A Year in Sri Lanka

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t&S i f 0 d o m&'?&r m 0wD ?
Email: Visarada.ven@gmail.com
Ph: 09 731 89248
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Acknowledgement
I am ever grateful to:
1. Ven Dr Vicitta, the Abbot of Jayamangala
Buddhist Vihara in Singapore, Malaysia and
Myanmar, for encouraging me to further my
education in Sri Lanka, rendering me much
support and guidance throughout. Without
which, I would be not be inspired to produce
this book.
2. Melissa Ang, the President of Jayamangala
Buddhist Vihara, who encouraged me in
numerous ways towards my education
progress in Sri Lanka, and sponsorship of
this book.
3. Ven Vannasami (Dhammacariya, MA) and Ven
Pannyavuda (Dhammacariya), my good
Dhammamittas, for their good advice and
assistance whenever possible.
ASHIN VISARADA (Rammavati)
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a&G;cs,fwifajrmufxm;onfh em,uq&mawmf 4 yg;rSm ...
1/ em,uq&mawmf OD;ol&d,(rGefjynfe,f)
2/ em,uq&mawmf OD;acrmpm&(&Srf;jynfe,f)
3/ em,uq&mawmf OD;t*0Ho(azmif;jyif)
4/ em,uq&mawmf OD;puygv(jrif;rl)wdkY jzpfygonf/)
aeYvnf 11;00 em&Dxdk;aomtcg qGrf;pm;ausmif;rS tcsufay;

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Zmwfvdkufausmfrsm; jzpfcJhMuavonf/
aeYqGrf;pm;jyD;aomtcg oli,fcsif;wpfyg;u (New Comer) tcef;odYk
vdkufydkY tdyf,mae&mjyoay;ygonf/ New Comer-tcef;qdkonfrSm pmoif
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rSefyg\/ ruk#m&mrausmif;wdkufBuD;onf oD&dvuFma&muf jrefrm
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rdcifrsm;yrm r[mruk#m&mr ausmif;awmfBuD;onfvnf; ta&;udpt
wGuf
tawmfyif cHpm;&&Smayvdrfhrnfom/
New Comer rsm;tcef; raeYurS raeYwpfaeYurS qdkovdk topf
topfa&mufa&mufvmMuonfh &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh tawmfyifpnfum;aeav
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wem;MuD; &Gwfqdknnf;wGm;vdkufavonf .../
ndKrY iId ;f &,fa0

wdkhwdkif;ajy jrefrmvdk [kwfaybk?
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bJ vGr;f csifovdk vGr;f ydik cf iG hf &SMd uacsonf r[kwyf gavmh/ rnfoq
Ykd akd p xdak eYu
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rsm;udk aumif;pGm wdkufpm;EdkifcJhMuavonf/
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H \ OD;aqmifrjI zifh oD&v
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rMumrD abmyifESifhwHqdyfwHk;udk wpfygwnf;,l jyefxGufvmav&m &Sdcdk;OD;cs
Mu&avonf/
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h Ykd Religious Residence Visa
avQmufxm; r&EdkifbJ Student Visa om avQmufxm;&Edkifrnf qdkojzifh
ausmif;oGif;&ef pDrHMu&avonf/
aemufwpfaeYwiG f University of Kelaniya \ Affiliated Institute wpfck
jzpfaom Post Graduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies (PGIPd uFmodYk <ua&muf
BS) ausmif;oGi;f Muavonf/ ae&m aemiftcg oD&v
ynmavhvmqnf;yl;Murnfh nDawmfaemifawmfrsm;twGuf auved,wuov
kd f
ESifhywfoufaomtcsuftvufrsm;udk tusOf;rQazmfjyoifhonf xifyg\/
1875 ckEpS f wnfaxmifcahJ om 0d'smvuFm&pmoifwu

kd f Vidyalankara
Parivena onf auved,wuodkvfBuD;\ rlvtpyif jzpfawmh\/
(y&da0P=Parivena qdkaompum;onf y&0kPfae&mudk nTef;qdkaompum;
jzpf\/ ]0d'smvuFm&pmoifwdkufy&0kPf}udkqdkvdkonf[k ,lq&ygonf/)
pmoifwu
kd Bf uD;onf Edik if \
H vGwv
f yfa&;Ed;I aqmfoEH iS t
hf wl tqifjh rifh
d;k &mpmayrsm;udk pwifoifMum;ay;cJ&h m ordik ;f 0iftrsKd ;om;pifwmBuD; ESpcf t
k euf
wpfckvnf; jzpf\/ 1959 ckESpfwGif 0d'smvuFm&wuodkvftjzpf &yfwnfEdkif
vmcJjh yD; 1972 wGif University of Ceylon\wuov
kd cf w
JG pfct
k jzpfoYkd a&muf
&Sv
d mcJah vonf/ xdaYk emuf 1978 odYk a&mufaomtcg University of Kelaniya
tjzpfodkY wdk;wufajymif;vJvmcJhNyD; EdkifiH\ ta&;ygaom wuodkvfBuD;wpfck
tjzpfodkY a&muf&SdcJhavonf/
,aeYwGif yifrauved,wuodkvfBuD;tjyif Affiliated Institutes
rsm;tjzpf 1/ Post Graduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies
2/ Post Graduate Institute of Archaeology
3/ Grampaha Wikramarachchi Ayuveda Institute
wdkYudk wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfydkYcsay;vsuf &Sdavonf/
xdkwGif pma&;olwdkY ausmif;oGm;oGif;aeMuonfh Post Graduade Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies taMumif;t>rufrQudk auved,
wuodkvf0ufqdk'f pmrsufESm (http://www.kln.ac.lk/uok/inde_.php/institutes) atmufygtwdkif; csD;usL;a&;om;xm;onfudk awGUEdkifayonf/
Postgraduate Institute of Pali & Buddhist Studies
Sri Lanka is considered as a blessed land for protection and
preserving Buddhism. Hence it is called as "Center of Theravada
Buddhism". The Postgraduate Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies
was established as a centre of learning for the Theravada Buddhism
through research and Buddhist scholarship.
xdkwuodkvf ...
1/
Post Graduate Diploma Course

(One year: 4 Examination Papers plus 3000-words essay)
2/
Master of Arts Degree Course

(One year: 6 Examination Papers plus 5000-words essay)
3/
Master of Philosophy
(Two year: Dissertation 2 written Papers and Viva Voce Examination)
4/
Doctor of Philosophy (Three years: Thesis with Viva Voce
Examination) [l twef; 4 rsdK; cGJjcm;owfrSwfydkYcsay;\/

xdkwGif pma&;olwdkY jrefrmausmif;om;&[ef;awmftrsm;pkonf (2) eHygwfjy
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twef;udk wufa&mufeikd &f ef twGuv
f t
kd yfaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk tenf;
i,f ajymjyvdkygao;onf/
jrefrm&[ef;awmfrsm;taejzifh (2)eHygwfjy MA wef;udk wufa&mufEdkif

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omoemhwuodkvf? oDw*lAk'wuodkvf? om"kAk'wuodkvf ponf
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udkvnf; ygVdbmomESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD;om;[k owfrSwfygonf/)
2/ xdyk *k Kd vfrsm;taejzifh oufqikd &f m atmifvufrw
S rf &l if;-rdwL bmom
jyef(Notary) ywfpydpYk rf w
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ciftxd wufa&mufcGifhavQmufxm;EdkifMuygonf/
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(Library Fee) Sri Lanka Rupee-1000? rSwfyHkwifaMu; (Register Fee)
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wGif ausmif;tyfEo
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pwifausmif;wufMu&NyD; 'DZifbmvwGif pmar;yGJajzqdkMu&ygonf/ (yQrf;rQ
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ausmif;om;jzpfaMumif;axmufcpH m(recommendation Letter)wpfapmif a&;om;
ay;yg&ef 'gdkufwmxH avQmufvTmwpfapmif oD;oefYwifMu&ygonf/ aemuf
3 &ufcefYtMumwGif vdktyfaomtcsuftvufrsm;jynfhpHkjyDjzpf Immigration

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rsm;tzdYk rvGrJ a&Smifom BuHKawGU&NrJjzpfonfh 0gqd&k efae&m&SmazGjcif;vkyif ef;udk
aqmif&GufMu&ayOD;rnf/ odkYaomfudpr&Sdyg? pma&;olwGif q&mawmf OD;"r0H
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Term umvonf wuov
wufa&mufoifMum;cGifh&&ef owfrSwfxm;jcif;jzpfonf[k xifrdygonf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf First Term ukefvQif r,lrae&(Compulsory)
bmom&yfrsm;jzpfonfh (1) ME 39: Source Studies, (2)ME 39: Research
Methodology, (3) ME 39: Logical Reasoning, (4) ME 01: Buddhist
Doctrines of the Pali Nikayas: Analysis and Interpretation, (5) ME
35: Theyravada Tradition: A Historical and Doctrinal Study
wdkYrSwpfyg;
usefaombmom&yf 5 ck jzpfonfh(1) ME 27: Social Dimension of Buddhism, (2) ME 09: The Buddhist Vinaya and the Monastic Organization, (3) Origins of Mahayana and the Earliest Mahayana Sutras, (4)
ME 23: Buddhist Art and Architecture-II (Sri Lanka), (5) ME 26: Bud-
dhist Psychotherapy
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jzpfygonf/
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S x
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ausmif;pwifwufMu&onfhxdkaeYu (1) Social Dimension of Buddhism,
(2) The Buddhist Vinaya and the Monastic Organization, (3) Origins
of Mahayana and the Earliest Mahayana Sutras
[laombmom&yfo;kH rsdK;
udk pwifavhvmcGifh &&SdMuygonf/
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wdk;wufyGm;rsm;vmcJhaMumif;} ponfjzifh ol\bmom&yfudk rdwfqufaqG;aEG;
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Origins of Mahayana and the Earliest Mahayana Sutras q&mu
rl bmawGukd aqG;aEG;oGm;rSe;f aocsmrodvu
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Social Dimension
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wpfzufrS wifpD;umqdkvmonfh ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;Edkif&eftwGuf rdrd od&Sd
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Buddhist Psychotherapy
[lonf
qufvufNyD; Prof Sumanapala udk,fwdkif
ydkYcsaom Buddhist Psychotherapy bm
om&yfEiS hf rdwq
f ufay;vdyk gonf/ Psychotherapy [laom pum;&yfonf taemuf
wdkif;aq;ynm\tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpf
aom Psychic [laompum;rS qif;ouf
Prof. Dr. G .D . Sumanapala
vmaMumif; od&ygonf/ 4if; Psychic qdk
onfrmS ]..of the soul or mind}[laomzGiq
hf ckd suft& pdw0f d mPfEiS hf ywfouf
aom(t&m)rsdK;udkvnf;aumif;?]Person apparently, or claiming to be, responsive occult powers} [laom zGifhqdkcsuft& vQdKU0SufeufeJonfh wefcdk;
pGrf;tifudk Mum;cHaqmifMuOf;ay;ol(ewf0ifonf)rsm;udkvnf; aumif;&nfnTef;
aomaMumifh pdwfa&m*gudk pdwfynmenf;jzifhukorItwwfynmudk ]Psychok ikd af vonf/ xdaYk Mumifh wefc;kd yg0gwpfrsdK;rsdK;&So
d nf[k xif
therapy} [k ac:qdE
&aom tdyaf rGUcstwwfynm (Hypnosis)? pdwcf si;f qufo,
G af ppm;jcif; twwf
ynm(Telepathy) ponfwo
Ykd nfrsuaf rSmufacwftaemufwikd ;f pdwyf nmavmu
vlodrsm;xif&Sm;vsuf &Sdavonf/
od&Yk mwGif xdt
k yd af rGUcsjcif;? pdwcf si;f qufo,
G af ppm;jcif; paom ynm&yf
wdkYonf wefcdk;yg0gqefqefjzpf&Sdaeojzifh omrefvlrIb0 kef;uefvIyf&Sm;ae&
olrsm;tzd&Yk mrSm vufawGUusio
hf ;kH &ef tvSr;f a0;uGmvsu&f adS eqJyif jzpfavonf/
Ak'bk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfwdkif toHk;jyKawmfrlcJhaom pdwfynmukxHk;wdkYonfum;
wefc;kd yg0g rqefvo
S uJo
h Ykd vlomrefwyYkd if vufawGUusio
hf ;kH ukoay;Edik af umif;
aom ukx;kH wdo
Yk m jzpfavonf/ xdo
k v
Ykd o
l mrefwyYkd if vufawGUusio
hf ;kH ukoay;
Edik pf rG ;f aom Ak'\
pdwyf nmukx;kH wdu
Yk kd aESmif;acwfA'k b
mom pmayynm&Sirf sm;
u Ak'w&m;awmfrsm;xJrS &SmazGxkwfEkwf avhvmusifhoHk;vmcJhMuavonf/
aemufydkif;wGif xdkAk'\ pdwfynmukorIqdkif&menf;pepfrsm;onf Buddhist
Psychotherapy [laomtrnfjzifh txl;jyKbmom&yfwpfcktjzpfodkY a&muf&Sd
cJhavonf/
Ak'b
momwd\
hk pdwaf &m*gukx;kH rsm;
xdk Buddhist Psychotherapy enf;vrf;rsm;xJrS tcsdKUudk ae&m rdwq
f uf
ay;&ef&nf&,
G yf gonf/ a&S;OD;pGm Ak'b
momtvdt
k & ]pdwaf &m*g}[lonf rnfoYkd
aom taetxm;rsdK;rsm;udkac:qdkonfudk od&Sdem;vnfxm;oifhMuygonf/
tMurf;zsif;tm;jzifh y#dporkrg'fa'oemawmf a[mawmfrlxm;aom aomu
(pdk;&drfaMumifhMu&jcif;= Sorrow, grief)? y&da'0(idka<u;jrnfwrf;&jcif;= Lamentation, wailing)? 'ku(qif;&Jyifyef;&jcif;= Suffering, pain)? a'gre
(pdwfESvHk; rom,mjcif; = Displeasure,melancholy, dejection)? Oyg,mo
(pdwEf v
S ;kH jyif;pGmylyefjcif; = Tribulation, desperation) ponfrsm;udk pdwaf &m*g
(Mental disorders)rsm;tjzpf owfrSwfygonf/
pdwaf &m*gjzpfjcif;\ t&if;cHtaMumif;rsm;tjzpf avmb (wpfpw
kH pfcu
k kd
kH pfa,mufukd trsuf
wyfrufarmjcif;= greed,covetousness)? a'go (wpfpw
xGurf ek ;f wD;jcif;= anger)? arm[(rdu
k rf aJ wGa0jcif;= delusion)wdu
Yk kd owfrw
S f
ygonf/ pdwaf &m*gudk ukoay;rnfo
h rl sm;taejzifh a&m*gonfwYkd bmudyk aJ jymajym
qefu
Y sib
f uf rjyKrd&ef txl;ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ OD;pGm olwaYkd jymorQukd onf;cH
em;axmif ....
(1) olwdkYtvdkudk vdkuf wkyajymqdkjcif; (Imitation)

