.ftylR td.f'D; ok; pDRzdusH.fpH;0J'ftHRe‹.fvDR$ ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 7
zd o H . f z d v D R $ zJ e ‹ . f o h . f n g0J v > t0JpH;0J “,[JuhR cJ ok;&h.f 101cd.f ok;cd.f'd.f*D>f*h>f pDRzD
etzok;tCd c;0J'.fwbsDCD Photo-KNU tHRe‹.f ,u[JuhRrRw>fv>ySR 'd.fpH;0J “t0J[JwkR0J v>ytd.fcJ
vDR$ v>woHb.fwz.fe.‹ f vDRv> uvkmft*D>f'fod; ch.ftJ.f,l.f'D; 'H.f tHRe‹.f ,o;ckvDR$ ywl>fvdmfrkmf
ch.b
f .H tf .h t
f *D>v
f RD $ ,b.fu0J J ch.f tDRvDR$ yemfv> u[JuhRv>cH
tJ;pf'H.f'H.fzH.f y.fwH.fu&>zdw*R utd.'f ;H vDR$”t*h>ef .‹ f pH;0Je.‹ v f RD $
e‹.f cDzsd ,o;eH.f 50bsJ.fvHtCd pD R zd u sH . f t H R e‹ . f w
etzok; odvOh 50cdO EkPvD:vU ua:thpOh ua'H ;D uD;w&H;wy: 'fetzok;y'd.f w>fol.fxD.fw>f csK;v> qDwvJto;ql bH.f
bs>oJp;cd.foh.ftod; ,uJok; uFH.foJ;zfb.fe.‹ f rh>fwh>f0J 'H.fch.fbH.f
vg,El R tg&H R 14oD ˜ vD>fu0DRurs>>fv> w uD;w&H;uD>fq.fylRvH'D; rk>fqh.f uFH'D; uD;w&H;uD>fq.fylRtw>f*h>f we‹>fv>Rb.fvDR$ tCde‹.f 0JRvD>f th.f ok;uh 999tzDvmfok;&h.f 5
egxlp.f (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) tJ.f'd;ymfzsgtrHRw*RpH;0J “ zJt xD.fweHR vg,ElRtg&HR 13oDt e‹.f oh.fngb.fvDRwH>fvDRqJ;w cd.o
f .h f ud;,R0HR'D; r>Ekmv f RD ql y.f ok;&h.fcd.fw*R'D; t0Jrh>f ch.ftJ;pf
etz y>q>&J.fusJRok; ylRuHmG f 12oDteHRe‹.f puc 5tzD eHRe‹.f unD'Duvkmfw>fxl.fzsJ;ok; td.f'H;b.f b.fq.fuwD>ftHRe‹.f wH.yf Rl vDR$ y.fw.H ef mfuh rh>0f J etz 'H.f'H.fzH.f u&>zdtqduw>>fw*R
0JRvD>fcd.foh.f=puc 5tzDvmf vmfok;&h.fwz.f odvh.f 44cd.f p; rk>f'd.f (ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f)ok;&h.f 18 etzok;'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fok;t 'k;td.fxD.fe‹>f0JvDR$ pdurDRcJ;G ,mf v>pH.fzsd;ql ch.ftJ.f,lttd.fe‹.f
ok;&h.fwz.f ok;odvh.ftcd.f 50 xD.fv> cFDecG.f(acsmif;ESpfcG)vJR c;pJ;_yJ;tDRzJ 'D.fyvD.fo0DC>Rw b>.fp>R w>f'k;ql.fxD.ftCd t0J wtd . f e D w rH R b.f $ ,o;v>mf vDR$ Ô
bsJ.f zJwvgtHR vg,ElRtg&HR oh.f [JrRtgxD.fteD.f*H>fvDRt
12oDteHRe‹.f Ekmv f RD [l;*JR0J'.fv> odvh.f 44cd.f p;xD.fv> cFDecG.f(acsmif;ESpfcG) *h>fe‹.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f 'lysmf,mfuD>f&h.f
uFRthph.fuFH'D; uD;w&H;uD>fq.fylR vJRxD.fql 0h>fuFRthph.fuFHvDR$ etz ok;wz.ftHRe‹.f eJ.f&J.G f pDRvH.fpw>.fpH;0Je.‹ fvDR$
t*h>fe.‹ f 'fw>fupD.f[Jv>e‹.fwyR EkmfvDR[l;*JRoDoDvDR$ t0J p H ; 0J “t0J o h . f
tod; oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ (etz) w>f&J.fw>fusJRtd.fv> p;
etzpuc 5tzDvmf xD.fql 0h>fuFRthph.fuFHvDR$ etz bsD oHumHG 0f J 2*R b.f'd 2*Rt*h>ef .‹ f xD.fzJ uFRthuvJRCDRql uFJR'd cd.ef .‹ f uqS>xD.t f ySRweDR v>uFRJ uD>f&h.fwyRtcg rRur.fySRunD
ok;&h.fwz.f Ckmf'D; w>fpku0JR'D; ok;wz.ftHRe‹.f EkmfvDR[l;*JRoDoD vD>fu0DRzdw*RCDt0Je‹.f pH;0Je‹.f vDR$ cDzsdv>uFJR'de.‹ f td.f'D; ok;u 'dusJ wyRcD{g˜ p;xD.fzJuFJR'dql˜ cJ;G ,mfwz.f'ftrh>f rRt>rRoD˜ rR
w>ftD.fw>ftDwz.f zJvg,ElRtg vDR$”t*h>fe‹.f pH;b.fch.ftJ;pH.fe‹.f vDR$ v>RtCdvDR$ w>f[JxD.fbsDng cFLRuvH˜ uGHwR[dusJtd.f0J'.f oHrR0D vD>fu0DR ySRo0Dzd˜ rlRql.f
&HR 12oDteHRe‹.f ok;odvh.f 44cd.f vDR$ etzok; puc 5tzD tHR w>f&J.fusJRtd.frwRvJ.fe‹.f y vDR$ b.fo.h o f .h f rRtgxD.t f eD.*f >H f ydmfrk.fydmfr>R˜ r>tD.fql.fo0Dzd˜ zD.f
wkRvDR0J'.f uFRthp.h u f 0HF >h yf Rl tod; weHRCDt0Je‹.f puc vmfok;&h.f wz.fe.‹ f w>f&J.fw>ftd.f Ckoh.fngtz>vDR$ rh>f[JqDwvJ v>uFJR'dwyRvDR” pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ ql.yf .D w
f .f oh.wf z.fvRD $ zJe.‹ t
f cg
v> uD;w&H;uD>fq.fwyRph>fuD; 5tzDvmf cD.fchsok;&h.f=cr& 563 v>uvJRCDRql uFJR'd (usKduf'kH) uhRtok;{g˜ rh>fu[JrR&SJ[D.fu etzpuc 5tH R e‹ . f puc 5 cd.fvD>fvHR ok;cd.fus>>fzd
ok;odv.h f 15cd.f Ekmv f RD [l;*JR0J'.f v>teD.f*H>f utd.f0J 170C.fC.f uFRthph.fuFHuD>fq.fylR'D; etzok; 0DR wcD{g'k ywoh.fng'H;b.f˜ cJ t ylRuHmG f 2006eH.w f Rk 2009eH.ef .‹ f uDrF.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 2 tySRc;
t*h>fe.‹ f vD>fu0DR urs>>fwz.fpH;0J wz.fCkmf'D; ok;odvh.f 15cd.f [J wz.fe‹.f EkmfvDR[l;*JR0J'.fv> ch.f tHRv>zvlwyR 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f'D; [l;*JR0J;'.fv> unDu>D pf .J f uvHR 0J'.ftCd zJ 2009eH.f oHuHmG f0Je.‹ f
e‹.fvDR$ wkR0J'.fv> ed.&f .hG rf .d ˜f 'D.yf vD.o
f 0D tJ.f,l.f ok;uh 6w>fvD>f uFRthph.f t0Joh.ftySRwz.f c;vdmfo;tzD pd;wyR ch.t f .J ,
f .l f ok;uh 2˜ wDtl vDR$ Ô

unDw>upD.w>y&X/vg,ElRtg&HR/2011eH./ubsH;yR=3
yS:CdPzdyOD wO 4*: ChIyl:zs;J u'D;to; o;orl
vg,El R tg&H R 14oD ˜ 'D; thvR‹G 45eH.f v>yuduD>fcD oR qS>0Jql ok;w;tpkylRtCd b.f vDR$
pDRcgqlng (ch.ftJ;pH.f)
ySRCdmzf yd .D w
f .f 4*R v>
,R0wHRCdmyf Rl e‹.v f RD $ ySRoh.w
e‹.f b.f0He‹>f0J'.f etzok;}wdR 22
f z.f w>fqS>u'D;ql wDRuvhCdmfylR
vDR$ b.ftd.fv>CdmfylR 1vg'D; 6
b.fxJ'G D; etzok; yD.f
w.fCh>fzsd;xD.fw>f*h>ftHRe‹.f pDRrFdrh
twIbOuGIqUOrJP
ty.fCkmf'D; etzok; ok;}wdR 22 tzDvmfok;&h.f cv& 201 v>t oD0HRe‹.f b.fw>fqS>xD.fu'D;ql olRv>trh>f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 7
ok;usdR v>tEkmfvDR[l;zJ zJunD Ekmf vDR[l;*JRzJ ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh w>frJmfngtHR'D; ,pH.fzsd;xD.f0J 0JR'>;cd.f 2w*RpH;0J “ yD.fw.f v>
uD>fpJ.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f ok;uh 7[D.fu 7[D.fu0DRylR zJwvgngtHR vg vDR$” t*h>f pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ tpH.zf s;d v> ytd.o f .h wf z.fe.‹ f 'ft p;xD.fv> ytd.f'>vD>f
0DRylR zJweHRtHR Ch>fylRzsJ;u'D;t xD.foDtHRwz.f tusdcsHySmfo.f'D; zJv> t[Jydmf0J etz 0Joh.f tJ.f'd;tod; yuG>fusJRe‹>fv> w>fb.fu>G fq>.frJmfwnD
o;ql unD'Duvkmfw>fxl.fzsJ; w>fzdw>fvHRoh.fwz.ftcg Ch>fylR ok;usdRwz.ftcH tq>uwD>fe‹.f t*hRuw>>fvDR$ v>cH yD.fw.fv> chcgw>ftd.fo;wcD
ok;rk>f'd.f (ch.ftJ.ftJvfth.f)ttd.f zsJ;0Jto;t*h>fe‹.f pDRphRthv> t ok;zdwz.f 0JwD.fxd yD.fw.fwz.f uCh>fzsd;xD.futd.f0J z;tg'H; vDRysHRvDRu[kunD>f
t*h>fe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ rh>w
f RD uvhCmd zf w d *R pH;0Je.‹ vf RD $ wu;b.f ySRCdmfzdweDR ,D>fb.f vDR$”t*h>f pH;0Je‹.fvDR$
zJvg,ElRtg&HR 4oD “[J0Hw>fv> w>frJmf rh.fyd>ftd.f0Jtod; v>w>f'k;w>f uwD>ftHR ch.ftJ.f,l.f p;xD.fzJ ytd.fzsJ.fxD.f
wkRv> 11oDtwD>fylR etzok; ngbsDtHRe‹.f ySRCdmfzdv> wDRu ,mftylR ySRCdmfzd b.f'db.fxH; ok;uh 7 [D.fu0DRylRe‹.f etzok;
xHb.frk>ftw>fuyDR
}wdR 22 tySR ySRCdmfzdyD.fw.f (5) vhCdmfylRe‹.f y.f0J t*R 100vDR$ td.pf >h u
f ;D 0Jt*h>ef .‹ f rhrph rd >h yf RS tpH.f ok;}wdR 22tzDvmfok;&h.f 'ftrh>f
*RCh>fzsd;ql ch.ftJ.f,l.fok;uh 7t pH.fzsd;cJtHRe‹.f 3*RvDR$ v>t0Jw zsd;xD.f w*R pH;0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ cD.fok;&h.f cv& 201˜ 202˜ 204˜
wbsDCDb.fcDzsdtDR
td.t f od; zJ weHRtHR ySRCdmzf d 4*R *Re‹.f pH.fzsd;0JxJw*RvDR$ ,td.f ySR0Hw>fzdv> b.fw>f 205˜ 209oh.fwz.f'D; y>q>&J.f ySJR'D; w>fo;tk;oySDR
Ch>fzsd;xD.fu'D;0Je‹.fvDR$ zJwuDo0D vl>fysJ>fuD>fq.fylRvDR$ qS > xD . f t D R ql w>f r J m f n gv> usJR ok;0JRvD>cf .d o
f .h f puc 19 t
ySmfCdmfzdyD.fw.f v>t b.fvDRCdmfylRe‹.f w>fur.fwtd.f etzok;pd;ugtDRv> ySRCdmfzdyD.f zDvmfok;&h.f 4&h.f˜ uD>fcD ok;&h.f wkR'd.fxD.foh.fngxD.fw>f
Ch>fzsd;xD.fwkRv> ch.ftJ.f,l.ftd.f eDwrHRb.f˜ zJ 2010 vgtD;uxd w.foh.fwz.fe‹.f rh>f0J'.f w>frRoH 1&h.f [l;*JR0J'.fe‹.fvDR$ w>ftd.frlycDzsdb.f
cJtHRoh.fwz.fe.‹ f rh>f0J pDRphRth 39 b>.fe.‹ f ,vJRrRysw D >fzJ &Db>.fus;D w>ftrl;˜ wD>fySRunDtrl;˜ [k.f v>y'k.'f gwuyR
eH.f˜ bdRbdRZDR 23eH.f˜ rhrhpd 24eH.f wusD;tcg bdRb;ohwDcd.f&d.frJ w>f˜ qgcFo J .h w
f z.fe.‹ 'f ;D xH&>l u f >D f ÔÔÔ vDRo;qg0J'.f'd.fr;
v>unDuD>fpJ.f˜ wDRuvhCdmfylR bH.fuFH.ftJ;zftySRwz.f zD.f,R'D; oJ; ySRCdmfzdwz.fwy.fCkmfb.fe.‹ f
unDuD>frh>fuD>fCHvR
0D:vh:wI'k;[JqOl xDO v>ySJR0J'D;w>fCHvR
cDzsdv> 'k.f'gwyR
vg,El R tg&H R 14oD ˜ e‹.f p;xD.fv> rk>fxl.f 12e.f&H.f wkR (etz)xD.f0J'.f ypcg 30Dngb.f (Akdvfausmfouf)wDcd.f&drJ 'H.fch.f b.ftd.fuhRxJ w>frRe;
pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ.fpH.f) v>rk>[ f gvDR 6e.f&.H 'f ;D c;0J'.f usd q.f cDzsdtySRb.f'de;w wv>t bH.fth.f tySRp;xD.fv> [gcD 1e.f
unDuD>fpJ.f 0DRvhR[D.f z;'d.ftge‹>f'H; tzs>.f 200t*h>fe‹.f Cd *kmfuhRtcHvDR$” &H.fwkRvDRv> [gcD 6e.f&H.ft*h>f unDzdw>fu>G fq>.frJmf
u0DRylR etz'D; 'H.fch.fbH.fth.ft v>'H.fch.fbH.fth.fwyR pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ w>f'k;weHRngtHRe‹.f e‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh (5)ySRu qH;,Hmfr; b.fuw>>fvJ.f
b>.fp>R w>f'k;tHRe‹.f uwD>ftHR ok;cd.pf d pDRprh v>trh>f v>etzwyR oH'D;b.f'de‹.f yw wdRw>fy> bdRqgtDR(Adkvfqef; unDzdokvJRzJvJ.f
[Jql.f0J'.fu‹>G fu‹>G ft*h>fe‹.f v>'H.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 5 usdz;'d.f oh.fngeD.f*H>f eD.f';G vDRwH>fvDRqJ; atmif)pH;0Je‹.fvDR$
xd.fClo;'D;rRuhReJ
ch.fbH.fth.fwyR pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ ok;w*RpH;0J “weHRtHRp;xD.fv> 'H.fb.fb.fq.f rhrh>fv> 'H.fch.fbH.f zJtylRuHmG f vg,ElRtg
etzok; y>q>&J.fusJR 12 e.f&.H wf cDwRk v> [gcD 6e.f&.H f th.f˜ unD'Duvkmfw>fxl.fzsJ;ok; &HR xD.f 12oDteHRe‹.f cDzsd etzw
ok;0JRvD>cf .d o
f .h f puc 12tzDvmf e‹.f v>etzwyR c;0J'.fypcg rk>f'd.fwyRe‹.fw>fb.f'db.fxH;w yR c;vDRusdz;'d.f oyS>fuw>>ft unDuD>fub.fbsK;uhR
ok;&h.f v>teD.f*H>futd.f0J 180 'D;usdzdusdz;'d.f *H>f';G tzs>.fr;w td.fb.fe‹.fvDR$ Cd e ‹ . f bd R uF D R oJ . f ( Ak d v f a usmf cd.fe>fCdxHrR*hRuhR
C.fC.f [JxD.fc;0J 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f b.f v>mfb.f˜ y0JwyRph>fuD; 'fe.‹ ftod; v>zvl[D.f ouf) b.fys>fuHGmf uqD0gvhR cd.fe>fySRok;usJRw>foh
tluhs.fx.fok;pcg zJweHRngtHR uh R c;u'guh R 0J v D R $ t0J o h . f u0DRwyRph>fuD; etzxD.fc;0J ok;pcgt*h>fe.‹ f oh.fngb.fe.‹ fvDR$ xH.funDzdb.fbsK;uhR

p;xD.frk>feHRtHRqlng
'HOchObHOthO ok;zdvU vJ:'k;eJOzsgxDO twIbOo;zJ 0hIrJIqD; wq>uvDRrk>fvDRz;
o;orlw>fvJRqlng
,lOtJO&lrPJ ngw*: bOwIzDO'k;CPuGPH w>fu>G fq>.frJmfb.f0HRr;

