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xav f.l.E tO vlmXTO lTJ AJI6 ow j)yaivn TJ
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tJ.te8vo1J;, oav tov KamJto'XL m:n fEQilUVta, tov {)to MJtUOUEQ xm
tov ci>QivtQLX AvtAEQ otnv Atxngla, ;tou yt' auto ax.Qt.fki>:; a;to-
odxtTJxav avnOQUOlLXOL, UJtfQUOJUOltc; tOU XHQOlfQOlJ OJIOQ-
toti'Vl0!J.01J xm tTJ:; oomabgoooola;. AA.J.WOtE x.m n av<i>VH!lTJ
11JIQ0001JQU n mawioraon ( Weltrevolution), ;to u f)yirx.E
10 !9!90TTJ Ht.FWTJ(SoLialistischeBUcherei, Heft II; Ignaz Rrand*),
briXVEl ;toA.li ;tagaatanxa 6A.n tTJV nogda tTJc; ox1j!TJc; xm 6A.o tov
x'lmA.o tn; 11.6./..A.ov OAlJ tnv (tj)uooo tTJc; {lJ[EQlOXEl.VLa;,
mu oxoA.aonxLO!l01\ tn; ;tQOOtlrf.LU x.m tTJc; ngo6ooiac; nov
OlJ!.llfEQOVHt)V tn; rgyanxric; - xm 6A.a aun't f.l.E tTJ oaA. toa
tTJ; UJit:(l<iGJIWT)c; tljc; lbEat; tTjc; JtajfXOO!lW.c; EJICI.VUOtaOTJc;>>.
ea ota.Bo\Jf.l.E O!llt)c; mo btr!;obtx.a o' tnv 11JI(.)()001'(l<l al-
A.n (j)oQ<l. E&i> ea OTJf.l.ELWo<HJ!l 11ovo tvo. rry11a ax611n: am rro-
A.1J-:n:oA. u naA.la xgovw, omv o KamnoxL iJmv ax6J..LTJ
x.m OXL {lJ[OOlUtTJt;, t0 aav LOlOQlX.O JtQO-
to VOE;(Of.l.EVO VO. 0TJ!1LOUQ'{TJ8d !lla tftOla XalCtOtaOTj JtOU
n mavaamnxotnm tOll Q<J)OLxou rrgo).nagLatou va ytvEL ::rg6-
tmo ym tTJ tJ. E uQ<i.lrrn. A ut6 f'(L vno 1902, 6tav o KaoutcrAl
EYQUf otnv 10'Xga2 to O.Qf:lQO d)L o).ajkn xm n
fJtUVUOtaOTj. I\ an f.ygaq;E o' CI.UTO to CtQf:lQO:
0!1Wc;>> (avrWna o.rr6 TO 1848) va GY..f.-
(j)TOU!lE 6xt f.U)vo on m 2:Mj3ot on:; YQ<J.p ..J.Lt:; twv rnava-
OlutlXOW A..awv' ana X.l.U 6n TO XE\'TQO fktQOu; tlj; E.."taVUOtatL-
xiJc; crJ(fnc; xm tlJ; bQOlJc; f.LEtato::rG;nm M.o xm
JtEQWOOtEQO npoc; to\J:; LA.Uj)ou;. To E.."tavaotanx6 xtvreo f.l.ETU
{lJ[O trt8uon mnv l:Ta JtQWta ;tEvfrvra XQO-
vta t9ou mtirva ()QLOXOlaV mlj J'aJ..J....la, wirrou-x(tJ{ou atljV
* IoawJ.umxrjfit{iio.to{hjx1J,H1.ix. II, Iyxv6.t; M:tQ!l'lll. HlY'Vt'.
AyyA.la. To 1848 x.m n fEwavta l!>'li)x.E ow; twv mava-
mm:Lxtirv E8v<ilV ... 0 vto; mtirva; 11 ttow. yfyovota, J011
x.avow va oxrqrro1)11 on yta naQCUtf.Q<l p..Etut6m-
on lOU f:t:avaotattXOU X.fVTQOU, X.at 01..')'XEXQL!J{Va yw !.t.f.TaTO;u-
OlJ lOU OTl] Pwota ... H P(llOi.a, Jtotl bt'XtnK1001] mavam:anxi}
JTQWto(x:ruA.i.a a,"{o tn M'on, tci>QU fLvm i.ow:; n i.6w twq.tn va yt-
VELrrl]yr'J EJtaVUOtaTLXl] fVEQYEla; yta lTJ L\.Ual]. To QWOLX.O ..'1:0-
VUOW.HX.O XLVTJILU 1I01J qJOlJ\'tWVEl ea (L"tOOELXTEl l(J(!l to mo
wxulx'.l !ll'oo yta va to ITVE'U!!O. tov OaQaf3aA.LUo!!fvou
x.m rov !!LX{lO::to/..mxavno!1o1J, nou aQxU;,n va tiw-
bi.6rtm on; w.t;, x.cn Ha x.avEL va !;avavalj)H !!E l;,wngt;
!pAOy; n bi.lj)U wv aytirva x.m n YE!!atn ;taf.to:; aq;ooiwon ota !1E-
yW..a LOaVLX.6.1Lf1.;. H P<tXJLa arr6 xmg6 m.njlf va d vm yta tTJ l1lJTl-
xT) Evgw::rn tva arr/,6 rrgo::rt!QYLO tn:; avti.tiQaon; xmrmJ UJto-
'Jm,l<; m'uupa va axgL{kil to aVTWEto. H
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CflTJ Pwoia ... OL Pwoot rnavaot6.tcc; 8a dxav Low;
ano xmlx'.l xavovton totJ; /..oyagtao!J.ou:; mu; tov to6.go, av
bEv T)tav WtoXQEwl!fvm va tavt&.(l)()Va ayorva x.m eva-
vna Oto oVP.!!UXO toU -to Et1QW::raLx.6 xnpO:A.mo. A; fAJttl;,OlJ!LE
nwc; tm)tTJ tl] <paga Oa xatoQf.tWoovv vu ;c.o.vovi.oow mu; Aoya-
QLUO!!Oll TOlle; XUL p.E tou; 0\JO EXElQOUc;, XUL ;rwc; TJ VEd "LfQi]
OU!!!LUXLU" Oa '{XQE!!LOTEL ::Ito ygiJyoga <L'l' 6,n OL ;tQOll'(OU!LEVf.
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to rraganav(J) o aywva; aut6c;, br 8a m'xvE xa!J.EVa. ea yovL!!O-
;tm T)oouv ta <j)UtQU tl]; XOl VCrlVLxi}c; rnavaOta(Jlj; OE OJ.O TOV ::IO-
A.mop.tvo x6o!lo. Oa ta xavow va avantux8o1JV rrto rr).ouota x.at
mo YQiJYOQU. To 1848, OL T)tav n owatiJ ::raytr>vLa rrot' txu-
o/E ta A.otll..ooota tTJ:; A.a'Lxl]; 6.votS,TJc;. 'law; tWQ<..t toll:; !1/,Jetm
va yi.vow T] OtiE),A,a ;[Q\J ea (JJTUOEl TOV ::rayo tl]; aVTLbgaoT]c; Xfl.L
0a q!EQEl UXatGOXftU tl]; Tll VEU, EUUJX.LO!li'Vll YLU tou:;
/..am)c; (Kag/.. Kaoutoxt, Ot :D..il)ot xm n E.."IavaOTaan. O.QtlllO
OlT]V '/(J'Jt(!<l, QUJOlXT) OOCJLU).bTJ!LOXQ<.HLXl'J E:;tUVU<JtatLXlj fCfTJ!LI:Qt-
ba, 1902,f1Q.t.pt)l...l8,tn; IOtouMagtTJ 1902). .
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II. AIIO TOYI BA2:1KOYI OPOYL
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xaHuatQll!u'va otg<.iwum.
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mltoOto(u xm o mo cq1dA.txtor; :tM.FW>; trtt; vta; Ev<ivnu
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ataorj wv (tam> xm or !ALa xwgn) r'iEXCLIAamai;ETat tJOtEQCI. n .. -ro
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tOll OLffh:Otll; Xq;at,Ul0l.l. Otll <'l\lVCt.f.lll XUL Gtl) atEQEOlTftU
nov <'lLd)vwv ?irowiw trt; uonxi] tO.s'l;. n/..M xm atll in1vawJ
auvrjflna;, otrt l'i1'rva11Tf tl]t; tuxr.njt; :raraywyr)r;. I 'tatL,
OTOV no).1J, ITClQU :toJ..1) !lLXQi] ::tUQUYW'{rj, XUL
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OllVXliJt;, x(xtlC_f.LI\XL. :XO.Or <i.Jea, allOOQ!lntu xm Of
xa. l'ta 6/,c;:, UtilE w; m ttr; Ttl'ilXtatOQLH lOU 1lQOAftUQLUt01J d-
VUL aJWQUL ll]Tll XUl ll VtXTf fV(tvna Otl]V UOtl:Xi] Hll;l] d VaL nM-
VCltll XWQlt; flaX(.X'IXIJOVO, f.::tl!AOVO. JtOAf!W iJ
8uvatou, rroAEf.LO ::tou <L-ram( avwxi}. rrn8ugxLu, omlkg6tl]ta.
xm rv6tl]tn f::ltAl'JOTI;.
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tngtatue Otl] P<rXJi.a :mgnotat Lita ae 6oouc; bt:v !;tgow '\la
oxl'<.jltOVTUl i] Of <'lEV ElUXE V(1 aXEqltOl)V auto to
JtW l] MOh'tll otl'r/.f\"TQOITOLnall XUl l]ltLO Ul.lUTl]Qi] JtEl8aQXl.!l
wu ::tgoAEtaQL<itmJ elvm l'va; CL-r6tou:;:, fklot:xoi'c; yw. u1
vixn rv<'lvna atnv a.uuxi1
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1:p10VHU aexncx fktOta tL nun) xm xd.n11 a::t6 rrow;
ouvfh'pte; vn ylvt.L. f:rrgr..t:r f.Ll'jn(JJ:; m
ltQO; 1Tf ooj)tfTLXrj E';Ol.IOl.a XUl TOt; VU (JltVOOEl)-
OVTal CJ!I):'VOTf(Xt {L""TO fUU JWA ti UO{Xx[Jrj awi,\ 1'07/ TWV UL Tl(JlV :TO \I
hdzvow ytari OlUJTOt.crfBtrtOL ft..""tOQWav vn TTl\'
ftJtflQUlTTITll yLU to EJtaVftOHLtl tt(l :TQOtXTUQLCl.TO
0 fl..""tOAOfBDWJftO; l'Jt<iQXEl Of!V QfiJfW JTOAL OXfl/'T); XUL
OUV :TOALTLXf) XOflflCl UJTO to 1903. M6vo 11 WTOQLU tOll 1-lJIOl.Of-
flti!Wf.l.Ol.) af 6AI1 rnv JifQLo6o n1c; tm! p ... -rogd vn
on LXHVOJIOLTJTLXU '{LUTL ((lJt6; fl:TnJ0EO< \'U OCfU(.:n]/.mi)OEL XUL VU
blfHllQi)OEL 1-!t:O(l ow; JTLO /')(IOXOAfs Tll OLbE(!fVW. :TfL-
tlaQXLCl :;tOll fl VftL ClJtaQUl tl]Tll '(LU Tll vf.ttt] TOU
Km Jl{lLV a..""t' oJ..u '(EVVL{Tm to f(lltHTJpa: ;rw;; rtQtnllTUL TJ :Lfl-
Oagzia Tou muvaownxo1) X0!1J.lttto:; tou ngoAf'W(It<'nol'; IT<iJs;
EAf'(Xftfi.L; fhiJ; 0 n Q!ilTO, J..lE TTl UUVHOllTOTl]TCl !ll; ItQU
:l:QWtO:;ttHJtU; XCtl lllV '!Tic; Otl]V mava-
OTUGll, tT)V rn;. Tl]V Ulltof-ll'OLU tl];. TOV l]QWLO!-LO Tllt;,.1n\
tfQO. tnv tx.a.Y.Urlj.lil Ttlf: va Ol...'V&irw.. va xm we
EVa OQLOf..lEVO j)af:lJ.lO, UV f:lilil, \'U !Jlr/;(WVl'VfTUL flE TT)V :TlO JtJ..u-
TLa ft6.sa tlJlV JIQWTUJIQ(6!U jJ.E TT)V
fM1 axow]xm w r11 Tg( ro, w
TT)V OQtlOtT]W Tll(,; JIOAVt'LXit; JIOU tllV
JtOLEL T) ;tQWTO:LO(llft, W lT)V OQ8citl1TU tT)c; JtOALTLXl\; OlPU-
XUL TCLXTLXi)c; tl];_, TOV OQO 6.u 04. Jl.W ;r} em; llcYtf; Oa
=rl8ovtm a no tnv ibw wv; nw m:ioa .';'L' a en'J tT)V UQ86tl]ta.
XwQLo:;: aumt); OQO'l'; Fivm Tl nnHagxin
f.lEOa a tva =-ravnomnxo XOf.lf.l.U, Lxavo vu d vm w
XOf.l.!W tl]; n:Qono::r6ga; nou txn va
lT)V UOUXl) n't1;n XUL va flHUOXTJ!WlLOH OAI1 TT)V XOLV(J)VLa. Xw-
QL',; (.(tiT OUt; tml; ogouc;, xaec UJIOJTElQU va fll)fllOt'QYTJBEL mtf:lug
XLa f.lHaTQE..TEtOL ftVa.ITOCff.U/!tU Of OUJIOl.NOCfOl!OXCt, 01: Aoyo:xo-
JILU, OE mf1rrxto!!OV;. AJto to aA"A.o 1-LEQOt;, OLOQOL mnoi OfV fl..""tO-
QOUV va ;ragoumuutot'V arttomc;. Tm1o:; bt.arwgq:<ilvn rt6vo !lLf1
f.LUY.QOXQOVTI flOli}.Ha, !1LU /)(IOY.OAT) :TELQf1"ll f:tfsEQYUOLU tO lit; bl-
n.r,<OAttVHUL f.l.i TT] @lOTi) E.""tUVUOTUTLY.i) 8E(I)('lf1, Jl'OU !1 TT) Gl'l!,)U
TTJ bEv dvm My!.La. uU(t btaflOQ!.fJtlwnm n:f.txa f16vo Of
owbEon w tTJV bg{wn Ev6; nguwanxa rmi;Lxm, v.m
rrgaywxnxa mnvaotunxoi1
Avo flJtO)m.BtXlOftO:; 1-LJlOQLOE VU E::rfsfQ'{UOTEl i{Ul va HfU(l-
[.lt'lOH f..ll ...< L tl.JXLa oto 1917-1920. rttou OE uq:avmota Ol)oxo!-u::;
-(10 OOQl 30 uop"i 3XUflq>t:hJ\;1l'.At10 JQ :OO()'JX 1)1l1mt
-orioih mx 1:0x AC!J'(1rio
A(!>A310 'i,tmX1oA:o 1nx 'Snoqq>'('(3ctH mx (lOX
-11\Uch 3 noriOAl;>ODl.t mx nori1riQA 1x 1x 1to1 M!l:b
-oori 1\mOQ:bmq !\ml SJAD'('(DAJ Suo S:onnnou Stu mx Sml.u.(tX
-m Stu 'SOOJ3:t:: Sl,txunwnADL."J Sin mOM? Alt1Jri Q"("(Oll OOQllto
-1/J,}DOO:t:: l}lD'X 1DX fOlD? .\3(? Dl!\QOX 31A?L'1)X3q Dll;>1il:O ,o
nocy>X l;>1rlDx )lU1J ori09x .\010 Sltll)10riQ 1\39 Sut"lJ3:!!: Sl.t1 01
-.:wyu .\01 Soou Sm rtoll '(L 161-061) DJOOlOl
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lJl:: 3xlt10J!\n:Drl3 no1.:: o 'Soo;ni o-xw 01
orio9x AOlO oorpX lt'('(l! l)1lim: 009 So 1x r,toxnmo:oADllJ
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mox;irt:Ofl 0091 'Sno}Xo SpAf1J19 5310(l.O"(l:: 0091 3Dl.tlXQ.l.tD :OA<!)
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-QX Sl.tllqlOild Stu norm Alt1 3Ti 5130)0x/,,to 'Snoo,H{}lt'(Dl3 '5130
(l31l.tokolD Altl.O S]l11xoq l.toltAOl;>ll
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-tt.A3ll 30 l)X11DrlAool! 30lllXp1IV J\01 D)001d lt 'D)Of031lpm
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Sl,lx1chr"iy Slt11DX Sltllq>Oil3. Slu :OJDlit3"(31 30'QX
1DX ()Y.11xlt'(L"D1DX 3Ti5DlM!)fiClO'(OXOO:Ol 'D)Of03fl
-Dl31,l10(1)0 D1TI Drlt)9 nJ 'I).OTI010DOli).OX110nOQ11A:O
mx llOlOJ.l} DlO:OlAl)<bD ll01 01 Q1ID HJll)X 'DJO<OclltlO llrlt?XO
OOQ:t::Olmo:t: lt '006 I- 068 I :01J.3:0X3QI.ll Sm DJ13DX3Ql11
()L"D 'tollJ(h:t:: 'nAq>m 901r"i l10L7)))1 'DJDmd l.tw
-:om Sl.t1 Sumx Ufll!( :01 '5130(l31AD"{Dl Su mx Sno
SU91D DU)31 lt 0031 )D1<;111D'X l)'f'(.D 'DA()')1D ll06l l101
00"(9 00)31 mrio9)'.ADl:: lt 0A9li 1X9 M!1 SD)OrlJ3{-) Sl,lxunw
-D.\Dl3 Slt1-SI,t1ilD OA9ri mx- Sl,u.nn mll19e00 !\ltl1D)I
-aoo no1 su
1
am3e su1um;>}J u1o mi\1)1.:: 'LtolXItt3o.J10 011! !\tt1o (T)Al}J.:
061 m 3xlt10JA:od:ir"i3 5Q'limx1\:J3o'(ollri o o1 0llV
SnJ.o<llcl Slu 53):b<JOTI01(?1
S}X100101 l){lno mri 30 D1D1Di)..O'(L"D 1D13"(p:Do ()1ilD 'D)X0:0!)131"
D1A?(hqw mr"i mx ltoltJollod!AJ'X.J.rto om M!1 'SJxlJ.+l,\n
vtO!lO xgovtxo buiotTJ!ta tmwc; :tloiYro u:TOXQ<i>Of-
wv ,1-tf86&ov mif.. TJ<; o).wvrwv rn; o1:ryxgovn; xot vwv(u;,
Xat l.l<lALOta ::tatn:; ::tOll, tT]; xaftuOTEQT]OTJ tr]
XaL toU {30.Q011 tOU lOU toUQLU!J.OU, WQL!J.UtE EsaLQETLXG
YQWO!JU, !lf l0lf1llfQTJ bllpa XaL E::t:LTUX(U TTJV aVTL-
<rtOLXTJ trAnnatu rn; xm :ro-
:tELQU:;.