(2) &if;&if;ESD;ESD; ajymqdkjcif; (Friendly Talk)
(3) wdwfqdwfpGm aexdkifjcif; (Noble Silence)
(4) a,bkbk,stm;jzifh jzpfwwfaom oabmrQomjzpfonf[k em;vnf
apjcif; (To be known as a Generalization)
paom enf;vrf;rsm;xJrS oifhavsmfaom enf;vrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKum olwdkY\
pdwaf &m*grsm;udk avsmhyg;oufomapMu&rnf jzpfygonf/ xdaYk emufwiG rf S pdwf
udkMunfvifNidrfoufaponfh oifhavsmf&m orxenf;vrf;? pdwfa&m*gjzpfjcif;
\ yifrtaMumif;rsm;jzpfonfh avmba'goarm[wdu
Yk kd acszsuf&ef taumif;
qHk;pepfjzpfonfh 0dyemenf;vrf;wdkYudk usifhoHk;apMu&rnf jzpfygonf/
q&mMuD;onf Buddhist Psychotherapy \ oabmobm0udk uyd
v0wfjynfol udoma*gwrD0wKudk axmufjy &Sif;jyay;ygonf/ trsm;odMu
onft
h wdik ;f udoma*gwrD[o
l nf txnfBuD;ysufoal X;o;D wpfO;D jzpfNyD; ol\
a&S;ukodkvfaMumifhyif (uHt[kefukefqHk;ojzifh a&TwHk;a&TcJtjzpfrS rD;aoG;cJrsm;
tjzpf ajymif;vJomG ;ojzifh qif;&JomG ;Mu&Smoloal X;BuD; rdom;wpfpt
k m; rD;aoG;
cJtjzpfrSonf a&TwHk;a&TcJrsm; jyefjzpfatmif pGrf;aqmifay;EdkifcJhojzifh) olaX;
acR;rtjzpf vlcsrf;omb0udk jyefvnf&&Sdxm;oluav; jzpfayonf/
udoma*gwrDonf u,fwif&Sifuav;tjzpf olaX;rdom;pkwpfckvHk;\
cspfcifav;pm;tm;xm;jcif;cHcJh&onfu odyf rMumjrifhvS/ oabmqdk;aom
a,murrde;f rolaMumifh pdwq
f if;&JrrI sm;ESiBhf uHKcJ&h jyefavonf/ od&Yk mwGif udom
a*gwrDonfom;OD;a,muFsm;uav;udk arG;zGm;ay;EdkifcJhonfhtwGuf olaX;BuD;
rdom;pk\ wefzdk;xm;jrwfEdk;jcif;udk jyefvnfcH,l&&SdcJhjyefavonf/
avmu"Honf um&Hoifph mG a&;pDxm;onfh uAsmwpuJo
h u
Ykd m; r[kwcf /hJ
wDww
D mwmpum;jzifh csppf &maumif;vSaom olr\wefz;kd udk jrifw
h ufapcJah om
om;uav;onf EIwq
f ufpum;yif rqdEk ikd &f mS bJ kww
f &uf aoqH;k cJah vonf/
udoma*gwrD\ tylrD;um;BuD;rm;vSacs\/ om;aoonfudkaoNyD[l trSef
twdkif;vufcHEdkifpGrf; r&SdcJh/ om;aoudkydkuf aq;ukoay;Edkifrnfholudk idkBuD;
csufrjzifh vdkufvH&SmazGaecJhavonf/
ae&mtvsO;f oif
h aojcif;udv
k ufrcHEikd cf o
hJ nfh pma&;ol\ ud,
k af wGU
udv
k nf; Mum;nSyaf zmfjyvdyk gao;onf/ pma&;olwYkd i,fpOfu rdcif&if;ESirhf jcm;
0ifxu
G o
f mG ;vm cspfcif&if;ES;D cJo
h nfh 'umrBuD;wpfa,muf&cdS yhJ gonf/ pma&;ol
&SifomraPjzpfNyD;aemuf rawGU&bJ (3)ESpfausmfcefYtMum &efukefrSm aq;vm
uk&if; qH;k onf[Mk um;od&ojzifh aq;Ho
k v
Ykd u
kd o
f mG ;cJyh gonf/ xdrk S omauw?
v,f&GmokomefodkY udk,fwdkifyifvdkufygydkYaqmifay;cJhNyD; olr\tavmif;udk

rD;oN*K[fpufxJodkY xnfhvdkufonftxd apmifhMunfhaecJhrdygonf/ odkY&mwGif
wpfESpfausmfcefYMumjrifhonftxd xdk'umrBuD;aoNyDqdkonfudkum; vufrcH
EdkifcJhyg/ cspfcifolwpfOD;aoqHk;cJhvQif usef&pfolwdkY aomua&muf&onfrSm
oabmyifjzpfvdrfhrnf[k aemufydkif;wGifrS qifjcifrdcJh&ygonf/
udoma*gwrDtaMumif; jyefqufygrnf/ om;aoudkayGUum aq;q&m
vdu
k &f mS aeonfh udoma*gwrDuav;udk rSe&f mudk ajymwmyJqo
kd nfh vlpm;rsdK;wdYk
u toem;rzuf ]&l;aewmvm;? aoolujkd yef&iS af tmif b,fou
l ak y;Edik rf vJ}
qdak om pum;rsKd ;jzifh jypfwifarmif;rJMuonfvnf; &S\
d / ],Of,Ofuav;eJU&l;oGm;
&SmNy}D [k wD;wd;k pum;jzifh oem;aeMuolrsm;vnf;&S\
d / rnfoq
Ykd akd p udoma*gwrD
pdwaf &m*gjzpf&usdK;eyfygonf/ aemufq;kH wGif OygoumBuD;wpfO;D \ vrf;nTerf I
aMumifh om;uav;udk aq;ukay;Edkifrnfh avmuoHk;yg;\ twkr&Sdaom aq;
q&mBuD;jzpfonfh oAnKbk&m;&Sifudk &SmazGawGU&SdcJhavonf/
q&mBuD;onf ae&mta&mufwiG f bk&m;&Sit
f oH;k jyKawmfrcl ahJ om Psyf nf olaoudk
chotherapy enf;vrf;udk usepGm&Si;f vif;ajymjyygonf/ bk&m;&Sio
jyef&iS af tmifuo
k ay;Edik o
f nfh (avmuESiq
hf efu
Y sio
f nf)h wefc;kd &Sirf sKd ;um;r[kwcf /hJ
(pOf;pm;MunfhMuygrnf .../ arG;olwdkYom&Sd aoolwdkYr&SdcJhvSsif (odkYr[kwf)
aoolwikd ;f udk jyef&iS af tmif ukoay;Edik Mf uygvQif ouf&w
dS Ykd pm;ae0wftwGuf
urmavmurQjzifh rnforYkd Q vHak vmufEikd rf nfr[kwaf cs/) arG;zGm;jcif;(Zmwd)?
aoqHk;jcif;(r&P)taMumif;udk odol[lorQxuf txl;ojzifh tvGeftusL;
odjrifawmfral om bk&m;&Sio
f nf ]oifu
h av;taoudk b,foyYkd ifuo
k apumrl
jyef&Sif&maomtaMumif;r&Sd} [l pdwfa&m*gjzpfae&SmolESifh qefYusifbuf jyK
awmfrrlcJh/
om;tay: pGv
J rf;aeaom wPSmaMumifo
h m odpYk w
d af &m*g (aomu
y&da'0 ponf) jzpfae&&Smonfudk odawmfrlonfhwdkif xdk wPSmavmbudk
twif;y,fpGefYap&efvnf; BudK;pm;awmfrrlcJhyg/ om;aouav;udk ukoEdkif&ef
twGuf aq;wpfcv
k t
kd yfonf?vlraozl;onft
h rd f (aoolr&Szd ;l onfh rsKd ;&d;k wpfc)k
rS rken
f if;aphtenf;i,f &SmazGay;&efom apcdik ;f awmfrcl ahJ vonf/ enf;pepf
udkyif pdwfa&m*g&SifwdkY\tvdkudkvdkuf wkyajymqdkjcif; (Imitation) [k ac:&
avonf/
(a&SUwGifqufvuf&Sif;ygOD;rnf/)
&if;&if;ES;D ES;D ajymqdjk cif;(Friendly Talk)

&if;&if;ES;D ES;D ajymqdjk cif; (Friendly Talk) enf;pepftaMumif;udk tenf;i,frw
d q
f uf
ay;ygOD;rnf/ Friendly Talk pepfonfvnf; Imitation udyk if tajccHygonf/
pepfukd azmfneT ;f &eftwGuf yg&mZduPfygVdawmfvm&Sad om a0&OmykPm ;Mu;D ESihf
pum;ajymqdkawmfrlyHkudk tusOf;Hk; wifjyvdkygonf/ a0&OmykPm;MuD;onf
jrwfpmG bk&m;xuf touft&G,t
f m;jzifh tdrk if;BuD;&ifo
h jl zpf\/ bk&m;&Six
f yH g;odYk
olcsnf;uyfoGm;aomtcg touft&G,fBuD;&ifholrsm; &&Sdavh&Sdaom c&D;OD;BudK
qdjk cif;&Scd ;kd jcif; ponfh tkad oay;rIrsm;udk bk&m;&Six
f rH S &vdo
k v
l nf;jzpfayonf/
od&Yk mwGif bk&m;&Siu
f olUudk c&D;OD;BudKqdjk cif;&Scd ;kd jcif;ponf rjyKaomtcg
raMureyfjzifh oufMuD;wdt
Yk ay: c&D;OD; rBudKqdjk cif; &Srd cd;k jcif; ponhf tjyKtrl
wdkUonf roifhavsmfaMumif; jypfwifajymMum;avawmhonf/ bk&m;&Sifu wpf
avmuvHk; rdrd\ &Sdcdk;jcif;c&D;OD;BudKqdkjcif; ponfudk cH,lxdkufol[l wpfpHk
wpfa,mufrQr&Sad Mumif;? tu,f xdo
k o
Ykd m rdru
d jyKygrl xd&k cdS ;kd cH&ol c&D;OD;BudK
qdkcH&ol\ OD;acgif;onf jyKwfus&maMumif; jyefvnfrdefYawmfrlygonf/ (oDv
orm"dynmtm;jzifh MuD;jcif; (oDv*kPf orm"d*P
k f ynm*kP)f wdo
Yk nf touf
t&G,ftm;jzifh MuD;jcif; (0,0kkd*kPf)xuf omvGefaMumif; owdjyKoifhMuyg
onf/)
a0&OmykPm;MuD;um; rauseyf? ]t&Sifa*gwronf t&omuif;aom

oabm&Sd\} [k uJh&JUjyef\/ bk&m;&Sifu ]xdkodkY ajymvdkrl ajymEdkifaMumif;? rdrd
onf tm&Hkig;yg; om,mjcif;t&om (t0dZmwPSm)udk y,fNyD;aMumif;?
ykPm BuD; uJ&h UJ vdo
k nfo
h abmrsdK;[lum; r&Sad Mumif;}&if;&if;ES;D ES;D rdeaYf wmfr\
l /
ykPm ;BuD;u ]t&Siaf *gwronf oH;k aqmifjcif;r&S}d [k uJ&h UJ jyef\/ bk&m;
&Siu
f ]xdo
k aYkd jymvdrk l ajymEdik af Mumif;? rdro
d nf tmHik g;yg;wdYk (wPSmavmbjzif)h
oHk;aqmifjcif;udk y,fjyD;jzpfaMumif;? ykPm;BuD;&nf&G,faom oabmrsdK;um;
r&SdaMumif;} rdefUawmfrl\/
ykPm ;BuD;u ]t&Siaf *gwronf rjyKxdu
k [
f al om (tud&,
d 0g') t,l&dS
oljzpf\} [k uJh&JUjyef\/ bk&m;&Sifu ]xdkodkYajymvdkrl ajymEdkifaMumif;? rdrdonf
um,0pDraem-'kpkdufw&m;oHk;yg;? ,kwfnHhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk rjyK
xdu
k [
f k a[mavh&adS Mumif;? ykPm ;BuD;&nf&,
G af om oabmrsdK;um; r&Sad Mumif;}
rdefUawmfrl\/
ykPm;BuD;u ]t&Sifa*gwronf jzwftyf\[laom (Oap'0g') t,l&Sd
oljzpf\} [k uJh&JUjyef\/ bk&m;&Sifu ]xdkodkYajymvdkrl ajymEdkifaMumif;? rdrdonf
&m*? a'go? arm[ wdkYudk ,kwfnHhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk jzwftyf\[k
a[mawmfrlaMumif;? ykPm;BuD;&nf&G,faom oabmrsdK;um; r&SdaMumif;} rdefU
awmfrl\/
ykPm ;BuD;u ]t&Siaf *gwronf pufqyk jf cif;oabm&S\
d }[k uJ&h UJ jyef\/
bk&m;&Sifu ]xdkodkYajymvdkrlajymEdkifaMumif;? rdrdonf um,0pDraem-'kpkduf
w&m;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? ,kwfnHhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk jyKusifhjcif;udk
vnf;aumif; pufqyk af wmfral Mumif;? ykPm ;BuD;&nf&,
G af om oabmrsdK;um;
r&SdaMumif;} rdefUawmfrl\/
ykPm;BuD;u ]t&Sifa*gwronf zsufqD;wwf\} [k uJh&JUjyef\/ bk&m;
&Siu
f ]xdo
k aYkd jymvdrk l ajymEdik af Mumif;? rdro
d nf &m* a'go arm[-wdu
Yk zkd suf
qD;jcif;iSm a[mawmfral Mumif;? ,kwn
f ahH omtukov
kd w
f &m;wdu
Yk kd zsuq
f ;D jcif;iSg
a[mawmfrlaMumif;? ykPm;BuD;&nf&G,faom oabmrsdK;um; r&SdaMumif;}
rdefYawmfrl\/
ykPm ;BuD;u ]t&Siaf *gwronf ylyefapwwfaom oabm&S\
d }[k uJ&h UJ
jyef\/ bk&m;&Sifu ]xdkodkY ajymvdkrlajymEdkifaMumif;? um,0pDraem-'kpkduf
w&m;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;? ,kwfnHhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudkvnf;aumif;?
ylyefapwwfaomw&m;wdkY[l a[mawmfrlaMumif;? xdkodkYaom 'kpkdufw&m;
,kwfnHhaom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk y,fNyD;aom topfwzefusL;vGefjcif;

