THNG TIN DI NG Chng 3: GSM 2G

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C u trc t ng qut m ng GSM H at ng & d ch v m ng GSM Bng t n v tuy n m ng GSM L p v tuy n M ha ti ng v knh trong GSM Giao th c trong GSM V d

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GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommunication

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Qu trnh pht tri n m ng di ng

1 G

1G
Tri n khai vo nh ng nm 1980 i u ch Analog: FM a truy c p: FDMA Ch y u th ai Khng c kh nng roaming gi a cc m ng L p v tuy n khng b o m t Ch t l ng km AMPS: Analogue Advanced Mobile Phone System: S d ng t i b c m , bng t n 800MHz TACS: Total Access Communication System: Anh, bng t n 900MHz JTACS: Japan Total Access Communication System: s d ng bng t n 900MHz C-450: c, bng t n 450MHz
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2G
Tri n khai vo nh ng nm 1990 i u ch s : GPSK a truy c p: FDMA /TDMA/CDMA Th ai v data t c th p (9.6kbps) Kh nng roaming qu c t L p v tuy n b o m t Tng thch v i m ng ISDN S d ng ph v tuy n hi u qu hn 1G Cho php Microcell v Macrocell Pht khng lin t c i u khi n cng su t pht Ch t l ng d ch v QoS
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2G (2)
GSM: k thu t a truy c p TDMA v song cng FDD. T c pht tri n r t nhanh v l m t chu n di ng c tri n khai r ng ri trn th gi i. IS-136: D-AMPS (Digital-AMPS), s d ng k thu t a truy c p TDMA v song cng TDD. Cng ngh ny c tri n khai nhi u M v Canada CDMAone: ITU IS-95, s d ng nm 1996. T c data ln n 115kps, chip rate 1.2288Mcps

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2.5G (Evolved Second Generation)

Cc d ch v s li u c i ti n : T c bit data cao hn. H tr k t n i Internet. Phng th c chuy n m ch: Chuy n m ch gi - Packet Switching GPRS - General Packet Radio Services: Nng c p t m ng GSM nh m h tr chuy n m ch gi (172 kbps). EDGE - Enhance Data rate for GSM Evolution, H tr t c bit cao hn GPRS trn n n GSM (384 kbps)
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3G Third Generation
H tr cc d ch v s li u gi t c cao: Di chuy n trn cc phng ti n (Vehicles): 144 kbps - Macro Cell i b , di chuy n ch m (Pedestrians): 384 kbps Micro cell Vn phng ( Indoor, stationary users) 2 Mbps - Pico cell D ch v a phng ti n, k t n i qua Internet, v d nh: Video Streaming, video conference, web browsing, email, navigational maps . . GSM GPRS WCDMA UMTS CDMA IS-95 CDMA2000
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4G Fourth Generation
Hi n nay ang xy d ng chu n. C i ti n v d ch v d li u: 20 100 Mb/s. Phng th c i u ch : OFDM, MC-CDMA Xu h ng k t h p: m ng li IP + m ng truy nh p di ng (3G) v truy nh p v tuy n Wimax & Wi-Fi !

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C u trc m ng GSM
M ng thng tin di ng m t t cng c ng PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) theo chu n GSM c chia thnh 3 phn h chnh sau: Phn h v tuy n - RSS = BSS + MS Radio SubSystem Phn h chuy n m ch NSS: Network Switching Subsystem. Phn h v n hnh v b o d ng - OMS Operation and Service Subsystem
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u i m chnh c a GSM
Truy n thng: Di ng khng dy h tr voice + Data Di ng tan c u: 1 s thu bao, di chuy n b t c ni no c GSM (c roaming) Dung lng cao: S d ng hi u qu bng t n, cell nh QoS: Ch t l ng th ai t t, h tr di chuy n ln n 300Km/h B o m t: i u khi n truy c p, m t m qua SIM card

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Nh c i m c a GSM
Khng b o m t end-to-end: Data rate < ISDN (64Kbps) B c x sng i n t H th ng ph c t p cao noice, s c kh e C th l d li u c nhn

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C u trc theo c p b c m ng GSM

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PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network

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C u trc m ng GSM t ng qut

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Thu t ng - t

vi t t t

Mobile Station (MS) Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Station Subsystem (BBS) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit (TRAU) Switching Subsystem Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
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Mobile Station (MS)

MS = ME (Mobile Equipment) + SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) ME c t o ra b i nhi u nh s n xu t T t c cc MS ph i tun theo cc tiu chu n chung c a ngnh M i m t ME c nh n d ng duy nh t b i s IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity). IMEI c s d ng cho cc i n tho i m ng GSM 6 digits
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2 digits

IMEI

6 digits Serial Number

1 digit
SPare
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Type Approval Final Assembly Code Code

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Mobile Station (MS) (2)

SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) L m t card ch a IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) S MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number) Kha xc th c (K) v gi i thu t ki m tra xc th c c b o v b i password hay m PIN C th tho rp cho nh ng my khc nhau

