! 
  

&% !"

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.1.1
.2.1

&) / J NH3 .H G          :

NH 3( aq ) + H 2O
) NH 4+( aq ) + OH (aq
   &&"&  K;7 $L&) / @= 9   .
& S. ; pH =' , 25C &) / '& $% C=0,1mol.L-1 "# *&
.pH=11,2

1.2.1' )/ &&"&   , =' 1&%.

A& 2.2.1) A. '& %. /&)1    '&%)./   ,.
.3.1

= &7 1G ,.

.4.1

= &  7  <;*' &* 9  7 ) 3 4 &2  1

.k=1,0.10-2m
 &  3&) / P .

.5.1

('& ; : ', 25C

-14

Ke =10

NH = 7,4.10 S.m .mol

2

+
4

OH = 2,0.10 2 S .m 2 .mol 1

2
,. , =  V=100mL Q  , @= A 1mmol 9 &"# &?) . 2mmol
A. )?.B A 1mmol. &?) @= A 1mmol..)?.B
S  9,;  Q =@ ..)?.B
.1.2    =@ &?) . . )?.B , %& A @=/ &.A
 ? .2.2 * = & * .9T /
.3.2 & * ;  "U @=  3 &?) . . )?.B  .K=10
.4.2=' 1& % @= A &?) . . )?.B . &?) =@ ; .)?.B
 , ;.&"U

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3
A 35g 9 =1,4g/cm &Q,  .'; @ , S0 Q " , ,.
., G A 100g   HNO3 V 2 @ ,
.C0=7,78 mol.L-1  S0 , %& 'A& .1.3
3

% ', A  LS) C1=5.10-2 mol.L-1 $%& 'S1 " , A 10L '&W, .') .2.3
.S0
.& $G Q)B S0 , A V0 L XQ,  1=
  =@   .'; =@ A& pH=1,3 &* S1 , pH  &S. .3.3
.  
A 90mL 9 , =  S1 , A 10mL )'S2 , 9 T, .4.3
.Z&2 ' ,) X3 'S*
.S2 , pH %& '1=

4
-2

-1

; , pH  &S. . C=10 mol.L

$%& 'AH @, S &" [, 'W,)

.pH=3,4 &* 25C ', 
.      K&\ @= AH A& .1.4
. AH/A- % KA &W,  3 1= .2.4

 .% 1= < Q  = /  AH @, =  & / A& A A& .3.4
.@,
C3H7COOH
1,32.10-5

C6H5COOH
6,31.10-5

HCOOH
1,78.10-4

CH3COOH
1,65.10-5

@, &^ 7
KA &W,  3

5
";3 @, S2 [, ( ClCH2COOH) .)?.@ , S1 [, '#)
. C=10mmol.L-1 %& )_ 'U (HCCl2COOH) .)?.
2= 0,33m.S-1 1= 0,167m.S-1 : S2 S1 A& , & 7  9 S)
. P @=      .1.5
., )   ./ %&  '.2.5
.A& A.U "U;  * #1) `;< .3.5
.A& A. A   72   3 1= .4.5

( H O
3

.[ ?  a "U;  * #1) 4) & A& .5.5

= 35.10 3 S .m 2 .mol 1 ; ( ClCH COO ) = 4,22.10 3 S .m 2 .mol 1

( HCCl COO ) = 3,83.10 3 S .m 2 .mol 1

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/0

1
+

A # b) 'K.' 1= U  P  Lc H ) '1. )&/

.
.2.1
NH 3 ; NH 4+ ; OH ; H 3O + ; H 2O :,  ) &&"& / 1.2.1
[H 3O + ] = 10 pH = 1011, 2 = 6,31.1012 mol.L1
Ke
10 14
[OH ] =
=
= 1,58.10 3 mol.L1
+
12
[H 3O ] 6,31.10
[NH 4+ ] = [OH ] = 1,58.103 mol.L1
[NH 3 ] = C [ NH 4+ ] = 0,1 1,58.103 = 9,84.102 mol.L1

'c/ %&   'P )  \& *H3O+ )&1/) . %& 'd=L) 2.2.1

.U   U  A.   
:   , & 7 ) )&1/) . f
=

. NH +
. OH =
+
. OH

+
+
4
OH
OH
NH
NH

4
4

= (7,4.10 + 2,0.10 ).1,58 = 4,33.10 S .m

3

G=k. = 1,0.10 .4,33.10 =4,33.10 S

-2

K=

-2

]
:

: ;. .4.1

-4

[NH ] [OH ]
+
4 eq

:;. .5.1

[NH ]

eq

3 eq

K=

(1,58.10 )

3 2

9,84.10

.3.1

:
= 2,53.10 5

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2
HCOOH ( aq ) + CH 3COO(aq )

HCOOH/HCOO

HCOO(aq ) + CH 3COOH ( aq )
: %

CH3COOH/CH3COO

.1.2

.2.2
HCOOH ( aq )

+ CH 3COO(aq )

HCOO(aq )

+ CH 3COOH ( aq )



x 

 ,

mmol

(mmol) & 
2
1
2-x
1+x
2 xf
1+ xf

1
1-x
1 xf

1
1+x
1+ xf

0
x
xf

&"#   ,
, Lc
&"U;   ,

1 xmax 1 = 0 xmax 1 = 1mmol

2 xmax 2 = 0 xmax 2 = 2mmol

: xmax 1 < xmax 2 

xmax = xmax 1 = 1mmol

.3.2
:;.

