) (

.
2006

.
:

.

1.1

2.1

3.1

4.1

10

5.1

10

6.1

11

7.1

12

8.1

16

9.1

16

10.1

17

11.1

20

22

1.2

25

2.2

27

3.2

28

1.3.2

29

2.3.2

33

4.2

35

1.4.2

35

2.4.2

37

3.4.2

39

5.2

40

 6.2

40

1.6.2 )(

41

2.6.2

41

7.2

42

1.7.2

43

2.7.2

45

8.2

47

9.2

52

10.2

56

11.2

58

12.2

60

13.2

60

63

1.3

64

1.1.3

68

2.1.3

69

2.3

70

1.2.3

72

2.2.3

73

3.2.3

74

4.2.3

76

3.3

77

1.3.3

82

4.3

84

1.4.3

85

88

1.4 :

89

2.4

90

3.4

98

1.3.4

99

 1.1.3.4

100

2.1.3.4

101

4.4 )(

102

1.4.4

104

2.4.4

105

5.4

109

1.5.4

110

2.5.4

111

6.4

116

7.4

119

8.4

121

124

1.5

125

2.5

127

3.5

128

1.3.5

129

2.3.5

132

4.5

134

1.4.5

135

2.4.5

140

5.5

142

6.5

152

7.5

153

156

1.6

158

1.1.6

159

1.1.1.6

159

2.1.1.6

161

2.1.6

163

1.2.1.6

163

 2.2.1.6

167

169

181

1
2

181
182

183

189

190

191

195

196


) (

.
""
.
.


.

. :
.


. .
.

 .
.

.
" "

.



.
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.


.
.

.

.

.

 :


.

1.1
2.1
3.1
4.1
5.1
6.1
7.1
8.1
9.1
10.1
11.1



1.1 Preface

.



.



.

.


.

.
.

2

 .
.
.

.
"" .

.

.
.

.
.

.

.
Information Space Era


.
)( .Virtual Learning
3

 )(

Distance

Learning
.
Multimedia
3D Virtual Reality

. On-line discussing
Interactive dialogue
.
.

Internet
.
e-mail Chatting News Groups
Data Base .

Learning Portal
.
.Computer-Aided Teaching
1Webct
.2WebCAT

1

)http://www.webct.com/
( 2. .
- - -
)http://www.ituarabic.org/E-Education/Doc24-SuezCanalUniv.doc.(25/7/2005
.

 .

.
.
Virtual Universities
e-Learning
.On-line Learning


Continuation Learning Training
.Learning Environment
)(

Virtual

) Learning Environment(VLE Traditional Learning

) Environment(TLE Learning Resources
:

Virtual Library
Virtual Laboratory
e-book

Virtual Teacher

Virtual Learner

Virtual Classroom

White Board

.
5

 Synchronous
Learning Asynchronous Learning
.
Virtual Groups
.

.
.
)(
Sustainable Development .

.
)(
Knowledge Society
Knowledge gap Digital gap
Knowledge Economy Knowledge-
.based Economy

.



. -
.
6


.
-

.
2.1 The problem of study

.
.

.
:
.

.

.

.
.

.
.
7







) .(1998/4/21-17
Self-Paced
Learning .

.
.

.

.

22-20 2005
1 .


)(
( 1 : . .
/ .4-1 2005


.
.
.
)(
:
)(

)(
3.1 The hypothesis of study
)( Multiple
Hypothesis .
:
)(

)(
.
)(
.
9

 4.1 Objective of study

:
)(
.
)( .
.
5.1 Importance of study


)( .
.

.


.

.

.

10

 )( .

.
)(
.

.
6.1 Limits of study
)(
.
)(
:
:


.

.
.
.

.

11

 :
2005 .
.
.
7.1 Terms of study
:Electronic Education :

.
.
)( :Virtual Learning


.
:Distance Learning
.

:Online learning
.

:Self-based Learning
.

( 1 : .: .2002 383

12

 :Continuation Learning

.
) ":(communication )
( ".

:Communication Technology
.
:Chat

.
:Information Technology


.

:Internet
.TCP/IP

:Multimedia
.