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IMEI
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) IMEI do nh s n xu t i n tho i di ng c p pht, c 15 ch s c s d ng b i EIR EIR (Equipment Identity Register) c ch c nng ki m tra tnh h p l c a thi t b di ng (ME) thng qua IMEI v ch a cc s li u v ph n c ng c a thi t b . M i ME thu c m t trong ba danh sch sau: Danh sch tr ng: t c n c quy n truy nh p v s d ng cc d ch v ng k. Danh sch xm: t c l c nghi v n v c n ki m tra. Danh sch en: t c l b c m ho c b l i khng cho php truy nh p vo m ng EIR th ng c tch h p trn HLR bi t s IMEI c a i n tho i di ng nh n *#06#.
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IMSI
IMSI (International mobile subscriber identity) Lu trong SIM S d ng Max 15 digit theo c u trc: Mobile Country Code (MCC), 3 digits, chu n qu c t Mobile Network Code (MNC), 2 digits, Nh n d ng M ng mobile trong 1 qu c gia Mobile Subscriber Identication Number (MSIN), Max 10 digits, s nh n d ng c a thu bao trong m ng MCC (Mobile country code) c a Vi t Nam l 452, MNC (Mobile network code) c a Mobifone l 01, c a Vinaphone l 02....
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MSISDN
S m ta v n b m g i my di ng c g i l MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network number) L s c a thu bao i n tho i di ng nh s theo quy nh cho m ng ISDN s d ng SS#7. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) m ng a d ch v s (Max data bit ~2Mbit/s) MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN Country Code (CC), T i a 3 digits (Quy nh qu c t ) Area code / National Destination Code (NDC): 2 / 3 digits; Subscriber Number (SN): T i a 10 digits.
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TMSI
TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity) - s nh n d ng tr m di ng t m th i l s nh n d ng m m ng cung c p cho thu bao m t khi thu bao m my. TMSI c chi u di 4 octet, c t o ra m t cch ng u nhin v ch mang tnh c c b trong m t vng nh v . Khi thu bao di chuy n sang vng khc,TMSI s c c p nh t. TMSI c th c thay i b t c lc no v m c ch b o m t. Nh n d ng TMSI c dng trao i gi a UE v tr m g c thay v dng nh n d ng IMSI.
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LMSI
LMSI (Local Mobile Subscriber Identity) S nh n di n thu bao di ng c c b L s nh n di n m VLR trong m ng GSM cung c p cho cc thu bao t m tr. M c ch l gip VLR tm ki m m t cch nhanh chng d li u lin quan n thu bao t m tr

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LAI (Location Area Identity)

3 digits Mobile country Code (MCC) 2 digits Mobile Network Code (MNC) 2 Bytes Location Area Code (LAC)

LAI: Nh n d ng vng nh v , l nh n d ng duy nh t c a m t vng nh v trong m t m ng LAI c qu ng b (broadcast) th ng xuyn b i BTS thng qua knh qu ng b (BCCH) Cell l nh n d ng duy nh t trn knh v tuy n v MS c th xc nh n v tr thng qua LAI MS s lu gi LAI trong SIM
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BSS (Base Station Subsystem): T ng quan

Radio subsystem Mobile Station BSS = BTS + BSC

Giao di n Um: Giao di n v tuy n Abis: Chu n, giao di n m , 16Kbps A: Giao di n m , 64Kbps
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BSS (Base Station Subsystem)

BSS = nBTS + BSC, n=1, 2, 3 BTS (Base Tranceiver Station) BSC (Base Station Controllers) BTS th c hi n: Thu pht v tuy n nh x knh logic knh v t l M ha gi i m ti ng i u ch /gi i i u ch BTS bao g m: B pht/thu v tuy n TRX X l tn hi u v i u khi n thi t b Anten v cable Ngu n AC/DC
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BSS

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BSS (Base Station Subsystem)

BSC: Chuy n m ch v i u khi n cc BTS Kh i t o cc k t n i Qu n l ti nguyn v tuy n K t n i n MSC, OMC v BTS

MSC

BSC TRAU

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BSC Network topology (1)

Chain: R , d th c hi n N u c 1 link b h, m t lin l c 1 vi BTS

BSC

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BSC Network topology (3)

Ring: D th a Kh th c hi n, ring ph i khp kn

BSC

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BSC Network topology (2)

Star: C u hnh trong th c t t ti n D phng cao

BSC

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Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit (TRAU)

Th c hi n chuy n i lu ng s 64kbps (voice, data) t MSC thnh lu ng c t c th p ph h p giao ti p v tuy n. M t b MUX bn trong TRAU th c hi n ghp 4 lu ng 16kbps thnh m t lu ng 64kbps.

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Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit (TRAU)

TRAU: Transcoding and Rate Adaption Unit

LPC: 13 Kbps PCM: 64 Kbps 1 MSC 2 3 4 1 TS 1 knh tho i: 64 kbps

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+ header: 3 Kbps 1 TS (64kbps) 4 knh (16kbps)

MUX

chuy n i m

BSC

T c 1 knh tho i: 16 Kbps

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Ghp knh: 4*(3+13) = 64 Kbps

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NSS (Network Switching System)

MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center)
IWF (Interworking Functions) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) PSPDN (Packet Switched Public Data Network) CSPDN (Circuit Switched Public Data Network)

Databases HLR (Home Location Register) VLR (Visitor Location Register) EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
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MSC (Mobile Switching Center )

Chuy n m ch cu c g i i u khi n cu c g i Nh t k cu c g i Giao ti p v i m ng PSTN, ISDN, Qu n l di ng c a MS qua m ng v tuy n v qua m ng khc Qu n l ti nguyn v tuy n handover gi a cc BSC Thng tin tnh c c

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VLR (Visitor Location Registers )

M i MSC c 1 VLR VLR b nh v t m tr lu tr t m th i cc thng tin v thu bao trong vng ph c v c a MSC. Thng tin trong VLR th ng xuyn c c p nh t m i khi thu bao di chuy n trong vng ph c v gi a cc tr m g c ho c cc BSC c a cng MSC Tm thu bao khi c cu c g i n D li u thu bao IMSI MSIDN Thng s d ch v Thng tin thi t b c a thu bao D li u xc th c
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Routing, tracking info. MSRN TMSI LMSI LAI / LA

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HLR (Home Location Registers )

Home Location Registers (HLR) b nh v th ng tr l c s d li u tham chi u lu gi lu di cc thng tin v thu bao: IMSI MSISDN D li u thu bao D ch v ph c v D ch v h n ch (vd: roaming,) D li u xc th c Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) Tracking a ch hi n hnh VLR n u c routing a ch hi n hnh MSC n u c info. LMSI (Local Mobile Sub. Identity) n u c
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HLR (Home Location Registers ) (2)

HLR th c hi n ki m tra tnh h p l c a MS v cc d ch v ph c v 1 HLR trong m ng, c th chia ra theo vng ph c v Khng c kh nng chuy n m ch (PC) C th nh v b y k trong m ng SS7 K t h p v i AuC AuC HLR

