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jz;lkpo;r; rpyg;gjpfhuk; jf;fnjhU rhd;wha; kpspu;fpd;wJ. GJikf; fhg;gpak; Gytu; kd;diug; ghba Kiwikia khw;wp kd;du; topj;Njhd;wyhy; kf;fSs; rpwe;Njhiuf; ,J ,ay;> fhtpa khe;juhf;fpg; ghba GJikia cilaJ rpyg;gjpfhuk;. ehlfk; jd;dfj;Nj ,ir> vd;Dk; nfhz;lJ. Kj;jkpioAk; jkpopirapd; rpwg;gpid fhl;lf;$baJ.

mjidf; fw;Gf;furpf;Fk; cupajhf khw;wpdhu;. rpyg;gjp

GJikf;fhg;gpak; MFk;. Gul;rpf;fhg;gpak; ngz;izf; fhg;gpaj; jiytp ahf;fpg; ngUikg;gLj;jpajhy; ,J ngz;zpd; ngUikf; fhg;gpak; vdg;gLk;. fhg;gpa fhg;gpak; ngWk;. fw;Gf;furpapd; khjyhy; vd;W gj;jpdpf; ngau;

njhd;ikapid> ntspr;rkpl;Lf;

jkpoupd; mfk;> Gwk; rhu;e;j tho;f;ifapd; fUT+ykhfTk; fhyf;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

11 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

Fd;wf;Fuit> Ma;r;rpau; Fuit> cau;e;j fhg;gpak; ngw Ntz;ba mj;jidr; cs;sj;ijAk; mtu;fisr; Nguhw;wy; rpwg;GfisAk; nfhs;is rpe;jpf;fj; gilj;j ngw;W fw;Nghu; cs;sj;ijAk; fij Nfl;Nghu; nfhs;tNjhL J}z;Lk; fhg;gpakhfr; Ntl;Lt tup Mfpait topfhl;b. gpw;fhyg; Kd;ida gpd;ida ghykhfj; rpyg;gjpfhuk;. fhuj;ijg; gz;baidf; fz;zfp jdpnahUj;jpahf epd;W guj;ijiag; kzpNkfiy Nghd;wd nray;fshFk;. Gwg;Nghuhl;lKk; Nghuhl;lKk; Nghuhl;lf; Gul;rpf; epiwe;j fhg;gpak; fhg;gpak; tof;fpy; Gwf;fzpf;f MfpNahu; rKjhag; ntd;wik> khjtp KbntLj;jik Nghuhl;lr; vdNt> mfg; ,e;E}y; vd;Wk; vd;Wk; Gidf;fijfSf;F ,yf;fpaq;fSf;Fk; ,yf;fpaq;fSf;Fk; jpfo;tJ rpyg;gjp nghWj;jtiuapy; Kd;Ndhb rpyg;gjpfhuf; fijNa.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; tpsq;fp tUfpd;wJ.

,sq;Nfhtbfs; jk; jpwDf;Fk; fij mikg;gpw;Fk; Vw;w tifapy; Gjpa njhlu;G tbt nfhz;L mikg;gpidf; goikapYk; fhg;gpak; nfhz;lhnudpDk;

mikj;Js;shu; vdyhk;. ,jw;FKd; Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpaq; fnsy;yhk; cjpupg; njhFg;gha; rpyg;gjpfhuk; njhlu;epiyr; neLq;fhg;gpakha; tpsq;FfpwJ. Fbkf;fisg; Fbkf;fSs; jiytpahff; jkpo; ghly;fspd; tpsq;f> ePz;l nra;Asha; rpyg;gjpfhuk; Nghw;WtNjhL xU nfhz;L nkhopf;Nf ngz;izj; tpsq;FtJ cupa vdNtjhd;

Nghw;wg; gLfpd;wJ. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpd;

jpUg;GKid rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gpopthf jkpo; ,yf;fpag; jpUg;GKidahfr; Nghf;fpd; rpyg;gjpfhuk;

tpsq;FfpwJ. gf;jp ,yf;fpaq; fSf;Ff;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

jdpr;rpwg;ghFk;.

12 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

,e;E}y; tuyhw;wpd; mike;Js;sJ.

jkpo; jpUg;G

,yf;fpa Kidahf

,yf;fpa thdpy; epiwepythf epd;W ehSk; kf;fs; jk; cs;sj;jpy; jzpnzhsp tPrptUk; jz;lkpo;f; fhg;gpaj;jpw;F <L ,izahf NtW vf;fhg;gpaKk; ,y;iynad;W xg;Gau;tw;w tho;e;J

rKjha rPu;jpUj;jf; fhg;gpak; rpyg;gjpfhuKk; rKjhaj;jpw;F Njitahd midj;J ed;ndwp fisAk; toq;fp kdpj ed;ndwpg; tho;f;ifAk; gLj;Jfpd;wJ. czu;r;rpfSk; rpwg;gplk; mjw;Fr; fhyf;fl;l ,J rw;W kf;fs; tbj;Jf; xU

vk;nkhopapYk; nrhy;Ykstpw;Fr; rpyg;gjpfhuk; cau;e;j tUfpd;wJ.

