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(145)vufrcefY &&Sdonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; rkd;a&csdefwkdif;wmEkdif&ef rkd;a&csdefwdkif;wmpcef;cGJ (3)ck&Sdonf/
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rk d ;a&csd ef & &S d rI tajctae

rk d ;&G m&uf
&&S d vuf r aygif ;
1970
142
170.49
1971
116
133.03
1972
108
75.91
1973
128
70.32
1974
128
55.6
1975
135
55.99
rS wf c suf
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rk d ;a&csd e f & &S d r I tajctae
pOf
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1976
92
54.52
1967
108
77.13
1978
121
150.67
10
1979
79
100.79
11
1980
126
155.68
12
1981
105
130.86
13
1982
64
121.07
rk d ;&G m&uf &&S d vuf r aygif ;
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15-8-82
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; 1970-71 ckESpfrwkdifrD a&BuD;jcif;rsm;aMumifh pyg;pdkufysKd;rIrsm; ysufpD;cJhonf/

1970-71ckESpf pyg;pkdufysKd;rI&moDtcsdeftwGif; tnma& (2)Budrfwkdif BuD;cJhonf/ 1981-82 ckESpf pyg;pkdufysKd;
csdef a&wufrIaMumihf aus;&Gmtkyfpk(20)cefYwGif wmwrHrsm;usKd;aygufum qm;iHa&0ifcJhonf/ 1977-78
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7/ (u)rif;jym;NrdKUe,f\ vlOD;a&tajctae
1973
1974
1978
1982
ckESpf
(oef;acgifpm&if;)
107950 - OD;
ckESpf
('kwd,tBudrfa&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJ) 107971 - OD;
ckESpf
(wwd,tBudrfa&G;cs,fwifajrmufyGJ) 110890 - OD;
ckESpf
(vl0ifrIESifh jynfolYtiftm;OD;pD;Xme) 117911 - OD;
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43
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12390
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10297
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1511
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976
1.57%
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383
0.33%
jzpfonf/
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52627
touf(18)ESpfrS (60)ESpfxd vlOD;a&
58709
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6575
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rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif &Sdaeonfh zufqpfpcef;rsm;jzpfaom pGef&Jpcef;? vdyfausmufpcef;? ausmufewfpcef;?
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OD;armifpdef? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;xGef;pdef? tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf OD;a&Teef;OD;? zkd;armif? OD;armifjromwkdYtm; yg0ifzGJU
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atmifqef; OD;aqmifaom zqyvtzGJUcsKyfBuD;rS csrSwfay;aom rl0g'twkdif; vGwfvyfa&;ukd BudK;yrf;vmMu
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&ckdifjynf uGefjrLepfrsm;jzpfMuaom OD;ausmfjr? OD;pdEm? AkHaygufomausmfwkdYvnf; awmckdcJhMuavonf/
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ukdvkdeDpHepfzGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykHuJhodkYyif NrdKUykdif? e,fykdif? ta&;ykdif? &GmolBuD; pHepfjzihf tkyfcsKyfaompepfyif
jzpfaomaMumifh wkdif;jynfwGif; aexkdifMuaom vlxkrSm pdwf0rf;uGJjym;vmum zqyvtzGJUrS cGJxGuf
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tjzpf OD;zmacsu tkyfcsKyfcJhonf/ odkYESifh zqyvtzGJUESihf umuG,fa&;wyfrS OD;a&Teef;OD;? OD;zkd;atmif? OD;rJ
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ckESpfwGif
ckESpfwGif
ckESpfwGif
rlvwef;ausmif;
rlvwef;ausmif;
rlvwef;ausmif;
rlvwef;ausmif;
rlvwef;ausmif;
9
3
10
25
62
ausmif;
ausmif;
ausmif;
ausmif;
ausmif;
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
29
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
ckESpfwGif
ckESpfwGif
ckESpfwGif
ckESpfwGif
rlvwef;ausmif;
rlvwef;ausmif;
rlvwef;ausmif;
rlvwef;ausmif;
86
86
90
108
ausmif;
ausmif;
ausmif;
ausmif;a[mif;
(c) q&mrsm;OD;a&
(1) t x u
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
12
12
12
11
txjy
txjy
txjy
txjy
ausmif;tkyf(1)
ausmif;tkyf(1)
ausmif;tkyf(1)
ausmif;tkyf(1)
(2) t v u
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
24
29
30
30
tvjy
tvjy ausmif;tkyf(3)
tvjy ausmif;tkyf(3)
tvjy ausmif;tkyf(4)
(3) t r u
1947-48 ckESpf
1951-52 ckESpf
1954-55 ckESpf
1958-59
1959-60
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
28
39
96
70
174
180
152
157
156
306
trujy
trujy
trujy (ta[mif;)
trujy (topfcefY)
trujy
trujy
trujy
trujy -q&mBuD; (83)
trujy -q&mBuD; (86)
trujy
(c) q&mrsm;OD;a&
(1) txufwef;tqifh
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
162
229
316
415
a,muf
a,muf
a,muf
a,muf
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
30
(2) tv,fwef;tqifh
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
1364
1501
1595
1705
a,muf
a,muf
a,muf
a,muf
(1) rlvwef;tqifh
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
ckESpf
11502
12021
12882
12853
a,muf
a,muf
a,muf
a,muf
pmar;yGaJ tmifjrifrI
1980 ckESpf rif;jym;NrdKUe,f\ tyx^tyv^trv^pmar;yGJatmifjrifrIrsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif;
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
twef ; ajzqk d ol atmif jrif ol
&mck d if EI e f ;
tyx
367
38
10.36
tyx
355
210
58.5
trv
830
747
89.8
ynma&;tokH;p&dwf
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGuf 1980 ckESpf 1981 ckESpf ynma&;tokH;p&dwfrsm;ukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&Sd&
ygonf/
pOf
taMumif ;t&m
1 pDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;
Ek d i f iH awmf rS ES pf tvk d uf &if ;ES D ;jrKyf ES H r I

1979-80
1980-81
18223
23191
100
3965
3 txufwef;ausmif;rsm;
104191
103479
4 tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;
215920
115532
62222266
616145
960700
862312
2 ppfaq;a&;
5 rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;
pkpkaygif;
wGJbufausmif;rsm;
wGJbuftxufwef;ausmif;rsm;
tpk;d &w&m;0ifusr;f (1) ausmif; (yef;ajrmif;)ESifh w&m;0ifjzwf&efavQmufxm; aq;ausmif;wausmif;
(rif;&Gm)wkdYjzpfygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
31
wGJbuftv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;
tpkd;&w&m;0if;ausmif; (2)ausmif; &Sdygonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm

(1)
i^ykuG wGJbuftvu
(2)
vufrwGJbuftvu
tpkd;&okdY w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyK&ef avQmufxm;aom wGJbuftvuwausmif;&Sdygonf/ ,if;rSm
rif;zl;tvu jzpfygonf/
yef ; ajrmif ; txuuk d 1977-78 ck E S p f w G i f pwif z G i f h v S p f c J h a omf v nf ; 1981 ck E S p f w G i f r S
tpkd;&rSw&m;0if twnfjyKjcif;cH&ygonf/
rif;&Gmtxuukd 1979 ckESpfwGif pwifzGihfvSpfcJhygonf/ twef;vkdufausmif;om;OD;a&rSm
198 zwfr& ckESpf tajctaeukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
yef;ajrmif;txuwGif
txufwef; 25 OD;
rif;&GmtxuwGif
9wef;
17
OD;
10wef;
4
OD;
i^ykuG tvufwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& (113)OD;jzpfygonf/
yef;ajrmif;wGJbuftxuwGif 0dZm+odyH
q&m(2)OD;
rif;&GmwGJbuftxuwGif
0dZm+odyH
q&m(2)OD;
i^ykuGwGJbuftruwGif
0dZm+odyH
q&m(4)OD;
yef;ajrmif;wGJbuftxu\ atmifcsuf&mEIef;ukd 1977^78 ckESpf(2)ESpftwGuf atmufygtwkdif;
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
1976-77 ckESpfwGif
10-wef;wGif odyH (7)OD;teuf atmifjrifolr&Sdyg/
10-wef;0dZmausmif;om; (9)OD;teuf (4)OD;atmifjrifcJhygonf/
9-wef;odyHausmif;om; (5)OD;teuf (3)OD;atmifjrifcJhygonf/
9-wef;0dZmausmif;om; (6)OD;teuf (5)OD;atmifjrifcJhygonf/
1977-78 ckESpfwGif
10-wef;wGif 0dZmausmif;om; (3)OD;teuf (1)OD;atmifjrifygonf/
10-wef;odyHausmif;om; (5)OD;teuf (1)OD;atmifjrifygonf/
9-wef;0dZmausmif;om; (5)OD;teuf (5)OD;atmifjrifygonf/
tvGwyf nmoifausmif;rsm;
1962 ckESpfrSp rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif r&Sdyg/ 1962 rwkdifrD tpkd;& w&m;0if(7)wef;tvGwfynmoif
ausmif;wausmifukd q&mBuD; OD;a&TausmfatmifrS zGihfvSpfoifMum;cJhonf/
vli,fa&;&mnausmif;
NrdKUe,fwGif txuzGifhvSpfonfh vli,fha&;&mnausmif;wpfausmif; wnf&SdcJhygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
32
twef ; vk d uf ausmif ; om;OD ; a&

twef ;vk d uf O D ;a&
pOf
ck ES p f
8-wef ;
9-wef ;
1 1967-67
2 1968-68
rS wf csuf
10-wef ;
od y H
0d Z m
aygif ;
50
39
39
30
47
47
3 1969-69
14
53
53
4 1970-70
107
17
0dZmwGJ&Sdonf/
5 1975
56
85
141
10-wef;pmppf&onf
6 1976
14
18
32
tvGwfajz
7 1977
27
21
48
0dZm (81)
8 1978
55
40
19
59
odyH (57)aygif; 126
9 1979
55
19
40
59
rSwcf su/f
/10wef;ukd vli,fa&;&mnausmif;wGif wufa&mufoifMum;aomfvnf; ppfawGodkY oGm;a&mufajzqkd&yg
ojzihf tcsKdUausmif;om;wkdY tvGwfajzMuonf/ txufazmfjyyg ausmif;olôm;wkdYonf vli,fa&;&m
nausmif;rS 0ifa&mufajzqkdcJhMuonhf (10)wef;pm&if;t& azmfjyxm;jcif;om jzpfygonf/
vli,fa&;&mnausmif; e0rwef;ukd ,cifu ppfawGckdif? ppfawGNrdKUrS ppfaq;cJh&m? ppfawGckdif0efu
25-3-69 aeYwGif e0rwef;nausmif; pmppfXmeukd BuD;Muyfa&;rSL; OD;atmifrif;? v^x BuD;Muyfa&;rSL;
OD;atmifausmfrif;tm; cefYtyfum {NyDv(1)&ufaeYrS (4)&ufaeYxd pwifusif;ycJh\/
tajccH ynmtxuf wef ;tqif h pmar;yG J atmuf

ckEpS f
atmifjrifrI
ajz atmif
0dZm wGJ
(u)qifh
rSwfcsuf
odyw
H JG
(c)qifh
(u)qifh
(c)qifh
EIe;f ajz atmif EIe;f ajz atmif EIe;f ajz atmif EIe;f ajz atmif
1968^69 47
42
47
95
47
5 11.9
1978^79 19
15
19 1 5.21 19 4 20.84
40
18
40
15
40 12
30
odyHr&Sd
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
33
e0rwef ; pmar;yG J atmif j rif rI &mck d if EI ef ; jyZ,m;
pOf
ck ES pf
ajzqk d ol atmif jrif ol &mEI ef ;
rS wfcsuf
pmar;yGJajz&mwGif (47)OD;jzpfNyD; pmar;yGJwGif
1967-68
46
23
50% (1)OD; xkwfyg,fcH&onf/ ckdifpmppftzGJUrS

xkwfyg,fygonf
rif;jym;vli,fha&;&mnausmif;rS
ausmif;om;wkdYonf ppfawGckdif?
1977-78
85.71%
ppfawGNrdKUwGif 0ifa&muf
tjcm;pmajzolrsm;ESihf 0ifa&mufajzqkdjcif;
dtjcm;tvGwfrS 0ifa&mufajzqkjd cif;aMumifh
atmifjrifrIpm&if;Z,m;r&SdcJhyg/
t ajc c H t v , f w e f ; p mar ;y G J a t mi f j r i f r I & mE I e f ; jy Z , m;

pOf
c kE Sp f
1977-78
ajz q k d o l at mi f j r i f o l
55
42
& mE I e f ;
r S w f c su f
72.73%
ausmif;om; (19)a,muf apwemvli,fa&;&mnausmif;rS pm&if;oGif;ajzqkdNyD;? usefausmif;om;

(40)OD;rSm jyifyrS ajzqkdMuygonf/ vli,fa&;&mnausmif;wGif wufa&mufoifMum;cJhaom ausmif;om;OD;a&
rSm (59)a,mufjzpfygonf/
aiGaMu;okH;pGJrItajctae
1967-68 ckESpf aiGpm&if;&Sif;wrf;
ausmif;om;xHrS aumufcH&&SdaiG
xkkdESpfokH;pGJaiG
vufusefaiG
1968-69 aiGpm&if;&Sif;wrf;
1967-68 vufusefaiG
ausmif;om;rsm;xHrSaumufcH&&SdaiG
pkpkaygif;
xkdESpfokH;pGJaiG
vufusefaiG
pkpkaygif;
4350d ^ 3810d^55g;
531d^45g;
531d^45g;
4561d ^ ------------5093d^45g;
4935d ^ 156d^05g;
-------------5092d^45g;
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
34
vli,fa&;&mnausmif;ukd nausmif;rsm; tkyfcsKyfrI A[kdaumfrwDrS zGJUpnf;ygonf/ xkdA[kdaumfrwD

\ TeMf um;csujf zihf a'oqkid &f m ausmif;tkycf sKyrf aI umfrwDzUJG pnf;ygonf/ xkt
d zGUJ tpnf;rS ausmif;om;q&m
&&Sad &;? tkycf sKyaf &;ponfwu
Ydk dk tcgtm;avsmpf mG pDrcH efcY aJG vonf/ nausmif;&HyaHk iGrsm;? q&mrsm;OmPfyal Zmf
c? a&? rdD;p&dwf? ausmif;pma&;axmufyHhaiG? ausmif;okH;ajrjzLtwGuf ukefusp&dwf wefbkd;rsm;ukd wkdif;ckdif
NrdKUe,f ynma&;BuD;MuyfrIaumfrwDrS a'otkyfcsKyfrIaumfrwDwkdYjziuhf dEIdif;twnfjyKokH;pGJcJhonf/
wuokdvfpmay;pm,loifwef;rsm;
wuodkvfpmay;pm,loifwef;cGJukd rif;jym;NrdKUe,f 1975-76 ckESpf pwifcxJhNyD; nae taxmuf
tuljyKoifwef;wpfckukd apwemq&mrsm;jzihf ygwDOD;aqmifrI jynfolYaumifpDBuD;MuyfrIwkdYjzifh 1975-76
ckwGif txu zGihfvSpfEkdifcJhygonf/
pOf
c kE Sp f
t w e f;
o dy H
0 dZ m
1975-76
(y)ESp f
10
o i f w e f ; o m;
ay gi f ;
22
1977-78
(y)ESp f
19
13
44
('k) ESp f
13
31
(w )ESp f
16
(y)ESp f
16
32
('k) ESp f
16
33
(w )ESp f
11
23
(p)ESp f
14
(y)ESp f
20
30
('k) ESp f
14
30
(w )ESp f
11
25
(p)ESp f
19
yOr ESp f
1978-79
1980-81
p D ; y G m ; O y a'
1977-78 ck E S pf ajzqk d atmif j rif ol S E S i h f atmif j rif r I &mEI e f ;

ck ES pf twef ;
od y H
atmif
0d Z m
atmif
pD ;yG m;
atmif
pD ;yG m;
atmif
ajz
atmif
jrif
ajz
atmif
jrif
ajz
atmif
jrif
ajz
atmif
jrif
qkd
jrif
rI %
qkd
jrif
rI %
qkd
jrif
rI %
qkd
jrif
rI %
yESpf
100
14
12
86
50
10
70
'kESpf
80
13
12
92.3
40
42
wESpf
100
67
100
86
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
35
wuokdvfynmawmfoif axmufyHha&;tzGJY
1972 ckESpf pufwifbmv(3)&ufaeYwGif atmufygaumfrwDrsm;jzihf pwifzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/
1/ OD;atmifBuD;om
OuX
2/ OD;OD;a&Tpdef
'k-OuX
3/ OD;pdefcsrf;OD;
twGif;a&;rSL;
4/ OD;bkd;kd
'k-twGif;a&;rSL;
5/ OD;ausmfvSatmif
tzGJU0if
6/ OD;wkyfjzL
tzGJU0if
7/ OD;armifvlBuD;
tzGJU0if
8/ OD;apmvSOD;
tzGJU0if
9/ OD;bkd;ndrf;
tzGJU0if
10/ OD;ausmfjrOD;
tzGJU0if
11/ OD;atmifvSausmf
tzGJU0if
NrdKUay:rS apwem&Sifrsm;ESihf o^rtoif;? Xmeqkdif&m0efxrf;rsm;rS apwemtavQmuf &efykHaiGrsm;
aumufcHcJhygonf/ apwem&Sifrsm; (67)OD;&SdNyD; 1976 ckESpfxd &efykHaiGrSm 10119d^05g; &SdcJhygonf/ 1976
ckESpfxd ausmif;om;wpfOD;vQif wpfv 75d^-EIef;jzihf ausmif;om;(3)OD;tm; (1)atmifausmfodef; (2)
ausmfjrom (3) rpef;vStm; axmufyHhEkdifcJhygonf/ ,if;okH;OD;vkH;rSm wuokdvfwGif bGJUtoD;oD;qGwfcl;&&SdcJh
ygonf/
1977-ckESpfrS ,aeYxd jynfolYbPfwGif tyfESHxm;onfh ynmoifaxmufyHhaMu; &efykHaiGrSm 6000d^cefY&Sdygonf/ 1977 ckESpfrS ,ckxd wuokdvfausmif;om;(2)OD; (1)armifausmfodef;? (2) armifvSxGef;odef;?
wkdYukd wpfvvQif (75d^-)EIef;jzihf wuokdvfynmoif&ef axmufyHhEdkifcJhygonf/ odkYaxmufyhHrIaMumifh
if;wkdYrSm wuokdvfynmukd qufvufoif,lEkdifcJhygonf/
rS w f c suf /
/ ,ckynmoifaxmufyHhaMu;cHpm;cJholwkdYrSm bGJU&NyD;aemuf vkyfief;cGifrS olwkdY\
&&Sad omvpmEIe;f xm;tvku
d f axmufyahH Mu; cHpm;cJo
h nhu
f mvtxd (100vQif 10d^-) EIe;f wuov
dk yf nmoif
axmufyhHaMu;tzGJU\ &efykHaiGukd wkd;wufvmap&eftwGuf jyefvnfay;vSL xnfh0ifMuygonf/
ynm&nfcReq
f ak y;a&;
tyx^tyv^tru pmar;yGJrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;? ausmif;wGif;pmar;yGJrsm;wGifvnf;aumif;?
xl;cRefpGm atmifjrifcJhMuonfh ynm&nfcRef ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;tm; oufqkdif&m ausmif;rsm;rS
qkrsm;toD;oD; ESpfpOf? ESpfqufcsD;jrifhcJhMuygonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif &SdcJhaom wuokdvfynmoif
axmufyHhaMu;tzGJUrSm ynm&nfcRefolrsm;ukdvnf; qkcsD;jrifhcJh&m 1977 ckESpfwGif tyxpmar;yGJukd xl;cRefpGm
atmifjrifcJhMuonfh armifausmfZHvS a&Tom;wHqdyfukdvnf;aumif;? roef;oef;Munftm; aiGom;wHqdyfqkukd
vnf;aumif; toD;oD;ay;tyfcJhygonf/ xkdYjyif ynm&nfcRefolrsm;tm; ,cifu o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rS
vnf;aumif;? yk*dKvfa&;qkdif&mrsm;rSvnf;aumif; toD;oD;csD;jrifhcJhMuygonf/ xkdYjyif ckdifwkdif;jynfrsm;wGif
xl;cRefpGmatmifjrifMuonhf ausmif;olôm;rsm;tm; ckdif^wkdif;rsm;rS toD;oD;qkrsm; ay;tyfcJhMuygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
36
usef;rma&;
aq;ynmESihf aq;0g;ukoa&;
(u) aq;ynm
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ywfouf xl;xl;axGaxGrw
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h nft
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bkeaf wmfBu;D ausmif;rsm;uyif oifMum;wwfajrmufcMhJ uojzihf rdrw
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f idk ;f vkv
d ydk if
wkdif;jynfrSxGuf&Sdaom aq;yifrsm; aq;jrpfrsm;xm;&Sdum usef;rma&;ukd apmifha&Smuf*kjyKMuonf/ wkdif;jynf
twGif;aexkdifaom vltrsm;wkdYrSm usef;rma&;aumif;rGefaomolrsm;&SdouJhodkY csKdUwJholrsm;vnf; &SdMuonf/
if;acwfwpfavQmufvkH;wGif usef;rma&;ESihfywfouf axGaxGxl;xl;aq;kHBuD;rsm;? aq;ukcef;rsm; csNyD;
ukonfukd rawGU&Sd&ay/ okdY&mwGif wkdif;jynftwGif; aexkdifaomvlwkdY\ usef;rma&;ukd &yf&GmtwGif;&Sdaom
&ckid af q;orm;ac: aq;q&mrsm;u ukoapmihaf &SmufMuonf/ Bu;D us,x
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ajc<uay; rdrdaetdrfodkY ac:,lukoay;jcif;ukdaomfvnf;aumif;? jyKvkyfMuonf/ aq;q&m? aq;orm;wkdY
rSm uyfa&mufaoma&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukd aq;usrf;? AdaEmusrf;rsm;twkdif; rdrdwdkYwkdif;jynfjzpf aq;yifrsm;jzihf
ukoMuygonf/ c&pfou&mZf (1600)ausmf oD&d"r&mZmrif; (ajrmufOD;) vufxuf a&mufvmaomf
ay:wl*Dbkef;BuD;? rmefe&dwfonf tvGefzsm; rdrdwkdY\ taemufEdkifiH? aq;0g;jzifh aomufokH;aomfvnf;?
raumif;cJh&m oD&dok"r&mZmrif;u rdrd\orm;awmfukd apvTwf ukoapcJh&m aumif;rGefaMumif;
ol\rSwfwrf;wGif a&;om;xm;onfukd awGU&Sd&ayonf/ oD&dok"r&mZmrif;\ orm;awmfBuD;onf
rmefe&dwftm; prf;oyfMunfhINyD; wcGufwnf;aomaq;ukday; a&m*gaysmufuif;onf[k ol\rSwfwrf;wGif
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0rf;pmtwGuf tydktvQHtenf;i,frQavmufom xGef,ufpkdufysKd;rI &SdMuonf/ rSwyg; ul;oef;a&mif;0,frI
jyK&ef pyg;pkdufysKd;rI rjyKcJhMuay/ odkYaom tajctaeaMumihf NrdKUe,f\pD;yGm;a&;rSm tvGefedrfhus NrdKUe,f
twGif;aexkdifaom vlwkdYrSm t0wfcsKdUwJh? tpm;csKdUwJhrIwkdYudk zufqpf*syefacwfwpfckvkH; cHpm;cJhMuonf/
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vGwfvyfa&;acwfrSp usef;rma&;Xmevkyfief;tqifhqifhwkd;wufajymif;vJvmcJhykH
1949 ckESpf Zlvkdifv(1)&ufaeYwGif aps;teD;&Sdaom aq;kHukd oabFmqdyfacsmif;teD;wGif wzef
aqmufvkyfcJhygonf/ ukwif (16)vkH;qefYjzpf "edrkd;? ysOfcif;? 0g;x&Hum? taqmuftOD;jzpfygonf/ 1948
ck vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;aemuf NAdwdoQaq;wyfrS q&m0efrsm;tpm;? aq;kHrsm;wGif EkdifiHjcm;om; tdEd,q&m0ef
rsm;ESifh jrefrmq&m0efrsm;ukd cefYxm;cJhonf/ vGwfvyfacwfrSp aq;kHrsm; 0rf;qGJq&mrwpfOD;tm;
wkd;csJUcefYxm;cJhonf/ a,musfm;vlemapmihfwpfOD;ESihf rdef;rvlemapmifhwpfOD; wkd;csJUtm;jznhfcefYxm;cJhonf/
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; (10)ESpfumv 1958 ukefcgeD;wGif yef;ajrmif;aus;vufaq;ay;cef;ukd zGifhvSpfcJhonf/
if;aq;ay;cef;wGif vufaxmufusef;rma&;XmerS vpmaxmufyhHcJhonf/ xkdaq;ay;cef;wGif jyifyvlemrsm;
ukdom OD;pm;ay;ukocJhNyD;? ta&;BuD;onfh vlemrsm;ukd NrdKUe,faq;kHokdY xyfqifhykdYay;cJhygonf/
rsufarSmufumv usef;rma&;vkyfief;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
(u) jynfe,fusef;rma&;OD;pD;Xme
r&Sdyg
(c) wkdif;tqifhaq;kHBuD;
r&Sdyg
(*) NrdKUe,faq;kHrsm;
1964 ckESpfwGif ,cifaq;kHa[mif;ukd rif;jym;NrdKU taemufbufokdY ajymif;a&TUcJhNyD; ukwif (16)vkH;
qefY aq;kHwpfxyfwkdufukd aqmufvkyfcJh&m? 1965 ckESpfwGif NyD;pD;cJhonf/ 1970 ckESpfwGif ukwif (6)vkH;
qefYoCFmaq;kHwpfckukd jynfolvlxkrS apwemjzihf xnfh0ifvSL'gef;aiGrsm; rwnfNyD;aqmufvkyfcJhygonf/
1972 ckEpS w
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dk nf; NrKd Ue,fvx
l u
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EkdifcJhygonf/ 1974 ck rwfv(2)&ufaeYrS 1978 ck rwfv(2)&ufaeYxd (4)ESpfwmumvtwGif; twGif;vlem
&ckid o
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rsm;\vlemapmifha&Smufonfh yk*dKvfrsm; wnf;ckd&ef wnf;ckdaqmifwpfaqmifukd ygwD\ vrf;TefrI? aumifpD\