r&Sdawmhaomoludk ('kpkduf tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk) ylyefapwwfaomol[l
a[mawmfrlaMumif;? rdrdonf xdk'kpkduftukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk tNyD;wdkify,fNyD;
jzpfaMumif;? topfwzefjzpfay:apjcif; oabmvnf;r&Sad wmhatmif jyKNyD;NyD jzpf
aMumif;? ykPm;BuD;&nf&G,faom oabmrsdK;um; r&SdaMumif;} rdefUawmfrl\/
ae&m bk&m;&Siaf jyma[mawmfryl u
kH kd Ak'b
mom0ifrsm;taejzifh tav;
teufxm;um enf;,lxu
kd v
f \
S / pifppf Buddhist Psychotherapy enf;pepf
t& ...
(1) todnmPfrzGUHNzdK;ao;aom uav;i,frsm;udkvnf;aumif; ...
(2) oufBuD;&G,ftdkrsm;udkvnf;aumif; ...
(3) aomuponfh pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m a0'emqd;k wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;udk cHpm;ae&olrsm;
udv
k nf;aumif; ... pdwaf &m*g wpfrsdK;rsdK;cHpm;ae&aom vlemrsm;tjzpf oabm
xm; Mu&rnfjzpfayonf/ xdo
k aYkd om vlemrsm;taejzifh rnfoaYkd om pum;rsKd ;udk
rnfonfhESvHk;xm;rsdK;jzifhyif ajymqdkapumrl xdkolwdkYESifh qefYusifbuf rjyKrl
twwfEdkifqHk; vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpfatmif ajymqdkaqG;aEG;ay;Mu&rnfom jzpf
avonf/ ,ck a0&OmykPm ;MuD;onfvnf; (2)eHygwf pm&if;0if pdwaf &m*g&Sirf sKd ;
jzpfaeonfudk owdjyKrSwfom;oifhMuyg\/
bk&m;&Siu
f xdrk Qavmuf vdu
k af vsmnDaxG ajymaeygaomfvnf; a0&Om
ykPm ;MuD;onf ]bk&m;&Sio
f nf oufBuD;wdt
Yk m; tdt
k aoay;jcif; tpOftvm
aumif;udk rav;pm;rvdkufemol zsufpD;ol} [laompdwfpGJjzifh auseyfEdkifjcif;
r&Sdao;acs/ xdkYaMumifh ]t&Sifa*gwronf ewfjynfa&mufjcif;iSg rxdkuf} [l
jyif;jyif;xefxef aumufcsufcsajymqdkjyefavonf/ xdktcg ow0gwdkY\ tvdk
qEudk tvGeftusL;odawmfrl pum;y&d,m,ft&mvnf; rnfolwpfOD;
wpfa,mufrQ rwkzufrEdIif;,SOfomaom bk&m;&Sifu ]xdkodkYajymvdkrl ajymEdkif
aMumif;? b0opfjzpfjcif;udk y,fNyD;aom? (t0dZmwPSm) tjrpfudk tMuGif;rJh
jzwfNyD;aom? (b0topf) rjzpfjcif;udk jyKNyD;aom? aemiftcg b0opfjzpfjcif;
oabm r&Sdawmhaomoludk y#doaEaejcif;rSuif;\ (uif;aomol) [l a[m
awmfral Mumif;? rdro
d nfaemifwzefy#doaEaejcif; b0opfjzpfjcif;udk y,fNyD;
jzpfaMumif;? aemiftcg jzpfjcif;oabm r&Sad wmhaMumif;? ykPm ;BuD; &nf&,
G af om
oabmrsdK;um; r&SdaMumif;}ykPm;\pum;ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGpGmyif rdefYawmf
rlavonf/
xdaYk emifrS ]toufBuD;oluo

kd m tBuD;[k worwfwnf; ,lqxm;aom
ykPm;BuD;udk Muufi,fOyrmudk jyawmfrl t0dZmOcGHxJ a&mufaeMuolrsm;
teufrS t0dZm OcGu
H kd azmufc
JG a&S;OD;pGm xGuaf y:vmaom ormoarm"dmPf
awmf&iS f rdru
d o
kd mvQif wpfavmuvH;k xuf BuD;jrwfaomol[
l ac:qdo
k wfrw
S f
xdkufaMumif;} aumif;pGm &Sif;vif;a[mjyawmfrlavonf/
bk&m;&Si\
f &if;&if;ES;D ES;D ajymqdn
k eT jf yawmfral om a'oemawmftpOfjy;D qH;k
avaomtcg ykPm ;BuD;onf vGepf mG tm;&aMueyfomG ;Ny;D vQif ]t&Siaf *gwronf
om tBuD;jzpfygaMumif;? t&Sifa*gwronfom tjrwfjzpfygaMumif;? w&m;
awmfonf tvGeEf pS o
f ufz,
G f aumif;vSygaMumif;? arSmufxm;onfukd vSev
f u
kd f
ouJo
h v
Ykd nf;aumif;? zH;k xm;onfukd zGiv
hf u
kd o
f uJo
h v
Ykd nf;aumif;? rsufpv
d nf
vrf;rSm;aeoludk vrf;rSefudk nTefjyvdkufouJhodkYvnf;aumif;? tarSmifxJ
rD;xGef;jyvdkufodkYvnf;aumif; &SdvSygaMumif;} tm;yg;w& avQmufxm;NyD;vQif
o&P*Hkaqmufwnfavonf/
xdkYaMumifh BuddhistPsychotherapy enf;pepfrsm;udk vdkufemusifhoHk;
vdkMuolwdkYonf w&m;pmayrsm;udk zwfIaomtcgjzpfap? w&m;awmfrsm;udk
emMum;aomtcgjzpfap trIrJhtrSwfrJh rjzpfaprl bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;a[myHk
vltrsm;ESihf ajymqdq
k ufqyH rkH sm;udk aumif;pGmod&o
dS nftxd av;av;eufeuf
xm;um rSwfom;oifhMuygonf/ rSefyg\/ enf;pepfrsm;onf usifhoHk;&&Sd
&efcufcv
J aS om wefc;kd yg0grsKd ;rsm;uJo
h Ykd rvdu
k ef mEdik pf &m ravhusiEhf ikd pf &mrsm;vnf;
r[kwfMuygacs/ pdwfyg0ifpm; vufawGUvlaerIb0 toHk;csEdkifMuygvQif
aeYpOf ajymqdkqufqHa&; pD;yGg;a&; BuD;yGg;a&; rdom;pkta&; &yfa&; &Gma&;
wdkif;EdkifiHta&;wdkYtxd wGifus,fpGm toHk;csEdkifaumif;aom enf;pepfwdkYom
jzpfayonf/
tqJaumif;oludk tEdkif,ljcif;
a&SU azmfjycJhaom Buddhist Psychotherapy enf;pepfrsm;xJrS wdwfqdwfpGm
aexdkifjcif; (Noble Silence)taMumif;udk qufvufrdwfqufay;ygrnf/
Noble Silence (wdwq
f w
d pf mG aexdik jf cif; enf;pepfu)kd rdrt
d ay: trsufa'go
xGufaeolrsm;ESifh BuHKawGUMu&aomtcgrsdK;wGif toHk;jyKEdkifMurnfjzpfygonf/
rSeyf g\/ trsuaf 'goxGuaf eolwo
Ykd nf pdwaf &m*g (Mental Disorder) jzpfjcif;\
t&if;cH taMumif;w&m;wpfcjk zpfonfh a'go (anger)\tvdu
k kd vdu
k yf gaerdMu
&Smolrsm;yif jzpfavonf/ ]a'gaom twHe Zmemwd} [lonfESifhtnD xdkodkY
aom trsufa'go yl;0ifESdyfpufjcif; cHMu&&Smolrsm;onf taMumif;tusdK;?
taumif;tqd;k wdu
Yk kd cGjJ cm;a0zefEikd pf rG ;f uif;rJo
h mG ;wwfMuNrJyif jzpfavonf/
xdkodkYaomolrsm;onf kefYpdkif;kdif;ysonfqdkorQaom a0g[m&rsm;udk
wGiw
f iG Bf uD;oH;k pG&J if; wpfzufom;\&efwek pYf um;udo
k m apmifah rQmw
f wfMuNrv
J nf;
jzpfavonf/ xdktcgrsdK;rsm;wGif rnfrQaysmhajymif;nifomaom azsmif;zspum;
yifjzpfapumrl olweYkd m;xJoYkd 0ifEikd cf v
J aS yawmhonf/ rnfojYkd yKoifMh uygoenf;/
o*gxm0*oH,kwfygVdawmf? t&[E0*f? tok&dEuokwfvm bk&m;&Sif\
wdwq
f w
d pf mG aeawmfrjl cif; (Noble Silence) enf;pepfukd avhvmMunfMh uygpd/Yk
bk&m;&Sifonf a0VK0efausmif;awmf oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf wpfaeYo
tok&dEu - bm&'GgZtrnf&Sdaom ykPm;wpfa,mufonf ]bm&'GgZrsdK;EG,f
jzpfaom ykPm ;udk &[ef;jyKay;&moavm}[laom trsufa'gojzifh bk&m;&Siu
f kd
Murf;MuKwfdkif;yspGm vma&mufqJqdkavonf/ bk&m;&Sifum; rnfodkYrQpum;
wkefYjyefawmfrrlyJ wdwfqdwfpGm aeawmfrlavonf/
ae&m pma&;oli,fpOf omraPb0u tqJcHcJh&zl;udk Mum;nSyf
azmfjyvdkygonf/ pma&;olonf tajcjyK rlvwef;atmifNyD;cgpu pmoifwdkuf
r[kwfaom tjyifausmif;wpfausmif; wpfrdk;wpf0g qdkcJhzl;ao;aMumif; a&SU
azmfjycJzh ;l ygonf/ xdpk Ofu ausmif;xdik q