fhg;gpakhf

fhg;gpaq;fspy; fhyk; Kd;du; fhl;Ljy; my;yJ cs;s

ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;. fhg;gpak; vOe;j rPNuhLk; rpwg;NghLk; rPupsikj; rpwe;jpyq; ,f;fhg;gpaj;jpd; czu;e;Nj> ghujpahUk;
NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; Rit NjUk; rpyg;gjpfhukij CdpNy vk;Kapu; cs;ssTk; epjk; XjpAzu;e;jpd; GWNthNk neQ;ir rpyg;gjpfhuk;

jpwj;NjhLk; Fk; rPu;ik

ms;Sk;

rKjhaj;jpd;

czu;r;rpfis Ntz;Lk;.

fhyf;fl;lj;jpd; my;yJ xU ehl;bd; my;yJ xU rkaj;jpd; nka;Azu;T ntspaPlhf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. jtpu> jdpnahU kdpjdpd; czu;r;rpahf Fwpf; Nfhshf mikjy; $lhJ vd;Dk; $w;Wf;F Vw;g rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; rKjha Fwpf;Nfhisj; rpwg;ghdjhFk;. rpyk;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd njspTgLj;JtJ

vd;w

vd;W ftpkzpAk; Gfo;e;Js;sdu;. tpahrghujk;> thy;kPfp ,uhkh azk;> N`hkupd; ,ypal;> xbrp KjypadTk; gok;ngUk;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

13 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

fhg;gpaq; xg;gpl;L

fshFk;. Nehf;Fk;

,tw;NwhL cau;jFjp

ehd; ele;J nry;Yk; topapy; G+f;fisj; J}Tgts;. vdf;F Ntu;f;fhky; ,Uf;f fhw;iw tPRgts;.

rpyg;gjpfhug; ngUq;fhg;gpaj;jpw;F cz;L. %tuRfs;> Kd;itf;fg;ngw;wd. fzf;fhd fple;j Filapd;fPo;f; Kaw;rpiar; rkak;> jj;Jtk; xg;gw;w fhg;gpak; nkhop> %Nte;jupd; ehd; vdf;F fhg;gts;. ehd; cjTgts;. ehd; Nfl;fhky; vd; grpiaj; jPu;f;f goq;fs; jUgts;. vd; jhiag; Nghy vjidAk; vjpu;ghuhky; cjTgts;. mtSf;F vd;idj; njupahJ. vdf;F CQ;ry; fl;b Ml kiof;fhf ,iyf; xJq;fpdhy; Fil je;J E}w;Wf; xNu tUk;

xUq;fpizg;Gk; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Fyq;fshfg; gpupe;J ngUepyg;gug;ig nfhz;L

rpyg;gjpfhuk; kuG vdg; top

Nkw;nfhz;lJ. murpay;> gz;ghL> gy;epiyfspy; xw;iwf;Ftpikaj;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd;

ntspg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mjyhy;> ,e;E}y; jdpr;rpwg;Gila> vd;W midtuhYk;

kjpf;fg; gLfpd;wJ.

vd;id kl;Lky;y

vd; njUNthuk; epw;Fk; kuk;

vd; ghjq;fs; typf;fhky; ,Uf;f

ey;ytu; jPatu; vd;W ahiuAk; ,Ue;Jk; vjpu;ghu;f;fhky; cjTgts; - mtNs gpupj;jwpahJ gyid

tpbay; khj ,jo;

14 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

vd; kuk;!

njUNthuk;

epw;Fk;
K. ftpepyT

,sq;fiy Mq;fpyk; Kjyhz;L

fy;tpf; fz;iz jpwe;Jitj;j fu;ktPuU. me;jf; fz;zpathd; NgU. ngUe;jiytu; fhkuh[U. juzp Mz;l jiytu;fspy; jiyrpwe;jtU ek; jkpofj;ijr; nropf;f itj;j jq;f Kjy;tU. ghkudpd; gps;isfisg; gof;fitj;jtU khztu; ctifAld; ehs;NjhWk; kjpa czTk; je;jtU. Vio vspa kf;fisNa tho itj;jtU mtu; Vw;wKld; tho;tjw;F top tFj;jtU. cyfk; Nghw;Wk; cj;jkuha; cytp te;jtU ehl;il Coyw;w Ml;rpahNy cau itj;jtU. thOk; tiu vspikAld; tho;e;J fhl;batU vd;Wk; tsu;gpiwaha; kf;fs; neQ;rpy;

fhw;W
vd;id Ml;b itf;Fk; moF gJikNa! Cu; Cuha;r; Rw;wp cupikahdtNs! cd;Dila cUtk; jhd; vd;dNth? kdpjdpy; Eioe;J capuhdha;. kuj;Jf;Fs; GFe;J ,irahdha;. cd; kfj;Jtk; Gupe;jNj cd;idf; fhzj; Jbf;Fk; NjlYk; kpFe;jNj
nr. gpupah ,sq;fiy fzpjk; Kjyhz;L M gpupT

fhkuhru;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

15 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

thOk; jiytU.
vk;. ehfyl;Rkp ,sq;fiy fzpjk; Kjyhz;L M gpupT

kdpjNdh kbfpwhd;. ,we;j kdpjDf;Ff; fz;zPu; tbf;fj; jz;zPu; ,y;iy. tPl;bNy G+e;Njhl;lk; fhNlh tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G ikak; Mfl;L Mk; tPl;bd; xt;nthW G+Tk; ek; Foe;ijfs;. fhl;bd; xt;nthU kuKk; ek; KjpNahu;fs;. Kbf;Fk; Kd; xU Nfs;tp Nfl;fpNwd;. fhLfis mopg;gjhy;> ehl;Lf;Fk; NfL! kz;Zf;Fk; NfL! tpz;Zf;Fk; NfL! ,jdhy; gad; ahUf;F?
tp. utPzh gp. N`kyjh ,sq;fiy fzpjk;; Kjyhz;L M gpupT