( 1 : . .2 : .1998 . 57
( 2 : " " "
17-16 : 1423 2002 1
3
) Vince.John: Introduction to Virtual Reality. London ; New York: Springer. 2004. P 146
4
) Ibid. P.147

13

 :Simulation
.
:Computer-Aided Teaching Programs
.

Webct .WebCAT
:Learning Portal
.
:Information Society
.
:Virtual Society
.
) :(Knowledge Society
.

) :(Knowledge gap
.

) :(Digital gap
.

( 1
( 2
)http://www.acpss.ahram.org.eg/2001/1/1/WEEK429.HTM(26/6/2005
( 3
)http://www.alkotla.com/details.asp?id=968(28/6/2005

14

 ) :(Knowledge Economy .

.

) : (Knowledge-based Economy
) ( .

:Virtual Reality

3
3D .

:Interactive Learning

.

:Synchronous Learning
.
.

:Asynchronous Learning
.
.

( 1
( 2
) Vince.John: OP.Cit. P. 150

( 4 : .
)http://www.mans.edu.eg/centers/english/We7da1/Virtual1.htm(22/6/2005
5
)) http://www.edunet.tn/ressources/ntic/sophie_f/sophie13.htm(24/6/2005
6
))http://www.ibtikar.ac.ma/arabe_n/project/CATT(25/6/2005
7
))http://www.ituarabic.org/E-Education/Doc9-Palestine-ppt.pp(25/6/2005

15

 )( ) :(Virtual Learning Environment

.
:Virtual University
.
.
8.1 Methodology
.


.
.
.
9.1 Mediums of study
)(

. :
:Observation Structured

.

16

 :Interview
.

.
10.1 Literature of study
)(
.

.
. :
: :

.

.
" " .1
.
: :

)(
.
( 1 : .

17

 . )
(1999 " " 1.
. )(1998
" " 2
.
) (Coveney &Highfield, 1995
) (Text

.
) ( (Bill Gates, Myerfold Nathan, Peter
) Renderson" " .3

. ) (Information Superhighway
.
:

.

)( . (John Vince, 2004) 2004"
" " 4"Introduction to Virtual Reality
(1 : ..1 :
1999 .
(2 : . .1 : .
.1998
(3 . : ) ( . : .
) .(231 : .1998.
4
) Vince.John: OP.Cit

18


.
"" .

.

)( . )
1423( " : " .1
.
.
.

.http://www.SVUonline.org :
: :

"





"
) (Nasru Fathiyeh, 1993
" 2"Preliminary Vision of a Palestinian Education System
.
.

( 1 : :.. .. .. ) .
. 1423/8/17-16 . (
)http://www.ksu.edu.sa/seminars/future-school/Papers/AbdullahEtergyPaper.rtf(30/6/2005
2
) Nasru, Fathiyeh: Preliminary Vision of a Palestinian education System. Birzeit: Birzeit
University. Nov. 1993.

19

 .


. .
: :


.
) (2003 " .
" .1 .
.


.
11.1 Sections of study
:
: :
.
: )( :
)(
.
( 1 : . . :
.2003 .

20

 . )( .
.
: :
:
.
: :
.
)(
)(
)( .
: :
.
)(
.
.
: : .

)(
.

21

1.2
2.2
3.2
1.3.2
2.3.2
4.2
1.4.2
2.4.2
3.4.2
5.2
6.2
1.6.2 )(
2.6.2
7.2
1.7.2
2.7.2
8.2
9.2
10.2
11.2
12.2
13.2

22




.
.
.
)(.
)( .Distance Learning
.



.

1.
)(

.

)(
Computers
Internet Multimedia e-Search Engine
( 1 , : ..22
( 2 .
)http://www.albayan.co.ae/albayan/2002/05/18/mhl/30.htm(26/6/2005

23

 e-Libraries
1.
.

.
)(

.
. / 2005
" "
350 .
:

2.

/ 1997 .1998

.
.

.

( 1 : .
( 2 .

24

 1.
) : (.

1.2
"" " "Virtual
3.
.
.


.
)(
. "
" .