f &mawmfonf olUudpt
00udk pma&;ol
udkom apcdkif;wwfouJhodkY ol tjyifudk oGm;avorQ olYtcef;aomhudkvnf;
pma&;olxH om tyfEx
HS m;cJw
h wfavonf/ tcsufonfyif tqJc&H &maom
taMumif;w&m;wpfck jzpfrSef;rod jzpfvmcJhavonf/
twlae OD;Zif;av;yg;wGif tBuD;qHk;OD;Zif;onf bkef;MuD;ESifh &if;ESD;vGef;
onf[laom pGJcsufjzifh pma&;oltay: rsufrkef;usdK;vmyHk &\/ 0guRwfcgeD;
wpfvceft
Y vdk wpfaeYwiG f taMumif;rJo
h ufouf y,fy,fe,fe,fBuD;udk qJav
awmhonf/ qGr;f pm;Ny;D csed rf pS &dyu
f mapmif;um qJqv
kd u
kd o
f nfrmS (bmwpfceG ;f rS
jyefrajym olukd qJ&onfrmS zGx
J aJ &oGe&f ouJo
h Ykd xifvmayavm? armvmay
avmrod) nae 5 em&Dcefw
Y iG rf S tqJ&yf tdy,
f may: avsmif;avawmhonf/
xdak &mtcgu pma&;ol\ ESv;kH oGi;f rSm olEiS zhf ufNydKif &efjzpfvQifvnf;
udk,fu ti,fjzpf udk,fom emp&m&Sdonfvnf; wpfcsuf? olvnf; tvGef
tusL;qufwu
kd f qJEikd v
f Qif 24 em&Dxufy
kd qJEikd rf nfr[kw[
f k ESv;kH oGi;f rdonf
vnf;wpfcsuf? udk,fhudk qJaerSef; ododBuD;ESifh tjyifudk a&SmifxGufoGm;jyef
vQifvnf; aemufaeYwGif quf qJayvdrfhOD;rnf[k ESvHk;oGif;rdonfvnf;
wpfcsuw
f aYkd Mumifh bmwpfceG ;f rS jyefrajymawmhbJ tomxdik
f at;aq;pGmom
tqJcHaecJhrdygonf/
odkY&mwGif jyemwpfck[lonfrSmum; tomNidrfcHaekHrSsESifh NyD;oGm;dk;
xHk;pH&Sdonf r[kwfaomaMumifh at;Nidrf;atmif aqmif&GufcJh&jyefavonf/
pma&;ol wGuu
f ed ;f rSecf yhJ gonf/ tqJ&yfum armyef;ae&Smaom xdOk ;D Zif;xHoYkd
tomoGm;NyD; aeuxdik f (xdik cf if;)udk ususee cif;? ouFe;f uav;udk oyfoyf
,yf,yfvufuawmhx;kd um OD;oH;k Budrcf svu
kd af vonf/ tuefawmhcH OD;Zif;onf
olxifrw
S rf xm;aomtjyKtrlaMumifh tHMh ooGm;onfxif\/ vJavsmif;ae&mrS
aigufueJ xxdik u
f m ][m ud&k if? bmvmvkyw
f mvJ} [kvrS ;f ar;avawmhonf/
]wynfhawmf OD;Zif;udk vmuefawmhwmygbk&m;}[k avSsmufxm;vdkuf
aomtcg ][m ud&k if..bmjzpfvw
Ykd ek ;f }[kjyefar;onf/ ]aeYvnfu OD;Zif;qJwm
wynfah wmfukd qJwm r[kwb
f ;l vm;? OD;Zif;tay:rSm wynfah wmf vGeu
f sL;rdwm
rsm;&SdcJh&if awmif;yef&atmifvdkYyg}[k avQmufxm;vdkufaomtcg ] [m udk&if
wynfhawmf awmfawmfrSm;oGm;NyD} [k vTwfceJ jyefajymavawmhonf/ tajc
taeonf pma&;olzufodkY tav;omvmcJhNyD jzpfygonf/
]OD;Zif; wynfhawmfwdkYu wpfoufvHk; twlwl aeMu&r,fh olawG
r[kwyf gbk&m;? ckvnf; 0guRwzf Ykd wpfvyJvykd gawmhw,f? 0guRw&f if wynfah wmf
'Dausmif;u xGuo
f mG ;awmhrmS ygbk&m;? 'DMum;umvrSm aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT f aeMuwm
ayghb&k m;? wynfah wmf rSm;wmawG&&dS ifvnf; qH;k rygbk&m;}[k awmufavQmuf
BuD; ajymvdkufaomtcg xdkOD;Zif;rSm rsm;pGmyif ysmysmovJ jzpfoGm;NyD;vQif
olUtrSm;twGuf jyef awmif;yefavawmhonf/ 0guRwv
f Qiv
f nf; b,frrS oGm;
zdkY wm;jrpfavawmhonf/ xdkpOfu bmrSef;rodbJ &rf;orf; toHk;cscJhrdaom
(Noble Silence)enf;pepfum; xda&mufatmifjrifcahJ vpG? aemufaeYrpS xdEk pS f
0guRwfonftxd olqrG ;f cH &orQ pm;aumif;aomufz,
G rf sm;onf ]awmfygNyD
OD;Zif;}[k wm;,l&onftxd pma&;olqo
D o
Ykd m a&mufa&mufvmcJah vawmhonf/
(,ck xdkOD;Zif; vlxGufoGm;ygNyD)/
bk&m;&SifESifh tok&dEuykPm;wdkY taMumif;udk jyefqufygrnf/ xdkodkY
bk&m;&Siu
f wdww
f w
d q
f w
d q
f w
d af e bmwpfceG ;f rS jyefrajymaomtcg tok&Ed
u ykPm;u(olUukdaMumufom bk&m;u bmrS jyefrajymwm[k xifrSwfav
onf xif\) &[ef;atmifNyD? &[ef;atmifNyD (igEdkifw,figEdkifw,f) [k
vufoD;vufarmif;wef;um a<u;aMumfBuHK;0g;avawmhonf/
wu,fpifppfwiG f bk&m;&Sio
f nf ae&modYk a&mufatmif apmifq
h ikd ;f ae
awmfrcl o
hJ nfomjzpf\/ a'gotavsmuf qJqdkaepOf a'gow&m; vTrf;rdk;jcif;
cHae&aomfvnf; ,cktcsdefwGifrl a'gotpm; (igedkifjyD[laom trSwfa&muf
vmcJh&um;) xdkykPm;\ pdwfonf rmew&m;bufqDodkY OD;vSnfhoGm;NyD jzpf
avonf/ onfyif Noble Silence \pGrf;&nfowd jzpfawmh\/ qdkvdk
onfrSm tjyif;txef a'goxGuf qdkqJolrsm;ESifh BuHKMu&aomtcgrsdK;wGif
olwdkY a'goajyavsmhonftxd (odkYr[kwf) xdka'goonf rme paom vrf;
aMumif;wpfwpfckodkY ajymif;oGm;onftxd Noble Silence enf;pepfudk
toHk;jyKum a'goorm;wpfzufom;\ pdwfa&m*gudk ukoay;Mu&rnf jzpf
avonf/
ykPm ;\ a'govrf;aMumif; ajymif;oGm;Nyu
D kd odawmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;
&Sio
f nf ]ykPm ;? Murf;MuKwfaom pum;udk qdw
k wfaom olru
kd o
f nf pum;(t
wifp;D Edik &f )kH rQjzifh (wpfzufom;ud)k atmifNyD (Edik jf y)D [k xifwwf\/ ynm&Sad om
yk*Kd vf\ tMuifonf;cHrI oabmonf&\
dS / xdo
k nf;cHro
I nfom xdyk nm&St
d wGuf
atmifjrifjcif;jzpfay\}[k rdefYawmfrlavonf/
xdkrSqufvnf; ]trsufa'goxGufaeoludk wkefYjyeftrsufxGufaom
olonf ,kwfrmol (rvdrmol) yifjzpfaMumif;? trsufa'go xGufaeoludk
wkefYjyef trsufrxGufaomolonfom atmifjrifEdkifcJvSaom &efoludk atmif
jrifEdkifolrnfaMumif;} rdefYMum;awmfrlavonf/
xdrk w
S zef ]olwpfzufom; trsufa'goxGuaf eonfukd odaom (vdrm
aom) olonf owdEiS jhf ynfph o
kH nfjzpf (xd)k trsufa'goudk Nidr;f at;apEdik yf grl
(xdo
k o
l nf) rdro
d w
l pfyg; ESpOf ;D om;wd\
Yk tusKd ;pD;yGm;udk jznfu
h sio
hf nfrnfaMumif;}
rdeMYf um; awmfrNl yD;vQif ]opmav;yg;w&m; rodrvdrm Muukeaf om olwo
Ykd nf
rdrdolwpfyg; ESpfOD;om;wdkYtm; trsufNidrf;apaomenf;jzifh ukpm;wwfoludkyif
vlrdkuf[k xifrSwfwwfaMumif;} tqHk;owfpum; rdefYMum;awmfrlavonf/
bk&m;&Sifu xdkodkY rdefYawmfrlvdkuftcg tqJoefvSaom tok&dEu
bm&'GgZykPm ;onf w&m;awmfukd vGepf mG ESpo
f ufoabmus aMueyfomG ;&um;
]w&m;awmfonf vGefpGmESpfoufzG,f&SdygaMumif;} Hk;aygif; avQmufxm;NyD;vQif
oludk,fwdkifyif omoemh0efxrf; &Sif&[ef;tjzpfudk cH,lcJhavonf/
rSefyg\/ wu,fpifppfwGif aeYpOf vlrIa&;e,fy,f jzpfysufaeMuaom
&efyGJ tawmfrsm;rsm;onf rvdkvm;tyfaom tydkpum;rsm;udk rsm;rsm;BuD;
wifpD;ajymqdkMu&mrS jrpfzsm;cHvmMuonfuom rsm;avonf/ xdkYaMumifh rvdk
vm;tyfaom cdkuf&efjiif;cHkrIrsm;udk a&SmifvTJvdkMuukefaom trsdK;aumif;om;
trsdK;aumif;orD;wdo
Yk nf Ak'p w
d yf nm (Buddhist Psychotherapy) enf;pepf
rsm;xJrS wdww
f w
d q
f w
d q
f w
d af exdik jf cif; (Noble Silence) enf;pepfukd xdxrd rd d
toH;k csEikd Mf u&ef BudK;pm;avhusio
hf ifMh uygonf/ wpfzufom;a'go&Sif pdwaf &m*g
onf\ a'gow&m;udk enf;jzifah vsmhyg;oufom apNyD;aomtcgrS rdrad jymvdk
onfudk em;0ifatmif ajymMum;EdkifMujcif;jzifh rdrdolwpfyg;ESpfOD;om;\ aumif;
usdK;w&m;wdkYudk azmfnTef;EdkifMuvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/
emawmh emwmaygh om;&,f

Buddhist Psychotherapy enf;pepfrsm;xJrS a,bk,soabmrQom jzpfonf
udk odapjcif; (to be known as a generalization) taMumif;udk tenf;i,f
rdwfqufay;vdkygonf/ vlom;wdkif;vdkvdkyif ynma&;? vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;?
usef;rma&; paom jyemrsm;ESihf wpfcrk [kww
f pfck BuHKawGUaeMu&olrsm;om
jzpfonf[kqdku vGeftHhrxifyg/ udk,fhtwGuf rylyif&vQif om;oD;twGuf
wynfw
h yef;twGuf &yf&mG twGuf wdik ;f Edik if t
H wGuf ponfjzifh wpfrsdK;r[kwf
wpfrsdK; ylyefaeMu&olwdkYcsnf;om jzpfavonf/
ae&mwGif ylyefrI[lonf aMumifhMupdkufrIESifhawmh tenf;i,f
uGv
J v
JG rd rhf nf[k xifygonf/ udavomtylr;D tavmifr;D Nidr;f awmfrMl uNyD;aom
&[Emt&Sijf rwfww
Ykd iG f ylyefrrI sdK;[l vH;k 0yif r&SMd uawmhaomfvnf; omoem
awmftwGu?f avmucsrf;oma&;twGuf paom aMumifMh updu
k rf rI sdK;rsm;uawmh
&Sw
d wfMuonfom jzpfygonf/ o*Fg,emwifcMhJ u&rI tqufqufukd axmufI
vQif tyluif;uif;jzifh aMumifMh updu
k af wmfrcl MhJ uyHrk sm;udk xif&mS ;pGm awGUjrifEikd f
Murnfjzpfygonf/ (o*Fg,emwifcJhMu&yHkrsm;udk a&SUtcef;rsm;wGif tvsOf;oifh
ovdk a&;om;oGm;ygrnf/)
rnfodkYqdkap aMumifhMupdkuf&jcif;onfvnf;aumif; aMumifhMurIxuf
ydv
k eG o
f mG ;aom ylyefMu&rIwo
Ykd nfvnf;aumif; aMumifMh updu
k pf &m ylyifp&mrsm;&Sd
aeMujcif;aMumifo
h m jzpfonfuu
kd m; rnforl Q jiif;qdEk ikd v
f rd rhf nf r[kwyf gacs/
odkY&mwGif aMumifhMupdkufrI[lonf vkyfoifhvkyfxdkufonfudk twwfEdkifqHk;
xdxda&mufa&mufjzpfatmif vkyfaqmifjcif;om vrf;qHk;aomfvnf; ylyefrI
[lonfum; xifovdk vkyfovdk jzpfrvmaomtcg ylavmifjcif;aomuudk

cHpm;&onftxd c&D;qufwwfNrJ jzpfavonf/ wu,fwef;wGif ylavmifjcif;
aomu[lonf avmu\a,bk,soabmrQomjzpfonf[laom Generalization oabmudk rpOf;pm; rouf0ifrdMucdkufwGif &&SdvdkufMu&NrJjzpfaom
tydkqkvm'fqdk;wpfrsdK;yif jzpfavonf/
]Generalization oabmudk ay;odapjcif;tm;jzifh aomua&mufae
olw\
Ykd aomupdwaf &m*gudk avsmyh g;oufomawmfral pcJyh }kH udk a&SU azmfjycJNh y;D jzpf
aom udoma*gwrD0wKudk axmufIyif odjrifEdkifMuvdrfhrnf xifygonf/
udoma*gwrDonf om;uav; toufjyef&Sifa&;twGuf bk&m;&Sif t&Smcdkif;
vdu
k af om rken
f if;aphukd wpftrd 0f ifwpftrd x
f u
G f vdu
k &f mS &if;u vlraobl;aom
rsKd ;EG,[
f
l r&Srd eS ;f aojcif;oabm[lonf ow0gwdik ;f twGuf a,bk,soabm
rSsom jzpfreS ;f od&o
dS mG ;&um; om;aoqH;k rIaMumifjh zpfaom tylaomursm; avsmyh g;
oufom oGm;avonf/ onfyif Ak'p w
d yf nmukx;kH wpf&yfjzpfonfh avmu
\a,bk,soabmudk od&Sdem;vnfapjcif; (to be known as a generalization) enf;pepf\ pGrf;&nfowdjzpfayawmh\/
ae&m a,bk,soabm trsm;pk jzpfavh&adS om oabmudq
k ifjcif
ouf0ifjcif; (Thinking of Generalization)onf wpfpHkwpfckESifh EdIif;,SOfhqif
jcifjcif; (Comparison) oabmESifhvnf; qufEG,faeaMumif; avhvmawGU
&SEd ikd Mf uygonf/ pma&;oli,fpOfu w&m;pcef;wpfcw
k iG f 'umrMuD;wpfa,mufEiS hf
qHkcJhzl;ygonf/ olronf trsm;wum wpfem&Dtm;xkwf wpfem&Dem; pepfjzifh
oGm;aeMuonfwiG f wpfem&Dem;csed u
f ykd g wpfqufwnf; tm;xkwaf vh&adS y&um;
wpfBudrfvQif (3) em&Dqufwdkuf tm;xkwfjzpfoGm;avh&Sdayonf/
pma&;olu ]tarBuD;? 'Dvkd &d,myk'w
f pfcw
k nf;eJY (3) em&Dqufwu
kd f
tm;xkwaf wmh rembl; ranmif;bl;vm;}[k ar;rdavonf/ olru ]emawmhem
wmayghom;&,f? emwmuawmh w&m;tm;xkwx
f w
k f rxkwx
f w
k f temcEmBuD;
&xm;avawmh emMu&rSmcsnf;yJaygh? aq;kHrSm vlemawGrS trsm;BuD;yJaygh} [k
qdkum NyHK;avonf/ xdkYaemuf ]om;&,f em;eJYrem z0g;eJYem qdkovdk quf
ajym&&if om;oli,fcsi;f udk arG;wke;f u 'Dxufru tqaygif;rsm;pGm emcJw
h mav?
tJ'D'kuudk jyefESvHk;oGif;jyD; 'D (3) em&Dtm;xkwfvdkY emwmav;uawmh bmwJh
wkef;vdkY udk,fhudkudk,ftm;ay;NyD; I&wmygyJ} [k jyefajzcJhzl;avonf/ um;
Generalization rS tpOfavQmufum Comparison oabmudy
k g qifjcifouf
0ifrdjcif;\ &v'faumif;wpfckyif jzpfayawmhonf/
Buddhist Psychotherapy\ oabmw&m;udk rdwfqufazmfjyjcif;udk

rQjzifh &yfem;&awmhrnf jzpfygonf/ enf;pepfrsm;udk tajccH ypn;f Opm
qH;k I;H aom tcgrsKd ;? use;f rma&;cRw,
f iG ;f aom tcgrsKd ;? rawmfrw&m; tEdik u
f sihf
pGyfpGJcH&aom tcgrsdK;rsm;wGif pdwfaomua&mufum ylavmifaeMurnfhtpm;
]'gawGu avmurSm jzpfavh&SdwwfwmrsdK;awGygyJ? b,fol b,f0gawmifrS
'Dvjkd zpfczhJ ;l ao;wmyJ? jrwfpmG bk&m;aomfrS 'Dvrkd sdK; BuHKcJzh ;l ao;wmyJ} ponfjzifh
ESv;kH oGi;f qifjcifMujcif;jzifh pdwzf pd ;D rI pdwaf &m*g cHpm;&rIrsm;rS vGwu
f if;ouf
omEdkifMuvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/ tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; wwfpGrf;orQ
ukoay;EdkifMuvdrfhrnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/ mPfMuD;ol pmzwfrdwfaqGrsm;
csJUxGiq
f yGm;um Buddhist Psychotherapy enf;pepfrsm;udk us,fjyefaY tmifjzefY
a0ay;Edik Mf uygapownf;/
a'oemawmfrsm;udk avUvmjcif;
pmIol rdwfaqGrsm;udk auved,wuodkvf aemufxyf avhvmcJh&aom
pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f m bmom&yfwpfcEk iS hf qufvuf rdwq
f ufay;vdyk gonf/ onf
Buddhist Doctrine of the Pali Nikayas: Analysis and Interpretation
bmom&yfonf r,lrae& (compulsory) bmom&yfrsm;teuf wpfct
k ygt0if
jzpfNy;D bmom&yfqikd &f m Topics {&d,mrSm BuD;rm;us,jf yefv

