Naming Ionic Compounds

Monatomic Ions

Made from a single atom gaining or losing an electron (based on valence electrons) Element Oxidation # +1 Li +2 Be -2 O -1 F Writing ions- write symbol, write charge as a superscript Ex. Al+3

Writing Ionic Compounds

Made of two parts cation & anion Name the cation first (typically a metal) just as it appears on periodic table Na+ Sodium Ca+2 Calcium

Writing Ionic Compounds with Transition Metals

Most transition metals have more than one oxidation number If the transition metal has more than one oxidation number, you must represent it with a Roman Numeral in its name

Transition Metals to know

Scandium column always +3, no Roman Numeral needed F-block always +3, no Roman Numeral needed Ag always +1, no Roman Numeral needed Cd & Zn always +2, no Roman Numeral needed

Transition Metals to know (cont.)

Sn & Pb either +2 or +4 Sn & Pb and all other transition metals oxidation # will be determined by uncrossing the criss-cross (Ill explain in a minute) Examples: Fe+2 Iron II Fe+3 Iron III Al+3 Aluminum Cu+2 Copper II Cu+ Copper I Zn+2 Zinc

Writing Ionic Compounds (cont.)

Write the anion next (typically a nonmetal) Change the ending to ide Cl- , chlorine chloride O-2 , oxygen oxide **If the anion is a polyatomic ion, the name stays the same**

Writing Ionic Compounds Practice

NaCl FeS AlCl3 Na2O Al2O3 CuO Sodium Chloride Iron II Sulfide Aluminum Chloride Sodium Oxide Aluminum Oxide Copper II Oxide

How to determine the Oxidation Number of Transition Metals

Identify metal as a Transition with multiple oxidation numbers Uncross the criss-cross If nothing to uncross, identify the charge of the anion (they will always only have one oxidation number), charges have been simplified Transition metal charge is the same as anion charge (just +)

How to determine the Oxidation Number of Transition Metals (cont.)

Ex. #1 Fe2O3
+3 -2

Fe2O3 Iron III Oxide

How to determine the Oxidation Number of Transition Metals (cont.) Ex.#2

FeS **No subscripts to show charge, so ID anion charge S = -2, therefore Fe must be +2 Name = Iron II Sulfide Ex.#3 CuO Name = Copper II Oxide

Writing an Ionic Formula

Identify the charge on each part of the compound (cation and anion) Rememberthe sum of the oxidation numbers MUST EQUAL ZERO Add subscripts to balance charges (can be done with criss-cross method)

Writing an Ionic Formula (cont.)

Ex. #1 = Calcium Chloride Ions Ca = +2 Chlorine = -1
+2 -1

Ca Cl Formula = CaCl2 (Remembernever write 1s)

Writing an Ionic Formula (cont.)

Ex.#2 = Magnesium Oxide Ions Mg = +2 O = -2 Use criss-cross Mg2O2 **Simplify when possible MgO

Extra Rule
Cant change a Polyatomic Ions subscripts (if you need multiple polyatomics, you must put the ion symbol in brackets) Ex. PO4 = has a -3 charge Ca = has a +2 charge Formula = Ca3(PO4)2

Changes to Polyatomic Ions

We must know the root polyatomic ion (the ones on our list) Oxygens can either be added or subtracted from the formula we know When that happens, the polyatomic ion name changes

Changes to Polyatomic Ions (cont.)

1 more oxygen per-ate Root -ate 1less oxygen -ite 2 less oxygens hypo-ite **the charge remains the same** Ex. SO5 = Persulfate SO4 = Sulfate