vg,El R tg&H R 4oD ˜ zs>.f v>xk;uHmG f0JtrJ>f cJ;G cJv>mf o;orlw>fu>G fq>.frJmf
pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ;pH.f) e‹.fvDR$ rh>frwRurRp>RvJ.f
'H.cf .h b
f .H t f .h f tySRok;zd pDRo;reH.f ChxD.f0J'.f
unDzrd >h w
f rReJ
v> vJR'k;eJ.fzsgxD.ftw>fb.fo; ql ,l.ftJ.fttd.f 'ftrh>f 2010
zJ0>h rf >J q
f ;D ,l.t f .J ±f rl mJ n
f gtcg zD.f w>fCkx>tHRe‹.f wl>fvdmfwohb.f wpdRo;b.fu>G fq>.frJmf
Cmf0'J .f ySReDigtD.f pJ;uJ;zdw*Re‹.f t*h>f˜ 2010 w>fCkx>tHRe‹.f qD
qlwIr:eU:zDwUO
uF.D wf .J yf >RuD>w f z.f zD.'f ;k CmfumGH f wvJ uD>yf ,DRql 'H.rf .d jf ch.pf .H of El
nOvlI'Uua$d $$$
tDRvHe‹.fvDR$ we‹>fb.f'D; ,l.ftJ.fwDcd&drJ0J'D;
zJw*DRngtHR *DRcD 4e.f wdp>RrRp>RqD.fxJGb.f uD>fy,DR
&H.ftq>uwD>fe‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f v>uqDwvJto;ql 'H.frd.fjch.f
ok;uh 999zs>.f ok;&h.f 4 tySRok; pH.fxHuD>fwbh.ft*h>f w>f*h>fw>f
zd pDRo;reH.f (oHr%d) 36eH.f t usdRcJv>mf td.f0JvHG>fxH.fe‹.fvDR$ Photo-KKM
w>fynd.fv> 'fod;uD>fy,DR ue‹>f b.fq.f pDRo;reH.fw>f [H;t&hxJ pdmfw>fpku0JRv>w 'k;,R G2ok;cd.'f .d zf d pDRqgtDRpH;0J
yS R eD i gtD . f p J ; uJ ; zd ' D ; pD R o;reH . f
'H.frd.fjch.fpH.ft*D>f ,l.ftJ.fuwDcd.f ChxD.foh.fwz.fe‹.f ,l.ftJ.f±l ySR zd; oJp;w>fbs>b.fwcg{dR'D; u v>pDRo;reH.ftHRe‹.f wrh>fv>R 'H.f
&drJ qDwvJuHGmf0J'D; ttd.f[J b.frb l .f'gw*Rr; w[Jx.H w f >.f y>>fwz.f 'ftrh>fokwuhRqS>u 2zs>.fe‹.fvDR$ wD>tf RH e‹.f zD.'f ;k CmfumGH f pDRo;reH.f ch.fbH.fth.f tySRok;zdw*Rb.f˜
v>rF.f0wH.f˜ vJR'k;eJ.fzsgxD.f t yD.foud; w>f'D;tDRb.f˜ 0h>frJ>fqD; 'guhRtDRql uD>fy,DRw*hR'D; w pDRo;reH.f [H;e‹>fw>fe>f zJ0h>frJ>fqD; y>RuD>fw>f'k;CmftylR b.frEkRtCdvJ.fe‹.f uwD>ftHRe‹.f
o;tcg cDzsdv>w>ftd.fo; w*hR y>RuD>fcd.f eJ.fuHRwHRq; wdRrdRq; b.fqS>tDRql 'H.fch.fbH.fth.fttd.f y>>f'D; y>RuD>fcd.f0HRtvD>fcH y>RuD>f e‹.fvDR$ 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 999zs>.fe‹.f
tgb.ftCd zD.C f mf0'J .f ySReDigtD.f vJRw>.fyD.foud;w>f'D; tDR,Hmf0J v>Rw*hRt*h>foh.fwz.f0HRe‹.f ymf cd.pf ;H b.f vD>uf 0DR ySRrRw>fupD.zf d b.fxJ'G D; w>f*h>ftHRe‹.f qDwvJto;ql etz uD>fq>
pJ;uJ;zdw*R'D; pdmfCmf0J pkrh.fyd>fcH we.f&H.fC.fC.f0HR rRe‹>f0Jw>fe>>f vDRuHmG f0J pkrh.fyd>fv> tzD.fCmf0J wz.f v>pDRo;reH.ftHRe‹.f w>fu 'H.fch.fbH.fth.f ok;uh 5 usd.fxlbD ok;vHt*h>f pH;0Je‹.fvDR$

unDw>upD.w>y&X/vg,ElRtg&HR/2011eH./ubsH;yR=4
(4)bswD bsDunDo;pIu&U cDu&J; tHR w>fv>woh.n
ngtgxD.f˜ w>fv>,wcDzsdb.f
f g'H;b.fe.‹ f oh.f