ez;gu;fNs thUq;fs;! fy;Y}up vd;Dk; tay;fhl;by; mwpT vd;Dk; Ntu; Cd;wp Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;Dk; ePu;g; gha;r;rp Kaw;rp Viuf;nfhz;L cOJ ciog;G vd;Dk; tpijia tpijj;J Nrhk;gy; vd;Dk; fis vLj;J fy;tp fdpiag; thUq;fs;!
,sq;fiy fzpdpg; gad;ghl;bay; Kjyhz;L , gpupT

fy;Y}upf;f dp

vd;Dk; ngw

cau;e;j ez;gu;fNs

fhLfisf; fhg;Nghk;
fhLfis mopj;J tPLfs; fl;bNdhk;! kioiaNah fhztpy;iy.
tpbay; khj ,jo;

Rje;jpur; rhgk;

16 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

Rje;jpuk; fpilj;jplNt

ekf;Ff;

milgl;Nlhk; Mq;fpNyad; vd;Dk; tpLgl;Nlhk; vd;Dk; rhtpapy;. Mq;fpNyad; mbj;jJ xU fd;dk; - fhe;jpabfs; fhl;bdhu; kWfd;dk;. ehl;L kf;fs; nrd;w mbjbapy; gadpy;iy fhe;jpabfs; nrd;w mfpk;irapy; Mq;fpNyad; jhq;ftpy;iy. fhe;jpabfs; gpwe;jJk; kiwe;jJk; kiwe;jd. kwe;jd> G+l;by; fhe;jp

Rikfs; gyTk; jhq;fpNdhNk! Rje;jpuk; gpd;du; Ramwpit ehk; ,oe;NjhNk! fy;tp ngw;wpUe;Jk; fl;Lg;ghl;il ehk; ,oe;Njhk;! fzf;fw;w flik ekf;fpUe;Jk; ftdk; ,d;wp ,Ue;NjhNk! tho;f;ifia thohky; gpwu; nrhy;Yf;fhf
m. rhu;GjPd; ,sq;fiy fzpdp mwptpay; Kjyhz;L < gpupT

ekf;Ff;

fpilj;j

mwpitg;

ekf;nfd;W

tho;fpd;NwhNk

Mdhy;> mtu; tho;e;jJk; tho;tJk; kwf;fhJ> kiwahJ. mtu; neQ;irj; Jisj;jJ Mq;fpNyau; ,d;Wk; kf;fs; kiwatpy;iy mtu; nra;j njhz;L. md;W mtu; nrd;whu; Fz;L kdj;jpy;

fhe;jp

mfpk;ir vd;Dk; jdptop.

tpbay; khj ,jo;

17 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

ehk;

,dpNky;

nry;Nthk;

vd; jiytd;. vd;Wk; mbgzpNtd; cq;fs; md;Gf; fl;lisf;F. tzq;FNtd; vd;Wk; cq;fisf; fPo;g;gbe;j khztpahfpa ehd;.
gp. yypjh ,sq;fiy fzpdp mwptpay;

fhe;jp vd;Dk; kfhd; top.

F. rj;jpa %u;j;jp ,sq;fiy fzpdp mwptpay; Kjyhz;L m gpupT

Mrpupau; fs;
vq;fs; tho;T xspngw jd; MAs; ,oe;J xspjUk; nkOFtu;j;jpfs;. Rz;zf;fl;biaj; jpUePuha; vz;Zk; jpahfr; nrk;ky;fs;. vq;fisj; juk; tha;e;j rpw;gkhf;Fk; rpw;gpfs;. vy;yh khztiuAk; NgZk; jhAs;sk; nfhz;ltu;fs;. tho;tpy; jlk; khWk;NghJ topfhl;Lk; fyq;fiu tpsf;Ffs;. mwpTiu $Wk;NghJ ePq;fs; vd; ez;gu;. fl;lisapLk;NghJ ePq;fs;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

Kjyhz;L m gpupT

khjq;fspy; xU fy;ahzk;

rpj;jpiuf;Fk; itfhrpf;Fk; epj;jpiuapy; fy;ahzk;. rPu; vLj;J MdpAld; Mb te;jhshk;. Mtdpf;Fk; Gul;lhrpf;Fk; miog;G ,y;iyahk;. Ig;grpNgha; fhu;j;jpifia mioj;J te;jhshk;. khu;fopAk; ijkfSk; kyu; nfhLj;jdu;.

18 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

khrpkfs; gq;Fdpf;Fr; #l;b kfpo;e;jhs;;.