IlL OI KYPJOTEPOI LTA8MOI
ITHN IITOPIATOY MIIOAIEBIKIIMOY
Xg6vta :rgoEtOL!laota; TTJ r:rav6.omon:; (1903-1905 ). Ila-
vrouvw18w; 6n tuytiwn n llf.YUATJ 0UEAAa. 6A.r; w; rru;H;na-
QatTJQfltm ft.UL lt!JOElOl!J.UOlU. 0
Tlrn:o rwv EXJtatQW!J.fvwv Elrwgnnxa 6).a ta tn-
TTJ E:ravammJT]c;. Ot nmg6ownm rwv tQtWv flamxtilv
t<il;EWV, TWV TQLWV XIJQLOTEQ{I)V lTOALtLXWV QEU!lUTWV, lOU qJlAE-
AEtlEIEQOll-UOTlXOU, wu !lLXQOUOtLXOti..OT]!.tOXQUnxou (nou uxr-
n<il;Etm f.lE n:; TU!lJTEAE: ElTE <<GOOLaAE-
JtUVUOTUTLiC:r'j XUTUf.hJvGTJ:!) ft.Ul toll JtQOAEtaQLUXOU-E.TrUVUOta-
tLXOU, !lf TTJV ol;'l"taTT] naA TJ TtllV CllTO'lpEWv 101.1 JTOU CI.VUqJE()()vtaL
oto ::tQOYQU!l!lCI. xm tTJV tmJ; JtQOavayy/..l..ouv xm JtQO-
ETOll.uil;ouv Tl]V EJI'EQXOJ..lfVT] ::LUATJ TWV O).a ta
l;TJll'J!latCI. yta ta OJtOLa EYLVE 0 EVOJtAo; aytilva:; TWV !lUl;tilV Ota
1905-1907 xm ota 1917-1920 jL"'COQEl (xm :rgtnn) va ta Jto{Xl-
i!OAou9i)on XU VEL OE q$Q1JtOOT] <rtOV Tl'JTO E'itd vou lOU
XULQOU. Km UVU!lfOU uta tg(a XUQLOTEQU QEU!latU U::t:UQXOUV, fV-
VOELtat, eva OWQO EV6LUf..lEOOt, llftuf3anxot, OXTJ!lU-
fl LO O<rlOta: OTlf\' JtlA T] lli)V Evtu::t:WV OQYOVWV, HoV XO!l-
!iUTWV, t(I)V JtUQUT<i!;WlV, TWV O!iU()ci)V UJtOXQllOtaAAWVOvtUL Ol
tbEOAOyLxOJtoAmxtc; X.UTEU8Vvow; Jt01J fLval JtQUY!lUTLXU ta!;L-
xt; Ol tal;EL OqlllQTIAUtOW ta avay-,mia u"iEOAOYlY.U-JtOAl nxa
6:;rA.a toll; yta w; E.."1fQXO!lfvE:;
XQ<)vta tTJr; mavaotaOT]; ( 1905-1907). 'OA.r:; m ta!;nr; E!lfpa-
vLtovrm avmxn't.. '0/..E<; Ol an61jJnr; OXETLXU !lE to JtQOYQU!l!lU XUL
tl]V rt.Eyzovnn tll OQfWl]tc:lv 0 a::rrQytax6c;
uytiwu; JIOlQVH :tQrmoc.r-avt\l(J)to owv x6o110 rrtJno:; xm o1;1)-
TTJH1. H OLY..OVO[.llit1J U.l:f0'(lU Of ::ro},tnY.rj Y.m Tl
rro/..mxlj Of r!;f'{f.QOlJ. OHlV 1tlxlS11 OL axton; avo-
!JEOU IJ'tO llQOAE'tUl:_)lCI.'tO JIOI! xaOobnyEl XaL OTlJV xu8obll'(Ol'W-
Vll, taA.ovtrut'IJ.lEVll. amoei] Mton OtflV (tl !()6l'f.Arrt rt ova-
mt.tl;l] tmuyri1va Yf\'Vtt1CtL Otto-
ttv!'-;: btu!lClXF; yLn n1 1.nuwuia t(J)v to !tF.ya-
}.o l.l'(I.OVC1 tol.l 1917-1920. H fVUAAnyrj nuv
!LOQGXi.rv ;ra).l]t; [.lf w; 1111 xmvcfxJU}.n.tnxF:;, nt; taxnxit:; 111:; <L"to-
xli:; rutO TO XOL VIJ/3u llALO [.lf lflV TflXUXTt ttl; 01ltJ..I-lflOXlJ OTO XOL-
vof)OUALO, TlllV VO!J.l(W.J\' !lOl:_lq:wv n:<IAJl; !H' n:; :rag6.V0!1E, xnO(\l<;
xm ll xm 11 m'vi:iwij mu;- 6/..a auto w xago-
tvw; :xota.il:Arpmxo:; :r/..ot'rro; mgtfXOf.ltvOl.\ KC::rSr lrri-
vw; OUTTj:::; 111; m:QtOCOU LOOClUVO!lOl'i<JI:, fi.JH) Tl]V Ctrt01.jll] Tfl:; fX-
).lU8l]OT]<; nov f:ktoEwv w; :roi-.mxn:::; -xm arro n; !L6.-
trc: xm a.n:o wv:; UQXTffot)c;, xm (.IJ(O w; 1:C::.t!;n:; xm (l](OT<l xOJ.l-
IJ.Ut'O- f.I.E tva xQ6vo <<EI.QflVLXtlS avlt..lt"UE.llc;.
X(l}QlS Tl] COXL[.ltl TOll 1905 Oa f)'WV abt'lVO.'tTJ T] VLXTl Tl]S
E;wvriamol]; tot' 1917.
Xg6vta tll'; avti.bQOOll; (1907-1910). 0 TOOQLO!H1; VLXTJO.
'Of..u w mavuomnxa xm nvtt::to/..momtxa XO!J.IJ.UTU ouv1{1l
Qltnxuv. KataJrt(J)(JT], urro86.QQtJvolJ, l'ltaorr:aow;. ux6QJTLOf.lO,
UJfOQTUOtU, :lO(_)VOYQUiflO OlT) f1Eof) tl]; !\tMl(UOVI'l TJ
TUOll yta to q;t),O<J()(ftX6 L6fuAlO!J.O. 0 ElVUL TO 1!f-
rwv ovtmovaotanxtiJV Ototlroewv. Taut6Xt_lOVO 6!-lw;,
T] WYO).Tl OXQL(}(i>; l]nr.10L VEL OT(l. EJ[O.VUOlUHXU XO!!!..l.UTU XOL UlT]'V
mavaomnxij TUSTI tva ;IQOY[.lOtt:Xci Xat toq:EAL!!OTOTO !H:tfutJ..l,
fJ.OfhlJ.la LOTOQLXfj:::; fmV.O<nxij:;, J.!09lj).lU XOTaVOlj(Jl]<;, LXUVOtl]-
WS xm n'xvnc; yta tll 6u:1;aywyn tou n:oAmxoi, aywvn. It11
bUOT"IJ;(La (f.Q.LVOVTOL OL !pLAOL. VLXT]).lfVOl !JTQ(.llOL nu4}vowxa-
Ml ).lO.Ot)!lntO.
0 VlXflTTt<; tOOQW[.lOS ElVUL avay.<OO!lfVOC: va XOTUOTQE1tJEL
om YQtlYOQ w unoA.ELf.l!WTU tou ngocwnxou, notgtaQxtxo1.t Bi-
ou OtT] P(XJt.a. H mmxl] fl;O .. t.l;T! tTl Pwoi.uc; ;tQOXWQfi El;atQW-
xa YQTJYOQU. Ot Eswml;uttc;. m vnFgtal;tit:; outu.-r6.m;;, ot am a-
. on fLVat bwat6 vo anoq;UyOU[.lE lOV X(l](Ll0AlOJ10, OLa-
A ,lOvtat oov it((J[VtJ. H tnl;txt'j rrMl) E/l(pnvii;.nm f1F. Evrf A.1i)c; xm-
voiJQYLO nj>rw xt ctx6LtTJ mo !;f'r.aealm.
Tn movaotanxa n:gE'nn va Ol)f.to""tt,TJQ0.loo uv TIJV X-
naibumi tou:;. 'E!J.a8av va Twgu f(vm av(ttr.rJ W<
xntcxJ.lrfiom: Oil atrni TT)V En:lOTTJ!..lll 1TQfJTFI VH TT) Ol
1
ILl:ATtgU)(JOW
\1f TTJV EmOTi]pl) w\1 mi); vn mo xavovtxa. E vm <rwi-
'{AT] va -xm T] mavaonmxij ftE TTJV ({nu TT]V
:UXQlJ Tl'J'; :Trll!O rm0uivEL va 10 XUta/..aj:kttVH- on bfv p .. ,l:OQOl)-
f..I.E va Vl.Xij001.1[-lf, UV fu: !--lf100\lf.lf VH rnm0t!UUJtf O(J.KJHl Xal VU
U:TOXlllQOlJ!lf Ol!lota. Arr' 6/..a m VliOJrttvn uvn::toALTI:'lJTlXll XUl
xo!-lwna ot vrroxtilQT]oa''l--lt n1 ru:-
yu.AirrrgTt T(tl;T]. rtr n:; /..q6TEgrc;a..-r<i>A.mc; yta TO <<OTQOTO toUI;,
!..lf TT]V xahrrrgT] bw!pl!l .. n;T] TOll rrvgftva TOl!, ru: n; !lLXQOTEQf;
( u1; JTQo; ro jXlflo; xm TO avE::mv6Q{l<ut<'> to1.x;) OlClom:'ton;. f1F. 111
!-llXQOU:Q'l aJ[oflftQQUVOl'], !lE t1j lXUVOTT]t<l va sa-
VUL)XlOOlJV T1J bop),na mo rr/,ana, ;no owma xm mo bQOtl)QLU.
Km Ol JllTOAotflixOL TO :TftllXOV crvt6 !-tt:'lVO Xm rt0VO ';'lnt(
mmav flj.lD.Lx-m xm FOt<rlSUV (LiTO w; tm1c; TOt!; r;w-
vamaw; xoml,a!)ol..vonJTQfJU:t
va trroxwgl)omJ!J.E, 6n rr:gi:rn va va u:rozulQOV!J.f, 6n
rtQC.mL omoobrpTOTE vu !1Ct0oW V(l OOl't,n: .. 'l.)llf..t.t vor.urm otn JUO
avrL6QI.LOTLY.U XOLvof,ou/.La, <.Ill; rtlO UVTLbQnonx.f; 01lVOLXfiAL
unxt;, ouvnct.Lgwnx.;, ampu),wnxf:; xm a)J,.; JtaQ6f.lm; og-
yav(ooar;.
XQ<lvta Tl'JS UVOOOll ( 191 0-1914). Inrv UQXtl n avo6o; tltU\'
at.rvtaota xut6;nv, ti(JTEQU cm6w yryov6ta tou Atva to
1912, xfutwr; mo yogyij. Ot !-lJ!O/,oel1ixot, aqxivra-
unc; buoxoAtEc;, fXtO:TWUV lOll !JVOq)LXOllc; rtOU to tou:;,
oav JlQUXTO\;?WV rn; aonxi)r; !-llOa OTO XlVfJrlU.
TOV xataJ..<4)E :tfQL'f'lrta OAl'] 11 aonxl) tffi;TJ llOTfQU a..-,:6 to 1905
lU YL' amo TOUr; UrtOOTt']QLtE 1-lf XlAlOllr; lQOJTOll; rvavna
OAf! TJ aouxt'] tffi;TJ. 01. jLl:OAOE{)LXOL OIJ.(J.l; Of ea Y.O-
TOQ8Wvav rrott va ro nn-L')(Ol.N uut6, uv CiEv tll ow-
raxnxit wu ouvol!OOIW'll tnr; rraQ(tvollflr; <'>ouA.etr; !-lf tflV
urrcr,wewnxlj XQllOl!.LO::tOll'JO'l nrw <<VOJlLIJ.WV OlJ'\.'O.TOtitt(llV. L'fllV
UvtlOQUOWt6taTll OL f.l..I'WAOf[)LXOL xQ{lwnv !-tE to !lfgo;
tOll<; OJ.T] TT]V EQYUTLY.tl Y.OUQ(U.
I hMIli k, LJL1tfQLUAL0lLXO:; nol..qw; (1914-1917).
I I \'l.'llllli o:, ilOIVOf\0\IA\JllO!lO:;. Jlf fVU V..Ol-
"'"-!''" rrvomp'QEl JtOAUllj.tOTUW; TOU
1111 vw H nnKot' rrl'o}.naqt.<l'rou. m ).1.. Ot !1JtOA-
onti41llQi0.
4
Itov Tuno twv Ex-
HIH!_lli!!Li=vow BQLCJ'X.OUV TTJV rr/..T)Qrt rot:; 6A.t::; Ol O.'l'[o-
Xllliurnc TlolV o: .. '16'4JEWV: 0 OOOLaAL).I..IfQLUAlOj.t():;, 0 OOOLuJ,oof\L-
VUJI.t.i'), o ooowL'101QLW1LOJt6:;, o omlVrnl'tt; xm o ouvcn't:; OlE-
o ::raoLq>to!u); x<u n rnavootanxrl UQVTJOTt nov :ram-
<f'LOmuiJV mrumotwv. Ot rti..Wwt emotl'nwve; 'i!UL m ygwl!A.t;
rn; ll ;wt' oouq;gwvav Tll !tUtTI wm; rtEQLCfQOVTfn'ldt
xm !LE u::rcQOlfLO yw w; migo ::roJ.J .. t:; nm1
!l{Oa OTO QWOl:XO OOCHOAlOj.tO xm YLO lTt /,uooaA.ta JHlAT) nou YL-
VlJtUV av6.)..lf:oa rot1:;, 6F.v 1m6gwav. orav o n6A.qw:; xatCtQYllOE
tTtV ITEQl{)Ol]tt] VOJUIJ.OTTtW Of. 6),; tlc_; ::t(lOTtY!lhE:; XtiiQF.:;, VO
OQYOVOlOOtiV f0'(1) XUL XOTO ITQOOEYYLOfl !lLO TETOlU fAEl!ef.QlJ
(rtaQ<iVO!LTf) avnlA./..ayiJ 0.1'[01.jlEWV XClL !LLU 11'10LO EAEt!{:lEQl] (JtCl-
gOVOt.J.t]) O(I)(Jtc.iJv an&\Vfwv, nav :XL amr!nou ogya-
V<OOUV m P(i)(Jm EAJ3ui.a ;ocu of !ll.(I OELQU tiA-
A.rc; xtilQE:;. ft auto axet.j3Wc.; xm m avmxtoi.
xm Ol <<')((lOU'tQXLOTE:; 6A.wv lWV XWQWV O.i'lOOti.)(tfiXOV Ol xu-
QOTI::QOL n:Q066w; 1ou :t(>OAETCtQL6.tou. Km avo JllTOAOF[)LXLOt.J.6c;
!1-"'OQEOE VU VLXlJOI::L UlU 1917-1920, t.J.LU (L'10lL l)umxt; ULTLE
ami)c;; Tt] VlXlj EL VClL OIL 0 JllTOAOf.fjLXWt.J.Clc_; rur6 10 1914 OXOt.J.Tf
O!lfLALX'ta lfiV JlOtartOtl}'tU, lfiV ;tUALClv8QW1tLCt XUL
lfiV 1tQOOTlJXLCt TOU OOOlClAOof)WWt.J.OU XCll lOU
(ovaJ.oyEc; t.J.' am6v I'Lvm OL an6'1pnc; twv onu&.uv ruu Aovyxt5
OTTt fal../..i.a, Ol 0.1'[61.jlf:l:; tWV UQ"f.lT'((i>v toU AVEsUQlfltOU Egya-
UXOU xm nov q:oaf3toviliv
7
otT]V A '((A.l.a, wu TouQ(t-
u otTJV ITa/..ia xlwt:.), xm xm6mv m 1.1 lTJV i.bta tau:; TTJV
JtELQU :rf.iOovtov o/..o itaL m:gwo6nQO yw tfiV OQtlO'tfltn rwv
wt6'Vfwv twv JlllOI..oft1ixwv.
EJtUVOO'UOJ) OllJ P(OOLa (rut6 TO WI; tOV
OxtWf)Qn TOU 1917). H ClqxlVTUOlTf OUtlQCHTtTU XUL to YEQOOf..lU TOU
TOCtQW!lOi' Oftf..llOUQYTI!JUV ( o' am6 OlJ'VttA.f.crav 1a xm
ot 6uoxoA.i.Ec; rv6c; :rroA.tfJ,.ou) WtLoteuTfl
:XUtUO'tQO<pLKl] JtOU OlQEqx)WV EVClvtLOV lOll. MtOU OE Ai.-
yr; !141Ec; l1 P(l)(Jta J.lf.Tm\l(L"tl)XE oe Qf.JtoUJL"tA.txavtxi) aonxi) bl]-
!lO".rl{Knla, ;no OlJ\'01lxE lOU JTOAfJ!OP- U.."tO XU8E
6:AA11 XWQa toll XOO!lOU. TT}V xuj3EQVT]OlJ CxQXWUV va llJ OXlJJ..llltL-
OL UQ".(Il'(OL tWV uvn.:rtOAl TEUllXWv Y.ClL L\:UVUOTUTlXWv XO!l-
!JUTWV, 6:rwc; xm mo atiOtllQ(r-xotvoj3mt}.Eunxtc;>> C1J!JO-
xm o titA.o; rou UQXTJYOt't mu avtl...'lOA.ttfunxou
!!atoc; llfOa ato xm vol)ot)>..w. :raQa ro yyov6c; on mQOx.mo yta
to :TlO uvttfiQUCTt'lXO XOLVO{:knii..LO, 6tEW.OAVVf TOV XU10JtlVO (_)6-
AO rvO; rtrowu uemrol.i nr; r:;ravamamt;.
Ot IJ.EvoEj)ixm xm m OOOta),tort;-r::ravaoratt::;>> !J.[oa or llf
QLxE EfX\oi.Ulbfc; U<.pO!!OLtooClV lktU!J.UOLUOAOll; lQ01tOU:; XUL
w; IJ.E06&n!-;, ta f:JtLXHQi)!lUta XUL n; OO(jJLOtELE; T<tlV Eu(Xt.lnaL
<OV l1Q!OOlV Tfl; [I t(I)V IJ.l VLOLEQlUAlOtWvl! Xat U1t0
onOQtoWLonxij; oo.f\o\1Q<lc;. 'O).a 6on 6wj16.t.owr tti>Qa
yw tou:; latvtEilav xm rm1:; N6axr, yLU rov Kauunmt xm tov
XD.<pfQVTLV'(..t, yw rov Ptvre xm rov AouoTEQAm;, yta rov "Oto
Mnaourg xm rov<l>Qttc; AvrA.eg. yta rov TouQ<in xm rov 1\ov-
yx.t, Y.m row; ll'(t<E:; tm.t A vcl;Cr.Qrnrou Egya-
nxou OTlJV Ayy1.W., oi..a atrta Ita::; <patvovtm (xm ri-
vm JIQY!lUTlXa) UVLUQi) e::ravaA"Il\jJTI, yvmm;ou KUL
mu.wi' oxo:wu. 'OI.a atrra ra txou,.u: oa xt6A.a; otou:;
xouc;. H wtogta txavr tva aotrto xm avayxaaE tOlJc; oJTOQ-
rmrvtmtc; 1J.ta; M8tJOtEQllllEVllt; xu>Q<Is va /;E:t:rgaoouv roue;
unga:; ::tQOll'(IJ.EVIllv X(r)(_X!Jv.
A v 6i..m m i]QwE; nt:; II XQEDX6nl)Oav xm
rnxav oro rn:; owauta:; xm rou g6A.ou nov Ioflu'r y.cu
tTJ:; ooj.1LlLXtl ESOUOL<l<;, av JIQLAa-
!.t..i'1Q<l>> Xm J.!J1:1'!f>trtJ]XUV o' Ul!TO TO tiJrTJIJ.U OL Y)'(EW; TWV lQLWv
:rOAll o:;rou&lt(r)V nouByir..tav ml!J.Eg<l rut6 tT] II L\LE&vrj
(6TJA.abi) tm rt:mwvlxo\t Awl;aQTTJtot l:omal,owoxganxou
XO!J.I.J.m0;9, tol' fui-...A.txo\J x.m tou Ayyhxo\1 AvE-
EQyanxou av 6A.m rou:; ano6Ei.XTTJXUV
hoiJ/..OL TWV JTQOI,iJltlf(tJV TJ] (HUJ.OXQTLW; (oto
ITVEllf.tU Evtf)Ji.l:; TWV IJ.LXQOUUHOV TOll 1848, JTOll
vtUV OOOLa}.brj!LOXQCtTE:;>> ), Ep.ti; O).a avrara EWaiJ.f
rrUl._mbnyJ-1.0 twv ).1\'0F.f)i..xwv. H tmogitt htavr toino to aonio,
Otl OtT) P(!}o(a tO 1905 ycVVI'j8TTt(UV tn. on to q,i,Efk!QTJ IJ.t
O'.ttu'lf)Ql] TOU 1917 tU v68nj)UV OL llfVOf\LXOl1tOU XQEOXOJtl]OUV,
yLatL i}tav av(xavm va xmaA.6.j3ouv to Q6A.o xm rn OTJ!hlOLa wuc;,
XUL OtL TWQU Of 6),0 rov XOOflO yevvr'JHrptf T] u'>ta tl];
ESOllOLUI;, ;tOU 6LabLbnm IJ.E 11{KHtoqxtvrJ TaX1)tTJTU !lioa Oto JtQO
AftUQlUto 6A.wvt(l)VxwQ<.Ov, Evw m ;rai\.Lol i)QCucc; tl}; II
XQfOXO:rtOi'V XL mrro( .'WVTOV, rnELbiJ ELVUL UVLXHVOL VU Xatat.CI.
j)ouv TO QtlAO XUL tl] OTJI.WOLU t(J)V O:tW XUL OL
XOL flU. H 1tElQCI. a.JtEbELl;f OIL 0 OQW!lf:va JfOA U
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on:; x.a0UOlf.QT]!Ji.VES !J.Ctl;,E:;, '(Lati ta tETOLa
AW ::rqE...-m va 6uli.t.l0vtm, bu:mwlt 1rvn tflv E:n nr,<i.a tn:; bL6.1..umj:;
tou:;, DtEVY.OA VvEL TO JtOAL nx6 tOU aonxou XOL VO-
f:k:Jui..EUTW!J.OU. To va !J.T]V naigvn:; un:6lpT] oou tT]V nEiQ mrrij xm
mmoxqova va EXElS tT]V al;Lwon va avr'r..tELS otl]v Ko!i!J.OWwn-
x.iJ nmJ n:etrm va EITEsEQyO:l;nm btdJvoai tT]v
TlJS ( OXL oav OtEva i) !J.OV0::1AEUQO. EftvtxiJ mxnxi), aAJ..a axgtf)W:;
oav bu:6vtx1)) owaL vn 6n xavn:; tva oo[3ag6tato A.aeo:; xm 6n
axgtf>OO:; unoxwgl:; a,"t6 to btdlvw!J.6 otnv ::rQ(tl;n. evw tov ava-
yvwgil;,n:; ota J..6yta.