Y yS gonf/ em;vnf
atmifajym&ygvQif bmom&yfudk avhvmMu&&m acgif;pD;wpfcktwGuf
edum,fig;&yfvm w&m;awmfrsm;xJrS vdu
k af vsmnDaxGjzpfrnfh a[mMum;awmf
rlcsurf sm;udk odr;f qnf;pkaqmif; ]b,feu
d m,f b,fow
k e u
f b,foq
Ykd o
kd nf?
b,fedum,f b,fokwefurl b,fodkYajymonf? ae&mwGif b,fokwefESifh
tnD b,fodkYjzpfoifhonf? b,fodkY,l&rnf} ponfjzifh cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm bk&m;
a[mawmfrlvdk&if; t"dyg,frsm;udk xdxdrdrd aumuf,lEdkifatmif avhvmMu&
ygonf/
rSeyf gonf/ bk&m;a[m a'oemawmfrsm;udk avhvmvdu
k pf m;Muolcsi;f yif wlaomf
vnf; a'oemawmfwpfcEk iS w
hf pfck csden
f rd ,lEikd b
f J wpfcw
k nf;udo
k m udik pf x
JG m;
Muolrsm;ESifh wpfckESifhwpfck csdefnd,lEdkifMuolwdkY &&Sdtyfaom todtjrifwdkYrSm
vGefpGmyif uGmjcm;oGm;EdkifMuavonf/ bk&m;a[mawmfrlaom a'oemawmf
tm;vH;k onf "r"|d mefoabmudak qmifonf rSeaf omfvnf; tajctae tcsed t
f cg
ae&ma'o w&m;emyk*dKvfwdkY\ pkdufobm0udkvdkuf xdkufoifhovdk a[m
awmfrlcJhonfrsdK;vnf; &Sdao;aMumif;udk owdjyKMu&rnfom jzpfygonf/
xdaYk Mumifyh if a&S;q&mawmfBuD;rsm;u ]usr;f odrcuf usr;f ncd uf\} [k rdeaYf wmfrl
cJMh ujcif; jzpfygvdrrhf nf/ xdaYk Mumifh bmom&yfonf edum,fig;&yf qif;ouf
vmyHkrSp usrf;ndyHk t"dyg,faumuf,lyHkwdkYtxd avhvmoifMum;Mu&onfh
bmom&yfwpfckvnf; jzpfonf[kqdku rSm;tHhrxifyg/
bmom&yfESifhywfouf pma&;olwdkY avhvmaqG;aEG;cJh&aom

acgif;pD;tcsdKUudk wGJpyfavhvmcJh&aom okweftcsdKUESifh,SOfwGJ ar;cGef;ozG,f
azmfjyvdkygonf/
1/ r[mowdy|meokwef? oAmo0okwef? a'G"m0dwuokwef? 0dwu
o@meokwef ponfwdkYudkudk;um; Buddhist Meditation (Ak'0 g't&
w&m;tm;xkwfIrSwfyHk)taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;azmfjy&ef
2/ od*Fgavm0g'okwef? r*Fvokwef ponfwdkYudkudk;um; Buddhist Ethic
mom0ifw\
Ykd ud,
k u
f siw
hf &m;)taMumif;udk aqG;aEG;
for Lay People (Ak'b
jy&ef?
3/ jA[Zmvokwe ?f omrnzvokwe ?f tr|okwe ?f ayg|yg'okwe f ponf
wdkYudk udk;um; Contemporary Religious and Philosophical Tradid Edik if &H dS Ak'0 g'ESiahf cwfNydKif bmoma&; tawG;tac:
tions in India (tdE,
t,l0g'qdkif&m "avhxHk;wrf;rsm;) taMumif;udk oHk;oyfaqG;aEG;jy&ef?
4/ pu0wdokwef? ul#'Eokwef? &maZm0g'okwef ponfwdkYudk udk;um;
Buddhist attitude to Politics (Ak'bmomwdkY\ EdkifiHa&;oabmxm;)
taMumif; oHk;oyfaqG;aEG;&ef?
5/ ouyOokwef? r[mor,okwef? tm#mem#d,okwef? "ry'*gxm?
ax&-ax&D*gxm ponfrsm;wdkYudk udk;um; Buddhist Attitude to
Aesthetic (Ak'bmomwdkY\uAsm? *Dw paom tEkynmtay:oabm
xm;) taMumif;udk oHk;oyfaqG;aEG;&ef ... /
(1) eHygwfjzpfaom Buddhist Meditation taMumif;udk jynTef;xm;
aomokwefwdkYESifh wGJpyf avhvmMunfhMuygrnf/ r[mowdy|meokwefonf
'DCedum,f r[m0*ygVdawmfvnf;aumif;? rZsrd edum,f rlvyPmoygVdawmf
vnf;aumif; vm&SdaomokwefjzpfjyD; tIcHw&m;wdkUudk um, a0'em
pdw "r [l av;pkav;yHkydkif;jcm;um IrSwfqifjcifyHktoD;oD;udk tao;pdwf
jynTef&m okwefwpfck jzpfayonf/
xdkokwefwGif .....
bk&m;&Sifonf okwefwpfckvHk;\ vdk&if;tusOf;csKyfudk OD;pGma[mMum;
awmfr
l xdv
k &kd if;tusOf;csKyfjzifh pdwpf ifMu,fvo
kd ?l pd;k &dryf yl ef&jcif; idak MuG;jcif;
wdu
Yk kd vGeaf jrmufvo
kd ?l ud,
k q
f if;&J pdwq
f if;&Jwu
Ykd kd csKyfNidr;f apvdo
k ?l t&d,r*f
udk&vdkol? edAmefudk rsufarSmufjyKvdkolwdkYtwGuf owdy|mefav;yg; vrf;
aMumif;rSwpfyg; wpfjcm;r&SdaMumif; OD;pGmod&Sdapawmfrlavonf/
xdkYaemifrS xdkowdy|mefw&m;udktm;xkwfrnfh olwdkYonf .....

(u) jyif;pGmtm;xkwfaom vHkYv &SdMu&rnfudkvnf;aumif;
(c) qifjcifIrSwfrI orZOfmPfESifh jynfhpHkMu&rnfudkvnf;aumif;
(*) owdrjywf&Sd&rnfudkvnf;aumif;
(C) tIcHw&m;wdkYtay: wyfrufjcif; (tbdZsm)? tIIcHw&m;wdkY
tay: pdwfysufjcif;(a'gre)wdkYudk y,fazsmuf um,? a0'em? pdw? "r
wdkY um,? a0'em? pdw? "rwdkUudk tBudrfBudrf IrSwfvsufae&rnfh tjzpfudk
vnf;aumif; odapawmfrlavonf/
xdkYaemifrS .....
um,mEkyemudk qifjcif&mtydkif; xGufoufav 0ifoufavudk
rnforYkd nfykH Irw
S q
f ifjcif&rnfrpS olaoaumifu;kd rsKd ;udk qifjcifyt
kH xd tydik ;f
u@ajcmufrsdK;ydkif;jcm;um tao;pdwfnTefjyxm;NyD;?
a0'emEkyemudk qifjcif&m okc? 'ku? t'kurokc - a0'emwdkYudk
rnfodkYrnfyHkqifjcif&rnfudk enf;udk;yg;jzifh nTefjyxm;avonf/
pdwm Ekyemudk qifjcif&m &m*ESiw
hf uGjzpfaompdw?f &m*uif;aompdwf
ponfph w
d w
f u
Ykd kd rnforYkd nfykH Irw
S q
f ifjcif&rnfukd enf;wpfq,fah jcmufyg;jzifh
nTejf yxm;NyD;? "rmEkyemudk qifjcifrI w
S &f m eD0&Pw&m;(5)yg;? cEm(5)yg;?
tm,we(12)yg;? aAmZsif(7)yg;? opm(4)yg; [l tydkif;ig;ydkif; cGJjcm;NyD;vQif
4if;wdkYtoD;oD;udk rnfodkYrnfyHk IrSwfqifjcif&rnfudk tao;pdwf nTefjyxm;
avonf/
a,m*Drsm;owdjyKzG,f&m oAmo0a'oem
ae&m r[mowdy|meokwef a'oemawmfonf w&m;tm;xkwfIrSwf
qifjcifrIoufoufudkom jynTefawmfrlonfh okwefjzpfaMumif;udk owdjyKMu
&rnfjzpfygonf/ w&m;tm;xkwfMuolwdkYonfvnf; vlom;rsm;jzpfonfh
tm;avsmfpGm ywf0ef;usifESifhuif;uGm rjzpfEdkifpaumif;? t&n0goD awmrSD&
[ef;yif jzpfapumrl pm;0wfaea&; &SdMuao;onfhtavsmuf tydktvkyfrsm;udk
avQmhcsMuHrk w
S yg; Am[d&udpt
ukev
f ;kH udk jzwfawmuf r&Edik pf aumif;ygay/
xdo
k Ykd ywf0ef;usifEiS hf ruif;uGmEdik o
f nft
h avQmuf ywf0ef;usifEiS hf tjyeftvSef
qufqHMu&aomtcgrsdK;wGif r[mowd|meokwef a[mawmfrlxm;onfh
tm;avsmfpGm ]oGm;w,f oGm;w,f? &yfw,f &yfw,f? jrifw,f jrifw,f?
Mum;w,f Mum;w,f} pojzifh IIrSwfae rjzpfEdkifawmhay/ tjyeftvSef
ajymMu&jcif;? rajymqdyk J a&SmifvMJG u&jcif; ponfwu
Ykd kd xdu
k o
f ifo
h vdk jyKvkyMf u
&rnfom jzpfayonf/ xdo
k Ykd xdu
k o
f ifo
h vdk aqmif&u
G Mf u&&m tmo0w&m;
wdkYaMumifh rl;,pfarhavsmhjcif; r&SdMuap&ef oAmo0okwef a'oemawmf
enf;ay;nTefjyxm;onfhtwdkif; avhvmusifhoHk; oifhMuavonf/
oAmo0okwef a'oemawmfonf rZsdredum,f? rlvy&d,m,0*f
vm&S\
d / xdo
k w
k e u
f kd bk&m;&Siu
f ,
kd af wmfwikd u
f ]oAmo0oH0& (tmo0tm;vH;k
udk ydwyf ifaMumif;) a'oemawmf}[l cs;D rTr;f awmfrx
l m;\/ xdo
k w
k e f ]&[ef;wd?Yk
igonf odojl rifot
l m; tmo0wd\
Yk ukejf cif;udk a[mawmfr\
l ? rodorl jrifol
wdkYtm; tmo0wdkY\ukefjcif;udk a[mawmfrrl/ &[ef;wdkY tb,fudk odoljrif

oltm; tmo0wdkY\ ukefjcif;udk a[mawmfrloenf;[lrl- oifhaomtaMumif;
tm;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f jcif;udv
k nf;aumif;? roifah om taMumif;tm;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f
jcif;udkvnf;aumif; odoljrifoltm; tmo0wdkY\ ukefjcif;udk a[mawmfrl\}
[k w&m;emyk*Kd vfwb
Ykd ufrS oifah omtaMumif;tm;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f jcif;, roifah om
taMumif;tm;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f jcif;udk cGjJ cm;odjrifol jzpfap&ef ta&;BuD;vSaMumif;
OD;pGma[mMum;awmfrlonf/
xdkodkYESvHk;oGif;uGmjcif;jcif;\ tusdK;&vm'fuGm[yHkudkvnf; ....
]&[ef;wdYk ... roifah om taMumif;tm;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f oltm; rjzpfao;
aom tmo0wdo
Yk nfvnf;jzpfuek \
f ? jzpfNyD;aom tmo0wdo
Yk nfvnf; wd;k yGm;
ukef\? &[ef;wdkY oifhaomtaMumif;tm;jzifh ESvHk;oGif;oltm; rjzpfao;aom
tmo0wdo
Yk nfvnf; rjzpfuek ?f jzpfNyD;aom tmo0wdo
Yk nfvnf; yaysmufuek f
\}[k cGjJ cm;nTejf yawmfral vonf/ xdaYk Mumifh Ak'\
w&m;tm;xkwef nf;udk avh
vmusifhoHk;MurnfholwdkYonf t&m&mwGif a,medaomreodum& (oifhaom
taMumif;tm;jzif)h ESv;kH oGi;f wwf&ef vGepf mG ta&;BuD;vSaMumif; OD;pGm owdjyKMu
&rnfjzpfayonf/
rl;apwwfwJU tmo0w&m;
ae&m oAmo0okwe \
f t"duypfrw
S rf mS tmoa0gukecf ef;a&;yif jzpf&um;
]tmo0[lonf tb,fudkac:onf tb,fodkY oabmowd&Sdonf}udk azmfjy
&ygvdrOhf ;D rnf/ tmo0[lonf Mumjrifph mG pdrx
f m; xHx
k m;tyfonfh (rk'&ufo;D
&nfpaom) t&m0wK? t&uf? ao&nf? pdr&f nfukd ac:aMumif; tbd"mefwYkd
u zGiq
hf \
kd / ]tmo0g0d,mwd tmo0g}[laom 0dN*dK[ft& xdpk rd &f nft&ufEiS hf
tvm;o@mefwal om ow0gwd\
Yk cEmtpOf Mumjrifph mG xHx
k m;pdrx
f m;tyfaom
wPSm? 'd|?d t0dZm wnf;[laom w&m;oH;k yg;udk rl;,pfapwwfaomowcd sif;
wlaomaMumifh ]tmo0w&m;}[k ac:qdk&avonf/
rSe\
f / tvGeMf umjrifph mG pdrx
f m;xHx
k m;tyfaom pdr&f nft&ufwo
Ykd nf
aomufoHk;oludk rl;,pfapwwfouJhodkY .....
1/ umr*kPfwdkY wyfrufrl;,pfapwwfaom wPSm
(umrwPSm = umrmo0 / umr + tmo0)?
2/ vlUbHk ewfbpkH onfh bHb
k 0BuD;i,fwYkd wyfrufr;l ,pfapwwfaom
wPSm (b0wPSm = b0go0/ b0 + tmo0)
3/ t,l0g'rSm;,Gif;rIwdkY wyfrufrl;,pfapwwfaom 'd|d
( rdpm'd|d = 'd|mo0/ 'd|d + tmo0)
4/ 'kuo
pmponfwu
Ykd kd trSet
f wdik ;f rodjrifrI wyfrufr;l ,pfapwwf
aomt0dZm (t0dZm= t0dZmo0/ t0dZm+ tmo0) wdu
Yk kd (rl;,pfap
wwfaom owdcsif;wlaomaMumifh) lyutvuFmenf;tm;jzifh pdrf
&nft&ufwdkYESifh xyfwljyK tmo0w&m;wdkY[l bk&m;ocif a[m
Mum;awmfrlavonf/
tmo0rnfaom pdrf&nft&ufESifh tmo0trnf&aom wPSm 'd|d
t0dZm wdYk oabmcsi;f wlrQyu
kH kd tenf;i,fquf pOf;pm;MuygOD;tH/h aq;ynmtvdk
t& vlom;wdkY\ oGm;vmvIyf&Sm; ajymMum;orQudk rrSm;r,Gif;&avatmif
tmHak Mumrsm;rSwpfqifh OD;aESmufu yJx