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&Sad om vQypf pfr;D tm;ay;pufwpfv;Hk ukd aq;ko
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uk oay;onf h vlemrsm;
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996
21694
183
1965
992
21924
242
1966
994
36318
403
1967
998
41108
434
1968
1293
30657
465
1975
2010
34055
1976
2484
41057
1977
2083
23355
1978
2494
19734
10
1980
1912
15867
978
(c) pnfyifom,musef;rma&;vkyfief;
NrdKUe,fusef;rma&;OD;pD;XmerS wm0ef,laqmif&Gufonf/ NrdKUe,fq&m0ef\ wm0efay;csuft&?
NrdKUe,fusef;rma&;t&m&SdESihf if;\wm0efay;csuf& NrdKUe,fusef;rma&;tp yawmfwkdYu NrdKUe,fpnfyifom,m
a&;tzGJUESihf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufygonf/ if;wkdYrSm NrdKUrusef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;;yif jzpfygonf/
(i) wkdufe,faq;kH
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f yef;ajrmif;aus;vufaq;ay;cef;ukd wkdufe,faq;kHtjzpf 1975 ckESpfwGif wkd;csJUvsuf
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ygonf/
rS w f c suf /
/ ukoay;onfh vlemrsm;pm&if;ukd azmfjyrIr&Sdyg/
(p) aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif&Sdaom aus;vufusef;rma&;Xmersm;wGif q&m0efrsm;r&Sdyg/ aus;vufusef;rma&;
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
39
Xme (4)ck&Sdygonf/
(1)
jym;acsmif;aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
(2)
Ow&maus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
(3)
arvGef;aus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
(4)
rif;&Gmaus;vufusef;rma&;Xme
1969-zGifh
1977-zGifh
1980-81 zGifh
1981-zGihf&efavQmufxm;
rS w f c suf /
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aqmif&u
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I ajctae
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(q) a'oE&usef;rma&;Xme
NrdKUe,fq&m0ef\ wm0efay;csuft& NrdKUrusef;rma&;XmeESihf rdcifESifh uav;wkdYapmihfa&Smufa&;
toif;wkdY yl;aygif;wm0ef,lcJhMuygonf/
(Z) rdcifESihfuav;apmihfa&Smufa&;toif;
(1)
rdcifESihfuav;apmifha&Smufa&;Xmeukd 1967 ck {NyDvwGif rif;jym;NrdKU jynfolYaq;kH

zGihfvSpfcJhygonf/ ,ck rdcifESihfuav;aq;ay;cef;ukd oD;jcm;taqmuftOD;tjzpf
aqmufvkyfqJ jzpfygonf?
(2)
rdcifESihfuav;apmihfa&Smufa&;0efxrf;tiftm;ukd yl;wGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/
(3)
zGifhpESpfrSp ,cktxd ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; atmufwGifazmfjyxm;onfhta&twGuftwkdif; jyKpk
apmihfa&SmufEkdifcJhygonf/
ukd,f0efaqmifrdcif
1300 - ausmf
arG;NyD;rdcif
350 - ausmf
arG;ay;&aomuav;
290 - cefY
5-ESpfatmufapmifha&Smufuav;rsm;
410 - cefY
5-ESpftwGif;t&G,f uav;apmihfa&SmufrI
426 - cefY
aq;ay;cef;zGihf&uf
243 - &uf
aq;cef;odkY vma&mufukool
3000 - ausmf
1980-81 b@ma&;ESpw
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oD;jcm;r&Sdyg/ pDrHudef;0ifNrdKUe,fjzpfojzihf 1981 ckESpfwGif pwifoifwef;ay;jcif;? NrdKUe,fynma&;
rSL;tm; &efukeftajccHOD;pD;Xme dEIdif;aqG;aEG;rIjzihf yrmPaqmif&Gufvsuf &Sdygonf/ ausmif;usef;rma&;
&ckid o
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vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
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pDru
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iSufzsm;a&m*gwkdufzsufa&;XmeESihf tqkwfa&m*gwkdufzsufa&;Xme(2)ck &Sdygonf/
aq;ay;cef;rsm;
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OD;pD;vQuf vufatmuf(2)OD;? pm&if;xdef;(2)OD;aygif; trIxrf;(3)OD;jzihf aqmif&Gufaeygonf/
a&m*gwku
d zf suaf &;Xme
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t&m&SdvufatmufwGif xm;NyD; tNrJwef;aq;jzeform;(2)OD;jzihf vkyfief;aqmif&Gufygonf/
usef;rma&;ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;
NrdKUe,fq&m0ef usef;rma&;t&m&SdwkdY OD;aqmifvQuf wpfNrdKUe,fvkH;wGif bufpkHa[majymyGJrsm;? ynm
ay;rIrsm;ukd usef;rma&;0efxrf;tm;vkH;u tcsdef&oa&GU? ynmay;aqmif&GufvQuf&Sdygonf/ aus;vufaq;
ay;cef;rsm;wGiv
f nf; aus;vufaevlxk use;f rma&;twGuf ukoa&;? umuG,af &;? use;f rma&;? ynmay;jcif;
rsm;ukd aqmif&Gufygonf/
jzpfymG ;wwfaoma&m*grsm;
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0ufoufa&m*g? wkwfauG;a&m*g? OD;aPSmuftarS;a&mifa&m*gESihf kd;kd;tzsm;rsm; jzpfyGm;wwfygonf/ vlaerI
tqifhtwef;edrfhusrIaMumihf jzpfyGm;aoma&m*grsm; (Oyrm) oHaumifa&m*g? 0rf;ukduf0rf;ysufa&m*gwkdYjzpfyg
onf/
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rxkd;ESH&ao;aomolrsm;ukd wESpftwGif;rSp vpOfvwkdif; usef;rma&;XmerS ausmufaq;rsm; xkd;ESHvQuf&Sd
ygonf/
rS w f c suf /
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H ed ;f csrw
S Nf y;D wku
d zf suaf eygonf/ (Oyrm) 1979 ckrpS pDru
H ed ;f csrw
S Nf y;D ( )aq;jzef;
jcif;wkdY jzpfygonf/
(#) zGm;aopm&if;
ck E S p f
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
zG m ;jrif o l
200
98
182
136
176
56
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98
97
61
42
69
13 (Mo*kwfvxd)
&ckid o
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pm&if;ray;aomolrsm;ESihf aoqkH;onfhtcg taMumif;raMumif;onfh olrsm; ryg0ifay/
1981-82 ckESpfrSp pDrHudef;csvQuf xkdzGm;onfpm&if;ukd pHepfwus taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef
pDpOfaqmif&GufvQuf &Sdygonf/
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NrdKUe,ftvkduf usef;rma&;0efxrf;tiftm;pm&if;ukd yll;wGJazmfjyygonf/
NrdKUe,ftvkduf usef;rma&;twGuf &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI

1966-67
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
144337d ^ 175683d ^ 236700d ^ 206477d ^ 212163d ^ 78805d ^ -
(yxrav;vokH;pGJaiGom)
or0g,raq;ay;cef;
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
1980 ck azazmf0g&Dv(7)&ufwGif pwifzGihfvSpfcJhonf/

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aygif; (4)OD;jzpfygonf/
ukoay;onfhvlem
(7-2-80)rS (30-1-81)aeYxd vlemaygif; 8783OD;&SdcJhNyD; wpfvtwGif;ysrf;rQvlemOD;a&rSm (550)rS
(600)txd &SdcJhygonf/
aiGaMu;okH;pGJa&;tajctae
aq;cef;q&m0efukd ykHaovpm(600d)usyftjyif vlemprf;oyfc&aiG\ 50%ukd ay;ygonf/
aq;cef;0efxrf;rsm;ukd EkdifiHawmfrS owfrSwfonfhtwkdif; csdefEIef;vpmjzihf cefYxm;vQuf&Sdygonf/
aq;cef;twGuf vkdtyfonfh tokH;p&dwfrsm;ukd oufqkdif&mNrddKUe,for0g,r toif;pDrHa&;&mrS
cGifhjyKcsufawmif;cHjcif;jzihf okH;pGJygonf/
aq;cef;BuD;Muyf&mwGif tzGJU0ifokH;OD;yg0ifaom aq;cef;BuD;Muyfa&;tzGJUrS BuD;Muyfygonf/
tjcm;vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm;
tvkyform;a&;&m
1960 ckESpfwGif tvkyform;aumifpDukd pwifzGJUpnf;cJhNyD; 1977 ckwGif tvkyform;tpnf;tkHukd
tqifhqifhjyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJhonf/ 1978 ckESpfwGif tvkyform;rsm; tvkyf&&Sda&;twGuf pwifaqmif&GufcJh
onf/ tvkyftukdif&&Sda&; tajctaejyZ,m;ukd yl;wGJazmfjyygonf/
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;

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txufiSufaysmacsmif;&GmrS OD;apmvSjzL\om;? apmvSkd touf(36)ESpfjzpfolonf &Srf;jynfe,f
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42
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avsmfaMu; 85%ukd &&SdcJh&m rif;jym;NrdKUe,f tvkyform;aumifpDrS wzefjyef avsmfaMu;aiG&vkdaMumif;
avQmufxm;cJ&h m NrKd Ue,ftvkyo
f rm;aumifp\
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I ajctae
tvkyform;oufomacsmifcsda&;ukd &nf&G,f rif;jym;NrdKUe,f oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJU (2)zGJU&SdcJh
ygonf/ ,if;wkdYrSm
(1)
pkaygif;kH;oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJU
(2)
ynma&;rdom;pk oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJUwkdYjzpfygonf/
pkaygif;kH;oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJU wkd;wuf&eftwGuf atmufygqyfaumfrwD (4)ckzGJUpnf;NyD;?
aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ if;wkdYrSm (1)toif;qkdifvkyfief; (2) usef;rma&;ESifhtm;upm; (3) oma&; ema&;
(4) pmayESihf ,Ofaus;rIwkdYjzpfygonf/
vpOfaMu;rsm;ukd
vpm
200d^-xd
1d^-EIef;
201d^-rS 400xd
2d^-EIef;
401d^-rS 700xd
3d^-EIef;
701d^-rS 1000d^-xd
4d ^ -EI e f ; xm;jzih f aumuf c H c J h & m ,ck x d &ef y k H a iG
8000d^-cefY &&SdcJhygonf/ toif;qkdif&mvkyfief;wGif vbuf&nfqkdifwpfqkdifukd kH;teD;wGif 1975 ckESpfrS
pwifzGihfvSpfcJhNyD;? tvkyform;rsm; aomufokH;Ekdif&ef aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
oma&;? ema&; qyfaumfrwDrS toif;om;(1)OD;? tdraf xmifjyKvQif 50d^-usy?f trsK;d orD;yg toif;0if
jzpfvQif 100d^- toif;0ifwpfOD;\ om;ukd &SifjyKvQif 50d^-usyf? toif;om;wpfOD;\ZeD; uG,fvGefvQif
150d^-? rdbaoqkH;vQif-100d^-? toif;om;wpfOD;\ (1)ESpftxufuav; qkH;vQif 75d^-usyf? wpfESpf
atmuf uav;qkH;vQif 50d^-usyf? tzGJU0ifwpfOD; (5)ESpfqufwkduf tzGJU0ifjzpfNyD; yifpif,lvQif 100dâxmufyhHygonf/
pmayESihf,Ofaus;rIaumfrwDrS toif;om;rsm; zwfIEkdif&ef pme,fZif;rsm;ukd vpOfrSm,l
vbuf&nfqkdifwGif xm;&Sdygonf/
ynma&;rdom;pk oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJUonf tvkyform;tpnf;tkH;\ rl0g't& pkaygif;kH;
oufomacsmifcsda&;tzGJUuJhodkYyif aqmif&Gufygonf/
MuufajceDvyk if ef;
NrdKUe,fMuufajceDtzGJUukd 1968 ck 'DZifbmv(2)&ufaeY pwiftvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUukd atmufazmf
jyygyk*dKvfrsm;ESihf zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/
1/
a'gufwmausmfvS
NrdKUe,fq&m0ef
OuX
2/
OD;apmarmif
w&m;rw&m;olBuD;
'kOuX
3/
OD;ausmfvSatmif
atmuf&Gmykdif;
'kOuX
4/
OD;armifjzL
rD;owft&m&Sd
twGif;a&;rSL;
5/
OD;odef;atmif
ynmtkyf
wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;
6/
OD;armifa&Tausmf
aiGwkdufpma&;
aiGxdef;
7/
OD;armifvkH;
aps;a[mif;ykdif;
tzGJU0if
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
43
8
9
10/
11/
OD;vGef;omatmif
atmuf&Gmykdif;
tzGJU0if
OD;armifausmfol
*rf;r&Gm
tzGJU0if
a':rpdefvS
tv,fykdif;
tzGJU0if
a':at;omcsKd
tv,fykdif;
tzGJU0if
1968 ckESpfwGif toif;0ifESihf olemjyKwyfzGJU0if pkpkaygif; (120)&SdcJhNyD; wyfzGJUrSL;rSm tpkd;&txuf
wef;ausmif;rS? txufwef;jyq&m OD;atmifrif;u wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhygonf/ if;ESpfwGifyif yxrtBudrf
oifwef;q&m(8)OD;ESifh oifwef;om; (120)OD;jzifh oifwef;zGihfvSpfcJhygonf/ xkdjyif 'kwd,tBudrf MuufajceD
oifwef;ukdvnf; zGihfvSpfEkdifcJhygonf/
MuufajceDwyfzGJUrSL;tygt0if MuufajceDwyfzGJU0ifrsm; 0wfpkHjynfh wyfqifEkdifcJhygonf/ MuufajceD
twGuf aq;0g;ypnf;ukd NrdKUe,fjynfolYaq;kHrS ulnDcJhygonf/ MuufajceDwyfzGJUrSm NrdKUe,fabmvkH;yGJrsm;wGif
olemjyKtjzpf aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ MuufajceDwyfzGJUukd ygwDOD;aqmifrI? NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD\ BuD;MuyfrIjzihf
NrdKUe,fygwD,lepfwGif 3-10-80 aeYwGif jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/
NrdKUe,folemjyKwyfzGJU? wyfpk(2)pk? wyfpdyf(4)pdyf? &Jabmftiftm; (44)OD;jzihf t&m&Sdtqifhukdvnf;
aumif;? wyfzGJUzGJUpnf;ykHtwkdif; &efukefNrdKU MuufajceDA[kdXmecsKyfokdY tpD&ifcHNyD; zGJUpnf;EkdifcJhygonf/
1981ck aEG&moDwGif MuufajceDtajccHtqifh oifwef;ukd tpkd;&txufwef;ausmif;wGif zGihfvSpfEdkif
cJhygonf/ xkdoifwef;ukd oifwef;om;rsm; tcsdefjynfhwufa&mufcJhNyD; atmifjrifaMumif; oifwef;vufrSwf
rsm;ukd w&m;0ifMuufajceDtoif; OuXrS cs;D jri chf yhJ gonf/ wwd,tBurd f jynfov
Yl w
T af wmfEiS fh jynfoaYl umifpD
tqifq
h ifah &G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufyw
JG iG f ygwD\OD;aqmifr?I aumifp\
D Bu;D MuyfrI vrf;pOfvil ,f pnf;k;H a&;aumfrwD
\ pnf;kH;vIHYaqmfrIjzihf rJqE&Sifvkyfom;jynfolrsm;tm; tvkyftauR;jyK&ef (14-9-81)aeYu wm0efay;tyf
yGJ usif;yEdkifcJhygonf/ yxrtBudrfESihf 'kwd,tBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh jynfolYaumifpDtqifhqifh a&G;cs,f
wifajrmufyGJwGifvnf; NrdKUe,ftwGif; rJqEykHrsm;tm; o,f,ljcif;? oufBuD;&G,ftkdrsm;tm; ulnDjcif;rsm;ukd
tm;BudK;rmefwuf aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
NrKd Ue,frD;owfwyfzUJG
1952 ckEpS w
f iG f rif;jym;NrKd U apwemh0efxrf; t&efr;D owfwyfzUJG ukd pwifzUJG pnf;cJo
h nf/ wyfzUJG tiftm;
(10)jzihf zGUJ pnf;cJo
h nf/ t&efr;D owfwyfzUJG onf Bu;D Muyfa&;aumfrwD\ OD;aqmifru
I dk cH,al omtzGUJ jzpfonf/
Bu;D Muyfa&;aumfrwDukd NrKd Uay:rSvBl u;D rsm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;xm;onf/ t&efr;D owfwyfzUJG zGUJ pnf;&onfh &nf&,
G cf suf
rsm;rSm NrdKUay:&Sdvli,frsm;taejzihf rD;ab;BudKwifumuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;? rD;avmifuRrf;rIjzpfyGm;vmygu
rD;Nidrf;owfrIvkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfaqmifMu,if; tjcm;vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf vli,f
rsm;ukd avhusihfay;&ef jzpfayonf/ vIyf&Sm;rIvkyfief;rsm;wGif trJa&mifwlnD0wfpkHukd 0wfqifMuonf/
vIyf&Sm;rIvkyfief;rsm;wGif pepfwusjzpfap&ef ppfa&;jyoifwef; zGihfvSpfavhusihfay;cJhonf/ NrdKUay:wGif
rD;ab;BudKwifumuG,fa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd BudK;yrf;aqmif&GufMujcif; rD;Nidrf;owfa&;vkyfief;rsm;rSm tpGrf;ukef
yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;wkdYaMumihf 1965 ckESpfwGif wkdif;rif;BuD;rS qkawmfaiGusyf (200d^-)csD;jrifhcHcJh&onf/
1975 ckESpf rwfv(1)&ufaeYu wpfNrdKUvkH; rD;avmifuRrf;&mwGif rD;owfum; rD;owftaqmuftOD;?
rD;owfum;kHESihf rD;owfypnf;rsm; rD;avmifuRrf;jcif;cH& usyf(5700d^-)zkd; qkH;IH;cHcJh&onf/ t&efrD;owf
wyfzGJUvnf; taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumihf NydKuGJcJh&onf/ 1976 ckESpfwGif t&efrD;owfwyfzGJUukd wyfzGJU0if(24)OD;?
wyfpkrSL;(1)OD;? wm0efcH(1)OD;? aygif;tiftm; (26)OD;jzihf jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cJhonf/ NrdKUe,fygwD,lepfESihf NrdKUe,f
jynfolYaumifpDwkdY\ vrf;TefBuD;MuyfrIukd cH,lcJhonf/ wyfzGJU0ifrsm;ukd rD;owfoifwef;zGihfvSpfNyD; avhusifhay;
cJhonf/ vuf&SdwyfzGJU zGJUpnf;ykHrSm NrdKUrwGif wyfpk(2)pk wyfpkrSL;(2)OD;? wyfMuyfBuD; (2)OD;? wyfpdwfrSL;
(8)OD;? 'kwyfpdwfrSL; (8)OD;? wyfzGJU0if (32)OD;aygif; (52)OD;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;NyD;? yef;ajrmif;aus;&GmtkyfpkwGif
wyfpkwpfpk? wyfpkrSL;(1)OD;? wyfMuyfBuD;(1)OD; wyfpdwfrSL; (4)OD;? 'kwyfpdwfrSL; (4)OD;? wyfzGJU0if (16)OD;?
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
44
aygif; (26)OD;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;onf/ NrdKUrt&efrD;owfwyfzGJUwGif taqmuftOD;(1)ck? arQmfpif(1)ck? tayghpm;

rD;owfpuf(1)vkH;? (rMumcPysuf rD;owf&mwGif tokH;r0if rD;owfa&pkwfykdufay (300) (pkwfNyJae
tokH;r0if) a&AkH;i,f(20)ck vufqifhurf;rD;Nidrf;owf&ef) rD;owfaygufqdef(15)ck &Sdonf/
1952 ckESpfrS 1975 ckESpftwGif; rD;owfwyfzGJUrSL;wm0efukd OD;ausmfZHvS(w&m;Od;pD;Xme) OD;armifjzL
(ynma&;) ESifh OD;atmifZHa0 (atmuf&Gmykdif;&yfuGuf)wkdYrS tqifhqifhvTJajymif; wm0ef,laqmif&GufcJhMuonf/
1976 ckESpfrS 1981 ckESpftwGif; wyfzGJUrSL;wm0efukd OD;atmifausmfodef; (NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpDkH;)ESihf
OD;a&Tausmaf tmif (NrKd Ue,fo^rOD;pD;Xme) wkrYd S wm0ef,al qmif&u
G cf MhJ uNy;D 1982 ckEpS rf S ,aeYxd OD;vSarmifom
(NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpDkH;)rS wm0ef,laqmif&GufvQuf&Sdonf/
tm;upm;ESihfajy;ckefypf
ppfBudKacwf tm;upm;vIyf&Sm;rI/
abmvk;H uefjcif; tm;upm;om&Scd NhJ y;D ? tjcm;abmfvaD bm? bwfpuwfabm? Muufawmifu
dk jf cif;rsm;
r&SdcJhyg/
ausmif;wGif; tm;upm;ESihf um,ynm/

