Phng php chia subnet cc nhanh bng cch m lng ngn tay

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http://forum.itlab.com.vn/showthread.php?t=3846

Phng php chia subnet cc nhanh bng cch m lng ngn tay
PHNG PHP CHIA SUBNET BNG CCH M LNG NGN TAY
Khi tnh ton IP, chia subnet th chng ta thng p dng cng thc tnh ton.
Cng thc tnh l 2^n v 2^h - 2 ( 2^m -2 ),
- tnh tng s subnet c c sau khi chia ta dng cng thc 2^n, trong n l s bit mn
chia subnet trong octet (mn lm network id).
- tnh tng s host/subnet ta dng cng thc 2^h-2, trong h l tng s bit cn li dng lm
host sau khi mn . Ta phi tr 2 v cn b a ch subnet id v broadcast.
Ni s s qua cch tnh truyn thng nh vy thi, gi chng ta tm hiu cch nhm nhanh bng
cch m lng tay nh!
PHNG PHP CHIA SUBNET BNG CCH M LNG NGN TAY

u tin cc bn xe bn tay tri ra v m theo hnh:

m theo s mu en nh!

Cc bn bn tay chng ta c tt c 14 lng tay, mi lng tay tng trng cho 1 bit nh! ^^
m 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384.
m i m li cho thuc i nh cc bn.
- tnh tng s lng Subnet id c c sau khi chia, ta m s bit mn lm subnet id trong
octet l ra. Mn 3 bit th m 2 4 8, mn 4 bit th m 2 4 8 16, gi tr ca bit m sau cng
chnh l tng s subnet id sau khi c chia ra.
V d: 10.10.0.0 /13 ---> mn 5 bit ---> m 2 4 8 16 32. Vy mng ny c 32 subnet.
- tnh bc nhy trong mi subnet id. Ta m s bit cn li dng lm host trong ring octet .
Gi tr ca bit c m sau cng cng l gi tr ca bc nhy trong octet .
V d: 172.35.0.0/19. Tc l a ch lp B s mn 3 bit octet th 3 lm subnet id. Dng phng

12/3/2012 6:44 PM

Phng php chia subnet cc nhanh bng cch m lng ngn tay

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http://forum.itlab.com.vn/showthread.php?t=3846

V d: 172.35.0.0/19. Tc l a ch lp B s mn 3 bit octet th 3 lm subnet id. Dng phng

php m ta c 2 4 8, 3 bit mn ri, vy tng s subnet id l 8. Ta bit trong octet th 3 sau
khi cho mn 3 bit lm net id th cn li 5 bit lm host, vy ta m 2 4 8 16 32, 5 bit ri, gi tr
l 32, v cng chnh l bc nhy ca subnet id., th xem no:
-172.35.0.0/19
-172.35.32.0/19
-172.35.64.0/19
-172.35.96.0/19
-172.35.128.0/19
-172.35.160.0/19
-172.35.192.0/19
-172.35.224.0/19
Ta c tng cng 8 subnet id, vi bc nhy l 32.
- tnh a ch broadcast ca mt subnet id ta ly subnet id k tip gim 1. V d, tnh
broadcast ca subnet id 172.35.64.0/19, ta ly subnet id k tip l 172.35.96.0/19 gim 1 ==
172.35.95.255/19 y chnh l broadcast ca subnet id 172.35.64.0
- tnh s host trong mt subnet, ta m ton b s bit host cn li trong subnet v ly gi tr bit
sau cng -2, Lu l khng phn bit octet. Nhc li, ta ly gi tr ca bit c m sau cng 2 ta c s host trong subnet id c th xi.
Trong v d subnet 172.35.64.0/19, ta nhn bit ton b s bit dng lm host cn li l 13. Ta m
2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192, 13 bit ri, ok, s host trong mng s l 8192
-2 = 8190. V sao -2, v ta phi tr b a ch subnet id v broadcast. Hay n gin hn c th
nhn thy l s host c th xi c trong dy:
172.35.64.1/19 ----> 172.35.95.254/19
V ng thi n cng lt gia 2 subnet id v broadcast.
Lu : Phng php m t 2 khng c dng tnh tng s gi tr ca 1 octet chy t 0->255.
Hay ni cch khc l khng c dng tnh tng gi tr ca 1 dy bit nh 10101101. tnh
tng s gi tr ca dy trn ta phi m t 1, cng cc gi tr c bit 1 vi nhau.
Ngoi ra, yu cu cc bn cn nh v thuc:
1xxxxxxx =128
11xxxxxx =192
111xxxxx =224
1111xxxx =240
11111xxx =248
111111xx =252
1111111x =254
11111111 =255
v
2^0 = 1
2^1 = 2
2^2 = 4
2^3 = 8
2^4 = 16
2^5 = 32
2^6 = 64
2^7 = 128
2^8 = 256
Cc bn cng c th dng bn tay phi ghi nh cc gi tr trn , dng nhm nhanh subnet mask
ca mng.

12/3/2012 6:44 PM

Phng php chia subnet cc nhanh bng cch m lng ngn tay

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Mn 1 bit
Mn 2 bit
Mn 3 bit
Mn 4 bit
Mn 5 bit
Mn 6 bit
Mn 7 bit
Mn 8 bit

http://forum.itlab.com.vn/showthread.php?t=3846

: 128
: 192
: 224
: 240
: 248
: 252
: 254
: 255

V d : 10.10.0.0 /13 --mn 5 bit ---> S/M: 255.248.0.0

155.55.3.32 /28 -- mn 12 bit = 8 +4 ----> S/M: 255.255.255.240
Nu cc bn nhun nhuyn cch tnh ny, ti tin rng cc bn s tnh ton, chia subnet rt nhanh!!

12/3/2012 6:44 PM