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AuC (Authentication Center)

AuC: Trung tm nh n th c Qu n l cc thng tin nh n th c v m t m lin quan n t ng thu bao d a trn m t kho b m t Ki Khi ng k thu bao, kho nh n th c Ki c ghi nh vo Simcard c a thu bao cng v i IMSI Kho nh n th c Ki cng c lu gi trung tm nh n th c AuC t o ra b ba thng s c n thi t cho qu trnh nh n th c v m t m ho: S ng u nhin RAND M t kh u SRES c t o ra t Ki v s ng u nhin RAND b ng thu t ton A3. Kho m t m Kc c t o ra t Ki v s ng u nhin RAND b ng thu t ton A8 Thu t tan m ha data A5
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Qu trnh xc th c: Ki m tra SRES

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T o key v m ha d li u

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EIR (Equipment Identity Register)

EIR L c s d li u lu tr s IMEI c a ME EIR ki m sat truy c p m ng = cch tr v tr ng thi c a thu bao ng v i IMEI c a m i ME thu c m t trong ba danh sch sau: Danh sch tr ng (While Listed): t c n c quy n truy nh p v s d ng cc d ch v ng k. Danh sch xm (Grey Listed): t c l c nghi v n/c l i v c n ki m tra. Danh sch en (Black Listed): t c l b c m ho c b l i khng cho php truy nh p vo m ng S d ng EIR l ty ch n
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GMSC (gateway MSC)

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GMSC (gateway MSC)

nh tuy n & k t n i cu c g i i/ n PSTN/ISDN GSMC truy c p n HLR tm v tr c a thu bao c n tm (GMSC khng c HLR) S d ng MSC c u hnh nh GMSC C th c nhi u hn GMSC trn m ng

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Tnh c c

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MSC/GMSC c thu bao kh i ng cu c g i ph i lu thng tin tnh c c CDR (Call Detail Record) S thu bao S g i Th i gian g i Ngy gi g i nh tuy n cu c g i (if any)
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OSS (Operation Subsystem)

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OSS cho php t p trung vi c qu n l, i u hnh cc m ng GSM con, Bao g m: OMC (Operation and Maintenance Center) Ki m sat / phn b ti nguyn v tuy n cho cc m ng GSM con Ch ng th c & b o m t
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THNG TIN DI NG Chng 3: GSM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C u trc t ng qut m ng GSM D ch v m ng GSM Bng t n v tuy n m ng GSM L p v tuy n M ha ti ng v knh trong GSM Giao th c trong GSM V d

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GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommunication

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2. H at ng & d ch v m ng GSM
D ch v D ch v D ch v D ch v D ch v th ai Chuy n m ch knh d li u FAX- T c thay i tin nh n (SMS) nh v qu ng b: Multicast truy c p data Internet (IP based)

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Teleservice
D ch v th ai v cu c g i kh n c p v d ch v khc D ch v th ai: Th ai v cu c g i kh n c p Th ai: Truy n ti ng ni v cc tone bo hi u c a m ng c nh G i kh n c p B t bu c i v i GSM C th th c hi n t Mobile m ko c n SIM C th th c hi n trong tr ng thi my ang b kha D ch v khc DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Frequency FAX: G i, nh n SMS Short Message Service (Text based) SMS Broatcast: G i SMS n t t c thu bao Voice mail
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Bearer service
Truy n d li u ng b Truy n d li u b t ng b Chuy n m ch gi Th ai v d li u

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D ch v b xung
SMS (Max 160 char) Chuy n cu c g i Ch n cu c g i c l ng c c Gi cu c g i (call hold) Cu c g i ch (Call waiting) m th ai h i ngh (3~6) Push To Talk (PTT) Caller ID

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Roaming
Cho php thu bao GSM i sang m ng khc, nh cung c p khc, n c khc nhng v n gi nguyn d ch v c a nh cung c p ang s d ng C c tnh cho nh cung c p ang s d ng C th a thu n gi a cc operators: T l thanh tan, phng th c thanh tan,

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D ch v data
Truy n data chu n v i t c 9.6 kbit/s N u s d ng advanced coding max =14,4 kbit/s Khng cho ng d ng Internet & multimedia HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit Switched Data) S d ng m t vi TS t t c cao hn AIUR (Air Interface User Rate, 57.6 kbit/s using 4 slots, 14.4/TS) u: n gi n, d s d ng, ch t l ng n nh Nh c: Khng s d ng c th ai khi truy n data

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THNG TIN DI NG Chng 3: GSM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C u trc t ng qut m ng GSM H at ng & d ch v m ng GSM Bng t n v tuy n m ng GSM L p giao di n v tuy n M ha ti ng v knh trong GSM Giao th c trong GSM V d

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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: P-GSM (Primary)

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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: P-GSM (Primary)

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ARFCN: Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number

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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: P-GSM (Primary)

S d ng bng t n th p cho uplink v bng t n cao cho downlink M i bng t n l 25MHz, kh ang cch gi a uplink v downlink l 45MHz Bng t n Uplink t 890MHz 915MHz Bng t n Downlink t 935MHz-960MHz Bng t n cho 1 sng mang l 200KHz hay 0.2MHz v 1 sng mang b o v bng thng T ng s sng mang = (25-0.2)/0.2=124 T n s Uplink: Fu(n) = 890+0.2n T n s Downlink: Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 45 Trong n = ARFCN: Absolute Radio-Frequency Channel Number
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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: E-GSM (Extended)

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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: E-GSM (Extended)

B xung thm 10MHz cho m i bng, S ARFCN c a PGSM gi nguyn, thm s ARFCN t 975-1023 M i bng t n l 35MHz, kh ang cch gi a uplink v downlink l 35MHz Bng t n Uplink t 880MHz 915MHz Bng t n Downlink t 925MHz-960MHz Bng t n cho 1 sng mang l 200KHz hay 0.2MHz v 1 sng mang b o v bng thng T ng s sng mang = (35-0.2)/0.2=174 T n s Uplink: Fu(n) = 890+0.2n (0<=n<=124 Fu(n) = 890+0.2(n-1024) (975<=n<=1023) T n s Downlink: Fd(n) = Fu(n) + 45
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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: DCS-1800