h ed ;f ay;aeonf[q
k \
kd / pdr&f nft&ufyg
&Sdaom (Alcohol) "mwfonf aoG;aMumrSwpfqifh OD;aESmufodkY a&muf&SdNyD; OD;
aESmuf\ yJhxdef;pepfudk ucRwfuacsmfjzpfap\/ xdktcg OD;aESmuf\ tpDtpOf
rsm; ysupf ;D Ny;D onfae&m ajcaxmufcsrnfqv
kd Qif xdak e&modcYk srjd cif;? onfpum;
udkajymrnfqdkvQif [dkpum;udkajymrdjcif; ponfh rlrSeftwdkif; r[kwfawmhaom
vkyfaqmifajymqdkcsufrsm;udk jyKvkyfajymqdkrdwwfavonf/
tusdK;&Sdrnf, r&Sdrnf? vrf;pOf [kwfonf r[kwfonfudkvnf; a0zef
pOf;pm;Edik pf rG ;f uif;rJo
h mG ;NyD; xifrx
d if&m BuHpnfrw
d wfavawmhonf/ 4if;udyk if
rl;,pfonf[k ac:qd&k NyD; pifppfwiG f rl;,pfjcif;[lonf pdr&f nft&uf yg&Sad om
(Alcohol) "mwfaMumifh OD;aESmuf\yHkrSefaqmif&GufaeMutpDtpOf (Program)
rsm; ysufpD;oGm;jcif;yif jzpfavonf/ (xdkYaMumifhyif rl;zefrsm;vmMuolwdkYonf
rl;&mrSwpfqifhwuf l;aMumifaMumif jzpfvmMujcif; jzpfayonf/ wpfckowd
jyKoifo
h nfrmS ]pdr&f nft&uf[o
l nf aomufo;kH olw\
Ykd OD;aESmufuo
kd m zsuq
f ;D
EdkifNyD;? raomufoHk;bJ a&SmifvTJolwdkYtm; zsufqD;jcif; rjyKEdkif} [laom tcsuf
yif jzpfavonf/)
xdek nf;wlpmG yif umr*kPb
f b
kH 0wdYk wyfruf,pfr;l apwwfaom wPSm
(umrmo0b0go0)?t,l0g'rSm;wpfcck k wyfruf,pfr;l apwwfaom 'd|d ('d|m
o0)? 'kuopmponfudk trSeftwdkif; rodjrifrI wyfruf,pfrl;apwwfaom
t0dZm(t0dZmo0)wdkYonf yifudktm;jzifh Munfvifawmufyaeaom pdwfudk
npfnL;xHkrdIif; rl;,pfoGm;apwwfavonf/
xdt
k mo0w&m;wdYk yl;0ifEydS pf ufc&H olwo
Ykd nf yOmeE&,
d uHuykd if usL;vGef
rdwwfonftxd rl;,pfxx
kH ikd ;f oGm;wwfMu&um; omrefusL;vGeaf eusjzpfonfh
(yOmeE&,
d uHrw
S pfyg;aom) tukov
kd f uHw&m;rsm;udk usL;vGe&f mrl vufweG Yf
jcif;? &GHUMumufjcif;r&Sd usL;vGefrdNrJ "rwmqdkovdk xyfcgxyfcg usL;vGefrdwwf
Mu&Smavonf/ (t&ufaMumifh t&SuftaMumuf uif;rJhoGm;Mu&yHk acsmuf
urm; ponf tvJvt
J NydKNydK jzpfMu&yHEk iS hf tmo0w&m;rsm;aMumifh tukov
kd f
trIusL;vGe&f ef t&Sut
f aMumuf([d&?d Mowyw&m;) uif;rJo
h mG ;Mu&yHk tyg,f
i&J paom acsmufurm; ponf tvJvt
J NydKNydK usa&mufMu&yHw
k u
Ykd kd jrifom
atmif yHak zmfMunfNh y;D vQif tmo0w&m;wd\
Yk ow?d tmo0w&m;wd\
Yk qd;k 0g;rIwYkd
udk jrifomatmif MunfhIoHk;oyfawmfrlMu&myg\)/
ESvHk;oGif;rSm;cJUrIrsm;pGmxJrS wpfck
bk&m;ocifonf y,f&iS ;f &ef enf;vrf;ESiw
hf uGjzpfaom atmufyg tmo0w&m;
ckepfrsdK;udk a[mMum;awmfrlonf/
1/ jrifjcif;('e)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;
2/ ydwfqdkYjcif;(oH0&)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;
3/ rSD0Jjcif;(y#dao0e)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;
4/ onf;cHjcif;(t"d0goe)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;
5/ a&SmifMunfjcif;(y&d0Zem)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;
6/ y,fazsmufjcif;(0daem'em)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;
7/ yGm;rsm;jcif;(bm0em)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;
jrifjcif;jzifh y,ftyfaom tmoa0gw&m;wd[
Yk l m jrifjcif;[lonf t&d,mol
awmfaumif;wdkYudk zl;jrifjcif;udk qdkvdk\/ rSef\/ t&d,m olawmfaumif;wdkYudk
zl;jrifavh r&Sad omolonf olawmfaumif;pum;udk Mum;emcGihf r&Edik af y/ olawmf
aumif;w&m;udk rMum;em&aomf olawmfaumif;w&m; em;vnfvrd m ol jzpfr
vmEdik af y/ olawmfaumif;w&m; rodem;rvnf rvdrm aomf ESv;kH roGi;f oifh
aom w&m;udk ESvHk;oGif;jcif; ESvHk;oGif;oifhaomw&m;udk ESvHk;roGif;rdjcif;
[laom cRwfacsmfrmS ;,Gi;f rIBuD;wdu
Yk kd jyKvkyrf w
d wfMuavonf/ xdo
k Ykd ESv;kH oGi;f
cRwfacsmfrmS ;,Gi;f jcif;aMumifh rjzpfao;aom tmo0w&m;wdv
Yk nf; jzpfvmwwf
\? jzpfNyD;aom tmo0w&m;wdkYvnf; wdk;yGm;tm;BuD;vmwwfavonf/
ae&m pma&;ol\ ESv;kH oGi;f rSm;,Gi;f rIrsm;pGmxJrS wpfcu

k kd erlemjyKvdyk g
onf/ &rf;NANJ rKd U? "r0Zd ,ausmif;wGif ausmif;xdik pf Ofu jzpfyg\/ "r0Zd ,ausmif;
onf NrdKUe,fvQyfppf"mwftm;ay;vdkif;\ tpGeftzsm;usaom wpfae&mwGif
wnf&\
dS / xdt
k csdeu
f nae 7;00 em&DrS 10;00 em&Dtxdom wpf&ufjcm;wpf
MudrfpD vQyfppfrD;&&SdMu\/ vQyfppfrD;vmjyDqdkvQif AdkYtm;jrSifhpufjrSifhoHwdkUonf
wajzmif;ajzmif; xGuaf y:vmavh&\
dS / ueOD;urS Adt
Yk m; 120 rQom a&muf&adS om
pma&;olwaYkd usmif;wGif 3 rdepfcefaY usmfvQifyif Adt
Yk m; 30 rQom &S&d pfavawmh
onf/ b,frD;oD; b,frD;acsmif;udk b,fvdkvif;atmif xGef;rnfenf;/
rD;rvmrSm aocsmaomaeY b,fodkYrQ cHpm;csufrjzpfaomfvnf; rD;vm
onfah eYrl ESv;kH oGi;f (reodum&) rrSeEf ikd af wmhNyD/ ]'Davmufawmif Adt
Yk m;jrSihf
pufoHk;vSwm 'Dvrf;wpfavQmufu tdrfawG&SdorQ wDADGawG? rD;acsmif;awG
tukeaf vmifuRr;f uke&f if aumif;rSmyJ} [laom ESv;kH oGi;f rSm;,Gi;f rIu rzdwaf c:bJ
ay:aygufvmawmhonf/ xdo
k Ykd ESv;kH oGi;f rSm;,Gi;f onfEiS hf Adt
Yk m;jri phf uf oH;k olawG
tay:jiLpljcif;? remvdkjcif;? ysufpD;qHk;HI;apvdkjcif; paom tmo0w&m;
udavomw&m;wdkYonf ESvHk;oGif;rSm;ol rdrdudk,fudkom avmifNrdKufapav
awmhonf/
odaYk omf q&morm;aumif;rsm;xH csnf;uyf Ak'w
&m;awmfrsm;udk oif
,lxm;cJzh ;l aomtodw&m;rsm;u pma&;oluu
kd ,fwifcyhJ gonf/ ]ighE,
S f 'DtBuH
qdk;awG[m r[kwfao;ygbl;? ukodkvfjzpfatmifBuHprf;?ukodkvfjzpfatmif ESvHk;
oGif;prf;}[k udk,fhudkudk,f qHk;rrdavonf/ ESvHk;oGif;rIudkvnf; ]tif; ...? 'D
wpfNrdKUvHk; BudKufovdk oHk;Edkifatmif "mwftm;ay;EdkifavmufwJh pufBuD;wpf
vH;k oma&mufvm&if odyaf umif;rSmyJ} [k ajymif;vJvu
kd rf ad vonf/ xdak &mcP
ESv;kH oGi;f rSm;ojzifh tmo0w&m;wdYk yl;0ifEydS pf ufjcif;cHae&aom pdwo
f nf trl;
ajyaysmuf trSefa&mufaomoluJhodkY &Tifvef;ayghyg;oGm;cJh&avonf/ xdkodkY
ESv;kH oGi;f rSev
f u
kd o
f nfukd taMumif;jyK Adt
Yk m;jrSiphf ufukd wpfzek ;f zke;f vSnu
hf m
pdwf yI af eMu&&Smaom olwt
Ykd ay: xd'k u
k w
rYkd S vGwaf jrmufapvdak om (aumif;
jrwfaom) arwmw&m;wdkYudkom yGm;ydkYrdavawmhonf/
Zmwfvrf;udt
k enf;i,fquf&ygvQif tpydik ;f u pma&;ol BuHpnfawmifw
h
cJo
h uJo
h Ykd rnfoUl tdru
f wDADG rD;acsmif;rQvnf; ravmifuRrf;cJyh g/ wpfNrdKUvH;k udk
vif;xdeaf pEdik af vmufaom "mwftm;ay;pufBuD;vnf; a&mufrvmcJyh g/ odaYk omf
rMumjrifhrDumvyif pma&;olwdkYausmif;twGuf oD;oefYrD;puftvSL&Sifwpf
a,mufawmhjzifh ay:aygufcJhygonf/ (pma&;ol\ pdwfonf tmo0w&m;wdkY
aMumifh npfnL;xdkif;rdIif;cJh&pOfu bmaumif;usdK;rS r&cJhonfhtjyif ylavmifrI
trsdK;rsdK;udo
k m cHpm;cJ&h aomfvnf;? arwmw&m;wdaYk Mumifh Munfvifat;jrcJ&h NyD;
aemufyikd ;f wGif odomaom aumif;usdK;w&m;wdYk jzpfay:cJ&h aMumif; owdjyKrdMu
onfqdkygvQif udk,fhraumif;aMumif;udkudk,f xkwfazmfa&;om;&usdK; &SdayNyD/)
ae&m pma&;olonf olawmfaumif;q&morm;rsm;udk zl;jrifcsnf;
uyf Ak'w
&m;awmfrsm;udk Mum;emrSwo
f m;cJ&h aomaMumifo
h m rdr\
d ESv;kH oGi;f rSm;
udk y,fazsmuf ESvHk;oGif;trSefodkY a&mufapEdkifcJhonfudk owdjyKrdMuapvdk
ygonf/ odkY olawmfaumif;wdkYudk zl;jrifcsnf;uyf Ak'w&m;awmfrsm;udk
em,ljcif;jzifh ESv;kH oGi;f rSeu
f efapMuNyD;vQif y,f&iS ;f Edik af om tmo0w&m;wdu
Yk kd
&nfnTef; (jrifjcif;jzifh y,ftyfaom tmo0w&m;) wdkY [l bk&m;ocif
a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/ (tus,fudkvdkolwdkY oAmo0okwf jrefrmjyefudk
MunfhawmfrlMuygukef/)
ydwfqdkh? rSD0J? onf;cH

