11 Chuong7.part1

Chng
Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh
Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh
1. Gii thieu Be Song Hong nam trong khoang 105 30- 110 30 kinh o ong, 14 300 0 0
hien c mo kh Tien Hai C (TH-C). T khi co chnh sach oi mi, nhat la khi co luat au t nc ngoai, be Song Hong c tang cng au t nghien cu va TKTD ca tren at lien va phan ngoai khi vi 12 hp ong phan chia san pham (PSC) va cung ieu hanh (JOC). Tren phan lanh tho Viet Nam cua be Song Hong a khao sat tong cong hn 80.000 km tuyen a chan 2D va 1200 km2 a chan 3D, nhng phan bo khong eu, tap trung chu yeu cac lo at lien, ven ca Song Hong va bien Mien Trung. a khoan tren 50 gieng tm kiem tham do (tren at lien: 27 gieng, ngoai khi: 24 gieng), co mot phat hien kh at lien a va ang khai thac. ngoai khi tuy a phat hien kh, nhng cha co phat hien thng mai quan trong e co the tham lng va phat trien mo. Trong khi o, phan dien tch thuoc lanh hai Trung Quoc a co nhieu phat hien dau va kh, co nhng phat hien quan trong a i vao phat trien va khai thac. Be Song Hong rong ln, co cau truc a chat phc tap thay oi t at lien ra bien theo hng ong bac - tay nam va nam, bao gom cac vung a chat khac nhau, oi tng TKTD cung v the ma khac nhau. Co the phan thanh ba vung a chat (Hnh 7.1).
181
21000v o Bac. Ve ia ly, be Song Hong co mot phan nho dien tch nam tren at lien thuoc ong bang Song Hong, con phan ln dien tch thuoc vung bien vnh Bac Bo va bien mien Trung thuoc cac tnh t Quang Ninh en Bnh nh. ay la mot be co lp phu tram tch e Tam day hn 14 km, co dang hnh thoi keo dai t mien vong Ha Noi ra vnh Bac Bo va bien mien Trung (Hnh 7.1). Doc ra pha Tay be troi lo cac a mong Paleozoi-Mesozoi. Pha ong Bac tiep giap be Tay Loi Chau (Weizou Basin), pha ong lo mong Paleozoi-Mesozoi ao Hai Nam, ong Nam la be ong Nam Hai Nam va be Hoang Sa, pha Nam giap be tram tch Phu Khanh. Trong tong so dien tch ca be khoang 220.000 km2, be Song Hong ve pha Viet Nam chiem khoang 126.000 km2, trong o phan at lien mien vong Ha Noi (MVHN) va vung bien nong ven b chiem khoang hn 4.000 km , con lai la dien tch ngoai
2
khi vnh Bac Bo va mot phan bien mien Trung Viet Nam. Cong tac tm kiem tham do (TKTD) dau kh be Song Hong a c tien hanh t au thap ky 60 cua the ky trc, nhng chu yeu ch c thc hien tren at lien va en nam 1975 a phat
Vung Tay Bac bao gom mien vong Ha
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
1
Viet Nam BE TAY LOI CHAU
ao Hai Nam
Lao
3
Hnh 7.1. V tr va phan vung cau truc a chat be Song Hong (1) Vung Tay Bac; (2) Vung Trung Tam ; (3) Vung Pha Nam
Noi va mot so lo pha Tay Bac cua vnh Bac Bo. ac iem cau truc noi bat cua vung nay la cau truc uon nep phc tap kem nghch ao kien tao trong Miocen. Vung trung tam t lo 107-108 en lo 114-115 vi mc nc bien dao ong t 20-90 m. Vung nay cung co cau truc a dang, phc tap, nhat la tai phu be Hue-a Nang, nhng nhn chung co
182
mong nghieng thoai dan vao trung tam (depocentre) vi o day tram tch hn 14.000 m. Cac cau tao noi chung co cau truc khep kn ke tha tren mong pha Tay, en cac cau truc set diapir noi bat gia trung tam. Vung pha Nam t lo 115 en lo 121, vi mc nc thay oi t 30-800 met nc, co cau truc khac han so vi hai vung noi
tren v co mong nho cao tren a luy Tri Ton tao them carbonat va am tieu san ho, ben canh pha Tay la a hao Quang Ngai va pha ong la cac ban a hao Ly Sn co tuoi Oligocen. Trong hang chuc nam qua, tai lieu cua cac nha thau dau kh (ma phan ln cha c cong bo) a giup ch rat nhieu lam sang ro cau truc a chat va he thong dau kh be Song Hong. Ngoai cac tai lieu tren chung toi a s dung rat nhieu tai lieu cua Vien Dau kh (VPI), cua Cong ty au tPhat trien Dau kh (PIDC), cung nh cac van lieu cong bo cua cac nha nghien cu trong va ngoai nc nh a neu phan tai lieu tham khao. 2. Lch s tm kiem, tham do va khai thac dau kh Cong tac TKTD va khai thac dau kh be tram tch Song Hong c thc hien trc tien ong bang Song Hong. Lch s nghien cu, ket qua TKTD & KT co the chia lam hai giai oan chnh, trc 1987 va t 1988 en nay. a. Giai oan trc 1987 Giai oan nay ch tap trung khao sat chu yeu mien vong Ha Noi, la ni m rong ve pha Tay Bac cua be Song Hong vao at lien, la vung c nghien cu a chat dau kh ngay t au nhng nam 60 vi s giup ve tai chnh va cong nghe cua Lien Xo cu. Hai phng phap tham do au tien la khao sat t hang khong va trong lc (19611963) vi ty le 1/200.000. Sau o, trong cac nam 1964, 1967, 1970-1973, 1976 va 19801982, 1983-1985 a tien hanh nghien cu trong lc chi tiet hn tai mot so vung (phan ong Nam dai Khoai Chau-Tien Hai, Kien
183
Xng) at ty le 1/50.000-1/25.000. Tuy vay, cac phng phap x ly tai lieu trc ay chu yeu la thu cong nen o chnh xac khong cao. Cac ket qua minh giai chu yeu mang tnh khu vc. Cha xay dng c cac s o cau truc ty le tng xng vi mc o tai lieu a co. Tiep theo la cong tac tham do ien cau tao c thc hien trong cac nam 19641969 tren dien tch 26.000 km2 vi ty le 1/200.000. Con vung Tien Hai, Kien Xng a c th nghiem cac phng phap tham do ien khac nhau nh o sau ien, o sau t-telua, dong telua vi ty le 1/100.000 va 1/25.000. Han che chung cua cac nghien cu nay la phan bo chu yeu phan trung tam mien vong vi mat o khao sat mang tnh khu vc. a so tai lieu co chat lng thap, ket qua co o tin cay kem. Mat khac do thieu so lieu ve chieu sau cua mong ket tinh nen viec giai thch tai lieu gap kho khan va s o dng c co o tin cay khong cao. Vi muc ch nghien cu cau truc khu vc va tm kiem cac cau tao co trien vong dau kh, ong thi vi cac phng phap nghien cu a vat ly neu tren a tien hanh tham do a chan khuc xa (1962-1973), phan xa (1973-1975) va phan xa iem sau chung (1975 en nay) vi cac ty le khac nhau t 1/200.000-1/25.000. Khoang tren 9.000 km tuyen a chan c thu no bang cac tram may ghi tng t (analog) SMOV cu cua Lien Xo trc ay hoac bang cac tram ghi so (digital) SN338B cua Phap e nghien cu cau truc sau vi ty le 1/50.0001/25.000. Noi chung cac khao sat a chan phan xa mi tap trung khu vc trung tam mien vong Ha Noi, tren cac n v cau truc
nh trung ong Quan, trung Phng Ngai, dai nang Tien Hai, Kien Xng. Con cac vung ra ong Bac va Tay Nam hau nh khong co hoac co rat t tai lieu a chan. Han che cua loat tai lieu nay la o sau nghien cu khong ln do cong nghe thu no va x ly cha cao, nen ch quan sat c cac mat phan xa t ay Phu C tr len. Con ngoai khi, pha Bac be Song Hong trc nam 1975 hau nh khong co cac hoat ong nghien cu a vat ly, nhng pha Nam cua be co hai mang li tuyen a chan khu vc khao sat nam 1974: mang WA74-PKB (5.328 km) khao sat ven bien mien Trung va mang WA74-SHV (3.373 km) khao sat t ong lo 121-117 m rong sang pha ong cac lo 141-144 qua cac ao Hoang T Anh, Hoang T Em thuoc quan ao Hoang Sa. Nhng khao sat khu vc co tnh he thong ch mi c bat au t nam 1981 va trien khai tng oi manh trong cac nam 1983-1988. Trong giai oan nay a thu no 19.024 km tuyen, trong o 11.875 km bang tau Iskatel, Poisk va Malgin (Lien Xo cu), so con lai do Tong Cuc Dau Kh Viet Nam t to chc thc hien bang tau Bnh Minh. Nhn chung chat lng tai lieu khong cao. Ve cong tac khoan, t nam 1967-1968 a tien hanh khoan 21 lo khoan nong, ve ban o co chieu sau t 30-150m. T nam 1962-1974 a tien hanh khoan 25 gieng khoan cau tao co chieu sau t 165-1.200m vi tong khoi lng khoang tren 22.000 m khoan. Ket qua cac gieng khoan va tai lieu a chat thu c a bc au cho thay bc tranh cau truc va trien vong dau kh cua MVHN. T nam 1970-1985 MVHN a khoan 42 gieng khoan tm kiem tham do va
184
khai thac kh co chieu sau t khoang 6004.250m vi tong khoi lng khoang tren 100 nghn met khoan. Trong so 11 dien tch gom cau tao, ban cau tao khep vao t gay , cau tao dang mui, i vat nhon a tang a khoan tm kiem ch phat hien c mot mo kh nho TH-C vao nam 1975. Nam 1981 mo nay c a vao khai thac dung cho phat ien va cong nghiep a phng tnh Thai Bnh. Do kho khan ve von va cong nghe b han che t nam 1985 cong tac tham do dau kh tam ngng, hoat ong ay ch duy tr khai thac kh mo Tien Hai C. b. Giai oan t 1988 en nay (2004) T khi Luat au t nc ngoai c ban hanh cong tac tm kiem tham do dau kh them luc a Viet Nam bc vao giai oan hoat ong m rong va soi ong tren toan them, trong o co be Song Hong. T nam 1988 en nay a co 12 hp ong dau kh c ky ket e TKTD be Song Hong, trong o 9 hp ong a ket thuc do khong co phat hien thng mai (Total, Idemitsu, Shell, OMV, Sceptre, IPC, BP, va BHP), hien con 3 nha thau ang hoat ong la Petronas (PSC lo 102-106), Vietgasprom (JOC lo 112) va Maurel&Prom (MVHN). Sau khi ky hp ong cac nha thau a tch cc trien khai cong tac khao sat a chan va khoan tham do. mien vong Ha Noi nam 1994-1997, Cong ty Anzoil a thc hien 3 t thu no a chan 2D vi khoi lng 2.214 km tuyen a chan 2D, trong o co 813 km tuyen vung nc nong ven b. ieu ang nhan manh ay la, mac dau tai lieu mi co chat lng tot hn han, nhng phan di mat cat ni co oi tng cha kh Oligocen van cha c ro rang. Ket qua cua cac t khao sat sau cung a chnh xac hoa c
Hnh 7.2. Ban o cau truc mien vong Ha Noi (theo Anzoil, 1996 & PIDC, 2004)
cau truc, phat hien them c cac cau tao mi nh B10, D14, K2 (Hnh 7.2). Tren c s nghien cu cac van e kien tao, a tang, tram tch, moi trng va phan tch he thong dau kh, Anzoil a
phan ra 3 i trien vong gan lien vi 3 loai bay dau kh can TKTD nh : (1) i cau tao vom kem t gay xoay xeo Oligocen (Oligocene Tilted Fault Blocks) chu yeu phan bo trung ong Quan; (2) i cac
185
