PROBLEM 1.19 KNOWN: Length, diameter and maximum allowable surface temperature of a power transistor.

Temperature and convection coefficient for air cooling. FIND: Maximum allowable power dissipation. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Negligible heat transfer through base of transistor, (3) Negligible heat transfer by radiation from surface of transistor. ANALYSIS: Subject to the foregoing assumptions, the power dissipated by the transistor is equivalent to the rate at which heat is transferred by convection to the air. Hence,

Pelec = qconv = hA ( Ts T )
2 where A = DL + D2 / 4 = 0.012m 0.01m + ( 0.012m ) / 4 = 4.90 104 m 2 .
For a maximum allowable surface temperature of 85C, the power is Pelec = 100 W/m 2 K 4.90 104 m 2

) (85 25) C = 2.94 W

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COMMENTS: (1) For the prescribed surface temperature and convection coefficient, radiation will be negligible relative to convection. However, conduction through the base could be significant, thereby permitting operation at a larger power. (2) The local convection coefficient varies over the surface, and hot spots could exist if there are locations at which the local value of h is substantially smaller than the prescribed average value.

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