Week 3

The systems of the Body

 The Nervous System
The nervous system

Central NS Peripheral NS

Brain spinal cord Somatic ns Autonomic ns

Sympathetic ns Parasympathetic ns
 The Brain
• The Hindbrain and the midbrain
– Medulla; responsible for heart rate, blood pressure,
respiration (speed-up/slow down heart rate)
– Pons (link between hindbrain and midbrain)
– Cerebellum; maintenance of balance and equilibrium,
muscle tone & posture.
• The Forebrain
– Diencephalon (Thalamus ; recognition sensor stimuli and
relay of sensor impulse to cerebral cortex) (hypothalamus:
responsible for regulation water in body, appetite, sexual
desire)
• Important transition between thoughts generates in cerebral
cortex of brain
• Giving impact to internal organs.
• Exp: embarrassment – blushing, anxiety – hydrochloric acid in
stomach.

• Telencephalon
• Composed cerebral cortex (largest portion in brain)
• Involve higher order intelligence, memory & personality.

• Cerebral cortex consists 4 lobs (frontal, parietal,

temporal & occipital) – each has its own memory
storage area.
• Frontal Lobe (behavior, abstract thought
processes, attention, Intellect, judgment,
initiative, physical reaction, ect..)
• Occipital Lobe (Vision, reading)
• Parietal Lobe (Sense of touch, response to
internal stimuli, sensory combination and
comprehension)
• Temporal Lobe (Visual memories, music, some
language, some speech, sense of identity)
• The limbic system
– Play an important role of stress and emotional response
• The role of neurotransmitters
– Chemical In our brain
– Divided in two (epinephrine and nor epinephrine)= catecholamine's

• Disorders of the nervous system

– Epilepsy
– Cerebral palsy
– Parkinson’s disease
– Multiple Sclerosis
– Huntington’s disease
– dementia
 The Endocrine System

• Complements the nervous system in

controlling bodily activities
• The nervous system and endocrine depend on
each other (stimulating and inhibiting)
• Stimulating changes in target organs.
– Adrenal glands, top of kidneys
• Disorders involving the endocrine system
*diabetes
 The cardiovascular system
• Comprises:

Blood Transport
Heart Blood system of
vessels body

Disorder of the Cardiovascular: Atherosclerosis,

blood pressure
• Blood
– carries oxygen from lung to the tissues and excrete
carbon dioxide as expired air
– Carries nutrients
– Waste product from cell to kidney – urine.
• Heart
– Functioning as a pump
– Circulate blood throughout the body
The respiratory system

Regulate the
Excrete
Take in composition
carbon dioxideof
oxygen
blood
• Involves : nose, mouth, pharynx, trachea,
diaphragm, abdominal muscles and lungs.
• Air is inhaled ; exchange the oxygen to carbon
dioxide.
• Respiratory movement are controlled by a
respiratory center in the medulla of the brain.
• Disorder of the respiratory system: Hay fever,
Asthma, bacterial infection..
 The immune system
• Disease can be caused by a variety of factors
(genetic defects, hormone imbalance,
nutritional deficiencies and infection).
• Direct transmission
• Indirect transmission
• Biological transmission
• Mechanical transmission
 Summary
• The Nervous and endocrine system act as a
control system of the body.
• the endocrine system operates chemically via the
release of hormones stimulated by centers in the
brain.
• The cardiovascular system is the transport
system of the body
• The respiratory system responsible for taking in
oxygen, expelling carbon dioxide
• The immune system is responsible for warding
off infection from invasion by foreign
substances.
Overview of Major Organ Systems
 The Nervous System
Purpose: to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its
internal and external environment
Major Organs and Their Functions
Brain – control center of the body, where all processes are
relayed through
-- consists of cerebrum (controls though and senses) and
cerebellum (controls motor functions)
Spinal Cord – sends instructions from the brain to the rest of
the body and vice versa
-- any organism with a major nerve cord is classified as a
chordate
Nerves – conduct impulses to muscle cells throughout the body
Overview of Organ Systems
Overview of Organ Systems
 Nervous System
• Functions
– Controls all body’s
functions
– Senses and recognizes
information from inside
and outside of the body
 Nervous System
• Main Parts
– Brain
– Nerves
– Spinal cord
 What it helps you do…
• Move
• Sense things from the environment
• And much more!
 Interactions with other systems:
• All systems – helps keep the systems
functioning