1 (: )Diodes

( .)Cathode

()Anode

()Standard Diodes

( )rectification circuits

( .)rectifiers

( .)Bridge rectifier ( )voltage doublers

( )clipping and clamping circuits

 ( )demodulators

( )diode detector ( ratio

)detector
3.3 3.7
.

2 Germanium Diode :

Bridge

( )N40011

3 Silicon controlled rectifier Diode :

223

313

433

30

4 () ()Breakdown or Zener Diodes

:

) ( p ) ( n

) ( n

) ( p

12

6.1

12-6.1= 5.9

( )

zener diode characteristic

) ( polarized forward

( )

)
Vz
.

( .)breakdown voltage
.

5 ()Varactor or Varicap Diodes

9

 ( )depletion region

Varactor Diode

variable capacitance diode

Tuning DiodeVaricap Diode

10

P N

- varactor symbol

( )capacitance

( )voltage control oscillators

( )phase-locked loops

11

 6 ()Schottky Diodes

( )Walter Schottky

3.15 3.45.

12

) ,

ps 13

p-

1.7 3.7
13

 3.45 3.15 .

3.15 3.45.

( )switching speed

7 ( & Light Emitting Diodes

14

)laser diodes

( Nick

)Holonyak 1962 .

( )conduction band

( .)valence band

( .)indirect bandgap

(.)direct bandgap

. ( )AlGaAs

( )AlGaP

( )GaAsP

( )GaP

( )InGaN .

15

LED Light Emitting

Diodes

LED

LED

LED

semiconductor
:

.Doping LED

( )AlGaAs

Negative
16

Positive

N P

N
P

.Depletion Zone

N .P

N P

N
P

17

18

 N P

Photons

19

N P

. LED

20

 LED

LED

LED

( )resonant cavity
( )stimulated emission

( spontaneous

)emission .

21

.. " "

"
"

.. "

"

LED

100 1 LED

8 :

..

( ) ..

( )
22

..

) a2() a1(

..

R = (VS - VL) / I

IF
VF
VF VR
Luminous Viewing
Wavelength
max. typ. max. max.
intensity
angle
Standard
Red 30mA 1.7V 2.1V 5V 5mcd @ 10mA 60
660nm
Bright
80mcd @
Standard
30mA 2.0V 2.5V 5V
60
625nm
red
10mA
32mcd @
Standard Yellow 30mA 2.1V 2.5V 5V
60
590nm
10mA
32mcd @
Standard
Green 25mA 2.2V 2.5V 5V
60
565nm
10mA
High
60mcd @
Blue 30mA 4.5V 5.5V 5V
50
430nm
intensity
20mA
Super
500mcd @
Red 30mA 1.85V 2.5V 5V
60
660nm
bright
20mA
Low current
Red 30mA 1.7V 2.0V 5V 5mcd @ 2mA
60
625nm
Type

Colour

.. : IF max
..

: VF typ

.. : VF max
.. : VF max

.. mcd = millicandela : Luminous intensity

.. : Viewing angle

23

 : Wavelength

. nm = nanometer

9 ()Photodiodes

24

193 1133

433 1733

( )intrinsic

(.)PIN

( .) solar cells or photovoltaic cell

N P

25

IR ..

( )Tunnel Diodes ( Leona

)Esaki 1958 ( negative

)resistance

333 .

( )Gunn diode
)Gunn 1963

( John

26

11

)Tunnel

: ) diodes

( : ) Types of diodes

27

 :
28

: , , ,
, , ,

, ,

,
.
,,,,,,,,,,,

:
29

: . ) ( 1
: 2

. /
. 3
: -

1)http://rs239p2.rapidshare.com/cgi
bin/rsapi.cgi?sub=download&fileid=74846746&filename=Po
wer_Electron
rs239p2.rapidshare.com
2)https://www.google.iq/url?sa=t&rct=j&q&esrc=s&source
=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CDMQFjAA&url=http%3A
%2F%2
3) POWER ELECTRONICS HANDBOOK ,
http:==www.academicpress.com.
4 ) http://www.ibtesama.com/vb/showthread-t_189216.html.
5)http://www.qariya.com/electronics/diode_type.htm.

30