4. " "
) (Virtual Reality

Multimedia ) (3D

( 1 : .. ..! ) : .
/17-16 .1423/(.
(http.//www.ksu.edu.sa/seminars/futur-school/Papers/AlMuhaisin1Paper.rtf(30/5/2005
( 2 : .
http://www.almughtarib.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1637&Itemid=64
)(15/3/2006
3
) Vince.John: OP.Cit. P 3
( 4 : .

25

" "
"" "
" " "
) (Educational Technology .
" "
" "
" " )(
"
.

" "

" "
.
" "Virtual " "

:
" " )(
.
.

( 1 . .
)http://www.mans.edu.eg/centers/udc/arabic/We7da/Virtual1.htm(30/6/2005
( 2 : .
( 3 : .
)http:// www.al-jazirah.com.sa/digimag/07032004/cartoon51.htm(30/7/2006

26




.

)( .
2.2



.

2.
:

-1 .
-2

.

( 1 : . : .1998 .39
( 2 . .
)http://www.najah.edu/arabic/conferences/IT/8.htm(26/1/2006
( 3 : .

27

 -3
.
-4
.
-5
.
3.2 :Virtual Learning Environment
.
) (Dabbagh, 2000) (2000 :

-1 ) :(Online Learning
.
-2 ) :(Blended Learning

. .
-3 ) :(Enhanced Learning

.


( 1 .
/ -
. 10-8 . 2005
)http://www.amanjordan.org/aman_studies/wmview.php?ArtID=984(14/3/2006

28

1.3.2

.

. :
.1 Virtual Teacher

Video-Conference
.


.
.

.
)http://arabcampus.org/VLE/page_6.htm(6/1/2006
( 1
: .
. :
)http://www.makphys.com/vb3/showthread.php?t=454(23/5/2006
Holography
( 2 .
)http://www.khayma.com/education-technology/m11.htm(6/1/2006

29

 .2 Virtual Classroom


.
Virtual Teacher
Virtual Learner White Board Educational
Content Educational Aids
.


1 .

:

) (1 : .
) (2 :
.
) (3 :
.
) (4 :
.

)Classes.htmhttp://www.ituedu.ca/arabic/VUCvirtual.(23/6/2005
( 1 .
( 2 .
)http://www.ituarabic.org/E-Education/Doc9-Palestine.doc(9/1/2006

30


.
Presentations .
Video & Audio Text
Chat Application Sharing File
.Transfer Power Point Slides
Video Clips .Sycn. Web Page

Ban User Clear Talk Print Option
.Lecture Recording

.
.
.

() ,(Online
) Synchronous

.Asynchronous

.3 Virtual Laboratory

( 1
.
( 2
( 3 .
)http://www.mans.edu.eg/centers/udc/arabic/We7da1/Virtual1.htm (23/6/2005

)Classes.htmhttp://www.ituedu.ca/arabic/VUCvirtual.(23/6/2005

31

 .
:
:Simulation-based laboratories
.
:Realistic laboratories Remote real-laboratories access
Virtual tele-presence
systems
.



.
.4 Virtual Library

.
" :
.

32

 " 1.


.

:
.
.
(CD
3.

.
2.3.2
)(
:

:Delivery of materials

.

( 1 .
http://informatics.gov.sa/magazine/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=50
)(9/1/2006
( 2 .
)http://www.al-jazirah.com.sa/digimag/10042005/gadeia29.htm (9/1/2006
( 3 . .
)http://arabcampus.org/VLE/page_11.htm (9/1/2006
( 4 .

33

 :Reducing the cost of the materials

.
:Availability anywhere & anytime


.
:Collaboration & Communication :

.
.
:Active Engagement


.
:Community of Learners

. )(
) (Wenger, 1998) (1999 .
)(
34

 .
:Assessing Progress
)(


- .
4.2 )(
)( .

.
1.4.2 )(

)(
)( .
.


.

35

)(
.



.

.



.

.

.

.

( 1 : .
)http://www.kku.edu.sa/ELearning/ELearning/Default.asp(13/3/2006
( 2 .
)http://www.albayan.co.ae/albayan2002/05/18/mhl/30.htm(26/6/2005

36

 2.4.2
:
.
:
:
. .
.

.
: Virtual Learning Environment
.

.
Virtual Universities


.

:
.
.

