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6 Column Design
6 Column Design
Design of Reinforced Concrete Column This chapter will discuss the following topics:
Definition of R.C. columns. Classification of short / slender (long) columns. Determination of short/slender columns by using simplified method. Design of axially loaded (subject to axial load mainly) columns by design formulae. Design of columns subject to uniaxial bending (axial load + one bending moment) by using the column design charts. Design of columns subject to biaxial bending (axial load + two bending moments).
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-1
6.1 Definition of R.C. Columns In accordance with HK Code, R.C. column is defined as a vertical member whose the greater g cross-sectional dimension does not exceed four (i.e. h 4b). ) The times the smaller dimension ( requirements for design of columns are treated in HK Code: Section 6.2.1 and Section 9.5.
x
y x h
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition)
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6.2.1 Effective Height of Column The effective height (le) of a column depends on:
the actual height between floor beams; the column sectional dimensions h * b; the end conditions; whether the column is braced or unbraced. unbraced
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6.2.2 - Effective Height Estimation Cl. 6.2.1.1 gives the following general equation for obtaining effective heights: le = lo where lo is the clear height between end restraints and is a coefficient from tables 6.11 and 6.12 of the Code for braced and unbraced columns respectively. N Normally ll lex is i NOT equal l to t ley since i and d lo have different values when column bends about x-x and d y-y axes.
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-6
6.2.2 - Effective Height Estimation Most of the R.C. structures are monolithic construction and therefore the end condition is either condition 1 or condition 2. The diagram below provides a better understanding of the condition 1 & 2.
d1 Fl Floor Beam d2 col
Floor
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6.2.2 - Effective Height Estimation If (d1) (d2) condition 1 If (d1) < (d2) condition 2
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6.3 Design Provision Requirements for Links / Binders / Transverse Reinforcement (see figure 9.5)
The link of links 6mm or 1/4 max,M.B. of the largest longitudinal bars. bars The max. spacing 12 min,M.B. of the smallest longitudinal bar. The links should pass through every corner bar and each alternate bar in an outer layer. The links passing round the bar shall have an included angle of not more than 135o. No bar is to be further than 150mm from a restrained bar.
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-11
Fig. 6.1 - Requirements for Links /Binders Link size 1/4*32 = 8mm 12*20 20 = 240 mm Link spacing 12 Use R8-links-240 c/c alt.
Corner Bar T32 T20 T32 alt. bar T20 T32 Corner Bar T20 alt. T32 b bar T20 < 135 o T20 T32 bar T20 Corner Bar T32 T20 alt. T32 bar T20 T32 Corner Bar
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C2
B1-2 (250 X 450)
C3
S1
(125)
S1 (125)
S1
(125)
S1 (125)
C4
B4-1 (250 X 450)
C5
B2-2 (300 X 500)
C6
S1 (125)
S1 (125)
S1 (125)
S1
(125)
C7
C8
C9
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where Ac is the net cross-sectional area of conc. conc in column. Asc is the area of vertical reinforcement.
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-14
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Example 6.1
A short braced axially loaded column supporting a symmetrical arrangement of beams is reinforced with 4T25 b bars. Th column The l is 325 mm square in section as shown h in Fig. 6.3. Find the ultimate axial load that the column can carry and the spacing and the diameter of the links required. required The materials are grade 35 concrete and grade 460 f reinforcement.
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R8 - 300c/c
325 5
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Example 6.2
A short braced axially loaded column supporting a symmetrical arrangement of beams carries an ultimate axial l d of load f 2300 kN. kN The Th column l size is 325 * 325 mm. Find F d the h area of the longitudinal reinforcement required and select suitable bars. bars The materials are grade 30 concrete and grade 460 reinforcement.
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100A sc 100 * 3216 = = 3.0 > 0.8 08 bh 325 * 325 < 6.0
O.K.
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Modes of Failure
The relative magnitude of the moment (M) and axial load (N) govern the modes of failure. With large effective eccentricity (e = M/N) a tensile failure is likely, but with a small eccentricity a compression failure is more likely. Point b in Fig. 6.4 presents a balanced section. That is to say the concrete reaches the ultimate strain (strain = 0.0035 for fcu 60 MPa) and at the same time the reinforcement yields (strain 0.002).
Fig. 6.4 - Bending plus axial load chart with modes of failure
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-25
Example 6.3
A short R.C. Column is subject to an ultimate axial load of 5000 kN and a major ultimate moment of 300 kNm. The column l section is 400*600. 400*600 D Determine the h area of f longitudinal reinforcement required. Given that fcu = 35 N/mm2 and fy = 460 N/mm2; Nominal cover = 40 mm; the link size is assumed to be 10 mm.
