1

DFIG Doubly Fed Induction Generator

IGBT, Insulated Gate

Variable Speed Constant Frequency

Bipolar Transistors

VSCF,

VisuPro

GE
GE Wind Energy 1.5se
Converter IGBT

HUB

DFIG

DFIG
PWM
DFIG

GE 1.5se Converter IGBT

HUB

GE

1.5MW

GE
GE

1.5MW

GE
94

10

3
23

GE

GE

5/16~17

Salzbergen GE

5/19~23

GE 1.5MW

12

5/26~30

GE 1.5MW

12

6/02~03

GE 1.5MW

6/04~06

GE Wind Energy

6/09~11
6/12~14

Converter
Salzbergen

1998
(

)
2004

215

2010

215.9

2007
121
5.5

2,700

20.37
13.7

4
4

2000

300

2002
200

300MW

2007

91

60

23

50
2000kW E70
4

ENERCON

200
VESTAS
2

660kW V47
VESTAS

1750kW V66

WWEA World Wind Energy Association

19,696 MW
2006

25.6 %

93,849 MW
4%

2.1
WWEA

170,000 MW

2.2
6

2010

2007
26.6 %

2007

5,216MW
3,313MW

127.5

2.3

2006

2007
GE

3000

3,515MW

2008

1.5MW

GE

2008

2007

20~30%

(
(

)
)

(
(

)
)

660kW

VESTAS V47

1500kW

3
3
20

GE 1.5se

2000kW

4
18

2000kW

2000kW

23

VESTAS V80
(
)

2000kW

15

VESTAS V80
(95.4.14
)

2000kW
2000kW

14
6

VESTAS V80
(96.10.17
)

2000kW
2000kW
2000kW

8
8
2

VESTAS V80
(97.1.29
)

2000kW
2000kW
850kW

10
2
8

850kW
2000kW
2000kW
2000kW
2000kW
2000kW
2000kW
2000kW

6
1
4
3
4
3
6
5

Harakosan Z70
Zephyros
)
GAMESA G80

1.5~2.5MW
3.0~6.0MW
VSCF Variable Speed Constant Frequency
0

ENERCON
8

(
ENERCON

2.4)

660KW E40

2000KW E70

Full
Converter
INVERTER

22
2000KW
(

Harakosan
GE

60Hz

Zephyros
2.5xl

2.5)
10

2500KW

Z70

INVERTER

23
G80
1.5se

Vestas V80

60Hz

2000KW

2000KW

26

1500KW

(
(

25~30%

11

2.6)

Gamesae
GE

2.6

12

(Doubly-Fed Induction Generator,

DFIG)
Line side

Rotor side

20~30%
30%
10

DFIG
DFIG

PWM
(
)

) : (1)

(2)
: (3)
2.7

2.8

Ps

DFIG

13

(4)
Pg

DFIG

Pg

Ps
s Ps

(1- s) Ps
Gear
box

DFIG

Pg

Ps
1+
Gear
box

GE 1.5se
(wound rotor)
PWM

Ps

Ps

DFIG

(slip rings) (

2.9
2.10)

(Converter)
GE1.5se
1200
(rpm)
800
1600 rpm
60Hz
14m/s
1440 rpm
20%~30%
AC-DC-AC

AC-DC-AC

1500KW
Gearless

Type
97%
1

(Over-synchronous mode)
75%
(Synchronous mode)
100%
14

GE 1.5se

25%

(Sub-synchronous mode)
100%
5~10%

2.9

GE 1.5se

2.10
15

) DFIG
2.11

2.11
n1
nr
Pole

n2
f1 f2

n1 = n2 + nr
n1=(120 f1) / P

n2=(120 f2) / P

(120 f1) / P = (120 f2) / P + nr

f1 = f2 + (P nr)/120
nr
f2

f1

Pr = s Ps
Pg = Ps - Pr
s = (ns nr) / ns
s
ns

Ps

Pg

f2 = 0

Pr
PWM

f2 > 0

s>0

Pr > 0

PWM

f2 < 0

s<0

Pr < 0

PWM

s=0

Pr = 0

PWM

2.12 GE 1.5se DFIG

PWM
PWM

2.13

16

GE 1.5se DFIG

Pg

Pr

2.12

GE 1.5se DFIG

17

Ps

2.13

20

-12 -20

0.33

-0.2 -0.33

GE 1.5se DFIG

2.14

GE 1.5se
18

2.15

TOP BOX

PPM

GE 1.5se

HUB

PLC

PLC

PLC

Slip ring
transformer
Pitch
Controller

Converter
2.16

GE 1.5se

PLC
19

) PWM
GE 1.5se
IGBT
CAN Bus Bachmann PLC
DSP
DSP
FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)

Main Controller
CAN_bus

2.14
tms320vc33 150 MHz

DSP
2.16 GE 1.5se
(Ethernet)
(Rotor Slip Ring)

FPGA

2.15

GE 1.5se

PLC
Nacelle Controller
(HUB)
Pitch Controller

) DFIG

1972
Vector Control

Blaschke
d-q

DFIG

DFIG

PWM
DFIG
DFIG
Q
d-q

PI

PWM
2

PWM
Q
Decoupling

IGBT

/
PWM
PWM
20

PWM

PI
PI
PWM
S<0
PWM

21

GE 1.5se

22

(
18

3
NACELLE HUB

(BRAKE PISTON (
TOWER
YAW
BLADE
52
3.2
(

(YAW BEARING)
/
6
18
14.5

HUB
1.