Nf.vk;. ee;jpdp> ,sq;fiy Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay;Jiw

jkpo;j;Jiwapy; thuk; ,uz;L ehl;fs; (nrt;tha;> tpahod;) khiy 4.00 kzpf;Fg; nghd;khiyg;nghOJ vd;w fij> ftpij muq;Nfw;w epfo;r;rp eilngWk;. khje;NjhWk; %d;whtJ thuk; khiy 3.00 kzpKjy; ftpauq;fk; eilngWk;. gilg;Gfis muq;Nfw;w tpUk;G Nthu; jq;fspd; ngau;fisj; jkpo;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

19 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

tpbay; khj ,jo;

20 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

,ir epidTfs; - 02

vk;.v];.

vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkp vd;W gutyhf

tpbay; khj ,jo;

mwpag;gLk;

kJiu

21 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

rz;KftbT Rg;Gyl;Rkp Gfo;ngw;w fu;ehlf ,irg; ghlfpahthH. 1998 Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpahtpd; kpf caHe;j tpUjhd ghuj uj;dh tpUJ toq;fp nfsutpf;fg;gl;lhH. fd;dlk;> tq;fhs kiyahsk;> nkhop> jkpo;> njYq;F> ,e;jp>

tPiz kPl;Ltjpy; MHtk; kpf;ftH. rf;jpNtYf;F <LghL mtHfs; fhykhfp Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd; ,UtUk; kpUjq;fj;jpy; mjpfk;. MapDk; ,stajpNyNa tpl;ldH. ghl;bahH

mf;fk;khs; taypd; fiyQH. Rg;Gyl;Rkpf;F mtuJ jhahNu Kjypy; ,irapy; tajhf FUthdhH. ntFtpiutpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,d;dpir Gfo; nrd;id tPizAld; NrHe;J ghb te;j ,tH ngw;whH. Rg;Gyl;Rkpf;F vl;L MSeH> rz;Kftbtpd; tPiz ,iria xspg;gjpT nra;ar; nrd;whH. mg;NghJ nrhd;dhH. jaq;fhky; nrQ;RUl;b Nfl;l MSeH kfisAk; rpWkp ,uhfg; ghlr; rpwpJk; ghliy

rk];fpUjk;> F[uhj;jp Mfpa gy nkhopfspy; ,tH ghbAs;shH. ,tH cyfpd; gy ehLfSf;Fk; gz;ghl;Lj; J}Jtuhfr; nrd;W gy epfo;r;rpfs; elj;jpAs;shH. epfo;j;jpAs;shH. mwpKfk; vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkp mtHfs; 1916 Gul;lhjp khjk; 16 Mk; ehs; ,irf;fiyQH mk;khSf;Fg; je;ijahH kJiu rz;Kf tbT mtuJ ma;aH gpwe;jhH. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapYk; ,tH jd; muq;Nfw;wj;ij

kufj tbtk; vd;w

Rg;gpukzpa

vd;W gpd;dhl;fspy; Ngl;bfspy; Rg;Gyl;Rkp njuptpj;J ,Uf;fpwhH. ,tH jk; rNfhjuH ,ir rf;jpNty;> tbthk;ghs; njhlHghd ,tuJ jhahH tsHe;jhH. Nghd;Nw rNfhjup MfpNahUld; #oypy; rz;KftbT

cr;r];jhapapy; ghbdhH. ,ijf; Mr;rupakile;J mg;ghliyAk; xspg;gjpT nra;J nfhz;lhH. ,ir MHtk;

tbthk;ghs;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

22 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

,irg;gpd;dzpiaf; FLk;gkhjyhy; Rg;Gyl;Rkpf;F ,Ue;jjpy; ,irapy;

nfhz;l ehl;lk; ,y;iy.

,iriaAk; ,tH ,uT Neuq;fspy; urpg;gJz;L. 1926Mk; Mz;L ntspaplg;gl;l vy;.gp ,irj;jl;by; NtYk; kufj vDk; tbTk;nrq;fjpH

rpWtajpypUe;Nj Mr;rupak;

jhahUld; gy fr;NrupfspYk; ,tH gq;Nfw;wJz;L. nrk;kq;Fb rPdpthr IaH> Krpwp Rg;gpukzpa gps;is> ghyf;fhL IaH> nrk;ig gps;is> [p. vd;. Nghd;w ngWk; ,ir rpWtajpNyNa itj;jpaehj ghftjH> uh[ khzpf;fk; uh[uj;jpdk; kzp IaH> ,lk;

ghliyr; rz;Kftbtpd; tPizAk;> vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkp ghlYk; ,ize;J ntspte;jJ. ,J vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd; KjyhtJ ,irj;jl;L MFk;;. kpUjq;f [hk;gthd; vdg; Gfogl;l GJf;Nfhl;il njhlf;f jl;rpzh fhyj; %Hj;jpg;gps;is tsHr;rpf;F ,Ue;jhH. vk;. v];.

ghyRg;gpukzpak; [hk;gthd;fs; epfo;r;rpfisr;

Neupy; nrd;W urpj;Js;shu;. vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkp rpW tajpy; jd; jhahUld; NghJ tho;j;jpaJk; ,e;J];jhdp ehuhazuht; fw;whH. kw;Wk; fr;NrupfSf;Fr; ngupa Fuy; nrd;w tsj;ij fiyQHfNs

jpy; vk;. v];. Rg;G yl;Rkpapd; kpf;f mtuJ Rg;G cjtpahf yl;Rkpapd; kzptpohtpy;

Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd;

fr;Nrup eilngw;wJ. 1935Mk; eilngw;w vk;. rq;fPjj; mwpar; v];. ,e;jf; jpwid nra;jJ. Mz;by;

cz;L. ,tuJ Kiwahd ,iria mg;Jy; ghNj ,tH gz;bj fr;Nrupjhd; ntspAyfk; mNj Mz;L

fy;tp Ie;jhk; tFg;G tiuNa mike;jJ. tpahrpaplkpUe;J fuPk;fhd; Fyhk;fhdpd;

Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd;

ik#H rk]; jhdj;jpy; mg;Nghija

tpbay; khj ,jo;

23 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

ik#H jpUf;

kfhuh[htpd; NfhfHzk;

muritapy; uq;fehafp

ehjg;gpuk;kk;> gpNuikapy; ahTk; ghly;fs; kwe;NjNd kpfTk; Mfpa Gfo;

mk;khs; kpUjq;fj;Jld; vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkp fr;Nrup nra;jhH. mJ Kjw;nfhz;L vy;yh ngw;wd. jpiuj;Jiw me;jf; fhyj;jpy; ghlfpfs; jhd; ebif Nfl;l MfKbAk;. vk;. v];. Nf. jdJ Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd; ,dpikahd Fuiyf; jahupg;ghsH mtiuj; ,e;jg; Rg;gpukzpak;> ebf;f itj;jhH. njd;dpe;jpahtpd; vk;. v];. eil fr;Nrupfs; CHfspYk;

ngw;wit. ,g;glj;jpy; J~;ae;jdhf ebj;jtH rq;fPj tpj;Jthd; [p. vd;. ghyRg;gpukzpak; MthH. vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkp ,g;glj;jpy;> Nfhfpyfhd milnkhopAld; nra;ag;gl;lhH. jpUkzk; rFe;jiy glj;ijj; jahupj;jtH rjhrptk; MthH. ,tH vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd; Mz;L ,UtUk; jpUkzk; ,irapy; nra;J <LghL nfhz;ljdhy; 1940Mk; nfhz;ldH. 1941Mk; Mz;L rhtpj;jpup vd;w ebf;f glj;jpy; vk;. v];. Rg;Gyl;Rkpia ehujH Ntlj;jpy; Ntz;bdhHfs;. tpl;lhH. Mdhy;> mg;NghJ Mz;Ntlj;jpy; ebf;f Rg;Gyl;Rkp kWj;J vOj;jhsH fy;fpAk; Mde;j tpfld; gj;jpupifapypUe;J ntspNawp ,Ue;jhH. fy;fpAk; ,irthzp vd;w tpsk;guk;

Rg;Gyl;Rkpapd;

Nrthrjdk; glj;jpd; fjh ehafpahf glj;jpd; glg;gpbg;G fpz;bapy; cs;s xU glg;gpbg;Gj; jsj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. mg;NghJ Rg;G yl;Rkpf;Fj; Jizahf te;jtH rjhrptk;. mjidj; njhlHe;J fhspjhrdhupd; rFe;jiy ngw;whH. VNdh> glj;jpy; kpff; Rg;Gyl;Rkp Gfo; epiw FJ}fypg;gJk; fjhehafpahf ebj;Jg; vq;Fk;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

24 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

rjhrptKk; gj;jpupif nfhz;ldH. ehujH

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jahupf;fg;gl;L> tl ehl;ltUf;F nra;ag;

,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mjyhy;> Rg;Gyl;Rkp Ntlj;jpy; ebf;f nfhz;L mjw;fhd rk;gsj;ij thq;fpf; nfhLj;jhy; me;jg; gzj;ijf; nfhz;L GJg;gj;jpupif Muk;gpf;fyhk; vdr; rjhrptk; fNt mjpy; njhifapy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. rjhrptk; kidtpapd; ,iriag; gf;jp khHf;fj;Jf;Fj; gf;j kPuh jpUg;g vDk; ghly;fs; vOjpa Kad;whH. jpiug;glk; epiwe;jJ. ghly;) vk;. v];. Rg;G yl;Rkpaplk; nrhd;dhH. mjw;fh Rg;Gyl;Rkp nfhLf;fg;gl;l fy;fp rhtpj;jpup Cjpaj; thu,jo; glj;jpy; ehujH Ntlj;jpy; ebj;jhH.

gpuKfHfs; ,e;jpahtpd; MSeH kTz;l;Ngl;ld; jk;gjpapdH> [t`Hyhy; el;Gk; NeU> mwpKfKk;

ftpauR rjhrptk;

rNuh[pdp ehAL MfpNahupd; jk;gjp apdUf;F Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;jp kPuhitg; ghHj;j gpujkH NeU ,irapd; ehd; ,uhzpf;F Kd;dhy; jhNd rhjhuz gpujkH

vdg; ghuhl;bdhH. ,e;jpapy; ntspahd kPuh g[d;fs; ,e;jp urpfHfspilNa mq;fPfhuj;ij Rg;Gyl;Rkpf;F

1945 ,y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,g;glk; mw;Gjkhd fy;fp fhw;wpdpNy tUk; fPjk;> (,J gpUe;jhtdj;jpy; fz;zd; tsHe;j> fpupju Nfhghyh> vdJ cs;sNk Nghd;w ghly;fs; ,d;dKk; midtuJ nrtpfspYk; xypf;fpd;wd. gf;j

