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Chap 010
Chap 010
Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following steps would NOT lead to variation of genetic material? A) crossing over of non-sister chromatids B) crossing over of sister chromatids C) the alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I D) the combination of sperm and egg genes. E) mutations Answer: B 2. Which of the following is NOT a difference between anaphase I and anaphase II? A) Each chromosome is composed of two chromatids in anaphase I and only one chromatid in anaphase II. B) Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell. C) Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II while homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I. D) The cell undergoing anaphase II is genetically different from from what it contained while undergoing anaphase I. E) All of these are true statements Answer: B 3. It could be said that males are able to provide gametes with more genetic diversity than females for reproduction. One main reason would be: A) Males provide more genes in sperm than females provide in eggs. B) Crossing over occurs more often in the formation of sperm than in eggs. C) Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg and three structures that contain genetic information that is lost when they disintegrate. D) Sperm that contain a recombination of genes are usually more successful in fertilizing an egg. E) All of these are possible contributors to genetic diversity. Answer: C
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36. If the above two chromosomes were to pair up in the early stages of cell division which phase below would be a correct choice for when this event occurs? A) Prophase of mitosis B) Prophase I of meiosis C) Anaphase II of meiosis D) Mitotic metaphase E) Metaphase II of meiosis Answer: B
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Essay Questions 39. Meiosis is crucial to the survival of sexually reproducing organisms because it not only maintains the proper chromosome number at fertilization, but it also allows for genetic diversity and adaptation. a. Describe how the events of meiosis insure that each new cell will have exactly one member of each pair of paternal chromosomes in the haploid cell. b. Describe the meiotic events that make genetic variation possible. Answer: a. Synapsis during prophase I allows homologous chromosomes to keep track of each other. Metaphase I and Anaphase I insure that only one chromosome in each tetrad goes into each of the two cells that result at the end of meiosis I. This creates proper haploid cells. Meiosis II insures that only one sister chromatid of each chromosome is allotted to each resulting egg or sperm. b. Synapsis allows an opportunity for crossing over which creates extreme variation in genetic combinations between two parental chromosomes. The random arrangement of tetrads during metaphas I allows for further variation among gametes. Synapsis is also the time when numerous types of mutations can result from improper crossing over. Answers could include: unequal crossing over, deletions, translocations, inversions, etc.
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