2.

dg44o Grease(

YAW
/
2.5mm

12

6
18

(
3.
4.

12
100Nm

300

5.

23

24

BRAKE PISTON

BRAKE PISTON

BRAKE PISTON

25

DG44o Grease

BRAKE PISTON

(
BEARING(

BRAKE PISTON(
BEARING ( )

BRAKE PISTON

YAW

)
26

YAW

(Flexable Coupler) (
6
12

1.

8 m/s
71

2.

/
4.12
4.14

3.
4.
4.13
5.

4.14

(Skew)

(Offset)

1mm

6.

4.15

4.16~4.17
(Skew)
(Offset)

1mm
(Skew)

7.
(Offset)

1mm

27

28

29

30

GE 1.5se

23RPM

1600RPM

TOP BOX
90

PLC

90
2

Valves

Hydraulic Brake System

Motor & Pump
Accumulator
Pressure Switch
Brake Pad
45 Bar
BSAK 3000

621 Bar
PU10-0003

4.18
Solenoid
4.19
80~68 Bar
Svendborg Brakes

1.
2.
3.

1mm

4.

2.7mm

5.

31

6.

32

33

34

35

GE 1.5se Converter IGBT

(IGBT)
GE 1.5se

Converter

Converter

Converter

IGBT

Converter

400A

Converter

800A GE 1.5se CONVERTER

IGBT

Converter
2

4.26

4.27

IGBT
IGBT

Converter

Converter

1.

OFF

Lock
enclosure

2.

20

DC Link

50V
3.

5/8 in (17mm) wrench

4.

I/O enclosure
CCFU3-2

5.
6.

I/O enclosure
DC Fuses

CCFU1-2 &

DC Link

5/8 in (17mm) wrench

DC Link

TBD

Converter enclosure

Bus

IGBT
1.
2.
3.

IGBT

IGBT

IGBT

4.

5.

IGBT

IGBT

(1) 1K +/- 20

4.29)

4.30)

4.27
(

4.28)

IGBT

4.31)
(Line converter

IGBT

IGBT

P1 - 3 to P1 - 4
P1 - 5 to P1 - 6
36

500 +/- 10

( Rotor converter

P2 - 3 to P2 - 4
P2 - 5 to P2 6
(2) 334 +/- 7

P5 1 to P5 3
P6 1 to P6 3
(3) 4.7K (RTD) (50

= 9K,104

= 2.9K):

P1 7 to P1 8
(4)

DVM (20M Scale)

OPEN

Phase A + to Phase A AC
Phase A to Phase A AC
Phase B + to Phase B AC
OPEN
Phase A + to P5-1
Phase B + to P5-1
Phase C + to P5-1
OPEN
Phase A AC to P6-1
Phase B AC to P6-1
Phase C AC to P6-1
6.

IGBT
IGBT

IGBT
IGBT

IGBT

37

LVMD

DC link
Line
Converter
IGBT

Line filter

Line Reactor

DC link

MA
Converter
Rotor Reactor

Rotor
Converter
IGBT

Line filter

LVMD

4.26

GE 1.5se CONVERTER
I/O enclosure

5.

5/8 in (17mm) wrench

Converter enclosure

DC Link
6.

DC Link

Bus

IGBT

4.27

Bus

38

4.28

IGBT

4.29
39

4.30

IGBT

4.31

IGBT
40

HUB
Salzbergen GE
3 1.5MW
2008

2.5MW
2.5MW
1.5MW 2.5MW
GE
60
1.5MW
2.5MW

System
20
Converter
GE

GE

GE
1.5MW

2.5MW

GE

HUB
Pitch
Converter
Pitch System
Pitch System
Pitch System

pitch controller PLC

4.32
Salzbergen
HUB
1.5MW
4.34
HUB
HUB

Motion Controller
2.5MW

41

4.33
HUB
4.35

4.32

Salzbergen

4.33

HUB
42

4.34

4.35

HUB

HUB

43

4.36 GE

Salzbergen

4.37 GE

Salzbergen
44

GE
3000

2008

1.5MW

GE

2008

2007

3449MW

20~30%
2010

2011

2012
240GW

1.5MW

45

46