1934-1942xd/ &yfuu
G af bmvk;H yGrJ sm;? NrKd Ue,faygif;pkaH bmvk;H yGrJ sm;ukd ppfawGNrKd UodYk oGm;a&mufupm;
cJhMuygonf/ &JXmersm;ESihf ausmif;wGif;rsm;wGif ajy;yGJNydKifyGJrsm; &SdcJhygonf/
NrdKUe,ftqif/h 1948 ck aemufykdif;

1948ckESpfrSp vGwfvyfa&;aeYajy;yGJ? NydKifyGJrsm;ukd rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif pOfqufrjywf usif;yvmcJhyg
onf? 1948 ckrS 1951 ckESpftxd &yfuGufabmfvkH;NydKifyGJ? Xmeqkdif&mabmvkH;NydKifyGJrsm;ukd usif;ycJhMuonf/
ausif;wGif;abmvkH;NydKifyGJrsm;ESihf ausmif;wGif;ajy;ckefypf NydKifyGJrsm;ukdvnf; ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; usif;yvmcJhygonf/
1952ckESpfwGif ppfawGckdif&Sd NrdKUe,ftvkduf abmvkH;NydKifyGJrsm;ukd pwifusif;yvmcJhygonf/ odkY
ppfawGNrdKUwGif rif;jym;NrdKUe,f vufa&G;piftoif; (1952)rS pyif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifvmcJh&m 1959 ckESpfwGif
rif ; jym;vuf a &G ; pif t oif ; onf pwif A k d v f p G J c J h y gonf / 1961-62 ck E S p f r S p 1965-66ck E S p f t xd
(5)ESpfqufwkduf AkdvfpGJcJhygonf/
NrdKUe,ftm;upm;orm;rsm;taejzihf wkdif;ESifhjynfe,fabmvkH;yGJrsm;wGif abmvkH;orm;rsm; ukd,fpm;
jyK a&G;cs,fcHcJh&ygonf/
(1) armifapmvS
(1953-1954)
(2) odef;acs
(1963-1964-1966)
1966 ckESpf atmufjrefrmjynfvufa&G;pif
1969 ckESpf &efukefpnfyifom,ma&; yxrwef;abmvkH;toif;
(3) pkdif;jrifhatmif
(1975-1976)
1976 ckESpf wkdif;ESihfjynfe,f abmvkH;vl&nfcRef(33)OD;wGif yg0ifonf/
(4) armifa&Tom
(1976 ckESpf)
(5) apmvSarmif
(1979-1980)
NrdKUe,fabmvkH;oifwef;om; enf;jytaejzihf 1966 ckESpf EkdifiHjcm; k&Sm;enf;jyq&m? Akd*ifaumhESihf
jrefrmvufa&G;pifenf;jyq&m OD;apmvuf&Da'G;wkdY OD;aqmifzGihfvSpfaom oifwef;odkY rif;jym;NrdKUe,frS
OD;odef;acs wufa&mufcJhNyD;? 1979 ckESpf jrefrmhvufa&G;pif OD;armifarmifwifESihf jynfe,ftm;ûmrS
OD;pD;zGihfvSpfaom abmvkH;enf;jyoifwef;odkY OD;atmifpHomESihf OD;vSodef;wkdY wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/
1966 ckESpf &efukef'kdifvlBuD;tzGJUOuX OD;bodef;zGifhvSpfcJhonhf 'kdifoifwef;okdY rif;jym;NrdKUe,frS
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
45
OD;ode;f acswufa&mufcNhJ y;D ? 1978 ckEpS f OD;wifE(k oHw)JG / 1981 ck Mo*kwv

f (26)&ufaeYrS &efuek Nf rKd U 'kid v
f Bl u;D 0
tzGUJ 0if OD;wifatmif(tm&Svufa&G;pif*;dk orm;)OD;aqmifziG v
fh pS o
f nfh oifwef;odYk OD;armifnyD Ek iS fh OD;armifEak cs
wkdY wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/
tm;upm;NydKifyGJrsm;ukd ,cifcdkifvkduf usif;ycJhNyD; 1974 ckESpfrSpwif ZkHe,fvkdufowfrSwf,SOfNydKif
cJhygonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,fonf ajrmufOD;? ykPm;uRef;? ausmufawmfponfhNrdKUe,frsm; tygt0if ZkH(2)wGif
yg0if,SOfNydKifcJh&ygonf/ ykH(2)tm;upm;NydKifyGJukd NrdKUe,f(4)NrdKUe,fwGif tvSnhfus,SOfNydKifvmcJh&m (1977)ckESpf
wGif rif;jym;NrKdUe,frSm pnfum;okdufNrdKufpGm vufcHusif;yEkdifcJhygonf/ wzef 1981 ckESpfrSp rif;jym;NrdKUe,f
ZkH(2)twGif;? rif;jym;? ajrykH? aygufawmNrdKUe,frsm;yg0ifaom ZkH(5) yg0if,SOfNydKif&ef tpDtpOf&SdcJhygonf/
ZkH (5)abmvk;H NyKd iyf u
JG dk rif;jym;NrKd Ue,fwiG f pnfum;oku
d Nf rKd upf mG usi;f yEdik &f ef vkt
d yfrnfh qyfaumfrwD
wpf&yfukd zGJUpnf; wuf<upGm vIyf&Sm;vQuf&SdMuygonf/
tjcm;tm;upm;taejzihf rif;jym;NrdKUe,frS OD;atmifausmfodef;ESihf OD;armifausmfxGef;? OD;ausmfrif;wkdY
onf? 1973 ckESpf? 1975 ckESpfrsm;wGif NrdKUe,ftvkduf ]]ppfwk&if}}NydKifyGJwGif 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifcJhNyD; 1975ckESpfwGif tzGJUvkduf'kdif;qkESihf wpfOD;csif; ]]yxrqk}}ukd OD;atmifausmfodef;u csD;jrifhjcif;cHcJh&NyD; &ckdifjynfe,f
ppfbk&iftm;upm;orm;tjzpf &efukefNrdKUokdY oGm;a&muf,SOfNydKifcJh&ygonf/
1979 ckESpf NrdKUe,faygif;pkH ajy;ckHypfNydKifyGJwGif rif;jym;NrdKUe,frS ajy;ckHypftm;upm;orm; ra&TckdifGefY
onf rDwm(400)vufqihu
f rf; tajy;orm;tjzpf wkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,fajy;ckeyf pf NyKd iyf u
JG kd uk,
d pf m;jyK a&G;cs,jf cif;
cHcJh&ygonf/ 1977 ckESpfwGif jynfolY&JwyfzGJUrS jrifhodef;onf vkduf(z)0dwfwef;vufa0SUNydKifyGJwGif ]]yxrqk}}
&&SdcJhNyD; wkdif;ESihfjynfe,fvufa&G;piftjzpf a&G;cs,fjcif; cHcJh&ygonf/ jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpf vrf;pOfygwDu
OD;aqmifrIjzihf 'DZifbmvukd tm;upm;vtjzpf owfrSwfcJhNyD;aemuf ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; vkyfom;jynfolwpf&yfvkH;
yg0ifaom vlxkvIyf&Sm;rItoGif jyKvkyfcJhMuygonf/
vlxkynmay;vkyfief;
1960 ck arvwGif jynfolYpmMunhfwdkufukd pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ tcsKdU&yfuGufrsm;? 0goemyg&m?
ukd,fxlukd,fxpmMunhfwkdufi,frsm;vnf; tESHYtjym;wnf&SdcJhygonf/
Oyrm ]]apmjynfkd}}
trsKd;orD;pmMunhfwkduf
txu pmMunhfwkduf
NrKd Ur pmMunhw
f u
dk rf sm; jzpfMuygonf/ ,if;uk,
d x
f u
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dk x
f pmMunhw
f u
dk w
f iG f
0goemygvkyfief;t& pmzwftxkH&Sdonfh vkyfom;jynfolrsm;? rdrdwdkY\&if;ESD;&m eD;pyf&mpmMunhfwkdufwGif
MunhfIavhvmMuonf/
jynfe,frS xkwfa0onfh owif;pm? r*Zif;? pmapmifrsm;taejzihf &ckdifwefaqmif]]r*Zif;}}tjyif
&ckdifjynfe,fpmapmifrsm;ukd vlxkynmay;vkyfief;taejzihf zwfIavhvmMuygonf/
a&'D,kdynmay;vkyfief;
kyf&Sif? Zmwfobif? aw;oHomtzGJUrsm;
vlxak zsmaf jza&;vkyif ef;rsm;
1966 ckESpfcefYwGif &marmifaw;oHwD;0kdif; &SdcJhygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
46
pD;yGm;a&;
v,f,mu@
ajr,mESihf awmifolv,form;rsm;
ajr,mpepf
(u) ya'o&mZfacwftajctae
&Sib
f &k ifrsm;acwfu v,fajrtcGeaf wmfudk uRe;f tkyrf sm;xHrS wku
d f u
dk af umufcyH gonf/ uRe;f tkyrf sm;
u wpfzef v,f,mvkyfukdifaeMuolxHrS aumufcHygonf/ aumufcHonfh EIef;xm;rSm ajrtrsKd;tpm;tvkduf
aumufcHjcif;r[kwfbJ ajrtus,ft0ef;ay:wGifom aumufcHygonf/ &ckdif&Sifbk&ifacwfukefNyD; t*Fvdyf
tkyfcsKyfvmaomtcg ajrtwef;tpm; ajrtrsKd;tpm;ay:wGif rlwnfum ajypmrsm;xkwfNyD; ajrtrsKd;tpm;
tvkduf ajrtwef;tpm;tvkduf EIef;xm;rsm; owfrSwfum aumufcHapygonf/ xkdtcsdefu &yf&Gmtvkduf
olBuD;rsm;cefYxm;NyD; olBuD;rsm;ukd aumufckdif;ygonf/ olBuD;rsm;u aumufcHctwGuf 10%jzihf ckdifaMu;aiG
ukd cHpm;cGi&hf ydS gonf/ ppfrjzpfrD tcsed u
f mvtxd ,if;uJo
h Ykd tcGeaf wmfaumufco
H nhpf epfudk usio
hf ;Hk cJyh gonf/
(c) ppfNyD;acwf tajctae

1940-41 ckESpf t*FvdyfwkdY xGufcGmNyD;aemufykdif; zqyvtpkd;&acwfwGif v,fykdif&Sifrsm;ukd v,fiSg;
rpm;& v,fcray;aqmif&[k trdefYaMumfjimpmxkwfNyD; ajrwGif vuf&SdvkyfukdifolwkdYtm; v,fajrrsm;
aumif;rGev
f map&eftwGuf ajrm ufpm;vmygonf/ v,fajrrsm;ukd wk;d csUJ vkyu
f idk Ef idk &f eftwGuf v,fwpf{uukd
75d^-EIef;xkwfacs;jcif; &SdcJhonfhtwGuf v,f,majrrsm; topfay:xGufvmcJhygonf/ awmajrzkH;ajrrsm;ukdrl
xkwaf cs;jcif;rjyKcahJ omfvnf; ckwx
f iG &f iS ;f vif; ok;H ESpw
f idk w
f idk f tcGev
f w
G f vkyu
f idk pf m;aomufciG fh jyKcyhJ gonf/
,if;okdYjzihf v,f,majrrsm; ay:xGufvmcJhygonf/ tcGefawmfukdrl tpkd;&u ajrtrsKd;tpm; ajrtwef;tpm;
tvkduf EIef;oifhum aumufcHcJhygonf/ aumufcHjcif;ukd olBuD;rsm;rSwqifh aumufcHay;oGif;apNyD; olBuD;rsm;
tm; 10%jzihf ckdifaMu;aiGcHpm;apygonf/
(*) qkd&S,fvpfacwftajctae
1962 ckESpf awmfvSefa&;aumifpDwufvmNyD; qkd&S,fvpfacwfukd xlaxmifaomtcg ajr,mpepfukd
topfwzefjyKvkyfum usihfokH;vmcJhygonf/ v,f,majrrsm; ykdifqkdifcGifhukd kwfodrf;vmygonf/ okdYjzihf
v,f,majrykdifqkdifol[l r&SdawmhbJ v,f,mvkyfukdifcGihfomvQif &SdvmcJhygonf/ vuf&Sdvkyfukdifaeol
vkyfukdifEkdifolrsm;ukdom v,fvkyfukdifcGihfay;NyD; awmifolv,form; vlwef;pm; tzGJUtpnf; zGJUpnf;jcif;?
ajr,maumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;jzihf awmifolv,form;rsm; tcGifhta&; &ykdifcGifhrsm;ukd a&;qGJumpepfwus
jyKvkyfvmcJhygonf/ awmifolv,form;rsm;tm; xGef,ufp&dwf pkdufysKd;p&dwf &dwfodrf;p&dwf ponfjzihf
tvDvyD idk ;f jcm;um acs;aiGrsm; xkwaf cs;rI jyKvyk v
f mcJyh gonf/ odjYk zihf awmifov
l ,form;rsm; pdw"f mwfwuf
<uEk;d <um;vmum v,f,majrrsm;ukd tifwu
dk t
f m;wku
d f azmfxw
k v
f yk u
f idk v
f mcJyh gonf/ v,f,majrajrmufrsm;
pGm ay:xGuv
f mcJMh uygonf/ pku
d yf sK;d oD;ESrH sm;ukv
d nf; a&ajrobm0tavsmuf ok;H oyfum pDru
H ed ;f pDrcH surf sm;
jyKvkyf pkdufysKd;vmapcJhygonf/ pyg;twGufrl txGufwkd;pyg;rsm;jzpfaom rsKd;aumif;rsKd;oefYpyg;rsm;tm;
odyeH nf;us pku
d yf sK;d vmapcJyh gonf/ wpfo;D pku
d rf S ESpo
f ;D pku
d ?f oD;xyfo;D ypf u
dk f ponfjzihf wk;d csUJ vkyu
f idk v
f map
cJo
h jzihf v,form;rsm; aiGaMu;acsmifvnfvmMuygonf/ tpk;d &rSvnf; ,ckqv
dk Qif pku
d yf sK;d p&dwx
f w
k af cs;aiGudk
kd;kd;pyg;twGuf 70d^-EIef;jzifhvnf;aumif; txGufwkd;pyg;twGuf 140d^-EIef;jzihf xkwfacs;vmcJhojzihf
v,form;rsm; acsmifvnfpGm xGef,ufpkdufysKd;vmEdkifMuNyD; pyg;txGufwkd;um pdwfcsrf;omrIrsm; &&SdvmcJhyg
onf/
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47
ajrcGefawmfukdrl ajrtrsKd;tpm;? twef;tpm;tvkduf wGufcsufum ajypmxkwfNyD; &yfuGufaus;&Gm

aumifprD sm;tm; wm0ef,al umufcaH pygonf/ aumufccH twGuf 10%tjzpf ckid af Mu;aiGudk cHpm;cGijhf yKonf/
ajrtok;H csrt
I ajctae
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd v,f,majrrsm;ukd &ckdif&Sifbk&ifrsm; vufxufu pyg;pkdufysKd;jcif;? pm;okH;oD;
yifrsm; pkdufysKd;jcif;wkdYukd jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; pm&if;Z,m; wduspGm rSwfwrf;wifxm;jcif; r&SdcJhyg/
t*Fvdyftpkd;&tkyfcsKyfvmaomtcgrSomvQif tdEd,jynfrS ajrwkdif;ynm&Sifrsm;ukd ac:,lvQuf pepfwus
wkdif;wmjcif; pm&if;ajrykHrsm; jyKpkjcif;wkdYukd jyKvkyfvmcJhygonf/ ,if;tcsdefrSpwif ajr,mtokH;csrItajc
taeudk wduspmG rSww
f rf;wifum pm&if;jyKpx
k m;vmEdik cf yhJ gonf/ ajr,mtok;H csrI tajctaerSm acwftvku
d f
trsKd;rsKd;tajymif;tvJrsm; &SdcJhygonf/
(u) t*Fvdyfpkd;ykdifcsdef
t*Fvdyfpkd;ykdifcsdeftcgwGif NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd awmifolv,form;wkdYrSm oufarG;0rf;ausmif;twGuf
v,f,majrukd t"duxm;NyD; vkyfukdifpm;aomufMuygonf/ if;tcsdeftwGif; vkyfukdifrI tajctaerSm
v,fukd uRJEGm;wkdYjzihf xGef,ufNyD; pyg;ukd BuJyufMuygonf/ ysKd;axmifNyD; pkdufysKd;jcif; tavhtvmr&SdonfrSm
1978ckESpfwkdifcJhygonf/ pkdufysKd;onfh pyg;wkdYrSmvnf; pmypDpyg;îg;&mbkdpyg; iBudrfoD;pyg;^yef;eDvmpyg;
wkdYukdom 0rf;pmxm;&efESifh a&mif;cspm;&ef pkdufysKd;Muygonf/ aemufpyg;pkdufysKd;NyD; aEG&moDtcsdeftwGif;
rdrpd m;ok;H &eftwGuf ocGm;^ zk^H a&Tzk^H bl;ûif;pGe;f ^csOaf ygifûif;pGe;f ajrmufO;D ^MuufoeG ^f ajymif;zl;^
c&rf;îkyf^ rkHvm^ yJokH;rsKd; av;rsKd; rkHif;pkdufavhpkdufx &SdMuygonf/ a&iHykdif;wGif pyg;rSwyg; tjcm;oD;ESH
rsm; pkdufysKd;cif;rsm; vkyfukdifaomfvnf; atmifjrifrIr&Sd pkdufysKd;jcif;rsm; r&SdMuyg/
(c) zqyvpkd;ykdifcsdef
zqyvpk;d ykid cf sed t
f cgwGiv
f nf; v,f,mvkyu
f idk Mf uaom awmifov
l ,form;wkrYd mS t*Fvyd pf ;dk ykid cf sed f
tcgwGif pkdufysKd;vkyfukdifaom pyg;rsm;ukdom xGef,ufpkdufysKd;Muygonf/ [if;oD;[if;&Gufrsm;ukdvnf; rdrdwkdY
pkdufysKd;aom [if;oD;[if;&Gufukdom pkdufysKd;Muygonf/
(*) qkd&S,fvpfacwftcsdef
qkd&S,fvpfacwftcsdefwGif v,f,mvkyfukdifMuaom awmifolv,form;wkdYrSm odyHenf;usus
ysK;d axmifNy;D ysK;d pku
d Mf uygonf/ pyg;pku
d yf sK;d onfh pyg;trsK;d tpm;rSm txufcsed t
f cgu pku
d yf sK;d aom pyg;rsm;ukd
y,f ,cka&T0gxGe;f ^pD 4-63^pdew
f av;^&mausm^f a&Twqky^f zk;d aumfBu;D ^ qifo&D ^d pyg;rsm;ukd ysK;d axmif
NyD; pkdufysKd;Muygonf/ aqmif;oD;ESHrsm;wkdYrSmvnf; trsKd;aygif;ajrmufrsm;pGm pkdufysKd;vQuf&SdMuygonf/ okdYaomf
vnf; tjcm;e,frsm;okdY a&mif;csEdkifatmif r&Sdyg i^kyfoD;ESHwpfckwnf;om NrdKUe,frS wjcm;e,fajrodkY
a&mif;csEdkifaMumif; wifjyygonf/
,ckvuf&SdtajctaewGif rif;jym;NrdKUe,f pyg;oD;ESHukd t"duxm;NyD; NrdKUe,fvkH;uRwf pyg;txl;
txGufwkd;vkyfief;ukd vkyfukdifvQuf&Sdygonf/
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48
ajr,mtok H ;csrI tajctaerS m atmuf ygtwk d if ; jzpf ygonf /
pOf
1
u
c
*
C
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
taMumif ;t&m
pk d ufysKd ;{&d ,m
v,fajr{&d,m
,majr{&d,m
O,sOf
"ed
tom;wif pk d uf{u vS yf ajr{&d ,m
oD;oefYopfawmBudK;0kdif;
oD;oefYr[kwfaomopfawm
pkdufysKd;Ekdifaomajrkdif;
pm;usuf{&d,m
vrf;ajr
qnfajrmif;
jrpfacsmif;a&atmuf
pufkHajr
&Gmajr
omoemokeftaqmuftOD;
trsKd;tpm;cGJjcm;jcif;rjyKEdkifajr
pkpkaygif;{u
66742
826
786
1261
69615
8439
302400
13742
13715
240
739
17255
10
2182
185
405182
856616
21854
117
515
426
22912
ta&;BuD;aomoD;ESHrsm;\ pkdufysKd;rItajctae
'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrDup rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftaejzifh pyg;onf t"du ta&;BuD;qkH;oD;ESHjzpfonhf
tjyif pkduf{&d,mtaejzihfvnf; trsm;qkH;jzpfygonf/ pyg;tjyif? ikyf? rkHnif;? ajryJ? tmvl;ESihf yJtrsKd;rsKd;
vnf; tenf;i,fpD pkdufysKd;Muygonf/
pyg;
pyg;onf NrdKUe,f\ta&;tBuD;qkH;ESihf pkduf{&d,m{u trsm;qkH;pkdufysKd;oD;ESHjzpfNyD; NrdKUe,fpkduf {&d,m
{utm;vkH;\ (93.5%)cefYjzpfonf/ 'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrDu NrdKUe,f\pyg;pkduf{&d,m{urSm &Spfaomif;ESpf
axmifausmfjzpfNyD; 'kwd,urmppfNyD;aemufykdif;wGif ajcmufaomif;ajcmufaxmifausmf &Sdygonf/
NrdKUe,ftwGif; pyg;pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrI tajctaerSm 'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrDESihf ppfNyD;acwf rSmzuf
txd NrdKUe,ftwGif; pm;okH;&ef jynfhpkHvkHavmufonfomru tjcm;okdYyg wifykdYa&mif;csEkdifonfh tajctae
&Sdygonf/ NrdKUe,ftwGif; rDSwif;aexkdifMuaom vlOD;a&tm;vkH;\ t"durSDckdtm;xm;&onfh oD;ESHjzpfygonf/
'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrDuqkdvQif pyg;oD;ESHwpfckwnf;ukd t"duxm; pkdufysKd;cJhMu&m rkd;av0oESihf
&ckid o
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49
&moDOwkaumif;rGef pyg;txGufrsm;aom ESpfrsm;wGif awmifolv,form;rsm;tm;vkH; pm;0wfaea&;ESihf