A:; bou!lf tWlXl m OAAavbtxo-agwtElxl>> L"tlXELQl'U.tata u::rtg
TT]S Oli!J.!J.HOX.iJ:; OTO Na 11 !J.ETU(fQaOT] (a:rt6 TU
uyyALX.a) tT]:; 4n:; Oton:;. tT]:; o::roubm6TEQTJS a::r6 n:; OAAavbt-
x:;>> OF on:; noH nvacpEQU!LE ::rw :;ravw:
'Otav TO xa."tna/..wnx6 ouOTT)!J.a EXH on6.-
on x.m n xm vwvia oE x.muaraon r::ravaataonc;, n
bQ<):OTJ X6.VFL Ol'(UOL'(6. T11 OT]!J.UOlU T11S Of
OlJyi{QLOl) tT] bQUOT] tWV illLWV t(l)V !J.USWv. 'Otav, XatW U."t'
autt:; w; to xm vo[:k:JuJ..w yl vn xtvtgo xm ogyavo
tn:; avterravaotam]c;, xm. an6 w ano !ll'go:;, n tu-
01l'(XQOtEL ta 6gyava tn:; e'!;ouo(a:; TTJc; !J.E tTl twv
jJ.JtOQEL va XataOTEl GXO!J.T] Xat a::raqai TT]TT] T] clQVT]OT]
x.a!:lE xm 6lxion.
* Hi... 1\navra, 51] u'lfL. 4Doc;, nf.J.... l-24. H 2.'1ivr.
H JtQWtlj qxi.Gll EtYm o),oq-<iYEQCI. ),a(:)qu\.'T], YLTL llOQ<iGll Tt:n ..
-A.oyml X<iQll, flLU (}.J(fQy(a- flym .irrivron
o::wu6m6UQTI u.-r6 tl'JV :xm bQ(iOl'J lWL <'>XL ft6vo TOY
Y..aL(I{) TTl; E::tavriantaTJs; iJ ae JTEQlOho xmaota-
oll;. AuT6 w oA.oqltYfQa ao1!otmo, LOTOQLX<i xm rrol.mx.a A.a-
Oq.ttYo EJTLXELQTJ!lCI., hELXYEl u.-r/,oimma :xaOaea on
ot ouvrc'txu; nv; floTJ; bEY rra(Qvouv xa06:A.ml tlJTO'\j!ll wlJt;
o1m TTJYJtfLQUO),ll; tll; '(EYL:XCt (TTJV ITELQ<l Tl'JS faA/,iw;,
rrgt Y n; s-raYamtwE t; TOU 1 S4S xm TOll 1870. tll fEQflUYtas; tTl;
mgtooou 1878-1890 Y..Arr. ), ot'm tll'V :tdga TTJ; PwoLar; (fn,. ::tLo
rravw), JTELQU OXEHXO !lE tTl GJTOlJOULOTTJlU lOU mlvhtKUTflOiitn;
v6!HPYJ; xm To am6f.xn tEQ<iona
OllWtOi.a t6oo yEYtxu (JOO xaL HbLx<i, ytmi or OAEpu; rro:A.m-
xm JtQt1llY!lfVE; x(6QES o Y..mg6; nou o
OllV01lO.O!-tl'l<; am6r; y(vnm 6/..o xm ::'IEQWOOlEQO -XCI.l fY [.lfQEL
E'( L VE lJJtOXQWlUXO; YLU TO lOU fJTUVCI.Gta HXOll JTQO-
AHUQLOtOU, xm o E[.lq:uJ.,w;
TOU JTQOAETUQLUTOU [.lf tY]V TOll; X0!-1[10\.!VL-
OTE:; wu:; :xambuilXOlJ'V A.uooaHu Ol blJ!lOXQUTLx; xm '{EVLxa Ol
(10HXfS JTOU 1-t x60E TQO::TO TTJ VOflL-
[H'lTlllC!. (lO Jtapa6ElYflU tl]c; flVCI.l UQX.ET<i EYOHXTLY.l))
xb. Aen) TO o::rm1bm6tmo m O:A.Aavc'loi xm yrvt:xu OL
UQLlllfQOl !)t;V '[0 XHflOAOU.
H i'lfUtfQTJ fprmn. JtQ(tHo, OEv dvm oworrj u.-r6 <i...-ro-
'1!11 E!-lfi;. OL JUlQU!lE 1-!EQOS Ota JTLO UV.'1UVUOTU-
TLY.<i Y.m ll ::'IElQ(1 EOfLl;E on 1) bl'V
a.-rA.w; WqJ0.LftT], (1AAU XaL aJtCI.!:_XllTl']tll yta TO lOU
mavaomnxo'\1 rrgoA.naQtO.tou axgt[XiJc; uotEQO u.-r6 tllV rrg<irrn
mavamuoll lYl:TJ Pwoia ( 1905) yt(1 TTl" rrgoEwq.taota TTJ
hElrt:EQllc; am C..'1ClVltoTUOl]; (1/.tf\QllS 1:011 1917) XaL OE O'UVE-
XELH TTJ:; E::Trtv6.m:ao11c_; ( O . .nW(}QTJc; TO U 1917) . .1. U-
lfQO, TJ !fQOCJl] aun] Elvm XctTU;"tATf .. ntXU JtaQUAOYlJ. A.-ro to '(E
yov6c_; 6n w xotvoj3ouho y(ynm 6gyaYo xm XEVQO (mnv
JtQOY!.I.anxotTJtct rrott OEV xm OEV !-I.JtOQEL va Ei.vm XEVQO,
am6 ::ragqun.m6vrw:;) 'tllS avtf:ravaowonc; xm m rgya-
w; Oll!lLO'UQ'(OW ta 6Qyava t.l;omi.a; wuc; tTl nuv l:o-
Btt, arr6 TO yqov6; mn6 vn w OU!-tJIEQUOf.la 6n ot
ITQf::'tfL Va -va LbfOAOYl'XU,
rroA.mxa. yw wv ay{ova rwv lofkf.t Evavnu mo xot-
vo[{oul.to, yta Tl] bLCtAUCJll TOU CI.Jl6 Ht Arro
TO Y'{0VO 0!-lul atJTO bE va xa06Aou TO <Jlll-lJTEQUO!-lU on Tl1
fiL(lAUOlj aunj Tlj OliOXOAn)H fifV T116lUY..O},(IVfL T] JtU(IOUOlU
avnnoi,LTWOT]t; f.lEOa OTO UVTEJICI.VHOTUTlXO Y.Ol-
01m ({JOQO bf OTO 6Lt'iOTT]!-lU T01.l VL-
Y.111PO(I0ll U'{(iJVrt r.tU EV(lVTla OTOV Nuvbttv XUL OTOV KoATOOX
6n bev rLXE Oll!-lCWta yta w; vbt:; r.ta n
rrooA.naQtaXlJ avnno),LTEUOTJ<; onr; YQCI.r.tl.d; -wu;. :::t-
(101 '1-.lf. ::tO All xnAa on -en btOAUOT] w:: JtOll rnv ::tQC1Y-
ott; 5.1 .1918, bEV TTJ CiUOXOAE\I'E, aA/..a TT] bL!olrJ(Q-
),UVf TO '{E'(OVO OH r.tf.Oa OTT]V
nou tlu UU!-1-E, TOOO l] Ol!VEJtlj, p ...
Y.LXl], 000 Xat T] UOUVfJtTJ, U(ILOTI:Qrj-EOEQLXT], ooBLFTLKrj aVTL;tO-
AlTEliCJll. Ot ouvraxrE::;: rn;; Ot011; iWQLOAFxn-
xa XUL TT]V Jttl(IU. av OXL 6/..wv, Tlll't,UXLOTO o/..6-
Xf,T]Ql]::;: onga:; mavamaoEwv, ::rml !lGQtl'Q6.l n6oo dvm cl:;m-
QEnxa rov xmQ0 1wv mavaon'l.oFwv o
TTJ:; OQ(iOT]:; a..-,:610 UVTlO(I(WTlX{) XOL vof1o1).to W Tl]V
UVLLJIOAlTH'OT) 1-.lEOU o' am6 TO TI:OU Ol1!1JtU8El TT]V
EJt:Uv6.0TUOTj ( UXOflT] xu), llTEQa H:tOOTTjQLtn ap.wu TT]V E:tU-
VcJ.OWOTj). Ot 0'-/..uvboL xm yvtx6. m <<UQLmEQOL oxtnwvmt
cbw oav rn; rno.vuomon;, rrou rrotf. bEv llf-
gos; or :'IQU'(J.tanxl) E:tavamo.on rrou 6r f.kitlm vuv mnv wwqta
TOJV f.JtO.VUOTUOE{l)V, Jt01l ;tULQVOl!V rutf..o'Cxa 111V
U..'tOQQL\J!Tj>> OQLOpiVOll avn<'lgmmxou 0f0f.l0l1
TOll a..-,:6 n;; XOl Vf OllVUJlEL oA.&i!.A l]QT)t; OHQ<ic; UV1L-
Xrt!-1EVLXWV Jta(_Jay6vmJV. To mo aoqJal..t; 1-.lEOo yta
ow; [J.ta vta noA.mxn (xm oxt !lovaxa ;roA.mxl)) t6ta xm va TlJ
BAwnc; ei vm va TTJV om ovqw TTJ; TTJ,
m:; TOV :tU(.JaAO(lOJ.tO. ftaTL xa8E a),l)8na, av TT]V XCtVH <<UITE(I-
!1E1Ql1 (6nm; f.A.f.yf. o !-l--"'LUQI-lJTlt-NTLTO'(XEV), uv TTJV tJJtf.Q{:k'tA.nc;.
UV TTJV JTEXTELVEL JtEQU a.JtO TQ OQLU TTj:; EqxlQ!lO-
tn:;. 1-lJTOQd va TTJV OOTJYl)on; w::;: tov no.gaA.oyLOJlO, xm x.arw
an6 n:; o-uvfh]xr:; nou avacptgaj.LE n aA.iJ{laa JlETUTQtirnm
avayxaonxa m no.gaA.oywf16. MLa TETOLa 11JtlJQEOLa
wto tTJV avfurobTJ 1tQOOqJgouv OL OAA.avooi x.m m l'EQj..l(lYOL
oteQOi OtTJ vta a/.:t'jOna yla tl]v unEgoxiJ tTJ; oof3LmxiJ;
cutfvavtLOta XOL vof)OlJJ.La. EWOEL taL on Of
Sa ELXE 6ixLo 6;row; l:la va A.f.n x.ata tov naAL6 tg6no xm
YEVLXCt on l] UQVl]Ol] Ota aonxa :XOLVof}oUAlU eLVUL
a..-rag<ibnnl] !lfoa or. o:rou::obiJ;ron: ouveir11.E;. !1JlOQ<i:J Ebc.i:J va
Jt:LXELQiJow va OLatum.i){J<rl OE :rm; JtEQL1ttc.i:low; Eivm
n a..oxiJ, YLati to aQSeo auto fxEL f.va :roA. u :no oxo-
;t6: va llf.AHTJOEt tTj QWOLXtl ;teLQU Of OlJVtlEOTj cpAE-
yovta tn; 6t0vou; mx.nx.t'J;. H gw-
oLxiJ miQCL &oar. xm owott'! ErpawoYt'J (TO
1905) tl]; CtJtOXiJ; tm6 lOlJc:; flJtOJ.Oq}LX.Ouc; XUL UAA TJ
VTJ (to 1906). A vaA uovta; tTJV :rtQ<.lnTJ n.EQL;ttwon. BA.tnowE moe;
va !liJV f.JrtaT(!t'lJJVVflE TTJ IJV"(/.ATJOTJ lOll avn6gaonxm)
XOl voj3ou).lou a..6 tl]V avnbgaon:xiJ Souoia, 6mv uvcuttuoo6-
tav t:i;atQEtlX.tllUXlllTjta l] !;(1)'11.0LVoj3oUAEUtlX.tl (EV
cutfQYLax.iJ) mavaotanxt'! bLxlOTJ nnv 6tav x.avtva atQ<l>-
wu JtL)OAtaQLCtTOll x.m tTl aygonac; br.v !.t:itOQOVO va &oon
o;rmaoiJrwtE unoott'JQLSTJ mnv avnbgaonxt'J E!;ot,oia, 6tav w
L'LCI.Vaatanx6 JlQOAEtUQltlto TTJV EJlLQQOtl TOll OOVW
ott; :rr),antc;, ll]V MQYLUXTJ ;tMTj XUL
tO aygonx.6 xi El vm :rrevtaxO.SaQO mu; ll ndga bEv
f.l.JtOQEL va HpaQILOOlEl on; ouv8r]x.r.; tn:; Eugc.i:Jrrl]c;.
Elvm rnion:; :rrevtax.a8ago -ilE j360TJ ta nm' x0-
JlUQClJTOVw- rrwc:; Tl UJtEQ001tLOl], EOTOJ XUL oql(3anxiJ, MO
H1lV OAAav&i>vxm twv aQLOtEQC.i>v tn:; CtQVTJOTJc;
wxiJc; Ola X:otVof}oUALa flVm X.UL yta
tl'JV u;t68EOTJ tou rnavaomnxou rrgoA.nagtawu.
Ltl] 1.\t.'lLXtl EuQ{l>;tTj XUL Otf)V TO EXEL
ytvEL fl;aLQflLXO mou; ;tlXHW::tOQOlJc:; ayWVWttc;-L"1Uva-
OlCtTEc; trl; EQyanxi)c; tO!; f)<;. Auto Ei vm A m6 d-
vm JlELXL ywntga xmavol'Jt6, yLmt MoxoA.a !J.."10QL va qx:tvta-
atd xaVEtc; xan mo Jlota:rr6, ::n.o JtQOOTUXO, JllO JtQOOoUx6 a:rr6
tl) <JtUOlJ tl']c; TfQUOtLuc; JIAEWljrr]q;l.o.c; nov xm 00-
0laAOl]!-W"AlXllWV l)oUAEUtWV OTO XOLvoBotJALO oto lOU
JIOAE!WU xm tJGTEQG a:rr' mn6v. l:la l'Jtav cut/,c.i:J; :rraga-
Aoyo, x:m va u::wxu:rrtEL xavd<; oe
!JlU lETOUl bta0ECJ1l XUl:Ct tl] }.Uol] 10U JrQoj)).iJ!JClTO Ju.ix;
va xma.rroAE!Jl]9d tva yrvtxa ovayvwQLO!JEVo xaxo.
XWQE; TTl l'J mavctatanxi] 6Hi!:lnJTI dvm ttiJ-
QU, JLlt'OQOU\lE va ;rm)!lf, .1'1 xan to O:;tc'tvto
nou rro/,\1 xa!.QOto :n:q,)(\lEw.tv !ltmu xm ov\mo)..lova xm yt' am6
tohJ(_; urroxWQOw tooo n!xoA.a o' am f.:; n; HEf\ma, xw-
Qi; rnava01:anxt; tnal:leon:; anc; !Jngr;, XluQic; 01.JvEiiJxr:; rrou va
Otl'VlEAOUv Otl]V TUJV btaefoWV amwv. Ofv J..UT.OQd va
yi VEL n:g<i1;1] n E.il(i\'OOtallXtllaXnxt'l. q.td:; O!J.luc; Otl] PlJ.)(JlO j[fL-
otiJxr.t!1 !lf !lta :wt..\ )..IUXQOXQOVTl. axA.not'!. Ut!JatTJQt\ :ru:lQO. ym
t'TV aM8na on &v jLJ(UQfL; va XTlon; t..-ruvaotanxt\ taxnxi] !10-
vo xuvw ow; errava01:auxf.; btaOfonc;. H mxnxi] JtQErrEt va zti,-
tnm n:awu o' tvnv 'lllJXlXlt).lO, auotn O\'ltl'.fL!lEVtx6 urrol.oyt-
ow'l 6A(uV twv m1;txti>v buvullfwv oro 6oo!Jf.vo x(IO.ro; (xm ora
x(IO.tn ::wu w mgtj'X:tUouv xm or oA.a ta xQ<itn, rrayx6o).lta
x/..f).laxa), xul:lw; xm :ravw mov urroA.oywj.U.) 1n:; JIELQ<:tc; twvrna-
vuomnx(iJV Efvm :a:oi..\ va brLxvw; tl)V f-
rravrwtanx6tl]tli 0011 UJIA<.ilt; ).lf I)Qwlic; t:v(tv-na otov xowo-
()ouAnrnxo OJIOQTOliVLO\lO, MAti1; !JE Tl]V CtQVl]Ol] OUJ..l!lEtozt'J;
crt a Y.Otvqkn)ALU, !l(t axgtfxl:l; C..."tf.thi] am6 Ei vm :roA.u Eiw.o}.o, &v
dvat xat }.UOl'J yta tva 0\taxoi..o, buoxoMtaw f.(vm
rroA. u mo 6\JOXo).o va bn!lLOtJQyi]ow; JTQUY!WttxU mavamauxil
XOL O!lCtba ota fUQUJltO:"Litcl XOL vol)o\JAlU JtOQ<l O'ltl
Pwoi,a. Btj3ma. Auto 611m; bev Ei.vm n:ag<i !lEQtxi] EX<pQUOTJ
Tl']<; fXELVlJ<; aAtjHno; 6n yt.a TTl PuXJia OlJ]
Vl], LXU J"QlrJTOtUJtl] a.:1:6 LOTOQLX'I'j <i.-r01J.rrj XUtU01CWTJ TOU
1917' t'Jtav J[t.() Elr..COAO va U(!_(tOH Tl] OOOLUAtOtlitll rnavumaon,
E\'W TO va TTJ 011'VfXLUU XOL vtt tl] Cj)EQH OE ngu; 6a ELVOL
uxoA.u YLO ll'] Pwo(a U1t' o,n yta n; EUQWJTaLxtc; XWQE<;.
Hxa TllV El..matQI,a one; UQx; O'KO!l'fl TOll 1918 va t0VW(t)0Ut6
to JtEQUTtUttx6, Xm TJ JtElQU ttOV bOO 1tO].lEVWV XQOVWV En:t.j3E-
oto axteaw rnv OQ&JtlJta aun'j; tl]:; ox1.p11;. Ttma::; n-
htxt; ovvet'pm; 6nwc;: 1) l'J ouvat6tl]la va otrvl'iuamd n
xt'J rnavamaOl) !Jf wv -xc':tQn o' amt1 TttV ."tavaota-
on- tot! q.l ..,"tfQtaALOTLXOU 1t0AE!l011, rrou qlEQE CfJtLOtfutU !)<X(}(t-
VCl EQYlitE<; xm tOUt; ayQ<)te; 2) n 6wm:6trrro. va rn<uq;e-
blfld yta tva OQlO!lEVO XQOVlXO OulOll]\lO <L'TO TO 6av6.ot!l0 ayw-
vn avawua on; 01!0 O!lUbE; twv JtUVLOXUQH>V (Jf 1WYXOO!lLU xAi-
!LUXCl qJ .. :ngu.tJ,LatWV Al)ITHtN, ::t0t16EV VCl EVI!lflot'V fVU-
VTLU oto ooBtEnx6 rx8Q6 3) n buvat6tnw vu xavri; oE
OXETLXU llUXQOXQOVO fllq;'l!AlO ::t6AE!l0, fV !!EQfL XCtf!l) <Jtl)V TfQU-
onu EXTUOl) tl); XCtlQCt; Xm Uta !LfGU Gli'(XOLVWvtW; 4) l)
l.l::tClQSlJ OTl)V Cl"{QOTlCi fv6:; tOOOU jlafllOlJ CtatLX00l)!lOXQU-
TlXOlJ L"l:nvaotanxo( xtviJilmo;, cl>ntE w 1011 ngo/..na-
QLato1' va 11wOniJon nr:; rnavaomnxf.:; 6tEx6txiJou; 1011 x6!t-
llato; T!J.lV U"{QOHiJV (TWV EOCQWV, ::tOU OTl)V ::tAElO\Ill)(f-LU TOll fL-
vm xort!lU xa8o.Q<i EXOQtxr) rrgo; wv !lJlOAatBtxta!.LO) xm vu n;
U!lEUWS, XclQlJ GTl)V XatUXTl]Ol) tl)S ::tOAtnxiJ;
d:;olJui.n; a::to to lTQOAEtaQtrito tf.tou:; n6txt::; ouvfli)xr; brv
magxot'V otn Mntxl') Eugcimn xm OEV dvm xo).u Eirn.o-
A.o va JWQOUCJlUOTOlN OL i.6tr; JIClQO!lntf; ouv0iJxc;. Na
ytmL, ava,twa 01:' ai..Au-rxro; an611m onga aA.I..E; mtit;- Elu
dvm ::tw OlJOXO}.o yta Tfl AunxiJ El!QWrtl'j, o.,o;' 6,n or pu;,
va aexiafl tl) OOOLClAWTLXT) muvricnaan. Kat dvm oA.oxriflnQ
rtat6UQLCi.lbEc; VU floxqtat;EL; <<V(l ::tQOO:'IE{_xlOEL:; ClUTT) Tfl ClJOXO-
ALU, 1rrrg::tn6r.i)vta;>' TlJ MJaxoA.11 autiJ bou/..etri tn; XQlJOtllo-
:roi.llon; twv avn6guunxwv xm vofkm/.J(I)v ytu EJwvcwmnxo\1:;
()i(O::TOl)S. 80,f.TE VClCT)!llOtiQyrlOETE !lLfi Vf(l XOlV{!)VLU XClL cpofk't-
Glf n:; 6uoxoi..LE; rro11 n uE uvtt-
bQCtanx6 xm !ltU xaA.i)s; xm vof1ovi..nmxl'J; O!laba;
UJ0 JIE::tELO!lEVOlJ(;, uq;OOL(1)!lfVOtt, TJQ(HLXOll XO!l!l01!VLOTf!