(1

)http://www.damascus-online.com/48/opinion/svu/virtual_uni2.htm (24/6/2005

37

)(
.
. ) (
) (Edjar Dale Cone of Experience

.

:Exams
.


.

:Assessment
.
.

.
.

.
1

)Chin,Paul.Vertual learning environment. Published by the Learning and Teaching Support

&Network (LSTN).Physical Science Centre.
)www.physsci.ltsn.ac.uk/Publications /PracticeGuide/guide4.pdf(21/6/2005
( 2 . . : 1999 . 53-51
3
)) http://www.svuonline.org/sy/eng/resources/faq.asp(20/6/2005
4
)) www.physsci.ltsn.ac.uk/Publications/ PracticeGuide/guide4.pdf.(21/6/2005

38

 1
2.

.

.
3.4.2
Open Learning
.


. :

.
3.
4.


.
.
.
( 1 . ). (3-3
)http://www.ao-university.org/ga12hs3a.htm(31/5/2005
( 2 . .
( 3 . ..1 : .1986. 27-26
( 4 , : .22

39

 5.2

1.

.
) ( .

2.

3.

.

6.2 )(

.

.
.

( 1 : . 59
( 2 . . ..1: .1999. 44 -41
( 3 : . . :
.1968 . .156
)http://www.elearning.iugaza.ed/(29/12/2005
( 4 .
)http://www.pr.sv.net/svw/2004/july/there1.htm.(25/6/2005
( 5

40

 1.6.2 )( )Synchronous (Online

- .1

.

.


.



.

.
.

2.6.2 Asynchronous

.

))http://www.pr.sv.nwt/svw/2004/augest/stage1.htm(25/6/2005
))http://www.e-education.ca/etvu/VirtualClassroom.htm (20/6/2005

41

 .
)( .

.

2

.
7.2 )(

.


3.


.

. )(
.
1

))http://www.pr.sv.nwt/svw/2004/augest/stage1.htm(20/6/2005
http://www.ao-university.org/ga12hs3a.htm(20/6/2005).
( 2
( 3 : . 1 : .
.2003 .384-383 : : . :
.1977 . 151-150
( 4 : . : 1996. 46

. : . : .1987 .
7

42

 .


.

Growth Industry 1. )(

. :
.

.
.

.
1.7.2 )(



3. )(

( 1 )( : . : .1986 ..11
( 2 , .: . 385
( 3 : . .106

43

 .
)(

:
)(
1

.


2.
3.

.

.

(1 : 24 . .2004
http://www.svuonline.org/sy/archive/news/arabic/07-2004/24-07-2004-albayan.asp
)(31/12/2005
( 2 : . .
. .1 : .1974 . 144
( 3 . .
. : .2001
)http:// www.itu.org.eg/9thmeeting/doc5sodatelpaper.doc(18/1/2006

44



.
)(
.

)(

.

2.7.2 )(


.

.
.
:

:


.
( 1
)http://www.alriyadh.com/Contents/21-02-2004/Mainpage/Thkafa_10412.php(26/1/2006
( 2 .
( 3 : . 386 -385

45



.
. )(

.
.
.
:

.


.
.

.


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.
.
46

 :

.

.

.
.

.

.

.
8.2 )(

.
: .
.

) Richmond, W. Kenneth: The concept of educational technology. London: Weidenfeld and

Nicolson. 1970 . P.243

47


.
.

.
.
.

.

.

)(

.

.

.
- -

( 1 : . .205 ":
."2000-1980 21 1980: .8-7
( 2 : .184 .

48

 1.

.
.


.
.


.

)(

.

.

.

)(

( 1 : . : .1977 . 141
( 2 : . .
http: www.moe.gov.jo/dera/dera16.pps(29/1/2006).
2004/3/25-23 .
(3 : . .
. .1 : .1974 . .175

49

)(

)(
.
: "
" 2.
.


3
.

. %50
5.
( 1 : .
( 2 : . :
.1985 . .97

). (98-94
( 3 : . : .1999. 84
( 4 : . .32
( 5 : .
)http://www.arabcin.net/arabic/5nadweh/pivot_2/education_gate2.htm(19/1/2006

50


1
.
)(



.
:

.

.

.


.