'H; ,cDzsdtgxD.f˜ *hRz;'d.fng


ySRuvkmfvDR$ ,tJ.f'd; [h.f*H>f
[h.fbg ,ySRuvkmfo;p>fwz.f
CktgxD.fw>ful.foh˜ urRvdoh
vDR$”t*h>f pDRtDRxdv> trh>f ed.zf d tgxD . f t o;'D ; urRbsK;tg
pD:qOCl 'Ju0DR o;p>fu&>c>.fp;w*RpH; xD.ftySRuvkmf” pH;0Je‹.fvDR$
0Je.‹ fvDR$ (4)bsDwbsD unDo;
pDRtDRxd qD.fwclxD.f p>fu&> cDu&J;bsD0JtHRe‹.f ymfvDR
(4)bsDwbsD unDo; 'fod;urRe>Rw>ft*D>fe.‹ f yb.f&J.f u&> y>qS>urH;wHmf (11)*R bsD0JtHRe‹.f ,rRvde‹>fw>fz;tg ph>fuD;0J unDol.fbD.fo;p>frk.f˜ cGg 0J'.f w>frRqlngwz.f v>trh>f
p>fu&> (KYO) cDu&J;e‹.f b.f usJRrRtDR'fvJ.fe‹.f ytJ.f'd;'k;oh.f v>b.fw>fCkx>xD.ftDR zJ(4) ng˜ b.frEkRtCdvJ.fe‹.f w>f*h>f wz.fv> “,tJ.f'd;wJb.f ySRo; (1)'fod; w>fy>>fq> p>RoJ.G foDu
w>frRtDRzJ unDuD>fpJ.f˜ ch.ftJ.f ng zJcDu&J;bsD0JtHRvDR$” bsDwbsDcDu&J;bsD0JtHRwz.fe‹.f w>fusdRoh.fwz.f ywJoud; bsJ; p>fwz.fe.‹ f yutd.f'D; w>fol.fql.f td.fxD.ft*D>f u[;&d.fzSd.f unD
,l.f ok;uh (5)˜ rkmf}wDRuD>f&h.f˜ (4)bsDwbsD unDo; rh>f0J u&>cd.f= pDR&DuHRck.fyH>fwc;˜ bsJ;bsD;bsD; tw>f*H>fql.ftd.ft o;ql.fv> rl'gv> tvDRb.fySR o;p>fwz.f˜ (2)u[h.f'k;oh.fng
'h.bf ;l ed.of 0D˜ p;xD.v f > vg,ElR p>fu&> cD;u&J;z;'d.fbsD0JtHRe‹.f u&>cd.f(2) pDRtJ.fuvkmfph˜ eJ.f&J.G f od;˜ w>f*H>fp>ftd.fvDR$ yymfzsgxD.f oh.w f z.f˜ okw*kmv f >D cf w
H *hR˜ 'fy o;p>fwz.f xH&l>fuD>foJ;t*h>fusdR
tg&HR 19oDwkRv> 29oDteHRe‹.f vD>fc>.fo; unDo;p>fu&>˜ uD>f pDRtJ.fxlpd˜ eJ.f&GJ.foCJR(1) pDR yw>fxH.fv> yo;p>foe>.frh>f*hR˜ rh>f o;p>ftod; rh>f'.fcgqlng rd>f wz.f˜ (3)o;p>fwz.f uoh.fng
vDR$ v>cDu&J;bsDngtHRe‹.f vD>f &h.fo;p>fu&>˜ unDb.fuDb.fcJ uF.‹ yf pH.˜f eJ.&f .JG o
f CJR(2) eD>t
f b
h Rh cd.fe>foh.fwz.f t0Joh.fxH.fv> tpk'k.ftpkwDRtod;e‹.f yurR e>fy>>f b.fC;w>fuwDRuhR cd.f
c>.fo;urH;wHmf unDo;p>fu 'Ju0DR o;p>fu&>wz.f p;xD.f e‹p>f˜ ySR*h>f0Drl'gcd.f pDRq.ftJ.fxl˜ o;p>fo.h wf z.ftzDc.d rf >h *f Rh ˜ wJo w>fv> w>fol.fql.fo;ql.f v> C>Re‹q>.f˜ w>f'k;xD'guHGmf u
&>wz.f˜ uD>f&h.f unDo;p>fu&> v> 2005eH.fwkR 2010eH.ftwD>f w>fu&>u&d'D; &RvDRoElrl'gcd.f ud;bsJ;bsJ;bsD;bsD; wtd.f'D; w>f w>fo;wzs>.fCD˜ v>w>fClw>f oH.frlRbSD;˜ u[h.foh.fngtgxD.f
c>.fp;wz.f˜ unDb.fuDb.fcJ'J ylR ymfzsgxD.fw>fymfzsgwz.f'D; yJmf eD>fuJbsK;xl˜ w>fy>RCmfuwDRe‹ ol.f'd.fo;[h eDwrHb.f$ ywJo zd; v>w>fwrHRCDtod;rD.f” pH;0J o;p>fwz.f yDngb.fC; w>ful.f
u0DR unDo;p>fu&> c>.fp;w e‹.fvDR$ vJRrRuR ySRunDt*h>ftusdR˜
z.f˜ KNU,KWO cd.fe>fc>.fp; eD>fzDtJ.fph (17)eH.f v> (4)uxk;xD.f&RvDR0JvHmf˜ uxk;
wz.f ˜ unD w >f u &>u&d v > trh>f 'lysmf,mfuD>f&h.f c>.fp;w*R xD.f0JvHmfeH.fvHmfvg˜ rJ;upH˜
b.fw>fuJrG kmftDRvDRqD c>.fp;w pH;ph>fuD;0J “,w>f[J cDu&J;bsD0J unDo;p>f w>fpH.fpdRwJpdRwz.f'D;
z.fCmk 'f ;D ySRxD.'f u d e.fw>fzw d z.f tHRe‹.f ,'d;e‹>b f .f tbsK;tzS.d 'f D Websitewz.f 'ftvd.f0Jtod;
ymfz.dS cf v
J >mf ySR[Jx.D t f .d 0f J (123) 'l.fngvDR$ [JxH.fb.f urs>>fzJtHR ymfvDR0J w>frRqlngcJv>mftd.f0J
*Re‹.fvDR$ oh.fwz.f tw>ftd.fo;wz.f˜ y '.f (14)xH.fe‹.fvDR$
unDo;p>fu&> cDu [Jb.fr; yoh.fngb.fvDR$ yoh.f unDo;p>fu&>cd.f pDR
&J;z;'d.b f sDe.‹ f w>fymfyeD.yf mf*>>fymf ngb.fph>fuD; ol.fbD.fo;p>fv> &DuRH ck.yf >H w f c;pH;0J“ w>fv> yu
us>RCmf0J'.fv> w>fub.frRtDR w>fvD>fv>t*R oh.fwz.fvDR$ 'd; b.frRtDRe‹.f 14xH.f v>cDu&J;ymf
(4)eH . f w bsD b .f q .f cD z sd w >f e‹>fb.fcJ;G ,mf v>[JxD.fb.f cDu vDRe‹>yf RS e‹.˜f t*RwcgcDe.‹ f w>fq>
uDw>fcJtd.f0J'.f tuvkmfuvkmf &J;bsDtHR ,o;ckz;'d.fng” wJmfvHG>fxH.ftusg v>trh>f w>f
tzDcd.fe‹.f ySJRxD.f 6eH.fr; rRuhR0J tHwl>fx.f b.fuDb.fcJ qDvDRymfvDRuhR unDo;p>fu&>
cDu&J;tHRe‹.fvDR$ unDo;p>fu 'Ju0DR unDo;p>fu&> 0JR '>;cd.f v>xH*Rk uD>*f R˜ w>fcge‹.f rh>w f >fw
&>tHRe‹.f b.fw>f'k;td.fxD.ftDRzJ pDRtJ.fuvkmfpH;0J “v>cDu &J;0J cgv> t&h'd.f b.frEkRtCdvJ.fe.‹ f
1989eH.f vgrhR 23oD0HRtvD>fcH tHR ySRtg*R [h.fxD.fw>fxH.f w>f yySRuvkmfvJRv> uD>fo>bh.fw
v>w>fuDw>fcJ tuvkmfuvkmf pH;w>fuwdRtzDcd.f'D; ,rRvd z.ftd.ftgr;˜ td.fv>yub.fu
tylR w>f*kmfusJ;p>;rRtDR cDu&J;
ySJRxD.f0J'.f (4)bsDwbsDvH'D; vD>f
Photo-KIC tgxD.f wpSRb.f˜ cd.fe>fw*Rb.f &>u&duhR ySRo;p>foh.fwz.fvDR$
w*R [h.fxD.fw>fxH.f˜ ok;uh w wuwD>fCD 'Ju0DRylR o;p>foh.f
c>.fo; ySRy>qS>urH;wHmfwz.fph>f xHeDRz;vDRuhR0J'.f w>f[l;w>f*JR q>.frl'gcd.f eD>frl0g˜ od.frSHR*h>f0Drl'g ud;e‹>fuhR w>ftq>oh.fwz.f rh>f bh.f'D;wbh.f [h.fxD.fw>fxH.fe‹.f wz.fph>fuD; y-u>;rR rlxD.f*JRxD.f
uD; Ckmf'D;wpdRtHRe‹.f yJSRxD.f0J'.f tw>f*H>fql.f˜ tw>f*H>fp>fwz.f cd.f pDRbHux>.fv˜h ySRy>Rph eD>zf C D H w>fol.frHo;rHrD.f$ v>cgqlng ,xH.fv> rh>fw>frRw>fv> ySR uhRt0Joh.f v>utd.f'D; w>ftJ.f
(7)pdRwpdRvHe‹.fvDR$ 0HR'D; Ckx>xD.fph>fuD;0J vD>fc>.f vR'D; ySRorHord;ph eD>f[Jv>mfxl yurRw>fv> yySRuvkmf˜ yySR tg*Rt*D>fph>f˜ v>,*D>femfuhoh.f w>fy>qS>o;o[D.f˜ w>ftJ.fuhR
(4)bsDwbsD unDo; o;y>qS>urH;wHmf (11)*Rv> e‹.fvDR$ o;p>ft*D>frD.f$” e‹>fbsK;wpSRb.f˜ cDu&J;z;'d.ftHR tunDo;p>fu&>'.f0J˜ bsD'ke‹.f
p>fu&> cDu&J;bsD0JtHRe‹.f ySRy>R uy>qS>wDc.d &f .d rf 0J J qlrmJ n f g (4) pD R uF ‹ . f y pH . f v >trh > f cs>.fvHG>fxl.f unDo; rh>fw>f*hRv> yuD>f&h.f˜ uD>fq.f˜ y b.fC;v> uD>fylRwyRph>fuD; w>f
vD>fqh.feDR unDo;p>fu&>cd.f eH.ftwD>fylR t*D>foh.fwz.ft*h>f b.fw>fCkx>xD.ftDRv> vD>fc>.f p>fu&> eJ.f&J.G f pDR*DRxlpH;0J “v>cD ok;uh˜ y'Ju0DRwbh.b f .f wbh.f t&h'd.fwcgv> b.fC;w>frRoH
vD>fvHRpDRv;xd td;xD.fw>fu e‹.f pDR&DuHRck.fyH>fwc; v>trh>f o;unDo;p>fu&> eJ.f&JG.foCJR u&J;bsDngtHRtCd yo;p>fu tylR'D; yurR*hRxD.foh.fwz.fe‹.f rR0D˜ w>frRw&DwygySR˜ vDRqD'.f
wdRtqduw>>fv> “cJtHRe‹.f y b.fw>fCkx>xD.ftDRv> unD (1)w*R˜ rh>fph>fuD; uD>f&h.f z.ft.f &> tw>f[l;w>f*JR tw>ftd.fo; rD.f ,[Jw>ft.d zf .dS b f sn D gtHR ,e‹>f w>f ySRo;p>fcJ;G ,mfw>fcge‹.f yu
unDo;p>fu&> (4)bsDwbsD cD o;p>fu&>cd.f v>cDu&J;bsD0Je‹.f unDo;p>fu&> c>.fp;w*RpH;0J oh.fwz.f˜ 'fod;v> w>fpH;uwdR tgxD.fw>fod.fvdv> ,rh>fuhRrR b.frR˜ yw>frRusJtzDcd.f yt>.f
u&J;wkRu'D;vHvDR$ yunDo; w*RpH;0Je.‹ fvDR$ “(4)bsDwbsD (ch.f0J.ftd.f) cDu&J; w>fbs>cd.o f .h w
f z.f re>fy>>ftgxD.f w>fv> 'Ju0DRylRe‹.f ,ub.f[H; vDRv> yu*kmfusJ;p>;rRtDRv>
p>fu&>tHRb.f w>f'k;td.fzsJ.fxD.f t0JpH;0J “ycDu&J;bsD wbsDngtHR ,w>fxH.fv> cd.fe>f uhRvDR$ yoh.fngtgxD.fb.fph>f pkeJ.fusJ ySRol.fbD.fo;p>fwz.f˜ t*hRuw>>f” pH;0Je‹.fvDR$
uhR zJ 1989wkR uhR 2011 tHRe‹.f 0Je‹.f yuJrG kmf0J c>.fp;cJv>mfvDR$ c>.fp;wz.fe‹.f t0Joh.ftd.f'D; w>f uD; uD>f&h.fwbh.fb.fwbh.f t ,b.fpH;uwdRw>f'D; ySRrRoud; pDR&DuHRck.fyH>fwc; pH;
ySJRxD.f 22eH.fbsJ.fvH˜ o;p>fu&> b.fq.fv>wDtu l >D &f .h cf 'D ek .‹ f [J0J ol.q f .l of ;*JRrD.$f oh.f ngtgxD.0f J w>ftd.fo; 'Ju0DRtw>ftd.fo; w>fwz.frD.f˜ v>cDu&J;tHR ySR tgxD.fph>fuD;0J “,tJ.f'd;wJe‹.f
tHRe‹.f b.frEkRtCd v>b.fw>f'k; wcsK;b.f cDzsdv> wDtluD>f&h.f'.f uD>f&h.fwbh.fb.fwbh.f tw>fymf 'D; ye‹>fb.ftbsK;tzSd.fz;'d.fng [h.fxD.fw>fxH.ftCde‹.f ,xH.f wbsD ycd.fe>fz;'d.fw*RwJyF;,R
td.fxD.fvJ.fe‹.f unDw>fy>>fq>'f vJmf qDvDRto; we‹>f*hR*hR'H; zsg˜ uD>&f .h wf bh.b f .fwbh.f [l;*JR v>yo;p>fu&> tw>frRqlng v>uJbsK;v>,*D>fz;'d.f rD.f$” pH; w>fy>>fq>e‹.f wrh>fySRw*R tw>f
od;urRe>Rw>ft*D>f vd.fb.f0J b.f$ uD>f&h.fv>t*Roh.fwz.f'k 0J'fvJ.foh.fwz.f'D; yuhRqd;ug t*D>fvDR$” pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ 0Je.‹ fvDR$ rRb.f˜ wrh>fySRwpdRtw>frRph>f
yol.fbD.fo;p>ft*H>ftbg˜ ol.f [Jx.D yf RJS 0J';D yuJrG mk pf >h uf ;D 'Ju0DR uhR t0Joh.fw>f[l;w>f*JRuoh{g “ySR[h.fySRrl'g'D; y*kmf pDR'htJ.f v>trh>f bsH;' b.f˜ wrh>f[H.fwzk tw>frRph>f
bD.fo;p>fuy.fCkmft*D>f b.fw>f v>yzD.fysHRoh.fwz.fvDR$ w>f&J.f 'fe.‹ f rD.$f cDu&J; bsDtRH e‹.f ,'d;e‹>f usJ;p>;[Jv> t*hRuw>>fvDR$ 0J>f unDo;p>fu&> c>.fp;w*R b.f˜ w>fy>>fq>ub.frh>f ySRwpdR
'k;td.fxD.fuhR0J'.fvDR$ (4)bsDw w>fusRJ cD'k vJR0J'.f 'fw>ft.d zf .dS f nD b.f tbsK;tzSd.ftd.ftgrHR˜ w>f v>w>fvJRusJemfuhoh.f uDuDcJcJ b.fx'JG D; cDu&J;bsD0JtHRe‹.f ymfzsg 0HRwpdRtw>frR˜ w>frRe>Rrh>w f e‹>f
bsD cDu&J;bsD0JtHRe‹.f yuD>f&h.f˜ Ek>ftod;vDR$ ymfzsgxD.fqdw>fymf vD>f w>fusJw>ft.d o f ;rh>*f Rh ˜ c>.fp; ph>fvDR$ w>foh.fwz.fe‹.f ywymf xD.f tw>fxH.fv> “ (4)eH.fwbsD wpke.‹ f yrl'gw0HR'H;b.f˜ tCde.‹ f
uD>fq.f˜ 'lo0Dwu;b.f 'Ju0DR zsgwz.f˜ bsDe.‹ f w>fbb DS .fuRh w>f wz.f v>cDu&J;bsDngtHR yxH.f v>t*h>ftusdRb.frD.f$ tCde‹.f yvD>fc>.fo; unDo;p>fu&>td.f vDRqD'.fw>fv> yo;p>foh.fwz.f
wz.fcJv>mf yw>f[l;w>f*JR p; bs>cd.foh.fweDR˜ w>frRtgxD.fuhR b.f v>t0Joh.ftd.f'D; w>f*h>fvdmf˜ y*kmfusJ;p>;[J˜ 'fod; ycDu&J;bsD 'D; w>ftd.fzSd.f'ftHRrD.f$ -u>;v>y0J e‹.f yrh>u f >G f cd.ef >fv> u&>rd>yf >S w
f
xD.v f > 2005eH.f wkRv> 2010eH.f weDRvDR$ bsD'ek .‹ f yymfvRD uhR w>f w>f b.f*Hmf*lmf b.fC;'D;w>fwDcd.f ngtHR yb.f*h>fb.f0Dt*D>f 'fySReJ.f uD>&f .h w
f z.f u[JymfzsgxD.f y[D.f yR o;yS>fxD.fbl;uv>mfvH weDR
wqDb.fwqDe‹.f yuhRuG>fyJmfxH rRcg qlngwz.f˜ ytd.f'D; w>fCk &d.frJe.‹ f ub.f[H;e‹>frl'gvD>fe.‹ f t vDRySR˜ ySRvd.fb.ft*H>fbgtzDcd.f u0DR tw>ftd.fo;oh.fwz.f˜ uD>f eDRe‹.f t;vDRwh>frl'gvH˜ rl'ge‹.f
eDRz;tDRvDRwH>fvDR qJ;rh>f0HRe‹.f 'f x>xD.fuhR vD>fc>.fo;y>qS>urH; 0Joh.f tJ.f'd;*h>fvdmf0JvDR$” pH;0Je.‹ f tod; yrRv>ySJRwkRxD.f xD.fb; y,D R xH ± l > f u D > f o J ; w>f t d . f o ; wkRvDRv>yo;p>fwz.ftpkylRvH˜
od;yunDo;p>fu&> qlngw>f wHmf 11*Rv> uy>qS>w>fv> vDR$ upD'D˜ unDo;p>fu&> tw>f 'fvJ.f'fvJ.frD.f$ w>ftd.fzSd.f'ftHR , v>urRw>fv> yySRuvkmft*D>f
zH;w>frR uvJRxD.fvJRxDt*D>f˜ qlrJmfng 4eH.ft*D>fvDR$” pH;0Je‹.f 'fe‹.fod; pDRw>fy>>fq> vJRusJtRH e‹.f v>,*D>ef .‹ f rh>w
f >ft w[Jb.feDwbsDb.f˜ ySRqS>xD.f e‹.f Ground v>y&>rd>yf >S f td;xD.f
'fod;uuJxD.fu&> rd>fyS>ft*H>ft vDR$ v>trh>f 'lysmf,mfuD>f&h.f unD qduw>>fwbsDph>fvDR$ tCde‹.f ,R v>c>.fp;w*R'D; ,[JrRvd e‹>yf RS td.0f 'J .f o;p>fu&>˜ ydmrf .k uf
bgt*D > f ' D ; yunD w >f y >>f q > vD>fc>.fo; unDo;p>f o;p>fu&>cd.f (2)pH;0J “cDu&J; e‹>fb.fw>frRvd v>cDu&J;bsDng oh,o;'D; uuhRrRbsK;uhR ,
uG > f q l u bsH ; yR = (6)
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vg,ElRtg&HR/2011eH./ubsH;yR=5
oU0Dw0D y'dOrg&SOcdOeIzd cdOz; wIw'k;ohOngtD:'H;bO ok;odvOh vUtyOCkP'D;
yS:CdPzdwzO [Jw:k vUuDIqU
vg,El R tg&H R 31oD ˜ zg b.fw>frRoHtRD zJ 2008eH.˜f vg
egzD*hR (ch.ftJ;pH.f) zhR-bLRtg&HR 14oD 0HRtvD>fcH t vg,El R tg&H R 4oD ˜ “etzok; v>t[J
zJvg,ElRtg&HR 31oD˜ zdrk.fzdcGgwz.f v>trh>f pDRphphzg˜ egzD*hR (ch.ftJ;pH.f) xD.fcJtHR t0Joh.f tw>f&J.fw>f
unDw>fy>>fq>rk>feHR ySJRxD.f 62eH.f e>.fbSgbSgzg˜ e>.fZd.f,.fzg'D; p.f ok;odvh.fv> twD0J usJRtd.fv> uvJRwkRql 0DRvhRcH
e‹.f cDzsdw>fq>uwD>fwtd.fb.ft vd.fzgoh.fwz.f 'k;td.fxD.f0Je‹.f etzok;zd';D ySRCdmzf w d z.f p;xD.f vDR$ b.fq.f v>usJRe‹.f ok;cd.f
Cd w>fw'k;oh.fng'H; y'd.frg&S.f vDR$ cd.fz;tHRe‹.f [h.frRvRuyDR0J v>tylRuGHmf 2oDteHRvHRvHR [J uFD.foJ; tySRtd.ftCde‹.f uvJR
vgzg cd.fe>fzdcd.fz;b.ft*h>fe‹.f ySR '.f unDo;p>fv> t[h.fvDRo; xD.cf 0D 'J .f 0h>&f RrwH0RH 'D; vJRxD.0f J wbsDCDe.‹ f vJR0Jwe‹>fb.f$”t*h>f
'k;td.x f .D f zgzD.'f .h &f >S .f w*RpH;b.f zH;rRw>fv> ySRw0Dw>fu&>u&d ql 0DRvhR[D.fu0DRylRt*h>f urs>>f ok;cd.f'd.fzd pDRuFHRtD.f pH;0JvDR$
ch.ftJ;pH.fe‹.fvDR$ ylRoh.fwz.f weH.fwbsDe‹.fvDR$ zJttd.fv> 0h>f&RrwHwz.f pH;0J ySRCdmfzdv> t[Jy.f
pDRphphzg v>rh>fySR'k;td.f y'd.frg&S.f cd.fe>fzd cd.fz; '.fvDR$ Ckmf'D; ok;zdwz.fe‹.f rh>fySRv> t
xD.f zgzD.f'h&S>.fw*RpH;0J “teD>f tHRe‹.f w>f[h.ftDRv>ph trJ&uR urs>>fzdw*R pH0J'.f rRur.fw>f'D; b.fvDRCdmf zJz.f
uD>fuD>f cd.fz;tHRe‹.f zgzD.f'h&S>.f u 'D>v
f .f 2000'D; ySR'd;e‹>0f J cd.zf ;tHR “weHRtHR [gvDRcD 3e.f&H.f bsJ.f t.f(awmifuav;)Cdmf'D; rD.f
b.f';k oh.n f g'D; [h.rf RvRuyDRtDR tqduw>>fw*Re‹.f rh>f0J eD>fzDu bsJ.fe‹.f ,xH.fodvh.f 5cd.f v>t vrFJ.fCdmfwz.fvDR$ t0Joh.f b.f