cau tao chon vui (Burried Hills Trend) vi a carbonat hang hoc va nt ne phan bo ra ong Bac MVHN; (3) i cau tao nghch ao Miocen (Miocene Inverted zone) phan bo trung tam va ong Nam MVHN (trc ay thng c goi la dai nang Khoai Chau/Tien Hai/Kien Xng). Quan iem tham do cua Anzoil la: tm kh va condensat i 1&3, tm dau i th 2, nhng tap trung u tien TKTD i 1 & 2. Cac gieng khoan a c Anzoil tien hanh khoan t 1996-1999 theo quan iem o va mc o nao o a thanh cong: 7 trong so 8 gieng a co dau hieu tot en rat tot, co mot phat hien kh (D14-1X) va mot phat hien dau (B10-1X). T nam 2002, Cong ty dau kh Maurel&Prom (Phap) thay the Anzoil ieu hanh tai MVHN, a khoan them hai gieng B26-1X va B10-2X nham tham do va tham lng oi tng carbonat nhng khong thanh cong. Cung trong nam 20012002, PIDC a khoan tiep 2 gieng khoan: (1) gieng khoan tren cau tao Phu C (PVPC-1X) la mot cau tao nghch ao dai nang Khoai Chau-Tien Hai, at chieu sau 2000m, ket qua khong nh mong i; (2) gieng khoan tren cau tao Xuan Trng (PV-XT-1X) at chieu sau 1877m, gieng khoan khong gap mong nh d kien nhng gieng co bieu hien tot ve kh va condensat, mat cat cho thay tai ay co a me Oligocen tot vi tong ham lng carbon hu c rat cao, co tiem nang sinh dau. Con ngoai khi (lo 101 en 121) t nam 1989 en nay, cong tac khao sat a vat ly be Song Hong chu yeu do cac nha thau nc ngoai thc hien theo cam ket cua hp ong dau kh. Cac nha thau dau kh
186
nc ngoai a thu no 51.054 km a chan 2D va 450 km2 a chan 3D. Song song vi cac hoat ong cua cac nha thau nc ngoai, Petrovietnam cung a trien khai nhieu hoat ong TKTD be Song Hong nh thc hien khao sat a vat ly khong oc quyen 3.173 km tuyen khu vc vi Geco-Prakla (1993), hoan thanh cac nghien cu chung (Joint Study) vi Arco (1995), Mobil (1997-1998). Cac nam 1995, 1996, Cong ty Tham doKhai thac (PVEP) a thu no 4.960 km tuyen va a phat hien ra 5 cau tao co lien quan ti diapir set va am tieu san ho co trien vong dau kh lo 113. T nam 1998-2003 Cong ty au t Phat trien Dau kh (PIDC/PVSC) a thu no 2.923 km 2D va 831 km2 a chan 3D tai lo 103 nham chuan b cau tao cho chien dch khoan tham do sap ti. Tnh en nay, ngoai khi be Song Hong a thu no tong cong khoang 86.000 km tuyen a chan 2D (at mat o nghien cu 0,70 km/km2) va 1.281 km2 a chan 3D. Cong tac khoan tham do ngoai khi be Song Hong chu yeu cung do cac nha thau dau kh thc hien. T nam 1990 en nay a khoan 25 gieng, trong o cac nha thau khoan 24 gieng va Tong cong ty Dau kh/PVSC (PIDC) khoan 1 gieng, bnh quan 2.900 m/gieng. Gieng nong nhat la gieng 104-QV-1X tren cau tao Qua Vai (lo 104 cua OMV) at 1.050 m, gieng sau nhat la 112-BT-1RX cua Shell tren cau tao Bach Tr at 4.114 m. Bnh quan co 2,1 gieng khoan tren mot lo hp ong. Mat o khoan la 1 gieng/6.100 km2. Trong so 25 gieng khoan c thi cong be Song Hong, ngoai tr mot gieng hong (112-BT-1X) th 65% so cac gieng eu co bieu hien kh t trung bnh en tot, co 15 gieng c tien hanh th
va trong o co 6 gieng c coi la co phat hien nhng khong thng mai (103-TH1X, 115-A-1X, 117-STB-1X, 118-CVX1X, 119-CH-1X, VGP112-BT-1X), ty le phat hien la 25%. ang ke nhat la gieng 103-TH-1X thuoc lo hp ong cua Total, a tien hanh th 4 khoang, 3 khoang cho dong vi tong lu lng 5,87 trieu feet khoi kh ngay (165.000 m /ngay) va 123 thung
3
keo tach (pull-apart) co hng tay bac ong nam, c khong che hai canh bang cac t gay thuan trt bang ngang (Hnh 7.3). S khi au hoat ong cua cac t gay nay la do va cham cua mang An o vao mang Au-A vao thi ky Eocen-Oligocen sm. Hoat ong trt bang trai va keo tach chnh la yeu to a ong lc chu yeu tao be Song Hong. Sau qua trnh nghch ao kien tao trong Miocen gia-muon, be tram tch tiep tuc trai qua qua trnh sut lun nhiet cho en ngay nay. La mot be tram tch co lch s phat trien a chat phc tap t Paleogen en nay, be Song Hong vi nhieu pha cang gian-nen ep, nghch ao kien tao, nang len-ha xuong, bao mon-cat xen, uon vong do nhiet, kem s thang giang mc nc bien, v the, theo khong gian va thi gian, cau truc a chat va moi trng tram ong khong ong nhat ma bien oi t Bac vao Nam, t at lien ra bien, t mong trc e Tam en tram tch hien ai. Cung v the, be Song Hong bao gom nhieu n v cau truc khac nhau, an cha tiem nang dau kh khac nhau. Hnh 7.4 cho thay co 12 n v cau truc, lan lt t phan Tay-Bac xuong phan trung tam en cuoi pha Nam cua be Song Hong. Tuy nhien, can nhan manh rang, cach phan i cau truc nay khong hoan toan nhat quan theo mot quan iem nao o, ma chu yeu la da vao hnh thai cau truc hien ai co xet en tiem nang trien vong dau kh lien quan. 3.1. Trung ong Quan ay la phan trung sau trong at lien thuoc MVHN, c gii han vi phan ra ong Bac bi he t gay Song Lo ve pha
187
condensat/ngay (11,6m /ngay).

3
Tnh hnh au t va ket qua hoat ong tm kiem tham do neu tren cho thay mc o tai lieu va hoat ong TKTD (a chan, khoan) khong ong eu gia cac lo. Vung ong lo 106 va lo 101 con cha c nghien cu, cac lo 107-110 chu yeu mi co tai lieu khao sat a chan khu vc, con vung nc nong di 10m nc va vung ca vnh, ni co nhieu cau tao trien vong nhng van cha c khoan tham do, vung ong lo 118-119 do nc sau tren 800 m nen con cha c lu y thch ang. Mac du dien tch ngoai khi be Song Hong la khu vc rat rong ln, con nhieu b an ve tiem nang dau kh, song cong tac TKTD noi chung ch c ay manh t nhng nam 90, cha co nhng bc soi ong nh them luc a pha Nam. e ay manh va nang cao hieu qua tham do be Song Hong can thiet phai au t nghien cu chnh xac cau truc a chat va he thong dau kh, ong thi phai nghien cu ap dung cac cong nghe mi (a chan, khoan) phu hp vi ieu kien a chat phc tap cua be Song Hong. 3. Cac yeu to cau truc va kien tao Be Song Hong la mot be tram tch e Tam c hnh thanh t mot a hao dang
Hnh 7.3. Hnh thai cau truc Be Song Hong (theo OMV, 2001)
ong Bac va vi i nghch ao kien tao bi t gay Vnh Ninh ve pha Tay, va con keo dai ra vung bien nong thuoc lo 102. ac iem noi bat cua cua i nay la cac tram tch Miocen day 3.000m, uon vong nhng on nh, t hoat ong kien tao, va nam bat chnh hp len tram tch EocenOligocen, day hn 4.000 m, a b nang len, bao mon-cat xen cuoi thi ky Oligocen. Hoat ong kien tao nang len, kem vi viec
188
dch chuyen trai vao thi ky o a tao nen mot mat cat Oligocen co nhieu khoi-t gay thuan-xoay xeo (normal-tilted fault block). Cac khoi-t gay- xoay xeo nay la nhng bay dau kh quan trong, ma mot trong so o a c phat hien la mo kh D14 (Hnh 7.5).
Hnh 7.4. Ban o cau truc mong va cac i cau truc chnh be Song Hong (Theo N.M. Huyen, 1998, hieu chnh nam 2004) 189
Hnh 7.5. Mo kh Tien Hai-C trong i nghch ao kien tao Miocen (A) va mo kh D14 i trung ong Quan vi khoi-t gay- xoay xeo trong Oligocen (B) (theo Anzoil, 1996)
3.2. i nghch ao Miocen Tay Bac be Song Hong Thc chat i nay trc o nam trong mot a hao sau, chieu sau mong sau tren 8 km trong pham vi t at lien ra en lo 102, 103, 107 nhng sau o b nghch ao trong thi ky t Miocen gia en cuoi Miocen muon, vai ni nghch ao kien tao con hoat ong trong ca au thi ky Pliocen. i nghch ao nam kep gia t gay Song Chay Tay Nam va t gay Vnh Ninh ong Bac, keo dai t at lien ra bien. Cac cau tao ac trng cho nghch ao kien tao Miocen la cau tao Tien Hai (at lien), Hoa ao, Cay Quat, Hoang Long, Bach Long... cac lo 102, 103, 106, 107. Hoat ong nghch ao nay giam dan, tao thanh mui nho ong Sn keo dai en lo 108, 109. Nguon goc cua nghch ao kien tao la do dch chuyen trt bang phai cua he
190
thong t gay Song Hong vao thi ky cuoi Miocen. V vay, mat cat tram tch Miocen b nen ep, nang len, b bao mon cat xen manh, mat tram tch t vai tram va co the en hang nghn met, thi gian thieu vang tram tch t mot en vai trieu nam. Cang ve pha Tay - Nam cua MVHN, hien tng bao mon cat cut cang manh hn, do ay va co dch chuyen ngang va co hien tng quay theo chieu kim ong ho. Tuy ay la mot oi tng TKTD het sc quan trong, nhng do cau tao c hnh thanh muon hn pha tao dau chnh va lai b bao mon cat xen qua manh nen kha nang tch tu dau kh b han che. V the ay co the xem la rui ro th nhat cua cac bay dau kh loai nay. Rui ro th hai lien quan en chat lng cha, v trc o, tram tch Miocen a nam rat sau trong a hao (co) nen at a a tng b nen ep chat bi ap suat tnh,
Hnh 7.6. Phat hien kh va condensat trong cat ket Miocen tai gieng khoan 103-TH-1X (theo PIDC, 2004)
cho du sau khi b nghch ao mat cat c nang len nhng at a nay van gi o rong nguyen sinh thap co t trc, roi lai chu them cac qua trnh bien oi th sinh nen o rong lai cang kem i. Phng hng tm kiem tham do cho cac cau tao loai nay la chon cac cau tao bnh on ve mat kien tao, t b bao mon va co thi gian bao mon ngan nhat trong Miocen (Hnh 7.6). 3.3. Trung Trung Tam be Song Hong Trung Trung Tam la phan tram tch kha bnh on ve mat kien tao, mong nam sau hn 14 km, nam ngay chnh gia vnh Bac Bo, chay theo hng tay bac - ong nam, trong pham vi rat rong t cac lo 108 en 115. Tai tam bon trung (depocentre), thanh phan hat mn la chu yeu, co cac diapir set phat trien va tren o cac tram tch Miocen tren- Pliocen b nang vi bien o nho. Vao
191
cuoi Miocen au Pliocen, do anh hng cua kien tao nghch ao phan Tay Bac vnh Bac Bo nh a noi tren nen tram tch Pliocen b nang len chut t tao thanh i nang ong Sn keo dai t lo 108 en lo 111. Do hng o vat lieu t Tay Bac xuong ong Nam va hng a v tuyen t at lien ra bien, nen co nhieu than cat dang non phong vat va cac tap turbidit co tuoi Miocen muon - Pliocen sm. Cac oi tng tm kiem tham do Trung Trung Tam bao gom: cau tao khep kn co bien o nho tren i nang ong Sn (khu vc 108, 109, 110, hnh 7.7) va cac cau tao khep kn bon chieu phat trien tren cac diapir set (lo 110, 111, 113, hnh 7.8) nh cac phat hien Dong Fang va Ledong cua Trung Quoc va cac quat cat dang turbidit pha ong cac lo 110, 111, 112 va 113, 115 (hnh 7.9).