tjcm;vlrIa&;vkdtyfcsufrsm; jynhfpkHzlvkH om,mat;csrf;Muovkd NrdKUe,f&Sd tjcm;vlwef;pm;rsm;taejzihf
vnf; qefpyg;ukd aps;EIef;csKdompGmjzihf 0,f,lpm;aomuf&ojzihf pm;aomufaexkdifa&; tqifajyMuygonf/
tu,frkd;av0oESihf &moDOwk ykd;rTm;a&m*gponfwkdY azmufjyefzsufqD;usa&muf pyg;txGuftBuD;
tus,f usqif;cJo
h nfEh pS rf sm;wGiu
f m; awmifov
l ,form;rsm;ESifh NrKd Ue,fvx
l w
k pf&yfv;Hk rSm a<u;wifNru
D sjzpf
NyD; pm;0wfaea&;tcuftcJrsm;ESihf xdyfwkdufawGUcJhMu&ayonf/ onfrSm NrdKUe,fvlxkwpf&yfvkH;twGuf
qefpyg;pkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief;onf rnfrQta&;ygt&ma&mufaMumif; odomxif&Sm;ayonf/
NrdKUe,ftwGif; qefpyg;pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrItajctaeukd ESpftvkduf atmufygtwkdif; azmfjy
tyfygonf/
c kE Sp f
p kdu f{ u
at m i f { u
t x Gu fE Ie f; t x Gu fw i f;
r S w f c su f
1937-38
1937-38ESSi fh 1945-46
1962-63
65637
65637
ckE Sp f rsm;t w Gu f
1963-64
71690
71690
pm&if; Z, m;rsm;r&Sdy g/
1964-65
66208
65571
35.38
2319727
1965-66
65208
65155
36.22
2359618
1966-67
65510
58881
36.59
1801240
1967-68
61645
58995
33.16
1956109
1968-69
61442
58875
34.49
2030715
1969-70
63587
62361
34.69
2063619
1970-71
63252
61692
34.66
2130246
1971-72
63573
62467
34.77
2172001
1972-73
63561
62629
33.37
2089259
1973-74
63674
63352
35.08
2222335
1974-75
64189
62444
35.16
2195178
1975-76
64284
64074
35. 9
2300247
1976-77
64286
61073
35.34
2158320
1977-78
64035
64015
35.33
2261549
1978-79
65642
65279
37.09
2422758
1979-80
66188
65688
42.07
2763231
1980-81
66240
65740
56.21
3695259
NrdK Ue, fv kH; u Rw f

t x l; t x Gu fw kd;
txufyg Z,m;rsm;ukd avhvmMunhfjcif;tm;jzihf rif;jym;NrdKUe,f\ESpftvkduf pyg;pkduf{&d,m{urSm

wpfESpfESihfwpfESpf rsm;pGmjcm;em;rI r&Sdyg/ 1968-69 ckESpf&ckdifjynfe,favrkefwkdif;BuD;aMumifh um&dwmwrHrsm;
usKd;aygufysufpD;jcif;? v,fajrrsm; qm;iH&nfvTrf;rdk;jcif;? uRJEGm;ESihf ysKd;pyg;rsm; aoausysufpD;jcif;rsm;aMumihf
pkduf{&d,m{u tedrfhqkH;okdY a&muf&SdcJh&NyD; wjznf;jznf;jyefvnfjyKjyif wkd;csJUpkdufysKd;vmEdkifcJhygonf/
pyg;wpf{utxGufEIef;rsm;rSmvnf; (33.35)wif; ywf0ef;usifwGif &SdaecJhNyD; txl;txGufwkd;{u
waxmifaqmif&Gufonfh 1978-79ckESpfrS pNyD; wpfNrdKUe,fvkH; txl;txGufwkd;ukd vkyfukdifaqmif&Gufonfh
ESpftxd (37.56)wif;xd wjznf;jznf;wkd;wuf&&SdvmcJhygonf/
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50
ikyf
ikyfonf NrdKUe,ftwGif; pyg;NyD;vQif toifhtwifh0ifaiGaumif;aom pkdufysKd;oD;ESHwpfck jzpfygonf/

vGefcJhaom 15-20ESpfavmufrSp ikyfukd wpfESpfwpfESpf pD;yGm;jzpf wkd;csJUpkdufysKd;vmcJhMuygonf/
'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrD ikyfukd rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; ,ckuJhodkY pD;yGm;jzpf trsm;tjym;pkdufysKd;Mujcif;
r&SdMuao;yg/ rdrdwkdYtdrfwGif; pm;okH;&efrQ 10%cefYaom awmifolrsm;u tenf;i,fpDom pkdufysKd;rI &SdMuyg
onf/
'kwd,urmppftNyD; 1945 ckESpfaemufykdif;wGif ikyfukd wjznf;jznf; tenf;i,fpDwkd;csJUpkdufysKd;vmcJh
Muygonf/ ikyfwpf{upkdufysKd;ukefusp&dwf BuD;jrifhaomfvnf; pkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfol awmifolrsm;twGuf
pD;yGm;a&;wGuaf jcudu
k rf I 0ifaiGaumif;rIwaYdk Mumifh wpfEpS x
f ufwpfEpS yf rdk dk wk;d csUJ pku
d yf sK;d vmcJMh u&m pku
d {f &d,mrSm
vnf; 1980-81 ckESpfwGif {uwpfaxmifhokH;&mausmftxd &SdvmcJhygonf/
1980-81ckESpf ikyfpkdufysKd;xkwfvkyfrI tajctaerSm axmifhokH;&mig;q,f{u pkdufysKd;cJhNyD;
axmihfokH;&mav;q,f {u atmifjrifNyD; w{uvQif (tajcmuf) wpf&m&Spfq,f{uEIef;jzihf tajcmuftwGuf
ydmaygif; (241280)xkwfvkyfcJhygonf/
ikyfoD;ESHonf NrdKUe,ftwGif; pm;okH;&ef vkHavmufonfomru wpfjcm;NrdKUe,frsm;okdYvnf; ESpfpOf
wifykdYa&mif;csEkdifonfh tajctaewGif &Sdygonf/ ikyfukd NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd ukdif;uRef;ajrrsm;wGif trsm;tjym;
pkdufysKd;MuNyD; pyg;&dwfodrf;NyD;aemuf v,fajrrsm;wGif oD;xyftjzpfvnf; pkdufysKd;Muygonf/ NrdKUe,f0ifaiG
toifhtwifh&&Sdaom oD;ESHwpfckjzpfygonf/
rkHif;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGuf pm;okH;&efvkdtyfaomqDukd toifhtwifh taxmuftuljyKaom oD;ESHwpfck
jzpfygonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,f\ajryJtjyif wpfckwnf;aom qDxGufoD;ESHvnf; jzpfygonf/
'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrD NrdKUe,ftwGif; rkHif;pkdufysKd;rIrSm ajymyavmufatmif r&SdcJhyg/ 'kwd,urm
ppfaemufykdif; jrefrmEdkifiHvGwfvyfa&;&&SdNyD; 1948 ckaemufykdif;wGif wpfpwpfp tenf;i,fpD wkd;csJUpkdufysKd;vm
cJMh uygonf/ rk
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jcif; pm;ok;H &ef qDravmufijcif;? qDaps;Bu;D jrifv
h mjcif; ponfwaYdk Mumihf rk
H i ;f ukd awmiforl sm; ykrd t
dk av;xm;
pkdufysKd;vmcJhMuygonf/
NrdKUe,ftwGif; ,ckvuf&Sd rkHif;pkduf{&d,m{uESihf xGuf&SdonfhqDrSm NrdKUe,ftwGif; pm;okH;&efrvkH
avmufao;yg/ NrKd Ue,frx
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d cf aJG &mif;cs pm;ok;H Muygonf/
rkHif;aphtjzpfESihfyif tjcm;NrdKUe,frsm;okdY a&mif;csMuygonf/
qDxGufoD;ESHjzpfonfh rkHif;ukd pm;okH;qD zlvkH&eftvkdYiSm oufqkdif&mwkdYrS wkd;csJUpkdufysKd;&ef pDpOf
aqmif&GufvQuf &Sdygonf/ 1980-81 ckESpf rif;jym;NrdKUe,f rkHif;pkdufysKd;rI tajctaerSm (1388) {u
pkdufysKd;cJhNyD; rkHif;aphwif;aygif; (9543)xGuf&SdcJhygonf/
ajryJ
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1954-55 ckESpfwGifrS ajryJukd prf;oyfpkdufysKd;&ef NrdKUe,ftwGif; pDpOfaqmif&GufcJhygonf/ rsKd;rSm pkdufysKd;a&;
XmecGJrS xkwfvkyfonfh rsKd;oefYodyH 121 yifaxmifajryJ jzpfygonf/ ,if;ESpfwGifyif pkdufysKd;a&;XmecGJrS
awmifolv,form;rsm;okdY ajryJpkdufysKd;ynmay; pnf;kH;aqmif&GufNyD; 5{ucefY pwifprf;oyfpkdufysKd;cJhygonf/
ajryJpkdufysKd;rItajctaeaumif;rGefaomfvnf; awmifolrsm; pdwfyg0ifpm;rI r&SdcJhao;yg/ 195455 ck aemufykdif;rSp oufqkdif&mrS ajryJukd wkd;csJUpkdufysKd;&ef tpOfwpkduf pnf;kH;aqmif&GufvmcJh&m
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1978
rkd;
(pyg;) 3623130
3728678
194443
1979
rkd;
(pyg;) 3959700
3846603
113097
1980
rkd;
(pyg;) 3701300
3681218
20082
1981
rkd;
(pyg;) 6333650
rS wf csuf
1980-81ckESpftxd pkdufysKd;p&dwfacs;aiGukd wpf{uvQif 70d^-EIef;jzihf xkwfacs;cJhNyD; 1981-82

ckEpS rf pS txl;txGuw
f ;dk pku
d {f ursm;twGuf wpf{u 140d^-usyEf eI ;f jzihaf omfvnf;aumif;? k;d k;d pyg;pku
d cf
rsm;twGuf wpf{uvQif 70d^-EIef;jzihfaomfvnf;aumif;? wpfcsdefwnf; wpfBudrfwnf; xkwfacs;onfukd
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
pku
d yf sK;d p&dwf xkwaf cs;csed rf mS arvqef;(1)&ufaeYrS Mo*kwv
f (31)&ufaeYxd jzpfNy;D jyefvnfaumufcH
&rnfhtcsdefrSm pyg;a&mif;csdefumvjzpfaom ekd0ifbmv(1)&ufaeYrS {NyDv(15)&ufaeYxd jzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&
ygonf/
(*) ckdif;uRJ? EGm;rsm;ESihf v,fvkyfu&d,mrsm;

v,f,mu@wGif oD;ESHpkdufysKd;a&;ukd aqmif&Gufvkyfukdif&m pufrIrxGef;um;ao;onfh tajctae
wGif ckdifuRJEGm;onf t"duta&;BuD;onf u@rS yg0ifaeayonf/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd awmifolv,form;rsm;ykdif ckdif;uRJEGm;rsm;rSm 'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrDSu ckdif;uRJ
aumifa&(25000)cefY&SdcJhygonf/ ppfNyD;aemufykdif; ckdif;uRJEGm;rsm;ukd oD;ESHpkdufysKd;a&;wGif ykHrSeftwkdif; tokH;jyK
vmcJhMu&m 1980-81 ckESpf rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd awmifolv,form;rsm;ykdif ckdif;uRJEGm;(29053)aumif&Sdyg
onf/
a,bl,stm;jzihf rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; awmifolrsm;rSm v,fw&Sdef; (6.40){uukd uRJw&Sdef;jzihf
vnf;aumif; EGm;qkdvQif 2&Sdef; (4)aumifjzihfvnf;aumif; wyfqifxGef,ufMuygonf/ v,f,mvkyfud&d,m
taejzihf wkd;wufacwfrDaom xGef,ufud&d,mrsm;ukd tokH;jyKrI tm;enf;csuf &Sdaeygao;onf/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftaejzihf a&S;kd;pOfvmtwkdif; tokH;jyKwnf&SdvmcJhaom (tyf) &ifukd,fx,f^ ukdyif
vQif t"duxm;NyD; okH;pGJvmcJhMuygonf/ xGef,ufvkyfukdif&mwGif tyfjzifhxkd;NyD; opfom;abmifokH;ckjzihf
cyf0kduf0kdufwyfqifxm;aom(usrf;)jzihfvnf;aumif; vkdtyfovkd jyeftkyfygonf/ v,fwGift"dutyfESihf
usrf;aygifukd tokH;jyKMuNyD; aqmif;oD;ESH ukdif;ûRef;xGef,uf&mwGif tyfûrf;aygifESihf usrf;xkH;rsm;avmuf
ukdom tokH;jyKvkyfukdifMuygonf/
oufqkdif&mrS pnf;kH;aqmif&Guf ynmay;rIwkdYaMumifh ,cktcsdefwGif odyHenf;us jyKvkyfxm;aom
odyHxnf^xGefESihf uGif;qufrsm;ukdyg tokH;jyKvmMuNyD;aemufwGif wkd;csJUwyfqiftokH;jyKMu&ef vkyfief;tpOf
rsm;jzihf csrSwfaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
56
(C) xGefpufESihf a&pkyfpufrsm;

rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif awmifolv,form;rsm;taejzihf xGefpufESihf a&pkwfpufrsm;ukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY
okH;pGJMujcif; r&Sdao;yg? rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; 1980-81 ck aqmif;&moDESifh 1981-82 (rkd;) pyg;pkduf&moDwkdY
wGif pufrIv,f,mrS xGefpufav;pD;jzihf xGef,uftokH;jyKcJhMuygonf/ 1981-82 aqmif;oD;ESHpkdufysKd;&moD
wGif v,fxGef;pufjzihf xGef;,ufMu&ef pDpOfaqmif&GufvQuf &Sdygonf/
a&pkwpf ufrsm;udk v,f,mukid ;f uRe;f wkw
Yd iG f awmiforl sm;taejzihf vkt
d yfovkd iSm;&rf;ok;H pGMJ uygonf/
ajrMoZmtokH;jyKrI
(u) "mwfajrMoZm
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd awmifolv,form;rsm;taejzihf oD;ESHpdkufysKd;rIwGif ajrMoZmukd pepfwus
pkdufysKd;jcif;jzihf oD;ESHwpf{utxGufEIef; ykdrkd&&SdaMumif; em;vnfoabmaygufvmMuonfESihftrQ wpfESpfxuf
wpfESpf ykdrkdwkd;wufokH;pGJvmcJhMuygonf/
'kwd,urmppfrwkdifrD rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; "mwfajrMoZmokH;pGJcJhrI r&Sdao;yg/ ppfNyD;aemufykdif;
1957-58 ckESpfavmufwGif "mwfajrMoZmukd tenf;i,f pwifokH;pGJvmcJhMuygonf/ okH;pGJMuaom ajrMoZm
trsK;d tpm;rsm;rSm trk;d eD;,m;azmhpzdw(f Amonium Phosphate) ac:aom omulaphajrMoZmESifh trk;d eD;,m;
qmvzdwf(Amonium Sulphate)ac: "mwfajrMoZmrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ 1965-66 ckESpfaemufykdif;rS tpjyK
wjznf;jznf; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY okH;pGJvmcJhMuygonf/ okH;pGJMuaom "mwfajrMoZmtrsKd;tpm;rsm;rSmvnf;
,l&D;,m; wDqlyg? ykdwufcsfESihf ausmufrIHY"mwfajrMoZmrsm;jzpfygonf/ ausmufrIHY"mwfajrMoZmrSm 198182 pkdufysKd;&moDwGifrS rif;jym;NrdKUe,fokdY a&muf&SdvmcJygonf/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; "mwfajrMoZmtokH;jyKrIrSm pm&if;&&SdaomESpfrsm;tvkduf atmufygtwkdif;
jzpfygonf/
tok H k H ;jyKaom "mwf a jrMoZm
ck E S p f
rS w f c suf
,l & D ; ,m; wD q l y g yk d w uf ausmuf r I H Y
1971-72
1966
458
16
wESSpfv kH;
1972-73
2880
79
1973-74
406
41
1974-75
3549
19
1975-76
2195
184
1976-77
3889
292
1977-78
3508
340
1978-79
6198
348
1979-80
16781
1700
1980-81
21430 3719
1981-82
21334 2645 200
987 31^8^81aeYx d
"mwfajrMozmukd pyg;wGif xnfhoGif;okH;pGJcJhMuNyD; tjcm; ikyf? rkHnif;? ajryJ ponfhoD;ESHrsm;wGifvnf;
tokH;jyKMuygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
57
(c) obm0ajrMoZm
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; tokH;jyKMuaom obm0ajrMoZmrSm EGm;acs;ukd t"duxm; okH;pGJMuygonf/
EGm;acs;tjyif zGJEk? ESrf;zwf? rkHnif;zwfponfwkdYukdvnf; tenf;i,f tokH;jyKMuygonf/ obm0ajrMozm
tokH;jyKrItwkdif;twmrSm enf;yg;ygao;onf/ obm0ajrMoZmrsm;ukd us,fus,fjyefYjyefY pepfwus
okH;pGJvmMu&ef oufqkdif&mrS dEIdif;pDpOf aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdygonf/
(*) ykd;owfaq;rIefY
pyg;ESifh aqmif;oD;ESrH sm;wGif usa&mufzsuq
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1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 1979-80 1980-81 1981-82
aygif
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1115
523
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56
22
17
3 Zifazmfhpfzkd'f
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18
14
17
21
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10
5 'kdif,mZDEGef 40%
*gvH
6 'kdkif,mZDEGef 10%
aygif
112
7 t,ffvfqef 50% *gvH
8 tDyDtif 45%
*gvH
9 atmf'&if; 5%
aygif
1232
448
112
10 atmf'&if; 5%
aygif
224
560
112
112
11 vif'def;yD 130
aygif
224
12 vif'def;yD 65
aygif
672
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ykd;rTm;a&m*gusa&mufrI tajctaersm;cJhNyD; ykd;rTm;a&m*gusa&mufrI enf;yg;aomESpfrsm;wGif ykd;owfaq;
0,f,lokH;pGJrIta&twGufrSmvnf; enf;yg;ygonf/
&ckid o
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ppfrjzpfrDS tcsdefxd tpOfwpdkuf vkyfukdifaqmif&GufvmcJhMuayonf/
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onf/
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wkd;wuf&&SdcJhMuonfrsm; &SdcJhMuygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; v,form;xkwpf&yfvkH;taejzihf us,fus,fjyefYjyefY
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okH;pGJMu&ef pDpOfaqmif&GufcJhMuygonf/ ajrnufwref;aumif;&NyD; aygif;jrufuif;&Sif;onftxd odyHx,fESifh
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uefuef tokH;jyKvmMuapjcif;? aygif;jrufESdrfeif;NyD; wref;EId;um a&ukdvkdtyfovkd xdrf;odrf;jyKjyifapjcif;
ykd;rTm;a&m*gBudKwifumuG,fjcif;? ESdrfeif;jcif;ESihf tavtvGifhr&Sd&atmif armif;kdcsdefwGif &dwfodrf;apjcif;
ponfh wpf{utxGufEIef; wkd;wuf&&Sdvmap&ef vkdtyfonfh tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;ukd ynmay;jcif;?
pnf;k;H aqmif&u
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atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/
1976-77 ckESpf rif;jym;NrdKUe,f yef;ajrmif;tkyfpkwGif {u(100)yxrqkH;prf;oyfpkduf ysKd;cJhonf/
1977-78 ckESpf e&rf;tkyfpkwGif {u(200)ukd pDrHudef;csrSwf aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
1978-79 ckESpf? e&rf;? prav? qyfusmtkyfpkrsm;wGif {u(1000)ukd pDrHudef;csrSwfvQuf
vkyfukdifaqmif&GufMu&m wpfESpfxufwpfESpf vkyfief;atmifjrifrIukd &&SdvmcJhygonf/
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taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ NrdKUe,f\pyg; wpf{utxGufEIef;rSmvnf; (42.07)wif;
xd &&SdvmcJhNyD;?
1980-81 ckESpfwGifum; wpfNrdKUe,fvkH; pyg;txl;txGufwkd;ukd pwifaqmif&GufcJhygonf/ ,if;ESpf
wGif (66240){u pkdufysKd;cJhNyD; (65740){u atmifjrifum? wpf{u (56.21)wif;EIef;xGuf&SdcJhNyD;
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txGuf wif;aygif; (3695259)xd xGuf&SdcJhygonf/ 1981-82 ckESpfwGifvnf; wpfNrdKUe,fvkH;

txl;txGufwkd; pDrHudef;ukd 'kwd,ESpfajrmuf aqmif&GufqJ&Sdygonf/ pDrHudef;vsmxm;csufrSm
(66240)pkdufNyD; (65740){u atmifjrif&efESifh txGufEIef;&nfrSef;csufrSm (65)wif;EIef;ESihf
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wpf{utxGufEIef; wkd;wufaponfh odyHenf;us pepfwus pkdufysKd;xGef,ufenf;pepfokdY tqifhqifhajymif;vJ
vmcJhygonf/
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rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; v,f,mu@oD;ESHpdkufysKd;a&; pufrIwyfqifokH;pGJrIrsm; us,fus,fjyefYjyefY
r&Sdao;yg/
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)vkH; &Sdygonf/ if;wkdYukd oD;ESHESihf
aqmif;&moD oD;ESHpdkufcif;wkdYwGif vkdtyfovkd iSg;&rf;okH;pGJcJhMuygonf/
obm0ab;tE&m,frsm;
jzpfay:wwfonfh obm0ab;tE&m,frsm;ESifh umuG,frIrsm;
v,f,mu@ oD;ESpH u
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BuHKawGUcJh&onfh ab;tE&m,fESihf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;