zJunDw>fy>>fq>trk>feHRvDR$ cDzsd bs.fxl zJ2009eH.f˜ cH0Dw0De‹.f pDR wDCmf ok;zd'D; ySRCdmfzdwz.f vJR w>foltDRv>w>f0HqS> ok;w>f
v>uCkx>xD.f ySRv>t'd;e‹>f nd.f0h 'd;e‹>f0J zJ 2010eH.fe.‹ fvDR$ rh xD.C f RD ql 0DRvhRwyRvDR$ ySRCdmzf d tD.fw>ftD˜ pku0JRtyDRtvDwz.f
cd.fz;tHRe‹.f w>fq>uwD>fwtd.f Photo-KIC rh>fv> o>0Dw0D bsD0JtHRe‹.f b.f wz.fe‹.f ulod;Cmf0J Cdmfw>ful trJmfng w>fvd.frh>ftd.fxD.fv>
b.ftCd b.fok;Cmfw>fq>u y'd . f r g&S . f v gzg w>fqS>vDREkmf0J o;p>fvH>G f*R vH'D; w>fuR t&GJ>fvkmf(tjyma&mif) w>frJmfng w>fub.frRysDrh.fyd>ft
wD>f wpJ;zd˜ yq>wJmfuhR yu'k; ySRv>t'd;e‹>fcd.fz;wcDe‹.f w>fu wz.f';D rhr>h o f ;k wz.fc'D k ySRJ 'D; w>f vD>f w>fot l RD t0Jo.h f oh0'J .ft*h>f
oh.fnguhRtDRzJ unD'Duvkmfw>f tHRe‹.f b.fw>fp;xD.f[h.ftDRzJ rh>f0Jo>0Dw0De.‹ fvDR$ 'k;oh.fngtDRzJ (8)0Dw0D unD'D pku0JRwz.fvDR$” DKBA ok;wyR pH;0J'.fvDR$
ul.fvdmf w>.fyD.foud;trl;vDR” 2009eH.f˜ vg,ElRtg&HR 31oD˜ zgzD.f'h&S>.ftHRe‹.f unD uvkmf w>ful.fvdmfw>.fyD.foud; 'fe‹.ftod; zJr[grk>f DKBA ok;uh (5)˜
t*h>f pH;0Je‹.fvDR$ unDw>fy>>fq>rk>ef RH ySRJ xD.f 60eH.f 'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&> (ch.ftJ.f,l.f) trl;ylRt*h>fe.‹ f oh.fngb.fe.‹ fvDR$ [gvDRtuwD>fe‹.f odvh.f 3cd.f usd.fxlbD'k; 'k;,Rcd.f G2 ok;cd.f
y'd.frg&S.fcd.fe>fzd cd.fz; weH.f'D; v>weH.fngtHRt*D>fe‹.f eJ.f&J.G fcd.fus>>fvD>fvHR y'd.frg&S.fvg Ô v>twD0J ok;zd'D; ySRCdmfzdwz.f 'd.fzd pDRqgtD.f pH;0J “'fyoh.fng
vJRxD.0f J ql0>h &f RrwH uvHRpd;w b.ftod;e‹.f ySRCdmfzd v>t[Jy.f
yR 0DRvhR[D.fu0DRylRt*h>f urs>>f Ckmw f z.f utd.v f > 150*R˜ 200
0D:vh:[DOu0D:yl:wI'k; etzwy: oHtgvU zdoOok; v>txH.fxGJw>fwz.f pH;0J'.f
vDR$
*RC.fC.fvDR$ w>fr>tDR t0Joh.f
v> 0He>‹ fok;w>ftD.fw>ftD˜ pku0JR
vg,El R tg&H R 11oD ˜ tg&HR 11oDteHRe‹.f [JwkR0Jv> tDRudRvhpH;0J'.f v>
b.f'D; ,o;uwHmfxD.ftCd , ok;v>t[JxD.fwz.f wz.f ' D ; tvD > f r h > f t d . f w>f r >
pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ;pH.f) unD'Duvkmfw>fxl.fzsJ;ok;rk>f'd.f w>f';k tylR ok;zdweDRe‹.f b.f'o d 0H J
pH.fzsd;xD.f0JvDR$ v>ok;&h.fylR ySReD>f rh>f0J'.f y>qS>&J.fusJRok; 0JRvD>fcd.f tDRv> ub.fvJRql w>frJmfng 'f
etz'D; unDok;w (ch.t
f .J t
f v
J t
f .h )f ttd.v
f RD $ zJvg wbsDCDtd.f0Jb.fq.f v>tb.f'd
xJod;,R td.fv>t*R 20bsJ.f oh.f eD.*f >H (f 12) tpk'.k pf w k RD ok;w ySRrR&SJrh.fyd>ftod;oh0JvDR$”
z.ftb>.fp>R w>fb.fo*>>f w>f'k; ,ElRtg&HRxD.foDtuwD>f etz wpH;wuh>fwz.fe‹.f w>fuulpg
ngvDR$ tg'.fwuh>f tJ.f'd;pH.fzsd; z.f';D ok;*H>b f g utd.0f t J *R 500 etzok;v> t[JxD.f
uJx.D zf J unDu>D pf .J f uD;w&H;uD>f 'D; unDok;wz.fb>.fp>R w>f'k; ,gbsgtDRt*D>f uoH.fuoDw vDR”t*h>fpH;0Je‹.fvDR$ C.fC.f˜ zJe‹>ftusg y.fCkmf0J'D; cJtHR rh>f0J puc(12) tbFL.f[.f
q.f 0DRvhR[D.u f 0DRylRe‹.f v>etz tylR t0JvRJ cDzsdb.f teD>u f p>f'.f v>wySRJ b.fp>h u f ;D b.fe.‹ v etzok;v> tEkmfvDR
f RD $ t0J ok;cd;uD>fq>t*R 50C.fC.ft 2bh.fe.‹ f ok;&h.fy.fCkmf0J (5)bh.f'D;
wyR oH'D;b.f'dtusg tg'.fw 0JtCd uhRymfzsgxD.fuhR0J'fe‹.ft oh.f ok;&h.t [l;*JR0J'.f zJ0DRvhR[D.fu0DRylRw
f ylR cDzsdv> w>ft.D t f *h>ef .‹ f KNU ok;&h.f (201) ok;&h.f bFL.f[.f eD.f*H>f(2)cd.fe‹.f rh>f0J ok;
uh>f zdo.fok;wz.ft*h>fe‹.f etz od;e‹.fvDR$ z.ftok;pcg 0;0;w&H;e‹.f cDzsdv>
w>f*h>fuD td.fxD.foyS>fuw>>ft cd.(f 2) ok;cd.'f .d zf d pDRuFRH tD.f v>t cd.f'd.fpd uFHRvhRt*h>fe‹.f DKBA
ok;zdo.fv> tCh>fzsd;xD.f v>ch.f t0Jp;H 0J “yok;usRd b.f unD'Duvkmfw>f xl.fzsJ;ok;rk>f'd.f
Cd t0JpH.fzsd;xD.f0J'.fv> ch.ftJ.f [l;*JR zJ0DRvhR[D.fu0DRylR pH;0J'.f ok;wyR pH;0J'.fvDR$
tJ.f,l.fttd.fw*R ymfzsgxD.f0Je.‹ f w>fc;tDRvHe‹.f oHqdv>zdo.f ,l.fttd.f'D; v>tok;&h.ftylRe‹.f
(KNLA)˜ unDbl;';ok;rk>f'd.f vDR$ Ô
vDR$ ok;'fo;d ySRoh.w
f z.ftRH vDR$ wbsD ok;zdo;eH.fxJod;tDR td.fv>t
(DKBA)˜ uD>fy,DR'Dwbh.f uFd
tD R ud R vh ( atmif u d k yok;usdR b.fw>fxk;tDRv> rh.fyd>f *R 20bsJ.fnge‹.fvDR$ zdok;rk>f'd.f (ABSDF) ok;wz.f
vif;) 17eH.f v>trh>f etzok;
(puc) 8tzDvmfok;&h.f (cr&)
xk;tCde.‹ f yySRt*R 20bsJ.f b.f
0J'.fwbsDCDvDR$ pkwlmf˜ cD.fwlmf˜
“ypcgylR w>ftD.fv>mf
u0DRCmf0J'D; uG>fq>.frJmfb.f w>f
vHb.fq.f w>fw[JqS>e‹>fySRb.f˜
tD.fw>ftD tw>fuDw>fcJtzDcd.f
rhOydIxk;tCd bO'd 9*:
409 ok;&h.fv>ttd.f qDvDRt b.fxdb.fxH;td.f0Jtod; weDRe‹.f ok;zdv> pcgylRwz.femfuh rRegpd;
e‹.f etzok;wz.f Ch>fzsd;xD.f td.f vg,El R tg&H R 14oD ˜ '.f bH.fuFH.ftJ;zfodvh.fvDR$ zJe‹.f
o; zJ0RD vhR (AsL[muke;f ) tySRzd wJmfuHGmfcHukmf˜ o>ukRtd.f0J'.f w>fvDR$ EkmfvDRv> o0DylR [;[H
0J'.f wvD>fvD>fe‹.fvDR$ pDRohrFH; (ch.ftJ;pH.f) bH.fuFH.ftJ;zftySR b.f'd 6*R˜ u
o.fok;w*R zJvg,ElRtg&HR 7oD vDR$ vDRqD'.fw>f zdo.fok;oh.fw e‹>q
f .l f ySRo0Dzd w>ft.D w
f >ftRD vDR$Ô weHRngtHR *DRcDtq> rs>>f 3*R b.f'0d 'J .fvRD $ oH'w k td.f
*DRcD 4e.f&.H t
f q>uwD>ef .‹ f Ch>zf sd; z.fvDR$ ,Jph>fuD;b.f'dwqJ;zd tCde‹.f ok;&h.fv> t[;rRegpd; uwD>fe.‹ f rh.fyd>fxk;yd>fxD.f wzs>.fzJ eDw*Rb.fvDR$ ySRqgoh.fwz.fe.‹ f
xD.f v>tok;pcg'D; zJvg,ElR vDR$” w>f'fe.‹ ftylR ,wtJ.f'd; td.fv>R uD;w&H;'D; &RrwHodvh.fusJ (wH b.fw>fq>S xD.t f RD ql rF.0f wH.f w>f
wm;usdK;)w>fvD>ftCd bH.fuFH.f qg[H.fz;'d.fvH”t*h>f pH;0Je.‹ fvDR$
tJ;zftySR 6*R urs>>f 3*R b.f'd0J w>fyd>fxD.fbsD0JtHRe‹.f
'.ft*h>fe‹.f oh.fngb.fe‹.fvDR$ rh>0f 'J .f 'H.cf .h bf .H t f .h f ok;uh 5tySR
zJweHRngtHR *DRcD t pDRys.d wf cD .d &f .d rf t
J ySRwz.f vJRxk;0J
ubsH;yR = (5) tw>fydmfxGJ wz.f w>fu'k;vd.fxD.fz;xD.ftDR 0J.ftd.f)e‹.f w>fol.fxD.fqDvDRtDR e.f&H.f 10e‹.f zJ(wHwm;usKd;) w rh.fyd>fxk; 2cHzs>.f'D; v>etzok;
&>˜ yo;p>foh.fwz.fcD'ke‹.f yu zsJ.fxD.fe‹>f tJ.fuvkmfo;p>fwz.f 'fod;unDo;p>fwz.f tw>ftd.f v>uD>f&h.f (7)bh.f v>trh>f 'lo v> etz cD.fchsok;&h.f 358ok;p &h.f 356wyRph>fuD; uhRc;u'g
b.f*kmfusJ;p>;[H;e‹>f w>fvD>ft0J v>uvkmf'H.frd.fjch.fpH.f w>fy>>fq> rl u*kRxD.fyoDxD.ft*D>f˜ (4) xl.˜f wDt˜l cs>.fv>GH x f .l ˜f bsH;'0J>˜f cgC>Re‹.f 'H.fch.fbH.fth.ftySRwz.f uhR0Jusdz;'d.f z;,Hmfngt*h>fe‹.f
e‹.f 'fod;yurRp>RuhR yySRuvkmf t*D>f˜ 'k;td.fxD.fo;p>fcd.fe>foDv> unDo;p>fwz.f uohuwDRy>R rkmf}wDR˜ 'lysmf,mf˜ z.ft.f'D; uD>f vJRxk;0J'.f bH.fuFH.ftJ;zfodvh.f 'H.cf .h bf .H t
f .h o f ;k uh (5) usd.x f b l D
w>fy>>fq>ue‹>f˜ uoh˜ zsdzsdzsg w>fy>>fq>t*D>f˜ (2)u[h.fw>f Cmf'D; Ckoh.fng tySRuvkmfw>f q.f 18bh.'f ;D b.fub D .fcJ 'Ju0DR 'D;rh.fyd>fxk;wzs>.f c;Ckmf'D; usdzd˜ 'k;,R ok;cd.fzd pDRqgtDRpH;0Je‹.f
zsg˜ vdRvdRbs>bs>t*D>ft0Je.‹ f rh>f oh.fngb.fC;eD>fcd˜ eD>fo;'D; w>f qJ;w>fvRt*D>f˜ (5)w>f'k;vd.f (8)bh.f v>trh>f rJ>fv;tl˜ rJ>f&R usdz;'d.ftCd bH.fuFH.ftJ;zftySR vDR$
,w>fuwdRv>cHvDR$” ouJ;y0; 'fod;unDo;p>fwz.f xD.fz;xD.f ch.ftJ.f,l.f u&>rd>fyS>f rd>˜f rJ>v f ;˜ tly.F ˜f ed.zf ˜d bg'd.,f g˜ 6*R urs>>f 3*R b.f'd0J'.ft*h>fe.‹ f zJw>fyd>fxD.f w>fvD>fe‹.f
unDop>fu&>tHRe‹.f tw>ftd.frluvJRxD.fvJRxDt*D>f˜ tw>feJ.fusJ˜ oEl˜ w>frRw>f&J.f tHwl>fx.f'D; xgr[h.foh.fwz.f ySRv> tvJRxH.fb.fw*RpH;0Je‹.f zJtylRuHmG f vg,ElRtg&HR EGHoDt
w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.fzJ 1989 (3)w>ftd.fql.ftd.fchs˜ w>ful.fb.f w>fusJRwz.ftzDc.d f urRp>R0Jv> e‹.fvDR$ 'f(4)bsDwbsD cDu&J; ymf vDR$ eHR rk>C f >h v
f RD e‹.f rh.yf >d x f ;k yd>x
f .D 'f ef .‹ f
eH.zf J rRe>Rysw
D >fv>D f (ch.t
f .J ,
f .l f 0JR ul.foh˜ w>f}wDq>uoH.frlRbSD;˜ w>fol.fql.fo;*JRylRt*D>foh.fwz.f *>Rymfus>R rReD.frRCg0Jtod;e‹.f “w>f u J x D . f e ‹ . f zJ t h tod;wzs>.ftCd urs>>f 8*R
vD>fcd.foh.fvD>fvHR)e‹.fvDR$ tw>f w>fuwDRuG>fxJGe‹q>.fcd.fC>R'D; e‹.fvDR$ uwD > f t H R u&>zd e D . f * H > f t d . f 0 J &S>.fusJrk>ftcd.fxd; up>>fcD.fxH; b.f'd0Je‹.fvDR$ Ô
ynd.ftd.f0J'.f (5)xH.f (1)utd.f ySRw0>w>f*kRxD.fyoDxD.f w>frR unDo;p>fu&> (ch.f (43˜154)*Re‹.fvDR$ bl;'D; cD.fchsok;&h.f 356vDR$ xk;0J
Ô
unDw>upD.w>y&X/vg,ElRtg&HR/2011eH./ubsH;yR=6
rJaqmufòrŒd UN ±k;H a&SŒwGif vma&mufqENjyonfh DKBA axmifom;rsm; yg0ifonfh
tzGŒJ 0ifwOD; zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f cH& ppfum;rsm;
Zefe0g&Dv 4&uf? onf[k od&onf? e,fpyfbufa&mufvm
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) tqdkyg apmoHr%du
xdik ;f Edik if H rJaqmufòrdŒ&Sd 2010a&G;aumufyGJtm; vufrcH Zefe0g&Dv 4&uf? etz ppfwyfESihftwl
ukvor*~ (UN)±k;H a&SŒY ,ae@r Edkifa=umif; 2010a&G;aumufyGJ eef;azmha* (autdik pf )D ygvmonfh tusOf;om;rsm;rSm
eufwiG f qdik u f ,ftiSm;orm;w onf jrefrmjynf'rD u kd a&pD toGif axmif t usOf ; om; zm;tH(awmifuav;)ESihf armfv
OD;udk "m;pmcHvkyf+yD; vufypfAHk; ul;ajymif;Edkifrnf r[kwfa=umif; rsm;ESifh etz ppfom;rsm;tjynfh òrdiaf xmifrsm;rS &mZ0wfom;rsm;
udkifaqmifum vma&mufqENjy ESifh UNtaejzihf jrefrmEdik if H 'Dru kd wifaqmifvmonfh ppfum;rsm; jzpf+yD; ‚if;wdk@udk wyf&duQmESihf
onfh 'DaubDat wyfzŒJG 0ifwOD; a&pD toGiful;ajymif;vJay;&ef jr0wDòrdŒudk jzwf0ifvm+yD; a0: vufeufcJ,rf;rsm; o,faqmif
tm; xdkif;tm%mykdifrsm;u zrf; ponfhtcsufrsm; tygt0if t ava'obufodk@ armif;ESifxGuf &eftjyif vdt k yfygu a&SŒwef;wGif
qD;xdef;odrf;vdkufonf? csuf 4csujf zihf UN±k;H od@k awmif;qdk Photo-KKM oGm;aeonfrSm ESpf&uf&Sd+yDjzpf rdkif;&Sif;ud&d,mtjzpf toHk;csEdkif
,ae@reuf 8em&D t cJhonf? a=umif; òrdŒcHrsm;u ajymqdkae=u a=umif; 'DaubDatbufrS ajym
armfawmfqkdifu,ftiSm;orm;eJ@ apmoHr%d
csed w
f iG f wd;k wufaom Ak'b < mom odk@aomf apmoHr%d. onf? onf?
u&iftrsK;d om;wyfrawmf (999) awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk rJaqmuf ,if;odk@ oabmwlnD a=umif; od&onf? òrdŒcHwpfO;D u “'Dae@reG f 'DaubDat wyfr[m
wyfr[m wyf&if;(4)rS apmoHr UN ±kH;wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u vufcH csu&f &S+d yD;aemuf apmoHr%dtm; apmoHr%donf 'Dau vGJ 3em&Dausmaf vmufrmS ppfom; (5)rS uvdk@xl;abm tajcpdkuf
%d 36ESpo f nf jrefrmjynf 'Dru dk aqG;aEG;jcif;r&Sb d J rJaqmufòrdŒydik f w&m;r0if vufeufudkifaqmifr_ bD a t wyf z G J Œ 0if w OD ; r[k w f eJ@ axmifom;awGygwhJ ppfum; 5 ppfqifa&;rSL; G2 Adv k rf LS ;apmqef;
a&pD&&Sda&;twGuf UNtaejzihf Ekid u
f w
D q
D wfwrkd q kd wfrS 1em&Dcef@ wckjziho
f m ta&;,lomG ;rnfjzpf a=umif; vuf&SdtcsdefwGif wyfr pD; a0:avbufukd xGuo f mG ;wm atmif u “usaemf w d k @ od o
toGiu f ;l ajymif;ay;&ef &nf&, G I f oGm;a&mufaphpyf ndE‡ id_ ;f aqG;aEG;cJh a=umif; òrdŒydik u
f rJaqmufòrdŒ&Sd a' [m (999)onf etz ppftpd;k & awGŒvdu k &f w,f? axmifom;awG avmufu tusOf;om;awG[m
jrefrmjynfbufjcrf; jr0wDrSw &mwGif ‚if;tm; jrefrmjynfo@kd jyef ocHowif;axmufrsm;udk ajym . e,fjcm;apmihfwyfudk ajymif; uvnf; axmif0wfpHktjymawG zm;tH/ armifvòrdifaxmifawGu
qihf vma&mufqENjy&m tajct rydk@&efESihf 'DaubDatwyfzGJŒ0if =um;cJhonf? rJaqmuf&Jrsm;u oGm;cJo
h nfh etz vufuikd w f wk f 0wfxm;w,fav? ppfom;awG &mZ0wfom;awGyJ? tusOf;om;
aer[efI armfawmfqdkifu,ft rsm;xHodk@ v$Jajymif;jcif;rðy&ef apmoHr%dxrH S 'DaubDat oif wyfwckjzpfa=umif; 'DaubDat uawmh vufeufudk,fpDeJ@aygh” OD;a&u 150-200avmuf&SdEdkif
iSm;armif;orm;udk "m;pm;cHðyvkyf awmif;qdck suu f kd òrdŒydik u
f oabm wef;qif;vufrSwf &SmazGawGŒ&SdcJh wyfr[m (5)rS G2AdkvfrSL;apm [k autdik pf u D kd ajymonf? w,f? olw@kd ukd wyf&u d mQ o,fz@kd
+yD; vufypfA;kH peufwu H vpfrsm; wlnDcJhonfhtwGuf apmoHr%d +yD; vuf&t dS csed w
f iG f rJaqmufòrdŒ qef;atmifu wkef@jyefajymqdkcJh tvm;wl ,ref a e@ vufeufo,fz@kd e@J vdt k yf&if ao
udk ðzwfI awmif;qdq k ENjyjcif;jzpf u vufeufcsvu kd jf cif;jzpfonf? &Jpcef;wGif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm; onf? Ô rGe;f vGyJ ikd ;f uvnf; ppfom;ESifh t ewfuikd cf ikd ;f +yD; rdik ;f &Si;f wJo h abmeJ@
usO;f xmifom;rsm; wifaqmifvm ppf w yf t a&S Πu oG m ;cd k i f ; Ed k i f