Mipl:w; aUTo brv Elvm ::tmbagtWbr.;; Avo Kag/, Atp . .rrxvEXT cn11
r fQ!tav(u xm o Z. X f.yxA.o tlVT 0111 urj()(rq.urogwuv, ux611 n xm
XWQL UJ0 ta XUT(J), V<l bci>OOUV JQOTUJTO:
rrga:wanxa E:rtuvaomnxiJ:; twv avttbgnon-
X(tw xm voj3ou/..Lwv, TOtf nwr; bEv flJTO(IEL tva yogyo avammoo-
llfvo cravaotanxo XO!l!la, !!EOa on; otlvOiJXEc; TlJ llE-
arto'(Oi)TEuon; xm ayavoxTnon; 1wv va
0(/]V{?TJAUTrjOfL !lLU XO!l!l01JvtallXi) O!!UOa !!EGCl OW. Xfl(><'HEQU
xm vof)otJAta;! FJtEtbiJ OL i18uOTEQ1')f.1EVE<; Ui<Qtjki>r; Tt1>V EQ-
"{ULWV -X at UXOfll) :tEQLOUOTE:QO-- tu>V !lLXQ<.XlYQOTWV OTT) AuttX(j
EuQ<.i:l:tTl t:Lvm llt<L"l:OtlO!tfVE U."lOlL aonxolln!J.OXQanxtt; ilL
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( 6nw; brJtlOOLEiJttr4 OtTJV HPTJ!tf.(Jiba The Manchester Guardian
4
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UJT6 rnv uun;o) tasn. Eivm <'>uoxoA.o va ont.tWlJQ'rlianc; oto
aonx6 xmvotk:Ji,A.LO f.l.lCl XOf.l.!J.Ot.'VHJTtrti) XOl O).lCt-
bu <L"10Auta lt;ta tnc; q_t(OtLXTJ; ta;nc;. Eivm (HJCIXO).O>> va JlE-
t\JxELC;, WotE OL >IO!!!!Ol!VlOTfc; fkntAHHft; VO ClOXOJ.O(IvtOL
ota WJTLXCt XOL voBouALO. iJ.E tLJWtEVLO !J.LXI)O:tQU"(!L(Itn, CtAAU \lf
tnv Ei;mgrnx6. r:rnuxuxn 6ovA.wi rn; :cgorrayov<'>ac;, rnc;
!!wonc;, tnc; ogyavwon:; Jlfoa on:; 'Oi..ct m'ta Titav bit-
oxol .. a. bcv uJr<iQxu on Tjtav l:n:10xoAo va ytvow otn
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o:cwobipton to JtQOAtagt6.to 8u JtQt.-rru ava..c6q;nnna va t"X-
nl..nQO>on ')l.(ll YlU ll] ViXTj TOU Xat Xata lfl bt6.QKCLQ tl'J(;
taQtaxiJs; Enav<iomonc; xm UotQO cm6 tnv xat6.AWYJ t%
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QLfl tot! 1IQOA.EtaQtciwu 8ct xgrwotd va aval'mctm.6ayw'fli-
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tltaVOOViJ..EVOU;, VU 1011 6A.ou; 010 .i1QOf.f."W(llOX6
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f.J.Ctu;r:}.aoolN mu; aowu; xm tou; nanxm)r;
tla va a!'f.L!CATJ()WOOliVam y(_)rjyooa rTJ
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ta/,otrru.
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0."10 ta llEOU lOU !::QYOHXOll XL\rrlj.l(ttO;, OXL Of f.l.LU !!6VO OCfULQU
tiQriuTJ;, otT)v ana avaJtt)q;\JXW oe 6/.ou;
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ln1 QWOLY..lJ fitbOOlj aliTOl! tOll f)Lf)/,(OlJ ;tuQ(.J110LUOU tr.6.;rw;
t'lXL l1(!)ot{t HJ bg<'wYJ rou 0/../,uvbtxol! Kc'lf1W1-
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onnvh<iJV Ol'VTQOCfW\' flU!; ;t(t\'l'J OTO nt!Tl)
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on'c:, ;rov XQYJmrw;ro( Y]Oa oro gwmxh xdrtrvo, xm orn tltol] toll
n; H1;ur;: flFQLX(t rov 0/.l,nvbrxm)
K6pf1f.H0;.53

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M6uxa, 30 mv louVl] 1920
A'(rutljtE OlMQOqlE Af.VLV,
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onx6 K6!11J.U. Auto dvm ll"'(CtATJ avaxgL[3na. Km xcm JWQU-
;ravw dvm UOLXLa, YLfitL ta llfi-Tf ama tOU OHavbtxou
!!OWLO'TlXO(l u Ai yo i} xm xa96Aov btv rmiQvouv
ftEQo; arnv tQtxouaa oou/..na wv K6!.1pat6; 11ur; ngoo;raOot:Jv
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avnnoA.ncunxa tvU.vna otu onoia to
OAA.av6tx6 Ko11110uvwnx6 K6p.!J.n xm 6A.a m OQ'(UV<i tmJ txa-
vav xm xavow we; ta oi}p.EQU tTJV mo 6gcwti}gtu m1A1J.
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l'l.10vouc;.
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one; 12 toll Man. 6tav yl vo\'Tuv rna m 6toQOlilon:; TUN tuJtOY(l!.llfLxWv
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2 J,V. 1920 i\t\.'t V>o
(A.Tavra, 511 oo., 199).
l:tv; 12 tau lo("VVl 1920 to xm uxEMv tmrroxQOvu. tov
loukl], fxOO!.lrix mTJ Pwoiu mu yuUtY.O xm m ayyJ..txa :ETTJ 6uiQ-
xna tot! f.!;UJ17JVOV YOU 1920 tO rxMflrfxf Cltu
oro Rf(loklvo xm mo ow ayyi.txO:- ow 1\ovbivo xm Ot!J NEa
Y6Q'.t1J, ma yrtUtl't- oro Tiaeim, matmf..txO:- mo MtJJxvo. To Noj.#lQTJ
1011 1920, 11 KE rou KOJ.l!!Ol.'YLOnxou K6!l!!fno; MeyaJ..n; BgETavlac;
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tl]V fQY<IO(a rou Aevw,lwu dvm ioo:M; 11 mo anoub-aiu xm, ava!J.q>i.BoAa, 11
nw VbtmptQOt'Oo: a.."t6 cgyuoiE; mu.
0 agwrtgtaut)f;''. :catbtJo:lj U{J(!WaTw Wt' lopp.otTVtC!f.uni. <lvm
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xm tKf( L iJL -.;64tll oavtov xm vo(\WM1.JtLOj.l6. til 01li01J mu KOj.l-
!!OVVWnxou rou:vo.vn 010 Egyo.mw K6!!!!U. ma ovvbl.Jlta xlwt.,
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4;ravrwv rou A.J. Af.vlv, XW(Mtl\txfuol] 135 !fOQE;,oE50
xaqtr oon. TI3 ;(LA. UVUHlJTO.
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o 1\f:vtv, o \1JT6ntf.o; xm 11 UlflEQWO'f1 EtY.OV mpmr;>diEL rrJ..nrm(u
E10oo1J nuv A:rawwv. toll B.l. i\Evt v, offiJJc; xat an; lli,,JOTf/OI'VfVf'; 11tb6oru;
twv Al<awwv. to ttrtu 0 ;twbtl!tjap!_)l'iiOTttl Wl'XOfiiWIIVt-
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2. 1(]"4_XI < L<iHm (.rmAuil -TJ rrQ<inn mtvQ<ootxlj rratxiVO!llJ j.l(lQI;LoHxlj
f.Cfl'l!J.fQtba, :-ro\1 ttlQl.iflYJXf. (lJtO mv B. I. Atvt v to 1900 xm OJtOifO.OL-
mtl'.O (ll1A.o OtlJ Ol'\J.ll01li?Yl.(1 tol' mavamanw1) ).l(lQ!;tmtKo\ r.6!J1w:toc; tllC:,
q_>yanxl); <1'\C:, P(OOLu;. To T!(.l<ilto qr(1J,./,o <TIC:, lcEvtvwnxn; JOX{Ja. !AF
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aw Movaxo. uno wv Iuti/..1] w1 1902 -oro Aovot\o;..marr:o tl')v nvotl;l'ltoll
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tou, 1J F .. ,-mQO:ni tYJ; '!(J')(prr mrsEQY{l.otTJ'-<f to oxtbw ;rQO':'lxi!!-
IJ.aro:; ruu mo q:t'1A. CJ.Q. 21 '/(J')((Jal xm .n:QOE-
tot!iallE to II Iwtbpw TOll I/\EKP, lltO o.<oio ro !JE).lf/..to mu muva-
mmtxotJ !J.llg:;_lotlXOU l'.0).l!J.UTOC:, O'T'f) POXILa.
A!Jrow; !LrtO. to II Iuvt6gto rou KO!!!J.UTo;. ot !lEVOE(:Iixot J.lf tl]v rno-
mliQtSIJ 101 Ill.rxavo<frrli.QO.v mo:xtQlU mv; n1v taxea. Am.J tu:n'Vlrrxoot6
6rirtQO !['li/,/,o 1J 'IO"A(;XI EJ0:\j)f va ftvm cigynvo tou IJ.UQ(;L-
OJ.lOl'.
3. Il\.)6'-tHtuL yLo toto; J.UWrf:\il<l)tJC:, 01 orro[OL om L.1.F.KP IL"'OTEAOll{IUV
l'f1 bt);;L(l., lJlV OiTOQlO\IVlO!Lift\ J!TfQllYU Tl]:;; 00(JLUAi'll]f10XQUTLUS, Xat "(\U TO
<6!lJI.U "MV <JOOto:Aumiw rnavo.mat1l>v (mtQOt).
4. flQOXflT(ll "(tu lOllS tnc: rv Kgcmxlis 6.ou
!-WS -A. E. MJiavrnrrq:. M, K. MouQO:voq>. rx. L .1\". Iu[!OtAoq:
xm 1\i. P. ray,wq::. LTI] Ol1'VECQU.!UTI tn<; 6.oiJ.ta<; tTl<; 26 lOll loti..n (8 tOll Atyo(,-
UtoU) 1914, m:nv o;w(.a Ol f.l'-I(X'lOtu;'!Ol (Ji,wv tWV UUllXOlOLCf/.tX((/iLX(L)V OJHl-
6wv E...ltc'loxi[!uoav tnv r.loolio TTJ<; HTUQLXTIS Pwu(w; m:ov l!-L'To(_)ta/..wnx6:r6-
;.,qw, I] OWIOU liLC!JlU(ItU(ll'J0l'ptf fV'!OVU, UQvljfh]xE VU lj!T]q;(or.t
w; :roAEI-(txts moni.KJEt; xat txavr rJmwtoranxti ngo::myuv&:t on;
To NotJ4l!Jttmu 1914, ot xm to AI'jklQTJ
LOU 191.'i :tC!Q<!lTfJ.l!j.<htXUV UtO btXUGtljQLO Xat r.!;OQLOTl]XUV '{l(l tO(lj}lU btU-
Bic:lOT] GTl]V :tf(ltoxiJ Tou0-1uxavox (AvmoJ,.txit ItB11Qi). Ot IJctQ(_)(tAEf; o.no-
i..oyir.s TWV Jl.f.A!ilv Tl] J(lt0AOE[3[xtKT]<; 01-(Ubu<; 01:0 btxum:i]QLO, 11:01! sEOXi:JICl-
tT]V cutOAl)lU!)XiH, f.:wtl;uv Jl.cyOJ.o QOAO OlT]V UVTlfl.LALTUQLOTLXTt llQO-
rrayc'ivOO. OtTJV mavaoranxo:rohton n1:; ouvtihTJon:; rwv Jl.<l-

5. AoV'(-"Hta/lV; -xn'TQtx6 QEliJl.<I f!l.oa mo rui..Atxu K6JJ.-
f.1a- tO QEl
1
[!U UIJtO ELX EJtlKE(('Uici]; tov 7nv Tuv XULQU LOU ;;myx6-
0!-.lLOU L!-L'iE(!lUALUTLXOU1tOt.E[!OU 1914-1918, Ol AOvy'KEHOTES
ltOAL UXJl U.."tEVUVTL Vlutrt; (tJtt'l(lf:!LlttUV lliV
mavuoranxi] m't),TJ xat uxol.u1..oOuuoav n:; f.ltaEt:; TTJ<; u:tq_JaomoTJ<; rTJ:; :rca-
tgi.ba; awv LfL'1Qtcti.tonx6:n:6/..Ef!O. 0 Atvtv rou; /..ovyxmm:fs
JUXQOOOTOll<; r!NtXLott:;. 'Y OTE(.Xl (11(0 tT] V[KT] TTJ OxlwB{.Jtavl']c; OOat<Ihott-
Xll EJiavamaoTJ;;. m i,ovyxr.nm:ts m:a A6yta btu;(Jjgpooav 6n r.lvm orraoot
HIS btxmrogla; 1011 ltQOATOQtatou, otT]\' Ofl.I.JJS :tUQfJlEVav avtL'!'a-
kot TTJS- To 6.ExtJ.lfl{.lTJ rou 1920, m f.l. roue;
QfCfOf:!!ttutt; u.."too1t<l011]Kav U.."t6 to K6JtJW xat TCQOO'Xli)QlJUUV m:T] I..EYOJUV!]
2
1
h AtfOVIi.
6. Awi;riQtl'/to Egyamco K6/l/la rl}(; l.abour Party
- I.LP.)- QE<fiOQ!--ILotlXlj OQYUVWOT] :rcou t&)\6T}xE o.n6 tou; JlHoli1]'(1ltE<; twv
VEWV TQtt vr-yto\JVLow to 189 3 on; ouvO-rixES t!] t!]c; cmrg-
ytaxi]s ;1W.1]S XUL tOl! OIIVU[!Cil!-l(lt'O; toll Xlvljfl.<ITOS '{La tT]V TTl
egyanxits tcl;ns tTJ; A rtA.ict:; a:rco m aonxa xofJ-fl.<lta. 2:ro AEK [!Jti]x(lv ta
!J.EAT] lWV VfWV tQEL'I-'T-YLOliVLOV XHL JlLU onQ{tc; ;tuALWv IJ'UVbtXCtt(I)V, EX-
:tQO!JW:lllL tT]; btav6TJons lW.l t1]c; J.l.LXQOOottxiJ;; tO.SlJ, Jtou BQluxovrav xO.nu
U.."t(l tnv E:tlQQOit TWV qx.tf\taV<.ilV. TOll l']tuv o K. X6{1-
vtl XUl 0 P. Muxvruva/..vr. To AEK, U.."tO TTJ OTL'(J.lll t1)C: Ef..llpc'tVtoliS tou, U;-(0-
i.m)!tl]Of flfGEt:;, OlQtq;ovtac; TT]V XlJQLU JIQ<.X.lOXti tOll
OTTJV xmvoj-loui.nrnxn xm ons xotvoj)m!/..nmxt:; (}UVu/ci..ayt:;
JlE w q:tl.r.i1il:lrQO x6Jtf!H. 0 Avtv, to Egya-
nxo Ko[!fl.<l, EYllaJpr on OTTJV ;rQ(isTJ e(vm o1tovwuvtonx6, XOJ.l-Jl.<l nov l:;ag-
nurav :ruvron a.. "to TTJV mmxiJ tc'i1;n. (/Vu.wm, 5n tllb., t6fJ-. 39o:;. GEA. 90).
7. cJ>a.{3wvol -110. 11111; $al3wv1j:; a((AtKri<; OQ-
yavwo11:;. to 18S4 11 tT]v ovof.J.no(a roro
10 (lVOI-W 1011 Pulf.l.UWD Ill mwvu JtQW 111 XQt.Wo/..oyla [J.a:;,
<l>aBtou M(t;qwu. Jtou l Mf.J..A-ntYi;l, )'tat[
a)(o/..ouflo\!OE raxnx1j <tVU]W'>'i); xm arrO{fn!"(f Vfllltilort f.l.U-
xr.; mov :rol.mo f.l.f wv Awlfla. Mo,,, tlJC: tflur-lta\'l']c; rmtQlw; Yjwv xuQl(l):;
rxnQOoll).,'TOL tn; aonxi]:; !lwvonon; c:twn'n10vr:;. m"rfQUt:rfl;, =toi..ruxol
na(l<lyovu; u:. xat B. 0\JEf.l..'l. P. Mn. i:6ou x.<i.). A mol Q-
vo('\'Tav TI]V UV(l(I.T] llJ<; lt<i.A.T]::; TO I! ltlKlAHUQL(!TOll X{U TIJC: <TOGlO.Al-
OtLXTI; E.."TUVftOl!lOT]<; xm U::toottiQt'::,nv on to ltE!l<!OI-<tl (!.;'Hi lOV xant taALOW)
OW OO<TLaAW!!61-LJtOQE( VU yh'fl]l6VO ]![ (kl8]tta(-
Oli<; 1-tfT<lOJ.ll!lUlto]lOl); lT]c; XOLVulVla<;. To 1900, Tl <l>a(-\l(tVYj Et<ILQ(U ltQOOXW-
QT]Uf mo gyaw<6 xo!lwt. 0 nov lf'Ur-ltavciJV a.'TotEAd Jh.a wro
n:;; ll]:; lhfOAU'(LUC: T<:lV r.gyawuilv.
q;af\taVUlV B1 . oro u(l(l('o rou B. I. Mvt v 0 rtr(A.t-
x6:; xm 1J tTJ BflllQla < Alto.vta5n tYll .
lOl-l. 26o;.oe1,. 271-277).
t!. "Mtl't(Tff!_)!aAW/AO<; (lj 1-lLVLmf.('LOt,LXO<; OOOluALOJ!OC: Xat Ill
l..fQO-Vto!J.Oc:)- o:IOQtoUVtmtxl] mxnKti Oll!lll10XIi<; n.:)V oomw.tmUlV oTLI;
O.OllXf OV'tlOQO-OTLXE; Xlt\EQvrlOfl,:. () OQO<; UlJtO<; itQOfXlnjlf. <llt' <lq'OQ!-lYi til
owtftr.roxti TOt' r6.A-Aou ooata/..tml] Mtl.ef?Uv TO 1899 mnv aonxlj xu(3tgVT)O'Il
1:011 Ila/..vtEXPLn'OO.
9. :romw.bTJ/AOXf.x:m-;,:6 KoNta r11<; TE!JttaVi(l;- xfvt(ltmt-
x6 x6f.l.!lU, :tou tbQ\!fh)xr. wv Arr!,![I,Jt tou 1917 mo tbQunx6 U11VEO(ILO tnc:; fY-6-
m. Ot O.VESUQTllTOL XtiQUOUUV TT]V fVOtl)t<l !lf lOD<; UOOtui..ooBt VLotE;,
lltQO-X1'AOOOav mnv UQYil<JllTllc; tai;txlj; nalcl]c;. To 13aatx6 llff?OS lOU K6f.l.-
!lUlOS TO Ct."TOl:f.AO\IOE 1] OQYUVWOTJ E(JyClTLXiJ KotVOTlllO.
Tov Oxtli>t\QTJ wu 1920 oro cnNtOQLO wu
xo1' KO!l!l<llO<; Olll X<i.i..l) tywr. 1\L<'.toltaOTJ. Eva owavnxo J.liQOS lOU Kli!J,-
wno; (Jl,1VfV<il01)XE 10 /\f)(f!$(111 tOU 1920 !lE to KO!J.!lOllVLOllXO K6]J.!.!a tttc;
ff.Q].I(lVtn<;. Tu lle;t6. OlOLXEla oxn]W.nouv SEXlllQLOt6 'KO]l.!la xm llYiQUV tl]V
:l<lAata OVOI-lUOLa- AvFJ;t't(llTJtO lomai..Ol)!lO'K(.l<IWW KOf.l.!lU Tll:; ffQ!lnvla;
to XOf.l.!l atrt6 \!:tYjQXE TO 1922.
10. Ri... n; a.1:oqx'lonc; tn:; VII IIavQ<ootxl]:; ruv6t6.0"XE1lill:; rm1
(1-LJt.) fw tTJ ot<i.OTJ rortvavn mnv IIQOOWQLvrl xuj3EQV110ll xm fLu m lo-
Bth t(l}V f.QYUTWV xm j3ou1.nJtWV IlaVQOXJLXlj
(tou A"TQ(All) tou L.AEKP (1-LJt.), O\lVI'Itaoxf1tt11ltOATJ'.; ttJt; OQ'/U-
VWOT]<; 11tQOfut:oi..n; tolJ (1-LJt.) AJtQLAllc; 1917. IIQO-XTtx6.. Mooxa,
1958, OEA. 244-245. 219-260].