(u) a&BuD;jcif;
1970-71 rwkdifrDu NrdKUe,ftwGif; pyg;pkdufysKd; &moDtcsdef a&BuD;cJhonfhESpfrsm; &SdcJhNyD; pyg;tysuf
tpD;rsm; &SdcJhaomfvnf; pm&if;Z,m;rsm; r&&Sd tao;pdwfrazmfjyEkdifyg/
1970-71 ckESpf pyg;pkduf&moDtwGif; tnma&(2)Budrf BuD;cJh pkdufysKd;xm;cJhaom pyg;yifi,frsm;
a&epfjrKyfysufpD;&m NrdKUe,frS tpDtpOfjzihf v,fpkduf&Sif;rS pyg;rsKd;wefbkd; (3430d^05g;)ukd ta<u;pepfjzifh
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onf/
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1977-78 ckESpfrwkdifrDu jzpfysufcJhaom rkd;acgifrIab;rsm;ukd pm&if;Z,m;rsm; r&&Sd razmfjyEdkifyg/
1977-78 ckESpf rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; rkd;acgifrI'gPfukd cHcJh& pyg;txGufwGif xdckdufrI&SdcJhygonf/ Mo*kwfv
'kw,
d ywfwiG f pwifNy;D rk;d jywfpo
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NrdKUe,ftwGif; ygwD? aumifpDwkdYrS pnf;kH;aqmif&GufBuD;MuyfNyD; vlxkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;jzihf a&&&Sda&;ukd BudK;pm;
aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ okdYygaomfvnf; pyg;yifrsm; vkdtyfonfhtwkdif;twmtxd a&udkr&&SdcJh txGufwGif
xdckdufcJhygonf/
&ckid o
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avjyif;rkew
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NrdKUe,fvkHNcHKa&;ESihf tkyfcsKyfrIaumfrwDrS tkyfcsKyfNyD; avab;u,fq,fa&aumfrwDrsm;ESifh avab;
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f ;dk oGycf u
G rf sm;ESifh tok;H aqmifypn;f rsm; ay;urf;axmufycHh MhJ uygonf/
(pm&if;Z,m;rsm; r&&Sdyg) 1968 ck arv avrkef;wkdif;BuD;aMumifh a&aMumif;ykdYaqmifa&; aumfykda&;&Sif;ykdif
uvdefawmif(ESpfxyf)oabFmonf rif;jym;jrpfwGif 1968-ck? arv ( )&ufaeY eHeuf(
)em&DtcsdefwGif
epfjrKyfcJh&ygonf/
if;ESpfNrdKUe,fv,f,mpkdufysKd;a&; aumfykda&;&Sif;rS avab;'kuonf awmifolrsm;odkY rsKd;pyg;ESihf
xGef,ufu&d,mrsm; wefbkd; (19950d^50g;)ukd ta<u;pepfjzihf jzefYjzL;ay;cJhygonf/
v,f,mu@vkyfom;rsm;ESihf &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
(u) v,f,mvkyfom;rsm; (ppfrjzpfrSDESihf ppfNyD;acwf tajctae)
v,f,mu@wGif yg0ifvkyfukdifMuaom v,f,mvkyfom;rsm;rSm rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftaejzihf ppfrjzpfrSD
ESihf ppfNyD;acwf rSmbuf 1978-79 ckESpfrwkdifrDtxd vkHavmufaomtiftm; &SdcJhygonf/
1978-79 ckESpf pyg;txl;txGufwkd;vkyfief;ukd pwifaqmif&GufvmonfrSp aumufpkdufrIvkyfief;
aMumifh v,f,mu@ pyg;pkdufysKd;&moDwGif v,f,mvkyfom; rvkHavmufrI tcuftcJrsm;awGU&ygonf/
NrdKUe,fygwD? aumifpDESihf Xmeqkdif&mwkdYrS pnf;kH;aqmif&GufBuD;MuyfrIjzihf tpDtpOfrsm;csrSwfum
aumufpkdufrIvkyfief;wGif vkdtyfaom vkyfom;tiftm;ukd rdef;raumufpkduforrsm;tm; yg0ifaqmif&Guf
aumufpkdufapjcif;jzihf jznfhwif;aqmif&GufcJhMuygonf/
(c) uRrf;usifol0efxrf;
v,f,mu@wGif awmifolrsm;tm; pkdufysKd;ynmyHhykd;&eftwGuf rif;jym;NrdKUe,f v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;
aumfykda&;&Sif;twGif;&Sd 0efxrf;tiftm;rSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/
(1)
NrdKUe,frefae*sm
1-OD;
(2)
aus;&Gmtkyfpkrefae*sm
3-OD;
(3)
aus;&Gmrefae*sm
10-OD;
(4)
ykwfjywfiSg;&rf;0efxrf;
7-OD;
(5)
tBuD;wef;pm&if;ukdif^ppf
1-OD;
(6)
ti,fwef;
1-OD;
(7)
*kda'gifapmifh
3-OD;
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
61
txufyg0efxrf;tiftm;jzihf NrdKUe,ftwGif; aqmif&GufvQuf&Sdygonf/ txl;txGufwkd;vkyfief;

twGuf zGihfvSpfxm;onfh pcef;(10)ckwGif atmufygtwkdif; wm0efay;csxm;vQuf &Sdygonf/
pOf
pcef ; trnf
0ef x rf ; tif t m;
pcef ; wm0ef c H
tk y f p k 0 ef x rf ;
rS w f c suf
yifrpcef;
1-OD;
7-OD;
pcef; wm0efcHu kd
NrdKUrpcef;
1-OD;
7-OD;
tkyf^ *sm
yef; ajrmif; pcef;
1-OD;
4-OD;
tm;vnff; aumif;
rif; zl; pcef;
1-OD;
2-OD;
wm0efa y;NyD;
'kHBuD; pcef;
1-OD;
2-OD;
tkyfpk0efx rf; ukd
t0&Gm pcef;
1-OD;
6-OD;
aus;^*smtm;
Budrfa csmif; pcef
1-OD;
4-OD;
vnff; aumif;
o*Feufpcef;
1-OD;
3-OD;
ykw fjywf0eft m;
acsmif; &Sn fpcef;
1-OD;
3-OD;
vnf; aumif;
10
tkdif0ef; pcef;
1-OD;
2-OD;
wm0efa y;csxm;ygo
or0g,rykid v
f ,f,mrsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif &marmifa&SUajy;or0g,rv,f,m(tqifhedrfh)toif;ukd toif;om; (87)OD;ukd
pkpnf; 1977-ck? Ekd0ifbmv(29)&ufaeYwGif zGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ v,fajr{urSm (290)eD;yg;&Sdygonf/
i^yvkdif; a&SUajy;or0g,rv,f,m(tqifhjrifh)toif;ukd 1977-ck? 'DZifbmv(27)&ufaeYwGif toif;om;
(100)ausmfjzihf pwifzGJUpnf;cJhygonf/ toif;e,ferdwftwGif; v,fajr{&d,m{u wpfaxmifausmf&Sd
toifhpkdufysKd;Edkifonfh v,fajr{u (400)ausmf&Sdygonf/ &marmifa&SUajy;or0g,r v,f,mtoif;rS ESpfpOf
v,fajr{u (290)eD;yg;pkdufysKd;EdkifcJhaomfvnf; i^yvkdif;toif;u vltiftm;tajctae? v,f,mvkyf
ud&d,mtajctaeESihf toif;\b@ma&;tajctaersm;t& ESpfpOf{u(200)ywf0ef;usifom pkdufysKd;EdkifcJh
ygonf/
pkdufysKd;a&;O,smOfNcHrsm; ausmif;ESihf oifwef;rsm;

rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; rsKd;yGm;pkdufysKd;a&;NcHwpfck &Sdygonf/ oifwef;ausmif;r&Sdyg/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,f
twGi;f &Sd rsK;d yGm;pku
d yf sK;d a&; O,smOfNcu
H dk t*Fvyd v
f ufxufup zGiv
hf pS x
f m;&Scd yhJ gonf/ pyg;oD;ESw
H pfcw
k nf;ukd
om t"duxm; pkdufysKd;vmcJhygonf/ A[kdO,smOfNcHwkdYrS xGuf&Sdvmonfh pyg;rsKd;aumif; rsKd;oefYrsm;ukd
awmifolrsm;xJ ra0iSbJ if;O,smOfNcHajrwGif rsKd;yGm;NyD;rS wqifh awmifolrsm;vufxJodkY a0iS&ef &nf&G,fyg
onf/
pyg;rsK;d aumif;rsK;d oefrY sm;ukd pDru
H ed ;f t& csrw
S af om (pyg;)prf;oyfuu
G rf sm;twGuf NyKd ipf rf;oyfuu
G ?f
"mwfajrMoZmprf;oyfuGuf? pkdufpepfprf;oyfuGuf ponfhprf;oyfuGuftrsKd;rsKd; jyKvkyfprf;oyfjcif; ponhf
vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
rsK;d yGm;O,smOfNcaH jr {&d,m{upkpak ygif;rSm (98.50)&Syd gonf/ (80.80){uukd oD;pm;tjzpf awmifol
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
62
rsm;tm; vkyfudkifapNyD; usef(17.70){uukd XmerS OD;pD;vkyfukdifcJhygonf/ cGifhjyK&efykHaiG r&&SdcJh

if;(17.70){uukdvnf; vGefcJhaom (10)ESpfrSp XmerSOD;pD;vkyfukdifjcif; rjyKawmhbJ awmifolrsm;tm;
oD;pm;csvkyfukdifapcJhonfrSm ,ckwkdifjzpfygonf/
om;ig;u@
om;ig;u@
a&S;ya0oPDacwfu vlwkdYonf awmwd&pmefrsm;ukd pm;okH;&eftwGuf awmawmifrsm;ukd pkaygif;
trJvkdufMuonf/ awmaumifrsm;ukd a0iSpm;aomufMuonf/ t&Sifzrf;&aom wd&pmefrsm;ukd tdrfrSm
arG;jrLMu aemufwajz;ajz; ,Ofyg;vmMuonf/ MuufarG;jrLa&;onf wkyfjynfrS ay:aygufvmonf[k
qkdMuonf/ wkyfjynf awmawmif&Sd ayg<u,faom awmMuufrsm;ukd zrf;,lNyD; tdrfwGifarG;jrLxm; ,Ofyg;
vmonf/ vlw,
Ydk Ofaus;odraf rGU vkyu
f idk pf m;aomufwwfaomtcg v,f,mu@twGuf EGm;rsm;ukd arG;jrLNy;D
pm;aomuf&eftwGuf wd&pmefrsm;ukd wEkdifarG;jrLMuygonf/ ya'o&mZfacwfu ppfwkduf&eftwGuf qifjrif;
rsm;ukd woD;woefY arG;jrLMuygonf/
ppfrjzpfrSD ('kwd,urmppf) jrefrmEkdifiHwGif jynfolykdifESihf or0g,rykdif arG;jrLa&;NcHrsm; r&SdcJhacs/
yk*vduykdif arG;jrLa&;tenf;i,fom &SdcJhygonf/ okdYaomf tdrfwGif;pm;aomuf&eftwGufom jzpfygonf/
tpkd;&uvnf; arG;jrLa&;ukd aqmif&Gufray;cJhacs/ xkdtcg ppfwGif tokH;jyK&eftwGuf jrif;? vm;? jrnf;rsm;ukd
woD;woefYarG;jrLMuygonf/ ppftwGif; 1942-1945 txd arG;jrLa&;ukd tenf;tyg; jyKvkyfMuygonf/
(OKURAC SANJO R-R)[k a c:aom *syef a rG ; jrLa&;uk r P D w pf c k u k d wnf a xmif c J h o nf / ok d Y a omf
tcsKdUwkdawmif;ojzihf ratmifjrifcJhacs? *syefppfzufqkdif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uvnf; arG;jrLa&;ukd aqmif&Guf
Muygonf/ wd&pmefrsm; usef;rma&;twGuf Armjynf wdûkXmeESihfwGJzuf ppfzufwdûkarG;XmerS
aqmif&GufcJhavonf/
1948 ck vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; z-q-y-v vufxufwGif (A.R.D.C) ajraus;&Sif;tzGJUukd zGJUpnf;
EkdYpm;ESihf tom;pm; arG;jrLa&;NcHrsm;ukd wnfaxmifcJhavonf/ tdEd,jynfrS rsKd;aumif;rsKd;oefYrsm;ukd 0,f,l
cJ
h rsK;d yGm;apcJo
h nf/ Ekid if jH cm;okv
Yd nf; avhvma&;tzGUJ rsm; apvTwcf o
hJ nf/ yk*v
u
d arG;jrLa&;NcrH sm; ay:ayguf
vmavonf/
1962 ckESpf awmfvSefa&;tpkd;&vufxufwGif arG;jrLa&;udprsm;ukd txl;aqmif&GufcJhMuonf/
or0g,NcHESihf pkaygif;arG;jrLa&;NcHrsm; ay:aygufvmonf/ oufqkdif&mXmeqkdif&m 0efxrf;rsm;ukdvnf; wkd;csJU
cefYtyfvmygonf/ pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;rsm;ukd u@tvkduf a&;qGJvmygonf/
1974-ck aumifpDtqifhqifh ay:aygufvmaomtcg or0g,rarG;jrLa&;NcHrsm; ay:aygufvmyg
onf/ pD;yGm;a&; (4)ESpfpDrHudef;rsm;ukd csrSwfcJhygonf/ wEkdifarG;jrLa&;udpukd tifwkduftm;wkduf aqmif&Guf
apygonf/ oufqidk &f mXmersm;wGiv
f nf; 0efxrf;rsm;ukd wd;k csUJ ceft
Y yfygonf/ wd&pmefarG;jrLa&;aumfyafdk &;&Si;f
ukd zGJUpnf; arG;jrLa&;NcHrsm;ukd zGifhvSpfygonf? rsKd;aumif;rsKd;oefYrsm;ukd jzefYjzL;ay;ygonf/ EkdifiHjcm;okdY
avhvma&;tzGJUESihf ynmoifrsm; ykdYay;ygonf/ arxkHrJhom;pyfvkyfief; pcrf;(40)zGihfvSpfvmygonf/ wd&pmef
a&m*gumuG,frIESihf ukorIrsm;ukd txl;aqmif&GufcJhygonf/ pDrHudef;csrSwf aqmif&Gufygonf/ wd&pmef
ypnf;xkwfvkyfrI atmifjrifvmygonf/ EkdifiHawmfrS &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI BuD;rm;vmygonf/ urmbPfacs;aiGjzihf
aqmif&u
G Mf uygonf/ vlxo
k Ykd arG;jrLa&;oifwef;rsm; ykcYd scyhJ gonf/ wyfrawmftaejzihv
f nf; arG;jrLa&;udpr sm;
ukd txl;aqmif&u
G Mf uygonf/ uJo
h Ykd aqmif&u
G v
f mMujcif;aMumihf aemiftem*wfumvwGif v,f,mu@
ESifh om;ig;u@wkdYwGif zlvkHEkdifrnf[k arQmfvifhMuygonf/ okdYrSom EkdifiHawmfom;rsm;om tpm;tpmrsm;ukd
zlvkHpGm pm;aomufEkdifMurnf jzpfayonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
63
opfawmu@
aygufa&mufaeaom opf0g;rsm; tajctae

rif;jym;NrdKU opfawme,ftwGif; opfawmtajctaerSm ysOfuwkd;? ukvm;rD;aoG;? carmif;? zufoefY?
befabG? Muufkd;? ajrmufikd? ESpfbJ? vdef? a*G;? 'DEl;vuf? paomtyifrsm; aygufa&mufvQuf &Sdonf/
0g;awmtajctaerSm av;NrdKUacsmif;zsm;ESifh zkHomacsmif;zsm;txufykdif;wGif c&if0g;tajrmuftrsm;
aygufa&mufvQuf&Sdygonf/ 0g;rsm;ukd awmifolv,form;rsm;onf wpfESpfvkH;vkdvkd 0ifa&mufckwf,lNyD;
aygufawm? ajrmufOD;? ppfawGNrdKUrsm;okdY oGm;a&muf a&mif;0,fazmufum;rI jyKvkyfMuygonf/ if;0g;onf
vlokH;ukefjzpfonfhtavQmuf &ckdifjynfe,fwGif trsm;tm;jzihf ta&mif;t0,f jyKvkyfaeMuygonf/
opfawmESiBfh uKd ;0kid ;f rsm;tajctae

rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; AEKvBudK;0kdif;BuD;[k trnf&Sdaom tuGuftrSwf
-1
3668-{u
-2
1782-{u
-3
568-{u
-4
196-{u
-5
1625-{u
tuGuf {&d,m{uaygif; (8439){u &Sdygonf/
BudK;0kdif;tajctaerSm ,cktcsdefwGif BudK;0kdif;twGif; opfyifBuD;rm;onfh tyifrsm; r&Sdoavmuf
jzpfaeygonf/ vkH;ygwftwef;tpm;tm;jzihf 3-ayrS 4-aytwGif;om wnf&Sdygonf/ tyifBuD;rsm;rSm vGefcJh
aom (10)ESpfcefYavmufu rormolrsm; 0ifa&mufckwf,lrIaMumihf tyifBuD;rsm; r&Sdawmhyg/ ao;i,faom
tyifrsm;om &Sdygonf/
,cktjzLa&mife,fajrjzpfNyD;rS rMumcPqkdovkd opfawmtrIxrf;rsm;onf NrdKUe,fygwDaumifpDrsm;
ESifh opfawmOD;pD;XmerS tcGit
fh rderYf &Sb
d J opfawmBuKd ;0kid ;f twGi;f rw&m;0ifa&mufrckw,
f &l ef aus;&Gmrsm;okYd
ynmay;aqG;aEG;jcik;f opfawmOya'ukd usL;vGeo
f w
l t
Ydk m; opfawmOya'vkyx
f ;Hk vkyef nf;t& ta&;,laqmif
&Guf&ygonf/ opfawmBudK;0kdif;ESihf opfawmBudK;jyifawmwkdYukd Oya't&xdef;odrf;NyD; BudK;jyifawmrS wm;jrpf
&mrygaom opfukd enf;Oya'-25t& vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;t& cGihfjyK opfawmxdef;odrf;rIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;
ygonf/
uRef;? ysOf;uwkd;? opfrmyifrsm; pkdufysKd;rItajctae