Vw;gLj;jpj; je;jJ. mNj Nghy Nfjhup ehj;jpypUe;J fd;dpah Fkup tiuahd gf;jHfisAk; ,tuJ Md;kPff; Fuy; gutrg;gLj;jpaJ. ,tu; fztu; ,tiuf; nfhz;L

1944 ,y; ehd;F ,ir epfo;r;rpfs; elj;jp ,uz;L Nfhb &gh tiu epjp

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25 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

jpul;bdhH. kidtpapd; Fuiy nghJ eyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;Gykhf kUj;Jtk;> Muha;r;rp> rkaj;njhz;L nrytplg;gl;lJ. tpUJfs; o gj;k g+~z; - 1954 o rq;fPj fyhepjp - 1968 o kf;NrNr gupR - 1974 o gj;k tpg+~z; - 1975 o fhspjhr rd;khd; - 1988 o ehl;L xUikg;ghl;bw;fhd ,e;jpuh fhe;jp tpUJ - 1990 o ghuj uj;dh 1998 gad;gLj;j mike;jJ. fy;tp Ntz;Lk; ,e;epjp kw;Wk; vd;w rjhrptj;jpd; vz;zNk ,jw;Fg; mwptpay;> Mfpatw;Wf;fhfr;

(Fungus) Nghd;w Ez;ZapHfisr; rhjhuz rhjhuz fhzKbahj EZf;Ff;fhl;b EZf;Ff;fhl;b mstpw;F %yk; itu]; (Microscope) %yk; ghHf;fyhk;.

kpfr;rpwpaJ. ,jid kpfTk; rf;jp tha;e;j ,yj;jpud; EZf;Ff;fhl;b (Electron Microscope) itu]; %yNk ghHf;fKbAk;. tpUj;jpaile;J> ngUFk; jq;fpapUf;Fk; $Lk;. my;yJ ghjpf;ff;$Lk;. fpUkpfs; ngUFtjw;F jhd; mopf;ff; vapl;ir

capUs;s fyk; (Cell) Njit. mJ NghJ> fyj;ij

nraw;jpwidg;

fUj;Jj; njhFg;G: Kidtu; g. rutzd; jkpo;tpupTiuahsu;

cz;lhf;Fk; vr;.I.tp itu]; kdpj clypd; epHg;gPldj; njhFjpiaj; jhf;Ffpd;wJ. njhFjpapy; cs;s epHg;gPldj; uP-n`y;gH Cell) ,J (T-helper

va;l;];
vr;.I.tp vDk; itu]pdhy;jhd; va;l;]; Vw;gLfpwJ. itu]; vd;gij Nehia cz;lhf;ff;$ba kpf rpwpa Ez;ZapH gf;Bupah vd;W nrhy;yyhk;. gq;f]; (Bacteria)>

fyq;fisNa

Kf;fpakhfj; jhf;Ftij tpQ;Qhdp fs; fz;lwpe;Js;sdH. HIV itu]; njhw;wpapUf;Fk; ntspNaWfpwJ. ituRfs; jhf;fp NkYk; fyj;jpy; ntspNawpa gy fyq;fisj; mopj;Jg; ngUfpg; gpd; mf;fyj;ij mopj;J

tpbay; khj ,jo;

26 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

ngUFfpd;wd. Nehahspapd; njhFjp ngupJk; NyNa ,e;epiyap mwpFwpfs; Muk;gpf;fpwJ. xUtH Mz;Lfhyk;

,t;thW epHg;gPldj; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. Neha;f;fhd Njhd;w

associated

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vd;W Njrpa Nehia vd;gij

ngauplg;gl;lJ. 1984Mk; Mz;L mnkupf;fhtpy; Gw;W Neha; ,f;fpUkpjhd; cz;lhf;FfpwJ cWjpg;gLj;jpaJ. epWtdk;

mg;nghOJ

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,jw;F H.I.V type III itu]; (Human T-Iymphotrophic Virus type III) vd;W ngauplg;gl;lJ. 1986Mk; Mz;by; jhd; jw;NghJ gad;gLj;jg; (Human deficiency ngaH gLk; I HIV itu]; (khDl) mmuno

thoKbAk;.

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mtH cly; Neha; vjpHg;Gr; rf;jpia ,of;Fk; NghJjhd; va;l;]; Nehahsp ahfpwhH. XH Mz;Lf;Fs; mtUf;F Vuhskhd Neha;fs; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whfj; njhw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; epiy mtUf;F Vw;gLfpwJ. va;l;]; Mz;bNyNa fpUkp 1983k; Neha; 1981Mk; mwpag;gl;l

(ePHg;gPldf; uPjpapy;

FiwghL.) Virus (ituR) vd;w cyfshtpa Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. HIV itu]pd; ,uz;L cg gpupTfs; ,Ug;gjhf ,g;nghOJ ek;gg;gLfpwJ.Muk;gj;jpy; mnkupf;fh ehLfspy; Mgpupf;f gpbf;fg;gl;l cl;gl Nkw;fj;ija fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lij ehLfspy; Gjpa fz;Lg;

NghjpYk;> mij cz;lhf;Fk; itu]; Mz;bNyNa ,dq;fhzg;gl;lJ. gpuhd;]; ehl;by; cs;s gh];lH tpQ;Qhdf; $lj;jpy; (Institute Pasteur) gpuhd;R ehl;L tpQ;Qhdp Y}f; nkhz;bf;faH vDk; tpQ;Qhdpahy; L.A.V itu]; Kjypy; (Lymphadenopathy fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;lJ. mg;nghOJ ,J