11. U:rw<; :rQ(lx.utaL yLu w O.gOgo wu B. I. Arvt v Tt bev rrQt'
:tEL va[lq.Wt'!J.ume u.;n) 10 gyanx.6xlvrnw n1c; I EQf.Wvlac; (fiA. A1ravra, Sr1
t111i., 10!' 2Soc;, oEA. 106-110), :tOJ' hTJ[WOlfl)tT]X wv AJtgLATJ wu 1914 ow
:tEQW(mto fl(;Joa{iwratvtyf' mo O.Q01,1o Ul,'lO 11
maol] wv I'Q!J.UVo1) oomaAIITJ!IOXQaTTI K. Mrl(tV, rrou to !9!2,
OtT] llttlQXfl.{l llJ:; TOV OTT]V OW KO';'XQEOO TCLlV
HilA J..6yo rrgoc; tou:; Y.m m uonl!a XO!J.-
!J.mu.
12 . !J.f.AT] Tl)<; OQ';'ClV(OOl); L!!lV ffQ!J.UVO.IV
ClQLOtf(KiJV JWU One; T01' 1tli'{Xll-
O!J.LOl' rroi.E!J.Ol' UJt(Hov K. Al!J..."txvezt, TTJ P. Aou!:q.t.m)llgy..t,
lOV $. Ml'gwyx, tTfV K. ToEllUV, TOV r. wv A. hry;dz(; (TiOM)
xm wv B. n LK Ot mtuQtaxtmtc; tmvuv :tgo;rayavba !J.(t
OQYUVWVC!\' JL(lt,LXES UVlt."tOf.f!J.LX.f:; f'Mll]A!tXlfl;, XH0o01f{Ol!OUV CL"TEQ/'
;wKE..mtl;av wv tU.<fQLN.wnx6 :tOAf!J.OU Km tl]V
H1JV o:toQtolM<TTiilv nynwv tTJ:; oootcu.bT)!J.OX(Kltla;. Qorooo, ot
OltUQTaXLOtf<; OE [lEQLXa l{amx(t 11JS EIHJ)QtU;; i'.at TTJS
wv oo{:lag<i :>..UEIT]. 0 Arvtv mavaAT]IJ!J.EVU tKave om litfll] tuJV I'fQ
[LUV!ilv UQLO'tEQWV XC!l t011; j3oT}00WE 'V(l JI0.(l01J'V O!LJ(l'Cll
Elton (j{l . , J..oyou xO.QIJ, t t; egyaoirc; <<fta TlJV fJ...<lli.JUo iQOTOU I'wlivwu:;, To
OT()(lllUlllXO tl) f.'I(lVUOWOT]S, A;ravra, 51] fX.-
OtlOl]. TO!J.. 306;, OEA. 1-16, 131-143).
Tov ro1 1917, ot l::rugtaxwrt:; oro xn.rtQtxo Avd;ag-
Tl]TO TTJ:; 1\LatTJQ!"iJvw:; o' auto tl]V
wu:; mrrorfJ..na. To tov 191!!, OLlJV ltoQEla tl]:; E..."Tuva-
OTUOTJ;. OTT] Ol OXTJ!J.6.tLoav Tl]V <<EVCJIOT) tOll l:JIUQ
TUXOll Xat aquu lll]!J.OOir.lJOClV mt; 14 TOV Mxt!li)QTJ TO 10\), !;f
x.mpav rm:6tou:; I1o t.bQUHK6 OUVEOQLO. rrou crtL
30 lOll /l.rl!f.J..ll\lrl 19Ul I lOU ffVclQ!] 1919, Ot OltUQTUXLOTE:; l:lT]!J.tOlJQYTJO(lV
10 KoiL!J.OUVL<TTlXO K6!J.!J.U
13. yta f.va YgU!J.!J.U TOU $. 1IQO<; TOV A. M:tEf.IJtEf ..
a.."t6n:; 18-28tm1MUQtTJ .. Tvy1.<l.c;, A:ravra.2ngwo.
E:xb., tO[!.. 19o:;. OEL 18).
14. H EI{JriVrJ wu MnQrar- omo()TjxlJ uva!J.wa mn
P<:Xlla Y.ctL UTa xQ<itTl tTJS l:llfll.mxiu:; (I'EQ!J.UVLa, AlKITQOOtr{Yu-
gia., Roui.yagla, Tougxlo:), u:roygoJjlfiXE on; 3 tou MagtT] 1918 mo
Mrrgrm-Am>flox xm t...'TtXUQ<ii)TJXE 15 mu MuQTTI a..1:6to IV 'Exmxto
lluvQ<ootx6 rwv OL ogot tTJ; f!a-
'{La 11 l:oBtmx.rj PUJO(a. lu!J.q>OJVa !J.E 11] O'll'Vttt'ptl], XO.tUJ CL'TO TOV fAYI,o
-3'(oOU SIX?JihrlltrlH Slvmq\:J3o'(orni Slt1 11-3 SJ;l'llll'(ll Slt1
ll.cf\J')(l);.Hl H mi;;tov u1 91m Sm;>ilxorlll.q'(mooo to 1lllA(tO'(DXDI\D
Di\ SllnD Smr(>DOl!U no lQ .10l!ltlXlllll')il3J.: 30 mx Somrlrl9){
rtol ::!){ Slu S13DJ?:boL-o Suo StooJX 1Dl3oOl)lOl:rt lll\
-oua mAn 119 odmo}.J03"(ll Smi(lOV Sll.l DQl)rlo \Lxuooxorlltqyo1ooo ltw Pl)OQ
-1m Snl)lODI\Dll'J Splt3MO ADO JOlrtD mw;to.\mt.DQ
-1Dl!D1Q Dl\ Snl)ih<orlliQ'(D1000 S.'tol!J l)H'{ilOQ 11A!f1Dl!J11t3 'lli\orl
-Jll31DlM 11, D.\ ll.YJ.l)AD 1\Ul Snli\(1)()1\Dlllx llrl 10 S9rloumh1'(
no o W1\L ao1 'l!'(X S;torlmomn.uw snow DlJ?X
-tqNW DlD - ::':t30I!"JAnJ.oo 53111ri9A Suo Sl!'J3'{rtoq Slllnrlll11)1hJlO o1mx nrl(lOV
\Lxmhlx IH All.l <)liD M!JlOOY.orlllq'(mooo M;Jllloll. '('<1)1\D 1\lll mo
-(lo1mL-o 'Snol)O:D 91.'11 mo1:L: 101\3'11\)lllil'(X 10
'MlJX1ii30"(nL'1i Aou SuQL-o v
nmu.hno.\mq 111o 6061 Ol3oll.IJ,Lqo 1nx ll061 o1ll.'{'QJ.: Sototouo
m.\ 1muJ<90u
'10301fV\ itUlUX\L()Iul.fl
\LX1lllOU'{ Ul JDFJO(tXO ltilgrl301\ i\01 [[ S.uo 3.'i!)IIIU ':5(!Jll.ll6lJ'X 9X1XihJI\Orl
01 3o't30ll;JI\U noJ.: 'U]Anrlil3J uw 816 [ \\OlUDllllJf,ll\lllt3 1\lll<)l!D
00110 A. ,\I!XXIlX A!llri3'{9L"li3 11.011 1\11)"(9 S110 no!f1tm<
(lllXJlD 010 M))J0}0n19 WlXll1JlDDI\ll1.'3 11.1110 'lli\lton 1\Ul m},
SlJ.1llr1mr1nMq JXJJLWJJJ.: 010 303"011\rtO 10301fV\ 1101 Su1luh
-lli\ilD H S3)0ogrt.n.:3 Snol\}-;_ mx uomOJ?ii.D:t.:'Jli\ll \LY.lilumo3 I\U1D mli\
-1):\3 LtWlt ,\lll mA Smil)IY \o_J J3(l(r>ilL'\3xN 1D Dl\ mx UDUli(;JQ<nno !11
lli\ \ll0013: 01\lXX<)){ 11.01- 0}\ lJHI,tJ..J);lOlrllJ.q l'JI\ 1DX \)lJXhD OA?rl
-H031MOOL-o 91'(1Jll i\OlBoipwilwouo 011. mluomMq 1\0l 'D'(mll
-ryAn \LX11\llo1J 11.ll.1 Son)ilx oxu3l\Joo ow 3om(/} 1030lfV\ nolUX\I{)N.lO H
S\)r1Do\J1011ao Spxt11'(0l! S(_lx1},0'{
W1\L w3ihcw .w1 Sutlftn.\l.lD H J?XlQDAorl
SL11 S.lB()i\(lO ao 1\Ul m/.. SmlJ.1().\lJX1
SY,xum/\l/\3'{ Sll.l 5D)ot.l..l'(L13 mx 51J]d>uD mit.nqJ;K'lnlll,)oDiD'(
D\} ii.Ul\ll030J.:W H ':\1<\N TH 0.01 53HIIl)l!OOOJ.: S3110J;lil3l Stl!J
Lti.ll)X 011.\)11 3XIJ.J>J?O/..oll0t D]I\Hriih.Jil13115lJ.AlJ.01J uxY,()o'u10 H '1\(!1101.\.llOlirlox
MJ031010ll> i\OH DQl}11ll (txnnriliOX11i\D AltlD lllX 1'K01<)0.l /\OlD 1Jlli\JJI\3 It'(
-1)1: [li\OrllJ..:3 .\U1 lDJOllJ!Il. rtOl SltA\LilB 5lJ.1luhJJ.U)O H
sno\Ll1DllD 1\Dli\O't
-'(n\JOilJ: 53101!0 511311 'll]A(l)d:Jrlno lll'X ltY.\LflAilD l,l'KUDrloX\ll"(L"liO.O
JO(lld U'X1lJ1iJo3: lllO 3"(ng}J:3 DTWTf03j lt '8! 61 rtOl 0101\0I.!,lV /\OJ.. '1\l)YJ.moy
mll. riWl1JU 'S(hl){ 513'{01110 ii.1JDI}Oii.O.lllll1XOrtOJ. ii.U13: Soll)OX D]AllTiOJJ
U1 \)I!D 30 l\lllQllWlllHl1 mx D)DUld Ul <)lllJ
-oJXomnl]AOOY.t10 H smlJ(Tiloxet3V Sin '\LY.u'(ngoonn ll.lL'{9 A99
-JXo 'n1,\0J'(OJJll130J;xl3J..: lll\ JJ:3oL'} SnJonMiwoilwnv Stu mx Sn]ADrloJJ Sltl
Tli(?! lOV (Oll'\.1] 1909, OT11V (1."'[6q:{10lj 10VWE on 0
oav EvaxaSoQLOJ.il:vo IAF.KP,6tvf.XH1L<ota 10Y.OLV6
Bw11o xm tov mA tLJ.l<HW(.lO xm lU'tAHJf tol:; (.L<ol-.ofj)lxouc; VU ;ruH<tl()liV
f.tEt11 1-tfYU)U)TfQ11Cl.'toq;<:lOLOHXOt11ta EV(tvna o' am:; n:;; Cl."tO
10 1ou mavaaranxou ( Arroq)('ton:;; xm 'IJ11cplaJtam nuv
CrtiVEOglwv xm n!}v ouvbtaOKE1!'WV toll KKIE xm WN ol..o).lf./.r.uilV t1]<;; KF>,
MEQO:; I. QlOO. fYll., 1954, UE/... 221 ).
16. In; 6 ( 19 J to L' A tryo110Tou 1905 bu:tyyEI.(.la wu to a
lmt- o ytn tl']V lbQll011 X(XItLxrj:; L\OUf.tUS xm o nt/.oytxo; H
L\o1J.la Aoi!Jta tm! Mrrou/..lyxtv <m6ro 6voJ.la 10u 1:rougym)
EowtEgtxtilv A rx. M;rou:Uyxtv, orov orrolo avctOEOf o to6.go; vu 011Vlal;n
10 VO(lOO/(EClO yta 111 L\Oll(.lU. Llll<(JWVCl (If. to ClXFl'iLO, 11 AOl)(LU OV fiXE tO bt-
KULW(.lU vu xavtva VOJ.lO. (L"tO(!OlXJr. (.l6vO va O(ILO!LFvn t.11-
oav m(.$ouAf1.Jnx6 !igyavo wu m6.gou. Ot 11JIOAor(ilxm xulo\Jaav
t011; Y.Ul 101'; Of VEQY6 CL"toxrj u;r6 tTl L\OU(.lll lOU
yxLv, 6J..11 111v KU11JIUVLU '(Ugw <mota
Ta: fVOJtAt] E:;Ey(1011, t:J!UVUOlllllXOt; OT(XItO:;, JIQOOW!;JLVTj EJIUVUOLUttXi]
H XU11JI(lVL(l !lJS UJI011'] L\OUf.tU toU MJIOUAL)'XlV X!,l110l-
(.lOJIOL (1JI0 TOllS !1JIOAaf4ilxou:; )'LU tlj\' XlV!JtOJioh)01JOAWV lWV mava-
otUHY.<ilV l>t'VC!!AHllV, '(LU tlj\' OQ'(CtV!tJOl'] (lal:,LX<ilV :toi.L tlxWv CL1:f{!'(tliJV Y.Ul yLU
1l']V :tQOHOLJ.laoia tvo;r). n:; r.!;,tyrgon;. Ot rx/.oyf:; yLu T!J Aoii(.lCl tou
MnouA( '("ALV bEv Eyl vnv xm 11 X1Jf3E(l\1]01'] /}r.v xat6Q!lltJOE vur11 mr(XllAfOH. H
tl']S mav<'wtaal']; KUL 1] <mr.qy(a lOll
1905 oUQ<ooav t11 L\oli(.lU.
17. n QOXfllat '(LU TTJV Jlavpwo!xlj JrOAmxlj U.iffQyia rov OxrdW11 1905
tov Kal{ll)tTJ:; nQli.lt11; muvautaOl]:;. 0 EKEL vwv ;wu
(.lEQO<; ClT!J '(EVLKTj rt."TEQ'(ta T01J EytvE XUTill <m6 tu OI!VOr\f.tUlU: uva-
11110; MOAut<tQXlac;, rvr(ly6<; Cl."tO n; yLa 11] Ao(f.tU toll
miyxJ..nOt] Iuvtl.n!Ot]; xm f.'(".I.Hf:llli{!lmJ l..a.ox(XI-
ia;. H JIOAL <L"Tf(l"(la tbr. L!:,r. tn b\JV(lf!11 xm tl]V
LUXU rou EQ'I<mxou xtvTj(.lato:;, EOwoE til6rtoTJ Otl]V llJS mavaara-
1LX11; n:w.TJ:; ow XU!QUJ, oro otQOn) xm cn:o cn:6J..o. H (1J(Qyla tou Oxrtilf\Qn
oorjy'!)OE to neoM!aQW.to cn:nv tvoJtA 11 SlyEQ011. fta tt]v (1J[gyla wv Oxttil-
fi(ln,f3i... 10 tlQ{lQO lOU 8.1. AfvLV H IIUVQWOLKl] JIOALllKll CL"TEQ'(LU (Anavra,
) n E-.th., 1201;. oE/c. 1-4 J,
(lf.'LJ.UlO(>LOtE<;) -HID.11 rou EQYattxoii v1:;
A yyi.fa; (Labour Party), ;rou tllQliEh]xE to 1900 oav mrvEv[J)(J11 t<tlV Ol'Vbtl't-
twv- (tgflvt-'(LOWLOV) XUL t<llV ClOOlaAlcrtllllV OQYUV<iJOf.filVlll O(ull'llllV 11f
mm;c6 va qJtQEl fQYUtf<; cn:o KOLVof\oUALO (Em EQYU-
uvl:l. .. To 1906,11 E .. t.tHovo!Jitotrpt oE Egyan-
xo (At'(IJ.1l:OQt.OtLx6) K6!!1JU. To. tUN TQELvt-yto('VLOv ylvovtat
ta 1-lf/..1] TOU 1-1 TOV OQO Va J/..T]QWVOW XO!-liJUT Ol!VOQOIJE<;.
i\((!-UIOQLatLx6 :tQ(x.w.f.ttat m:EVC! 10 l:lvt:tal{!LOTtx6 K6!!1-lQ.. :tou
xEL o' mrr61-lf. btxuu.iJ!J.o.tCI. oun.oytxou 1-tfl.otc;, xmm EQYCI.t LX6
E.JtLXEqJO.An<; TOll (\?loxmu
nou !!f to fEvtxo ThW tgHvt-ytouvtov xm T1]V
1011 Kt'J1-1!-l(l10'; C1.JtOTEAd TO l..r.yOIJ.E-
vo E9vtx6 To At'ii-I.JtOQLm:txo :rou 11><; 111
tou a(!XtXU oav rgyanxo XO!!!-LCI. (1-tf.tU o' aut6
01J!-lllvttx6<; 1-!Lxgoo.onxtiw mmxf.lwv) dvm t><; :-rgo.;; t1]V t..bwi..ayi.a
)((J.L t1]V taxnxlj rou !!La o:rogtovvwnxlj ogyavwu1]. A:n'l t1] E!!-
qitvw1Jc; toll ot tOll axoi..ouOot!V rroi..mxlj owEQ-
yuul.o.c; tT]v aonxlj nil;T]. Tov xaLQ(l tou L)LiEQLOAtanxou n:o-
(1914-1918). m nytnt;; rou i\(CtJ.:togwnxou K6!J.!!Uto:; (A. Xt\vtf(!OOV
x.u.) x(_l(ttT]oav otUOTJ xm otT] [ktotA.txlj
o1]!-J.r. TT]V EVf.QYO toU<; \j.IT]q:(OTT]XUV rrol.i..ol VO!!OL, :toU ot(!fq>O-
vtav ev<i.vtta owu:; Qy!ltr:; (yta tlJ Ot!J<mwnxo:tolT]oT] tT]c; xti>Qa; xi...Jt.). Im
1924, 1929-1931, 1945-1951 TJYETE'; ljTUV E...it)((jl(t/.ljc; T1]';

19. AVf1...,70).tTfU01j OIJ<i.OO I'EIJ!lUVOJV f!QlOlf.QWV XO!-J.-
1-J.Ol..I'VlOl:CtiV, :tou an:o'{let;.To II Iwl'-
b!Jto tOll KO!!IJOWwnxou tl]<; rrou f.yLVE rov o-,n<.i.l("1Qn
tou 1919 or1] Xa'COE A.(3E(!YTJ, hu'yQC1.1j.IE a.'16 to KOIJJ.W rnv nvtutoi..l tn!o1] n tr.-
Af.lTTtn, wv A.Jtgti..T] ro11 1920, liTJ!!LOU[?YTJOE to i..y6!-tEVO
F.g'{Unx6 ff.(?ltavlac; (KEKI'). To TOll 1920, yta va lit-
r.uxokuved 1l OUVEvlll\Jl]Of,(!)V 1WV XOI-llJ.Ot'VtOTlXCilV 6UVU!-LfWV 111:; f Q,taVia:;
l'.at yta va l)l1t)0T]f.k:Hhl t(J.X(tAlrtEQU OTOlXEW K F.K r' 1] Uvtt-
JtOAi TE.\XJT] fytVf. ll!)OOWQtVrl Ot'Xlll OtiJV K0!-!1-J.OUVLOUXll 1\tf(lvlj 1-tf. 6tXCHli.I-
!-LUtu OU!Liallmivw:; !!EAou:;. Rot6cro, TJ Exn!.wnxn HJ<; Ko!!-
!-LOUVtottxiJ::; t\trflvo\!c; OUV IJOVai"lLX!'l l!.tll!-l(l. tJ.E 1tATJ!JT1Iitl'.ULCtl!-LUTU f1El!JQ01.\JE
to Evtalo KO!-J.!-J.Ouvwnx6 K6!!W'- fEQlJ.Uvla;. Krm't rnv no6oz!j un]v
Ko!-tiJOI!Vlottxlj mou:; avtt.iQOm.imouc; 1ou KFKf tE!Jl]XE o ogo; va
Ol''fXIJVfl'TOUV !-1E to Evtulo KO!J.!lOUVLottxo KO!!J.l.(l tT];; ff.Q!-!Uviuc; xm va to
oE. 6i..<; 101. n::; r.vtQymc;. H xuOoonYTJ01J 6!-lw<; toll KFKr l"irv
nc; unood<;n:;; r11:; Elmi..wnx!l:; rn; Ko!!IJOIIVWn-
To III tt]c; KO!!IJOt'Vtcrnxi]c; tl.te6vouc; (lo\M](:;-101)-
A.T]:; 1921 ), ayuwtl;.O[.lf.VO yta va xevbion touc; E(!'f(ne; :-rou mi.0-
!-111 TO KJ:<.KI, un:ocramor va OtOOE.L oro Kf.Kf l"il[.LT]VT] :T!JllOEOf!ln, ;wu 011]
/"iu'tgxna 111<; ftl!t6 C:t[?E:tE w olryxa/..Ecrn auvt6gto xm \'{t U.Jtocpaoicrn yta 10
TTJ; H xuOOOt\yt]llt] rou KEKr on EX.JtkiJgrlOE Tl]v =6-
<p<IOTJTOV III Itv1iglo1 xm ETOL 10 KEKr t\Qtlll']Xr 1'1;(1) cmo tl)V
anxlj l:tll 0\.."VEXEtU TO KEKf' E%((!llAt<TTT]X or <TfXtaQWTL-
xlj ;'[(_lll liEv ELX otljQLYftU O'Tll\' EQyanxlj tctt,1).