AEKvBudK;0kdif;tuGuf-1wGif 1909-20 ckESpfESifh 1921 ckESpf uRef;{u (100) pkdufysKd;cJhygonf/
if;uRef;cif;rSm vGefcJhaom (10)ESpfcefYu rormolrsm; 0ifa&mufckwf,lrIaMumihf uRef;awmrSm vkH;0ysufpD;
oGm;onftxd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ 1969-70 ckESpf uRef;? ysOf;uwkd;? ,luvpf pkdufcif;rsm;ukd rif;jym;aygufawm
BudK;jyifckwfuGuf 14 ay:wGif {u 54 {ua&maESmpkdufysKd;xm;ygonf/ if;tcif;rSm aumif;rGefpGm wnf&Sdyg
onf/ tyiftaetxm;rSm tjrifhay 38? vkH;ywfay 22 vufr&SdaMumif; ppfaq;awGU&Sd&ygonf/
opfxkwfvkyfrI? cGJpdyfrIESihf jzefYjzL;rItajctae

rif;jym;NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f us,u
f s,jf yefjY yefY r&Sad o;yg/ okaYd omfvnf; BuKd ;jyifcw
k u
f u
G f NrKd Ua[mif;tuGuf
13? aygufawm 14? yef;ajrmif; 15? ausmufckwf 16? wa,GckwfuGuf 17? *ufacsmif; 10? oHacsmif; 19?
rdacsmif; 20? tuGurf sm;ukd NrKd Ue,fjynfoaYl umifpD cGijfh yKcsut
f & opfwef 20ukd wm;jrpf&mrygrpfjzLopfrsmukd
pkaygif; ema&;ysOftjzpf wpfOD;wefcsdef 20wefrQom cGifhjyK&ygonf/ wpfESpfywfvkH;twGufqkdygu
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
64
opfwefcsdef 40cefYukdom xkwfvkyfrI&Sdygonf/ okdYaomfvnf; rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; opfcGJom;&&Sda&;ukd

opfxkwfvkyfa&mif;0,fa&; aumfykda&;&Sif;rS jzefYjzL;a&mif;csvQuf &Sdygonf/
0g;xkwv
f yk rf t
I ajctae
0g;xkwfvkyfrItajctaerSm rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; wpfESpfywfvkH; 0g;vkH;a&aygif; (700000)rS
(1000000)cefY xkwfvkyfrI&Sdygonf/
opfawmxGuyf pn;f xkwv

f yk rf t
I ajctae
xif;? rD;aoG;? Budrf(avQmf)? "edrsm;ukd toifhtwifh vlokH;tjzpf xkwfvkyfrI &&Sdygonf/
opfawmtcGeaf wmf
wESpf0ifaiGrSm (Z,m;uGufwGif yg&Sdygonf/)
opfawmvkyfom;tiftm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; 4-OD;ESihf pkdufcif;wm0efus trIxrf; (4) OD;aygif; (8)OD;om&Sdygonf/
pufrIvufrIu@
ppfrjzpfrDESifh ppfNyD;acwfpufrIvkyfief;rsm;ESihf pufkHtvkyfkHrsm; tajctae
(u)
ppfrjzpfrD tcsdefumvwGif rif;jym;NrdKUe,f pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm;ESihf pufkHtvkyfkH
rnfonhf rnfrQ&Sdonfukd twdtus rod&ao;yg/
(c)
ppfNyD;acwfrS ,aeYxd rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd pufrIvufrIvkyfief;rsm;rSm atmufygtwkdif;
&Sdonfukd pm&if;t& od&Sd&ygonf/
(1) qefpufvkyfief;(tdrfwGif;puftygt0if)
26-ck
(2) qDBudwfpufvkyfief;
1-ck
(3) trIefYBudwfpufvkyfief;
2-ck
(4) rkHYvkyfief;
2-ck
(5) acgufqGJvkyfief;
2-ck
(6) aq;vdyfckHvkyfief;
7-ck
(7) yef;xdrfvkyfief;
15-ck
(8) oHjzLvkyfief;
10-ck
(9) tyfcsKyfvkyfief;
8-ck
(10) ESD;zsmvkyfief;rsm;vnf; &Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; pufkHtvkyfkHrsm; r&Sdyg/
pufkHrsm;ESifh ukefxkwfypnf;rsm;tajctae
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f pufkH[kac:Edkifavmufonfh pufkHtvkyfkHrsm; r&Sdygojzifh ,if;vkyfief;rsm;rS
xkwfvkyfrIvnf; r&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
65
qm;vkyfief;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f acwftqufqufrS qm;csufvkyfief;rsm; vkyfukdifvmcJhonfukd rawGU&Sd&yg/ NrdKUe,f

twGif; okH;pGJaeaom qm;rsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzihf ajrykHNrdKUe,frS vma&mufonfh qm;rsm;jzpfaMumif;
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
&ckid f ;dk &mvkcH snv

f yk if ef;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f &ckdifkd;&mvkHcsnfrsm;ukd ppfrjzpfrDacwfrS awmfvSefa&;aumifpD wufvmonftxd
yk*v
u
d &ufuef;vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;u tdrw
f iG ;f rIvufryI nm&yftaejzihf xkwv
f yk v
f Qu&f o
dS nfudk awGU&S&d ygonf/
awmfveS af &;aumifpw
D ufvmNy;D aemufyikd ;f rSp NrKd Ue,fuek o
f ,
G af &;jzpfvmonft
h cg NrKd Ue,fuek o
f ,
G af &;onf
&ufuef;ukefxkwfor0g,rtoif;ESifh pmcsKyfcsKyfvQuf ukefMurf;ay; ukefacsm,lpepfjzihf xkwfvkyfcJhonfukd
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
NrdKUe,fukefoG,fa&;ysufonfhaemufydkif;? NrdKUe,for0g,rtoif;rS &ufuef;ukefxkwfor0g,r
toif;rsm;ESihf pmcsKycf sKyq
f v
dk Quf txufyg NrKd Ue,fuek o
f ,
G af &;pepftwkid ;f qufvuf&ufvyk v
f Quf &So
d nfudk
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f &ufuef;ukefxkwfor0g,rtoif;(2)oif;&Sdygonf/
(1) rif;jym;NrdKUr &ufuef;ukefxkwfor0g,rtoif;
(2) yef;ajrmif;aus;&Gmtkyfpk &ufuef;ukefxkwfor0g,rtoif;wkdY jzpfygonf/
rif;jym;NrdKUr &ufuef;ukefxkwfor0g,rtoif;wGif toif;0if&ufuef;vkyfom;tiftm; (446)OD;
&SdNyD; if;ukd 1975-ck pufwifbmv (15)&ufaeYwGif zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcJhygonf/
yef;ajrmif;aus;&Gmtkyfpk &ufuef;ukefxkwfor0g,rtoif;ukd 1977-ck pufwifbmv (22)&ufaeY
wGif toif;0if&ufuef;vkyfom;tiftm; (37)OD;jzihf zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcJhygonf/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f or0g,rtoif; csnfxnfvkyfief;pDrHudef;\ ESpftvkduf xkwfvkyfrIukd rod&ao;yg/
1980-81 ckumvtwGif; 2^64 trsKd;om;0wf vkHcsnfacsm(14250)xd &ufvkyf&ef &nfrSef;cJhaomf
vnf; (7626)xdom xkwfvkyfEdkifcJhonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ pDrHudef;&nfrSef;csuftwkdif; tjynfht0rxkwfvkyf
Edkifjcif;rSm ukefMurf;jzpfaom csnfrsm;r&Sdjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf[k od&ygonf/
1981-82 ck pDrHudef;umvtwGif; atmufygtwkdif; xkwfvkyfoGm;&ef &nfrSef;xm;onfukd awGU&Sd
&ygonf/
(u) 1^20
trsKd;om;0wfvkHcsnf
15000-xnf
(c) 2^42
trsKd;om;0wfvkHcsnf
15000-xnf
(*) 2^64
trsKd;om;0wfvkHcsnf (AkHBuD;qif)
12000-xnf
(C) 2^64
trsKd;orD;0wfvkHcsnf(vufxkd;yef;)
3600-xnf
(i) 2^64
trsKd;om;0wfvkHcsnf(kd;&m)
1500-xnf
avmifpmqD^"mwfqDâcsmqD^rD;xkd;qD&&Sda&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;rItajctae
ppfrjzpfrDumvtwGif; rif;jym;NrdKUe,f avmifpmqD^"mwfqDâcsmqDokH;pGJrIukd twdtus pm&if;
r&Sdao;ygojzihf razmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/
ppfNyD;acwfrS ,aeYxd avmifpmqD? acsmqD? rD;xkd;qD ponfrsm;ukd t"duokH;pGJonfh Xmersm;rSm
(u) vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;
(c) pufrIv,f,mOD;pD;Xme
(*) aMu;eef;Xme
(C) yk*vdua&,mOfESihf armfawmf,mOfrsm; jzpfygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
66
(u) vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f? vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;\ 1971-72 ckESpfrS 1981-82 ckESpftxd
(31-7-81)aeYxd avmifpmqDokH;pGJrItajctaeukd atmufygtwkdif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
ck E S p f
'D Z ,f * gvH
acsmqD * gvH
1971-72
10046
326
1972-73
10323
537
1973-74
5361
170
1974-75
10120
400
1975-76
9046
399
1976-77
12262
405
1977-78
10091
956
1978-79
12622
464
1079-80
10999
399
1980-81
10396
362
1981-82 (7^81)
2603
17
(c) pufrIv,f,mOD;pD;Xme
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f pufrIv,f,mOD;pD;Xme\ qD&&SdrI okH;pGJrItajctaerSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/
ck E S p f
'D Z ,f * gvH
tif * sif 0 k d i f
trJ q D
b&d w f q D
(*gvH )
(aygif )
(yk v if ; )
1979-80
1074
8
20
r&S d
1980-81
2484
17
40
5
1981-82
1932
10
20
2
(8^81 xd)
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f or0g,rtoif; ,ckb@ma&;ESpftwGif; wpfvvQif 'DZ,fqD (10)yDygESifh a&eHqD
(6)yDyg &&Sdygonf/ if;ukd NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpD(tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU)\ tpDtpOfjzihf oifhawmfovkd
jzefYjzL;a&mif;cscJhygonf/
EkdifiHawmftwGuf tusKd;&Sdrnfh pufkHtvkyfkHrsm;tvm;tvm

rif;jym;NrdKUe,fonf pkpkaygif;{&d,m (856616){u&Sdonfhteuf oD;oefYopfawmBudK;0kdif;{&d,mrSm
(8439){uESihf tjcm;opfawmajr{&d,mrSm (302400){u&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ pkpkaygif;ajr{&d,m\
(40%)onf opfawmajr{&d,mjzpfygojzihf opfawmxGufypnf;rsm; <u,f0onfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ ESpfpOf
0g;vkH;a&wpfoef;ausmfxGufonfh NrdKUe,fwpfNrdKUe,fjzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm tao;pm;puLpufwpfvkH;
wnfaqmuf&ef tvm;tvm&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
tvm;wl av;NrdKUacsmif; a&wHcGefonfvnf; a&usâ&pD;tm;aumif;NyD; rMumcP avhvma&;tzGJU
rsm; a&muf&SdvQuf avhvmwkdif;wmaeonfukd awGU&Sd&ygojzihf a&tm;vQyfppf"mwftm;puf wnfaqmufEkdif
rnfhtvm;tvm&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
pufrIvufrIu@rS vkyfomrsm;tiftm;
pufrIvufrIu@ jynfolykdiftcef;rS vkyfom;tiftm; r&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ or0g,rykdif
tcef;rS qDBudwfpufvkyfom; (3)OD;ESihf &ufuef;vkyfom;(483)OD;&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ yk*vduykdiftcef;
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
67
rS vkyfom;tiftm;pm&if;ukd r&&Sdao;aMumif; wifjyvkdygonf/
ykdifqkdifrItcef;u@tvkduf pufrIvufrIu@\ tom;wifxkwfvkyfrI

rif;jym;NrdKUe,f\ or0g,rykdiftcef;rS pufrIvufrIu@\ ESpfpOftom;wifxkwfvkyfrIwefbkd;rSm
usyf (246000)cefY&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
pufrIvufrIu@wGif EkdifiHawmf\ &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;

pufrIvufrIu@wGif EkdifiHawmfrS &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIr&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
vQyfppfu@
wyfqifxm;aom vQyfppf"mwftm;ESihf puftiftm;tajctae
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f ppfrjzpfrD tcsdefumvwGif vQyfppf"mwftm; &Sd^r&Sdukd rod&ao;aomfvnf; 1946
ckESpfrSp bk&m;rD;om xGef;cJhonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,f vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;
ukd 1955-ck azazmf0g&Dv(7)&ufaeYu AkdvfrSL;oef;pdef OD;aqmifaom aeY&Sif;bkwfrD;vif;a&;tzGJUrS (6uDvkd0yf)&Sd rD;pufjzihf rD;vif;ay;cJhygonf/
1956-ckESpfwGif 25-uDvkd0yf&Sd ruvm&Dpufjzihfvnf;aumif;? 1962-ckESpfwGif 54-uDvkd0yfr
vm&Dpufjzihfvnf;aumif;? 1967-ckESpfwGif 25 uDvkd0yf&Sd wukd'gpufjzihfvnf;aumif;? 1980 jynfhESpfwGif
58 uDvkd0yf&Sd tpukdwmpufjzihfvnf;aumif; toD;oD; "mwftm;ay;vsuf &Sdygonf/
rif ; jym;Nrd K Ue,f \ vuf & S d w yf q if x m;aom vQyuf p pf p uf t if t m;rS m (137)uD v k d 0 yf & S d N yD ;
wyfqifxm;aom puftiftm;rSm (3)vkH;&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
tokH;jyKrItrsKd;rsKd;tajctae
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f vQyfppf"mwftm;aumfykda&;&Sif;\ 1971-72 ckESpfrS vQyfppf"mwftm; tokH;jyKrI
trsKd;rsKd;tajctaerSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/
ck E S p f
rD w mok H ; pG J r I rD ;ok H ;pG J r I
vrf ;rD ;
,m,D
1971-72
6044
12
1484
1972-73
4987
12
1389
1973-74
2785
698
1974-75
5148
16
1357
1975-76
3507
12
1326
1976-77
5719
12
2154
r&Sd
1977-78
6020
12
2300
10
1978-79
6054
12
2109
10
1979-80
6290
12
2028
1980-81
6338
12
1759
1981-82
2162
500
r&Sd
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
68
vQyfppf"mwftm; wkd;csJUrIvkyfief;rsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUonf &yfuGufaygif; (3)ck? tdrfaxmifpkaygif; (1511)ck &Sdonfhf NrdKUwpfNrdKUjzpfygonf/
NrdKUay:&Sd tdrfaxmifpk (50%)onf vQyfppfrD;tokH;jyKvkdygaomfvnf; puftiftm; rDwmtcuftcJESihf
avmifpmqDtcuftcJwkdYaMumihf rD;r&&SdEdkifonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
odjYk zpf rif;jym;NrKd Ue,f jynfoaYl umifp(D tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ )\ 13-7-81 &ufaeYwiG f usi;f yjyKvyk f
aom tpnf;ta0;trSwf 8^81qkH;jzwfcsuftykd'f 8^9t& rif;jym;NrdKUe,f vQyfppf"mwftm;aumfykda&;&Sif;
(150)uDvkd0yf&Sd vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;pufwpfvkH; &&Sda&;twGuf 22-7-81 aeYpGJygpmtrSwf 24^reupD;yGm;(1)^81(1140)jzihf txl;tpD&ifcpH mwpfapmifudk &ckid jf ynfe,f jynfoaYl umifpD tvkyt
f rIaqmiftzGUJ okYd
wifjyxm;onfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
a&tm;vQypf pfxw
k v
f yk &f eftvm;tvm
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f av;NrdKUacsmif; a&wcGefrSm a&ustm;ESihf a&pD;tm;rSm vQyfppf"mwftm; xkwfvkyfay;
Ekid o
f nfh pGr;f tm;&Sad Mumif; od&&dS ygonf/ if;a&wHceG u
f dk Ekid if aH wmfrpS rD u
H ed ;f jzihf wnfaqmufay;ygu a&tm;
vQyfppfxkwfvkyfEdkif&ef tvm;tvmtrsm;qkH; &SdygaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
'DZ,fqDtok;H jyKrItajctae
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;rS okH;pGJvQuf&Sdaom 'DZ,fqDrSm &ckdifjynfe,f
vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;rS cGJwrf;t& &&Sdonhf qDrsm;jzpfygonf/ wvvQifysrf;rQ 'DZ,fqD
(16)yDygrS (20)yDygtwGif; &&SdNyD; if;ukdrlwnf rD;xGef;ay;&jcif;jzpfayonf/ 1971-72 ckESpfrS 198182(7^81)aeYxd 'DZ,fqD&&SdrItajctaerSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfygonf/
ck ES pf
'D Z,f qD *gvH
1971-72
10046
1972-73
10323
1973-74
5360
1974-75
5148
1975-76
3507
1976-77
5719
1977-78
6020
1978-79
9054
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
69
ck ES pf
'D Z,f qD*gvH
1979-80
6290
1980-81
6338
1981-82
2162
(7^80)xd
vQyfppfu@ vkyfom;tiftm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;\ 1971-72 ckESpfrS ,aeYxd vkyfom;tiftm;
tajctaeukd atmufygtwkdif; jzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
ck E S p f
v k y f o m;t i f t m;
1971-72
8-a, mu f
1972-73
4-a, mu f
1973-74
8-a, mu f
1974-75
9-a, mu f
1975-76
9-a, mu f
1976-77
10-a, mu f
1977-78
10-a, mu f
1978-79
9-a, mu f
1979-80
8-a, mu f
1980-81
9-a, mu f
1981-82
9-a, mu f
aqmufvkyfa&;u@
vrf;wHwm;rsm; aqmif&Gufrnfhtvm;tvm
,mOfoGm;vmrIenf;yg;ojzihf wkd;csJUaqmif&Guf&ef r&nf&G,fyg/
aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfom;tiftm;
ESpfpOfcGJa0ay;onhf &HykHaiGtay: rlwnfNyD; vkyfom;rsm; wkd;csJUjcif; avQmhjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ygojzihf
1981-82 ckESpftwGif; &HykHaiGenf;yg;ojzihf tiftm;wkd;&ef rjzpfEkdifyg/
aqmufvkyfa&;u@wGif EkdifiHawmfrS &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI

aumfyadk &;&Si;f wGif Edik if aH wmfrS &if;ES;D jrKyEf rHS aI iGr&Syd g vkt
d yfonfah iGtiftm;ukd Edik if aH wmfp;D yGm;a&;
bPfrS acs;,ljcif;? vkyfief;&Sifrsm;rS vkyfief;tvkduf bDvfawmif;cHNyD; &aiGjzihf aqmif&Gufygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
70
ukeo
f ,
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NrdKUe,ftwGif;ukefoG,frIvkyfief;
(u) jynfolykdiftcef;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f v,f,mukdif;uRef;ESihf O,smOfNcHajrxGufukefypnf; ukefoG,fa&;aumfykda&;&Sif;onf
a&S;OD;pGm (Agriculturcal Project Board trnfrS S,A, MB, U, B, A, M, B ukefoG,fa&;(1)ESihf
,ckukefoG,fv,f,mtrnfodkY tqifhqifh ajymif;vJvmcJhygonf/ EkdifiHawmfaumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJU
taejzihf pyg;0,f,al &;udpu
dk aqmif&u
G pf Ofu awmifov
l ,form;rsm;xH tzGUJ taejzihf wku
d f u
dk 0f ,f,jl cif;
r&SdbJ yk*vduukefonfyGJpm;rsm;xHrS wqifh 0,f,lcJhygonf/ if;jyif or0g,rtoif;rsm;rSwqifh 0,f,lcJh
onfrsm;vnf; &SdcJhonfrsm;vnf; &Sdygonf/
vuf&SdusihfokH;aeaompepfrSm ukefoG,fv,f,monf jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfygwD\ ODaqmif
vrf;TefrIukd cH,lvQuf NrdKUe,fjynfolYaumifpDtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ BuD;MuyfuGyfuJpDrHcsufjzihf awmifol
v,form;rsm;ESifh wkdufkdufpmcsKyfcsKyfqkdvQuf pyg;0,f,lonfh vkyfief;ukd aqmif&Gufaeygonf/
qefjzefYjzL;a&mif;csa&;vkyfief;ukd (1965)ckESpftxd wkdufkdufa&mif;csjcif;rjyKbJ NrdKUe,fukefoG,fa&;
rSwqifh pm;okH;olvkyfom;jynfolrsm;odkY jzefYjzL;a&mif;cscJhygonf/ 1972-ckESpfrSpwif qef? oMum;? *sKH?
pD;u&ufpaom O,sOfNcHajrxGuf ukefypnf;rsm;ukd pm;okH;olvkyfom;jynfolrsm;okdY wkdufkdufa&mif;csjcif;
jyKcyhJ gonf/ 1977-ckEpS rf pS wif qefEiS q
hf efxu
G yf pn;f wpfcw
k nf;uko
d m XmerSwu
dk f u
dk af &mif;csvmonfrmS
,aeYxdyif jzpfygonf/
(c) or0g,rykdiftcef;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f or0g,rtoif;onf &ckdifjynfe,ftoif;pkESifh ukefoG,fa&;aumfykda&;&Sif;rsm;rS
ukefypnf;rsm;ukd 0,f,ljzefYjzL;cJh&m ESpfpOfwefbkd;usyf (5-odef;) cefYrQ&Sdonf[k awGU&Sd&ygonf/
jynfolYb@ma&;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif;&Sd bkefâumfykda&;&Sif;ÔD;pD;XmeESihf aumifpDtqifhqifh\ jynfolYb@m &ôkH;
pm&if;rSm atmufygtwkdif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
1/
tcGef&aiG
2/
omref&aiG
3/
omreftokH;p&dwf
4/
aiGvkH;aiG&if;tokH;p&dwf
5/
bPfpkaqmif;aiGrsm;
(u) pkaiGpmtkyfjzifh
(c)
aiGpkvufrSwfjzihf6/
or0g,raiGpkaiGacs;rsm;
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
71
1/ tcGef&aiG
pOf
ck ESpf cG J a0csxm;aiG trS ef0if aiG rsm; rS wfcsuf
1976-77
476350
364194
1977-78
457150
369104
1978-79
590765
344147
1979-80
307215
308717
1980-81
294550
363155
1981-82
321500
181079
7^81txddom
2/ omref&aiG
pOf
1
ckE Sp fa iGp m&if;

cGJa 0csxm;aiG
acgif; pOf
- 1976-77
trSe f& aiG
usyf
usyf
1 r-e-u
2 OD;pD;Xmersm;
3 aumfy kda &;&Si f;
100
14353
-
8094
1014873
4 pnfy ifo m,m

pkp kaygif;
1977-78
14453
1022967
1 r-e-u
2 OD;pD;Xmersm;
100
81970
-
12997
73291
972728
4 pnfy ifo m,m

pkp kaygif;
1978-79
1 r-e-u
106220
188290
132750
1059036
100
2871
2 OD;pD;Xmersm;
4 pnfy ifo m,m
71970
142370
69221
937950
144243
pkp kaygif;
214440
1050405
rSw f c suf
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
72
pOf
4
ck ES pf
aiG pm&if ;acgif ;pOf
cG J a0csxm;aiG
trS ef &aiG
usyf
usyf
1979-80
1 r-e-u
100 -
2 OD;pD;Xmersm;
3 aumfykda&;&Sif;
26540
-
4 pnfyifom,m
pkpkaygif;
5
37711
1365956
142920
170345
169560
1575012
100
100
45510
34099
1980-81
1 r-e-u
2 OD;pD;Xmersm;
3 aumfykda&;&Sif;
4 pnfyifom,m
pkpkaygif;
6
rS wf csuf
2048205
157820
210174
203430
2292579
1981-82
1 r-e-u
100
2 OD;pD;Xmersm;
3 aumfykda&;&Sif;
4 pnfyifom,m
pkpkaygif;
61420
-
135 7^81xd
527675
69253
167270
597063
228795
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
73
3/ omreftokH;p&dwf
pOf
1
c k E S p f a i G p m& i f ;
c GJa 0
ac gi f ; p O f
& mx m;ai G
1976-77
1 reu
jyeft yf
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
1497240
1485761 (-)
11479
jyeft yf
3 au mfy kda &;&Si f;
7605770
7640971 (+)
35201
ykdo kH;
4 pn fy ifo m, m
- (-)
9638290
9269171 (-)
289118
jyeft yf
705980
511861 (-)
194119
jyeft yf
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
1682520
1734084 (+)
51564
ykdo kH;
5172975
5108228 (-)
64747
jyeft yf
4 pn fy ifo m, m
91535
89748 (-)
1787
jyeft yf
7653010
7443921 (-)
289089
jyeft yf
809416
671495 (-)
137921
jyeft yf
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
1827990
1805607 (-)
22383
jyeft yf
11415737
11611567 (+)
195810
ykdo kH;
4 pn fy ifo m, m
127250
119674 (-)
7576
jyeft yf
14180393
14208343 (-)
24950
jyeft yf
449900
414325 (-)
35575
jyeft yf
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
1982300
1892657 (-)
89643
jyeft yf
13062740
13162143 (+)
99403
ykdo kH;
4 pn fy ifo m, m
119000
114026 (-)
49748
jyeft yf
15613940
1558351 (-)
30789
jyeft yf
842960
681127 (-)
161833
jyeft yf
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
2185400
2177052 (-)
108348
jyeft yf
12352128
12518788 (+)
166460
ykdo kH;
4 pn fy ifo m, m
124500
119600 (-)
4900
jyeft yf
15505188
15396567 (-)
108621
jyeft yf
892280
172057
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
2178080
663229
7^81
2415733
1692436
t x do m
4 pn fy ifo m, m
148800
11647
1977-78
pkp ka ygif;
19779-80
1 reu
pkp ka ygif;
1980-81
1 reu
pkp ka ygif;
6
1978-79
1 reu
u syf
312841
pkp ka ygif;
u syf
222439 (-)
1 reu
u syf
535280
pkp ka ygif;
2
t r S e f u k e f u sai G y k d v QH jy e f t y f a i G r S w f c su f
1981-82
1 reu
pkp ka ygif;
5634893
2539369
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
74
4/ aiGvkH;aiG&if; tokH;p&dwf
pOf
1
ck E S p f a cgif ; pOf cG J a 0csxm;aiG trS e f o k H ; aiG yk d v QH jyef t yf a iG rS w f c suf