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Digital Communication System (DCS)

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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: DCS-1800

Th ng s d ng cho Microcell trong Macrocell 2 bng t n 75MHz, kh ang cch 95MHz Uplink: 1710-1785Mhz Downlink: 1805-1880MHz T ng s sng mang (ARFCNs) = (75-0.2)/0.2=374 Uplink: Fu(n)= 1710.2+0.2(n-512) (512<=n<=885) Downlink: Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95

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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: PCS-1900

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Personal Communication System (PCS)

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3. Ph v tuy n GSM: PCS-1900

PCS-1900 s d ng t i USA v cung c p d ch v nh GSM 2 bng t n 60MHz, kh ang cch 80MHz Uplink: 1850-1910Mhz Downlink: 1930-1990MHz T ng s sng mang (ARFCNs) = (60-0.2)/0.2=299 Uplink: Fu(n)= 1850.2+0.2(n-512) (512<=n<=810) Downlink: Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80

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Bng t n c a 1 vi m ng thng d ng
VMS Uplink: 906.4-914.4MHz + 1723.5-1736.7MHz Downlink: 951.4-959.4MHz + 1818.5-1831.7MHz Viettel Uplink: 898.4-906.4Mhz + 1736.7-1749.9MHz Downlink: 943.4-951.4Mhz + 1831.7-1844.9Mhz Vinaphone Uplink: 890.4-898.4MHz + 1710.1-1723.5Mhz Downlink: 935.4-943.4MHz + 1805.1-1818.5Mhz SFONE Uplink: 829-837MHz Downlink: 874-882MHz
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Bi t p
1) Ph t n s c a E-GS M nh sau: 880 915 925 960

a) Tnh t n s uplink v downlink c a ARFCN 0, 1, 124, 875 v 1023? b) ng d u cc ARFCN ny vo s trn? 2) Nh cung c p d ch v di ng s d ng bng t n DCS-1800 c c p ARFCN t 601 n 625. Tnh t n s th p nh t v cao nh t s d ng cho uplinks?
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THNG TIN DI NG Chng 3: GSM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C u trc t ng qut m ng GSM H at ng & d ch v m ng GSM Bng t n v tuy n m ng GSM L p giao di n v tuy n Giao th c trong GSM M ha ti ng v knh trong GSM V d

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4.1 Knh trong GSM

Knh v t l trong GSM s d ng c FDMA v TDMA. M i sng mang c chia thnh 8 timeslot Knh v t l trong GSM l 1 timeslot Knh logic l cc thng tin truy n trong m t knh v t l. C user data v cc thng tin bo hi u u l cc knh logic. 1 knh v t l c th h tr nhi u knh logic 1 frame = 4.615ms 1
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1 burst (c m) = 0.577ms or 156.25 bits

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64

Knh logic
TCH (Traffic Channel) TCH/F TCH/H SCH Control Channel (CCH) (Signalling)

BCH FCCH

CCCH

DCCH

BCCH

PCH

RACH AGCH NCH

CBCH SDCCH SACCH FACCH

Up and down link Up link only Down link only

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TCH
Traffic channels (TCH): Point-to-point tng ng v i BISDN, chi m 1 timeslot cho full rate, thng th ng TS t 1 n 7 n u TS0 s d ng cho control TCH/F (F: Full Rate): 13kbps voice or 9.6kbps data TCH/H(H: Haft rate): 6.5Kbps voice or 4.8kbps data 1 time slot (1 knh v t l) h tr 1TCH/F ho c 2TCH/H

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BCH (Broatcast Channel)

BCH l downlink v truy n trn TS0 FCCH (Frequency Control Channel): g i n t t c MS trong cell burst t t c bit 0 tinh ch nh t n s c a downlink SCH (Synchronisation Channel): G i gi tr Frame Number, chnh l clock n i c a BTS cng v i m nh n d ng tr m g c (BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) BCCH (Broacast Control Channel): g i b n tin i u khi n v qu n l ti nguyn v tuy n (t n s c a cell, thng tin nh cung c p), m qu n l v tr, 1 s message n t t c MS trong cell, 1 s message ch n cc MS r i
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CCCH (Common Control Channel)

CCCH truy n cc thng tin k t n i l point-to-multipoint downlink (BTS vi MS) v Uplink random access channel CBCH (Cell Broatcast Channel): l knh ty ch n cho thng tin chung. VD: K t xe, g i d i d ng SMS PCH (Paging Channel): G i tn hi u thng bo MS c cu c g i. BTS ring MS RACH (Random Access Channel): MS BTS yu c u knh t BTS or ch p nh n handover sang cell khc. CH request l g i tr l i b n tin PCH AGCH (Access Grant Channel): ch th knh SDCCH n MS NCH (Notify Channel): Bo MS c incoming group or call broatcast
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Knh logic (Tm t t)

Knh TCH Traffic CH BCH Broatcast CH TCH/F TCH/H FCCH SCH BCCH BTS MS Carrier synchronization Frame Synchronization General network info. Cell info (hi n hnh & k c n) BTSMS Y/C SCCCH cho bo hi u Y/C TCH cho handover Xc nh n SDCCH & TCH G i tn hi u thng bo MS c cu c g i
Chng 4: GSM Trang 69

H ng BTSMS

ng d ng User data

K tn i By Network khi c yu c u t MS Th ng tr c

CCCH Common Control Channel

RACH

Multiaccess v i slot Th ng tr c

AGCH PCH

BTS MS

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69

Knh logic (tm t t)

Knh
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel SDC CH SAC CH FAC CH

H ng
BTS M S

ng d ng

K tn i

ng k/c p nh p v tr By Network khi c Th t c i u khi n call yu c u t MS Control info gi a MS & BTS trong khi g i & setup cu c g i Trao i thng tin /K trong khi g i K t h p v i TCH or SDCCH By network or MS (*)