Gn nc Pliocen
Trong Pliocen D THNG BIN A CHN
y Pliocen
Hnh 7.7. Cac cau tao khep kn co bien o nho, nhng co d thng bien o a chan manh co the lien quan en kh (theo PIDC, 1998)
Gan noc Pliocen
Trong Plicen
ay Pliocen
Diapir set
Hnh 7.8. Mo hnh cau tao khep kn bon chieu phat trien tren cac diapir set lo 113 (a) va mat cat a chan thc te (b)
3.4. Them Ha Long (Ha Long Shelf) Them Ha Long (co tac gia goi la i ong Bac t gay Song Lo) pha ong Bac t gay Song Lo phat trien t at lien ra bien en cac lo 101 va Bac lo 106. Tai ay co lp phu tram tch Kainozoi mong va mong Paleozoi nang cao dan roi lo tren mat at lien tai ra ong Bac MVHN. Mot so gieng khoan nong trong i nay a phat hien c cac a mong carbonat
192
(K.8, K.14, K.81, B10-1X) va a phien setsericit, cat ket dang quarzit (B10-1X, B261X, ) Paleozoi muon. Mong cua phan ra noi dan len cao va lo ra nhieu ni nh o Sn, Kien An, Vnh Ha Long (hnh 7.10) vi cac thanh tao carbonat va luc nguyen Paleozoi muon (Devon-Carbon-Permi). Gii han ra ong Bac cua mong Paleozoi la t gay ng 18 (Pha Lai - ong Trieu), o cung la ranh gii cua cau truc
Hnh 7.9. Lat cat khu vc qua tam bon trung va cac quat cat/turbidit - lo 111 (theo OMV, 2001)
Hnh 7.10. Cac ao a voi Vnh Ha Long va cac i nt ne trong a voi Paleozoi muon
nen sau-Caledoni va trung Mesozoi. Lp phu tram tch Kainozoi khong qua 2000m trong mot so a hao rat hep va mong dan ve pha Bac, Tay Bac. Tren ban o a chat
Viet Nam, co the thay ay la mien mong n nghieng ma pho bien hn ca la a voi Carbon - Permi (he tang Bac Sn), a voi va phien silic Devon gia - tren (he tang Lo
193
Sn) hoac cat ket a phien mau o va cuoi ket Devon di (he tang o Sn). Doc theo he thong t gay Song Lo, canh ra them Ha Long la mot a hao nho hep, trong o co cac khoi mong nho cao nh Yen T Ch Linh (la oi tng TKTD), ton tai cac khoi a voi tuoi Carbon-Permi c chon vui di tram tch Oligocen - Miocen, co nt ne, co kha nang cha dau kh (giong nh Anzoil a phat hien B10, hnh 7.11). Cac oi tng tm kiem dau kh la a hnh vui lap carbonat, chiem mot dien tch nho trong cac a hao nho hep (hnh 7.12) keo dai t at lien ra goc ong-Nam lo 106 va goc ong-Bac lo 102. Phan ln dien tch lo 101 thuoc them Ha Long la mot n nghieng cha c nghien cu. 3.5. i nghch ao Bach Long V Mot a hao nho hep t gia lo 107 theo hng ong bac - tay nam en goc ong - Nam cua lo 106 va ven theo ra pha Tay-Bac cua ao Bach Long V, chu anh hng cua hoat ong kien tao nghch ao vao thi ky Oligocen muon - Miocen sm (Hnh 7.13, 7.14). Che o kien tao nay ch xay ra vung giao nhau cua hai he thong t gay khac hng tay bac - ong nam vi tay nam - ong bac. Cac cau tao ch c phat trien trong tram tch Oligocen-Miocen di nam trong cac a hao hep vi nguon sinh nho. a hao nay la phan uoi cua be Tay Loi Chau noi vi be Song Hong, ma be Tay Loi Chau Trung Quoc a phat hien dau trong tram tch vun Eocen. 3.6. Them n nghieng Thanh - Nghe (Thanh-Nghe Monocline) Them n nghieng Thanh Nghe chay doc theo ng b t ra Tay-Nam MVHN
194
qua cac lo 103, 104 xuong Bac lo 111. Ra Tay-Nam MVHN la phan nho cao cua mong ket tinh Proterozoi thuoc i cat trt Song Hong va cau truc Mesozoi Ninh Bnh - Song a (Meso-Tethys Song a). Mong Trc-Kainozoi khong ch la cac phc he bien chat ket tinh Proterozoi va pho bien hn con la cac thanh tao carbonat, carbonatset va luc nguyen Mesozoi. Cac thanh tao gneis Proterozoi va carbonat Mesozoi chiem v tr nho cao cua mat mong, con cac tram tch luc nguyen va set-voi Mesozoi thng nam trong lom sau ma tren o cac tram tch Kainozoi co the day ti 2.000m. Ve pha Nam, nhn chung them n nghieng ThanhNghe co xu the nghieng o doc ra bien, gom nhieu loai a tram tch tuoi khac nhau t Paleozoi (Ordovic muon - Silur, CarbonPermi) en Mesozoi (Trias, Creta) va cac thanh tao xam nhap granit-biotit, granit hai mica co tuoi Paleozoi. Trong pham vi them co mot vai cau tao dang vui lap (nh Qua Vai, Qua Tao, Qua Le lo 104, hnh 7.15) vi lp phu tram tch mong (500-1.000 m) co tuoi t Miocen en hien ai. Di chan them co nay co mot vai bay a tang dang ke ap len mong (qua Chuoi lo 104, Te Giac lo 111, hnh 7.16) nhng vi tiem nang khong ln do a cha co o rong nho. oi tng ang quan tam hn la cac bay a tang cat ket co tuoi Oligocen-Miocen sm. 3.7. Them a Nang (Da Nang Shelf) Them a Nang la phan them nghieng t goc pha Nam lo 111 chay doc theo ng b ve pha Nam ti them Phan Rang pha Tay be Phu Khanh. Mong trc e Tam cua them c ac trng bi tram tch phan
Hnh 7.11. Cau tao B10 ni phat hien dau trong mong Carbonat Permi nt ne (Anzoil, 1996)
Mng Carbonat Mz
Trm tch Eocen?