etzppfwyf &dumQ tcuftcJa=umihf vlxq


k efukd onf h ppf u m; 3pD ; jr0wD ò rd Œ
awmifbufjcrf;&Sd a0:av*Gib f uf
w,f”[k qdo k nf?
tusOf;om;rsm; wif

awmif;pm;ae& odk@ armif;ESifoGm;a=umif; udk,f


wdkifjrifawGŒolrsm;u ajymonf?
aqmifvmonfh etzwyfrsm;rSm
puc(12)AsL[mESpfckjzpf+yD; AsL
,if;od@k wufvmonfh [mwckwiG f wyf&if; 3&if; owf
Zefe0g&Dv 3&uf? =uw,f”[k ajymonf? wyfrsm;onf xdkuJhodk@ &duQmt a0:av/ ueJav;/ csL;uvD;/ arm etz wyfrsm;rSm ppfuyG u f aJ &;Xm rSwx f m;aomfvnf; ,ckwufvm
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) etzppf w yf r sm;. cuftcJjy\ema=umihf &yfuGuf cD;ESifh ±_;d usK;d ponfah e&mrsm;wGif ecsKyf (12)vufatmufcH wyfrsm; onfh AsL[mESpfckwGif wyf&if; 5
u&if j ynf e ,f =um t"du &dumQ o,faqmifonfh w tm%mydik rf sm;ESifh yl;aygi;f I bk&m; tajccsvy_ &f mS ;aeonfh etz ppf jzpf+yD; tiftm; 500cef@&adS =umif; &if;om yga=umif;ESifh AsL[m (2)
tif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒe,fEiS fh jr0wDc±dik f rdacsmif;/ =umtif;qdy}f uD;rS bk&m; oH;k ql&dS uGuv f yf+cHcif;rsm;udk ajr wyfrsm;vnf; ‚if;wd@k &u d mQ o,f ESifh xdt k xJwiG f e,fjcm;apmihw f yf rSL;rSm AdkvfrSL;}uD; =unfvifjzpf
wGif v_yf&Sm;aeaom etzwyf oHk;ql/ oHjzLZ&yfrS bk&m;oHk;ql uGucf sum a&mif;csaea=umif; t aqmifvmonfh vrf;a=umif;rsm; zGJŒ0if 50cef@ yg0ifa=umif;vnf; onf[k 'DaubDatbufu ajym
rsm;onf Photo-KIC
‚if;wd@k . wyf&u d mQ t vrf;a=umif;rsm;udk autJef,l rnfrazmfvo kd nfh tjcm;bk&m;oH;k wGif 'DaubDat/ autJet f ,fvf a0:ava'owGif v_y&f mS ;aeonfh onf?
cuftcJ&SdvmonfhtwGuf vuf wyfr[m (6)ESifh etzwd@k u Ed0k if qlòrdŒcHwOD;u ajymonf? atES i f h jref r mEd k i f i H v H k ; qd k i f & m autJe, f l wyf&if; (201) 'kAv kd f a0:ava'o ueJav;
d csed w
&St f iG f a'ocHvrl sm;xHrS qef bmvv,fydkif;rSpI ,ae@txd ‚if ; u “eA[(1)rS L ; ausmif;om;wyfrawmf ABSDF rS L ; Ad k v f r S L ;apm=unf a tmif u &Sd e,fajrcH etzwyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;
awmif;,lpm;aomufae&onfh ydwfyifxm;onfhtwGuf ,ckvdk AdkvfrSL;}uD; odefaZmfu &,u/ wdk@. apmihfóudwdkufcdkufr_a=umihf ajymonf? onf &dumQ jywfvyfum wyfpcef;
tajctaetxd a&muf&adS e+yD[k etzbuf u &d u Q m tcuf t cJ r&,uwd@k e@J aygi;f +yD;awmh bk&m; &dumQ tcuftcJ&v dS mum a'ocH “tck w uf v mwmu tjyif xG u f r &J o vd k jyef v nf
pHkprf;od&Sd&onf? jzpfvm&jcif;jzpfa=umif; u&ift oHk;qlrSm&SdwJh uGufvyf+cHcif;awG vlxrk sm;xHrS qefawmif;,l pm; puc(12)vufatmufcH wyfawG qkwcf mG &ef vnf; cufcaJ ea=umif;
u&if j ynf e ,f =um rsKd ; om;vG w f a jrmuf a &;wyf z G J Πudk ay 60/ 70 ajruGucf s+yD;awmh aomufae&ovdk awmif,mcif;&Sd yJ? tJ't D xJrmS e,fjcm;apmihw f yf od&onf?
tif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒe,fcJG bk&m;oH;k ql KNLA wyf&if;(16) wyfc(JG 2)rS usyf 6axmif/ 7axmiftxd jyef &Gmom;rsm; odkavSmifxm;aom tif t m; 50avmuf y gw,f v d k @ xdk@tjyif etz puc
*Giwf iG f v_y&f mS ;aeaom etzppf wyf c G J r S L ; Ad k v f } uD ; apmbl @ a*u a&mif;w,f? ppfwyf&efyHkaiGvdk@ pyg;rsm;udk ydkif&SifcGihfðycsufr&SdbJ =um;w,f? =unf&h wm a0:avu (19)vufatmufcH wyf&if;rsm;
wyfrsm;jzpf=uonfh puc(12) ajymonf? ajym=uwmyJ”[k ajymonf? pm;oHk;aea=umif; a'ocHrsm;u ae a0:avcD;txd wufvmzdk@&Sd onf =umtif;qdy}f uD;òrdŒe,f/ csK;
vuf a tmuf c H cv&(283)ES i h f xd@k tjyif tqdyk g etz tvm;wl jr0wDc±dkif ajymonf? w,f? 'gayrJh vrf;rSm Adv k af usmf uvD;a'obufodk@ e,fajr&Sif;
puc(8)vuf a tmuf c H ( 405)/ ppfab;a=umifh xGufajy;ae&onfh a0:ava'ocH tcsdKŒ oufwdk@tzGJŒu &Sdaeawmh csuf vif;a&;twGuf oGm;a&muf&ef
(402)/ (406)wyf&if;rsm;onf csif;ra&mufvmEdkifao;bl;”[k jyifqifv#uf&Sda=umif; e,fajrcH
&duQmtcuftcJ&Sdvmonfhtay: Adv
k rf LS ;apm=unfatmifu cef@reS ;f autJ e f , l w yf r sm;u ajymqd k
,ck Zefe0g&Dv 1&ufae@u &yf ajymqdkonf? onf? Ô
uGuv f }l uD;rsm;rSwqihf bk&m;oH;k
qlòrdŒcHrsm;xHrS qef&u d mQ twif;
t"rRawmif;pm;cJhonf[k bk&m;
oH;k qlòrdŒcHwOD;u ajymonf? xdk@tjyif etz wyfr 2010ckESpf Edk0ifbmv
‚if;u “w&yfuGufudk (44)rS AsL[mwpfwyf&if;onf 8&ufae@u pwifco hJ nfh etzESifh
qefwif; 40 owfrw S x f m;w,f? a0:ava'oudk xdk;azmufEdkif&ef 'DaubDatwd@k . ypfcwfra_ emuf
&yfuu G uf 4&yfuu G qf akd wmh wif; twG u f ,ref a e@u zm;tH / ydkif; +yD;cJhonfhtywfu ESpfzuf
160 ay;&wmayhgaemf? &yfuu G v
f l awmifuav;ESifh armfvòrid &f dS &mZ wdu k yf t
JG &Sed f avsmeh nf;vmcJah omf
}uD ; awG u awmh tck q d k vd k u f 0wf tusO;f om;ajrmufrsm;pGmESifh vnf; ,ckESpfqef;ydkif;wGif etz
awmif;aewkef;yJ? wcsKdŒ&yfuGuf twl zvl;av;aus;&Gm&Sd ,cif bufrS vltiftm;/ vufeuftif
awGuawmh }uHzef+yD; ay;+yD;=u+yD? wyfzGJŒrsm;wnf&Sd&modk@ wyftif tm;rsm; wdk;csJŒvmaoma=umihf
ray;Edik &f ifawmifrS tenf;qH;k 3 tm; xyfjznfhvmonf[k 'Dau wdkufyGJxyfrH jyif;xefEdkifa=umif;
jynfavmuf xnfh&ao;w,f? bDatwyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;. ajymjycsuf e,fpyfppfa&;tajctae apmihf
òrdŒawGu r&SdwJht=um;u ay;& t& od&onf? =unfholrsm;u cef@rSef;aeonf?
wJhtcgusawmh awmfawmf+iD;jiL Photo-KIC
u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 9
uefue
G * f &uftrwfudk ypfwhJ aoewform; 'korRwavmif;awG
w&m;pG+J yD emrnfxu
G v
f m
(bDbpD )D =um;cJhygw,f? euf Ms Giffords wOD;wnf; pk;d w,fqkdwmukd jyowmvJ jzpfyg azazmf0g&Dv 1&uf? (bDbDpD) a&;ygwDu a'gufwmpkdif;armuf
+yD;cJhwJh paeae@u t '%f&mtajctaet & &drfp&m tajctae&SdaeqJ jzpfyg w,f? jrefrmEkid if rH mS ESpaf ygi;f crf;/ RNDP &ckid w
f idk ;f &if;om;rsm;
ar&duef jynfaxmifpk Arizona ay;xm;wJh arhaq;awGukd tck w,f? uGef*&uf v$wfawmf 20ausmftwGif; yxrqkH;usif; wk d ; wuf a &;ygwD u a'guf w m
jynfe,f TusconòrdŒrSm aoewf &yfvkduf+yDjzpfvkd@ owdjyefvnf aq;±kHa&SŒrSm aoqkH; trwf[m rJqEN&iS af wGe@J awGŒqkH
eJ@ typfccH &hJ wJh trsK;d orD; uGe*f vm+yDvkd@ q&m0efawGu ajymyg '%f&m&olawGtwGuf yef;awG aepOfrmS trsK;d om;wOD;u vltyk f
&ufvw $ af wmf trwf Gabrielle w,f? o0%fv$mawG qkawmif;pmawG xJudk aoewfe@J 0ifa&mufypfcwf
Giffords&JŒ tajctae[m ol& OD;aESmuf[m tcsdefr eJ@ za,mif;wkdifrD;awG xGef;nd‡r_ h @dk Ms Giffordsacgi;f ukd xdreS f
cJv
xm;wJ h '%f & mtaetxm;eJ @ a&G; a,mif,rf;vm&if tajct awG wajz;ajz; ykdrsm;vmaeyg cJh+yD; touf 9ESpft&G,f rdef;
=unf&h if tm;&p&maumif;ayr,fh aeqk d ; vmEk d i f y gao;w,f / t w,f? uav;wOD; tygt0if vl 6OD;
pk;d &drpf &m&Sad eqJbv J @dk ukay;aewJh aumif;jrifayr,fh owduawmh 'g[m '%f&m&olawG aoqkH;cJh&ygw,f?
q&m0ef w a,muf u ajymyg xm;&tkH;rSmygvkd@ q&m0efawGu jyefvnf use;f rmvmapzk@d qENðy ypfcwfcohJ l aoewfo
w,f? ajymygw,f? =uwmjzpfovkd +idrf;csrf;pGm EkdifiH rm;[m touf 22ES p f t &G , f
aoewf usnq f ef[m &[wf,mOfeJ@ aq;±kH a&; pka0;awGŒqkrH w
_ ckudk t=urf; Jared Loughner qkdoljzpf+yD;
OD;aESmufudk jzwfomG ;w,fqw dk m ukd a&mufvmwJh aoewfeJ@ypf zuf wkdufckdufcJhwJhtay: vlxk tckawmh vky}f uH&ef óud;yrf;r_/ vl
q&m0ef a wG u twnf ð yajym cwfra_ =umifh '%f&m&ol 11OD;t b,favmufxdwfvef@ tH=o& owfr_ tygt0if pGcJ suf 5cke@J w
uGe*f &uf v$waf wmftrwf Gabrielle Giffords &m;pGJvkdufyg+yD?
'D a oewf o rm;[m jynfol@v$wfawmfrSm 'korRwavmif;tjzpf vsmxm;cH&ol OD;odef;pdef
Ms Giffordsukd ypfrSwfxm;cJh
w,fqw dk m &JawGu tcktwnf ywJh v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;awG at;armif w k d @ vnf ; 'k w d ,
ðyygw,f? &JŒ 'kwd,ajrmufae@rSm 'kwd, orR w awG t jzpf tqk d ð ycH & yg
avmavmq,f vawG orRwavmif; ig;a,muf&JΠem w,f?
twGi;f txl;ojzifv h dk orRw tkd rnfudk tqkw d ifoiG ;f cJ=h uygw,f? ppfwyf ukd,fpm;vS,f
bm;rm;&J Πusef ; rma&; apmif h trsKd;om; v$wfawmf awGbufu AkdvfcsKyf}uD;a[mif;
a&S m uf r _ q k d i f & m Oya'=urf ; uk d u ESpfOD;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfu oD [ ol & wif a tmif j rif h O D ; uk d
axmufcw H hJ tar&duef Ekid if aH &; ESpfOD;eJ@ jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf 'k w d , orR w tjzpf tqk d w if
orm; tawmfrsm;rsm;ukd +cdrf; wGif; wyfrawmfom; ukd,fpm; oGif;cJh=uw,fvkd@ od&ayrJh t*F g
ajcmufr_awG &SdaecJhygw,f? vS,af wGbufu wpfO;D jzpf=uyg nu xk w f j yef w J h ppf t pk d ; &&J Œ
tck ypfcwfru _ dk tqifh w,f? owif;awGxJrSm xnfhoGif;a=u
jrifh pkpH rf;ppfaq;r_awG vkyaf e+yD; tJ'DolawGxJrSm jynf jimcJhjcif;r&Sdvkd@ twnfðyEkdifjcif;
FBI t}uD;tuJukd,fwkdif acgif; ol@vw $ af wmf a&G;aumufcH uk, d f awmh r&Sad o;ygb;l ?
aqmifum tckvkd a&G;aumufcH pm;vS,frsm;xJu AkdvfcsKyf}uD; OD ; od e f ; pd e f e J @ OD ; apm
Ek d i f i H a &;orm;wOD ; uk d vk y f } uH a[mif; 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;odef;pdefeJ@ odef;atmifwdk@ukd a&G;aumufcH
owfjzwfzkd@ óud;pm;wmukd azmf u&ifjynfe,f zvkHpa0: ygwDu jynfol@v$wfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f
xkwfEkdifa&; óud;yrf;aeygw,f? OD;apmode;f atmifw@dk udk tqkðd ycH& awGu tqkw d ifc=hJ u+yD; a'guw f m
ygw,f? at;armife@J a'guw f m pkid ;f armuf
trsKd ; om;v$ w f a wmf crf; ac: armiftkef;wkd@ukd ta&G;

bDbp
D D urBmwv$m; tpDtpOfawG av#mhrnf a&G;aumufcH uk, d pf m;vS,af wGxJ
rSm &Sr;f jynfe,f }uHch idk af &;eJ@ zGŒH òzd;
cs,fcH trsKd;om;v$wfawmf t
rwfawGu tqkw d ifc=hJ uygw,f?

(bDbpD )D yg0ifygw,f? w,f? 'gayrJh b,fvkdykHpHeJ@ t a&;}uD;wmrk@d OD;pm;ay;cH&wJh Xme


bDbpD D urBmwv$m; t BBC World Service ok H ; p&d w f a vsmh c sEk d i f r ,f q k d w m awGxrJ mS jrefrmXme yg0ifw,fv@dk
pDtpDOf BBC World Serviceu urB m wv$ m ; tpD t pOf t aeeJ @ awmh aqG;aEG;ae=uqJjzpfygw,f? BBC World Service t}uD;t jzwf a wmuf & jcif ; t jcm;a&;Xmeu axmufyahH iGe@J &yf
0efxrf;ae&m 2˜400ausmt f euf aps;uGuf&JŒ vkdtyfcsuftwkdif; jref r mvl x k t wG u f uJ yDwma[ma&mhcfpfu ajymyg a=umif;t&if; wnfae&wJh BBC World Serv-
650ukd vmr,fh ok;H ESpt f wGi;f &yf tGevf idk ;f eJ@ rkb
d idk ;f zke;f uae rD', D m bDbpD D jrefrmykid ;f tpDtpOfu t w,f? +Adwdef tpkd;&&JΠEkdifiH ice&JΠtok;H p&dw[ f m wpfEpS u f dk
em;awmhr,fv@dk xkwjf yefa=ujim 0efaqmifr_awGay;+yD; y&dwfowf aygif 272oef;&Sdygw,f? 'gayrJh
vkdufygw,f? wkd;vmatmif t"duxm;aqmif XmewcsKdŒ ydwfypfvkdufwJhtay: rauseyfolwcsKdŒu bDbDpDurBmwv$m; tpDtpOf±kH;a&SŒrSm qENjyae=upOf +Adwod #tpk;d &&JŒ tok;H p&dwf jzwf
vmr,fh 15vtwGif; &Gufzkd@ vkdw,fvkd@ +AdwdefEkdifiHjcm; awmufr_ tpDtpOfatmufrSm
rS m awmh tvk y f a e&m 480uk d a&;0ef}uD; William Hagueu bDbDpD urBmwv$m;tpDtpOfu
ðzwfypfrmS jzpf+yD; usew f o hJ al wGudk ajymygw,f? vnf; 16&mckid Ef e_ ;f jzwfawmufcH
awmh useu f mvawGrmS ðzwfypf urBmrSm +Adwdef&JŒ t &ygw,f?
rSmyg? a&;ygr_ tcef;u¾ qdwfokef; tJ'v
D dk &efyaHk iGav#mch s
bmompum;XmeawG oGm;atmif/ 'Drkdua&pDtoHawG ay;r_t& tckvdk aqmif&u G &f wm
jzpfwJh rufqD'kd;eD;,m;/ t,fvf wdwq f w d o f mG ;atmif vuf&t dS pk;d jzpfwt hJ a=umif;eJ@ BBC World
ab;eD;,m;/ qm;AD;,m;/ t*Fvyd f &u vkyaf ew,fv@dk twku d t f cH Service [m urB m h x d y f w ef ;
bmomeJ@ xkwfa0eJ@ ua&bD,H ygwu D v$waf wmftrwf Dennis owif;Xme}uD;wpfckqkdwJh tae
bmomXmeeJ@ ay:wl*DXme pkpk McShaneu pGypf aJG jym=um;vku d f txm;rSm qufvufwnf&Sdaezkd@
aygi;f ig;ckudk &yfem;vku d yf gw,f? ygw,f? &nf&G,fw,fvkd@ rpPwm a[m
wcsKŒd XmeawGrmS vnf; a&mhcfpfu ajymygw,f?
a&'D,dk xkwv f i$ rhf &_ yfqidk ;f +yD; tif jrefrmyki d ;f tpDtpOf 'gayrJ h owif ; orm;
wmeuf 0ufbfqkdufuaeyJ o jrefrmykid ;f tpDtpOf t rsm;&JΠor*~jzpfwhJ NUJu tck
wif ; awG u k d xk w f v $ i f h a &;om; ygt0if XmewcsKŒd uvnf; ok;H ESpf aiGa=u;jzwfawmufr_awG[m +Ad
awmhrSmjzpfygw,f? tJ'D&yfr,fh twGi;f tok;H p&dwf 10&mckid Ef e_ ;f wdeEf idk if &H ŒJ tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd t}uD;
txJrmS AD,uferfe@J w±kwrf ef' av#mch s&rSmjzpf+yD; tenf;qk;H jzwf tus,f xd c k d u f a pvd r f h r ,f v k d @
&if;bmom a&'D,x dk w
k v f i$ rhf a_ wG awmuf c H & wJ h t xJ r S m yg0if y g ajymygw,f? Ô