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3 3500
C2 (400 x 400) C1
B1 (300 x 700) B2 ( (300 x 700) )
C3
35 500
6500
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition)
4500
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2/F
1/F
P
3500
G/F
C1 6500
C2 (400x400) 4500
C3
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As the difference in spans of beam B1 and B2 is greater than 15%, simplified i lifi d design d i formulae f l of f 6.4 6 4 cannot be b used. d The Th column l shall be designed for axial load plus bending (i.e. using column design charts)
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-32
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Kcol
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Solution: Ex. 6.4 (Design Moment) Fixed end moments at joint P are: FEM1B1 = 213.5 213.5*6.5 6.52 / 12 = 752 kNm FEM1B2 = 52.5*4.52 / 12 = 89 kNm the unbalanced moment = (752 - 89) = 663 kNm Column moment M = 0.215*663 0 215*663 = 143 kNm. kN
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M bh
2
= 2.23
fcu = 35 N/mm2, fy = 460 N/mm2 d = 400 - 40 -10 - 32/2 = 334 d/h = 334/400 = 0.835 0.85
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Asc = 2.6*4002/100 = 4160 mm2 Provide 4T32 + 2T25 ( (Asc = 4198 mm2)
100 Asc 100 * 4198 = = 2.62 > 0.8 bh 400 2 < 6.0
O.K.
* By adopting the similar procedures, students can design the rest of the columns.
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-37
Figure 6.6
3/F 1.4G k + 1.6Q k
2/F
1/F
213.5*6.5=1388 kN 52.5*4.5=236 kN 1B1 P
1/F G/F
1B2
C3
1B1
1B2
Fig. 6.6
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-38
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6.5 Biaxial Bending (N + Mx + My) Mx -design ultimate moment about the x-x axis. M x ' -effective effective uniaxial design moment about the x-x axis. My - design d i ultimate lti t moment t about b t the th y-y axis. i M y ' - effective uniaxial design moment about the y-y axis. h - overall depth perpendicular to the x x-x x axis. h' - effective depth perpendicular to the x-x axis. b - overall ll width idth perpendicular di l to t the th y-y axis. i b' - effective width perpendicular to the y-y axis.
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-40
If f
Mx M y h' b'
Mx ' = Mx + h' My b'
If
Th The coefficient ffi i t is i taken t k from f T bl 6.14 Table 6 14 of f the th Code and as shown below.
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-41
0.2 0.77
0.3 0.65
0.4 0.53
0.5 0.42
0.6 0.30
1.00
0.88
b b' Y Mx h h' X
Y
My
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-42
Example 6.5
The column section shown below is to be designed to resist an ultimate axial load of 1800 kN plus moments of Mxx = 85 kNm and d Myy = 95 kNm. kN Th characteristic The h material l strengths h are 2 2 fcu = 30 N/mm and fy = 460 N/mm .
350 Y Mx = 85 kNm X
40 00 330
280
My = 95 kNm
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Mx M y < Increase the bending moment M y h' b' b' M y '= M y + Mx h'
N/bhfcu = 1800*103/(350*400*30) = 0.43 g table 6.14, , = 0.50 From design 280 M y ' = 95 + 0.5 * * 85 = 131 kNm 330
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-44
Steel Reinforcement Bar Size Area of one Bar (mm2) 8 50.3 10 78 5 78.5 12 113 16 201 20 314 25 491 32 804 40 1257
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Chart No. 27
11.4
2.7
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Chart No. 33
20.8 20.0
2.08
2.23
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9.5.1 Longitudinal reinforcement The area of total longitudinal reinforcement based on the gross crosssectional ti l area of f a column l should h ld not t be b less l th 0.8%. than 0 8% See S clause l 9.9.2 for ductility requirement. Bars should have a diameter of not less than 12 mm. The minimum number of longitudinal bars in a column should be four in rectangular columns and six in circular columns. In columns having a p polygonal yg cross-section, at least one bar should be p placed at each corner. The longitudinal reinforcement should not exceed the following amounts, calculated as percentages of the gross cross cross-sectional sectional area of the concrete: vertically-cast columns - 6%; horizontally-cast horizontally cast columns - 8%; and laps in vertically-or horizontally-cast columns - 10%. At laps, the sum of the reinforcement sizes in a particular layer should not t exceed d 40% of f the th breadth b dth of f the th section ti at t that th t location. l ti
RC Design and Construction HKC 2004 (2nd Edition) 6-52
Self-Assessment Questions
Q1. Give the definition of a short R.C. column in a braced structure.