Tuyn 2590
Hnh 7.12. a hnh vui lap carbonat tai cau tao Yen T, lo 106 - mot oi tng cha dau mi (PIDC, 2004) 195
TN
a ho nghch o cui Oligocen - Miocen sm
Hng o Bch Long V Thm Thanh Ngh

_
Hnh 7.13. Tuyen GPGTR 83-07, lat cat khu vc qua trung tam, t them Thanh-Nghe (lo 103) qua ao Bach Long V (lo 107)
Hnh 7.14. Lat cat qua cau tao PA trong i nghch ao Oligocen Bach Long V
196
Hnh 7.15. Cau tao qua Vai (lo 104) tren them n nghieng Thanh - Nghe (theo OMV, 1999)
Hnh 7.16. Cau tao Te Giac (lo 111) nam ke ap len mong cua them Thanh - Nghe (theo Sceptre, 1992) 197
Hnh 7.17. Cau tao Anh Vu va Hoang Anh (lo 112) tren them n nghieng a Nang
lp co tuoi Paleozoi en Meozoi. Nhieu ni, them c phu bang lp carbonat them co tuoi Miocen gia -muon, nh tai cau tao Anh Vu, hay Hoang Anh, lo 112 (Hnh 7.17). Nhn chung rat t cac cau tao co trien vong dau kh trong pham vi phat trien cua them do lp phu tram tch Kainozoi mong. 3.8. Phu be Hue- a Nang Phu be Hue - a Nang chu s chi phoi cua cac he thong t gay Song Ca - Rao Nay - Hue trong pham vi cac lo 112 va 114. Vao cuoi Oligocen cac t gay ay la cac t gay trt bang trai, a tao nen cac cap a hao-a luy dang bac thang (en-echallon). Trong phu be nay quan trong nhat la a hao Anh Vu - a Nang va i nang Hai Yen Bach Tr - Than Nong. Phan ln cac khoi mong ay c nang len trc Oligocen sm va tiep tuc c phat trien ong tram
198
tch trong Miocen sm. Mot oi ni, trong cac a hao hep, co hoat ong nghch ao kien tao cuoi Oligocen-Miocen sm nh cau tao Voi lo 111 (hnh 7.18), cau tao Kim Tc lo 114 (hnh 7.19). Tren cac i nang la cac cau tao phat trien ke tha tren mong a voi tuoi Devon gia-muon co kha nang cha dau kh nh cac cau tao Hai Yen, Bach Tr (Hnh 7.20). Ngoai ra trong phu be Hue-a Nang con co nhieu cau tao khep kn bon chieu trong tram tch Miocen (cau tao ai Bang, lo 112 (hnh 7.21) va mot vai cau tao am tieu carbonat nho. 3.9. i nang Tri Ton i nang Tri Ton la i nho cao cua mong pha Nam be Song Hong, ma tren o co lp phu la tram tch vun Oligocen, a voi nen (platform carbonate) va khoi xay carbonat - am tieu san ho (carbonate build-
Hnh 7.18. Cau tao Voi (lo 111), phu be Hue-a Nang
Hnh 7.19. Cau tao Kim Tc (lo 114), nghch ao trong Miocen sm, phu be Hue - a Nang (theo Shell,1990)
199
Hnh 7.20. Cau tao Bach Tr, mong a voi Devon, lo 112, phu be Hue - a Nang (theo PIDC,1998)
Hnh 7.21. Cau tao ai Bang, lo 112, phu be Hue - a Nang (theo Shell, 1993)
200
Hnh 7.22. Cau tao carbonat Ca Voi Xanh, lo 118, i nang Tri Ton (theo BP, 1992)
1080 10' E 1080 20' E
BB
95
-0
72
5
1080 30' E 1080 40' E
111
LD 14-1-1 LD 14-1-18
UPPER PLIOCENE LOWER MIOCENE

LD 15-1-2
Prospect 111A
10
DRILLED WELL (CNOC)
170 30' E
LD 21-1-1 -06 5
113
LD 20-1-1 LD 20-1-2
BB
Prospect 113D
170 20' E
TU RB ID IT E
Prospect 113A
BB
95
-0
51
ZO NE
62 0
9 BB 0A 45 5-5
BB
-0 95
5 53
Prospect 113C
170 10' E
0 52 -5 95 BB
BB
95
-0
BB 5 49 -5 95
Prospect 113B 115
114
0 5 km 10
170 00' E
1080 10' E
1080 20' E
1080 30' E
1080 40' E
Hnh 7.23. Cau tao C (carbonat), lo 113 (theo PVSC, 1998)
ups/reefal carbonate) tuoi Miocen gia - muon. Theo cac ket qua nghien cu cua Nguyen Manh Huyen nam 1998 va mi ay nam 2002 i nay co chieu dai khoang hn 500 km, phan phat trien rong nhat va cao nhat la lo 121-120, sau khi qua cac lo 119-118-117 (Hnh 7.22) th nho dan va
201
chm dan ve pha lo 113. Thc te, khi lien ket va tong hp cac tai lieu a chan vung lo 115, lo 113, ong lo 111, tai lieu ke can cua Trung Quoc va ac biet la tai lieu trong lc ve tinh cho thay i nang Tri Ton khong dng lai pha Nam lo 115 nh mot so cong bo trc ay, ma thc te con phat
118-BT-1X
Hnh 7.24. Quat cat bay a tang, cau tao Bach Tuoc trong a hao Quang Ngai, lo 118 (theo BP, 1995)
trien tiep tuc kha ro en lo 113 (qua cau tao 113 C, 113 D, hnh 7.23), tham ch co the con ton tai anh hng cua carbonat ong lo 111 va tiep tuc ven ra ong lo 110. Pha ong cac lo 113, 111, 110 i nang nay phat trien ke can mot them doc hien ai co tuoi Pliocen - e T, nghieng t them Dinh c (ao Hai Nam) ra tam be (co cau truc tng t nh pha ong cac lo 120 - 121 pha Nam). Do phan nay cua i nang nam o sau ln vi moi trng bien sau (trong qua kh), nen tram tch carbonat khong con day, hn the na tren i nang b phu mot lp set Pliocen - e T qua day (khoang hn 2000 m) nen viec quan sat no tren mat cat a chan se kho khan hn nhieu so vi vung pha Nam. Mot loat cac phat hien kh tren cac cau tao khoi xay carbonat/san ho am tieu i nang Tri Ton cho thay cac tang cha co chat lng rat tot vi o rong trung bnh 20-30% nh a thay cac gieng khoan 115-A-1X, 118-STB-1X, 118-CVX-1X, 119-CH-1X.
202
3.10. a hao Quang Ngai a hao Quang Ngai la mot a hao hep, la phan uoi pha Nam cua be Song Hong, nam kep gia them a Nang va i nang Tri Ton t lo 116 en lo 121 va thong vi be nc sau Phu Khanh pha Nam. Tram tch trong a hao co the day en 8-9 km, bao gom tram tch t Eocen en hien ai. ac biet pha phun trao cuoi Miocen - Pliocen hoat ong manh tai ay, nhat la phan pha Tay lo 120. a hao nay co cau truc n gian vi hnh cat ngang nh mot lom sau oan vong. Trong o khong co nhng cau tao khep kn 3 hoac 4 chieu, nhng co nhieu quat cat tuoi Miocen co chat lng cha tot (hnh 7.24). a hao Quang Ngai la mot trong nhng khu vc sinh chnh cua phan pha Nam be Song Hong. 3.11. a hao Ly Sn a hao Ly Sn (cach ay khong xa la ao Ly Sn, huyen Ly Sn, tnh Quang Ngai) nam pha ong i nang Tri Ton, chu yeu trong pham vi pha ong cac lo
Hnh 7.25. Cau tao Ca Lang trong a hao Ly Sn, lo 118 (theo BP, 1994)
117-118 va pha Tay cac lo 141-142, con pha Nam va ong Nam tiep giap vi i nang Hoang Sa. a hao Ly Sn con co nhieu ten khac, co tac gia goi la Trung Tri Ton hoac a hao ong Tri Ton, con cong ty BP a co luc goi no la i Rift ongBac (NE Rift Province-NERP). Tram tch la cac manh vun lap ay cac a hao va ban a hao hnh thanh trong thi ky tao Rift Eocen-Oligocen. Hien tai i nay nam rat sau di mc nc bien t 500 en 1.500 m. Ve cau truc a hao Ly Sn phan bo theo hng tay nam - ong bac (nh hng cau truc cua i nang Trng Sa). Co the trong cac a hao nay nguon a me am ho se rat tot, nhng hien tai cha c nghien cu va ac biet trong i nay co rat nhieu cau tao trien vong nh Ca Chuon, Ca Lang, Rai ca, Ca ao, Ca Nga... (Hnh 7.25). Nam 1996, Cong ty BP a bo sung vao ay mang li a chan u day, phat hien c nhieu
203
cau tao trien vong hoan chnh, nhng do mc nc sau nen cha co ieu kien khoan tham do. 3.12. Them n nghieng Tay Hai Nam Nam b pha ong Vnh Bac Bo, chay doc pha Tay ao Hai Nam la Them n nghieng Tay Hai Nam (con goi la them Dinh C). Them nghieng thoai t ao Hai Nam roi o doc ve pha Tay vao trung tam be Song Hong. a mong tao them cung bao gom cac loai tram tch Paleozoi - Mesozoi (gan giong vi them Thanh - Nghe) va lp phu tram tch chu yeu la Miocen - e T mong di 1.000 m, nam trong lanh hai Trung Quoc. 4. a tang, tram tch va moi trng a tang cua be Song Hong tng oi phc tap bao gom mong trc e Tam, tram tch Paleogen, tram tch Neogen va
Hnh 7.26. Cot a tang khai quat t Bac vao Nam Be Song Hong ( N.M.Huyen 1998, hieu chnh & bo sung nam 2004)
tram tch Pliocen - e T a c nghien cu chi tiet trong chng 6. Bi vay, trong chng nay se ch neu khai quat nhng net chnh vi muc tieu nghien cu anh gia tiem nang dau kh. Hnh 7.26 la cot a tang tong hp be Song Hong mot cach khai quat t pha Bac (ben trai cot a tang) xuong pha Nam (ben phai cot a tang). Tren o cho thay mong, lp phu, thanh phan thach hoc va moi trng tram ong cua chung bien
204
oi t Bac vao Nam. ong thi, mot cach tng oi, con cho thay cac bat chnh hp chnh ong vai tro quan trong, mc o bao mon, s thieu vang tram tch va he thong dau kh trong thang a tang o. 4.1. Mong trc e Tam Mong trc e Tam khu vc MVHN va lan can lo ra kha a dang tai cac i ra ngoai va phan thanh nhieu i thanh he
- cau truc khac nhau. Ngay gia trung tam MVHN a phat hien c mong Mesozoi tai gieng khoan 104 (3.941m-TD) chu yeu gom: ryolit va tuf Mesozoi. Tai ra Tay - Nam MVHN a mong co nhat gom cac a bien chat ket tinh gneis, phien biotitamphybol Proterozoi gap trong cac gieng khoan 15 (Nam nh), 57 (Hai Hau)... Con ra ong-Bac (khu vc cac gieng khoan B10-1X, B10-2X, B26-1X...) a gap mong la cac thanh tao carbonat, phien set-sericit, cat ket bien d tuoi Paleozoi muon tng bien nong: a voi Carbon - Permi cua he tang Bac Sn, a voi va a phien silic Devon gia-tren he tang Lo Sn, cat ket phien set mau o xen cuoi ket Devon di cua he tang o Sn (Devon - PZ). Trong khi o, doc them luc a mien Trung, mong trc e Tam pho bien nhat la cac loai tram tch Ordovic tren - Silur thuoc he tang Long ai va Song Ca bao gom a voi, cuoi san ket, a phien. Ngoai ra con co cat ket, cuoi ket Devon di thuoc he tang Tan Lam, a voi Devon gia - tren thuoc he tang Cu Bai, cac a xam nhap granit-biotit... Cac he tang nay co xu the phat trien ra bien va co the tao nen nhng a hnh vui lap e tr thanh cac bay dau kh quan trong nh a c phat hien tai cau tao Bach Tr lo 112. Pha Nam be Song Hong, ngoai tr gieng khoan 115-A-1X a bat gap mong bien chat Mesozoi, con tat ca cac gieng khoan con lai eu cha gap mong trc e Tam. Tuy vay qua cac tai lieu hien co, co the d oan mong khu vc nay cung la cac a carbonat Mesozoi, a bien chat va t hn la magma xam nhap.
205
4.2. Tram tch Paleogen 4.2.1. Tram tch Eocen Tai vung Tay - Bac be Song Hong (hnh 7.27). Tram tch Eocen (he tang Phu Tien) c phat hien gieng khoan 104 thuoc MVHN gom cac tap cat ket hat tho mau o xen ke vi cuoi ket va cat ket dang khoi. Cac thanh tao vun tho mau o ay Eocen nam trc tiep tren lp set phong hoa cung mau phu tren tap phun trao ryolit cua mong. Theo tai lieu a chan, chieu day cua he tang thay oi t 100m-700m. Moi trng thanh tao chu yeu la luc a. Cac gieng khoan ngoai bien cha khoan ti he tang nay, nhng co the d oan qua lien ket tai lieu a chan, chung la phan nam sat mong trong cac a hao cua i cau truc (4) Them Ha Long sat ngay vi be Song Hong ve pha ong Bac. Cac tram tch Paleocen - Eocen (he tang Chang Liu, TQ) a c phat hien nhieu be Tay Loi Chau (TQ). Con ngoai khi be Song Hong noi chung, cha co gieng khoan nao khoan en tram tch Eocen, nhng nhn vao lat cat a chan co the d oan rang tram tch Eocen co mat nhieu ni, day vai ba tram met phan ra va co the ti hang nghn met phan trung sau. 4.2.2. Tram tch Oligocen Cac thanh tao Oligocen (he tang nh Cao, hnh 7.27) thng phan bo di o sau 2000 - 3000 m va c phat hien trong nhieu gieng khoan sau Trung tam MVHN. Nam 2002, PIDC khoan gieng khoan PV-XT1X thuoc phan ra Tay-Nam cung a phat hien c tram tch cha bao t phan xac nh tuoi Oligocen. Tram tch Oligocen chu yeu la cat ket, bot ket xen set phan phien...