(*) Fast Location b ng bit S trong TCH (Stealing bit tron TCH)
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Knh TCH TCH/F Traffic CH TCH/H BCH Broatcast CH CCCH Common Control Channel FCCH SCH BCCH RACH AGCH PCH

Burst type

Time slot

Multifra me 26 frame 120ms 51 frame 235.38m s 51 frame 235.38m s

Burst /MF 24 12 5 5 4 Min: 27 TB: 51 Min: 12 4 2***

Capacity 24x114/120=22.8k 12x24/120=11.4k

Normal any 114bit FC S Normal RA TS0 trn knh Normal TS0/2/4/6 TS0 trn knh TS0/2/4/6

4x114/235.4=1.94k

12x144/235.4=5.8k 4x114/235.4=1.94k 2x114/235.4=0.97k 1x114/120=0.95k Gi ng TCH

DCCH SDCCH Dedicated Control SACCH Channel

Normal TS0/CH* 51 frame TS0/2/4/6** Nt Gi ng TS TCH Bit stolen t TCH 26 frame

1 Gi ng TCH

FACCH

(*/**)Cell dung l ng th p/cao; ***:4 bursts/2multiframe~2burst/multiframe

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Th i gian pht/thu MS v BTS

MS khng th pht/thu ng th i: n gi n ph n c ng MS Truy n d n MS BTS l: Half-duplex MS pht burst tr 3 timeslot so v i BTS burst Tr ny cho php MS so snh ch t l ng tn hi u c a cc cell k c n

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Time Advance (TA)

BTS ph i bi t chnh xc th i gian pht c a uplink trnh trng l p frame Kh ang cch khc nhau gi a MS-BTS ph i c b H th ng s d ng 6 bit xc nh gi tr c a TA, do v y TA s c 64 gi tr trong kho ng t 0 n 63. M i b c gi tr i di n cho 1 chu k bit (~3.69s). Sng i n t lan truy n v i v = c 1 step i di n cho kh ang cch 1.1km t MS BTS v quay v MS. 1 b c gi tr TA ~ 550m do : T i a: 63x550 = 35.2 Hay Max=35km. (1/2 x (577 s/156.25) x 63 x c =35km
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Time Advance (TA) (2)

MS kh i ng pht Access Burst c pht m khng c TA Guard Period c a AB 68.25 bit cho php path delay ~ 37km BTS o path delay, v g i gi tr TA qua SACCH MS s d ng gi tr TA ny cho t t c cc burst Adaptive control BTS gim st burst v tnh delay c a cc burst so v i TA hi n hnh N u gi tr delay > 1 chu k bit th gn TA m i qua knh SACCH
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C u trc khung FDMA/TDMA

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Phn c p frame

F: Frame MF: Multi Frame SF: Super Frame HF: Hyper Frame

F MF

SF

HF
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1 HF = 2048 SF = 3gi 28pht 53.76 giy

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C m (Burst)
TB
Normal burst Frequency Correction Synchrinizati on Burst Dummy burst Access burst

Data 57

S 1

TS 26

S 1

Data 57

TB 3 3

GB 8.25 8.25 8.25 8.25

3 3 3 3 3

142 fixed bit 39 data 64 TS 26 TS 41 TS 36data 3 39 Data

3 3 68.25

156.25bit / 0.5769ms TB (Tail Bit) (0,0,0) gip equalizer xc nh u/cu i m u bit S (Stealing Flags): l bit cho bi t Burst l traffic or bo hi u TS (Training Sequence): l m u bi t tr c cho php c l ng c i m knh truy n ci t tham s cho b equalizer GB (Guard Period): Trnh trng gi a cc burst

77

Normal burst
TB 3 Data 57 S 1 TS 26

Data/voice S 1 Data 57 TB 3 GB 8.25

Tail Bit: (0,0,0) gip equaliser xc nh u/cu i m u bit Training Sequence: l m u bi t tr c cho php c l ng c i m knh truy n ci t tham s cho b equaliser
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Guard Period: Trnh trng gi a cc burst

Stealling flags: set 1 cho bo hi u

dnh

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FB & SB
Frequency Burst (FB): s d ng ng b t n s c a MS. FB c pht nh k trn knh BCCH cho php ng b TDMA cng nh tinh ch nh t n s sng mang. MS c th nh k ng b v i BTS s d ng FCCH 3 142 fixed bit 3 8.25

Synchronization Burst (SB): Pht thng tin cho php MS ng b v i BTS. Pht s TDMA Frame, RFN, BSIC. Frame Number (FN) s d ng counter 22 bit v s reset sau 1 hyperframe, (sau 2048x26x51 = 2715648 frames) 3 39 data 64 TS 39 Data 3 8.25
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Access burst
Access Burst (AB): cho php truy c p ng u nhin t i RACH m khng c n bo tr c TB 3 SS 57 36 26 TB 3 GB 68.25

Dummy Burst (DB): Pht trn 1 t n s c a CA khi ko c burst khc pht. S d ng cng knh c a BCCH. M c ch MS o m c cng su t c a tn hi u c a BCCH

3
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26 TS

8.25

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Multiframe
a khung cung c p c ch mapping knh logic thnh knh v t l (TS) Multiframe l chu i lin t c c a Timeslot c th lin ti p nhau GSM s d ng multiframe c a 26 v 51 TS

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Traffic Channel Multiframe: 26 frames

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nh x 3 knh: TCH, SACCH, FACCH 24 TCH frame cho data 1 Associated Control cho bo hi u SACCH data IDLE/AC tr ng (IDLE) trong TH TCH/F, TH TCH/H, Mang knh bo hi u SACCH c a n a kia D li u c a SACCH pht b ng cch s d ng 1 n a bit trong 8 burst lin t c b ng cch stealling nh ng bit ny t TCH, khi SF c a Normal Burst c set FACCH th c hi n = cch steal TCH slot khi c yu c u
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Control Channel Multiframe: 51 frames