[ HCOO ][CH 3COOH ]

[ HCOOH ][CH 3COO ]
(1 + x f ) 2
K = 10 =
(1 x f )(2 x f )

K=

:
10(1 x f )(2 x f ) = (1 + x f ) 9 x 32 x f + 19 = 0
2

2
f

:L=  

16 85
= 0,753mmol
x f 1 =
9

x = 16 + 85 = 2,80mmol
f 2
9

x f xmax X)

x f = x f 1 = 0,75mmol  =& , 9*#. x f 2 > xmax 

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[ HCOO ]eq = [CH 3COOH ]eq =

1 xf

1+ xf
V

1,75
= 17,5mmol.L1 = 1,75.10 2 mol.L1
0,1

.4.2

1 0,75
= 2,5mmol.L1
V
0,1
2 x f 2 0,75
[CH 3COO ]eq =
=
= 12,5mmol.L1 = 1,25.10 2 mol.L1
V
0,1

[ HCOOH ]eq =

3
:m  Q  , A V Q= '#) .1.3
C0 =

n( HNO3 )
m( HNO3 )
35m
35 .V
=
=
=
V
M ( HNO3 ).V 100M ( HNO3 ).V 100M ( HNO3 ).V

C0 =

35
100M ( HNO3 )

:
C0 =

35.1,4.10
49.10
=
= 7,78mol.L1
3
100.63
6,3.10

.V1=10L ; C1=5.10-2 mol.L-1 :K&2 "  & U;  , V"Tc :;. .2.3

:K&2 ; & 3 d,; ,   G HNO3 & X)
n0 ( HNO3 ) = n1 ( HNO3 ) C0V0 = C1V 1
:
CV
V0 = 1 1
C0
:
2
5.10 .10
V0 =
= 0,06427 L = 64,27 mL
7,78
[ H 3O ] = 10

= 10 = 5.10 mol.L
. =@ A # HNO3 @, [ H 3O + ] = C1 : 
:&"&&  
+

HNO3 + H 2O H 3O( aq ) + NO3( aq )

+

pH

1, 3

.3.3

:K&2 ; & 3; . .4.3

2

C1V1 5.10 .10

=
= 5.10 3 mol.L1
1
V2
10
+
:   [ H 3O ] = C2 = 5.10 3 mol.L1 :f @ , 
pH=-log([H3O+]=3-log(5)=2,3
C1V1 = C2V2 C2 =

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4
[ H 3O + ] = 10 pH = 10 3, 4 = 3,98.10 4 mol.L1
.K&\ @= AH @, [ H 3O + ] < C 
:&"&&  

+
AH ( aq ) + H 2O
A( aq ) + H 3O( aq )

:;. .2.4

[ A ]eq = [ H 3O ]eq = 3,98.10 mol.L

.1.4

[ AH ]eq = C [ A ] = 10 2 3,98.10 4 = 9,6.10 3 mol.L1

KA =

[ A ]eq [ H 3O ]eq
[ AH ]eq

(3,98.10 )
= 1,65.10 5
3
9,6.10

&W= 3 / CH3COOH .)?.B@   =@ , G Q A `;1) .3.4

.1,65.10-5 1
=/ $G '& A. G . @, &'   #& W,  3 4) )  X)
:  @ ,   .% 1=
C3H7COOH< CH3COOH< C6H5COOH< HCOOH

@,   .% 9,;

5
ClCH 2COOH + H 2O
HCCl 2COOH + H 2O

.1.5

ClCH 2COO + H 3O +
HCCl2COO + H 3O +

: [ClCH 2COO ]eq = [ H 3O + ]eq S1 , #1;  ;. .2.5

1 = ClCH COO .[ClCH 2COO ] + H O .[ H 3O + ] = (ClCH COO + H O ).[ H 3O + ]eq

[ClCH 2COO ]eq = [ H 3O + ]eq =

ClCH COO + H O

:
0,167
= 4,26mol.m 3 = 4,26mmol.L1
3
3
4,22.10 + 35.10
:Q) S2 , #1;  *.'S ;_

+
1
[ HCCl 2COO ]eq = [ H 3O ]eq = 8,5mmol.L

[ClCH 2COO ]eq = [ H 3O + ]eq =

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:;.

.3.5

x f 1 [ClCH 2COO ]eq 4,26

1 =
=
=
= 0,426
xmax 1
C
10
x f 2 [ HCCl2COO ]eq 8,5
2 =
=
=
= 0,85
xmax 2
C
10
K1 =

[ClCH 2COO ]eq [ H 3O + ]eq

[ClCH 2COOH ]eq

(4,26.10 3 ) 2
= 2
= 3,16.10 3
3
10 4,26.10

[ HCCl2COO ]eq [ H 3O + ]eq

.4.5

(8,5.10 3 ) 2
= 2
= 84,16.10 3
K2 =
3
[ HCCl2COOH ]eq
10 8,5.10
%& ;_ '#1;  ? a "U;  * #1; K2>K1 2>1 d=L) .5.5
.&'#" U;  * #1) 4)&'  #  3 4)

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