( 1
)http://www.alriyadh.com/contects/21-02-2004/Mainpage/Thkafa_10412.php(26/1/2006
( 2 : . - :
.
)http://www.metransparent.com/texts/Badran_arab_democraty.htm(15/1/2006

51


.
:
.
.

1.


2.
.
.

.
4
.

9.2


( 1 . 334
( 2 : . . : ..17
( 3 : . 298-297
( 4 : .
)http://www.ituarabic.org/E-Education/Doc13-Alo-Ahram.doc(2/6/2005
( 5 : ..177

52

 .
:
. :

.

Technology
Convergence

3.

.

.

.
""
.

( 1 : . .1 : .
.2004 294
http://www.ibn-rushd.org/forum/GlobalA.htm.
( 2 .
( 3 . . . :
.2002..334.
( 4 : . : .1999. 243

( "
" . : . .
http://www.ibn-rushd.org/forum/GlobalA.htm

53

 1.

2.
:

. . .
.
4. .


.

.

( ( 1 : . . : .
.147
( 2 : .
)http://www.ituarabic.org/E-Education/Doc13-Alo-Ahram.doc(2/6/2005
( 3 : .. . 26
)http://www.26sep.net/nprint.php?=7090(23/1/2006
29 : .2005
( 4 : . .127

54

 .

1.
)(


2. ) (Philip H. (1968
) Coombs, 1968 "
"


.

)(

.



.

.

( 1 : . .218
( 2 : 335-334 .
( 3 : . 202
( 4 . . . 335-334 .

55


Modernization of learning process


1 .

.
10.2

.


.

.
.
:
.1
.
.

( 1 : . .
)http: www.moe.gov.jo/dera/dera16.pps(29/1/2006
2004/3/25-23 .
( 2 : .
http://www.almughtarib.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1637&Itemid=64
)(15/3/2006

56

 .2 :
.
.


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.

.3 :

.
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.4 2:
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57

 .7 :

.
.8 :
.
.9 :

.

.10
2.
.

11.2

:
)( " "
.

( 1 .
)http://www.uks.ae/archive/news/arabic/05-2002/18-05-2002-bayan.asp(26/6/2005
( 2 . 24 . .2002
)http://www.damascus-online.com/48/opinion/svu/nadwa.htm(21/12/2005
( 3 : .
http://www.almughtarib.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1637&Itemid=64
)(15/3/2006

58


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.
.
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( 1 , . . . .299 : : .
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59

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 135
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 -2
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-3
.

62



1.3
1.1.3
2.1.3
2.3
1.2.3
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3.2.3
4.2.3
3.3
1.3.3
4.3
1.4.3

63




)(
.
Communication Channels .
Informative

.

.
.
:
.
.
1.3 :Computer


( 1 : . .4 : .1999 . -371
372

64

 1

.

.

.

2.



.

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.

)Chauhan, S.S: Innovations in Teaching Learning Process. New Delhi: Vikass publishing
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.
.


1.
1994
.Buddy System 80
Modem

.2003
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.

.

:

) Morrison, Gary R. & Lowther, Deborah L.: Integrating Computer Technology into the
Classroom.3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson/Merrill/Prentice Hall. 2005.PP.3-4
( 2 : .
)http://www.arabrenewal.com/index.php?rd=AI&AI0=3092(29/1/2006

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 :
.

1.
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:
. ) (Individualized Instruction
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:

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:) (1 .
) (2
.

( 1 : . 77
( 2 " " . . 1425 /37.
)http://www.titmag.net.ye/modulesphp?name=News&file=print&sid=256(13/11/2005
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1972

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1973

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1978

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1971

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1984

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1977

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1991

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1991

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www.zababdeh-school.ps

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182

http://www.zajel.edu.ps

(3)

( )
A.T Still University
Academy of
Educational Science
and Technology
American Sentinel
University
American
Intercontinental
University
Andrew Jackson
University
Anthem College
Ashford University
Aspen University
Bellevue University

www.atsu.edu
www.academyjo.com
www.americansentinel.edu
www.aiuonline.edu
www.aju.edu
www.anthemcollege.com