Mapping cc knh sau: Downlink: FCCH, SCH, BCCH, CCCH (PCH+AGCH) Uplink: RACH

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THNG TIN DI NG Chng 3: GSM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C u trc t ng qut m ng GSM H at ng & d ch v m ng GSM Bng t n v tuy n m ng GSM L p giao di n v tuy n M ha ti ng v knh trong GSM Giao th c trong GSM V d

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T ng quan
Cc kh i lin quan gi a pht thu trong GSM

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85

T ng quan: Pht

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86

M ha ti ng

p l c kh t ph i
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Dao ng thanh qu n
Chng 4: GSM

Mi ng/mi pht ra m thanh

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M ha ti ng (2)
GSM s d ng i u ch s do , Th ai (voice) ph i chuy n sang tn hi u s Coder/decoder ph i h at ng cng chu n PSTN s d ng PCM: l y m u 125s, t c 1 knh l 64kbps T c c a PCM ko ph h p cho v tuy n v Y/C BW cao GSM s d ng m ha d a trn: m h u thanh (Voice) & m v thanh (unvoice). Voice mang tnh tu n han v c chu k ~ 20ms; unvoice khng mang tnh tu n han (gi ng noice) Ti ng ni c d ng sng c bi t Ti ng ni ng i: 12KHz Th ai: 300Hz n 3400Hz Tai ng i nghe: 20Hz~20KHz
Thng Tin Di ng Chng 4: GSM Trang 88

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88

Ch c nng c a b m ha ti ng
Speech detector A/D Speech encoder Background noice Control Process Channel coder

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Speech detector: nh d u nh ng kh i c ti ng ni Speech encoder: M ha ti ng t tn hi u A/D Background noice: G i ch Silent suppression

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Ch c nng c a b gi i m ti ng
N i suy kh i ti ng Channel coder Control Process Speech decoder T o Background noice N i suy khung ti ng: Thay th khung m t khi truy n (b ng khung t t cu i cng) Speech decoder: Nh n tn hi u t c 13kbps T o background noice: T o nhi u n n t khung nhi u
Thng Tin Di ng Chng 4: GSM Trang 90

Tai nghe

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90

M ha ti ng trong GSM
Analog Speech ADC 8KHz x 13bit 64kbps Log-Linear convertor TRAU at BSC or MSC 20ms 160 sample
LPC36bit

36+36+188 = 260bit/20ms = 13kbps

LPC-RPE coder 13kbps

RPE188bit LTP36bit

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Channel coding
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91

+ 36 bit

LPC Filter

36 bit LTP 20ms speech Exitation Analysis 188 bit

L c t ng h p

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1. LPC Linear Prediction Coding B l c d an tuy n tnh 2. LTE: Long-Term Prediction B l c d an th i gian di: Tnh chu k pitch v l i pitch 4 l n, m i l n 5ms cung c p 7 v 2 bit cho h s pha v khuy ch i 4x(2+7)=36 bit 3. RPE Regular Pulse Excitation Coding: M ha kch thch b ng xung u
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Tham s b l c

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Tham s b l c
Bit/5ms LPC LTP 8 Tham s Tham s tr Khuy ch i Pha c a bng ph RPE Bin c c i 13 m u T ng c ng
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Bit/20ms 36

7 2 2 6 39

28 8 8 24 156 260

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M ha knh
ti t o l i ti ng, BER ph i nh hn 0.1% Knh v tuy n, BER thng th ng l 1% Ph i m ha s a l i 2 phng php s a l i S a l i tr c (Forward Error Correction S a l i sau (Backward Error Correction)

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M ha knh

S a l i sau (Automatic Repeat reQuest ARQ) Khng ph h p cho voice

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M ha knh

Coding c a thm vo data bit C kh nng pht hi n l i v s a l i m khng c n ph i truy n l i Ph h p cho tho i
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M ha Knh: M kh i
B xung thm l ng thng tin thch h p c th tch v s al i Thng tin 0 1 B xung 000 111 G i i 0000 1111

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Kh i m 0000 s ng v i 0 v 1111 s ng v i 1. T l l 1:4, b o v s x y ra nh sau: Thu c : 0000 0010 0110 0111 1110 Quy t nh: 0 0 x 1 1 Ring c m 0110 khng xc nh c c th , tr m 0111 v 1110 c pht hi n l l i v c th s a
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M ha Knh: M xo n
GSM s d ng m block & m xo n (convolution) Viterbi

15:17:15

M bit input , N bit output, n>m

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M ha Knh
260bit/20ms 456 bit/20ms =22.8kbps (data of 4 timeslot)
78 bit t quan tr ng (0 m ha) 4 tailbit

LPC-RPE 78 bit quan tr ng 3 parity 50 bit r t quan tr ng 53 bit bit

M tch ch p t c 1/2

Interleave

378 bit

53+78+4=135 bits

15:17:15

M hnh m ha ny cho php s a sai nh ng block l i nhng khng qu ph c t p n gi n ph n c ng cho MS

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Interleaving (Ghp xen)

M ha knh cho php s a l i n u l i l ng u nhin Th c t , knh truy n v tuy n, l i c th x y ra thnh c m cho nhi u burst lin ti p nhau n u truy n theo th t Ghp xen, t o ra m hnh gi ng u nhin gi a cc timeslot trong multiframe

Block c n pht

Interleaving pht
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Interleaving: Block
456bit/20ms sau khi m ha knh Interleaving 456bit chia thnh 8x57 bit (8 block)

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Interleaving: Bit

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103

i u ch s trong GSM
GSM s d ng i u ch GMSK (Gaussian minimum shift keying) Phase thay i lin t c Cho ph t n hi u qu

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i u ch s trong GSM

15:17:15

GMSK using a Gaussian filter

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Summary

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THNG TIN DI NG Chng 3: GSM

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C u trc t ng qut m ng GSM H at ng & d ch v m ng GSM Bng t n v tuy n m ng GSM L p giao di n v tuy n M ha ti ng v knh trong GSM Giao th c trong GSM V d