20 KO!lfiOWLOTtxri Epyanx1j t:rrr/llEpi&J:., (Kommunistische Arbelter-
zeitung}- "Ogyavo TTl<; UVf!QXOOUVOtXMLOnx1j; 0!-LUOO:; tWV I' EQ!.J.CtVWV UQI-
OlEQOlV iWJl!J-OliVLOttiw (f{ktm Oll!J-ELu)(Tl] I 9). H fi.PTJftEQWU exlitMtuv ow
AJJ.I3ougyo arco w 1919 m 1927.
To ovof.La Ka(!A 'EQA(!, :mu avw:pF.QfL o R.I. .\Evtv, dvm q:t/.okoytx6
lpn.wvwo TOt fX. I\UOU(fV!ffif(!YX.
21. IlQOXftlUl ytu ll)V J::.'VOXJT) aywm yta T!)V rLTfAftilfp(J)fJ!) F.pya-
ra;!);>>, not ogyavWOTJX UJtotov B.!. Atvtv to q;{ltVOlt<llQO tou 1S95.
I l <<Ev<,)(Jll ay0va O'lNvlOO Etxoot :TEQI.Jtou !la!;Jl;tonxou:; O!J-tAou<;; tl]" II-
tQO\moAT]. F.JTLXqu}o.1j:; ,/Vl001)S aytiwa 11 KEVTQLX1\ O!J-<'t-
00, m11v ono[a avt'ptHv o R.I. Atvw, o A.A. BuvtyHp, o Il.K. o
rx. M. KK. KQO\uraxayw, o A. MagtoqJ, o M.A. Il:l,tlw. o
B.B. ItaQXO<jJ x.a. H U!J01] xaflo<'iTjyt]<T1)1jtav OU'{I(EvtQW!lfVlJ m:a XEQtaltE-
vt OJlf.t&t:; !lE GtLXHpaA.l):; tOY Mvtv. H OQYCtWt)(l'l] lituL(!OlfVtUV OE
uxnlitxt:; Il(:XUto:t6QOt. owrtb1)ml rgyum; (o l.R. \1n(t!ffi01lOXtv, o
R.A. Y./_;')(olJVL)q; x.6..) owtlimv mrte:; n:; O!J-ME:; nt;: qxifL-rgtxf; xat ta
f(!YO{J'TUOtu.
H OQYCtV(!)(T1'J11'1<; Il1QOUltOA1):; 'l:'.VlOOll aytilva yla Tll\' arcrl.rufltQO)(JT]
TlJ:; E(!'(UttK1j; r(!l;1J:;, xma 11)\' E%((.'QUUIJ toll Atvw, rutonl.oooE TO
Evo; mavaomnxou ltot mo Egyanxo XlVTJ!J-U xm 'iUl-
8obmEl tl)V tal;tx1i m'tAll mu ;tQOhwgu'tto1.
22. To IX l.'vvtbrw rov KKP (!L-r.) EylVE 29 MC!QtlJ- 5 1011 AltQLATJ
1920 OliJ M6oxa. lti;)OS TT] ot!vflro1j tOll, to IX l:PVfCQW 1jrav to ;no
XO arc' o:i..a TO ltQO'lYOU!J-EVa OlMOQlU lOU KOf.L!lato:;: o' atrt6
uvnrrg(x.rttlltot, a.-ro wu:; o;rolou:; 5531-t 8ntxn lj..'l']qlo xm 162 !J-F owfknt/..wn-
xir uvrlltQO(I(im:nKlv 611.97!! !if All tou K6!l!J-CttO<;. Ito awt<'l(!to avtt."TQO-
O(t)m'itovrav m XO!J-!J-CitLxt:; ogyav<iJon<; 111:; Kvtgtxn:; tf]; Ol.I)(QH-
v(a;;, T<:l\' OUQUALOlV, t1):; I$1'1QLW; )(Ul a:Uwv :!fQLOXWV, ltOU Elxav f!Jtf-
kn!fu:gwf:Jd u/..nrrala arc6 tOY K6xxtvo ItQUtO. IloiJ.ol avrt.-rg6oOJ.'tot 1jk-
Bov OTO Ol'VCOQLO MO TO !lflltJltO.
HjlEQi)oLa TOU mrv1\(!toU: 1. 'F.xlhoTJ /)Q(IOTJ<; tl]c; KcvtQLXn:; E.. 1:l-
lQOlt1j:;. 2. Ta U!lEOa xalhjxOYta TTIS mxovof.Llx1jc; OtXoOO!J-ll<Tll:;, 3. To ot1VIit
xlvlJ!J-Il. 4. Ogyavwnxa .. 'i. Ta xaOI\Xovta tTJ:;
6. H mao11 arctvavrt OlNrratQLOIJ..Oll:;. 7. To nt-
Q<lO!J-U ato o11ffi:1)fta n1:; :w:i..ttO((!UI..axl):;. 8. Ex:i..oyi] Kmgtxn<; F.Jtt tLlOJT1j;. 9.
Tgtxovta t.1'JT1\!l(1ta.
Ol fQ)'CtalE<; rm: ouvellg[ou 6tf1;uyovtav xu I(J) a.-r6TTJV UJlEOTJ xuOO<'IrjyrJ-
OlJ !01' RJ. !\tv tv. 0 J\tvt v b.avE ELOT)"{TJOTJ y LllTTJV reo At OQOOlJ tTJS Kevrgt-
XT\c; ltal $yaAE ui.LXl) AO'{O JIUVW CllTJV f.l<JTi'{TJOTJ, !!LATJUE )'LU tl]V
OLXOOO!!TJOT), '{LU roue; tpyai.E l.oyo oto l!.Aflm-
110 mu mrvEilgiou xm ExavE n(!Otaon ytctmv xarO.Aoyo H1JV t7to1jHJ(f((t)V flf-
Atllv rn; E. it tgo:rTic; rou K6!!Jlaroc;. Irnv M6q'-uo11 n a ra O.JlEoa
xafhjxovta OLXOVO[LLXTi; Oll<oOOJl TJ01JS to UliVEOQtO tOVLClf Oll
O!_JOS nr; uvaytvvnot]; HIS Eh:m 11 cmngryxl.t rn fqxiQJ.lO
YTi t:vwiov or;WVOIWWt! cr,<cMou. lJ:tol-.oyLO!!t"Vou yta tt]V O.ttroa f:tEI[,(OJlfVTJ
lOTOQLXTl fJtOXTi ( Altoq:aon; Xat l.pTJ(f!LO!!(Ita Tll\V at'VdlQLWV l!.at TOJV
OUV6ta(J)(f:'yftt\V rou KKIE xat lU)\' OAOJlf)..WilV tTJ; K E, I, gwo. btb ..
1954, ClA. 478). TTJV XUgta 8E.UTJ OtO f\'Lalo OLXOVO!-LLXO a;(Ellto Tt]V XULELXE o
fstJAr.xrgto!!6;, wv OJtolo o MvtV :tQ611o.J..Ar oav Jlf'{O.Ao ltQOYQUJlJlCI )'ta 10-
20z(l<'lvta. Ot OOt]yLES 10U IX It'V0Qlou a.wrt.Awav tTJ fk'wll rou UXEOLO\! TTJS
KgcmxTi; En:ttQOJtiJS TTJS Pwo(a; ( fKOEJ\PO), rcou
8t]xe 1Ektxa xm eyxg(OT)xf. to rot !920 cm6 w navQt,lOLx6 owt-
6gto tWV Ioj3tf:t.
Iro mrvbQtO MOTJxr. JlryaA.nnQOooxTi atTJV ogyavtoon tTJc; 6tEt.-9uvoTJ:;
tTJ; ;ragayl,JY1\c;. :EtTJV aJt6qiaon yL' amo 10 tovtatTJX n uvayxn tTJ:;
OTJ!-tLOt.\?)'klc; xm EVEQYTJttxTi; xatk:Ji;ir{t]olJS :ravwmni3UOTJ
tTJ:; wwo:t(K)owJrt]:; 6tEU8uv01];. 3fxtvtiJvta:; rur6nc; 101 H.!. M-
vw. to attVtbi.JLO UltOYQOI-t!llOE t6tuitfQC1 Ott rcgo:; 10 OU!!(j!EQOV HlC:: OOOLW.L-
mxoVO!J.lac; Jtl)f:-IH va :tQOofAKuotoi'V nkan(! ot :rukto(
Evt'tvtta 0111 )'QU!!I-LTi rou KO[lJlUTO(; t(lx!hrM uro awtbgto fJ uvtLKOJl!!O-
nxTi O!!Uila IOU Oll'{XEVlQOlllO!-tOU (l:U.1:gOVO(j), 0oLVOXL, B.
IJltgvOq; x.a.). Ot \'lEtoiotf.:;;, xai.. unr6wvm xarw u..-,6 q;go.owi..oy(a ytu
ro OlJflOKganxo OlT'{XfvtQt<lltofl6 xm 6taotgtq;ovta; mTJV ngawanx6r1Jta
autTi tTJV agxTi. UJtOQQunav TTJV avayx11 rnc; l'ltci.euvon; mnv
naguywyTi, tO.aoovrav Evavrta otTJV uuOlt]Ql\ xm xgcmxi) Jtn-
Oagxla. on arnv KE Of.v TJ UQXT\ tTJ:;
ouA.koytxTi;; xo!Jobirlt'J01JS Tnv twv vtf.10LatLOv 010 ouvtbgLO tlJV
o PlxO<p, o ToflOXL, o Mti..toimv. o A6!!oq;. To owtb(lto aJt6-
KQOUOE rou:; <vtftalotES Kat (1..1:0QQLYf. Tll; ltg<Jt(lOfl; tou;.
Lto owrogto Mltrri.E LOLCll lE(lTJ ;rgoooxTi OlTJV tqyunxTi CtJllAI.a l<Cll 01Cl
KOJ.I!!OWtattxO. l6j3fl(lra. fta tTJ otllboon rnc; li!!tMa:; uwloravro va XQTIOL-
!!O:rotfJ(ld JTAmiii tO;rQLJlo6onx6 Olxrtfi!!U t11S To 0\'VE-
bgw u..<oq:<tlHof vet flHC!TQEl.VEl TlJ 6tefh'1i rcgoi..nagtaxTi ywgrTi rnc; l TJS rou
MaT). :tou to 1920 r.mq;tE 1-lfga IO.ptX:rw, OE [!E'{akwilbr:; Ilavgwatxo Iaj3-
j3uro.
BuotxiJ lttOTJ att:; Egyault; OlTVEO(JLOll Klltt'./..ofl TO 1WV lJlTVOl-
XCltWV, n:m1 x6.rw a.1:6 to :rgiatw tTJ:; l'TA.TJ:; t1J:;
&m/..na:; rwv ouv6txurwv un1v ex..<AT\Qill01J twv mxovowxwv xuf1Tr1.6vtl!JV.
i1JV CLJtOcpctmj toU yt' (l1Jt0 tO tO OlNOOQLO ita&iQLOE 1-l UKQi$ELClTO
Qt)l..o wN ouv6t1'tmlv, n.; axton; toll; 11 w xl)<'tw; xm tO K6!l-
IJ.U, n:; fi.Og<pt; xm tu;; ftdl66ou:; ml.lOOTjyfJOll:; twv ouvc'itlltwv (1,'16 to Ko!l-
l-tOlNLOWt6 K6!J.!!fl, n-;; !J.OQq;f.; tfJ<; Ol!!J.I.ITOXtit;. twv uuvc'itxatwv utfJV OllW-
vo!ltxti OLXoOO!J.f)Of). To OlNf.bQLO MfxQOUOE (lJt:O{(I(J.OlOUXCt lU ClVClQXO-
Ouvc'itXuALUt t>l 010lXEl.a (:LAtfutvtxcxp, i\ol;l'ltlmu, T6!J.Oll.t, /\outo(3( vmp ), Jl01l
lfJV avEl;agtT)OLa HI}V ouvbtYiltwv xm ra avttJJ:aQ<il)nav ow
Ko!J.!J.OtTVtottx6 xm 01fJ ooj3tmxti
:Ln<; 4 tOll A.-cgt1.f), Of l!AELOltj OUVEc'iQLUOf), TO Owtbgto r.i;r.J.rl;r. VfU
Kr.vtgtxtj E:ntgorcti 1-tE 19lUXnx6. !J.{AT) KE Xat 12 ava.."tAf)Qm!J.UtLXr'l..
Tmmxa fli:AT) Krvtgtxti.; t"XAEXllJXUV: o B.l. Afvtv, o A A
AvtgtyEq;, o 1. 0 M. I. Kai..(vw, 0 fx. E. o 1_ A
LEQYXEyE(j} (AQTW!J-), o L B. :Lt<Utv x.a. 5 TOU ArcQLAfJ, to ouvtbQw lE
AEH.l)(Jf tOll.
23. 0 twv 1.1AWV tOll 1JOTEQ<l U..'lt'l TfJV amtxolm!J-0
l!Q<lllXYj EJfUVUO'tU\.IfJ lOU 1A$<lgf) 1917 XClL w:; tO 1919
VOll, f[Xf n:; rcagaxcmo ai).ayE:;: Otf)V Vll IlavQWOLXYj OlNOtci.OXf.1jlf) (toll
tOll :L/\F.KP (llJ(.) tOll 1917la !Jii..ll tou K6!!1J.U10:;
of 80.000 om VI :Luvoogtotou:L.1.EKP(IlJC.) (loui..11:;-AU'(ouow:; 1917)-yu-
Jw 011; 240.000 oto VII :Luvf6gto rou KKP (llJC.) (MagtTl:; 1918) ozt i.tyo-
cEQU CLJtO 300.000 oto VIII LllVtbgto toll KKP (1-J..'l.) (Mal}tfJ; 1919) Of
toU K6!J.jJ.ClTO:;.
24. II g6xmm ytU TTJV XOft!J-(lnxlj rfk'io!J.I'tixl, ;w u t'yt Vf 1.1 lkton<fJV Mo-
P<tOfJ wu VII :hovEc'iglou lOU KKP (!J-Jt.) ytU TTl\' TOlJ U(!Lfl!IOl) nuv !J.f
.-tilV tO\) E'(L VE OE !J.LU mgilx'io Evtanxlj:; mi.Af); toll
ltOll f.VUvtLO. Olf)V Oti}UttumXT] mf.(.lf3uOf) XClL ClTfJV
Uvtf.:tUVUOlCWfJ. flu JtQWlfJ ((.lOgO. tf.bof.LUOO Vf OtT[V 0(/'(UV(J)-
lOU KKP (fut.)a.-rrci n; lOw:; w; 17 to1' /\l'yOUOTOU 1919(f)
bE!JlEQTI OTT]V TI ET(>Ol':toi,tl f'(t Vf toV 0xttiJf3v1J-NOE!J.j3gf)
toll 1919) U.."T6 n; 20 n:; 28 tol' f.j3&lfl(tc'iu EytvE OtllV
ogyavwofJtol' xl.lj3gvElou M6oxa;. fr.vtxr1JOvtu>; tTlV :t(lWTTl n:tiQU
':wyti:; TTl:; KW!J.UtLXtj:; Ej3c'io!J.a&x:;, fJ OAOftO.na tf);:; KE TOll KKP (1-J..t-) ow;
26 t01' kflt1Efli3\?11 1919 U..'lOqXtOLOE va xavn JtO-
om XWQUJ XUL 010 O"tQ0-10. tOe f) toll If.:ttf!4'1('11, fJ KfVT(lLXYj Em-
{utfLAE OE (Ji,E; n; l!Of.l!J.uttxf.:; OQYUVWOEL:; E'(.tilXAlO YQll!J-!W, 010
o:to(o t6vt1;,r on llOTf.(J(l a;-r6 tf)v xm tf):;
fl!Wfla(!tof)<; Of 6/cr.; ClZfMV H<; XO!-t!J.UlLXE:; fJ KE flEWQf( m[-
XClLQO va r.woozti Vf<uv !J-EAli.Jv mo Koftf.La. H KE
Ole OlfJ OLUQXELU TlJ:; :TQE."TH VU y( VOvtat OEXTO( OTO
KO!J-1-tU f.LOVO EQ'(Utt:;, EQYUtQLE;, xDXXLVOL OTQUWim.:;, vu\m;, U'((X.'m; l!UL
ayQ<)n,(Jo;;. fla M.ot!<; TO\)<; illot'<; mo 61f.tmT]JHl amo TJ ELolioxl'i ow K6tt-
J! rcgt:rn va otUJlUT1'jon. II KOJ.q.tanKJi r.tl;';o1.1Ma rlxr oav u..1:ot0.fOJ!a
va !lJCOlN OW !.IOVO Of. 38 xuf\r(!VrLU LOU lJLTiJ.tato<; tl]<;
l:0:2:.1..P ltUVW arc6 200 XLt.LO.IlE:; !lvfiQCJ-.1:01, (l][O tou;; ;rEQL006tEQOL
o.:Jt6tou; J.LLOou;; Titav EQyO.n:; xm ma J.Lftwrca Eytvo.v bfl!.tOL mo K6!.1!lll ;ra-
vw (l][OTO 25% 6owv lr.11Ji)l'tot10av ow otgat6 xm mo on)i..o. 0 A(-vtv EYQU
IJ'E on ot l!ttt ot uyl?Ow;, rcou TiWav mo KoJ.L!lU oE !.ILU T6oo lru\rm/..rt
OHY!.ITI, (lJ[otEAOttv ta l!UAUTEQU xm ta JtLo o[yOUQO x.aOolifiYT]tlxU otEAfxl]
lOU E.1:0.VUotO.tll!OU :1QOAHC1Qt6.tOU l!Ul tOll J.IT] El!.J.lftUAAEUTll!OU T!.ITi!J.(lto<;
tTJ:; (A;ravra, 51] EK6:, toJ.L. 406<;, oeJ... 141)_
25. 6Qyavo tl]<; E.1:t-
11]:; KO!lJ.l01..'VLmtxTi:; htE9volJ;; f\yatVE Ota QWoLX.U, OtU YEQ!lllW-(U,
Ota yaJ..Atll, Clta ayy).txa, Ota LOJtUVll!U XUL Otu XL To ;rQtiJTO TEUxO<;
nrv 1 Tl wu MaTt 1919. Iro n:cgtobtxo liTJJ.LOOLt10vtav OHlJQTJnwi aQ(lgu
xm vtoxouf.livta tTt<; KotLJ.lUt.'VwnxTi; htEOvm):;, u' uuro xm
nona aQ(Iga tot' AEvw. To ;regtobtx6 tn (klmxa tTJ:; J.lUQ-
vwnxTi; OE(I)(JL(!:; oE oi'VOEOII J.LE ta tott6t0vou:; fQ-
yanxoii XUL XOJlflO\'VLOTLXOV Xl vTiJ.Lftto<;, tT]V JtfLQft tT]C: OLXl)l')(}!lT]Cll]<; lOU 00-
0Ml).lO!.lOl) ClTT] l:oJ.{tttXTi T'.V<:XTT], i:'.tf!Vf. :t6.AT) r.v6.vtLa Ota 1\taq:;D(!ft UVTLAr.-
Vl VLOltXri Qf.liJ.lUTa. H txboon OlCl!lUTT]Of. TO\' lollvl] toU 194 3 UGTf.Qcl CJ...1:0 ll]V
rt..1Cxf-<WTJ wu ltllOEOQElm: tT]c; EXTEi.wnxTi:; Em TQ01tTi<; rn;; KoflJ.LOUVLOnxTi:;
6.tEfhroU:; 15 TOU MUT] 1943 ytu Tl] bWJ.. UOT] tTJc; KO!lJ.lOUVL<JTLKljc;
26 Bi...K. MuQ!; xm <1>. 'EV'(Xtlo.;;, ,1wAEXTii YIJ6.tuwra, QWO. f'xli., 1953,
OEA. 105.
27. Folkers Dagblad Politi ken ( Ka01J,Uf(!tVlj t\a iilrj IToA.t.nY.ri Fq;r,_Uf!Jlba)
- E!f'l]J.Lf.(llOa tl!lV LOUT]/)<tlV U(IL(JlfQltlV (JOOLcU.bTI!lOXQfttliiV, :TOll to 1917 hT)-
J.LLOl!QYTJOftV TO A(ILClTfQO l:omnlo.I\1]!.10XQUTLX6 K6tlJICl TT]::; IOlll]Oiac; fl!l'lLOO-
TilV 0111 ItO'.tX61.J.L 11 u..1:6 TOV A. 1:Qllo.TJ TOll 1916, otl]v QXTi JLt.QU rca J.LEQft, J.Lf.-
ta l'.ClAT]J.lE(_)LVCt (lll<; TO tol' 1917 !'o/itiken).
ntc; ow 191S-1919Tiravo 1_ lrgtOjl. To 1921, to Agt<mgo IumaMT]flOXQU-
TLl!O KOflJ.lU LOUT]Iilu:; J.LJITiKE OTTJV Kot.tJ.LOl'VLmtxlj 6.tEOvri <.m rcTiQ< tl]v
OVOJ.lUOW XllJ.lllO\..'VLOTLl!U' T] tq:l]J.LiQl&t t"(l vE OQ'{UVO toU. 'Y OTEQU ltltO tl] 616.
