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Human Body
Human Body
Cognitive Objectives
1-4.1 Identify and locate on the body the following topographic terms: medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, midline, right and left, midclavicular, bilateral, and midaxillary. 1-4.2 Describe anatomy and functions of the following major body systems: respiratory, circulatory, musculoskeletal, nervous, and endocrine. There are no affective or psychomotor objectives for this chapter.
Directional Terms
Right and left Superior and inferior Lateral and medial Proximal and distal Superficial and deep Ventral and dorsal Palmer and planter Apices and bilateral
Movement Terms
Anatomic Positions (1 of 2)
Prone
Supine
Anatomic Positions (2 of 2)
Shock position Trendelenburgs position Fowlers position
The Skull
The Neck
The Thorax
The Abdomen (1 of 2)
The abdomen is the second major body cavity. It contains the major organs of digestion and excretion.
The Abdomen (2 of 2)
The Pelvis
Leg
Ankle Foot
Forearm
Wrist Hand
Joints
Types of Muscle (1 of 2)
Skeletal (voluntary) muscle Attached to the bones of the body Smooth (involuntary) muscle Carries out the automatic muscular functions of the body
Types of Muscle (2 of 2)
Cardiac muscle Involuntary muscle Has own blood supply and electrical system Can tolerate interruptions of blood supply for only very short periods
Diaphragm
Has characteristics of both voluntary and involuntary muscles Dome-shaped muscle
Control of Breathing
Brain stem controls breathing. Increases breathing rate if the carbon dioxide level in blood becomes too high
The Heart
Components of Blood
Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
The Skin (1 of 2)
Protects the body from the environment Regulates body temperature Transmits information from environment to the brain
The Skin (2 of 2)
Endocrine System
Complex message and control system Made up of seven glands Glands produce and release hormones.
Endocrine Glands
Adrenal Ovary Pancreas Parathyroid Pituitary Testes Thyroid
Digestive System
Mouth Salivary glands Oropharynx Esophagus Stomach Liver Bile ducts Small intestine Large intestine Appendix
Pancreas
Rectum
Urinary System