( )

www.ashford.edu

www.aspen.edu

www.bellevue.edu

Benedictine University

www.ben.edu

Boston University

www.bu.edu

Bryant & Stratton

College

www.bryantstratton.edu

California Coast
University

www.calcoast.edu

Capella University

www.capella.edu

Cardean University

www.cardean.edu

CEI Online

ceionline.edu

City University

www.cityu.edu

Clayton College of
Natural Health

www.ccnh.edu
183

Cleveland Institute of
Electronics
Coleman College
Colorado Technical
University Online
Concord Law School
Concordia University
Irvine
Cornell Electronic
University
Crown College
Deaconess College of
Nursing
Devry University
Duquesne University
e-Learning Technology
Compus
e-Learning and
Training Center
Eastern Kentucky
University
University eCornell
ECPI College of
Technology
Educates University
Everest College
Fern Studien Schweiz

www.cie-wc.edu
http://www.coleman.edu
www.coloradotech.edu
www.concord.kaplan.edu
www. cui.edu
www.eCornell.com
www.crown.edu
www.deaconess.edu
www.devry.edu
www.duq.edu
www.e-education.ca/etvu/
www.elearning.gotevot.edn.sa
www.eku.edu
www.ilr.cornell.edu
www.ecpi.edu
www.educatis.com
www.everest-college.com
www.fernuni.ch
184

Fielding Graduate
University

www.fielding.edu/

FILIERES
UNIVERSITAIRES

www.cred.vsnet .ch

Florida Atlantic
University
Florida Hospital
College of Health
Sciences
Florida Institute of
Technology

www.fau.edu
www.fhchs.edu
www.fit.edu

Florida National
College

www.fnc.edu

Florida Metropolitan
University(FMU)

www.fmu.edu

Gonzaga University

www.gonzaga.edu

Grand Canyon
University
Grantham University
Herzing College

www.gcu.net

www.herzing.edu

www. iia-online.com

International Virtual
University(U.K)

www.abahe.co.uk

IWU Online

www.grantham.edu

Indiana Business
College
Indiana State
University
International Institute
of the Americas

ITT Technical Institute

www.ibcschools.edu

www.indstate.edu

www.itt-tech.edu
www.iwuonline.com
185


Jacksonville University
Jones College
Jones International
University
Kaplan University
Keiser College
Keller Graduate School

www.ju.edu
www.jones.edu
www.jonesinternational.edu
www.kaplan.edu
www.keisercollege.edu
www.devry.edu/keller/

Kennedy-western
University

www.kw.edu

LeTourneau University

www.letu.edu/

Lootah International
University
Loyola University New
Orleans
Maryland- University
College
Minnesota School of
Business
Mountain State
University

www.walu.lootah.com
www.loyno.edu
www.umuc.edu
www.msbcollege.edu
www.mountainstate.edu

National American
University

www.national.edu

Norwich University

www.norwich.edu

Pacific Western
University

www. Pwu-ca.edu

Park University

www.park.edu

Phoenix University
Portland State
University

www.phoenix.edu

http://www.pdx.edu

186


Rasmussen College

www.rasmussen.edu

Regis University

www.regisonline.org

Robert Kennedy
College
Saint Leo University

www.saintleo.edu

Southern New
Hampshire University

www.snhu.edu

www.college.ch

Stonecliffe College
Online

www. Stonecliffecollege.com

Strayer University

www.strayer.edu

Syrian Virtual
University
The Art Institute online

www.svuonline.org
www.aionline.edu

The College Network

www.college-net.com

school Thunderbird

www.thunderbird.edu

Tiffin University

www.tiffin.edu

Tulane University

www.tulane.edu

Umass Online
University Alliance
University of
Advancing Technology

www.umassonline.net
www.universityalliance.com
www.uat.edu

University of
Cincinnati
University of Denver
University College

www.universitycollege.du.edu

University of Houston
Clear Lake

www.uhcl.edu

www.uc.edu

187

University of Liverpool

www.liv.ac.uk

University of Mary

www.umary.edu

University of Maryland
Baltimore County

www.umbc.edu

University of North
Alabama
University of Notre
Dame
University of
Oklahoma
University of Scranton
Upper Iowa University
Utica College

www.una.edu

www.nd.edu

www.ou.edu

www.scranton.edu

www.uiu.edu

www.utica.edu

Vanderbilt University

www.vanderbilt.edu

Villanova University

www.villanova.edu

Swiss Virtual Compus

www.virtualcampus.ch

Virginia College

www.vc.edu

Virtual University
College

www.ituedu.ca/arabic

Walden University

www.waldenu.edu

West Virginia
University
Western Governors
University
Western International
University
Westwood College
Online

www.wvu.edu
www.wgu.edu
www.wintu.edu
www.westwoodonline.edu

188

(4)