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 10


ivsif/ rkew
f i
dk ;f / a&}uD;r_ tygt0if vGecf ahJ omESpf 8000cef@u rsKd;okO;f cJah om
obm0ab;tEW&m,frsKd;pkH cHEi dk o
f nfh urBmOD;qif jyefvnf&i S o
f efvm&ef
taqmufttk' H Z
D i
dk ;f zefw;D *syefoy d y
H` nm&Sir
f sm; óud;pm;ae
ivsi/f rkew
f idk ;f / a&}uD; vkyaf y;Ekid o f vkd aomufo;Hk a&ESihf a&mif xGi;f azmuf0ifEidk af =umifh ae@
r_ tygt0if obm0ab; tm[m&twG u f v nf ; t zuf w G i f tvif ; a&mif t wG u f (Eleven)
tE &W m,frsK;d pkH '%fcEH idk af om t aqmufttkHwGif;Yyif axmufyHh v#yfppfpGrf;tif okH;p&mrvkdovkd vGefcJhaomESpf 8˜000
aqmufttkH 'DZkdif;opfukd ±k&Sm; ay;onfh pepfyg&Sdonf? yljyif;vGef;onfh'%f rcH&atmif cef@u aysmufu, G cf ahJ om urBmOD;
Adouk m tzGŒJ wpfzŒJG u Ekid if w H um Ark. wnfaqmufyHk tylcsdefukd avsmhay;onfh pepf qifrsm;ukd urBmay:wGif vmrnfh
Adokum ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh yl;aygif; 'DZidk ;f a=umifh ivsiv f y_ v f siv
f nf; vnf; yg&Sdonf? ukef;a&ESpfrsKd;p ig;ESpt f wGi;f ykw H yl mG ;I jyefvnf
a&;qGcJ ahJ =umif; od&onf? tav;csd e f u k d r#cH a y;Ek d i f a om vk H ; wG i f xm;Ek d i f a om ,if ; t ay:aygufvm&ef *syefody`Hynm
orRmusrf;vm aem{ a=umifh rysufpD;Ekdifay? rkd;a&pk aqmufttku H dk ±k&mS ;ukr% ` D Re- &Sirf sm;u pDru H ed ;f cs vkyaf qmifae
. avS}uD; (Noah's Ark)trnf aqmif;onfh pepfESifh aepGrf;tif mistudionESihf tjynfjynfqidk &f m a=umif; od&onf?
ukd tpGJðy+yD; Ark[k trnfay; pkaqmif;onfh qkdvmjym;rsm; yg&Sd Adokumrsm;tzGJŒ. obm0ab; rsKd ; ok O f ; oG m ;onf r S m
xm;aom ,if;taqmufttkH aoma=umifh pGrf;tifESifha& ryl& tE &W m,f u,fq,fa&; tpDt umv&Sn=f umcJ+h yD;jzpfaom ,if;
onf obm0ab;tE W&m,fwkd@ ovkd twGi;f wGiyf if [if;oD;[if; pOfu yl;aygi;f a&;qGcJ jhJ cif;jzpfonf? urBmOD;qif jyefvnf&Sifoefvm
ukd cHEkdif±kHomru pGrf;tifxkwf &Gurf sm; pku d yf sK;d xm;Ekid of nf? ae (Eleven) a&; vkyaf qmif&eftwGuf yuwd
tajctae&Sdonfh DNA erlem
ykpH w
H pfck vkt d yfrnfjzpfonf? qif aoG; jyefvnfzefw;D &ef tok;H ðycJh &onf?
wpfaumifukd tiSm;rdciftjzpf onf? ,if;rsK;d Oukv
d nf; v#yf
xm;&S&d rnfjzpf+yD; uk, d 0f efaqmif vmrnf h a EG & moD w G i f ppfenf;ynmok;H I ykrH eS u f o hJ @dk }uD;
&eftwGuf &ufaygi;f 600cef@ vkd ,if;a'ook@d xyfro H mG ;a&mufI xGm;atmif ðyvkyfrnfjzpfonf?
tyfrnfjzpfum acwfopf urBm 'Dtifefatrsm; &SdaeqJjzpfaom ,if;aemuf tqkyd grsK;d Oukd "mwfcJG
OD;qifukd av;ESpfrS ig;ESpftwGif; at;cJaeonfh tom;prsm;ukd &Sm cef;wGif &uftwef=um xm;&Sd
arG;zGm;ay;Ekdifrnfjzpfonf? azG&ef usKdwkdwuUokdvfrS okaw rnfjzpf+yD; tiSm;rdcif qifAu dk x f J
ESpfaygif;axmifcsD &Sdae oe ynm&S i f r sm;u pD p Of x m; okd@ xkd;oGif;ay;rnfjzpfum ,if;
aom qku d af b;&D;,m; a&cJjyif&dS onf? xk@d jyif ,if;qiftavmif;rS qifru urBmOD;qifuav;ukd arG;
at;cJaeonfh urBmOD;qif uk, d f ta&jym;ESihf wpfosL; erlemwpfcdk zGm;ay;Ekid rf nfjzpfonf? aoqk;H +yD;
cE<mrS tarG;erlemrsm;ukd tok;H ðy uk d v nf ; &,l & ef yg0if r nf j zpf 16ESp=f um at;cJaeaom ºuGuu f dk
I rsKd;ADZukwfyl;aygif;Ekdif&ef ody`H a=umif; *syefowif;pm ,drk , d &l D ykw
H yl mG ;Ekid cf ahJ om vGecf ahJ om ESpf
ynm&Sirf sm;u r=umao;cif ESpf &SifbGefu azmfjycJhonf? urBmOD; ES p f u *syef o d y ` H y nm&S i f r sm;.
rsm;twGi;f ðyvkycf o hJ nf? xk@d jyif qif qJvfrsm;xJrS 'Dtifefatukd atmifjrifrt _ ay: tajccHI ,ck
t±k d ; xJ & S d yuwd t wk d i f ; &S d a e tiSm;rdcif qifxrH &S &Sad om rsK;d O pDruH ed ;f ukd vkyaf qmifomG ;rnfjzpf
aom 'Dtifefatukd urBmOD;qif xJo@dk xk;d oGi;f rnfjzpfa=umif; od onf? Ô

w±kwo
f rRw vl@tcGit hf a&;
rdcifwOD;u ajcav;acsmif;ESihf
av;pm;vkud ef mzk@d
yg;pyfEp
S af yguf yg&So
d nfh
todtrSwðf y ajym=um;
uav;i,farG;zGm;
w±kwfEkdifiH[m vl@t aemufxyf tajymif;tvJ}uD;awG t&ifuawmh vl@tcGihf
cG i f h t a&;eJ @ ywf o uf + yD ; quf xyfawGŒae&rSm jzpfw,fvkd@ tkd ta&;eJ@ ywfouf+yD; ar;wJhtcg ckdElrf;xkef (csif;owif;Xme) &mray;a=umif; od&onf? alzang aus;&GmwGif jyefomG ;=u+yD
vufvkyfaqmifp&mawG trsm; bm;rm;u ajymygw,f? enf;ynmykdif;qkdif&m tcuftcJ csif;jynfe,f wD;wdef “Ekd@wkduf&ifvnf; w [k od&onf?
}uD;&Sdao;w,fqkdwmukd tar&d ESpfbufpvkH; tðyo awGukd ta=umif;jy+yD; ajz=um; òrdŒ jynfol@aq;±kH}uD;wGif ,ckv zuf y g;pyf a yguf u ae jyef j yef “uav;i,f touf
uef r S m a&muf & S d a ewJ h w±k w f abmaqmifwhJ yl;aygi;f aqmif&u G f avhr&Sdygbl;? Zef e 0g&D 1&uf a e@u ajcav; xGuvf mw,fqadk wmh au|;vnf; quf&iS af &;uawmh pdwrf csEidk b
f ;l /
orRw Hu Jintao u todt r_qefwJh qufqHa&;[m tar&d tjiif ; yG m ;aewJ h aiG acsmif;ESihf yg;pyfEpS af yguyf g&odS nfh rxl;bl;/ ckcsed x
f ad wmh touf&iS f bk&m;tvkdawmftwkdif; jzpfrSm
rSwfðy ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f? uef E k d i f i H t wG u f aumif ; rG e f a=u;udpPeJ@ ywfoufvkd@ w±kwf uav;wOD; arG;zGm;cJo h nf[k od& ao;w,f”[k olu ajymonf? yg”[k wD;wdejf ynfo@l aq;±ku
H t
w±kwfEkdifiH[m vl@t a=umif;/ tar&duef pD;yGm;a&;vkyf u ,GrfaiGwefzkd;ukd aps;uGufxJ onf? uav;i,f E S i f h rd c if rnfrazmfvkdol om;zGm; q&mr
cGifhta&; udpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; t ief;&Siaf wGu olw@dk yk@d uek af wGt rSm wu,fjzpfoifw h hJ wefz;dk xuf wD;wdeòf rdŒe,f Tualz- onf wD;wdejf ynfo@l aq;±krH S Tu- wOD;u ajymonf? Ô
jyeftvSefaqG;aEG;r_awG vkyfzkd@ wGuf w±kwfaps;uGuf[m xdyf avsmhcs owfrSwfxm;w,f/ ESpf ang aus;&Gmae OD;usif&Sif;ref;.
qEN&ydS gw,fv@dk rpPwm[lu qkyd g wef;rSm &Sw d ,fqw dk m ajymoGm;cJh Ekid if =H um; ta&mif;t0,fjzpfoifh ZeD;jzpfolu tqkdyg a,musFm;
w,f? wJhta=umif; tkdbm;rm;u qkd wJh aps;E_ef;rSm xm;zkd@vkdw,fvkd@ av;ukd wD;wdefòrdŒ jynfol@aq;±kH
'gt h jyif vl@tcGit hf a&; oGm;cJhygw,f? orRwtkdbm;rm;u ajym=um; wGif arG;zGm;cJjh cif;jzpfonf?
[m vlom;tm;vk;H eJ@ qkid w f ,fqdk 'gh t jyif tar&d u ef vkdufygw,f? “trGmykHpH jzpfcsifwm
wJhtcsufukd w±kwfu av;pm; a':vm 45 bDvD,H wefzkd;&SdwJh tar&duefzufu vm; rodb;l / ajcaxmufu av;
vkdufemygw,fvkd@vnf; ajymyg ESpfEkdifiH ukefoG,fr_pmcsKyfawGukd vnf; ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;awG vkyf acsmif;/ yg;pyfuESpaf yguEf iS hf b,f
w,f? [l * sif ; awmif c&D ; pOf t wG i f ; aqmifoGm;ygr,fvkd@ olu xyf bufrsupf rd mS tom;ykd wGu J sae
vGefcJhwJh ESpfokH;q,f csKyfqdk cJyh gw,f? avmif; qko d mG ;cJyh gw,f? w,f”[k tqkdyg uav;i,fukd
ausmu f tar&dueforRw *sirf D tdrjf zLawmfrmS orRw 'gh t jyif w±k w f E k d i f i H "mwfykH±kduful;cJhol wOD;u ajym
umwmeJ @ w±k w f o rR w wd e f @ tk d b m;rm;eJ @ yl ; wG J ð yvk y f w J h +idr;f csr;f pGm wk;d wufxeG ;f um;vm onf?
a&Smifzdefwkd@ awGŒqkH+yD; ESpfEkdifiH owif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJrSm owif; r_[m wurBmvk;H twGuf tusK;d uav;i,fukd arG;zGm;
qufqaH &; ykrH eS jf zpfcohJ vkd uae@ axmufawG&JΠar;cGef;awGukd rpP &Sdovkd tar&dueftwGufvnf; +yD ; uwnf ; up+yD ; rd c if E k d @ &nf
uae aemiftESpf ok;H q,ft=um wm[lu t&ifeJ@rwl xl;jcm;pGm aumif;rGeaf =umif; rpPwm tkb d m; wkdufau|;vkd@ r&a=umif;/ ,if;
rSm w±kwEf idk if rH mS aemufxyfjzpf yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajz=um;ajymqkd rm;u ajym=um;cJhygw,f? udpPESifh ywfouf+yD; wm0efus
ay:wk d ; wuf a jymif ; vJ r _ a wG / oGm;cJhygw,f? (bDbpD )D q&m0efu aumufcsuf wpkHw

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 11


tusOf;om;ay:wm 4OD; xyfrH vGwaf jrmufvm wHwm;usKd;wGif
Zefe0g&Dv 14&uf? axmif r S apmpd e f a t;u ajym qGr
J i
kd ;f a=umihf vl 8OD;
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) onf?
u&ifjynfe,f KNU “'Da&SŒwef;udk ay:wm xdcukd r
f &
_ dS
wyfr[m (7)twGif; 0ifa&muf vmxrf ; &wm awmif u av;
v_y&f mS ;vmonfh etzwyfr(22) axmif u tusOf ; om; 100yg
wyf z G J Πppf a =umif ; rsm;ES i h f t wl w,f? tck xGufajy;wmu oHk; Zefe0g&Dv 7&uf? (autdkifpD) wifum;u [dik ;f vufum;wpDukd
vdkufyg&onfh tusOf;om;ay: a,mufayhgaemf? usefwa,muf aumh u &d w f - jr0wD oG m ;xd w ,f ? um;ay:u c&D ;
wm 4OD;onf ,ae@wiG f e,fajrcH uawmh wa,mufyJ xGufajy; um;vrf; wHwm;usKd;ae&mwGif onf 7a,mufe@J jr0wDu qif;
u&iftrsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&; vmwm? usaemfu v_id ;f bGòJ rdŒe,f ,ae@rGef;vGJydkif;Y qGJrdkif;xdI vl oGm;wJh qdik u
f ,form; 1a,muf
wyfzŒJG (KNLA)xHo@kd xyfrx H u
G f u waum&Gmuyg? bmtr_/ t 8OD; xdcu
kd 'f %f&m&&Sod mG ;a=umif; awmh xdomG ;w,f? c&D;onfawG
ajy;a&muf&Sdvmonf[k od&Sd& jypfrSr&SdbJ axmifuswm? 2010 od&onf? u enf;enf;yGe;f yJ±h yHk gy?J qdik u
f ,f
onf? q,fvydkif;wkef;u &mbm+cHwck tqdyk g qGrJ ikd ;f onf wH orm;uawmh enf ; enf ; jyif ;
Zefe0g&Dv 4&ufae@rS rSm jruf&Sif;&if; Adkvfbodef; OD; wm;usK;d ae&mwGif wufvmonfh w,f? ol@ukd jr0wDaq;±krH mS wif
11&ufae@twGi;f etz wyfr[m aqmifwhJ BGFwyfzŒJG u usaemfu h kd Photo-KIC ppfum;wef;udk wdu k cf u kd [f ef&+dS yD; xm;w,f”[k ukefonfwOD;u
(22)rS tusOf;om;ay:wm 5OD; zrf;+yD; ppfwyf vufxJtyfvdkuf vGwfajrmufvmolxJrS zsm;emaeonfh tusOf;om;ay:wmwpfOD;
u&if t rsKd ; om;tpnf ; t±k H ; awmh awmifuav;axmifukd t
KNU wyfr[m(7)vufatmuf ydk@cH&wmyJ? axmifrSm 1veJ@ 6 wdk@eJ@ ygvmwJh ay:wmwa,muf wyfr[m(7) 'k±;Hk xdik rf LS ; Adv
k }f uD; qGrJ ikd ;f uawmh ppfum;wef;vGeo f mG ;rS xaygufawmh
cH KNLA xHwiG f xGuaf jy;a&muf &uft=umrSm ay:wmtjzpf a&SŒ ajròrd‡yfrkdif;eif;rdawmh ol@udk aq; apmrsKd;rif;u “olwdk@(ay:wm) tJ'rD mS &yfxm;wJh c&D;onfwifum;u
&SdvmcJhovdk ,ae@wGif tusOf; wef;e,fajrudk tyd@k c&H +yD; tck 'D wd k u f a u|;wmawmh awG @ w,f ? awG usaemf w d k @ qD xG u f a jy; [dik ;f vufum;wpD;udk oGm;xdw,f?
om;ay:wm 4OD; xyfrH a&muf&dS vdkxGufajy;vmwmyJ?”[k au tJvkd rdik ;f tjyif aoewf'%f&m& a&muf&Sdvmw,fqdkawmh qEN
vmjcif;jzpfonf? tdik pf u D kd ajymonf? wJholawG&Sdw,f? '%f&m&wJhol &Sd&mudkoGm;Edkifzdk@ taumif;qHk;
,ck x G u f a jy;vG w f etz ppf a =umif ; awGukd etzwyf cr&(913)pcef; awmh ulnDay;wmygyJ? aemuf
ajrmufvmonfh tusO;f om; 4OD; aemufudk vdkufygcJh&pOf ppfom; rSm yd@k w,fv@kd =um;w,f? b,frmS xGuaf jy;vmtH;k rJh ay:wmawG t ppfum;rsm; vGefoGm;csdefrS rdkif; ajymonf?
rSm u&ifjynfe,f/ awmifuav; rsm;. xdk;}udwf±dkufESufjcif;cH& vJawmh”[k ajymonf? rsm;}uD;&SdtHk;rSmyJ?”[k qdkonf? aygufuGJonfhtwGuf acwW&yf ,if;wdu
k cf u
kd rf r_ mS rnf
axmifrS apmpdeaf t; 39ESp/f bdb k kd onft h jyif rdik ;f eif;rdonfh tusO;f a&SŒwef;txrf;orm; vuf&Sd KNU wyfr wef@xm;onfh c&D;onfwif [dik ;f onfth zGŒJ tpnf;. vufcsujf zpf
aZmf 23ESpf/ rif;rif;pdk; 24ESpfESihf om;rsm;&Sdovdk wkdufyGJtwGif; tjzpf etz toH k ; ðyonf h t [m(7)e,fajrwGif etz ppfwyf vufum;wpD;udk xdreS u f m um; onf[k wyftyfajymqdEk ikd jf cif; r&Sd
yJc;l wdik ;f om,m0wDaxmifrS t '%f&m&olrsm;vnf; &Sdonf[k usOf;om;rsm;onf vlowfr_/ vl wyfr(22)vufatmufcH cv& ay:ygol 7OD;ESihf qdkifu,form; ao;aomfvnf; awmifay:vrf;
ouf 45ESpft&G,f at;vGifwdk@ xGufajy;vGwfajrmufvmol rif; ±d k u f r _ / arS m if & d y f c d k ; r_ / ES p f v H k ; xD (201)/ (202)/ (204)/ (205)/ 1OD; xdcu
kd o
f mG ;jcif;jzpfonf? twdkif; wufvmonfh ppf,mOf
jzpf+yD; ‚if;wdk@onf etz wyfr rif;pd;k u ajymonf? a&mif;r_ponfh jypfr_usL;vGefxm; (209)wyf&if;rsm;ESihf e*dk&Sdxm; “qG J r d k i f ; uawmh ppf wef;udk ypfrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfEdkif
(22)vufatmufcH cv&(201) rif;rif;pd;k uvnf; “ol um axmifusaeolrsm;jzpf=u+yD; aom puc(19)vufatmufcH um;wef ; vG e f o G m ;rS xayguf a=umif; a0zefajymqdrk r_ sm; xGuf
wyf&if;aemufudk 0efxrf;tjzpf wdk@(etz)aemufvdkuf&if olwdk@ Edik if aH &;tusO;f om;rsm; yg0ifjcif; wyf&if; 4&if;ESifh wdik ;f wyf&if; w awmh tJ'rD mS &yfxm;wJh c&D;onf ay:aeonf?
(KNU) wyfr[m(7)e,fajrwGif cdik ;f or# vky&f wJt h jyif xd;k }udwf r&Sda=umif; od&onf? &if;wdk@ v_yf&Sm;v#uf&Sdonf[k
,ckvqef;ydkif;u a&muf&SdvmcJh uefwm/ aoewf'ifeJ@ txkcH& xG u f a jy;a&muf & S d v m e,fajrcH (KNLA) wyf&if;rsm;.
&mrS ,ckvkd xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmuf wm&Sw d ,f? usaemfawmh tJvckd &H onfh etzwyf. tusOf;om; ajymjycsuft& od&onf? etz wyfom;wOD;
vmjcif;jzpfa=umif; awmifuav; wm r&Sb d ;l ? 'Dv 9&ufu usaemf ay:wmrsm;ESiyfh wfoufI KNLA Ô
'DaubDatxH
KNLA wyfzŒJG 0ifrsm; ESp}f udrq
f ufwu
kd f ypfcwfI xyfrv
H ufeufcs
etz 6OD;ao 3OD;'%f&m& Zefe0g&Dv 4&uf?
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD)
udk vma&mufvufeufcsw,f?
vufeuftjynfhtpHkeJ@yJ? avm
u&ifjynfe,f a0:av avmq,f AdkvfcspfoJqDrSmyJ &Sd
Zefe0g&Dv 6&uf? u “8;15 rdepfrmS wpf}udr/f nae a'owGif 0ifa&mufv_yf&Sm;onfh ao;w,f? usaemfwdk@ wyfr[m
apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) 3em&DrmS wpf}udrf oGm;acsmif;ypfyg etz ppf u G y f u J a &;XmecsKyf - XmecsKyfudk ra&mufao;bl;”[k
u&ifjynfe,f jr0wD w,f ? yxrtacguf r S m etz puc(19) vufatmufcH wyf&if; ajymonf?
c±dik f a0:ava'o ueJav;pcef;&Sd buf 2OD;eJ@ 'kwd,wacgufus rS wyfom;wOD;onf ,ae@reG ;f vGJ ppf o uf w rf ; 2ES p f & S d
etzppfwyftm; ,ae@ u&ift awmh 4OD; yGcJ si;f +yD;yJ? 3OD; txdem 2;30em&DtcsdefwGif 'DaubDat ‚if;wyfom; 0if;&efEdkifonf ‚if;
rsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;wyfzŒJG rS 2 w,f? etzbufuvnf; vuf wyf r [m (5)xH o d k @ xyf r H v m wdk@wyf&if;Y &duQmjywfvyfr_ESihf
}udrfqufwdkuf ajymufusm;oGm; euf}uD;awGeJ@ tcsufawmfawmf a&mufvufeufcsonf[k 'Dau ppf w d k u f v d k p d w f r &S d a o;a=umif ;
a&mufypfcwfcJhr_a=umifh etz rsm;rsm; jyefxw k ,f? KNLAbuf bDatbufu ajymonf? MA-1vuf/ usnf 250awmihEf iS fh
bufrS 6OD;aoqH;k +yD; 3OD; '%f&m& uawmh xdwmr&Sdbl;”[k ajym tqd k y g vma&muf ruUZif; 6csyfESihftwl ,ckvdk 'D
&SdcJhonf[k od&onf? onf? vufeufcsonfh puc(19)vuf aubDatxHo@kd vma&mufvuf
ueJav;aus;&Gm tajc tvm;wl ,ckv Zefe atmufcH cr&(586) wyfcGJ(1)rS eufcsjcif;jzpf+yD; 'DaubDatwyf
pdkuf ppfuGyfuJa&;XmecsKyf puc 0g&Dv 3ESifh 4&ufae@u a0:av wyfom; 0if;&efEdkif 20ESpf udk,f zGŒJ taejzihf ‚if;jzpfcsio f nfh qENt
(8)vufatmufcH cr&(404)wyf a'o&Sd zmvl;aus;e,fbufwGif ydik ef yH gwf w§432470 onf ‚if; wdkif; twwfEdkifqHk; ulnDaqmif
&if;tm; KNLA wyf&if; (103)rS vnf; Adkvfausmfouf OD;aqmif wdk@wyf&if;v_yf&Sm;&m a0:ava' &GufoGm;rnf[k AdkvfrSL;apmqef;
,ae@eHeufESihf rGef;vGJydkif;wdk@wGif onf h 'D a ubD a twyf z G J Πzvl ; Photo-KIC
o tluavhxmhaus;&Gm armwk atmifu ajymonf?
ESpf}udrfajymufusm;pepfjzihf t av;aus;&Gm&Sd etz ppfwyftm; autJeft,fvfat wyfzGJ@0ifrsm; awmifbufjcrf;&Sd Akv d cf spo
f J OD;pD; tvm;wl vGefcJhonfh
vpf o G m ;a&muf y pf c wf c J h & mrS vufeuf}uD; vufeufi,frsm; onfh 'DaubDatwyfzŒJG od@k vuf 2010ckEpS f 'DZifbmv 29&ufae@
etzwyfzGJŒ0ifrsm; txdemjcif; jzihf oGm;acsmif;ypfc&hJ m etzbuf 'DaubDatwyfzGJŒrS ‚if;autJef pH/k tiftm;tvH;k t&if;jzihf wuf eufcsjcif;jzpfonf[k 'DaubDat wGiv f nf; a0:ava'owGif v_yf
jzpf o nf [ k a0:ava'owG i f u xdcu kd 'f %f&m&&Srd &_ o dS nf[k 'D t,fvaf twyfzŒJG 0ifrsm;ESifh reD;r vmonfhtwGuf a0:ava'o wyfr[m(5)rS AdkvfrSL;apmqef; &Sm;aeonfh cv& (299)wyf&if;rS
v_yf&Sm;aeonfh DKBA wyfr aubDatwyfbufu ajymonf? a0;wGif ppfa&;v_yf&Sm;aeolrsm; wGif wdu k yf t
JG }uD;tus,f jzpfymG ; atmifu ajymonf? wyfom;wOD; 'DaubDat wyfr
[m(5)rS wyfrSL;wpfOD;u ajym ‚if ; ypf c wf r _ E S i h f ywf jzpfonf? Edkifa=umif; e,fpyfa'o ppfa&; ‚if ; u “'D a e@rG e f ; vG J [m(5)xHo@kd vufeufc, J rf;rsm;
onf? oufI KNLA wyf&if; (201)udk ,ck & uf y d k i f ; twG i f ; tajctaeudk apmihf=unfhae=u 2;30tcsed rf mS usaemfw@kd 'DaubD ESihftwl vma&mufvufeufcscJh
tqdyk g DKBA vuf ,ae@wdkuf±dkufqufoG,fI r& etzppf w yf r S ppf v uf e uf } uD ; olrsm;u oHk;oyfajymqdkonf? at wyfr[m(5)rS AdkvfcspfoJqD onf? Ô
euf}uD;wyfzŒJG rS Adv
k }f uD;apmprif; aomfvnf; twnfðyajymqdo k nfh i,frsm;/ wyf&u
d mQ rsm; tjynft h Ô