1976-77
1 reu
35000
34346 (-)
4 pnfyifo m,m
47500
654
jyeft yf
46846 (-)
654
1977-78
-
1420
1420
3 aumfykda &;&Sif;
4 pnfyifo m,m
20000
20000
21420
21420
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
1450
1450
3 aumfykda &;&Sif;
13000
12967 (-)
33
jyeft yf
4 pnfyifo m,m
23180
20166 (-)
3014
jyeft yf
37630
34583 (-)
3047
1978-79
1 reu
pkpka ygif;
1979-80
1 reu
1430
1430
3 aumfykda &;&Sif;
4 pnfyifo m,m
22130
21427 (-)
703
23500
22857 (-)
703
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
pkpka ygif;
jyeft yf
1980-81
1 reu
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
3 aumfykda &;&Sif;
495000
4 pnfyifo m,m
23000
pkpka ygif;
6
3 aumfykda &;&Sif;
pkpka ygif;
12500
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
usyf
12500
1 reu
usyf
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
pkpka ygif;
2
usyf
518000
494680 (-)
320
jyeft yf
23000
517680 (-)
320
1981-82
1 reu
2 OD; pD; Xmersm;
3 aumfykda &;&Sif;
4 pnfyifo m,m
pkpka ygif;
23000
23000
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
75
5(u)
(u) aiGpkpmtkyfjzihf ESpftvkduf pkaqmif;onfhaiGrsm;
pOf
ES p f tvd k uf
pm&if ;OD ;a&
pk aqmif ;aiG
4 1979-80
482
482291^64
5 1980-81
429
549757^68
6 1981-82
406
781270^95
1 1976-77
2 1977-78
3 1978-79
1317
rS wf c suf
aiGpkbPfukd ppfawGrS
1979 ck ZGGefvrSpwif
vTJajymif;ay;onf/
1981-ck Zlvkdifv
(31)&ufaeYxd
1813320^27
(1) aiGpkvufrSwfjzihf ESpftvkduf pkaqmif;onfhaiGrsm;
pOf ES p f t vk d u f
pm&if ; OD ; a&
pk a qmif ; aiG
1976-77
418
26235^-
1977-78
120
5795^-
1978-79
135
5105^-
1979-80
211
26260^-
1980-81
393
44710^-
1981-82
467
70910^-
1744
179035^-
rS w f c suf
1970 ckZlv kdifv

(31)&ufa eYx d
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
76
6/ aiGpkaiGacs;rsm; or0g,toif;rsm; tajcjypm&if;

b@ma&;ESpf
pOf
toif; trnf
1976-77
1 ynma&;Xme
2 trIxrf;aygif;pkH
3 jynfolY&J
1977-78
1 ynma&;Xme
2 trIxrf;aygif;pkH
3 jynfolY&J
1978-79
1 ynma&;Xme
2 trIxrf;aygif;pkH
3 jynfolY&J
1979-80
1 ynma&;Xme
2 trIxrf;aygif;pkH
3 jynfolY&J
1980-81
1 ynma&;Xme
2 trIxrf;aygif;pkH
3 jynfolY&J
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1981-82
ynma&;Xme
trIxrf;aygif;pkH
jynfolY&J
o^rOD;pD;Xme
o^rtoif;
usef;rma&;
ukefoG,fv,f,m
toif;
oif; om;OD; a&
tpka iG omrefa cs; tom;wif tjrwf

yrmP aiG yrmP tom;wif tIhH;
1
1
1
3
119
106
58
283
1900 126655 +
2174 67077 +
1180 40226 +
5254 233958 +
1701
717
282
2700
1
1
1
3
247
262
63
572
7370 189465 +
6109 67430 +
1200 57265 +
14679 314160 +
892
959
444
1
1
1
3
261
262
63
586
8190 233835 +
9729 83171 +
1730 74456 +
19649 391462 +
5854
2936
1192
9982
1
1
1
3
283
401
75
759
8550 241455 +
11019 83650
2030 78534
21599 403639
4798
383
1453
6634
1
1
1
3
276
336
87
699
8220
9459
2610
20289 283345
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
273
363
88
44
35
58
41
902
8130
10569
2640
1320
1080
1700
1230
26669
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
77
ykaYd qmifqufo,
G af &;u@
a&aMumif;vkyfief;rsm;
(u) jynfwGif;ESihfyifv,furf;kd;wef;a&aMumif;c&D;vrf;rsm;
jynfolykdiftcef;rS jynfwGif;a&aMumif;c&D;vrf;rsm;rSm ppfawG-aygufawm-yef;ajrmif;txd&SdNyD;
or0g,rykdiftcef;rS rif;jym;-aygufawm-ppfawGxd &Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ yk*vduykdiftcef;rS rif;jym;ppfawG^rif;jym;-ajrykH^rif;jym;-ajrmufOD;^rif;jym;-yef;ajrmif; ponfNrdKUe,ftwGif; oGm;vmEdkifaMumif;awGU&Sd
&ygonf/
(c) oabFmqdyfrsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif oabFmqdyfr&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
(*) a&,mOfrsm; (ykdifqkdifrIu@tvkduf)

(1) jynfolykdiftcef;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f jynfolykdiftcef; o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;,mOfr&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
(2) or0g,rykdiftcef;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,for0g,toif;wGif 1978-79 ckESpfrSp a&,mOfBuD;wpfpD;? a&,mOfi,f 2-pD;jzihf
o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd vkyfukdifcJhygonf/ vkyfief;wGufajcrudkufygojzihf a&,mOfi,f 2-pD;ukd
&yfwefYxm;NyD; a&,mOfBuD;wpfpD;jzihfom rif;jym;-aygufawm-ppfawG c&D;pOfukd wpfywfvQif 2-Budrfus
ajy;qGJay;vQuf&Sdygonf/
yef;ajrmif;aus;&Gm or0g,rtoif;ESihf a&Twrmaus;&Gmor0g,rtoif;wGifvnf; ulbkdwm
pufwwfa&,mOf-2pD; o,f,yl aYdk qmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd vkyu
f idk cf ahJ omfvnf; wGuaf jcrudu
k yf gojzihf &yfqidk ;f
xm;ygaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
(3) yk*vduykdiftcef;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f yk*vduykdif a&aMumif;o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;u@wGif pufwwfa&,mOfBuD;i,f 10pD;cef&Y adS Mumif; od&&dS ygonf/ if;wko
Yd nf ppfawG-ajryk-H ajrmufO;D ESifh wjcm;NrKd Ue,frsm;okYd oGm;vmaeygaMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf/
(C) a&vrf;c&D;wkd;csJUa&;tvm;tvm
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fonf &ckdifjynf\awmifbufykdif; NrdKUe,frsm;ESihf tquftoG,fr&Sdygojzihf vkyfom;
jynfolrsm; oGm;vma&;ESihf ukefypnf;rsm;wifykdYa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtcuftcJ&SdaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ ppfrjzpf
rD tcsed u
f mvwGif ppfawGâygufawm^rif;jym;âjryk^H ausmufjzLâwmifuek cf &D;pOf&cdS yhJ gaMumif; od&&dS yg
if;c&D;pOfukd jyefvnfzGifhvSpfay;yg&efrif;jym;NrdKUe,f jynfolYaumifpD tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ 11-7-81
aeYpGJygpmtrSwf 24^reu-pD;yGm;(1)^81(194)jzihf jynfe,f^NrdKUe,f yxrokH;vywf pD;yGm;a&;pDrHudef;
dEIdif;tpnf;ta0;wGif wifjyxm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f or0g,rtoif;\ a&,mOfBuD; vkyfief;rS ppfawG^bl;oD;awmifvIdif;wGif wywf
wpfBudrfus wkd;csJUajy;qGJay;&ef pDpOfcJhaomfvnf; yk*vdu a&,mOfrsm;ESihf ,SOfNydKifEdkfifjcif; r&Sdygojzihf
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
78
c&D;pOfukd rwdk;csJUEkdifcJhyg/ odkYaomf rif;jym;âjrmif;bG,f^yef;ajrmif; c&D;pOfwkd;csJUajy;qGJ&ef tpDtpOf&Sdyg

aMumif; od&Sdygonf/
(3) yk*vduykdiftcef;
yk*vduykdiftcef;rS c&D;vrf;wkd;csJUa&;tvm;tvm &Sdr&Sdrodao;aMumif; wifjyvkdygonf/
(i) oabFmusif;vkyfief;rsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif oabFmusif;vkyfief;r&SdaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
(p) ykdifqkdifrIu@tvkduf ukefoG,fykdYaqmifrIvkyfief;

rif;jym;NrdKUe,f a&aMumif;ykdYaqmifa&;aumfykda&;&Sif;rS ESpftvkduf ukefoG,fykdYaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;
rnfonfhrnfrQ &Sdonfukd rawGU&Sd&ao;yg/
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f or0g,rykdifa&,mOfrsm;jzihf or0g,rESihf yk*vduykdif ukefypnf;rsm;ukd ESpfpOf
ukefwefcsdef (1200)cefY ykdYaqmifay;Ekdifonfukdvnf; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
avaMumif;c&D;rsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f avaMumif;c&D; r&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
ukef;vrf;rsm;
(u) ukef;vrf;c&D;rsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,frS uefazaus;&Gmtxd armfawmfum; oGm;vmygonf/ ukef;vrf;c&D;wpfckwnf;
&SdaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
(c) ukef;vrf;,mOfrsm; (ykdifqkdifrIu@tvkduf)

rif;jym;NrdKUe,f jynfolykdiftcef;ESihf or0g,rykdif armfawmf,mOfrsm;r&Sdonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
yk*vduykdifarmfawmfum; (5)pD;om&SdNyD; if;jzihf ukef;vrf;c&D;oGm;vmolrsm; c&D;oGm;vmaMumif; awGU&Sd&yg
onf/
(*) ukefvrf;wkd;csJU&ef tvm;tvm

rif;jym;NrdKUe,f armfawmfum;rsm; oGm;vmEdkifatmif wkd;csJUvrf;c&D;rsm;tjzpf usdef;wpfywfvrf;^
rif;jym;-NcDawmifvrf;^rif;jym;-pravvrf;azmufvkyf taumiftxnfazmfqJjzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/
(C) ukefpnfykdYaqmifa&;vkyfief; (ykdifqkdifrIu@tvkduf)

yk*vduykdifykdYaqmifa&;vkyfief;rsm; jzpfygojzihf rod&&SdygaMuif; wifjyvkdygonf/
rD;jywkdufESihf a&aMumif;wkdif;wma&; tcsufjyu&d,mrsm;

rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif rD;jywkdufESihf a&aMumif;wkdif;wma&; r&SdaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
79
pmwkdufrsm;
(u) vuf&Sdtajctae
rif;jyNrdKUe,f pmwkdufXmeukd rnfonfhESpfwGif pwifzGifhvSpfcJhonfukd twdtus rod&cJhaomfvnf;

ESpfaygif;(4)ESpfausmfcefYrSp zGifhvSpfcJhonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ pwifzGihfvSpfcsdefwGif tv,fykdif;&ufuGuf
zGifhvSpfcJhNyD; 1950-ckESpfrS 53 ckESpftxd tv,fykdif;&yfuGuf&Sd rcifaxG;aetdrf zGihfvSpfcJhaMumif; od&Sd&yg
onf/ 1953-ckESpfrS 1959-ckESpftxd tv,fykdif;&yfuGuf OD;MumyGifhBuD;aetdrfwGif zGihfvSpfcJhaMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf/ 1959-ckESpfrS 1967 ckESpftxd aps;a[mif;ykdif;&yfuGuf&Sd OD;ausmfxGef;OD;aetdrf zGihfvSpfcJhNyD;
1967-ck atmufwb
dk mvrSp ,cktaqmuftOD;odYk ajymif;a&TUzGiv
fh pS cf yhJ gonf/ jrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f &Sd pmwku
d f
aMu;eef;ESifh w,fvzD ek ;f tm;vk;H ukd pkpnf; 1975-ck rwfvrSp qufo,
G af &;aumfyadk &;&Si;f [k trnfajymif;
vJcJhygonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif NrdKUrpmwkdufESihf yef;ajrmif;pmra0pmwkduf 2-ckom&Sdygonf/
(c) wkd;csJU&eftvm;tvm
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f yef;ajrmif;pmra0pmwkdufukd pma0pmwkduftqifhodkY wkd;csJUzGihfvSpfay;&ef rif;jym;NrdKU
e,f jynfolYaumifpD tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUrS oufqkdif&modkY wifjyawmif;cHxm;ygojzihf vmrnfh 198283 ck pwkwav;ESpf pDrHudef;umv\ yxrESpfwGif wkd;csJUzGihfvSpfay;rnf[k od&Sd&ygonf/
aMu;eef;qufo,
G af &;
(u) aMu;eef;vkyfief;tajctae
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f aMu;eef;kH;wpfkH;om&SdNyD; if;ukd wkduftaqmuftOD;yif zGihfvSpfxm;ygonf/
(c) pum;ajymzkef;rsm;tajctae
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif vuf&Sdtajctae pum;ajymzkef;r&Sdaomfvnf; 1981-82ckESpf pDrHudef;umv
twGif; w,fvDzkef;tNyD; wyfqif&ef vkdtyfaomwkdif;wmrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhygaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
rkd;av0oESifh ZvaA'
(u) rkd;av0opcef;rsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f jynfolYaq;kHwGif rkd;av0opcef;wpfckESihf yef;ajrmif;aus;&Gmtkyfpk rkd;a&csdefpcef;
2-cktjyif rif;jym;NrdKUe,f v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;aumfykda&;&Sif;wGifvnf; NrdKUr rkd;av0opcrf;wpfckESihf e&rf;yifr
txl;txGufwkd; pcrf;wGif rkd;av0opcef;wpfckpD&SdaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
(c) omrefpcrf;ESifh acwfrSDa&'gpcef;

(*) ZvaA'vkyfief;rsm;
r&Syd g
r&Syd g
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
80
tykdif; (5)
,Ofaus;rI
,Ofaus;rIESihf tEkynm
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif ,Ofaus;rItEkynmvuf&mrsm;tjzpf usdef;awmifay:&Sd usddef;awmifbk&m;
(omoemou&mZf 22-ckESpf)? tdrfa&SUrif; eef;&m(ou&mZf 776- avmif;Muufacwf)? ppfuJodrf? 0efodkodrf?
usdef;awmifwufvrf;avSum;wkdY &SdcJhonf/ NrdKUe,ftwGif; tjcm;kyfwkawmfrsm;vnf; &Sdonf/
xif&Sm;aomapwDykxkd;rsm;
usdef;awmifbk&m;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,f&Sd usdef;awmifbk&m;onf &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; xif&Sm;onhf bk&m;rsm;teuf wpfyg;
tygt0if jzpfayonf/ usdef;awmifbk&m;rSm NrdKU\taemufbuf(414)aytjrifh&Sdonfh usdef;awmifxdyf
wnf&Sdonf/ usdef;awmifbk&m;rSm OmPfawmftjrihf (26)awmif? vkH;ygwfawmf (53)awmif&Sdygonf/
usdef;awmifbk&m;ukd bk&m;\Asm'dwfawmft& ]vQm&if;awmf"mwf}tjzpf omoemou&mZf 222-ckESpf?
taomurif;onf "n0wDacwf ol&,
d pEvrif;xHoYkd "mwfawmfyaYdk qmifNy;D wnfxm;uk;d uG,af wmfrcl o
hJ nf/
xkdYaemuf a0omvDacwf omoemou&mZf 804 ckESpf r[moD&d,mwkdif;pE&m;rif;uvnf;aumif;? &ckdif
ou&mZf 517-ckEpS f oD&pd E&m;rif;uvnf;aumif;? yk&ed Nf rKd Uawmf aumvd,rif;uvnf;aumif;? &ckid o
f u&mZf
485 ckESpf oD&dpE&m;rif; NzdKuGif;? at'D 11-&mpk '&mZmrif;uvnf;aumif;? avmif;Muufacwf ou&mZf
759-ckESpf rif;apmrGefuvnf;aumif;? ajrmufOD;acwf pE0dZ,bGJUcH? usdef;'kH;kduvnf;aumif;? xyfrHrGrf;rH
jyKjyifukd;uG,fawmfrlcJhMuonf/
ausmufpmrsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif;rS awGU&Sd&aomausmufpm;rsm;teuf usdef;awmifajc&if;rS &&Sdaom ausmufpm?
jyif,m;okH;uefpkrS &&SdaomausmufpmESifh arvGef;bk&m; "rcPfausmufpmwkdYrSm xif&Sm;aomausmufpmrsm;
jzpfonf/
usdef;awmif awmifajc&if;rS &&Sdaomausmufpm (at'D 5-&mpk)

ausmufpmukd uG,fvGefol txufwef;ynmOD;pD;Xme? TefMum;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;pHomatmifu at'D
5&mpk a&;xk;d onfh ausmufpmjzpfEidk o
f nf[k vufa&;vufom;cefrY eS ;f csut
f & azmfjyygonf/ a&;xk;d xm;onf
tu&mrSm jAr[Dtu&mjzpfNyD;? bmompum;rSm ou# (0g) ygVd[l cGJjcm;r&ao;aMumif; azmfjycJhygonf/
ausmufpmtxufykdif;rSm a,"r*gxmjzpfNyD; atmufykdif;wGif qkawmif;ESihf wnfcJhonfh rif;trnfygrnf[k
cefYrSef;cJhonf/ ausmufpmukd zwfaeqJrSmyif OD;pHomatmif uG,fvGefcJhojzihf ausmufpmtqkH;wkdif
zwfr&ao;yg/ ausmufpmukd axmufxm; rif;jym;NrdKUe,fonf at'D ig;&mpkrwkdifrDuyif BuD;us,f
pnfum; vlrIa&;? ynma&;? bmoma&; tqifhjrifhaeNyDjzpfaMumif; xif&Sm;ayonf/
(ausmufpmrSm ,cktcg ppfawGNrdKU? ppfawGaumvdyfausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;atmifjrifhxH &Sdaeonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
81
,if;ausmif;tkyfBuD;xH a&mufae&jcif;rSm ausmufpmukd q&mODatmifrif;xHrS OD;pHomatmifu jynfe,f

jynfolYaumifpDtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;a&TZHrS wqifh rSm,lojzihf ay;ykdY&mrS OD;pHomatmif uG,fvGefoGm;ojzihf
ausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;atmifjrifh jyefvnf,laqmifvmum xdrf;odrf;xm;&Sdjcif; jzpfonf/)
used ;f awmifapwDatmuf awmifajc&if;rS&&Sad omausmufpm
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
82
jyif,m;ausmufpm (jyif,m;okH;uefpk ausmufpm- ou&mZf 918)

ausmufpmrSm teHwpfawmif? tvsm;okH;awmif? xkwxGm&Sd pmaMumif;a& ESpfq,fygonf/ (--------)jyxm;aomtpufrsm;rSm "m;aoG;ojzifh ysufaeonf/ ,ck ,if;ausmufpmrSm jyif,m;bkef;awmfBuD;
ausmif;atmufwGif &Sdonf/ ausmufpmrSm ou&mZf 938 ckESpf eef;wufaom ajrmufOD;bk&if rif;apmvS?
bk&m;wnf? odrfaqmufNyD; v,fajrvSLcJhaomtaMumif;ukd a&;xkd;xm;jcif; jzpfayonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
83
arvGe;f bk&m;"rcPfausmufpm
ausmufpmrSm arvGef;aus;&Gm bkef;awmfBuD;ausmif; &SdaomaMu;qif;kyfyGm;awmf "rcPf

a&;xkd;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ou&mZf (893-915)rif;Ambk&ifvufxuf jzpfonf/
ausmufpmeHygwf (1)(2)(3)taxmuftxm;rsm;t& rif;jym;NrdKUe,f acwfOD;orkdif;onf a0omvD

