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Organism Ascaris lumbricoide s Enterobius vermicularis Ancylostom a duodenale Necator americanus Strongyloid es stercoralis Trichostron gylus spp. Trichuris trichiura Capillaria philippinens is Human whipwor m Barrel/football shaped ova; 2 prominent polar plugs Peanut-shaped ova; 2 flat polar plugs Common name Human Roundwo rm Human pinworm Old world hookwor m New world hookwor m Human threadwo rm Distinct Characteristics Largest nematode; presence of albuminoid coat in fertilized egg Colorless, Dshaped ova 2 pairs of ventral teeth; c-shaped 1 pair of cutting plated; s-shaped Habitat Small intestine MOT Ingestion of fertilized egg (oral-fecal) Inhalation of ova; oralfecal Skin penetration Skin penetration Skin penetration Ingestion of filariform larvae; skin penetration Oral-fecal Infective Stage Fertilized ova Diagnostic Stage Unfertilized andd fertilized ova Ova Ova Host DH: human Vector Diagnosis
Kato technique
Treatment Albendazole
Colon Small intestine Small intestine Small intestine Small intestine Colon
Ova Filariform larvae Filariform larvae Filariform larvae Filariform larvae Embryonated ova Embryonated ova
Enterobiasi s
Culture of larvae Necatoriasis (Uncinariasis ) (P) Strongyloidia sis
Mebendazole Albendazole
Ova
DH: human
Albendazole
Ground itch
DH: human (may be dogs and cats) DH: cattle, sheep, etc IN: human DH: human
Larva currens
trichostrongy liasis
Small intestine
Trichuriasis
Trichenella spiralis
porkworm
Skeletal muscle
Encysted larvae
Encysted larvae
DH: human Fish-eating birds IH: Fish (bagsic, bagsang, birut) DH: human RH: pig,
Capillariasis
Albendazole, Mebendazole
Muscle biopsy
Trichinosis
Thiabendazole, Mebendazole
nematode
tissue
undercooked meat Dogs:transm ammary, transplacenta l Human:Inge stion of embryonated ova Cats : transmamma ry Human : Ingestion of embryonated ova Drinking of contaminated water (with infected copepods) Ingestion of undercooked infected snails and fish and infected vegetables; ingestion of rat feces Ingestion of undercooked infected snails; ingestion of rat feces Ingestion of infected raw or Embryonated ova Larvae
human
Toxocara canis
Dog roundwor m
Small intestine
Toxocara cati
Feline roundwor m
Small intestine
Embryonated ova
Larvae
DH : dogs PH : human
Toxocariasis
Guinea worm
Triangular mouth with sclerotized plate Lacks buccal capsule; adult female show red digestive organ
Larvae
DH: human IH: water fleas or copepods DH: rat IH: snails IncH: human PH: prawn, crab
Direct observation
Dracunculiasi s
Blister formation
Rat lungworm
L3
L3
Angiostrongy liasis
Surgical operation
Eosinophilic meningitis
L3
L3
L3
L3
DH: rat IH: snail IncH: human PH: prawn, crab DH: pig, cat, dog IH: cyclops,
snails
X-RAY
Angiostrongy liasis
Surgical operation
Gnathostomi asis
Surgical removal
the mouth Anisakis simplex Herring worm Body cavity is reduced to a narrow pseudocoel; Mouth is surrounded by projections used in feeding and sensation gastroint estinal
L3
L3
snails IncH: human DH: fish, squid IH: cyclops IncH: human
Gastroscopic examination during which the 2 cm larvae are visualized and removed
Anisakiasis
Surgical removal
Cod/seal worm
Ingestion of infected raw seafood Adult: no nuclei at tail tip; sheathed microfilaria Lymphat ic system Skin inoculation by a mosquito
L3
L3
L3
Microfilaria
DH: fish, squid IH: cyclops IncH: human DH: human IH: mosquito culex, anopheles, aedes DH: human IH: mosquito mansonia, anopheles, aedes DH: definitive IH: deerfly DH: human IH: blackfly
Anisakiasis
Surgical removal
