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, , , .
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.

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.

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)
(ammonium oxidizing bacteria) ,

(-nitritification), :

23 + 32 2-2 + 22 + 2+
Nitrosomonas (, ,
, ), Nitrosococcus (, ), Nitrosospira (),
Nitrosolobus (), Nitrosovibrio ().
) ()
( nitratification). :
2-2 + 2 --> 2-3
Nitrobacter ( , , ), Nitrospina (),
Nitrococcus (), Nitrospira ().
-
.
.
Nitrosomonas Nitrospira,
Nitrosococcus. 9 ,

, .
Nitrobacter
Nitrococcus , Nitrospira

.
(76 kJ/mole)
(287 kJ/mole),
, ,
, Nitrobacter,
Nitrosomonas. , ,

.
.


.

. Butt Lees
Nitrobacter winogradskyi. Downing
Scragg 0.3 mg/L
,
0.05
mg/L (Abeliovich, 1987). Schobert Engel
() 1 mg/L
2 mg/L .
, Nagel Haworth , 1
mg/L 3 mg/L, .



.
.
.
30 C, 5 C
40 C. 10
, 30 38 5
C. ,

.
pH
.
Nitrosomonas europaea
pH . pH
7.8.
pH . Wild et al.
pH 7.0 50% pH 8.0,
. Engle Alexander Downing et al.
pH 7.2 8.0
7.2. Hall pH
7.2 9.4 pH 6.3. Hankinson Schmidt

pH . Antoniou et al. (1990)
pH 6.9 84% pH 7.9 20 C,
15 pH 6.8 42% pH 7.8
pH .
pH, Poduska Andrews
pH 7.2 6.4.
, pH 7.2 5.8
. pH 7.2
, pH
.


.


.
,
.
. 70
95 %
30 .
. Diab Shilo


.
,

.
{:
http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/dspace/bitstream/123456789/485/1/Nimertis_Kakogianni.pdf
http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/dspace/bitstream/123456789/219/1/430.pdf }

:
http://www.aquatek.gr/vb/showthread....E1%EA%F9%F3%E7
.

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,
.
. ,
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.
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(PVA)
:

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(PVA)
. ( LentiKats

http://www.lentikats.eu/en/faq/faq-cisteni ).
(..

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( )
(
).
(http://literatur.vti.bund.de/digbib_extern/zi029521.pdf )


.
, .
( )
1000
, .
( )
1-10 C ,

.