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Flexural Analysis and Design of Beamns 1
Flexural Analysis and Design of Beamns 1
45o
n = f
1 and 2 are Major Principle Stresses
Flexural Shear Cracks In the regions of high shear due to diagonal tension, the inclined cracks develop as an extension of flexural cracks and are termed as Flexural Shear Cracks.
This test is performed by loading a standard 150mm x 300mm cylinder by a line load perpendicular to its longitudinal axis with cylinder placed horizontally on the testing machine platen. The tensile strength can be defined as
ft = 2P / ( DL)
Where P = Total value of line load registered by machine D = Diameter of concrete cylinder L = Cylinder height
In this test a concrete cylinder is placed vertically between the loading platens of the machine and is compressed by two steel punches placed parallel to top and bottom end surfaces. The sample splits across many vertical diametrical planes radiating from central axis. Q Tensile strength can be defined as
2a
ft = Q / [ (1.2bH-a2)]
Q = Crushing Load
2b
For many years, tensile strength has been measured in terms of the modulus of rupture fr, the computed flexural tensile stress at which a test beam of plain cement concrete fractures Because this nominal stress is computed on the assumption that concrete is an elastic material, and because this bending stress is localized at the outermost surface, it is larger than the strength of concrete in uniform axial tension. It is a measure of, but not identical with the real axial tensile strength.
Two point loading
fr = 0.69 fc
fc and fr are in MPa ACI code give a formula for fr
ft = 5/12 fc
and
ft = 1/4 fc
Tensile strength compressive strength. Tensile strength of concrete is generally 8 to 15% of compressive strength.
Transformed Section
Width of the extended area is same as diameter of steel bar and its distance from compression face remains same.
n = Es / Ec
nAs/2
nAs/2
Once the transformed section has been formed the sectional properties (A, Location of N.A., I, S etc) are calculated in usual manner
Concluded