mosquit o culex, anophel es, aedes mosquit o mansoni a, anophel es, aedes Deerfly
Brugia malayi
Lymphat ic system
L3
Microfilaria
Giemsastained blood,Xray,Membranefiltration method, Ultrasonograph y Thick smear, knott test, antibody detection technique, ultrasound Visual observation
Diethylcarbamazin e (DEC)
Brugian filariasis
Loa loa
African eyeworm
Onchocerca volvulus
No lips, 8 pairs of pappillae, sheathed microfilaria Unsheathed microfilaria; different nuclear arrangement; coiled in SQ nodules
L3
Microfilaria
Loiasis
Diethylcarbamazin e (DEC)
L3
Microfilaria
Blackfly
Mansonella ozzardi
cylindrical and bilaterally symmetrical worm; pseudocoel, or a false body cavity; unsheathed
Cylindrical; tail is half a coil in females and a full coil in males; unsheathed, have a blunt tail, and nuclei extend to the end of the tail; ability to elongate and contract
Body cavities, mesente ry, visceral fat body cavities: peritone al cavity, pleural cavity,
L3
Mircofilatia
Biting midge
Mansonelliasi s ozzardi , Ozzards filariasis, Eosinophilia; serous cavity filariasis Perstans filariasis
Diethylcarbamazin e (DEC)
elephatiasis Cold legs; Itchy red spots; Inguinal adenitis ocular and abdominal pruritus, and abdominal pain
Mansonella perstans
L3
Microfilaria
Culicoide s Midges
doxycycline
Mansonella streptocerc a
L3
Microfilaria
Culicoide s Midges
Streptocercia sis;
Diethylcarbamazin e (DEC)
Subcutaneo us Filariasis
Patches of reduced skin pigmentatio n; Itchy skin; Thickened areas of skin; Skin bumps; Enlarged lymph node Fever; Cough; Chest pain; Coughing up blood; Lung nodule
Dirofilaria immitis
Dog heartwor m
L3
microfilaria
Mosquit o
Dirofilariasi s
Immiticide
CESTODES (tapeworms)
Organis m Dihyllobot hrium latum Common name fish tapeworm broad tapeworm Dog tapeworm Cucumber tapeworm Doublepored tapeworm Dwarf or human tapeworm Distinct Characteristics Longest tapeworm; operculated ova at one end and a knob at the other end 2 reproductive system; 8 egg packet Habitat Small intestine MOT Ingestion of infected raw/undercoo ked fish Fecal-oral; ingestion of vector Infective Stage Plerocercoid larva Diagnostic Stage Ova Host DH: human IH: crustacean, small fish DH: dog and cat OH: human Fleas; dog lice Vector Diagnosis
Endoscopy
Pathogeni city
Diphyllobothr iasis
Treatment
Praziquantel
Dipylidiu m caninum
Small intestine
Cysticercoid larva
Proglottid
Niclosamide , Prazinquant el
Abdominal pain; Diarrhea; Itchy anus; Urticaria induce enteritis with nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dizziness induce enteritis with nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and
Rat tapeworm
Segments are wider than long; Genital pores are unilateral, and each mature segment contains three testes; ova with fibers Ova: striated outer membrane and a thin inner membrane; ova w/o fibers
Small intestine
Embryonated ova
Ova
Fleas, beetles
Fecal smear
Hymenolepi asis
Small intestine
Ingestion of vector
Cysticercoid larva
Ova
Hymenolepi asis
Prazinquant el,
Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
Small intestine
Fecal-oral
Fecal smear
Cysticercosi s
Prazinquant el, niclosamide Niclosamide , Quinacrine hydrochlori de , Bithionol, Mebendazol e, Prazinquant el Prazinquant el, Epsiprantel, Febendazol e
Taenia saginata
Beef tapeworm
Small intestine
Fecal oral
Gravid proglottid
TAENIASIS SAGINATA
dizziness Seizure, abdominal pain, blurry vision, eosinophilia proglottids may also also crawl out of the anus
Multiceps multiceps
Coenurus tapeworm
Pear-shaped
Small intestine
Ingestion of proglottid
Ova, proglottid
Ova, proglottid
coenurosis