xdaYk emuf bk&m;&Sio
f nf ydwq
f jYkd cif;jzifh y,ftyfuek af om tmoa0gw&m;wdu
Yk kd
ydwfqdkYjcif;jzifh y,f&rnfjzpfaMumif; a[mMum;awmfrl\/ rSefyg\/ jrifvdkorQ
vdkufMunfhjcif;? Mum;vdkorQ vdkufvHem;axmifjcif; ponfjzifh ajEwdkYudk
rapmifph nf;bJ vTwx
f m;Muygrl tmo0w&m;wdYk wd;k omrsm;zG,&f mjzpfavonf/
xdkYaMumifh puKajEpaom Munfhjcif; jrifjcif;ponf tpdk;&onfh rsufpd? em;?
ESm? vQm? ud,
k ?f pdww
f u
Ykd kd ydwq
f v
Ykd suf (apmifx
h ed ;f vsuf) aeoifo
h nfah omtcg
taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm ydwfqdkYvsufaeMu&rnfom jzpfavonf/
wzef rS0D jJ cif;jzifh y,ftyfaom tmo0w&m;wdu
Yk kd rS0D jJ cif;jzifh y,f&rnf
[l&m rSD0Joifhonfrsm;tjzpf qGrf;? ouFef;? ausmif;? aq;ypnf;av;yg;udk
nTejf yawmfr\
l / ,aeYacwf t0wfr0wfyJ ud,
k v
f ;kH wD;aeolrsm;? oJqrG ;f pm;jcif;
a&qGr;f pm;jcif;ponfjzifh tqef;wMu,f wDxiG zf efw;D wwforl sm; owdjyKp&myif/
tcsrf;? tyl? jcif? rSuf? av? aeyl? ajrG? uif;? oef;wdkY\ tawGUtxd? t&Suf
udjk zpfapwwfonfh ud,
k t
f *FgBuD;i,fwu
Ykd kd zH;k vTr;f &ef ponfwt
Ykd wGuf ouFe;f udk
rS0D jJ cif;? rpm;& qmavmifrw
G o
f yd jf cif; tpm;vGejf cif;aMumifh Adu
k jf ynft
h ifjh cif;
ponfwrYkd S a&Smif&mS ; w&m;pmayrsm;udk oiftaH vhusifh tm;xkwyf gG ;rsm;Edik &f ef
twGuf qGr;f udrk 0DS jJ cif;paom rS0D x
J u
kd o
f nfrsm;udk owdynmjzifq
h ifjcif rS0D jJ cif;
onf tmo0w&m;wdYk wd;k yGg;&maom taMumif;tcGihf r[kw?f tmo0w&m;wdu
Yk kd
y,f&Sm;&maom taMumif;wdkYomjzpfaMumif; a,m*g0p&yk*dKvfrsm;taejzifh
aumif;aumif;BuD; owdjyKxdkufMuavonf/
xdaYk emuf bk&m;ocifonf onf;cHjcif;jzifh y,ftyfuek af om tmo0w&m;

wdkUudk onf;cHjcif;jzifh y,f&rnf jzpfaMumif; rdefYawmfrl\/ rSefyg\/ avmu
tvdkqE vHk;0OHk ukefvHkjynfh0ol [l &SdEdkifaumif;onfum;r[kwf/ tvdk
rjynf0h wdik ;f pdwrf auseyfEikd jf zpfaeMuvQif tmo0w&m;wdYk wd;k yGg;zG,&f momjzpf
avonf/
xdkYaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu ]&[ef;wdkY? omoemawmf &[ef;onf oifh
aomtaMumif;tm;jzifh qifjcif tcsrf;tyl?qmavmifrw
G o
f yd jf cif;? rSu?f jcif?
av? aeyl? a>r? uif;? oef; tawGUwdkYudk onf;cHEdkif\/ raumif;ojzifh qdktyf
ukeaf om raumif;ojzifh a&mufvmukeaf om pum;wdu
Yk v
kd nf;aumif;? ud,
k f
jzpfqJjzpfukefaom jyif;xefMurf;MuKwf cg;pyfusifem rom,mzG,f rESpfNrdKUzG,f
aom toufudk aqmifEdkifaom qif;&Ja0'emwdkYudkvnf;aumif; onf;cHEdkif
jcif;oabm&Sdol jzpf\/
&[ef;wdkY? ,if;t&mwdkYudk onf;rcHEdkifaom xdk&[ef;tm; tmoa0g
w&m;ESifh yifyef;jcif;udk jyKwwfukefaom udavom[laom ylavmifrIwdkYonf
jzpfukef&m\/ odkY (oifhaomtaMumif;tm;jzifh qifjcif) onf;cHEdkifaom
xdk&[ef;tm; tmoa0gw&m;ESifh yifyef;jcif;udk jyKwwfukefaom udavom[l
aom ylavmifrIwdkYonf rjzpfukef/ &[ef;wdkY? tmo0wdkYudk onf;cHjcif;jzifh
y,ftyfukef\[k qdktyfukef\} [k rdefYawmfrlavonf/
rifUarwmu ydkpGrf;w,f
bk&m;&Sio
f nf tcsdKUaom tmo0w&m;wdu
Yk kd (a&SmifMuOfoifo
h nfu)kd a&SmifMuOf
aomtm;jzifh y,f&rnfjzpfaMumif; enf;ay;a[mMum;awmfr\
l / rSeyf g\/ Ak'0g'
onf tcsdKUolrsm;xifrSwfxm;ouJhodkY b,fvdkrsdK;ESifhyJBuHKBuHK ra&SmifrvGJp
wrf;? rckcHpwrf;? onf;cHEdkifpGrf;&Sd&rnf[laom 0g'rsdK;um;r[kwf/ onf;cH
oifhonf;cHxdkufaom t&mrsdK;udk onf;cHjcif;? a&SmifvGJoifha&SmifvGJ xdkuf
onfwdkYudk a&SmifvGJjcif;jzifh tmo0w&m;ESifh yifyef;apwwfonfh udavom
ylavmifrIrsm;udk at;Nidrf;ap&rnf[laom t,l0g'rsdK;jzpfaMumif; aumif;pGm
oabmaygufoifhMu\/
rSe\
f / a&Smifoifah &Smifxu
kd o
f nfukd a&SmifMuOf&ef ysufuu
G yf gu rvdv
k m;
tyfaom tmo0w&m;rsm; wdk;yGg;vmwwfavonf/ tcsdKUaom a,m*Dyk*dKvf
rsm;onf tcsuf okwefvm owday;vrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk avhvmcGifhr&
Muonfh twGuf (ud,
k x
f if&m ud,
k v
f yk af erdMuonfuykd if Ak'0 g'a,mifa,mif
BuHaqmifMuNy;D oumv) tppt&m&m ightvdt
k wdik ;f jzpfonfr[kwf (tewygyJ)
[laom ESv;kH tcHEiS hf raumif;BuHvmoluykd if vufoifch rH d rSm;wwfMuavonf/
aemufq;kH wGif twdwu
f u
H v
kd cJT sjcif;? wpfzufom;udk tjypfzjYkd cif;paom omref
Ak'b
m om0ifw\
Ykd oGm;&mvrf;twdik ;f om tHBudwu
f mcHMu&Smavonf/ okwe f
a&SmifvTJxdkufonfwdkYudk bk&m;&SifnTefjyonfhtwdkif; pm&if;csjy&aomf ....
Murf;wrf;aomqif? Murf;wrf;aomjrif;? Murf;wrf;aomEGm;? Murf;wrf;

aomacG;? a>r [l ouf&Sdow0g 5 rsdK;ESifh opfikwf ql;&Sd&mXme? acsmuf?
urf;yg;? tnpftaMu;pGefY&mt&yf? tnpftaMu;pD;qif;&m wefpD;wGif; [l
t&yfXme 6 rsdK; jzpf\/
xdt
Yk jyif (u) raeoifah om ae&mt&yf aeaom&[ef;? (c) rusufpm;
oifhonf usufpm;aom &[ef;? (*) ,kwfrmaom rdwfaqGwdkYudk qnf;uyf
aom&[ef;udk ynm&Sdaom oDwif;oHk;azmfwdkYu ,HkrSm;oHo, &SdEdkifaMumif;?
xdaYk Mumifh xdo
k aYkd om oHo,jzpfavmufp&m ae&mt&yf? raygif;azmftyforl sm;
udkvnf; a&SmifMunf&rnfhtaMumif; enf;ay;nTefjyawmfrlavonf/
tenf;i,f pOf;pm;MunfhMuygpdkY/ a,m*Dr[l vlomrefrqdk rdrdxHodkY
uqkeaf ygufajy;vmaom EGm;? acG; ponfwEYkd iS hf BuHKvQif rnfojYkd yKMurnfenf;/
bk&m;&Sifurl a&SmifvGJ&ef wdkufwGef;vrf;nTefawmfrlxm;ygonf/ (arwmydkYwm
aemufxm;? a&SmifvTJ&ef t&ifqHk;BudK;pm;Mu&rnfomjzpfygonf/) odkYr[kwfyg
u ]at;[ uyd,BuD;&JU? rif;arwmu igharwmxuf ydkpGrf;oudk;} [laom
0wKrsdK;wdkYudk zefwD;&ma&mufMuvdrfhrnfom jzpfyg\/ 0wKaMumif;uav;rSm
atmufygtwdkif; jzpf\/
a&S;u bke;f awmfBuD;wpfyg;onf uy,
d wpfO;D ESit
hf wl tjcm;&Gmwpf&mG odYk
oGm;Muonfqdk\/ &GmESpf&GmtMum; v,fuGif;wpfckem;odkY a&mufaomtcg
EGm;BuD;wpfaumif ajy;vdkufvmonfudk awGUMu&avonf/ uyd,BuD;u olU
xrf;yd;k udk toifjh yifxm;vdu
k \
f / bke;f MuD;u ][J[
h hJ tomae? igarwmydv
Yk u
kd f
OD;r,f}[kqdkum arwmydkY\/ EGm;BuD;um; t&SdefravQmh? eD;oxufeD;vm\/
tajctaeraumif;awmh/ uy,
d BuD;u ]bke;f MuD;arwmeJY r&avmufb;l ? wynfh
awmfydkYMunfhOD;r,f}[k qdkum ]bkef;ueJ tkef;ueJ}&dkufawmhrS EGm;BuD;xGufajy;
avonf/ xdktcgrS bkef;MuD;u ]at;[ uyd,BuD;&JY? rif;arwmu igharwm
xuf ydkpGrf;oudk;}[k qdk&Smaom [l\/
pum;pyfrd pma&;ol\ udk,fawGUuav;wpfckudkyg ajymjyvdkygonf/
&rf;NAJNrdKU? ud,
k &f aH wmif awm&ausmif;uav;wGif acwow
D if;oH;k cJph Ofu jzpfyg
onf/ ocFef;ausmif;uav;\ acgif;&if;bufwGif oGifoGifpD;qif;aeonfh prf;
acsmif;uav;wpfck &SNd yD; xdak e&mwpf0u
kd w
f iG f o&ufyif? a&ozef;yif ponfwYkd
xlxyfpmG aygufa&mufvsuf &Sad eygonf/ o&ufyifuav;wpfyifukd aemufrjDS yK
xm;aom cHkwef;uav;wpfckonfum; naewdkif;tem;,l&m ae&muav;
jzpfcJhavonf/
wpfcak omaeY xdx

k ikd cf u
kH av;wGif xdik af ecdu
k f pma&;ol\a&SU a&ozef;
yifay:wGif (a'otac:tm;jzifh) ewforD;cg;yef;[k ac:aom a>rwpfaumif
wufaeonfukd awGUvdu
k &f ygonf/ xdak >ruav;onf [do
k pfacgif;udk acgif;wd;k
0ifvu
kd o
f nfo
h pfacgif;udk acgif;wd;k 0ifvu
kd jf zifh wpfcck u
k &fkd mS azGae[ef &Syd gonf/
pma&;olvnf; xdka>ruav;udk pdwf0ifwpm; Munfhaerdcdkuf rdrdaemuf
ausmbufrS bkwfueJ toHwpfoH Mum;vdkuf& vSnfhMunfhvdkufaomtcg
vQmuav; wpfvpfwpfvpfjzifh OD;acgif;axmifxm;aom tvm;wl a>ri,f
wpfaumifukd awGUvdu
k &f ygonf/ (xdak >rrsdK;wdo
Yk nf opfyifay:rS ckecf swwfavh
&SdMuygonf/) pma&;olvnf; ]tif; ... cEokwfy&dwfawmfudk &GwfMunfhOD;rSyJ}
[laomtawG;jzifh ]oAmoD0do ZmwDeH? 'dArEH *'H0d,} rSp av;eufpGm
&Gwzf wfvu
kd af vonf/ a>ri,fum; aemuforYkd qkw?f a&SUudo
k mwd;k wd;k vmonf
rSm vufwurf;odyYk if a&mufvmavonf/ rjzpfawmh? uy,
d enf;udk oH;k &av
onf/ ][Jh a&TU a&TU}[k qdkum armif;xkwfawmhrS aemufaMumif;jyefvSnfh
xGufoGm;awmhonf/
xdt
k aMumif;udk ajymjyrdaomtcg oli,fcsif;wpfyg;u ]ud,
k af wmh y&dwf
u w,fpGrf;oudk;? cEokwfudk&Gwfawmh tJ'Dy&dwfudk oabmusvdkYom a>ru
a&SUwd;k vmwmaygh}[k t&Te;f azmufavonf/ rnfoq
Ykd akd p a&Smifoifah &Smifxu
kd f
onfudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;jzifh rjzpfao;aom tmo0 udavomylavmifrIwdkYudk
y,f&Sm;Mu&ef vdktyfaMumif; owdaumif;aumif; jyKrdcJhygonf/ ]ig w&m;vkyf
aewmyJ bmyJ nmyJ}qdu
k m a>rvnf;ra&Smif? uif;vnf;ra&SmifbJ xifrx
d if&m
ayawaeMurnf qdkygvQif rvdkvm;tyfaom tjzpfqdk;rsm;ESifh BuHKMu&rnf
omjzpfNyD; rdrdaMumifh(rdrdomru)rdrdESifh w&m;tm;xkwfazmf tm;xkwfzufrsm;
yg pdwftaESmifht,SufjzpfMu&rnfrSm taotcsmyif jzpfygawmhonf/
xdkYaMumifh bk&m;ocifu ...
]&[ef;wdkY ,if;t&mudk ra&SmifMuOfaom xdk&[ef;tm; tmoa0gw&m;
ESihf yifyef;jcif;udk jyKwwfukefaom udavom[laom ylavmifrIwdkYonf jzpf
ukef&m\/ odkY (oihfaom taMumif;tm;jzihf qifjcif) a&SmifMuOfaom xdk
&[ef;tm; tmoa0gw&m;ESifh yifyef;jcif;udk jyKwwfuek af om udavom[laom
ylavmifrIwdkYonf rjzpfukef/ &[ef;wdkY tmo0wdkYudk a&SmifMuOfjcif;jzihf y,f
tyfukef\[k qdktyfukef\}[k a[mMum;awmfrlavonf/
tdyaf eusae&mrSm rtdyef hJ