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 12


62ESpaf jrmuf u&ihaf wmfve
S af &;ae@wGif ppftpd;k &u wdu
k y
f t
JG wGi;f etzwyfrS
yxrqH;k t}udrf v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lrnf uav;ppfom;trsm;pk
Zefe0g&Dv 11&uf? a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD; wòydifeufwnf; ac:,lovdk ‚if; tm%m&Sifrsm; tqufqufu aoqH;k cJh
apmcg;pl;nm; (autdkifpD) aemuf 3veD;yg;t=um 2010ck v$waf wmf 3&yfpvH;k ESifh qdik o f nfh ‚if ; wd k @ vk y f i ef ; pOf jzpf a jrmuf
jrefrmppftpdk;&u Zef ESp/f Zefe0g&v D 31&ufae@ eHeuf Oya'/ enf ; Oya' (17)rsKd ; ud k atmif j rif z d k @ twG u f "mwf q if
e0g&Dv 31&ufae@wGif yxrqHk; 8em&D 55rdepfwGif yxrt}udrf vnf; xkwaf 0jzef@csv D ukd af =umif; enf;rsm;udk oH;k avh&o dS nf[k apm
t}udrf v$wfawmftpnf;ta0; jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf / trsKd ; om; xkwfjyefa=unmvdkufonf? ordefxGef;u ajymonf? Zefe0g&Dv 11&uf? &ol atmifuv kd if;u qdo k nf?
ac:,ljcif;onf u&ihaf wmfveS af &; v$waf wmfEiS fh wdik ;f a'o}uD; od@k r ,ckvdk v$wfawmft ol u “jref r mjynf apmodef;jrihf (autdkifpD) “pcef;xJrmS &dumQ ukef
ae@ESihf wdkufqdkifaeonfhtwGuf [kwf jynfe,fvw $ af wmf tpnf; pnf ; ta0; ac:,l r nf h a e@onf ordkif;rSm 1948ckESpf/ Zefe0g&D 4 u&ifjynfe,f a0:av wmayh g aemf ? txuf u vnf ;
‚if;rSm EdkifiHa&;t& "mwf±kduf ta0;ac:,lrnf[k etz OuUX u&if t rsKd ; om;wd k @ . 62ES p f &ufae@ vGwv f yfa&;&,lwahJ e@u a'owGif etzESihf u&ifwyfzGJŒ &dumQ vmrcsay;bl;? vlawGvnf;
"mwfqifjcif;jzpfEidk o f nf[k u&if AdkvfcsKyfrSL;}uD; oef;a&$. trnf ajrmuf awmfvSefa&;ae@jzpfovdk vnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJ oGm;wmyJ? r 0ifrsm;t=um; ae@pOfjzpfyGm;ae xif&mpdkif;=u+yD; &GmxJqif;? &Gm
trsK;d om;tpnf;t±k;H (KNU)rS jzihf ,refae@u jrefrmh±kyfjrifoH +yD;cJhonfh 2010ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv euf 4em&D rdepf20eJ@omG ;wm? OD; onfh wdkufyGJrsm;Y etzbufu om;awG&ŒJ qefukd twif;awmif;
t&H A [d k aumf r wD 0 if w pf O D ; u =um;wGif xkwjf yefa=unmcJo h nf? 7&uf a&G ; aumuf y G J r S m vnf ; Ekacwf Adkvfae0if;acwfwkef;u xdcu dk af oqH;k olrsm;xJwiG f trsm; ,l p m;w,f ? r&&if ay:wmqG J
ajymonf? vuf&Sd ppftpdk;&onf u&ifjynfe,fae@jzpfae&m jrefrm vnf; 'D"mwfqifwJhenf;eJ@ vkyf pkrSm uav;ppfom;rsm;jzpf=u w,f? tJvkd ud, k x
f if&mud, k pf ikd ;f
autJef,l pnf;±kH;a&; v$waf wmfo;kH &yf tpnf;ta0;udk Ed k i f i H . ord k i f ; wpf a v#muf w G i f wmyJ? 'Dvkd av#mufvyk af wmh jref onf[k ,refae@u KNUxHo@kd aewJh wyf&if;rSm raecsiaf wmhb;l ?
Xme 'kwm0efcH apmordex f eG ;f u rmjynf}uD;[m ckxd rvGwfvyf xGuaf jy;a&muf&v dS monfh etz pdwu f vnf; usO;f =uyfawmh xGuf
“'g[m u&ifawGukd emrferd w f hJ o Edkifawmhbl;? 'gayrJh autJef,l uav;ppfom;wOD;u xkwfazmf ajy;vmw,f ? wyf x J r S m awmh
abmjzpf & if v nf ; jzpf r S m ayh g / [m rðzwfygb;l ”[k ajymonf? ajymqdkonf? usaemfht&G,fwyfom;awG 20
aemuf'g[m "mwf±dkuf"mwfqif 2010ckESpf Edk0ifbmv touf 17ESpft&G,f ausmf&Sdw,f? olwdk@uvnf; t
(,=wmacs)w,fqdkwm aocsm 7&ufae@ a&G;aumufyw JG iG ;f vuf wyf o m; atmif u d k v if ; onf rsm;pku xGuaf jy;csiaf e=uw,f”
w,f? u&ifhawmfvSefa&;ae@rSm &Sdppftpdk;& wm0ef,lxm;=uol etz puc(8)vuf a tmuf c H [k ajymonf?
v$wfawmfac:vdkufw,fqdkawmh rsm;ES i h f tpd k ; & ausmaxmuf cr&(409)wyf&if;rS jzpf+yD; ,ckv ppfom;tjzpf t"rRpk
u&ihf&JŒvGwfvyfa&; awmif;qdkr_ aemufcHay;xm;=uolrsm; yg0if 7&ufae@reuf 4em&DwGif ‚if;. aqmif;cJ&h ol ppfoufwrf; 2ESp&f dS
udk olwdk@(etz)u t&,lvdkuf onfh }uHzh @HG ygwu D trwfae&mt wyfpcef;rS xGufajy;um KNU wyfom;atmifuv kd if;onf +yD;cJh
wJhoabmayhg? u&ifjynfe,fae@ rsm;pk tEdkif&&Sdxm;jcif;a=umihf wyf&if;(101)xHodk@ ,refae@u onfh 2010ckEpS /f 'DZifbmv 22
wke;f uvnf; 'Dtwdik ;f yJav? a&G; a&G;aumufyGJrS jzpfay:vmrnfh a&muf&v dS mjcif;jzpf+yD; ,ckvydik ;f &ufae@u a0:avaus;&GmY jzpf
aumufyGJ vkyfvdkufw,f? tck tm%mzGŒJ pnf;yHu k xl;xl;jcm;jcm; twGif; etzESihf u&ifwyfzGJŒ0if yGm;cJoh nfh rk'rd ;f vlowfrr_ mS ‚if;
vnf; vmjyef+yD? 'g±dk;±kd;r[kwf tajymif ; tvJ & S d E d k i f r nf r [k w f rsm;t=um; jzpfyGm;cJhonfhwdkufyGJ wdk@wyf&if;rS wyf=uyf}uD;pdk;oef;
bl;? 'gu Edik if aH &;oabmt& vkyf a=umif; jrefrmhta&;avhvmoHk; rsm;Y ‚if;udk,fwdkif awGŒóuHcJh&r_ ESifh ol.wynfh 3OD;wd@k . vky&f yf
ief;oabmt& "mwf±dkuf"mwf oyforl sm;t=um; a0zefajymqdrk _ rsm;udk jyefvnfajymjycJhonf? jzpfa=umif; atmifuv kd if;u ,ck
qifw,fqw kd m xif&mS ;w,f”[k rsm;&Sdonf? Ô ‚if;u “usaemfw@kd wyf vdk ajymonf?
ajymonf? zGJŒawG typfcH&+yDqdk&if t&ifqHk; “ol w d k @ vrf ; rS m xd y f
aowm usaemft h &G,v f kd ppfom; wduk af wGŒawmh ukyq f v JG u
kd w f ,f?
awGygy?J wacguu f qGrJ ikd ;f awGe@J q&m}uD;pk;d oef;u yxr vkyw f m