HIV-I vd;Wk;> gpd;G Nkw;F cggpupit

HIV II vd miof;fpwhHfs;.

tpbay; khj ,jo;

27 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

njuptpj;Js;sJ. Nghijg; nghUl; va;l;]; guTjy; jd;ik nghJthf HIV kdpj clypy; cs;s vy;yh gbe;jpUf;fpwJ cUthFk; jputq;fspYk; vd;whYk; $l> fisg; nfhUtH gad;gLj;Jifapy; Crpia nrYj;jpf; Rj;jk; xUtUf; nfhs;tjd; nra;ahg;glhj

%ykhfTk; HIV guTfpwJ. ,Nj Nghy; mWit rpfpr;irapd; NghJ Rj;jpfupf;fg;glhj MAjq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtjdhYk;> HIV gutf; $ba tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd. mNj Neuk; %ykhfTk; ijf;Fg; HIV cs;s ,uj;jk; guTfpwJ. vDk;NghJ fhyk;> HIV va;l;]; vspjhf guTjy; NgW Foe;ijf;F

,uj;jk;> tpe;J> ngz;ZWg;G fspy; jputk;> thap jha;g;ghy; yhfj;jhd; Mfpatw;wpd;

guTfpd;wJ. vdNt> Mz; - ngz; clYwtpd; NghJ ghJfhg;G Kiwfisf; ifahs; tJ mtrpakhfpd;wJ. 80 rjtPj va;l;]{f;F cly; ,isQHfSf;F guTfpwJ. fhuzk; cwTjhd; va;l;]; mjw;F fshf cly; ghJfhg;gw;w vd;W mjpfkhfg; fhuzk; me;j

ghjpf;fg;gl;l jhaplkpUe;J Foe; fHg;gfhyk;> fhyq;fspy; guTfpwJ. NehAw;wtupd; clw;jputq;fSld; njhlHG Vw;gl;l vtiuANk ,e;Neha; jhf;ff;$Lk;. mNjNeuk; (Gonorrohoea), nfhdupah rpgpyp];

kjpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 25 taJf;Fl; gl;l

jha;g;ghy; Gfl;Lk; fhyk; Mfpa

tajpy; mtHfs; ghYwtpy; mjpf ehl;lkpf;ftH ghJfhg;ghd tuhf ,Ug;gjhy; cwit kwe;J vq;F vr;.I.tp Njrpa $l;lhf ifNal;by;

tpLfpwhHfs;. ePq;fs; vg;gbgl;l ,Ue;jhYk;> ,Ue;jhYk; vd;W tho;fpwtuhf nray;gl va;l;]; kw;Wk; ntspapl;Ls;s
tpbay; khj ,jo;

njhw;W gw;wpa tpopg;GzHTld; Ntz;Lk; fl;Lg;ghl;L Adpnrg; epWtdk;

(Syphilis)> n`HgP]; (Herpes) Nghd;w Vida ghypay; Neha; cs;stHfSf;Fk;> cWg;Gfspy; cury;fs; ghypay; rpWfhaq;fs;> cs;stHfSf;Fk;.

28 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

gyNuhL clYwT itg;gtH fSf;Fk; ,e;Neha; rhjhuzkhfr; Vw;glf;$ba r%f epfo;jfT gof;f> mjpfk;. HIV njhw;wp NahUld; tof;fq;fspy; <LgLtj D}lhfNth> if FYf;Fjy;> njhLjy;> fl;ba izj;jy;> tpisahLjy;> nra;jy;> rpWePH kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jpa ,Uky;> %ykhfNth nghJ tz;bfspy; tpaHit> kw;Wk; gLf;if> czTg; Jk;ky;> guthJ. ,lq;fspy; gazk; fz;zPH> Kj;jkply; mtHfs; ghj;jpuq;fs; nfhRf;fb ,Ug;gpDk; rtuk; nra;J

ntspg;gLfpwJ. mJTk; ,e;j itu]; %d;W Kjy; MW thuq;fSf;Fg; gpwNf njupfpwJ. ,e;jj; jPtpu HIV cly; tpaHit ghjpg;gpdhy; eyf;FiwT> Vw;gLk; fha;r;ry;> ,uT eLf;fk;> (mf;Fs;> fOj;J) wpidj; ,e;j njuptjpy;iy. itu]; vd;W

jiytyp> cly;NrhHT> Fkl;ly;> (Fwpg;ghf Neuq;fspy;) tapw;Wg;Nghf;F> newpfl;Ljy; Nghd;wtw; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. rpy NkYk; NtW jtwhfNt njhw;iwf; %d;W ehl;fspy; ,J> VNjh ,dq; xU

%ykhfNth> nghJf; fopg;giwfs;

%ykhfNth> ePr;ry; Fsk; kw;Wk;

mwpFwpfs; $l HIV njhw;wpa Muk;gepiyapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. fz;Lgpbg;gJ khjq;fspy; gy cs;s iturpd;

nfhs;Sk; Mz;fs; nghJf; fj;jpfisg; gad; gLj;jhky; Gjpa rtu myF fisg; gad;gLj;Jtij cWjp nra;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. va;l;]; mwpFwpfs; mwpFwpfs; HIV ghjpg;Gf; Fs;shd gyuplk; Muk;gepiyapy; mjw;fhd /g;S mwpFwpfs; Rukhf njupt jpy;iy. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; rpyuplk; ,J (fha;r;ry;)

vdNt> Muk;g epiyapy; HIV fbdkhFk;. njhw;W Vw;gl;l Kjy; vz;zpf;if fzf;fw;Wg; ngUfp> clypd; %l;Lf;fspy; ,jdhy; ,e;epiyapy; ghfq;fspYk; Fwpg;ghf ,ioaq;fs; guTfpd;wd.

ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mj;njhw;W>

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29 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

ghjpf;fg; kw;wtHfSf;F

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tifg; Neha;fshy; gLfpd;wdH.

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epNkhdpah Nghd;w gy;NtW

gutptpLfpd;wJ. clypy; cs;s Neha; vjpHg;G fyq;fshd njhlq;Fk; Ntfk; njupa gpd; ,uj;j nts;is mZf;fs; apd; HIV

va;l;]; njupe;J nfhs;s top ,uz;L tif ,uj;jr; elj;jg;gLfpd;wd. elj;jg;gLk; viyrh ,dk;fhzy; ,uj;jr; gup Nrhjid Nrhjidfs; Kjyhtjhf Nrhjid> ,J Nrhjid ahFk;.

midj;Jk; xd;W jpuz;L Nghuhlj; NghJjhd; HIV rw;W gy mJ FiwfpwJ.

njhw;wpd; jPtpukhd mwpFwpfs; tUlq;fs; HIV Mfpd;wd. njhw;wpa 10 HIV MfpwJ. ngupatHfSf;F Mz;LfSf;Fk; mJ njupa epiy

vdg;gLfpwJ. viyrh NrhjidahdJ vr;.I.tp njhw;W my;yhj gpw fhuzq;fs; njhlHghfTk; NeH tif ngWNgw;iwj; nt];lHd; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; fhl;Lk; khjpupAk; ju ,lKz;L. Nrhjid Gnyhl;

ntspj;njuptjw;F Nky;

njhw;NwhL gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfSf;F ,uz;L kdpjUf;F tUlq;fs; kdpjH cld; Neha; Mfpd;wd. njupahj khWgLk;. njupa ,t;thW va;l;]; Muk;gpj;j mbf;fb mwpFwpfs; ntspapy;

NrhjidahFk;. ,uj;j Gnyhl;

viyrh Nrhjidapy; NeH tifia xt;nthU nt];lHd;

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Nrhjidf;F cl;gLj; jg;gLk;. ,J xU rpwg;ghd NrhjidahFk;. ,uj;j tifapy; vr;.I.tp gpwnghUnsjpup fhzg; gl;lhy; khj;jpuNk ,r; Nrhjidapd; NghJ ngWNgW Nrhjid> fhl;lg;gLk;. nt];lHd; viyrh Gnyhl;

tha;g;gLtH. cly; vil FiwT> njhlH tapw;Wg;Nghf;F va;l;]pd; Kf;fpakhd va;l;]; fhrNeha;>

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30 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

Nrhjid Mfpa ,uz;L NrhjidapYk; NeH (+) tif fhzg;gl;lhy; vr;.I.tp gpwnghUnsjpup my;yJ vr;.I.tp cz;L vd;gJ njhw;W

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epkplj;jpy; xU Foe;ij va;l;]; %yk; ,wf;fpwJ. cyf Rfhjhu mikg;gpd; 2006 mstpy; fzf;nfLg;gpd;gb va;l;]; cyf Nehapdhy;

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31 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

vq;fs; kdj;ijg; gwpj;j fs;spNa! cd; mofhy; NeUtpd; ,jaj;jpy; Fbnfhz;lha;! cd; ngUikf;Nfh mstpy;iy kq;if $e;jypy; ,lk;ngw;w cd;id Nerpf;fhky; ,Ug;gtu; ,t;Tyfpy; cz;Nlh? ,jaq;fis ,izf;Fk; ez;gNd! eP xU Kiw G+j;J thLtijf; fz;L fyq;fhNj! eP xU Kiw G+g;gjhy; gy ,jaq;fspy; kyu;fpwha;! tho;tpd; kzNkilapYk; fy;yiwapYk; Jizepw;fpd;wha; cd;id kwf;Fkh ,t;Tyfk;? cdf;Nfh vd;Wk; kuzkpy;iy. vd;Wk; mofpd; rpd;dkha; vq;fs; ,jaq;fspy; tho;tha;
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32 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

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33 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

mtu; Ntz;Lk;.

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34 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

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35 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

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36 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

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37 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

Kidtu; e. nja;tRe;juk; mtu;fs;> nrd;id. Kidtu; R. ,uhrhuhk; mtu;fs;> fhiuf;Fb. Kidtu; gp. godpNty; mtu;fs;> fpU~;zfpup. Kidtu; Mu;. n[auhkd; mtu;fs;> NtY}u;. Kidtu; vk;. fpUghfud; mtu;fs;> Nfhit. Kidtu; g. kjpthzd; mtu;fs;> jpUr;rp. Kidtu; J. NrJghz;bad; mtu;fs;> kJiu. Kidtu; tP. ghyKUfd; mtu;fs;> nrd;id.

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38 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ

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39 44> brk;gu;;;> 2012 nghOJ