Tram tch Eocen tren - Oligocen di (Phu Tien/Linshagang TQ) con co the pho bien khu vc lo 106, bao gom cac lp set mn mau en xen cat ket hat mn en tho nh a gap gieng khoan 107-PA-1X. Moi trng thanh tao chung la am ho, song ngoi. He tang nay co cha nhng tap set am ho day co kha nang sinh dau tot. Ve pha Nam be Song Hong (hnh 7.28), tram tch Oligocen (he tang Bach Tr), chu yeu c thanh tao trong cac trung sau cua khu vc. Thanh phan chu yeu bot ket xen cac lp set ket va cat ket hat nho en va phat trien xuong pha Nam, lo 114 (GK 114-KT) he tang co thanh phan cat ket nhieu hn va xen cac lp set ket, ca biet co cho xen kep nhng va than mong (GK 118-CVX). 4.3. Tram tch Neogen (Miocen) Tram tch Neogen phan bo rong rai be Song Hong vi moi trng t ong bang chau tho, ven b ti bien nong va bien sau. Chieu day cua tram tch Neogen thay oi t 500m cac i ven b en 4.000m trung tam vnh Bac Bo. Ngoai tr phan b nghch ao i Tay - Bac, hau het cac tap eu phat trien bnh on, uon vong, chu tac ong cua viec m rong Bien ong. mien vong Ha Noi va phan Tay-Bac be Song Hong cac tram tch Miocen c chia thanh 3 he tang: Phong Chau (Miocen di), Phu C (Miocen gia) va Tien Hng (Miocen tren). pha Nam cua be cac tram tch Miocen c chia ra cac he tang Song Hng (Miocen di), Tri Ton (Miocen gia) va Quang Ngai (Miocen tren). Tram tch Miocen di Tram tch Miocen di (he tang Phong
206
Chau) phan bo chu yeu trong dai Khoai Chau - Tien Hai (GK. 100) va phat trien ra vnh Bac Bo (GK 103-TH) vi s xen ke gia cac lp cat ket hat mn, cat bot ket va set ket cha dau vet than hoac nhng lp kep a voi mong (GK 103-TH, 103HOL). Moi trng bien ven b, chau tho, bien nong. Ve pha Nam be Song Hong, t lo 117-121, tram tch Miocen cang co ac iem khac han so vi vung Tay - Bac cua be. Tram tch Miocen di (he tang Song Hng) co thanh phan thach hoc chu yeu la tram tch hat mn lang ong trong moi trng bien, con tren i nang Tri Ton a bat gap a voi dolomit phan tren cua a tang (lo 120-121), va con co mat cac a xam nhap nui la trong va ngay canh a hao Quang Ngai nh GK 121-CM-1X. Tram tch Miocen gia Tram tch Miocen gia (he tang Phu C) phat trien rong khap trong mien vong Ha Noi, co be day mong vung ong Quan va phat trien ra vnh Bac Bo vi thanh phan tram tch gom cat ket, set bot ket, than va oi ni gap cac lp mong carbonat (GK 103 TH-1X, GK 107-PA-1X), moi trng bien nong xen ke vi chau tho. Ve pha Nam, tram tch Miocen gia co ac iem khac vi vung Tay Bac nen c goi la he tang Tri Ton. Tram tch he tang nay co mat cac a hao nam hai ben a luy Tri Ton: a hao Quang Ngai va a hao Ly Sn va la cac tram tch hat mn thanh tao trong moi trng bien sau; con tren a luy Tri Ton c phu mot lp a carbonat day en vai tram met, pha di la dolomit, trong khi phan tren la a voi. Tren them a voi nay phat trien kha rong rai cac am tieu sinh vat, la oi tng cha co chat lng rat tot a
gap nhieu gieng khoan trong vung. Tram tch Miocen tren Tram tch Miocen tren (he tang Tien Hng) co mat trong hau het cac gieng khoan mien vong Ha Noi va ngoai khi
vnh Bac Bo vi thanh phan chu yeu la cat ket, phan tren thng la cat ket hat tho va san soi ket, set ket, bot ket, xen cac va than. Mc o cha than giam i ro ret do tram tch tam giac chau ngap nc, vi tnh
Hnh 7.27. Cot a tang MVHN va phan Tay-Bac Be Song Hong (PIDC, nam 2004)
207
Hnh 7.28. a tang pha Nam Be Song Hong (PIDC, 2004)
bien tang theo hng tien ra vnh Bac Bo. Moi trng chu yeu la bien ven b, bien nong xen chau tho. Mot iem ang chu y la
208
tai Trung Trung Tam be Song Hong, phan tren (hoac hau het) cua mat cat Miocen tren eu la moi trng nc nong en sau.
phan pha Nam cua be, tram tch Miocen tren (he tang Quang Ngai) chu yeu la set, set ket bien va cha mot so lp a voi mong moi trng chu yeu la bien sau. Cang ve pha Tay (them a Nang) tram tch co hat tho dan va xen ke nhieu the phun trao. 4.4. Tram tch Pliocen - e T Tram tch co tuoi Pliocen - e T MVHN gom cac he tang Vnh Bao-Hai Dng-Kien Xng. Chung nam tren mat bat chnh hp cuoi Miocen, on nh va m rong en cac i ra cua MVHN. S phan bo cua cac tap tram tch Pliocen (he tang Vnh Bao) kha on nh, vi xu the day dan ra pha bien. ay la thi ky san bang a hnh, ngap lut mi sau pha nghch ao kien tao cuoi Miocen. Xu the nay c tiep tuc cho ti e T vi cac thanh tao thuoc he tang Hai Dng va Kien Xng. Cang ra bien, tram tch Pliocen-e T (he tang Bien ong) cang day len, nhng van co dang b ri, gan ket yeu. Rieng phan Trung Trung Tam be Song Hong ni tram tch Pliocen at en chieu sau t 2.000 - 3.000m la oi tng quan trong e tm kiem dau kh. Thanh phan thach hoc chu yeu la cat san soi gan ket yeu xen ke set mau xam, thanh phan hat mn ton tai Trung Trung Tam chu yeu la set. Moi trng tram tch la bien nong en bien sau. Ve pha Nam be Song Hong, he tang Bien ong chu yeu la set, set ket xen ke nhng lp mong bot va cat. Cang gan b, tram tch tho dan va co mat cac a phun trao. Moi trng tram tch la bien t nong en sau.
209
5. Cac tch tu hydrocarbon a co rat nhieu nghien cu cong bo ve cac iem lo co dau hieu dau kh tren at lien (xem chng 2 va 15). ac biet tai ong Ho, tat ca cac nghien cu eu cho thay cac vet dau sinh ra tai ay eu co nguon goc t a me la set than va set am ho co tuoi Oligocen. Cac dau hieu va cac phat hien dau kh con c khang nh qua tai lieu gieng khoan tai MVHN: a phat hien 2 mo kh nho TH.C va D14 ngoai ra co t nhat hn chuc gieng khoan tham do a co bieu hien dau kh t tot en rat tot. Trong tong so 24 gieng TKTD a khoan ngoai khi be Song Hong th co 11 gieng co dau hieu dau kh, trong o co 6 phat hien chiem 25 %. Sau ay la tom tat mot so phat hien chnh ca trong at lien va ngoai khi be Song Hong. Tai MVHN, phat hien kh Tien Hai C vao nam 1975 tuy nho, vi tr lng kh tai cho ch khoang hn 35 Bcf (1 ty m3), nhng lai anh mot dau moc vo cung quan trong trong lch s tham do dau kh mien Bac Viet Nam - ay cung la phat hien au tien trong dang bay nghch ao kien tao Miocen, mo c a vao khai thac chnh thc t nam 1981 va ang cung cap kh cho cong nghiep a phng cua tnh Thai Bnh. Phat hien kh th hai lien quan en cau tao nghch ao Miocen la lo 103, ngoai khi vnh Bac Bo. Nam 1990 Cong ty Total khoan gieng 103-TH-1X va dng chieu sau 3.413 m trong mat cat Miocen di, a phat hien t 3 va vi tong lu lng 5,87 MMcfd (165.000 m3/ngay) va gan 125 barel condensat/ngay (9,9 m3/ngay). Tr lng kh tai cho bc au tnh c khoang 247 Bcf (7 ty m3).
Nam 1996 Cong ty Anzoil a phat hien kh tren cau tao Song Tra Ly (D14-STL). Cau tao STL chnh la cau tao ong Hoang trc ay a c Petrovietnam phat hien vao nam 1975 bang tai lieu trong lc va nam 1976 bang tai lieu a chan. Cau tao co dang vom-khoi t gay xoay xeo (tilted fault block) trong tram tch Oligocen. Gieng khoan au tien cua Anzoil, D14-STL-1X khoan nam 1996 at o sau 3.354,7 m, a c th 3 va th 2 va cho dong vi tong lu lng 5, 25 trieu feet khoi kh/ngay (148.000 m3/ngay) trong tang cha la cat ket song ngoi Oligocen (hnh 7.29). Tren c s ket qua cac gieng khoan tham lng nam 2000, Anzoil a cung Cong ty Quoc te Gaffney Cline&Associates (GCA) anh gia lai tr lng D14, ch tnh rieng vom Bac la ni a co phat hien thc s e tnh toan, xay dng e an tien kha thi. Theo tnh toan nay, kh tai cho D14 dao ong t 25 Bcf (Min) en 1,7 Tcf (Max) tc xap xy 0,8
en 48,5 ty m3 kh, trung bnh la 133 Bcf (3,7 ty m3). Hien mo ang c th va dai han e thu thap cac thong so lap ke hoach khai thac. Cung nam 1996, Anzoil phat hien dau tai cau tao Song Thai Bnh (B10-STB). Cau tao Song Thai Bnh la cau tao chon vui (Burried Hill) carbonat au tien co cha dau c phat hien MVHN. Gieng khoan B10-STB-1X dng lai chieu sau 1.450 m sau khi xuyen qua 35m a voi va 90 m cat bot ket xen ke ran chac tuoi Carbon-Permi (hnh 7.30). Gieng a cho dong 164 barel/ ngay (25 m3/ngay) khi x ly va bang axit va 227 barel/ngay (36 m3/ngay) khi co s ho tr cua bm hut trong gieng khoan. Do gieng khoan ch gap 12 m cha dau trong lp a voi tren cung, tr lng nho cung vi tnh chat tham cha kem cua va, phat hien B10 v vay cha c xem la thng mai. Tuy nhien, phat hien nay m ra mot hng mi cho viec tm dau vung ong-
Hnh 7.29. Tang cha cat ket Oligocen, gieng khoan D14-STL-1X
Hnh 7.30. Tang cha a voi mong nt ne, trc e Tam gieng khoan B10-STB-1X
210
Bac MVHN khu vc phan Tay Bac ngoai khi be Song Hong. Tai cac lo pha Nam, cac cong ty IPL, BP a phat hien nhieu mo kh cha trong a carbonat tren i nang Tri Ton: gieng khoan 115-A-1X (lo 115), gieng khoan 117-STB-1X (lo 117), gieng khoan 119CH-1X (lo 119); gieng khoan 118-CVX-1X (lo 118). ay la cac mo kh khong lo, tuy nhien cac phat hien nay co thanh phan CO2 rat cao, nen cha the phat trien c. Kh hydrocarbon tai cac phat hien pha Nam be Song Hong eu co thanh phan va nguon goc kha giong nhau. Cac kh nay hn 75%). Nguon goc cua CO2 co the sinh eu b lan kh CO2, vi ham lng cao (ln
mo kh thng mai ln. Cach lo 113 khong xa la mo Yangchen do Arco phat hien vi tr lng khoang 3 Tcf (86 ty m3) trong cat ket Oligocen, mo nay ang c khai thac. Nam ngay canh lo 109 la mo Dong Fang do CNOOC phat hien, tang cha la cat ket Pliocen o sau 1.500-2.000 m, tr lng thap - trung bnh. khoang 2,5 Tcf (70,8 ty m3), ham lng CO2
6. He thong dau kh 6.1. a sinh Trong pham vi be Song Hong a xac minh c hai tang sinh quan trong la a me Oligocen va Miocen di. Thanh phan kerogen cua cac tang a me nay thng khong giong nhau cac i cau truc khac nhau trong be. Con a me Eocen mi ch c chng minh trong he tang Chang-liu tai be tram tch Tay Loi Chau canh be Song Hong. Tang sinh Eocen c phat hien tai be Tay Loi-chau, trong cac tap a set giau vat chat hu c vi tong ham lng cacbon hu co (TOC) khoang 2,67-2, 78%Wt, ham lng va ch so hydrogen ln (S1+S2 khoang 10-30 mg/g; HI khoang 200 - 600 mg HC/g TOC), kerogen thuoc loai I va II. Phan tch tang sinh tai vung Tay - Bac be Song Hong noi chung va MVHN tren at lien noi rieng cho thay tram tch Oligocen thng cha kerogen loai III va t hn la loai II, thng b chon vui sau, nhng a me tai ay rat giau vat chat hu c, vi TOC khoang 6, 9-11% Wt, HI t vai chuc en hang tram mg HC/g TOC va ang trong pha tao kh am ti kh kho vi gia tr Tmax khoang 430 - 480OC (Hnh 7.31, 7.32 va 7.33). Tuy vay, tai ra ong Bac MVHN
211
ra do qua trnh bien oi carbonat bi nhiet (do chon vui sau, b hun nong bi hoat ong magma) hoac t vo manti (manlte) i len mat cac kh N2, O2 va H2S. Bang 7.1 ch ra theo cac t gay sau. Ngoai CO2 con co
nhng hp phan chnh cua cac phat hien kh cac gieng khoan pha Nam be Song Hong.