x y
y x
Answers: (a) Both lex/h and ley/b 15. (b) Both lex/h and ley y/b 10. (c) Either lex/h or ley/b 15 (d) Either lex/h or ley y/b 10
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Self-Assessment Questions
Q2. Give the definition of R.C. column in accordance with BS8110. Answers: (a) h/b > 4 (b) h/b 4 (c) h/b > 3 (d) h/b 3
h
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Self-Assessment Questions
Q3. A short braced column is supporting a symmetrical arrangement of main beams subject to dead and i imposed dl loads. d Which equation would be used for its ultimate axial l d calculation? load l l ti ? Answers: (a) N = 0.4fcuAc + 0.75Ascfy (b) N = 0.45f 0 45fcuAc + 0.87f 0 87fyAsc (c) N = 0.35fcuAc + 0.67fyAsc
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Self-Assessment Questions
Q4. A short braced column has a 300 mm square section and is made from grade 40 concrete and is reinforced with i h 6T32 b bars. The Th column l supports a symmetrical i l arrangement of beams carrying dead and imposed load. Calculate its ultimate axial load capacity. capacity Answers: (a) 2679 kN (b) 3027 kN (c) 3463 kN
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Self-Assessment Questions
Q5. A short braced column has a 300 mm square section and is made from grade 40 concrete and is reinforced with i h 6T32 b bars. The Th column l supports an approximately symmetrical arrangement of beams (i.e. difference in spans is less than 15%) carrying dead and imposed load. Calculate its ultimate axial load p y capacity. Answers: (a) ( ) 2679 kN (b) 3027 kN (c) ( ) 3463 kN
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Assignment No. 6
AQ1 A short column has a 300 x 500 mm section and is subjected to an ultimate axial load of 4000 kN and a d i bending design b di moment of f 300 kNm kN about b i major its j axis. Calculate the area of reinforcement required. Given that (i) Nominal cover = 35 mm; (ii) Links size = 10 mm; (iii) fcu = 35 N/mm2, fy = 460 N/mm2. Answer: As = 8100 mm2
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Assignment No. 6
AQ2 A short column has a 300 x 500 mm section, and is reinforced with 6T32 bars as shown in below. The column l i subjected is bj d to an ultimate li axial i l load l d of f 3250 kN and an ultimate moment about its major axis. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the column. column Given that (i) Nominal cover = 35 mm; (ii) Links size = (iii) ) fcu = 35 N/mm2, fy = 460 N/mm2. 10 mm; (
300
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Assignment No. 6
AQ3 A short column has a 300 x 500 mm section, and is reinforced with 6T32 bars as shown in below. The column l i subjected is bj d to an ultimate li axial i l load l d and d an ultimate moment of 350 kNm about its major axis. Determine the ultimate axial load capacity of the column. Given that (i) Nominal cover = 35 mm; (ii) (iii) ) fcu = 35 N/mm2, fy = 460 Links size = 10 mm; ( N/mm2. 300 Answer: N = 2250 kN
3T32 50 00 3T32
M=350 kNm
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Assignment No. 6
AQ4 A 350 x450 mm short column is subjected to an ultimate axial load of 3500 kN, and ultimate moments of f 280 kNm kN and d 180 kNm kN about b i major its j and d minor i axes respectively. Determine the area of reinforcement required Given that (i) Nominal cover = 40 mm; (ii) required. Links size = 10 mm; (iii) fcu = 40 N/mm2, fy = 460 N/mm2. Answer: As = 7400 mm2
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Assignment No. 6
AQ5 A 350 x450 mm short column is subjected to an ultimate axial load of 3500 kN, and ultimate moments of f 200 kNm kN and d 180 kNm kN about b i major its j and d minor i axes respectively. Determine the area of reinforcement required Given that (i) Nominal cover = 40 mm; (ii) required. Links size = 10 mm; (iii) fcu = 40 N/mm2, fy = 460 N/mm2. Answers: As = 6770 mm2
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Assignment No. 6
AQ6 Fig. AQ6 shows the general arrangement of a braced column in a frame. Determine whether the column shown h i a short is h or slender l d for f each h floor. fl I is It i given i that the floor to floor height is 4.5 m. Answers: (i) (ii) 2/F - 1/F 1/F - Base B ( ) Short (a) Sh ( ) Short (a) Sh
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Assignment No. 6
AQ7 If the column shown in Fig. AQ6 is an unbraced column in a frame. Determine whether the column is a short h or slender l d for f each h floor. fl I is It i given i that h the h floor fl to floor height is 4.5 m. Answers: (i) (ii) 2/F - 1/F 1/F - Base B ( ) Slender (a) Sl d ( ) Slender (a) Sl d
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Assignment No. 6
500 x y y x Beam A 2/F Beam A 200 x 350 Beam B 250 x 550 Floor to floor height = 4.5m Beam A 4500 Beam B 1/F Beam A 4500 Fixed Support Base 250
Figure AQ6
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