wdu
k y
f jJG zpfymG ;&ma'orS vlxk 400ausmf usaemfwdk@ppfa=umif; 0dkif;ypfcH&
w,f? wcgwnf; ta,muf20
ayg?h olu wa,mufayhgaemf? ol@
aemufvu f ynfh 3a,mufu
kd w
ausmfavmufxdw,f? ajcjywf awmh tjcm;wa,muf u d k a yh g ?
xyfrxH u G af jy; vufjywf/ ±kyyf suq f if;ysuw f hJ vl q&m}uD ; vk y f w J h trsKd ; orD ; ud k
awGvnf;&So d vdk wcsKŒd aumifawG awmh acgi;f jzwf+yD; owfypfvu kd f
Zefe0g&Dv 8&uf? =um;rS m yJ td y f & r,f ” [k ajym cef;wnf&&dS m ueJav;aus;&Gm t rSm aq;cef;oGm;jy&rSmvJ? 'DrmS yJ ESpyf ikd ;f jywfomG ;wJh vlawGvnf;&Sd w,f? ol@wynfhawG vkyfwJhw
eef;xl;pH (autdkifpD) onf? eD;tem;wGif wdkufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm;cJh aq;awG 0,f a omuf = u&wm w,f ? txl ; ojzih f uav;ppf a,mufuawmh 'Dtwdik ;f yJ owf
,refae@u a0:ava' ,if;od@k xGuaf jy;wdr;f onfhtwGuf &Gmom;rsm;u t ayhg”[k ajymonf? om;awGyg? usaemfvnf; enf; vdkufw,f”[k ajymonf?
owG i f wd k u f y G J r sm;jzpf y G m ;cJ h + yD ; a&Smifae=u&ol &Gmol&mG om;rsm; jcm;ae&mrsm;odk@ xGufajy;wdrf; u&ifjynfe,f/ aumh enf;xdw,f”[k ajymonf? a0:ava'owGif v_yf
etzwyfu vufeuf}uD;rsm;jzihf xJrS tcsKŒd rSm aomif&if;jrpfeaH b; a&Smifc=hJ u+yD;aemufyikd ;f etzwyf u&dwòf rdŒe,f/ a0:ava'o&Sd a0: xd k w d k u f y G J r sm;twG if ; &Sm;aeonfh etzwyf&if;rsm;.
vd k u f v H y pf c wf a eonf h t wG u f wGif wmvywfx;kd +yD; ae=uovdk rsm;onf aus;&GmtwGif;&Sd tdrf avaus;&Gm tygt0if 0gah rxmh/ yGJcsif;+yD; aoqHk;oGm;cJhonfh ppf tajccs&m pcef ; ywf v nf w G i f
,ae@reufwiG f 0gah rxmh&mG ol&mG wcsKd Œ u jzpf o vd k a exd k i f = u& ajc (20)ausmfudk Zefe0g&Dv 6 tl;uav;xmh/ qHq k nf;òrdi/f ueJ onfrsm;&Sdovdk tenf;i,f xd u&iftrsKd;om; vGwfajrmufa&;
om; 400ausmo f nf ‚if;wd@k aus; onf[k xdk&Gmol&Gmom;rsm;udk &uf a e@u rD ; ±d _ Œ zsuf q D ; vd k u f av; ponfhaus;&Gmrsm;rS &Gmol cd k u f ' %f & m&&S d c J h o l r sm;twG u f wyf r awmf KNLA / wd k ; wuf
&GmrS xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf&dS aomif ul nDaqmif&Gufay;onfh u&if a=umif; a'ocHwOD;u autdik pf D &Gmom;rsm;onf a'owGi;f etz vnf; aq;0g;tvHktavmufr&Sd aom Ak'b < mom u&iftrsK;d om;
&if;jrpfurf;eHab;odk@ ajymif;a&$Œ vlr_tzGJŒrS apmrdk;Edkifu ,ckvdk udk ajymonf? wyfESihf u&ifvufeufudkifwyfzGJŒ aoma=umihf '%f&mrsm;udk jzpfo wyfrawmf DKBA/ jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH
oGm;=uonf[k &Gmom;wOD;u ajymonf? +yD ; cJ h o nf h 2vcef @ rsm;t=um; vuf & S d j zpf y G m ;ae vdk tenf;i,f xdcu kd 'f %f&m&&Scd hJ qdkif&m ausmif;om;wyfrawmf
ajymonf? olu “rae@ueJ@ 'Dr uwnf;u wdkufyGJa=umihf xdkif; onfh wdu k yf rJG sm; t&Sed yf jdk yif;vm olrsm;twGuv f nf; aq;0g;tvHk ABSDF wyfzGJŒ0ifrsm;. 0dkif;&H
olu “usaemfwdk@&Gm eufrmS tl;uav;xmhe@J 0gah rxmh Edik if H zkwzf &òrdŒe,f/ tlz;kd xmhaus; rnfh tvm;tvma=umihf ppfab; tavmufr&Sad oma=umihf '%f&m xm;r_a=umihf &dumQ jywfvyfonfh
om;awG tukev f ;kH &Gm&JŒatmuf bufrmS vufeuf}uD;awG usvm &GmteD;wGif 0ifa&mufcdkvH_ae=u rS vGwaf jrmuf&ef xGuaf jy;wdr;f rsm;udk jzpfovdkuko&+yD; wyf jy\emrsm;óuHawGŒae&onfht
em;u aomif & if ; jrpf e H a b;rS m wJth wGuf &Gmom;awG aomif&if; aom vlOD;a& 100eD;yg;&Sd tdrf a&Smif=ujcif;jzpfonf[k a'ocHw wGif;&duQmjywfvyfr_rsm;a=umihf ay: wyfrLS ;wyfom;rsm;rSm ‚if;wd@k
oGm;ae=uw,f? tJ'DrSm enf; jrpfurf; jrefrmbufjcrf;rSm oGm; axmifpk(18)pkrS touft&G,f OD;u ajymonf? xG u f a jy;vm&jcif ; jzpf a =umif ; wyfwGif;rS r=umc% xGufajy;
enf;vHòk cHw,fv@kd ajym&r,f? w a&Smifae=uw,f? tcsKdŒuvnf; }u;D olrsm;rSm 0rf;av#mjcif;/ acsmif; a'ocHwOD;u “olwdk@ wdu k yf aJG ygi;f 10ckausmf awGŒóuHchJ v#uf&Sdonf? Ô
ckcjk zpf&if xdik ;f bufukd ul;&vG,f tjcm;ae&mawGrSm vdkufae=u qd;k jcif;ESifh aoG;wd;k jcif;a0'ersm; cH ajymwmu 'D v 9&uf a e@rS m
atmifyg? a0:av&GmxJu etz w,f? avmavmq,f jrpfurf; pm;ae&a=umif; &GmolwOD;u ajym etzwyf b uf u xd k ; ppf p wif
wyfawGypfwJh vufeuf}uD;awG rSmaewJh &Gmom;wcsKdŒu wmv onf? vkyaf qmifr,fw?hJ tJ'ga=umihf &Gm
u usaemfwdk@&GmxJ ra&mufw ywfe@J wJx;kd ae=uw,f? wcsKŒd u ol r u “&moD O wk uae xGuo f mG ;=uwm? wcsKŒd &Gm wd@k tvkyv f yk w
f hJ olaX;awGyikd w
f hJ etzwyfESihf 'DaubDatwyfzGJŒ
a&muf y J [ m? tE W & m,f u if ; bmrSr&Sad o;bl;/ jzpfovdyk J ae=u at;vdk@vm;rodbl;/ aeraumif; awGu &GmvH;k u|wyf ?J wcsKŒd &Gmu ajymif;cif;/ v,fcif;wJawGrmS oGm; rsm; ,ckcsed t
f xd wdu
k yf rJG sm; quf
atmif a&$Œ=uwmyJ? tck usaemf w,f? reufjzefrS vdt k yfwhJ wm jzpf=uw,f? txl;ojzihf vl}uD; awmh &Gmom;wcsKdŒ usefwm&Sdyg ae=uwm&Sw d ,f”[k autdik pf u D kd vufjzpf yGm;aeonft h wGuf a'
wd@k jrpfurf;eHab;rSm wJav;awG vywfawGukd usaemfwdk@ ydk@ay;zdk@ awG 0rf;av#m=uw,f? acsmif;qd;k w,f? xdkif;buf&Sd aqGrsKd;awGqD ajymonf? ocH&Gmol&Gmom; e,fpyfa'oeJ@
xdk;ae=uw,f? jzpfovdkyJ csuf &Sdw,f”[k ajymonf? =uw,f? usrqdk aoG;wdk;wuf oGm;=uwm&Sdovdk wcsKdŒe,fpyf tvm;wl jr0wDòrdŒ. xdkif;bufjcrf;a'orsm;wGif ykef;
pm;=uw,f? 'Dnawmh ESif;awG ‚if;tjyif etz wyfp w,f? wufvu kd u f svu kd yf ?J b,f rSmyJ yke;f ae=uw,f? wcsKŒd u ol awmifydkif; zvl;a'owGifvnf; atmif;cdkvH_ae=u&qJjzpfonf?

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 13


etz ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ICCwGif w&m;pGE
WLB óud;yrf;oGm;rnf
J i
dk af &;
"mwfyo
kH wif;
Zefe0g&Dv 28&uf? (autkdifpD) [k autkid pf u D dk ajymonf?
ppftpkd;&ukd EkdifiHwum ppfckH±kH; onf?
trsKd ; orD ; rsm;tay: wifEkdif&ef WLBtaejzifh quf
,ckEpS f Zefe0g&vD 24 1999ckESpf/ 'DZifbmv r,fv'kuo Q nfpcef;rS ESpo f pfu;l ae@
vdifykdif;qkdif&m t=urf;zufr_rsm;
ESihf ppf&mZ0wfrr_ sm;ukd usL;vGef
&ufrS 26&uftxd qXrt}udrf
ajrmuf WLBnDvmcHukd xkdif;-
pyfvkyfaqmifcJhovkd ppftm%m
&Sipf epf ðywfusa&;/ 'Dru dk a&pDa&;/
9&uf a e@u jref r mwk d i f ; &if ; ol
trsK;d orD;tzGŒJ 12zGŒJ jzifh pkaygi;f zGŒJ
&d;k &m"avhx;kH wrf;rsm;udk Tod@k
cGiðhf yaeonfh Akv d cf sKyfrLS ;}uD; oef; jrefrme,fpyfwae&mwGif usi;f y ppfreS af om z,f'&,fjynfaxmif pnf;xm;cJo h nfh WLBonf ,ck wifqufazmfxw k cf =hJ uonf?
a&$ESifh etz ppfacgif;aqmifrsm; cJ&h m etz ppftpk;d &. jynfov l l
pk wnfaqmufa&;wk@d twGuf t qXrt}udrfnDvmcHwGif u,ef;
tm; Ekid if wH um &mZ0wfrq _ idk &f m zGJŒcsKyf. rl0g'ESifh ukdufnDaom
xktay: enf;rsK;d pkjH zifh vl@tcGit hf trsKd ; orD ; rsm;tpnf ; t±k H ;
w&m;ck±H ;Hk wGif w&m;pGq J Edk idk &f eft a&; qufvufcsKd;azmufaer_rsm; Ekid if aH &;aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ukd t (KyWO)ukd tzGJŒ0ifopftjzpf
wGuf qufvufóud;yrf;oGm;rnf tm; pkpH rf;ppfaq;&eftwGuf uk jcm;r[mrdwf EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pk óudqkdvufcHcJhonf? xkdóudqkdr_t
[k trsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJŒcsKyf (jref vor*~ pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&; aumfr rsm;ESifh vufwGJazmfaqmifoGm; ay: rwifwifnKd u “vlrsK;d pkawG
rmEkdifiH) WLBu ,refae@wGif &Sifw&yf zGJŒpnf;jzpfay:vmEkdifap
rnf[k xkwfjyefcsufwGif azmfjy trsm;}uD;&Sw d hJ usrwk@d Eidk if rH mS t
xkwfjyefajymqkdvkdufonf? &ef EkdifiHwum. axmufcHtm; xm;onf? rsK;d orD;awG&ŒJ pnf;vk;H r_tiftm;
WLB taxG a xG t ay;r_ ykrd dk &&Sad pa&;twGuf WLB WLBu ppftpkd;&. [mvnf; tifrwef ta&;}uD;yg
wGif;a&;rSL; rwifwifndKu “'D taejzifh pnf;±kH;v_H@aqmfr_rsm;2008zG J Œ pnf ; yk H E S i f h 2010 a&G ; w,f? tckvdk tzGŒJ 0ifawGrsm;vm
etz ppftpkd;&u wkdif;&if;om; qufvufvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef qkH; aumufyGJwkd@rS xGufay:vmrnfh wm[mvnf ; usrwk d @ &J Πvk y f
a'oawGrmS trsK;d orD;awGtay: jzwfcJhonf[k od&onf? [efjyt&yfom; tpk;d &opfw&yf aqmifrt _ m;aumif;vmzk@d twGuf
&mZ0wfr_ usL;vGefcGifhay;aewm WLBonf +yD;cJhonfh
onf wkdif;jynftwGuf ppfrSef tiftm;wpf&yfyJjzpfygw,f”[k
ukd usrwk@d vufrcHEidk b f ;l ? 'gawG 2010ckESpf/ rwfvESifh ZGefvrsm;onfh Ekid if aH &; ðyjyifajymif;vJru _ dk ajymonf?
ukd usrwk@d u Ekid if w H um c&D;pOf wGif tar&duefEidk if EH iS hf *syefEidk if H
az:aqmifay;Ekdifrnfr[kwf[k ±_ tzGŒJ 0if uk,d pf m;vS,f
wkid ;f rSm ajymoGm;r,f? ICCudpP rsm;Y EkdbJvf+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sift
jrifokH;oyfcJhovkd +idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh ESifh avhvmolaygif; 59OD; wuf
ukd vkyaf ewJh Ekid if w H um tzGŒJ t csKdŒESifh yl;aygif;um ppftpkd;&wyf
jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;vkyfief;pOf/ a&mufco hJ nfh tqkyd gnv D mcHwiG f
pnf;awGeJ@vnf; vkyfcJhwmawG&Sd . vl@tcGifhta&; csKd;azmufcHcJh&
trsK;d orD;rsm; t=urf;zufr_ qef@ twGif;a&;rSL; tzGJŒ0ifopfrsm;t
w,f? EkdifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;u ol trsK;d orD;. oufaoxGuq f dk
usiaf &;vkyif ef;pOf/ trsK;d orD;rsm; jzpf rwifwifndK (taxGaxGt
vnf; usrwkd@&JŒ vkyfaqmifcsuf csuf r sm; yg0if o nf h toG i fEkdifiHa&;pGrf;&nfjr‡ifhwifa&; vkyf wGi;f a&;rSL;)/ apmpH+idr;f ol (wGzJ uf Photo-KIC
awG u k d tod t rS w f ð yvmwm o¾mefwl EkdifiHwumckH±kH;ykHpHrsKd;
ief;pOfokH;ckudk taumiftxnf taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;)(1)ESifh
awGŒ&w,f? ppftkyfpk ròyduGJo vkyfaqmifcJhao;onf? azmf a qmif & G u f & mY rD ' D , muk d aemf0g;ck&SD; (wGJzuftaxGaxGt
a&GŒ trsK;d orD;awG[m 'Dvydk J cHpm; ‚if;tjyif jrefrmEkdifiH
enf ; AsL[mwck t jzpf tok H ; ðy wGi;f a&;rSL;) (2)wk@d udk a&G;cs,cf =hJ u
ae&rSmyJav? 'g[m a&&Snv f yk &f a&S Œ aersm;aumif p D (WLB)/ oGm;&eftjyif jynfwiG ;f pnf;±k;H a&; onf? Ô
rJh vkyif ef;pOfr@dk v@dk usrwk@d taeeJ@ International Justice Center vk y f i ef ; rsm;uk d t&S d e f j r‡ i f h v k y f
wqifhcsif; vkyfaqmifoGm;r,f” wkd@ESifhvnf; yl;aygif;um; etz aqmifomG ;&efvnf; qk;H jzwfc=hJ u

Apfw&
kd ;D ,m;jynfe,f Nhill a'owGif yxrqH;k t}udrf
u&ifEp S of pfu;l yGaJ wmf usif;y Photo-KIC
0efawGay;+yD; rdrt d rsK;d om;tusK;d
pD;yGm;/ vlrsKd;rsm; vlwef;apha&;
awGtwGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;yHyh ;kd uln=D u& 62ESpaf jrmuf u&iftrsK;d om;ESpo f pfu;l ae@
r,f”[k ajym=um;oGm;cJo h nf?
tcrf;tem;wGif u&ihf tcrf;tem;udk autJe, f l
,Ofaus;r_ ±dk;&m'Hk;,drf;tursm;
ESihf azsmfajzjcif;/ u&ifh±kd;&mtpm;
wyfr[m(5)e,fajrwGif
tpmrsm;ESifh {nfch aH u|;arG;jcif;t usi;f yjyKvkycf o
hJ nf?
jyif naeydkif;wGif vli,frsm;u
abmvH;k yGEJ iS fh jcif;vH;k cwfyrJG sm; ,SOf
òydifupm;cJh=uonf?
Photo-KIC
“'D a 'orS m tck v d k
usi;f ywJh yxrqH;k t}udrf ESpo f pf
Apfw&dk ;D ,m;jynfe,f Nhill a'o. yxrqk;H t}udrf u&ifEpS o f pfu;l yGaJ wmf ul;yGaJ wmfukd vma&muf&wm tif
Zefe0g&Dv 15&uf? rsm;/ EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;/ ausmif; vlrsKd;awGudk aus;Zl;wifygw,f? rwef 0rf;omrdw,f? usaemfr
apmausmfcGD; (autdkifpD) q&m/ q&mrrsm;/ òrdŒawmf0efESihf u&ifjynforl sm;twGuf wwfEikd f awGŒzl;/ rodz;l wJh ud, k v hf rl sL;d awGe@J
u&ifro d m;pk (8)pkom zdw=f um;xm;aom {nfo h nfrsm; wJhtultnDawGudk ay;oGm;rSm awGŒqHk&if;ESD;cGihf&cJhwmudkvnf;
a&muf&Sdaexdkifonfh =opa=w; pkpak ygi;f (300)ausmf wufa&muf yg”[k ajymonf? auseyfryd gw,f? 'Du u&ifvx l k
vsm;Edik if /H Apfw;kd &D;,m;jynfe,f&dS vmcJah =umif; od&&dS onf? =opa=w;vsm; u&if uvnf; tckvkd wufºuGpmG yg0if
Nhilla'owGif 2750ckEpS af jrmuf tcrf ; tem;ud k yd k ; trsKd;om;tzGJ@tpnf; rJvfbkrf; vmEdik w f mudv k nf; usaemf av; Photo-KNLA
u&ifEpS o f pfu;l ae@yaJG wmf tcrf; u&ifocD si;f ESifh pwifziG v fh pS +f yD; t XmecGJrS eef;olu “u&ifvlrsKd; pm;rdygw,f”[k ESpo f pfu;l yGJ qif
tem;udk yxrqHk;t}udrftjzpf zGirfh ed @f ceG ;f wGif rJbv k b f rk ;f òrdŒawmf awG [ m b,f a e&myJ a &muf EGcJ o
hJ l apmpef;armifu autdik pf D
,ae@eeH uf (11)em&DcrJG S nae (4) 0ef rpPwmuvpf&Gefu “'Da'o a&muf rdrdwdk@&JŒ ae@xl;ae@jrwf udk ajymonf?
em&Dtxd usif;yðyvkyfcJhonf? rSm u&ifESpfopful;yGJawmf jzpf jzpfwJh u&ifESpfopful;ae@udk pOf rJvfbkrf;òrdŒrS um;jzihf
u&iftrsK;d om;tzGŒJ t ajrmufatmif óud;pm;aqmif&Guf qufrjywf usi;f y&r,f? rdr±d ;kd &m/ 5em&D=umoGm;&onfh Nhilla'o
pnf; (AKO) Apfw;kd &D;,m;XmecGJ =uwJh Nhilla'ou ESpfopful; pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_ "avhx;kH pHawG od@k xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf 'kuo Q nf
. ulnyD yhH ;kd r_jzihf ðyvkyo f nfh ‚if; jzpf a jrmuf a &;aumf r wD r S apm udk av;pm;vku d ef m+yD; wefz;kd xm; pcef ; ES i h f rav;&S m ;e,f p yf r S
ESpo
f pfu;l tcrf;tem;wGif Nhill aumfwek @J vma&mufyyhH ;kd ulnaD y; cspfcif&r,f? vl}uD;rS vli,fodk@ ajymif;a&$Œa&muf&v dS monfh u&if
a'o&Sd u&ifro d m;pkrsm;ESit fh wl =uaom =opa=w;vsm; u&ift u&ihfbdk;bGm;tarGtESpfawG ydkrdk rdom;pk 8pkrS vlO;D a& 30OD; aexdik f
tuf'dvdwfESihf rJvfbkrf;rS u&if zGŒJ tpnf; rJvb f rk ;f XmecGrJ S u&if od&v dS matmif vufqihu f rf;wm vsuf&Sdonf? Ô Photo-KNLA

u&ifowif;pOf/ Zefe0g&Dv/ 2011 ckESpf? pmrsufESm 14

You might also like