Bang 7.1. Mot so ac iem thanh phan kh cac gieng khoan Nam be Song Hong Thanh phan C1-C6 (%) CO2 (%) N2 (%) O2 (%) H2S (ppm) 115A-1X 6 90 4 250 117118119118STB- CVXCHBT-1X 1X 1X 1X 15 85 1500 21.15 75.03 3.82 450 88.77 2.69 8.54 88.76 3.53 7.5 0.21 2001700
Pha b ong be Song Hong, trong nhng nam 1990-1996, Trung Quoc a ay manh cong tac TKTD va a phat hien ra cac

1200
hydrogen thap (HI di 200 mg C/g TOC) ngoai tr phan ao noi Bach Long V vi gia tr cao (HI ln hn 300 mg C/g TOC).
0.55%Ro
1000
Ch s Hydrogen (mgHC/g.TOC)
Type II
800
Type I
Cac tang sinh Miocen thuoc khu vc ngoai khi be Song Hong ang trong ngng trng thanh en trng thanh sm va co kha nang cho san pham. Tai khu vc mien Trung t lo 111 en
600
400
200
Type III
1.3%Ro
lo 114 cha co nhieu cong trnh nghien cu a hoa, nhng cac ket qua phan tch mau cua gieng khoan 114-KT-1X cho thay trong
500
0 400 420 440 460 480
Nhit Tmax (oC)

GK-PV-DQD-1X (Mn khoan 1630-3450m) PV-XT-1X (Mn khoan 700-1845m) GK-63 (Li khoan 1151-2390m)
cac a hao ay co tang a me Miocen di co chat lng rat tot, nhng mi chm trng thanh, con mat cat Oligocen rat day nhng a bc qua pha tao kh kho. pha Nam be Song Hong, nhieu dau vet dau a c tm thay trong cac mau loi va mau sn lay t a voi Miocen cac gieng khoan 118-CVX-1X va 119-CH-1X. Cac tang a me quan trong nhat co the la cac tang set am ho Eocen-Oligocen va set bien Miocen di thuoc cac a hao Quang Ngai va a hao Ly Sn. Mac du vay, do cha co mot gieng khoan nao trong khu vc tm c cac tang a me thc s nen can quan tam nhieu trong thi gian ti (ch duy nhat gieng khoan 118-BT-1X khoan trong a hao Quang Ngai, tuy nhien gieng a dng o sau 3800m, trong Miocen smgia?). Cac a set t Miocen gia en tre hn hau nh cha co kha nang sinh. Cac tap set Oligocen, vi chieu day 25-30m gap tai gieng khoan 118-CVX-1X rat giau vat chat hu c vi TOC t 2-6% Wt, S2 t 20-30 kg/tan va HI khoang 440 kg HC/tan TOC, thuoc loai a me sinh dau. Tuy nhien rat co the a me Oligocen a bc vao giai oan trng thanh muon va ch con sinh kh. Phan tch thanh phan kh
212
Hnh 7.31. o th bieu dien quan he HI - Tmax Vung ong Nam dai Khoai chan-Tien Hai MVHN
khi khao sat vung ong Ho va phan sau cua ao Bach Long V a phat hien cac a me la set va set than trong cac tap Oligocen co kerogen ca loai I va II co kha nang sinh ca dau va kh. Cac a me nay cung rat giau vat chat hu c (TOC = 7-18% Wt), S2 khoang 21 - 41mg/g va co ch so hydrogen cao (HI = 200 - 600 mg HC/g TOC), nhng o phan xa vitrinit trung bnh Ro = 0, 45 (Tmax = 428-439 C), ang bc vao giai
O
oan trng thanh (Hnh 7.34). Tang sinh Miocen di tai MVHN va vnh Bac Bo chu yeu la cac tap set, setthan sinh thanh trong cac pha ngap lut chnh cua cac tram tch chau tho. Phan ln cac ket qua phan tch cho thay a me co kerogen loai III la chnh, ch mot so mau Bach Long V co bieu hien loai II. Ket qua phan tch mau thu thap trong cac gieng khoan tai cac lo 102, 103, 104, 112, 114 cho thay gia tr tong carbon hu c t trung bnh en rat giau (TOC = 0,45-18%), song ch so
IX
PV-PC-1X GK104 GK116
VIII VII
I II
GK81 GK20 GK100 GK112
B10-STB-1X B10-STB-2X
D14-STL-5X D23-2X D23-1X D14-STL-3X
GK11 GK105
D14-STL-2X
GK101
GK103 GK204 GK77 GK200 GK83 GK69 GK67
III
IV VI
GK82 GK60 GK102 GK110
XI
Chu giai
Trng thanh Ca so tao dau Kh am - Condensate
GK41 GK84
5Km
Hnh 7.32. S o trng thanh tai noc Oligocen/ay Miocen di, MVHN va ke can (theo PIDC, 2002)
GPGT 93-201
103TH-1X 103TG-1X
SP3500
SP3000
SP2500
SP2000
SP1500
SP1000
SP500
2Km
4Km
6Km
8Km
10Km
Hnh 7.33. Mo hnh trng thanh tuyen GPGT 93-201 qua lo 103-106 (theo N.T.Ha, nam 2004.)
213
am va condensat cach ay 10-5 trieu nam va tao kh kho t khoang 7 trieu nam nay. Do vay, khi anh gia la chon mot cau tao trien vong can lu y nhng iem sau ay: thi iem hien tai, tram tch ang trong pha tao kh kho la chu yeu, dien tch co a me trong ca so sinh dau rat han hep. Cac cau tao hnh thanh trc hoac ong tram tch Miocen sm - gia co the tch tu mot lng ln dau kh. Nhng neu b bao mon cat cut manh sau o hoac thieu tram tch cua lp phu chan th cau tao o rat kho lu gi
Hnh 7.34. Quan he ch so HI va Tmax trong tram tch cha than va a phien dau ong Ho va Bach Long V (theo Petersen H.I. va nnk, 2000)
dau, ma ch co the la mot tch tu kh va condensat. Cac cau tao phat trien muon trong Miocen- Pliocen ch co the on nhan va tch tu kh, trng hp thuan li nhat la kh condensat. Cac cau tao hnh thanh trc va ong tram tch Oligocen co the on nhan va tch tu dau, nhng v tr cua no phai thuan li: nam canh cac graben khong sau lam, on nh trong qua trnh phat trien be, khong hoac t b bao mon, t pha huy cua kien tao sau o. 6.2. a Cha Cac a cha cua MVHN kha a dang trong o co cat ket Oligocen, Miocen va carbonat Miocen. Cac a co tiem nang cha trong mong Trc-Kainozoi bao gom a carbonat Paleozoi va Mesozoi, a gneis. Trong so nay, a cha carbonat Paleozoi nt ne va hang hoc a c phat hien trong nhieu gieng khoan thuoc ra ong-Bac nh cac gieng khoan 8b, gieng khoan 81... va ac biet la gieng khoan B10-STB-1X co dau trong khoang o sau 1.225 - 1.237m
214
thu c trong cac gieng 118-CVX-1X va 119-CH-1X cho thay chung co nguon goc t cac a me trc o a tng sinh dau. a me Miocen di ngheo vat chat hu c hn, TOC dao ong t 0.5-1% Wt. Cac i sinh cac a hao Quang Ngai va Ly Sn hien nay eu nam trong ngng sinh kh (Hnh 7.35, 7.36, 7.37). Nhn chung do tram tch be Song Hong b chon vui rat sau, a nhiet cao (khoang 3.7-4.5OC/100m) nen hien tai a me Eocen-Oligocen la cac tang a me chnh noi chung a trai qua tat ca cac pha tao san pham t dau en kh am, condensat va kh kho. Trong o pha tao dau chnh a xay ra cach ay khoang 30-18 trieu nam, tao kh am va condensat cach ay 20-8 trieu nam va tao kh kho cach ay 10-5 trieu nam. Trong khi o, tram tch Miocen ma chu yeu la Miocen di neu b chon vui sau a trng thanh, thng co pha tao dau chnh cach ay khoang 15-8 trieu nam, tao kh

113-HO-1X 112-AV-1X 112-BT-1X
0 Km
2 Km
4 Km
Thang ng gap 4 lan ngang

6 Km
10 Km
Mo hnh o trng thanh s kien 5 (10 trieu nam ve trc)
Hnh 7.35. Mo hnh trng thanh tai lo 112 (PIDC, 2002)
Hnh 7.36. Mo hnh chon vui a me Miocen, tai GK-118-BT-1X, a hao Quang Ngai (theo BP, 1995)
vi o rong khoang 5-10% (Hnh 7.38). S phan bo cua tang cha nay kha phc tap vi o day khong on nh trong cac mat cat a tang Paleozoi ra ong-Bac MVHN. Tren ra Tay - Nam, thanh phan la cac a
215
gneis Proterozoi a lo tren be mat mot so ni nhng khong co bieu hien dau kh. Nhn chung cac a cha trong mong TrcKainozoi cua MVHN co nhieu rui ro ve o rong va phan bo khong on nh. o rong th
Hnh 7.37. Mo hnh chon vui a me, tai khu vc Bac a hao Ly Sn, lo 118 (theo BP, 1995)
sinh cua chung phu thuoc vao cac i bien oi va pha huy a goc. Nhn chung, oi vi tang cha la a mong ch co the hy vong vao a voi Carbon-Permi va Devon giatren vi o rong trung bnh 5-7%. Cac a mong tram tch khac phan ln a b phong hoa bien chat, co o rong, o tham kem. Tai MVHN, a cat ket thng phan lpkhoi day, b cac t gay chia cat va uon nep, co tiem nang cha vao loai trung bnh en kem va a c mot so gieng khoan phat hien co cac san pham kh va condensat. Phan ln cac thanh tao nay c gan ket chac vi qua trnh bien sinh (metagen), o rong cua cat ket thng thap khoang 4-12% di mc trung bnh kha nh gieng khoan D14-STL-1X (hnh 7.39). Nhn chung tiem nang cha cua cat ket Oligocen co hai mc khac nhau. Phan di, co nhieu rui ro do o
216
rong nho va phan bo khong on nh. Phan tren thng gan giong nh cat ket Miocen sm, tot hn nhieu nhng s phan bo cua o rong cung khong on nh. Khi xi mang calcit b ra rua, o rong co the tot, at ti 15%, o tham 94,5md (Hnh 7.40), nhng neu xi mang gan chac th o rong lai rat kem. Cat ket va cat-bot ket Miocen co o rong thng t 15 en 25% tang dan ve pha cac he tang nam tren. Cat ket Miocen sm (he tang Phong Chau) mot so ni b xi mang calcit hoa manh, o rong nho, song nhn chung o rong va o tham tot hn han cat ket Oligocen va co the at ti 20% va tham kha 139 mD (GK.100/1696m, hnh 7.41). Nh vay tiem nang cha cua cat ket Miocen tot, phan bo rong va on nh gan nh trong toan i trung tam MVHN.