.
http://193.49.43.3/dif/3D_crystals.html
http://amber.rc.arizona.edu
http://vrml.sgi.com/cafe/
http://www.3dweb.com/
http://www.aereal.com/instant/
http://www.austin.ibm.com/vrml/
http://www.aw.agi.com/
http://www.cgrg.ohio-state.edu/
http://www.cosmosoftware.com/
http://www.emptiness.org/vr/vr-resources.html
http://www.cypertown.com/
http://www.hash.com/
http://www.immersive.com/
http://www.itl.nist.gov/div894/ovrt/OVRThome.html
http://www.landform.com/landform.html
http://www.macromedia.com/
http://www.micrografx.com/simply3d/
http://www.mindworkshop.com/alchemy/alchemy.html
http://www.mpic-tueb.mpg.de/projects/-vrtueb/vrtueb.html
http://www.multigen.com/
http://www.neuro.sfc.keio.ac.jp/~aly/polygon/vrml/ika/
http://www.ocnus.com/models
http://www.paradigmsim.com/
http://www.photomodeler.com/
http://www.realimation.com/
http://www.sense8.com/
http://www.sgi.com
http://www.virtus.com/index.html
http://www.vrmlsite.com/
http://www.worlds.net/
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http://www.antycip.com
http://www.aveva.com
http://www.blueberry3d.com
http://www.bdi.com
http://www.deespona.com
http://www.division.com
http://www.dreamalitytechnologies.com
http://www.elumens.com
http://www.essentialreality.com
http://www.es.com
http://www.fakespase.com
http://www.hitl.washington.edu
http://www.hypervision.co.uk
http://www.immersion.com
http://www.infinite-detail.com
http://www.lakedsp.com
http://www.motionanalysis.com
http://www.nvidia.com
http://www.ptc.com
http://www.polhemas.com
http://www.pyramidsystem.com
http://www.realitywave.com
http://www.sense8.com
http://www.sgi.com
http://www.spacetec.com
http://www.steriographics.com
http://www.transom.com
http://www.trimension-inc.com
http://www.viewpoint.com
http://www.vrweb.com
http://www.virtualresearch.com
http://www.vr-centre.com
Source: Vince, John. Introduction to Virtual Reality. London: Springer. 2004. P.158159

190

 )(6

Active Engagement

Application Sharing

Assessment

Asynchronous Learning

Audio

Augmented Reality
Backbone

Bandwidth

Binocular Omni-Orientation
Monitor
Blended learning

Buddy System

Cave Automatic Virtual

Environment
Chat

Client

Cluster search

Collaboration & Communication

Community of Learners

Communication

Communication Channels

Computer-Aided design

Computer-aided teaching

Concept search

Co-operative Learning

Cone of Experience
191

Continuation Learning
Credit Hours

Cyper Glove

Data Base

Digital gab

Digital library

Distance Learning

Distance Learning Internet

E-book

Educational aids

Educational content

Educational technology

Educational Video Clips

E Learning

E Library

E Mail

Enhanced learning
E -Search engine

File Transfer

Gate of Gnostic Space

Hardware

Head-mounted display

Immersive

Individual Learning
Information Space Era

Information Superhighway

Information Technology

Informative

Interactive discussing
192

Interactive Learning

Internet

Internet Service Provider(ISP)

Knowledge Economy

Knowledge gab

Knowledge Society

Knowledge-based Economy

Learning Portal

Learning Resources

Magic Book

Modem

Modernization of learning process

Monitor
Multimedia

News Group

Next Generation Internet (NGI)

Online discussing

( )