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THNG TIN DI NG
6. Giao th c trong GSM
6.1 M hnh ISO 7 l p 6.2 GSM Protocol layers 6.3 C p nh p v tr 6.4 Mobile Terminated Call 6.5 Mobile Originated Call 6.6 Handover

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108

Review: SS#7 vs OSI

OSI 7 Layers
Host layers

SS#7
INAP, MAP, IS-41 TCAP, CAP, ISUP

Application Data Presentation Section Segment Transport Network Data link Physical

Media layers

Package Frame Bit

MTP3+SCCP MTP2 MTP1

Network
Trang 109

15:17:15

1) T i sao ph i phn chia thnh nhi u layer ? Giao th c l g? 2) T i sao l 7 l p? 6 ho c 9 l p c c khng?

Thng Tin Di ng Chng 4: GSM

Protocols

109

M hnh ISO 7 Layers: Truy c p d ch v

M i l p Y/C d ch v t l p d i, 1 l p cung c p n service M i service l entity, m i entity truy su t qua i m truy c p d ch v (Service Access Point SAP). M i SAP c 1 duy nh t nh n d ng SAPI

Chng 3: GSM

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Call processing

SMS

Supplementary Services

LAPDm Logical channels

TDMA frame Physical channels

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GSM Protocol cho bo hi u

Radio interface SS HLR MSC VLR BSC

MM + CM RR

BTS
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LAPDm
Thng Tin Di ng Chng 4: GSM

SS (Supplementary Services MM: Mobile Management CM: Call Management (CC, SMS) Trang RR: Radio Resource 112

112

C u trc khung c a LDAPm v LDAP

LAPDm: m: Modifed from LDAP SAPI N(S) N(R)

ADDRESS CONTROL INFORMATION 0-21 OCTETS LAPD: Link Access Protocol D-channel FLAG ADRESS CONTROL INFORMATION 0 260 OCT FCS FLAG

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SAPI
Thng Tin Di ng

TEI

N(S)
Chng 4: GSM

N(R)
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LDAPm
LAPDm: m: Modifed from LDAP SAPI N(S) N(R)

ADDRESS CONTROL INFORMATION 0-21 OCTETS

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Khng s d ng c B qua ki m tra l i (Th c hi n l p v t l) SAPI (Service Access Point Identifier) SAPI=0 for signaling SAPI=3 for SMS SAPI=62 for OAM (Operation And Maintenance) SAPI=63 for layer 2 management on the Abis interface
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114

MTP2
MTP2: Message Transfer Part Level 2: L 1 ph n c a SS#7. Ch c nng chnh: m b o tin c y bao g m pht hi n v khi ph c l i.

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GSM Protocol layers cho bo hi u

Um MS CM MM RR LAPDm radio RR LAPDm radio BTSM LAPD PCM RR BTSM LAPD PCM 16/64 kbit/s BSSAP SS7 PCM 64 kbit/s / 2.048 Mbit/s BTS Abis BSC A MSC CM MM BSSAP SS7 PCM

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GSM Protocol layers cho bo hi u

CM (Connection Management): K cu c g i, SMS v d ch v b xung MM (Mobility Management): ng k, xc th c, qu n l v tr v handover RR (Radio Resource Management): Ch n/duy tr/b knh v tuy n; i u khi n ch t l ng truy n d n v tuy n LAPDm (Link Access Protocol D-channel modified): S d ng phin b n c a giao th c ISDN LAPD c s a i BTSM (Base Transceiver Station Management): B n tin ki m sat ti nguyn v tuy n gi a BSC v BTS BSSAP (Base Station System Application Part): i u khi n gi a BSC v MSC
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GSM Protocol layers cho bo hi u

BSC LAPD TS1 TRAU OAM

Speech TS CCS7 TS

Transcoding

Speech TS CCS7 TS MSC

X.25 TS2

X.25 TS2 PCM LINK

Chng 4: GSM

OMC

PCM LINK
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GSM Protocol layers cho bo hi u

MS CM BTS O A M L A P D O A M L A P D BSC BSSAP R R
D T A P
B S S M A P

NSS

CM MM R R

MM

M A P

T BSSAP C DTAP/ A BSSMAP P SCCP SCCP MTP3 MTP3 MTP2 MTP2 MTP1 A Interface
Trang 119

SCCP MTP3 MTP2

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Um Interface
Thng Tin Di ng

A bis Interface
Chng 4: GSM

119

Activities
B t Mobile (IMSI attach) Qu n l di ng T t Mobile (IMSI detach) C p nh p v tr Kh i t o cu c g i (Call originated) Nh n cu c g i (Mobile terminated) o cell v handover

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B t Mobile (IMSI attach)

1. Mobile ch n BTS t t nh t (cng su t pht) 2. Mobile g i IMSI n MSC 3. MSC/VLR c c p nh p t HLR 4. D li u thu bao bao g m v tr hi n hnh c c p nh p vo VLR 5. MSC/HLR th c hi n xc th c s d ng Ki 6. EIR ki m tra tr ng thi my (white, grey, black listed) Ty ch n
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T t Mobile (IMSI detach)

1. Mobile thng bo MSC v c t t my 2. HLR lu v tr cu i cng c a Mobile 3. VLR ghi nh n Mobile khng t n t i trn m ng 4. Mobile t t my

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N u Mobile t t my t xu t (tho pin) th sao ?