bk&m;&Sio
f nf tcsdKUtmo0w&m;wdu
Yk kd azsmufzsufjcif;jzifh y,f&iS ;f Mu&ef quf
vufenf;ay; a[mMum;awmfro
l nf/ ae&mwGif w&m;tm;xkwo
f l a,m*Drsm;
taejzifh y,fazsmuftyfaom atmufyg tukov0dwuf (3)rsKd ;udk od&edS m;vnf
xm;Mu&rnf jzpf\/
u/ umr0dwuf = umrESifhywfouf BuHpnfrI
c/ Asmyg'0dwuf = zsufqD;vdkrIESifhywfouf BuHpnfrI
*/ 0d[d Hom0dwuf = nif;qJESdyfpufvdkrIESifhywfouf BuHpnfrI
wu,fpifppfwGif aeYpOf vlrIb0 kef;uefusifvnfaeMuol rsm;\
o@mef 0dwuf 3 yg;onf uRrf;0if,Ofyg;NyD; jzpfaeMuonfom rsm;\/
xdkYaMumifhyif q&mBuD;wpfOD;u ]OD;ykofapmifhaomaeYqdkvQif aeYpOf tdyfaeMu
tdyf,myif rtdyfoifhaMumif;? tdyfaeMu tdyf,mtdyfvQif ay:aeuspdwfrsdK;
jzpfay:wwfaMumif;} yGiyhf iG v
hf if;vif; rdeq
Yf o
kd mG ;jcif; jzpfygvdrrhf nf/ umr0dwuf
[lonf xdkodkYaom oabmrsdK;txd qdkvdkjcif; jzpfyg\/
xdt
k BuHtpnf 3 rsdK; ay:aygufvmvQif csufcsif; ESrd ef if;y,f&iS ;f Mu&rnf
jzpf\/ b,fenf;jzifh y,fy,f xdw
k &m;qd;k wdYk aysmuf&efv&kd if; jzpf\/ tysufukd
IyJ azsmufazsmuf? tHBudww
f ufacgufyJ azsmufazsmuf &Edik o
f avmufaom
enf;jzifhy,fazsmufMu&myg\/ xdkYaMumifh oAmo0okwef xdk0dwufqdk; 3rsdK;
udk vufrcH&ef? pGefYy,f&ef? azsmufzsuf&ef? tqHk;pGeftm;jzifh uif;a0;ap&ef?
xyfumxyfum jyefrjzpfap&ef jyKMu&rnf jzpfaMumif; txyfxyf nTeMf um;xm;
onfudk awGUEdkifMuavonf/
aAmZifw&m;udk yGm;rsm;jcif;
Pali Nikayas
bmom&yftaMumif;rS a'oemawmfwpfckESifhwpfckudk nSd,ljcif;

oabmudk a&SUydkif; rdwfqufazmfjycJhonfhtwdkif; r[mowdy|meokwef?
oAmo0okwe ?f a'G"m0dwuow
k e ?f 0dwuo@meokwe f ponfwu
Ykd kd ud;k um;
Buddhist Meditation (Ak'0g't& w&m;tm;xkwf IrSwfyHk)taMumif;udk
aqG;aEG;aeMujcif;jzpfygonf/ tydik ;f onf tcsdKUaom pmzwforl sm;udk NiD;aiGU
aumif; Ni;D aiGUapEdik rf nf jzpfaomfvnf; wu,fpifppfwiG f taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
csefvSyfxm;cJh&efvnf; rjzpfEdkifyg/
pma&;olwdkY oD&dvuFma&muf jrefrm&[ef;awmfrsm;taejzifh rnfonfh
bmom&yfrsm;udk rnfodkYavhvmMu&onf? 4if;wdkYudk (w&m;tm;xkwfjcif;?
pdwfaomua&mufaeolrsm;udk ESpfodrfhaqG;aEG;ay;jcif;? vlrIa&;vkyfief;rsm;
yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif; paom) vufawGUvkyfief;cGifwdkY rnfodkYrnfyHk toHk;csEdkif
onf ponfh owif;tcsut
f vufrsm;udk wwfprG ;f orQ ay;oGm;&ef &nf&,
G x
f m;
onfhtavsmuf Ak'bmom0if olawmfpifrsm; *k*g&0xm;&m w&m;tm;onfh
tydkif;udk t"duxm; rD;armif;xdk;jy&jcif;vnf; jzpfygonf/
od&Yk mwGif pmtkyif ,fonf taMumif;t&mwpfcw

k nf;udo
k m aZmufcs
a&;om;tyfonfrsdK; r[kwfonfhtwGuf w&m;tm;xkwfjcif; (Meditation)?
Ak'0 g't& pdwu
f pkd w
d jf zifu
h o
k jcif; (Buddhist Psychotherapy) paom bmom
&yfwu
Ykd kd a&qH;k ajrqH;k vdu
k v
f &H iS ;f jyjcif;jyKEdik rf nfum; r[kwyf gacs/ rnfoq
Ykd akd p
,ckavmavmq,fwiG rf l oAmo0okwe \
f aemufyw
d q
f ;kH ckepfcak jrmufjzpfaom
yGg;rsm;jcif;(bm0em)jzifh y,ftyfukefaom tmo0w&m;rsm;taMumif;udk oAm
o0okwefed*Hk;taetm;jzifh a&;om;oGm;ygrnf/
bk&m;&Sio
f nf tcsKd Uaom tmo0w&m;wdu
Yk ykd mG ;jcif;jzifh y,f&rnfukd enf;
ay;a[mMum;awmfr\
l / yGm;jcif;[lonf aAmZsifcek pfyg;udk yGm;rsm;&rnf[k
nTefjyawmfrl\/ (aAmZsifw&m;rsm;udk yGm;rsm;jcif;[lonf wpfBudrfu ESpfMudrf
ESpfMudrfu av;Mudrfav;Mudrfu &SpfBudrf ponfjzifh rdrd\o@mef aAmZsif
w&m;rsm;wd;k yGg;oxuf wd;k yGm;vmatmif tm;xkw&f ,ljcif;udk qdv
k \
kd /) aAmZsif
[lonf aAmZs*F = aAm"d + t*F [laom ygVdpum;vH;k rS qif;oufvmjcif;jzpfNy;D
opmav;yg;ukd oad Mumif;t*F g&yfrsm;[k qv
kd ykd gonf/ aAmZsicf ek pfyg;um; atmufyg
twdik ;f jzpf\/
1/ owdoarmZsif = opmav;yg;ukd odaMumif;jzpfaom atmufarhrI
(owd)
2/ "r0dp,oarmZsif = opmav;yg;ukd odaMumif;jzpfaom
qkdif&mw&m;rsm;ukd pdppfwwfrI (ynm)
3/ 0D&d,oarmZsif = opmav;yg;ukd odaMumif;jzpfaom tm;xkwrf I
(0D&d,)
4/ yDwdoarmZsif
= opmav;yg;ukd odaMumif;jzpfaom
ESpfouf&Tifvef;rI (yDwd)
5/ y'doarmZsif = opmav;yg;ukd odaMumif;jzpfaom Nidrf;at;rI
(y'd)
6/ orm"doarmZsif = opmav;yg;ukd odaMumif;jzpfaom wnfMunfrI
(orm"d)
7/ OayumoarmZsif = opmav;yg;ukd odaMumif;jzpfaom vspfvsLIrI
(wMwrZswwm)
aAmZsifw&m;wdkYudk rnfodkYrnfyHk yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf&rnfudk pmIol
rdwfaqGrsm;tm;enf;ay;vdkygonf/ aAmZsifw&m;ckepfyg;wGif ....
1/ owdoarmZsif? 3/ 0D&d,oarmZsifESifh 6/ orm"doarmZsif wdkYonf
orm"dEiS yhf wfoufaom aAmZsiw
f &m; 3 yg; jzpfMu\/ (,SOx
f ;kd avhvmMunfv
h sS if
r*if 8 yg; orm"dr*if 3 yg;[lonf azmfjyyg 1 3 6 trSwjf y aAmZsiw

f &m;wdYk
\trnfuGJrsm;omjzpfaMumif; awGUMu&rnf jzpfygonf)/
xdkwGifvnf; ....
1/ owdoarmZsifESifh 3/ 0D&d,oarmZsifwdkYonf taMumif;jzpfaom
aAmZsifwdkYjzpfaMumif;ESifh 6/ orm"doarmZsifonf tusdK;aAmZsifjzpfaMumif;
aumif;pGmodjrifem;vnfMu&ygrnf/ rnfonft
h &mrqdk taMumif;vHak vmufvQif
tusdK;jzpfNrJ"rwmjzpf&um;taMumif;aAmZsifESpfyg;udkom xdxda&mufa&muf
tm;xkwyf mG ;rsm;Mu&rnfjzpfay\/ (qdv
k o
kd nfrmS owdEiS 0hf &D ,
d tm;aumif;vQif
orm"d[lonf jzpfay:vmNrJjzpfonf/ ]ig orm"d raumif;bl; pdwfrwnfNidrf
bl;}qdv
k Qif owdEiS hf 0d&,
d wpfcck k tydt
k vGef t,kwt
f avsmh&adS eNyDjzpfaMumif;
owdjyKrdMu&ef jzpfyg\/) vdo
k nfuw
kd ;kd ? ydo
k nfukd avQmhMuuke&f myg\/ xdw
k iG f
owdum; ydkvGefonfr&Sd [lyg\/) w&m;oHk;yg;pHknDvmvQif tm;xkwfol
\o@mef 1/ owdoarmZsif? 3/ 0D&d,oarmZsifESifh 6/ orm"doarmZsif
[laom orm"dESifhywfoufaom aAmZsifw&m; 3 wdkYudk xdkufoifhoavmuf
yGm;rsm;&&SdNyD[k qdkEdkifavonf/
xdt
k cg tusKd ;w&m;wdik ;f wGif tusKd ;quf[o
l nf&NdS rjJ zpfay&um; orm"dEiS hf
ywfoufaom xdkaAmZsifw&m; 3 yg;\tusdK;quf (consequences) tjzpf
4/ yDwdoarmZsifESifh 5/ y'doarmZsifESpfyg;wdkYonf jzpfNrJ"rwmtwdkif;
jzpfay:vm&avonf/ aAmZsifEpS yf g; jzpfygG ;vmaomtcg ESpo
f uf&iT v
f ef;rI
(yDwd)? tyltat;ponfrQw a0'empaomemrfw&m; 3 yg;\ Nidrf;at;rI
(um,y')d pdw\
f Nidr;f at;rI (pdwy ')d wdYk tm;BuD;vm&um; xdak t;Nidr;f rI
emrfw&m;wdkY\tpGrf;aMumifh kyfjzpfaom a&m*ga0'emrsm;vnf; aysmufNidrf;
csrf;omjcif;odkY a&mufMu&avonf/
xdaYk emuf 0dyemydik ;f odYk ul;ajymif;aomtcgum; xdyk w
D d y'w
d u
Ykd kd
y,fcgG &eftwGuf 7/ OayumoarmZsiu
f kd xdxrd rd yd mG ;rsm;Mu&ygawmhrnf/ rSe\
f /
Oayumoabmudrk S raqmifEikd v
f Qif yGg;rsm;tm;xkwMf uygonfqakd om 0dyem
mPf ("r0pd ,oarmZsif)onf tm;BuD;aom 0dyemmPf (Av00dyem)
tjzpfoYkd rnforYkd Qa&mufEikd v
f rd rhf nf r[kwaf cs/ xdaYk Mumifh a&SUr[mowd y|me
okwaf wmfazmfjycJah om .... tIcw
H &m;wdt
Yk ay:wyfrufjcif;(tbdZs m)? tIcH
w&m;wdkYtay:pdwfysufjcif;(a'gre)wdkYudk y,fazsmuf) [lonfESifhtnD
wyfEpS o
f ufp&mtIcw
H &m;wdYk vnf; Niu
d yf raeapbJ pdwyf supf &m tIcw
H &m;
wdkYtay:vnf; pdwfrysufapbJ Oayumoabmudkaqmif IrSwfEdkifatmif
BudK;pm;Mu&rnfjzpfavonf/ xdo
k Ykd aumif;qd;k ESpw
f efaom tIcw
H &m;wdt
Yk ay:
ESpfouf? pdwfysuf[laom tpGef;ESpfzuftvnfrSazmufxGufum vspfvsLI
vmEdik Nf yDqv
kd Qif 7/ OayumoarmZsifukd txdu
k t
f avsmuf yGm;rsm;vmEdik Nf yD[k
ac:qdkEdkifavonf/
xdo
k Ykd tIcw
H &m;wdt
Yk ay: ESpo
f ufpdwyf suf tpGe;f ESpzf ufrS vGwv
f w
G f
a&Smifxu
G u
f m Oayumoabmudak qmif xdt
k Icw
H &m;wd\
Yk tNrJt&Srd I (tedp
tcsu)f ? qif;&Jr(I 'kut
csu)f ? tpd;k rydik rf (I tewtcsu)f wdu
Yk kd uGuu
f u
G u
f iG ;f uGi;f
IEdkifvmvQif xdkoabmudkyif "r0dp,oarmZsif[k ac:qdk&avonf/ ("r
0dp,oarmZsifjzpfz&Ykd ef tedpp aom oabmvuPmoH;k &yfwiG f wpf&yf&yfjzifh
wdwdyy&IrSwfEdkif&rnfjzpfaMumif; aumif;pGmowdjyKawmfrlMu&myg\/)
txl;rSwfcsuf/ / xdaYk Mumifyh if tcsKd Uaom q&mjrwfwu
(txl
Ykd aAmZsiw
f &m;
wdkYrnfonf O',A,mPfaemufydkif;wGifrS pwifjzpfay:onf[k rdefYqdkawmfrl
cJMh ujcif;jzpfvrd rhf nf[k xifjrif,q
l rdygonf/ od&Yk mwGif Oypmtm;jzifh xdOk ',A,
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t&Sif0dom&'(&rm0wD)
Visarada.ven@gmail.com
Ph: 09 731 89248, 01 638503
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usef;rmcsrf;omygap /
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(pma&;olu,
kd w
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oQifom&-tif;awmif uavmifcjJG zifh a&;om;cJzh ;l aomay;pmudk
trSww
f & jyefvnfazmfjytyfygaMumif;)
Transference of Merits
Idam me natinam hotu
Sukhita hontu natayo
May all the merits that I accrued, including the printing of this
book,
Be transferred to Billy (or Willie) Ang, my one and only little
brother this life,
Who never survive!
May he be reborn with a perfect human body and mind.
May he seek rebirth in a better realm conducive to learn the
Dhamma.
May he meet the next Buddha and attain the ultimate bliss:
NIBBANA!
Melissa Ang
a wmf 0 if
pm a y
vl[kjzpfvm? vlwdkhrSm0,f
vl h&GmusifUjrwf? vlusifUtyfvsuf
vlo
h uf&SnfrQ? vlusifU&\/
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vlyifjzpfjim;? vlyh grmT ;rSm
vlY &Gmtv,f? vlypfy,f
vl0,frvS? vlah tmufusonf
vlonf vl0h wfausoifU\/ /
t&Sif0dom&'?&rm0wD?
a wmf 0 if
pm a y
a wmf 0 if
pm a y
a wmf 0 if
pm a y

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