Online Learning

Open Learning

Presentation

Personal Learning

Power Point Slides

Physical Reality

Quality Of Service

Realistic laboratories

Simulation

Simulation-based laboratories

Software

Source of information
193

Stereo-devices

Sustainable Development

Synchronous Learning

Technical Support
Convergence Technology

Three Dimensions(3D)

Three Dimensions pointer

Traditional Learning Environment

Video
Video Conference

Virtual Classroom

Virtual Group

Virtual Image

Virtual Laboratory
Virtual Learner

Virtual Learning

Virtual Learning Environment

Virtual Library

Virtual Reality

( )

Virtual Society

Virtual Teacher

Virtual tele-presence systems

Virtual University

Webct /Webcat

White board(e-board)

( )

World Wide Web(www)

194

 )(7

http://www.e-education.ca/etvu/Certificates.htm :

195

 )(8

Digital
Payment
System

Firewall

...

Database
server

mirror
server

Virtual Classroom

Backbone

www.kaau.edu.sa/dvworkshop/ppt/DVWorkshop-Mon2.1.12.ppt :

196

An-Najah National University

Faculty of Graduate Studies

Horizons of Palestinian Virtual Learning and its role in

political development
(Toward Palestinian Virtual University)

Prepared by
Farouk Hasan Mohammad Sharaf

Supervised by
Professor Abdul Sattar Kassem

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master

of Political Planning and Development Program, Faculty of Graduate Studies,
at An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
a

2006
Horizons of Palestinian Virtual Learning and its role in political
development
(Toward Palestinian Virtual University)
Prepared by
Farouk Hasan Mohammad Sharaf
Supervised by
Professor Abdul Sattar Kassem

Abstract
This study is a prospective vision about the Palestinian Virtual Learning
(PVL), and its role in political development, whereas learning is a main
basic of development. The study also provides ahead look toward
Palestinian Virtual University (PVU). Virtual learning has become a
widespread type of learning nowadays, as a result of the revolutions of
technology, information and communication.
The term "virtual" is an imaginary in the sense, that the thing is unreal. It is
however, concept that not many people know about. This leads to a
problematic in understanding its reality; a real or unreal learning. For that,
this study explained clearly its concept.
Virtual learning is the delivery of educational lessons using any of the
technologies included in the expanded virtual realty, by employing
information and communication technologies to deliver instruction. Virtual
learning is a term frequently used interchangeably with distance learning,
online learning, e-learning, or web-based learning
b

Virtual learning has its own environment (VLE), which is differs about the
traditional learning environment (TLE). Pro forma simulates it with
learning elements, which are physical in TLE, but virtual in VLE.
Economically, virtual learning is a type of knowledge economy, uses some
industrial sector fundamentals. It is multi shape, multi benefits investment
field. The economical feasibility of it proceeds from his ability to
overcome the failure of traditional learning, and its affirmative returns on
investment. Virtual learning associated with the sustainable development
as an affective factor in underdeveloped countries.
There is direct relation between virtual learning and the active
globalization movement. For this, underdeveloped countries faces political
and educational challenges, this must guide it to modernize its learning
process, and employ virtual learning system in learning process within total
visible to guard itself by globalization opportunities over against its risks.
There is an exigent Palestinian need beyond apply virtual learning. Twin
main reasons pushed toward this. First: Palestinian privy. Second: benefits
of virtual learning for the Palestinian society.
Palestinian Virtual learning visible has occurred in the electronic learning
initiative, and the serious steps in this field as: The National Palestinian
Strategy

for

Information

Technology

and

communication,

and

environmental preparation, which contains a group of evolutionary actions.

Palestinian privy and the benefits of Palestinian virtual learning led to
c

motion for establish a Palestinian Virtual University (PVU). This motion

stands to many motives which empowered it as suitable direct action to
face the difficulties which oppose the learning process.
The most important result of the study is the great Palestinian need toward
virtual learning and virtual university, which belongs to global and inward
reasons.
There are many Palestinian considerations to apply virtual learning mode,
some of it are: The Israeli pursue for learning process, the achieved
benefits to oppose the increasingly social demand for higher education,
communicate with scattered Palestinian people, attract Palestinian
qualification widespread around the world, and overcoming on traditional
learning potentials.