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C p nh p v tr Mobile
1. T ng c p nh p v tr: khi Mobile di chuy n sang v tr m i 2. C p nh p v tr nh k: Ki m tra mobile v n ang h at ng trong m ng 3. C p nh p v tr hi n t i vo VLR 4. N u di chuy n sang MSC/VLR th thng bo HLR

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123

Location update fom mobile

Mobile looks for BCCH after switching on RACH send channel request AGCH receive SDCCH SDCCH request for location updating SDCCH authenticate SDCCH authenticate response SDCCH switch to cipher mode SDCCH cipher mode acknowledge SDCCH allocate TMSI SDCCH acknowledge new TMSI SDCCH switch idle update mode

124

Mobile nh n cu c g i (MTC)
Khi Mobile nh n cu c g i t m ng khc PSTN nh tuy n cu c g i n GMSC Tm VLR hi n hnh t HLR Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number c g i t i GMSC GSC nh tuy n cu c g i t i ng MSC/VLR Cu c g i n i m ng HLR cung c p MSC/VLR hi n hnh VLR cung c p v tr (LA) c a Mobile BSS tm Mobile trong LA Mobile tr l i v BSS cung c p bng t n v tuy n cho BTS, MS nh n cu c g i
Thng Tin Di ng Chng 4: GSM Trang 125

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 nh tuy n cu c g i t PSTN n Mobile

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Mobile Terminated Call (MT)

1: calling a GSM subscriber 2: forwarding call to GMSC 3: signal call setup to HLR 4, 5: get routing info (MSRN) from VLR 6: forward routing info to GMSC

MSRN: The mobile station roaming number

7: route call to current MSC 8, 9: get current status of MS (LAI+TMSI) 10, 11: paging of MS in location area 12, 13: MS answers paging and authentication request 14, 15: security checks 16, 17: set up connection
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MT: Channel activities at radio interface

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MT: Channel activities at radio interface (2)

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Mobile kh i t o cu c g i
Khi Mobile kh i t o cu c g i: BSS xc nh l ai cu c g i: Th ai G i kh n c p D ch v c ng thm? NSS xc nh ni g i n: Mobile n Mobile cng PLMN Mobile n Mobile khc PLMN Mobile n s m ng c nh MSC/GMSC nh tuy n cu c g i v x l bo hi u N u mobile g i sang m ng khc, MSC s nh tuy n cu c g i n GMSC chuy n sang gateway thch h p
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Mobile Originated Call (MO)

1, 2: connection and authentication request 3, 4: security check

5-8: check resources (free circuit) 9-10: set up call

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MO: Channel activities at radio interface (1)

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MO: Channel activities at radio interface (2)

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o l ng Cell v Handover
Mobile di chuy n v gim st cng su t tn hi u t 6 Cell li n k BSS xc nh khi no c n chuy n giao d a vo o l ng cell v t i traffic c a cc cell k c n Handover c th : Knh khc trong cng 1 cell Cell m i, cng BSC Cell m i, BSC m i Cell m i, MSC/VLR m i Mobile ch lin l c v i 1 cell t i 1 th i i m
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o l ng Cell v Handover

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o l ng Cell v Handover

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Th t c Handover

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THNG TIN DI NG Chng 3: GSM 2G

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. C u trc t ng qut m ng GSM H at ng & d ch v m ng GSM Bng t n v tuy n m ng GSM L p v tuy n M ha ti ng v knh trong GSM Giao th c trong GSM V d

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GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommunication

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7. T BTS, Anten

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7. Sectors

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V h ng (Omni)
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7. Sectors
Sng mang c bng thng l 200KHz 1cell = 1sector, chnh l h ng pht c a anten L thuy t: Anten (BTS) t tm hnh l c gic u Th c t : BTS t t i i m giao nhau gi a 3 hnh l c gic li n k M i hnh l c gic l 1 cell hay 1 sector 1site = 1 tr m BTS, 1 BTS c cc c u hnh cho 1, 2, 3 sector 1 sector c th c 1, 2, 3, 4 (n) b thu pht (TRX) 1TRX s d ng 1 sng mang Trong WCDMA 1 sector c th c nhi u cell. Cc cell trn cc sector ny s c cc t n s khc nhau.
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7. Tnh tan vng ph sng (Planning)

S tr m BTS ph thu c vo: a hnh Khu dn c c i m dn c Kinh ph (if any)

Khu V c 1

Khu V c 3

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Thng th ng c ph n m m chuyn d ng m ph ng v tinh tan

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7. C u hnh BTS
1 site = 1 BTS, 1 BTS c th c nhi u tr m pht (TRX) v c th c nhi u sector C u hnh BTS th ng c vi t d i d ng: (S TRX) /(S TRX) /(S TRX) Sector1 Sector2 Sector3

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VD: BTS c c u hnh 1/1/1 : BTS ny c 3 sector, m i sector c 1TRX BTS c c u hnh 1/2/1 l BTS c c u hnh 3 sector, sector 1 v sector 3 c 1 TRX, sector 2 c 2 TRX BTS c c u hnh 1/12: BTS s d ng anten Omni (V h ng) c 12 TRX
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7. BTS: Dung l ng
BTS s k t n i v BSC b ng lu ng E1 M t TRX s d ng 1 ARFCN. 1ARFCN s c 8Timeslot (TS) 1 TS (#0) dnh cho bo hi u 1 TS ph c v 1 user cho TCH/F v 2 user cho TCH/H Ph i c t nh t 1 BCCH trong 1 cell ( 1TRX) VD1 : Cell ch c 1 TRX: TS0: Bo hi u: TS1~7: TCH/F, TCH/H, SACCH VD2: Cell 4 TRX: TS0: Bo hi u cho nhm: FCCH, SCH, BCCH, CCCH 2TS: bo hi u: SDCCH, SACCH 29TS: TCH/F, TCH/H, SACCH
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7. BTS: Dung l ng

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7. TRX v TS th ai

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Cng xu t pht

BTS Power Class (Th ng 5~7)

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MS
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 nh y b thu

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Tm t t
M t ch c nng t ng qut m ng GSM Cc d ch v GSM cung c p Tnh c bng t n uplink/downlink Phn bi t knh v t l & knh logic, frame, multi-frame M t ch c nng knh d li u v knh i u khi n Th t c B t / t t mobile Th t c modile nh n cu c g i / mobile kh i t o cu c g i Th t c c p nh p v tr c a mobile

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Q &A ?
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