Hnh 7.38. a voi cha dau tai gieng B10-STB-1X (o sau 1235 m), dolomit toan tinh (sparit), cac lo hong (mau en). Nicol+, X120.
Hau het cac gieng khoan vung Tay Bac vnh Bac Bo (gieng khoan 102-CQ1X, 102-HD-1X) va cac gieng tren at lien MVHN eu cho thay rang mac du cat ket co phan bo khap ni trong mat cat nhng eu co o rong thap. Nhn chung cac tang cat ket Oligocen - Miocen eu co rui ro ve o rong, do cac nguyen nhan chnh sau: Cac tang cha chnh co tuoi Oligocen - Miocen trc ay eu nam rat sau (do o sau cua mong thng t 6-8 km, Trung tam be vt qua 14km), nen a b nen ket rat chat lam giam o rong. Nhiet o cao, tang anh hng cua qua trnh bien oi th sinh lam giam o rong, ngoai ra qua trnh calcit va siderit hoa cung lam giam o rong. Che o tram ong tram tch phc tap nen trong cat ket thanh phan bot va set cao, cat khong sach co o tham thap. Tai phan Trung tam cua be Song Hong, cac tang Oligocen en Miocen gia trc mat khong phai la oi tng tm kiem do
217
chung nam rat sau (hn 4.500 m). Rieng tram tch Miocen muon-Pliocen Trung Trung Tam vi o sau khoang 2.000 en 3.000m co o rong tot (at tren 20%) va o tham tot nh a gap mo ong Fang (Trung Quoc). Ve pha Nam be Song Hong, cac tap a cha chnh c xac nh la cac a cat ket Oligocen - Miocen di va a cha carbonat tuoi Miocen. Cac a cha cat ket Oligocen - Miocen thng chu anh hng cua qua trnh bien oi th sinh nen o rong co the b giam i. Cac tap cat nay gieng 118-CVX-1X co o rong trung bnh la 10%, chieu day hieu dung/chieu day chung (N/G) khoang 50%, ty le set t 10 - 12%. Tai mo kh Yacheng (Trung Quoc) a phat hien kh thng mai t chnh nhng oi tng nay vi o rong t 8 - 15%, o bao hoa nc 2040%, o tham t vai chuc en vai tram mD. Trong a hao Quang Ngai, cac quat cat la oi tng tm kiem chnh, vi o rong tot hn t 15 - 20%. a cha carbonat Miocen
Hnh 7.39. Cat ket nam di mat bat chnh hp Oligocen (IOU) tai GK D14-STL-1X (mau tai 3953,8 m) vi ximang carbonat (mau nau ban), co o rong nguyen sinh nho (mau xanh). Nicol+, X120 (theo Anzoil, 1998)
Hnh 7.40 Cat ket Oligocen hat trung bnh tai gk 100 (mau tai 2181,5 m), co o rong nguyen sinh 15% (mau xanh), o tham 94,5 md. Nicol+, X120
di-gia he tang Song Hng, Tri Ton la oi tng cha quan trong nhat tai khu vc nay. Cac a cha nay la a voi them, b nt ne va khoi xay am tieu sinh vat, chung phat trien rong rai tren a luy Tri Ton. Cac am tieu sinh vat co tnh chat cha rat tot, o rong thng at t 25-30%, tham ch len en 35- 40% nh tai gieng khoan 118218
CVX-1X, o tham t hang tram en hang nghn (1000) mD (Hnh 7.42). Ngoai cac a cha ke tren, cac a tram tch nui la co o rong cao cung co the cha c san pham khu vc cac lo 120, 121. pha Nam, oi tng mong nt ne du cha co gieng khoan nao kiem chng nhng van co the la cac oi tng cha tot
Hnh 7.41. Cat ket hat tho Miocen tai gk 100 (mau tai o sau 1696 m), o rong gia hat 17% (mau xanh), o tham 94,5 md. Nicol+, X120
nh cac vung khac. 6.3. a chan Tren hnh 7.26 cho thay v tr cac tang chan trong mat cat khu vc. Cac tang chan quan trong nhat eu co mat trong mat cat Oligocen va Miocen. Tai MVHN va vung lan can, cac tap set ket, set-bot ket thuoc phan tren cua mat cat Oligocen tao thanh mot tang chan on nh cho cac bay nam di. Tap chan thc chat la mot tap set bien tien (trangressive), hoac vai ni trung vi mat ngap lut cc ai (maximum flooding surface), co lch s phat trien tng t nh hau het cac be tram tch ong Nam A. Cac tap set Oligocen nay tai MVHN la cac tap chan tot do b nen chat va ham lng set cao 70- 80 % set, day t 15-30 m tham ch co ni day 50 m. Con cac tap set ket, set-bot ket, set-than va than-set trong Miocen phan bo rong va kha on nh trong MVHN vi chat lng chan tot vi ham lng set 60-70%, chieu day khoang t 10-15m en 20-25m. Tuy nhien,
219
nhieu ni, cac man chan trong tram tch Oligocen va Miocen b pha v do he thong t gay phc tap hoat ong trong Oligocen va Miocen vi nhieu pha nang - ha, trt bang (strike-slip) va xoay xeo (tilted). Ngoai khi vnh Bac Bo, cac tap set chan eu co chat lng t tot en rat tot va co mat hau khap trong mat cat, nhng nhn chung phan bo khong eu, bien oi t Bac xuong Nam va t Tay sang ong do cau truc a chat them luc a va moi trng tram ong bien oi t b ra trung sau. Chieu day a chan Oligocen va Miocen dao ong trong khoang 10 - 150m vi ham lng set giao ong t 65-90%. Mot tang chan co the mang tnh khu vc rong nhat co tuoi Miocen gia, c ac trng bi set mau xam, xam en, tng oi ong nhat, day khoang 80m en 150m (gieng khoan 112-BT-1XR) vi ham lng set t 71-86% (gieng khoan VGP- 112-BT1X). Cac khoang vat chu yeu la ilit (55%), kaolinit (28%), con lai la clorit va cac
Hnh 7.42. a cha carbonat Miocen gieng khoan 118-CVX-1X (mau so 4, o sau 1585,9m). a voi (packstone) cha Amphitegina va Lepidocyclina? Cac manh vun sinh vat khac tai tram ong nh Victorielid va Cyclolypeus, mot loai Echinoderm va manh so
khoang vat khac. Cac tang chan a phng Oligocen ac trng bang set, set than co mau nau, nau tham, thanh phan khoang vat gom ilit(48%), kaolinit (25%), clorit (27%), c tram ong trong moi trng ven bien va am lay ven bien. Cac tap set nay va la tang chan va la tang sinh. Tren at lien, tap set nay cung c bat gap cac gieng khoan tren cau tao D14 va B10 cua Anzoil. Cac tang chan a phng tuoi Miocen phan bo xen ke vi cac tap cha. pha Bac vnh Bac Bo, cac tap nay la set, set than. Cang ve pha Nam be Song Hong thanh phan than cang t dan, nhn chung cac tang chan a phng eu co chat lng set tot, nhng thng co chieu day nho va thay oi nhanh theo dien do ac trng cau truc cua them luc a. vnh Bac Bo, hau het cac gieng khoan eu gap cac tang chan a phng. trung sau cua vnh Bac Bo, tap set di cua Pliocen la tang chan co chat lng cao co the chan gi cac tch tu kh.