acwfrS ajrmufOD;acwf ukefqkH;onftxd vlaerItqifhjrihfjrifhjzihf? vlrIa&;? bmoma&; ,Ofaus;rI pmaywkdY
ay:xGe;f um Bu;D us,cf ahJ om e,fajrwpfcjk zpfonf/ xkjYd yif av;NrKd Uacwf ae&O&m? awmifiNl rKd Uawmfonfvnf;
aumif;? avmif;Muufacwf tdrfa&SUOy&mZm apmrGefuJhodkYaom tdrfa&SUrif;wkdYonfvnf;aumif;? av;NrdKUjrpf
(tOee'D) t0if0cHwyfBuD; (0g) usdef;cHwyfBuD; (0g) &marmifcHwyfBuD;ukd apmihfxdrf;tkyfcsKyf&mXme (,ck
rif;jym;NrdKUtaemufbuf ra0;vSaomae&mwGif&Sdonfh tdrfa&SUrif;eef;&m)wkdYu oufaocHvsuf&Sdonf/
(&marmifewfBuD;? jyifuqD;onf? &efrD;wpfcg? rjyKvm)[laom a&S;pum;pOfvmrsm;vnf; &Sdayonf/
ajrmufOD;'kwd,acwf? &ckdifya'o&mZf tifyg,mukd wnfaxmifEdkifcJhaom 0Z&&mZmac: (pE0dZ,
rif;)rif;'k;H ko
d nf? rif;jym;NrKd Ue,f used ;f uRe;f iâ0&GmarG;zGm;Ny;D used ;f wkid ;f NrKd Uudk wnfaxmifum &ckid jf ynf
rNidrfroufonfukd Nidrf0yfydjym;apNyD; ajrmufOD;a&Teef;ukd odrf;jref;pkd;pH ,ck b*Fvm;a'csfEkdifiHjzpfaom
b*Fg(12)NrdKUudk jyefvnfodrf;,lNyD; &ckdifNrdKU\aemufqkH; ya'o&mZftifyg,mukd xlaxmifEdkifcJhonfu
vnf;aumif;? &ckdifrif;orD;{csif;(0g) arSmufawmfcsif;a&;q&m NrdKUolBuD; atmifausmfZH ZeD; rdoEma0?
0um{J; (Oum{J;)ukd a&;om;cJhol rif;apmrGef rdzk&m;&SifxGD;jzL tp&Sdaom ynm&SdpmqkdwkdYonfvnf;aumif;?
rif;jym;NrKd Ue,fwiG yf if wnf&jdS cif;? arG;zGm;ay:xGe;f cJjh cif;wku
Yd kd &ckid &f mZ0ifu txift&Sm;azmfjyxm;cJo
h nf/
2
xif&Sm;aomtaqmuftOD;rsm;
usdef;awmifwufavSum;
usdef;awmifwufavSum;rSm *r&GmapwDajrmufzuf usdef;awmifajc&if;rSponf/ ,ck ocsKif;0ae&m
rSponf/ ,if;ae&mrS used ;f awmifxyd &f dS avSum;xpfaygif; (650)&SNd y;D ? t&Sn(f 930)ay? tus,f (5)ay&So
d nf/
avSum;wpfbufwpfcsufwGif xk(1aycGJ)? tjrifh (2ay)? &Sd avSum;tkwfabmif&Sdonf/ awmifajc&if;&Sd
avSum;t0 tkwfckHab;wpfbufwpfcsufpDwGif *VKefacgif;ESihf jcaoFhukd,f&SdNyD; tawmifygaom tkyfESpfkyf
&Sdonf/ azmf&SrmrSwfwrf;wGif if;ukd (
)[l a&;om;xm;onf/ &ckdifwkdYu rEkoD[[k ac:qkdMuonf/
avSum;rSm xkdtcsdef jrefrmjynfwGif awmifwufavSum;rsm;teuf t&SnfqkH;avSum;jzpfaMumif; azmf&Srm
rSwfwrf;wGif azmfjyxm;onf/ avSum;ukd rif;jym;NrdKU? NrdKUtkyf OD;yef;vSrS jyKvkyfvSL'gef;cJhaMumif; od&onf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
84
tdraf &SUrif;eef;&m
tddrfa&SUrif;eef;&monf usdef;awmif? awmifbuf,Gef;,Gef; tdrfa&SUrif;&GmteD;wGif &Sdonf/ ou&mZf

776(avmif;Muufacwf)ckESpf &mZol\om;awmf tdrfa&SUrif;om; rif;apmrGef aexdkifcJhNyD;? 0dZ,bGJUcHudef;
'k;H krd if;\om;awmf &Jabmfaotdraf &SUrif;om;b0jzihf aexkid cf o
hJ nf/ ,ckeef;awmf&mtxufwiG f apwDwpfql
bk&m;kyfxkawmfwpfql &Sdygonf/ awmifwef;wpf0kdufukd dtkwfwHwkdif;jzihf um&Hxm;onfukd awGU&onf/
eef;awmf&mrSm tvsm; 770 ay? teH 40ay? &Sdonf/ wHwkdif;\tjrifhrSm 5aycefY &Sdygonf/ 0ifvrf; 2 ck&Sd
onf/
ppfuJodrfESihf ppfuJuef
i^pnfawmifrS awmifbufoYdk used ;f awmifajc&if;twkid ;f vmvQif awmifyBYdk u;D aus;&GmokYd a&mufrnf/
,if;&GmokYd ra&mufrD &GmOD;rS ta&SUbuf Ncw
d af wmif&mG okYd vrf;&do
S nf/ ,if;vrf;ukd vku
d v
f Qif &GmESirfh a0;aom
awmifurlay:wGif ppfuJodrf&Sdonf/ ,if;ukd tcsKdUu ppfuJrodrf[k ac:onf/ odrfukd ausmuftkwfjzihf
jyKvkyfxm;onf/ ausmuftkwfeH&Hrsm;wGif vuf&majrmufvSaom yef;yk yef;csDrsm; xkvkyfa&;qGJxm;onf/
wnfaqmufyo
Hk PmefrmS odrw
f pfcv
k ;Hk ukd ausmuftw
k jf zihf 0ef;&Hr;dk umvsuf ausmuftyk ef &H w
H w
Ydk iG f yef;ajymuf
yef;EG,frsm;azmfum? axmifhcsKd;ae&mrsm;wGif vSyaom yef;cufrsm;wif txufae&mrsm;wGif uEkwfyef;?
jcL;yef;rsm;jzihf xGif;xkxm;onf/
usdef;awmifwpf0kduf&Sd a&S;a[mif;vuf&mrsm;teuf vuf&mtajrmufjrm;qkH;aom taqmuftOD;yif
jzpfonf/ &ckdifwkdY\ a&S;a[mif;tEkynm? yef;csD? yef;ykvuf&mrsm;ukd awGU&SdEdkifonfh odrfawmfBuD;vnf;
jzpfonf/ ,if;awmifurlatmufwiG f uefBu;D ESpu
f ef&o
dS nf/ ppfurJ uef[k ac:Muonf/ odru
f dk aqmufvyk f
vSL'gef;cJhaom ppfuJBuD;rSm rnfonfhrif;\ ppfuJjzpfonfukd rawGU&ao;ay/ pr0ufNrdKUrS ppfuJBuD;wpfOD;
jzpfvdrfhrnf[k cefYrSef;&onf/ odrf&Sdbk&m;ESihf ausmufqpfvuf&mrsm;rSm ajrmufOD;acwfxuf aemufusrnf
r[kwf[k cefYrSef;Muonf/
0efokduef? 0efokdodrf? 0efokd*l

0efokd[lonfrSm 0efokdtrwfukd ac:jcif;jzpfonf/ 0efokdtrwfonf &Sifbk&if\0ef(0g) ypnf;yp,
wkdYukd okdavSmifxm;aomwkdufukd apmihf&onfhtrwfjzpfonf/ jrefrma0g[m&jzihf ajym&ygrl a&Twkdufpkd;rif;
jzpfayvdrrhf nf/ 0efot
dk rwfuefrmS xl;qef;onf/ tvsm; teHpwk&ef;ykjH zpfonf/ tem;wpfbuf tawmif
(120)cefYpD&Sdonf/ uefukd ajrtkwfeDrsm;jzihf av;bufav;wefeH&Hrsm;ESihf atmufajcMurf;jyifygrusef pDxm;
onfukd awGU&onf/ uefabmifkd;ukdvnf; tkwfjzihfyif pDzkdYxm;onfukd awGU&onf/ uefqif;vrf;? wufvrf;
ukdvnf; tkwfjzihfyif jyKvkyfxm;onfukd awGU&onf/
0efokduefESihf ta&SUawmifaxmifhuefESihf ra0;aomukef;ajray:wGif ,if;trwf wnfxm;cJhaom
odrfawmfwpfck&Sdonf/ odrfawmfukd ausmuftkwfjzihf wHwkdif;ESpfxyf um&HjyKvkyfxm;onf/ yxrwHwkdif;rSm
tjrifh 5ay&Sd? 'kwd,wHwkdif;rSm tjrifh 4ay&Sdonf/ 'kwd,wHwkdif;wGif odrforkwf ,if;twGif;wGif
odrfaqmufum odrftwGif; ausmufqif;xk wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhonf/ qif;wkawmfatmufajcyvifrSm
ausmufqpfvuf&majrmufvSaom yvifawmfwpfckjzpfonf/ odrfawmftwGif; wHwkdif;Murf;jyifESihf
tjyifwHwkdif;Murf;jyifESpfckvkH;ukd ausmuftkwfjzihf cif;usif;xm;onf/
0efokdodrf\awmifbufwGif *lBuD;wpf*l&Sdonf/ ausmuftkwfjzifh jyKvkyf wHwkdif;ukdyg ausmuftkwf
wkjYd zihf um&Hxm;onf/ twGi;f wGif ausmufq
f if;xkb&k m;Bu;D wpfq&l o
dS nf/ vusmf &ef vuf0&J ef bk&m;av;yg;
ESihf *lBuD;ywfvnfwGif OmPfawmftBuD;ti,f ausmufqif;xkbk&m;rsm; eH&HwpfavQmufwGif ae&mwus
jyKvkyfxm;cJhonf/ okdY&mwGif ,cktcg ,if;*lBuD;rSm NydKusysufpD;vsuf&Sdonf/ *lBuD;ukdvnf; 0efokdtrwfyif
wnfxm;ukd;uG,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
85
wkdif;&if;om; kd;&m,Ofaus;rIESihf tEkynmrsm;
0wfpm;qif,ifyHk
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; a&S;acwftcguyif &ckdifya'o&mZf\ 0wfpm;xkH;zGJUrIESihfrjcm; 0wfpm;qif,if
cJhaMumif;ukd ppfuJodrf? rsufarSmifawmfodrf ponfawGU&Sdaom kyfxk? kyfvkH;? kyf<u? yef;yk? yef;csDvuf&mrsm;
u acwfaMu;rkHobG,f &Sdaeonf/ &ckdifrdef;rBuD;rsm;rSm txufvTmygaom aemufpxydefukd &ifzkH;txdwif
vQuf tNrJwrf; cg;BudK;pnf;xm;avh&Sdonf/ tusqkdvQifvnf; tEkdY(ac:)wufrwufESifh &ifrdwfudk tokH;jyK
onf/ xydeftqift,ifrSmvnf; t&ifha&mifrsm;ukd ykdNyD;ESpfoufMuNyD; wa&mifcsif;ydef;rS EG,f&pfrefusnf;yGifh
tqifhuefYvefYjzwfrsm;ukd tokH;jyKwwfMuonf/ em;a#mif;rSm pdefjywf? ywfvdyf? bl;zifoPmefponfjzihf
t&G,fudkvkdufNyD; tBuD;ti,f yefqifMuonf/ tysKd&G,frsm;rSm? em;uyf? em;yef? em;AD? em;qGJrsm;ukd 0wfqif
wwfMuonf/ a&S;rdef;uav;i,frsm;rSm bmZkac: (,ck
a,mufusm;BuD;rsm;rSm nmzufrS wzufxGufacgif;aygif;&SmBuD;rsm;ukd &pfywfqif,ifavh&SdMuonf/
ta&mifrSm yef;a&mifESihf teDa&mifukd tokH;rsm;onf/ awmif&Snfykqkd;ac: ukd;awmif'a,mESihf tay:tus
ab;wwfvuf&SnfzGm;zGm;rsm;ukd qif,ifMuNyD; a,mifxkH;avh &SdMuonf/
bmompum;ESihf a'oE&tvkduf ajymaompum;rsm;

rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif trsm;qkH;ajymaompum;rSm &ckdifpum;yif jzpfygonf/ a'otvkduf tcsKdUae&m
rsm;wGif 'dkif;eufpum;? crD;ESihf NrdKpum; ponfwkdYukd ajymqkdol tenf;i,fukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/
xl;jcm;aom"avhxkH;wrf;rsm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,ftwGif; xl;jcm;aom "avhxkH;wrf;rsm;ESihf ywfouf ESpfopful;r*Fvm? orufwuf
r*Fvm? &SifjyKr*Fvm? tokbtcrf;tem;rsm;ukd &ckdifjynfe,ftwGif; tjcm;a'orsm; jyKvkyfusif;yonfESihf
rjcm; twlwlyifjyKvkyfavh&SdMuonf/ okdY&mwGif wausmif; wpf*gxm w&Gmwpfyk'fqef; qkdouJhokdY
a&ajra'oukd vkduf tenf;i,fom uGJjym;rI&SdaMumif; awGU&onf/
&ckdifjynfe,ftwGif;&Sd tjcm;NrdKUe,frsm;xuf xl;jcm;aom bmoma&; xkH;wrf;"avhwpfckrSm
]used ;f awmfZ0D gS "mwfawmf ylaZmfyBJG u;D }yifjzpfonf/ used ;f uRe;f om;wko
Yd nf used ;f awmifZ0D gS "mwfawmfudk ylaZmfvm
cJo
h nfrmS used ;f awmifZ0D gS wnfp? omoemou&mZf (222)ckEpS rf yS if jzpfayrnf/ aumZmou&mZf (770)ckEpS f
wGif avmif;MuufxD;eef;pkd;pHaom rif;apmrGef rjzpfrD i,fpOftcg usdef;awmif ZD0Sg"mwfawmfukd usdef;uRef;
om;wkdY ylaZmfyGJBuD;odkY ukd&if0wfESifh a&mufbl;aMumif; taxmuftxm;&Sdonf/
usdef;uRef;om;wkdYonf oBuFefrwkdifrD wpfywfcefYuyif pnfukdwD;&ef avhusihfjcif;rSm "mwfawmfukd
pnfoHESihf ylaZmf&efjzpfNyD; "mwfawmf&ifjyif wHcGefESifh 'ufpGefvTihf&mwGif wD;&eftwGuf avhusihfjcif;yifjzpf
onf/ wHcGefESihf pnfylaZmfyGJukd ESpfqef;wpf&ufaeYeHeufwGif usif;yonf/ usdef;uRef;&Sd? iy,ifh(iNyDtif;)?
tonf&m? *r&Gma'gifh(axmifh)acsmif;BuD;? Al;yifponfh aus;&Gmrsm;wGif oBuFefrusrDwpfywfcefYuyif pnfoH
wnHnHjzihf &Gmol&Gmom;rsm; pka0;um wHcGefESihf 'ufpGefwkdYwGif apwDykH? bk&m;ykH? jy'fykHrsm;ukd azmf&ufvkyf
jcif;? tvSL&Sif? &Gmtrnfrsm;ukd pmvkH;azmf &ufvkyfjcif; jyKvkyfMuonf/ wHcGef? 'ufpGefwkdYukd oBuFeftMuwfaeY
wGif q&mawmfausmif;odkY ,laqmifum q&mawmftm; qufuyfonf/ q&mawmfausmif; tjcm;vkdtyf
aom jyKzG,fudpwkdYukd jyKvkyfMuonf/ &ckdifESpfqef;wpf&ufaeYwGif ausmif;xkdifq&mawmfBuD;u OD;aqmifum
wHcGef? 'ufpGefwkdYukd (,ciftac: acgif;wvm;i,f)xrf;pifi,fESifh wif o,faqmifum aemufrS w&m;yGJ
vrf; vkHrysKd? aemufyef;rm vkHrysKdrsm; BuD;pOfi,fvkduf wef;aemufqkH;rS pnform;rsm; wD;cwfvkdufygvm
um used ;f awmifay:okYd wufvmMuonf/ bk&m;ay:okaYd &mufaomtcg used ;f awmif"mwfudk vusmf &pfo;Hk ywf
vSnu
fh m pnfojH zihf "mwfawmfudk ylaZmfoum,jyKMuonf/ wefaqmif;Z&yf pka0;um ig;yg;oDv? &Spyf g;oDv
&ckid o
f m;BuD;pmay
86
,lMuNyD;? wHcGef? 'ufpGefrsm;ukd vSL'gef;um a&pufcstrQay;a0 tawmif 40 jrifhaom wkdifwGif tawmif

20 &Snfaom wHcGef? 'ufpGefwkdYukd vTifhxlNyD; om"kokH;Budrfac:Muonf/
wHcGef? 'ufpGefvTifhxljcif;rSm a&S;&ckdifpum;t& wkdif;jynkfEkdifiHat;csrf;pnfyifapaMumif; jzpfonfh
tjyif? at;csrf;pnfyifom,maeaMumif;ukdvnf; &yfa0;&yfeD;rS od&Sdatmif vTifhxlMujcif; &nf&G,fcsufyif
jzpfonf/ &nf&,
G cf sujf zihf rif;jym;NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f &Sd used ;f uRe;f om;rsm;rSm bk;d pOfabmifqufuyif jyKusiv
fh m
Muaom xl;jcm;onfh "avhwpfckukd ,aeYxufwkdif usif;yvsuf&Sdonf/
aw;*DwESihf 'l&d,m
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fonf "n0wD? a0omvD? av;NrdKU? ajrmufOD; ponfh &ckdifwkdY BuD;us,fxif&Sm;cJhaom
acwfav;acwfpvkH;\ tajcjyK&mt&yfa'ojzpfonfhtjyif av;NrdKUacwfwGifum; t"dutcsuftcsma'o
wpfckjzpfonf/ ,if;aMumihf &ckdifaw;*DwESihf &ckdif'l&d,mrsm;xGef;um;&m NrdKUe,fwpfckjzpfonf/ oQifxGD;qkd
pum;tJ;(oumtJ)t&qkdvQif? &ckdifacwfav;acwfpvkH;? pnftwwfynm&Sifrsm;onf rif;jym;NrdKUe,f
ay:xGef;cJhonf/ pnftrIxrf;rsm;rSmvnf; rif;jym;NrdKUe,fom;rsm;yif jzpfaMumif;od&onf/
&ckdifwl&d,mrsm;wGif cGufcGif? pnf;cwf? armif;? aMu;? pnf? ywvm; ponfhaMu;jzihf jyKvkyfaomt&m
rsm;? apmif;aumuf? rD;ausmif;ponfh BudK;jzihf wwfqifhxm;onfh ud&d,mrsm;? wpfzufydwf? ESpfzufydwf
ponfh ajrmufpnf? oHvGifpnf? rkkd;pnf? pnfykwf? pnfBuD;? pnfyef;awmif;? pnf0ef;wpfzuf? cwfpnf?
pnf&Snf? pnftdk(tkd;pnf)? 'kyg? 'kHrif;? ywfom? ywfr? yef;wsm; paomom;a&Muwf ud&d,mrsm;? c&maumuf?
c&m`rTm? vufwHwkd? vufwH&Snf? aum? jiif;? csnfacgif;? zufvdyf? ESJ? ckoif;? ykavGtrsKd;rsKd; ponfh
avrIwu
f &d ,
d mrsm;? 0g;vufcyk ?f vufajrm uf? vufcyk ?f vufMum;vufcyk ?f ausmufvufcyk f paomud&,
d mrsm;
ponhf'l&d,mtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukd a&S;,cifuyif rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwpf0kdufwGif &SdaecJhaMumif; taxmuftxm;rsm;
&Sdonf/ rif;jym;NrdKUe,fwGif kd;&maw;oDcsif;rsm;jzpfaom omacsmhaw;? aus;vufaw;? {,if? ,drf;tcsKdUukd
vnf; awGU&Sd&onf/
om;acsmhaw;wGif a&S;&ckdifrdcifrsm;onf uav;ukdcsDvsuf v0ef;ycsdefwGif ]vZeD? vZeDt,if
ajy;vwf ? eysKd ; oD ; ,l c ? oum,l c ? tyk a oQyprS m ? tmavmuf a vmuf a *smuf } [l vnf ; aumif ; ?
]tykaoQradk &ykcu
G u
f ? aMumifaoQjrnfa&? ykyaf xmifu
h }[lvnf;aumif;? Zefyavmif(ZGeyf vGe)f oD;? rk;d rZmvkYd
rBuD;od? rkd;Zmvwfaw tjzLaroQifqkdcfar}[lvnf;aumif;? uefabmifatmufu wDuspfaoQ? w&Gif;,lc
wl;uwfar? armifvmvkdYyif uGrf;raw? ESrrkdufawqkdvwfay}[lvnf;aumif;? ]vufpGyfaoQu ajcaysmuf
ca&? &SmvkrYd & tom;kd vlysKv
d ufrm? b,fbufuav? b,fzufu [lvnf;aumif;? om;acsmah w;trsK;d rsK;d
wkdYudk awGU&Sd&NyD; rif;jym;NrdKUe,f awm&Gma'o &ckdiftrsKd;orD;rdcifrsm;\ yg;pyfrsm;wGif om;acsmhaw;rsm;pGm
ukd ,aeYwkdifoDqkd odyfaeMuqJyifjzpfonf/
{,iftJcsif;rsm;wGif xif&Sm;aomtJcsif;rsm;rSm pmqkdoQifxDG; a&;om;aom 0umtJ(OumtJ) pmqkd
t'lrif;kda&;aom &ckdifrif;orD;tJcsif;? arSmufawmftJcsif;ESihf trnfrodpmqkda&; pE0dZ,ppfatmiftJcsif;
wkdYyifjzpfonf/ (tJcsif; pmayu@wGif azmfjyxm;onf/)
kd;&mtuESifh qef;opfvmaomtursm;
rif;jym;NrdKUe,fonf &ckdif,Ofaus;rI tajcjyK&mt&yfa'ojzpf&um;? &ckdifwkdY\ a&S;tEkynm kd;&m
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pmqkd&Sif rdoEma0 (1197)

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