IJ.tUoT] wu KoJ.LJ.lOWwnxoii KoJ.Lrww; tT]; lourtlil.a;;, rov Ol!niJ!3gTJ TOU 1929,
1] EtfTJ[Lf.QLOO Jn\_)(!Of om XEQLU TTJS 6El;t(r:; Tou irtE(Il')'rt<;. H tTJ:; OTU-
J.l(ltl]OE:TO M(tljtot: 1945.
28. Btofl17i:amwir(!yiirr;: rmiud!Jftol'(lndustrial Workers oithe World-
!. W. W.)- nnv rgycmi>'' T<;>V IIllA, Jtol' IOQII!JTJ-
XE TO 1905. OUVEVWVE Xl'QiW; J.ll] H6LXEWlfVOU:; Xat XUJll]Aa Uf.Lar\OrtEVOU:; EQ-
'/OW; oLUqJO(XtlV etayyfAJ.U'mov. ItTJ hTJiJ.LOUQ'(LU EVEQYO j.ligoc; Ol
rra(X't'(Ovrr; TOll UIJ.f.QLXvtxm) EQyanxoit l'.LvriiJ.mo:; NT. Nn 1\fov, f. NtEIJ.JtS
xm Ou. Xf:tfkmvr. Ogyavtixm:; BLOIJ.1JXUvLwiJv EQymwv xooj.tou fL)(UV01J-
itLOl'QY'l]flr.l 010v Kaval:l6.. OT1JV AumgaUa, at!']V AyyA(a, OT!'] 1\(ltlVl-
Ol!J In:; lOU UJlt(l)'LUl!OU Xl-
'>'li!J.aTO:;, uvMn:'X(}rptf HnA x(mo UJTO T1JV mi.Ogaon 11JS crava-
otuo!']:; TOl' 1905 1907 OT1J P1.00ia, ot RtOIL1J)(Uvtxoi fQy(nr.t; toll x6oJ.IOU txa-
vuv IJ.La on ;rnt'XIliJ.fvf:; iJ.<tt.Lxt:; (!Jif.QYif(;, JI<il..runv rvavrta OTTJV :wi,m-
111:; OWE(?yaola;, :wu rq;<i(!j.tol;,av Ol (?f.qKJ()IJ.LOTE:; t!JS Aj.tE-
rgyaoiac: xm ml'lr.'(;tol oomakwtt:;. Ita xQOvtn wu
I!U)'XO<T!llOU L!lJHQLUAL<THXOl) liOkEj.tOll f'(LVU\1 j.l TTJ OUIJ.j.tHO)(t\ 11']<; Oj.tO-
OliOVIila;; JiokH:; avrt..-cOAE!lLXt:; EXO'f1kti.tow; t!']; UiJ.EQtxavtxiJ:; E(l-
tal;!']:;. OQto!lfvot xa8oOTJY1JTE<; nov BtoiJ.llXCtvtxtilv ElJYatOJ\1 tou x(l-
Oj.tOlJ (Ou. Xttfkmvr l!fll aHot) )(ULQElloav T11 Oxtwj}(?l(tvrj ooota-
e:mvaomo11 xm mo K6itlln t(L)v Hn A.
Tum6xvova, 0111 bQ(loTJ tTJ:; ogyuvwo11:; nugouotfi.ollJXUv avHQY.OOlJVI'Hxa-
Atmtli yvWQioj.t(ltu: TJ o(JYU\If.0011 bfv amyv(ilQLtr. T1JV :taA1ltoU liQO
htaQtU'tOU, a(!Vt6tav tov xaOoli1lY11ltX6 (Xii..o TOll K61J.IJ.IllO<;, tTJV uvayxn tw
btx1atogia; toll JIQOI.nagtawu, Ct(!Vt6tav va xavEL boukELa ava!J.Eoa m
owlitx6.mJv, nou avipwv <T'tTJV A!lEQLxuvtxti Oj.toonovbla Egyu
OLH(;. OL UVHQ)(001JVIitxai..tott:; TJ'(flE<; llJS OQYUVI.OOflc;, ffito!pfAUl'iJ.I'.VOL 01t6
10 yr.yov6:; on :roUol liU(X'Iyovrf:; f\>ioxovrav 01:11 ;ra-
QUTTJ 8EATJOTJ lli)V OWOtl!aALOIJ.EVW\1 UJlOt!QL\jlO.V to 1920 tlJV ExXA TJOTJ
111:; 1\tfflvouc;, :1011 xai..o\J<Jr
11JV ogyavWOTJ va liQOO)(WQiJon OLTJV Kof.LiJ.O\JVLOLLXtJ Atd.lvt\. f:l;m<lw; til;
J!OAllll!t\<; )((10oOt\'(TJffiJ<;, OL AtOJl11J(CtVLXOL fQYCITf<; lOU
l!OOIJ.OU iJ.EtmQ<i<TJXa\1 Of OQYft\1(<){11], :mu YQt\'(O(lCt iXUOf TTJV
mo E(rynnxo
29. To Xo{:i!i.r (II Soviet)- HfTJIJ.EQiha wu IwJ..txou Koj.t-
J!amc; rxl'ltoomv 0111 "c6...-w).TJ a.-c6to 1918 to 1922 rut6 to 1920 E(3ymvf
OU\IOQ'{ft\'0 t(L)V KOIJ.j.lOU\ILOHY.OWUj.lJIOll'VOlOVLOtWv lOU ltaAL-
KOU Iomai.tcrnxo\ K6j.tiJ.Uto;.
30. 0 K0/1/lOUvta/16;( Comunismo)- bnL"!Evlh\iJ.f(!O :tfQLol'ltx6wu hn-
i..txo\t lootw.tmtxo\J K6!!ilmo:;EBYutVmo Mt.AavoaJioto l919w; 10 1922,
btruOw!'nuv M6 rov Nt. LfQUTL.
31. To lrai.tJa)l:ootaA.tartxo Ko/l,uatliQI)full!f to 1892.
i/i(l1101J:; f!rm OTO K6!!Wl ytvomv EVlOVTJ :TUATJ t(L)V 6uo xa
1nlfi\JVonnv -rn;; xat tTJ:; mava(rtanxiJc;. To 1912, oro
O'JVEOQLO lTJ(; bwy(X'I.tp!']xav UJT6 to K61J.iJ.U xatw <m6 l!JV nlf-
OT] tli)V UQLOlEQ(i.Jv Ol J[t.(l 0..1:QOX(IAtt'rtOt QEq:O(!!Uotf::;- o;mboi to\ I ITOAf!Wll
xm <ll; cruwgyaolw; tT]v ll.l!BtQVI]ffil xru tT]v rtmtxTi n'tcTJ (I. M:wv(l!H. i\.
M:nooMn x.a.). ArrotTJV aQXti w11 :ray;.6ottwu qurrgw.hmtxo\1 rroA.rwlll
XC1t lt.M; lT]V ItoJcia; otOV :tr'JJ..qto TO I::rK "All]AWvOta\' EVUVllU UTOV
xm rrgol:lallr. 10 m''Vth'uw: "EvavtLn mov rr6;1.mo. tmEQ tT]; oOOEtf-
Q<)tTJTU::;!. To 6-ExE!lt\QTJ wu 1914 btayQ(tq:TJXE u..<oto 11 1wv
u..1:ommwv (Mrr. Mouao;\(vt x.a.), :wu tT]v LIJ1TEQtuAtottxti :w-
A.mxti 1n:; a01txtj:; xm taoo6mv tlJtEQ wu Owv 11 Ito.A.ia !-1-<iJ-
xE awv rr6AE!J.o om :ri.EuQ6 A vtavt (Mal]:; wt 1915) oto I to.i.tx6
A.umxo <dlTJAWfllJXUv tvtovu xlmulh)vuEt:;: 1) 11 La, rrov fklTJ-
OutlQE tT]V aonxii va xavn tov rr6Af.!lO' 2) n Xf.vt(_ll!Jttxi). ITO\) mJVtvwvr
111" n/..no'JITJ(J:(a twv !!fAWv 1011 lWL JtQ6f\a"-Ar 10 o\rvflT]!la:
0Ctf 01'!-l!lflOXii 010\lliOkf.!lO, Ol11f lOU Xm 3) TJ UQlOlEQT\.
:tou xQ<Itot'Of :no arrmpo.monxii 01(HJT] r.vavtta otov 1-lU 6EV llJtO-
QOUOf va ogyawimr.L 011'\'f:J:T\ ;raJ,. T] f.V(lvt ta toll. Ot UQLOUQO[ on XC1taAa[ktt-
vav 1'1]\1 llvO'(XT] 11]:;; toU L!.!.1:EQLnkLOUXOll Of
lT]V avayi.T] tT]:; Oltoq:o.mottxT\; !lE QH('llQ!ltOtE:;.
'YotEQ<I arr6 tT]v Oxtwj:lgtavti oootui.t01txi) EnuvaotuOT] ott<;
wu IIK owa!liJJOE n UI}LU1EQT\ nn\nl"(a. To X VI IllVEOQto wu K6!-l!lU1o<;,
:tou otT]v MrtoAL'lVLU on; 5-8 tott O;.niJ(:\QTJ 1919, rrtiQf rm6cpaffil yw1l)V
:TQOUXWQTJOT] lflT]V III i\tdlvii. AVtlliQOoWltOL tOU IIK ltl')('<lV ott:; EQ-
yaOLf<; tOll II IttvfOQLOll tl]<; 6-tdlvo\1;. 0 fJllY.HfO.AT\; 11]<;
avti-1:QOOttmlw; N1. Iq_x'm, :rou xQ(ttT]O xfvtQtottxti 01aOT], l!otEQCl 0..1:010
mJVtbQto 1axllr)Kc cvavtw otT] QT\;TJ QHfOQ!ltmtc;. To I EVOQTJ wu 1921
am XVII :Euvri\QLO tol) K6J.LJ.Lato:; oto Ati\Ogvo m :rou Elxav TTJV
:r1.ctmj1T]qJl.a 010 owtbgto, ugv1jthpmv va. u..1:o w1c; QflfOQ!ltotl'r;
mt va avayvWQioow nAT\Q(L.M; tou; OQ<Ju:; uoboxii; OtT]V 6-l-
evr;. Ot agtotEQOl avtLJtQl_)ow.<ot arroxli>Qt!Oav un:; 21 t01' ftvaQTJ 1921 O..<l'i
to awtbgto xm [(\Q11(JUV to K6J.l!lU tT]c; IraA.Lo.:;.
32. H oclj3tmxti El;ouo(a OLTJV OUyyagl.a ey;.aflti\Q'llfh]Kr one; 21 tO\! MaQ-
rn1919. H OOUlf!AtUtLXi) f.:ravaotuoT] otlj\1 Ouyya!_?la lXE fl(!1JVtX6 XUQ<l-
xtT\Qa. H 01JYYQtXi) rwttxii ocv J.L1:0(IEOE va :tgota;EL avtio1aaT] on;
1-rt'(Kf.(:; 1-lTJV J.L1:0QOlvta:; vatu :rEQO.IlE nc; towtEQtXt:; xm tl;w-
1f.QLxtc; 1\uoxoJ..lr.c;, o..1:oq:umoE va rruQO.Ii!ixm :IQOOWQLVa tl)v El;ouo ia otm;
lir.sto\1:; aootal.bTJ!lO'.<Q<m:; yw va E!llioolon t!Jv avantvl;n tT]; muvaotuoT]:;.
tO xugo; toll KO!l!lOl'VWtlXOU tT]c; OtrrfuQ(a:; on:; !J.U-
T\tav EXELVO TOV XatgO 1000 J.Lf':'UAO XUL 0\ Ultatti)OH<; tu.lV aJIJ..(i)V !lfkti)V
wu rwv oootakbtJ!lOX(!Uttilv yw t011;;
tooo MoqtuownxEc;. mn1 n xa0o01\'(TJOTJ 100 K6)t!lft-
to<; UltfU0tiV(}nKE Utou:; xaOoi\T]yT]tf; 101! KOJ.L)l01JVL01LX01)
!lf tl]\1 :t(l{ltaUT] vn rn6 xotvm) xt'j3EQVT]OT]. Ot TJYE-
u; 1wv avayx6.0lfJKUV vu CfXTOUv Tout; 6Qollt; ITO\' ;"[Q6-
fktl..uv ot GTfJiitagxnu twv OLUJtl)<lYIJ.UtEt'CIEUlV: lifJ!!LOUQYla
xuf3EQVfJOfJt;, aq>oni..taw'>; tile; ta!;fJc;. Koxxt-
vou Itl)<ltoU XUL Aa"lX!']S: JtOAl tWV tatqlktx61HxhlV ym-
rilV, r.llvtXMOtl](JT] t!']S: jltoj.l!']XUVtOI;;, mNai,J1li1VIA-!!1J.Xta:;; 1-lf 1!'] P(l)a(a
K.O. TalltOX(lOVU 1J.'lOyQUq:lfJKE GUj.l(j)UlVlU yLU tl] ffi..'\{VlJ)(Jlj KUl TWV 6t'O xo,t-
j.lO:TWV ar. Iomahmtx6 tnc; Olr!Yagtm;. Kma tn 6ttl;aywyrj tnc; awt-
vwonc; rwv liuo KOitltf'ltwv tyt vav M8TJ, ;rou m mJVt'.:u.tE:t; roue; Ex01J).lil8l)llv
XatOilL VU: 11 ffilVf\'!0011 f'(LVE j.lE Gt''(X!ilVC1lffi], XCUQ(S: TWV
moqE({))v.
ItTfV :tQ<iltn tou itl>n at'Vroglaa!'] to E:tavumunx6 xu0EQVfJtLXr'> auf$ou-
ALO U..'TOq:x:wn YLU rn lillj.llOliQYla TOll K6xxtvou LlQaTOlJ. 26 tOll
Mr'tQt!'], 11 X\Jf)EQVlJ!lll tTJS: 01ryyagiuc; 1U yta
tT}V rllvtxo:rolTtml 1wv 1-lfTU(jX.)lxilV, mlV TQ<J.-
nr.trilV. Inc; 2.tou A'tQl).n \(lllqJlmnxr otatayu.a yta ro 1011 rl;h>-
TE(Itxo1J qL"IOQi.ou. A ra 1-lfQOXCtj.laLa tlllV fQYattilv xatO. !!E!lO 6QO
xarO: 25%, r.qJUQIW(JlfJKE 11 8WQ11 EQYOOL!!Il IJ.f.ea. Ittt; 3 toU A1:QLA11 \jf!Jq:>LOTl]-
XE yta TTfV UYQOILKij j.lETa[!Qi()!!Lml. tov Orto[o Oll!lEOO\'taV
6i..a ta :tou f.lxav f.xtaoTJ ;ravw a..'To 100 (57 fxt6.Qta). Ot 6n-
IJ.fU!-ltvEc; yuLES: Of llOl(lUOTf]XUV UvUf.i.WU moue; tiLX(lOXt!']j.latLES: Kat
tOllS: ayQ<)n;, a/.ka f.tfTaf\q3{totnxav moue; UYQOTLXOI'l; J[UQUYW-
YllWUS: 011\'ETUI{llOj.lOU:; lWL !lta K(lO.tlKU VOLl'.OXUQLU JtOU OQYUV1'ilfhr.tav xa-
t!'t TOJTO\lc;. H naj.lq:twxn ay(_Xltta, :TOU ri.n:Lt.E \'U JtUQEl Yn. O..'TOYOTltf.lltl]XE.
Auto qmoowE TTJ o\p .. 'Tnl;Tl ffi'ILituXi.n:; lOU JtQOAmlQUltOIJ W lTfV
ay(_XJtL(r, al'lvvaHoE 111 aoj3tntxlj !:.0\.".Jta crtT}V Otr(YuQill.
Ot lf.i.JtF(IlaAtmt:;; tl'JS Avni.vt btXTTJXUV llE. rnv E'('.tal:lib(!vof]
11]<; to\) arnv Ol!yyugi.a 01!'] .:'!.Tl!J.O-
KQUTLU E:tLt\hiBTfKr. otWWOj.ltX6; Evavna mrJV Io-
Btntxij t.nlloXQatla opyuvl.iJOTJX< E:tf.!!l'laa!']. H mlUwn twv
a<QUtEL'i!O.nov tl]c; r.:tc!-4'\nan; OQUOTTJQLo;:oi.nuE tT}V avtE.."IuvO.ma
Of]. H R(!OOooi.a l(J)\' or.<;trilV tiJ.!Jav (jf !lUIJil(!xi.a j.lf
TO btfflvr'J qlJtf(ILUAl!lj.lO, O..'TOtfi..rar. flTLOTl; J.llU uno nr; at tlf<; TT]c; !l\JVTQLBT\S:
Ol''rf(ltit1Jc; .:'!.fJIJ.OXQatlu;.
II xmamaaf] rrm1 m tol!
1919, omv TJ P(JlO[a XlW,fltlfVfJ U..'T6 rxUQOiic; a..<' 6/.r.:; nc; j.lf-
QLES: XUl Of\' IJJ1:0llOUOE vu OOxJEL 13oiiflta OlfJ\' .:'!.Tlj.lOX(lO.-
tlo.. to\' TT]t; Qllf.O. TTJV I TO\! 1919, f... 'TEL ta
a..'T6 xm vt:; TT]:;; LIL <EQ.al.tmtxrj.:::; r..<{[l('\aarJc; xm rnr; ww-
TfiJtxitr; avtEJ"Iavc'tmn(Jf];:;, n <!;omla mnv Olr!Yfl(lla avm{jl...'TTJXE.
33. m .. K. xm !. 'f.V'(XfAr;, i\;mvra, 2n (!COO. i:-1./i., t(lJl. 18o:;, OEi ..
'i 15-516.
34. Der Vulksstaat (To ,1ai"x6 K(xiro;l - Hf11f.lQl&r, Knrt(!LX6 "OI[(avo
oootuAbfJf.LOXQmtn:; nov tjl-rmvE
xaroJ MO TTJ 6tf1l(hovon rm: n. AirmxvExr urn At'(l(rt am 1869-1 S76. i:r11v
Hfllf.LEQlba Ol K. Ma(.l!; xm >. 'EV'('I.fA;.
35. Kmvwvia mw F.Owuv tmfMi; o(?yr'lvWOTJ JWl' 1JJ!11QX mT]V J!fQlobo
avr'!f.LWU owv IlQ<ino xm (fto Ll.Et'TEQO ll6l.f.LO'
TO 1919 UHJ ouvtnaoxr.yT) t(!TJV11S TOU IJagwtoi! tOJV VlXT]lQLWV Ll.UValtf.lUV
mov Illlli:ITO Ilayx6af.Lto 06huo. To xuwmanx6 t11<; Kuwwvla:; nov EtlwiJv
t'Jtav ilfQm; TTJ:; i:ttV9tixTJ:; r.L(lriVTJ:; tli)V BEQOaHHilv tOll 1919 xm rlxc 1
1
:!0-
ygaq;Ei (l][O 44 X[!('nJ1. Ot O(.XWT11(lL6t11n:; 111; Km V<!lvtn; tt<lV EOvlilv Jtl)(lY-
JlUTOJtOLoi:vtav Mli t11 i:tiVO.rum], <L'16 w i:llf.L(kmkto r11; rwv
H1vtilv xm <L'16 T111JOVLI.l11 l'QUf.lf.LUTfla llf. ro yr.vtx6 Y(!C!IJ!latEa.
To xaraotanx6 Kot vwvla; row EtlvtiJV xmugrlatTfi(E ttm :rou vu OTJ!ll-
LWgyd TT]V EVT('Jt!Jlffi] Ot l TJ UQ'(6.VW011 mrrrifXEL TUXU UUV OXOJT(HT)V ltflAfJ EW
VTI.(I OlT)V rnitlEOT), T11 !lLI!JOT) TUJV TTJ Olf(JEWOT] 111; ELQriVTJ; Xat
ao<r6.:i.ELa;. IrTJV m x<rUOOTJYTJTE:; Km-
vlJwlw; TOJV h0vlilv UVfXOVTUV tou:; rn!lJQOf.LEt:;, rvtl6.gQWUV W Xtt\'TTY11TO l(!)V
XaL TTJV to\! Ll.E('tf(IOU flU"(,(OOUlOU Ilo),fWJl!.
LTTJVltf(ltoboarr6to 1920w;:;to 1934, TJ 6Q<Io11 r11; Kmvrovta:; TWV Efh:<.ilv
ELXf EX6QLXO Xll(lUXtriQU <L1:Evavn (lt11 LOBtmx.Tj 'EvwOl]. !TU 1920-1921' n
Km vwv(a n:JV EtlvriJV 1jwv tva ami m xtVT(Iu t11;:; t::."[EIJ
/kta11:; EVr'lVTLU 0TO aotltfllXO
15 TOl' !mrt'!lfu111934, f.LE Jt(XJ.noj'lmtklrt tTJ:; yuAktxt'J:; Ol..."[i.<nf.LClTW:;,
34 x111 TJ Km vrov(.u; rwv EtlvtiJV OTTJ Lotltntxri 'Evw-
Ol'J ilf. TT)V VU !L1:fl OTT]V XOL VWVLa. Me OX01l0 TT]V mi).11 YiU 111 mF-
(IEWOTJ TTJC, 11 ELLA JL"TriXf O't11V Kmvwvla trtlv EUvwv. tlo16oo. oL
JtQOO:nitlm:; nt:; E.L.L!l. va OTJ!lLOUQYriuEL !lfrwrro ELQriVTJ; otT]V
avtimaOl] twv avttbl/(lotLXWv twv 61mxlilv Ll.Waf.Lwv. Me rnv EVUQ-
TO\! Ll.E('tf.(l01' narl((lof.LLOll Hokf!toll, TJ 6l/(loll KOL Vl!lVll1C,l{;)V H}vtiJV
Kotvowla trov EOvwvbta/..l)!hrl(rtov An(!i
I. TJ tou 1946 f,tf a..-r6q.a0l] n1:; .LwO.Euo11,; nou ot"(XAiJOTf,(E Etbtxr'l.
36. fiQOXEttaL yta TO !1f.Qo:; EXELVOtOl)YQUf.lf.l<lTO<;tol' ct>. ltQO
TOV . A. ZO(Iy,tE 29 LOU Nof.f.tl\>111886, 6:t:Ol' 0 'EvyxEk;, f..,"[tX.(Il
TO OXTUQlO'HX.O XUQUXtti(!O. OQClOT] tWV fEQJlUV<Dv OOOtat.bT)f.LOXQUTWv,
JtOU EX3tUT(ItO,WVOl OTT]V Af.lQtXt'J, AEEI on yt' Ulltoi-; 11 OEUJQla EL-
VUL OOYf.l<lllL oxt o6TJY6<; yw OQUOl'J (Bk. K. xm . .1WAE-
xui YJJI.tara, (liOO. txb., 1953. Of.A. J96}
37.lt11 ylU TO f(]YO tOll fF.(If.LUVOU f%. To.
KF(It Uo).m.xo-otxovquxiq rwv HVW{.Itvwv T1o-
IJ.OO>AJ
N.113lf\1oo91.'"0 Sol.mi1i9)11).oxunJ..iYd IJOXlWl"'(rnooi H "5D!A
-maau suw.uw Su1 DT11i9)1 9XlW1Mon1io)l o1 n1 ADXl.i.f:I<!>AJ (5,_10"()31V m
Sll1 DT11i9)1 9'Xlll)'lMm1rlow> D')oD'ioAo J\lu t;>t}lm AOl OA
-]31<3 JO\Ut nou 'D!QMll!Dorlo l,lxniJ)J}a llmx Snnooo Snn9N
Sll!IJ.(l(Y)q_ \l1<1W1'(ll100! ll '1 Z61 o.o11lill)A3J 0.1 m1ri9)1 ;;>xnmo\lwrlno)l
010 <\DX\ll!TI A3Q10X IJ.el.J"'( J;lX1lDlOD1X3D 1\Do\DXJ 513J)(!JAoAOo (I)Al)lmXlDl!10 'm1
-ri9)19X11DA03 ow 0(,100]3 Ail1 mJ.. 11))( 51W Sowriri9)1
0.01 Ill m,\, D]3"l1LID Dl ilOl J;lrlrlooJ..(,Ji}u ow !lOll '(Ol6 1
ilOl ClOlDI_to/Jl\f 1\01 I -U'((lOJ llOl I 51W JAlA} 010q?Ai.l0 9Xllll0Ql 01) 5D]Alll
Sll1Somrlri9)1 (l01<1lD111Jll11h1o)l 0.01 D)J.ilnmrllLQ LL1 l)llJ)I
'53X]JJW Q1llJ S<J]OitX <\UW).O"'(
-JlOlllJ nou mx A<)'lxmMJ.. MJl A<m;Himmx1Q A<)'lx1J..U"'(XJ Mnl Sltmum;li}Jun
UJ)(<JA:f, <\Ill mm !ll61 ilOlltl)JAI 013xlllOJAOOri3 O.Oll 'ltl)(llA!)Jiio 5\l'(JrioJ..T'{O
- lS!(l!POS' , SJ;)l{JO A\) ll]l;lti.O.UDOriQ (1){1llJAO:;J
non109xkou i\Oll!'ll'l u o.mllrl9xn
-nom.: Suo J;JlliHOm 3!.KnriJ;lALH? nou 01?
'l'(X MilO 51JO]Tif)itO<luurl mA. nrllLA 1x o1911D H SD]'(JJit() SLL1
noX.:tiXoxOOf1\U 5311/lODMJm 91.'"0 )(I)]OitX AUlAI).0'(3l01.'1l 0.01: 'uql;lrlo (lox1 ri-
AlJPOS lS!(l!POS' S<'lfll/1.\ I.JlnOS)5DJ'(DII())JJTli)N 511lltiJrotl:;J,
Ol!D Sro-)orlX <\lJlJ\L,lll"'(3l0l."'l llOllUJX ll]q<\OllOOTiQ l,nmnih!
ill OlllJ ]310Dl!Dlll!D JX13 110l: 'A!)llOOXD11lLQ"'(lJ1DOU .v;il3W10D
MlllllQI/YiOA!UQL"'l D) lOX I uw W6l 'UJ)(i)il.l,JAOO \lXU
-u1DDAD1:3 (.-\lJlld moqwr lS![ll!XJS)mllip)f pxuv.\ifJ pxumymoo.z fr
mhic;>)! 9Xll01MOnriO)IllW 3xill(l3A(I}X.\.ao )II!] o\011\Jll
30!))1\D(.oo M)>XlllOliiJlll D):i:JlUl\013"'(1! \lX1l1.'10lMO lL '01'.61 01 3A1/._;! 1\0ll 'lm)q
9Xll<'>M otmou ol:\ So)MJlJi.lH SLL1 somriri(,l)l ,toli110111JWrl
-rio)! ;w1 ll).\.!'l,1mrluq LLw 0'(9U 01ilt;tx <\01 Smltl(,lAJ '::V,llnm .."nmi
-liOX l.JI,IJ,JriQ uriri9)1 \)Xllil1'(nl00:( 9Xlii.DllOIJ U.L '\l--1.{)31V \lXllO
-1A:tOThiO)I AlllD O.OQ9D13 SLL1 (r 86) S01mirlq)f i\01 A!ll
...m1 DJd>ltrftOlJ'(J.: (lxumoww LL '61 61 0.1 uol.l\Jli?m ALL1 Ql:."'l
Sn)ornd Sll1 Ltou:m;ilmn Alll mJ.. ... r:nv,}J...y ...m1 millA
OW 0'(\l(l O"'(l)J..Jti ,\u;rmq )f:\:H ClOl U.L Ltoll1Dl)AD10l \lX1l01'(1J1DllO
l,!Amil\Jroll'.() ll"'(l)MW Ul miri9)1 (,lY.llD1'(n100:( 9XlAD130IJ U.L
0191.'"0 <\D1<1,l,\\:l]Olitn llJY. i\01 1\f!)\'DJ.:O Mll1 lDX Alllilll.li/X
1o1 um;>to ill3onx]I[OlnY. ow'} 161 rto1 U"'(JOllV
MJlJA toll )1:\H lOll.tiftJYJJJ,J1\INtO mQ\lB H 'MllW11\flllQ M'll Ltoroop:t:ono
llw o"'(9\'l m:oqtlom rtoll '(ou)(l.liJy)ill(x'Jn o.r) ffrJ:J ;}IJ.L DQ'Jil.uilt,ba ...U1
JDLtOQ'! )[\H llOl l.JI,Il)liO l)lli 9161 rtOl ltflWJ'(ct> ll.l 'LIO?Q
o\DD;:tOllXiX 1!0no mri 30 1101! 'D!3X101D Dri)30 91<
11.011\0319 OW "AJJTilll.l'QX JX]J ;\OJ.: 'l)ri(L30 9XlW1Al\:lOO
44. H NT!Jt'\'TVOT rwv E(,}y(min( Workers' Dreadnought)-
flymve oro :\ovNvo a:tl) ro Magtn rou19J4 w; tov Iot'VTJ tou 1924 atx(!L
tov IOl)i.n tot 1917 Exb\.001av tov Woman's Drelldnoughc. 'YonQ<t
CLil) rn 1918 Egycmxri:; IooLai..tonxri; O[.Loon:ovMw; yi-
wnn 6gyavo mtri; rn:; OQ';'UV(L)<HJ:;.
45. ,\4anchester Guardian (Mnvrawu!_)wvo; !J>Jj).wm')-
i..E1fiEQ1J EtflJ!-lf!.?ilxl. u;t6 U'((ALxt; uonxt:; E(j)lll.lf!.?lbe:; l.lf ti]Y mo J.lE-
ycH.n xw).oq:ol}lu Y.uL lb!;)tfll]xE w 1821 oav E((1J!-lfi}L-
6u (U::rO TO 185 7 pyu[ VH Y.UEll]j.lf(llVU). 2:ta rrl}tilta XQUYLU UITO Tl]V
O;miJj3!,1LUvi} oouwi..wnxli E.:mvO:oraun n i..( ';'ll-;tol.t avn-
rnv r,mamaorJ ntn P(l)o(u agy(rtf{l<l va tnv
F. Lit\.
46. IT(l6xrmn na w uvrF:ravHonmY.6 :r(xtl;Lx6rrnlta rnc aonxl]:;
XUL t<!lV tOLq: ALX(t/i(l)V TOV A Hll' 191 7. ITO I' xa&l()l]yOJ)(lf 0 UV<imno:;
i'iWLXl]ti}:; toll OTQUlOU, 0 Kogv()..oq:. Ot 011\'Wj.lOW; fla-
OHV UXOITll toll; VU i!.UtctAuj3ouv t11Y IIEt(!OliJ[O)..l1, VU 01'\'l(llljJOUV 10
JLIOI.oEj3lxLxo va 6taf.LIOO\'V ta LOBLEt, va Ot(!UtlW-
nzi] OtKtaTOI)LU mn )(OjQU :.-.m va =t!;)Onoq.u:tootrv tTJV j.lO

To (!Q)(L<lf ott; 25 TOI' (7 tot! Imtt!!BQTJ), 0
Koevll.o((' :.tlVl)m: r.w'!vtta orrrv flrt(JOfiJroi,Tl to 1n mi}JHL LJrmxo\1. ItTJV [tna
t11V Ilngo'imoAn 10l)tCiCovwv '(La r.xlli}AW01] Ol XOQVLA()(plxf.<; rt\'lf:tava-
omnxt,; ogynwilOr t;.
I I r.:.-.i'\Jii,oxn]tO IJ Ko(wiloo:r i'.aw .. <vl yl]xr. rut6tol'; rgy<'m; xm touc;; aytx'l
n:;, tol'c; o:orolou; xa8o6nym)ot TO XO!!i!U rwv !ffiOAOEj)(xwv. KO:tw ruto rnv
rr[EU!J t(I)V 11 Jl!;JOOWQLvri avay;iotnxr vu Byui.EL6Lawyi)
'(lU HJ UtAAl]ljJTJ TOll ZUL lWV OlJVEVll)(WV XUL va tou; ::IUQU
ITE!.tljJEL Of biXYJ,
4 7. ITQ6xr.mn '(I.('( TTJ mgannmxO-JLOW!QXLXli avmgorrli, yw to l.ry6j.lE-
vo ::rl:)(tl;txonwn toll Ku::r>, rrm rytvr arr6 TIJV yr.gi!avtxli
Ot(XltOX(.Xltta. ITQal;txo;ni!!ato; l]mvm j.lOVUQXLXOl-o toL-
q:hxa:; Ka.Jt XUL Ol OltXltrrtol AOlNt\'lO(J<p. I EXt XUL t\Oiltj3L t;. 0L OUV<llj.lO
rrrv avutQO:TTJ i!E rnv oi..oqx'.!Vf(!TJ avoxri
nxri; Lttc; 13 rou Mttetn1920, m OtQUtnyoi xlVTJ-
uuv tvavtta oto OTQUnwnza Wrii!UTa zm, )J.11 BQloxovra:; u\'ll
umcn1 CL-r6 TIJV xi)Qusuv Ut(l<ltLWnxi) 6tztatoQla. Ot EQy6.w; tn:;
r ewavlw; CLiavtnoav Oll]V avmgonli w UJtEQYiU. Kcnw CIJtO tllV ;t(E-
011 rou :rgGi..nagtO:TOu ll xl.'j3f.QV1101J tov Krm t.-rwe on; 17 tott Magw OtTI"
C;avaJii,!tav m aoow/.i'iiJJlOX(!atr:;.
48. Y."r08f071 NT!Jft(['UV<; :IQOj3oXUTOQlXT) blx Tl JtOU ogyav,l0Qn-"E TO 1894
a.."to uvnbgaonxou<;-j.lovagxtxo,:.o; rno; argamxga-
tla; tvavna UTOV lc.j}gu[o 0' vuv tO\J yal.ktXOV ff-
VlXOU E.."tVtfl,ft01', 1-tf tT)V yfirHXT) lltTl'(OQlU TTJ:; XU'W(J){OJTlW; Xm tT); f(JXCt-
t.T); ilf:!OOooiac;:. H 0.'16 TlJV otgatoxgatla xam-
blxn TOll NtQf'Lq:Ol!C or OfOj.lt't, XQTJOlj.lO:tOtlj()T)Y. rut6 10\JS avnllgtt-
onxm)c; tT[c; yta TT)V 1!:100(11Jf.LOT) TOV UVTLOT)j.llTLOtJ.OU XUL
'{ut rnv r;rl()ron vavna om <'>n!!oxgcmx6 ;wl.ltEUj.la xm on; OTJ!!OXQ<:mxt:;
To 1898, 6mv Ol OOOltif.LotE:; xm Ot :IQOJTO:IUQOl Exrr(?UowJtot TTJS
aonxlj:; tour; m .!:<.. ZoliJ., Z. Zogtc;:, A.ll>guv; xm (!)..
Am) agxtoav XUft.."tavLu '{ut tnv ovuOEWQTJOIJ T11S Oixn<; 11 v:r60f-
IHJ XU0uQU ;tllAl HXO XOQ<!XtitQil X<tL XlilQLOf tll Xltl(!O. Of. OllO Ot(!O.-
tumbu: tJtou:; QffiOtlt.."tt.LXCi.vOll; xm ot011S: 1\T)j.lOl!.gQW;:;, IL"t(l TT) )llU )lf.QLU,
XUL OTO OliVUOJHO)lO TWV j.lOVU(IXtY.\ilV, Til IV Xl.t]Qll!.O<pQOVILlV, Tt:IV UVTlOTJ!!l-
TtlJV XCll T(I)V f(lvtXLOTtll\', O."tt'l Tl]V ai.lct]. To 1899, Y.<'1T<II a. "to tT[V :tlfOt] TTJS XOL-
vljc;: '{VIil)lT);, 0 !\t(ll\<jXm; rut/.ntf:lrptiJtlt]Y.' TO 1906, 1J. aJtO<paOT) TOU avo8E-
UIQT)TlXOlJ llLll()TTJQLOl!, 0 :'>It (IE llfOU; KT)QlJX8T)Xf a8tiloc;: xm U.."tOXatUOtU01l
Xf. otO OTllUTO.
49. H KOX"IlLVTJ 2.'mwia (Vie Rote rahne)- rqTtJ.ltQLOO rrou t.bQ1)0T)""E CL"tl'l
wv K. Aift.."txwxt xm 111 P. ouv KEvtQlit6 'OQy<rvo rnc: 'F.vw-
orJ; wv UQYl'lTf.QU {yL\'f. Kr.vtgLx6 'C)Qyavo tm: KO!!)to\Nton-
xo\ lTJ<; ff(lltavirt<;. H fqJt])lf.Qi&t 010 Bq,>oA.l VO rut() ns 9
mu :--Jo)1('\Qn 1918 mavr.t1.1l!!ltva moBal.komv oE btwyj.loi; zm rutayo-
Qf.l!or.L; rmo )!fQOI'<; ntlV '(f.Qj.l(!VLXIDV UQXIilV.
II r.q:n)tr.glila Die Rote Fahne btaiJ;E g6A.o OTl'JV ;ru/..n ytu TTJ !!E-
mtgo;ri) 101.1 Koj.lj.lOuvwuxou KO!l!!to:; TTJS: ot JtQoA.r-
taQLaxo EJIUVUOTallif.O XOtJ.j.lU xm '(lU llJV fXif.U0UQWi) 'W11 U:tO ta O;tOQ-
TOUVlOTLXU OTOtXdO. H rq;mLQl&t m'tAEllr fVE(!YU fV(tVTLU O"tll otQUTlW!Li\0-
JtOlT)OT[ rn:; xliJga:;, moo6ruv tl'[:; ev6nna:; 6Qc:'ton:; rn:; EQyanxtj; n'tl;n;
OtT)v ;tUATJ EVUVTLO OtO qJUOWIJ.O. LTt]V Uf'1lJ.lQl&t
o n(IOEI\Qoc;: n; KE tm fQi!ftVl; E. TE'Ic-
ILav. y crtr.ga a. "to rnv r.yxaHWQI'Oll q;nownxlj:; btXtatoQla; OtT[ I'EQ!!ft
Vlrt n Die Rote Fahne rmayogE("tllXE, wJ.l'J. OUVfxlOE va iWgCtVOj.la, ;w.
/.r1Jovta:; rmo{f'(tmonxa Evavtw ow q--amotLx6 xa8wrw:;. i:m 1935, n Ex.
liOOTj tll:; Eq'T)j.l(Qiba:; !!El(l(j)Eg8t]Y.E OTTJV Ilg<'t'{a (l'orzooi.oj3o.x(a) UJtO TOV
Oxlli)Pgn TO'!! 1936 w; to q:QLvOltW[/ll lOU 1939 Exbt6Cmw on;
(HEI.yw).
50. Die Freiheit (H EAno{ifQia) -xr!OtJtJ.EQL\1[ f<pTJ)lf.(ll&t, 6Q"tnvo TOll Avr.-
l;aQtTfCOU L(lOlaAOlltJ.O)(Q(.lttY.OU K6ftfJ.atoc; tnc;: ff.Q)!rtVlac; t.j.{yam ato B(10-
/Jvo n:n'l n:; IS to\t !'lot.J.It)Qn 1918 t1>c; w; 30 tou LutTt).lj:lQll 1922.
51. Die Rote Fahne ( l I K6)(Xt WI 1:11f1a{a)- f.q:11J.lEQiilo, 'Ogyavo
rou K6f.!!.tmo;; A mtQlm:; wr6to
T01J 1918. ltl)V f(:lyatvr. toV tit).o Der Wedrof(To JI(!O-
oxJ.Tf<tWw) rmo ro IhCtQlJ tot: 1919 J.lf rov ritA.o Die Soziale Revoluuon! H
Kotwuvtxii E;ravaaraa11)' anotov Ioui.1J wu 19l9J.1f wv tltJ..o D1e Rote
Falme. To 19:B, 1J Die Rote Fahnt: avoyx.aot1]XE va ;TEQ{toEL OtlJV JtUQcrvoJ.Lla.
A:ro rov Atyo\'(ft:O rou 1945 j3yuivu l\E rov titl.o Ostcrreichische Volksstimme
(t\aixrj 41tiJY1j AtiOT(>i(t;) CI.:ro n; 21 tou 41/..QXiQJJ 1957
Volksstimme.
52 Io{Jt.Enxoi OwflOCfllMllwJv, nou tbQU-
tO <l>i!EjXlQT) tOl' 19181>L'lAO ota }:oj)ttr TWV qnat<ilV, 01(l<!TLWt<il'v,
ayQOt<iNKL 1920;tpoixu't'r. mtirrrlJ.Ia
tT):; xat<IQ'illOI'Jt; HllV O'UMO'(WV flWf,lO(f'UACtXWV, ytml OE rroUou:; <HIAI.Oy<m;;
xbtj) .<il61rttf tvtova 11 mlbf:!OUT) tuN amliJv btxl]"(OQWV. rrou (llcrmgti)M:>rvov
tt.; tlJ; oojkfnxi]<; blkovoJ.ll.ac;. txavav xaniXQfiOTI <n; Bi<nJo; rou;. Tov
0xnilt1Q11 lOU 1920, OL oulloyod.lfO!WIPUAaxolV 0wAU01JXaV,
53. M tlJV lm:6&ns1J tou R.I. 1\EvLv OE tairrow moxEi-
!.lfW lT)t; EQyaola; 0 ti(?UrrEpW/10;" JraLb,itrj a(l(XiJorUl tOV XOW.WINWIUJV,
lJ t'Xq'()(lOlJ o:Oi.J.avOOL avtLl'.ntamitSrpte JtHvtoU Jll'. tL:; At-
l;n:_; J.ItQlXU J,ltA1] lOU OllavbLKOl) KOtJ.Il.OWLOTtKoti K61l!!l0<;.