220
Tong chieu day cua tap set Pliocen co khi at vai tram met. Ve pha Nam cua be Song Hong cac tap set day Miocen tren va Pliocen di gi vai tro tang chan khu vc do cac tang nay eu nam di sn doc them luc a, o hat rat mn, chieu day ti hang nghn met, b chon vui sau a gan ket (compaction) nen co kha nang chan tot. 6.4. Thi gian, di c va tao bay Ve thi gian sinh thanh hydrocarbon, mot phan a c neu muc 6 a me. Tong hp t cac phan tch mau, mo hnh lch s chon vui (buried history), mo hnh be (basin modeling) va cac nghien cu a hoa khac cua cac nha thau dau kh cho mot nhan xet chung la be Song Hong do tram tch b chon vui sau, nhiet o cao, nen hien tai hau nh cac tang a me co tuoi EocenOligocen a trai qua tat ca cac pha tao san pham t dau en kh am va condensat. Tuy thuoc o sau chon vui, ca so tao kh kho
hien tai trong khoang 3.700 - 5.000 m, ca so tao dau bien oi trong khoang 2.2004.000m. Ngay sau khi dau kh c sinh thanh, chung co the di c. Qua trnh dch chuyen ban au cua ca dau va kh t a me en bay cha eu theo phng thang ng theo t gay, sau o chuyen sang dch chuyen theo phng ngang la chnh. Nhng viec tch tu dau kh lai phu thuoc nhieu vao tuoi hnh thanh cau tao. Tuoi hnh thanh cac cau tao be Song Hong cung rat a dang. Cac cau tao c hnh thanh trc Miocen nh cac mong a hnh vui lap, cac vom khoi xoay t gay trong Oligocen, cau tao nghch ao Oligocen-Miocen sm; loai nay neu khong b pha huy sau o th thng thuan li cho viec tch tu dau kh v c hnh thanh trc hoac ong thi vi pha di dch chnh t a me Eocen-Oligocen. Cac vom co tuoi Oligocen MVHN, phu bon trung Hue, a hao Anh Vu, a hao Ly Sn hoac cac a hao khac thng co nhc iem la co kem theo he thong t gay xoay xeo (tilted) hoac t gay hnh hoa. Nhng t gay nay rat co the a pha v i mot phan cac tch tu dau kh trc o hoac lam that thoat mot phan lng dau kh di c ong thi vi tuoi hnh thanh t gay. Cac a hnh vui lap co nt ne nam ben cac a hao khong sau th ngc lai rat thuan li cho viec tch tu dau. Cac cau tao hnh thanh trong thi ky Miocen gia - muon nh cac cau tao tren i nghch ao Miocen, do b nen ep manh, b nang len qua mc nen loai nay thng b bao mon cat xen manh thng la vai tram met en hang nghn met, cang ve pha Tay va Tay - Nam MVHN mc o bao mon cang manh hn. Thi gian bao mon nay co
221
the keo dai t mot en vai trieu nam. ay la nhng yeu to khong thuan li cho nhng tch tu on nhan dau kh t pha di c chnh. S hnh thanh cac cau tao vom do nghch ao cuoi Miocen la thi gian muon so vi pha di chuyen chnh cua dau kh ra khoi a me Oligocen. Hn na, nghch ao kien tao cuoi Miocen con tao nen cac t gay hnh hoa, ma co the mc o nao o, a pha huy i mot lng dau kh a tch tu trc o. Nhng nhn chung, pha di chuyen dau kh muon la yeu to thi gian thuan li oi vi cac bay vom Miocen. Cac san pham c di chuyen trong pha muon co the bat nguon t cac tch tu co trc b pha huy hay pha di c muon t a me Oligocen hay t cac a me Miocen mi c trng thanh. Tai trung tam Be Song Hong, cac cau tao trong Oligocen en Miocen gia thng nam qua sau khong phai oi tng TKTD hien nay ma oi tng chu yeu c hnh thanh muon hn, co mat trong tram tch Miocen tren va Pliocen nh cac cau tao vom kem hoat ong uon nep cua set deo (diapire), cac quat (fan) cat, cac turbidit. Tai ay s trng thanh va di chuyen dau kh khoi tang a me co the xay ra trong cac pha khac nhau. Tuy nhien, cac tram tch Oligocen - Miocen sm do o sau chon vui qua ln, nen hien tai vat chat hu c a qua trng thanh (sinh kh kho la chu yeu), trong khi tram tch Miocen gia co a me chat lng kem, sinh kh la chu yeu. Do vay, cac bay tai ay ch hy vong on nhan cac tch tu kh (nh cac mo Dong Fang, Le Dong). pha Nam be Song Hong, mo hnh chon vui tai cac a hao Quang Ngai va Ly Sn cung cho thay pha di c sm cua dau
dien ra trong thi gian khoang 22 - 10 trieu nam trc ay (au Miocen sm en cuoi Miocen gia). Thi iem nay, cac tang chan Miocen gia va tre hn cho cac bay cha carbonat tren i nang Tri Ton cha hnh thanh do o dau kh a khong c tch tu vao cac bay nay. Ch en pha trng thanh va di c cua kh, cac bay cha carbonat mi c nap hydrocarbon. Vi cac bay cha co tang cha la a vun Oligocen - Miocen, neu co cac tang chan hoan chnh th van co the on c hydrocarbon trong cac pha di c sm, tuy vay cha co gieng khoan nao chng minh c nhan nh nay. Cac than cat bay a tang trong cac a hao Quang Ngai va Ly Sn eu kha thuan li cho tch tu dau kh. 6.5. Play, kieu bay va phan bo Cac play va kieu bay a c trnh bay mot phan cac muc 3, muc 5 va muc 7 neu tren. Tai be Song Hong ch mi phat hien dau kh cha trong ba oi tng cha chnh la cat ket, a voi am tieu-san ho va mong nt ne. Tuy nhien, cac oi tng cha nay nam trong cac loai bay cha khac nhau, vi ac iem kien tao, moi trng thanh tao, tuoi khac nhau va phan bo khac nhau. Tren c s tong hp cac ket qua nghien cu t trc en nay, di ay se ch ra cac play vi cac vung oi tng chnh (hnh 7.43) be Song Hong. Cac bay a hnh vui lap (Play 1-Mong phong hoa nt ne) Nam trong cac a hao Paleogen, thng la khoi mong chon vui, phat trien t at lien ra bien, pho bien nhat la cac khoi mong a voi Carbon-Permi lo 106 hoac Devon gia - muon lo 112. Cac khoi mong
222
nay la nhng oi tng hap dan do hai ben canh la cac a hao ni hy vong co tiem nang sinh tot. oi tng nay a c kiem chng bang cac gieng khoan phat hien dau tai cum mo Weizou cua Trung Quoc, B10STB tai MVHN va dau hieu dau tai cau tao Bach Tr lo 112. Can nhan manh rang nam phu tren mong con co cac khep kn bon chieu Oligocen hoac Miocen. Vung khoi xoay t gay Oligocen (Play 2-Oligocen) Cac cau tao loai nay thng lien quan en cac khoi xoay t gay (tilted fault block) hoat ong gan cuoi Oligocen. Pho bien nhat la tai trung ong Quan MVHN, lo 114 - 116 va a hao Ly Sn pha ong lo 117 - 118. Loai oi tng a c chng minh bang cac phat hien kh D14-STL1X va mo Yangchen (TQ). Tai a hao Ly Sn co nhieu cau tao rat trien vong, nhng v mc nc bien sau (400 - 800 m) nen hien cha co gieng kiem tra, trong tng lai ay se la oi tng c u tien. Cac cau tao vom Oligocen-Miocen ke tha cac khoi nho mong (Play 2+3) Loai nay kha pho bien va co the gap bat c au neu co khoi mong nho cao. Tai phu be Hue- a Nang trong pham vi cac lo 112, 114 va Tay - Nam lo 111, oi tng cha nay co the bao gom mong nt ne, cat ket Oligocen va Miocen. Nhieu cau tao co kch thc tng oi ln nh cac vom khep kn tren mong cua cau tao Bach Tr, Hai yen, ai Bang (hnh 7.21). Vung cac cau tao nghch ao Oligocen va Miocen (Play 2+3) Cac cau tao nghch ao co mat hai v tr trong lat cat: cuoi Oligocen (co ni tiep
8083
6
Ha Noi
Hai Phong
10 2
3 1 1
1 06 1 07 1 08
11
10 3
Vinh
5 3
H ai N am
3 4
5 104
1 05
3 7
1 09 1 1 0 111 1 1 1
CHU GIAI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Vung cau tao nghch ao Oli-Miocen Vung cau tao diapir Mio-Pliocen Vung quat nga gam (submarine fan) va turbidit Mong chon vui carbonat hoac loai khac Bay a tang ke ap (onlaping, pinchout) Vom khoi xoay t gay (titled fault block) Vom khep kn bien o nho Oli-Miocen Vom khoi xay, am tieu san ho
1
3
Hue
2 112
2
113 1 13
2
QUA N A O HOA N
1 12
7 114 1 1 4
116
Da Nang
5
118
5
7
115 117
8
119
120 121
150
300
Qui Nhon
122
km
Hnh 7.43. Cac i trien vong dau kh be Song Hong (Huyen N.M 1998, hieu chnh va bo sung 2004) (1) Vung cau tao nghch ao Oligocen-Miocen, (2) Vung cac cau tao diapir Miocen-Pliocen, (3) Vung quat ngam (submarine Fan)& turbidit, (4) Mong chon vui carbonat hoac loai khac, (5) Bay a tang ke ap (onlaping, pinchout), (6) Vom khoi xoay t gay (tilted fault block), (7) Vom khep kn bien o nho Oligocen-Miocen, (8) Vom khoi xay, am tieu-san ho
dien au Miocen sm) va trong Miocen gia - muon. ay la loai oi tng rat pho bien be Song Hong va a co cac phat hien dau kh kha quan trong nh a noi tren. Cac oi tng nghch ao Miocen co mat dai nang Khoai Chau-Tien Hai-Kien Xng trong at lien, nam kep gia hai t gay Song Chay va Vnh Ninh ti cac lo 102,103 (hnh 7.44, 7.45). Cac cau tao nghch ao thng nam tren va ke ap vao cac t gay
223
nghch, oi tng cha la cat ket Miocen. Cac cau tao c hnh thanh muon vao cuoi Miocen gia, hoan thien vao cuoi Miocen. Mot phan tram tch Miocen muon thng b bao mon cat xen tham ch co cau tao con b bao mon mat ca mot phan tram tch Miocen gia. a co 2 phat hien kh trong loai oi tng nay la TH-C va cau tao H (lo 103) nh a noi muc 5. Cac oi tng nghch ao cuoi Oligocen-
au Miocen sm nh i nghch ao Bach Long V (lo 107, hnh 7.14), cau tao Voi trong a hao Anh Vu (lo 111, hnh 7.18) va cac cau tao trong a hao Kim Tc (lo 114, hnh 7.19). Cac cau tao nay thng nam trong cac a hao nho hep, b xoay va oi hng trong qua trnh dch chuyen ngang cuoi Oligocen. Cac bay a tang (onlaping, pinch-out) Oligocen - Miocen (Play 2+3) Co nhieu cau tao loai nay nam ke ap len them Thanh - Nghe t lo 103 en lo 111. Cac than cat nam ke ap len mat mong hoac bat chnh hp noc Oligocen chay doc theo ben canh sut cua t gay Song Chay trong pham vi lo 103,104 va 105. Tai lo 104, lo 111 a phat hien thay mot so cau tao dang nay kha hap dan (hnh 7.16). Tai cac a hao trong lo 106, 107 hay a hao Quang Ngai cung co the tm thay cac loai bay tng t. Hien tai, mc o tai lieu con han che va cha co gieng khoan nao kiem nh kha nang cha san pham cua loai oi tng von co nhieu rui ro nay. Vung cac cau tao lien quan en hoat ong diapir (Play 3) Tap trung chu yeu trung Trung Tam, trong pham vi cac lo 109, 110, 111 va 113 (hnh 7.8). Tai ay a phat hien hang loat cac cau tao vom co kch thc ln, nhng bien o nho, t hoat ong t gay. Cac cau tao nay lien quan trc tiep en hoat ong set diapir. oi tng cha la cat ket Miocen muon va Pliocen. Ve mat cau truc, tiem nang cha, tiem nang sinh th i nay c anh gia co trien vong cao. Tren mat cat a chan co nhieu d thng bien o lien quan en kha nang cha kh. Phat hien kh
224
tai cau tao ong Fang cua Trung Quoc va cac cau tao khac a chng minh cho trien vong cua i nay. Cac oi tng song ngoi, quat ngam va turbidit (Play 3) Canh giai diapir trung tam la vung phat trien cac bay a tang dang kenh lach, cac quat ngam (submarine fan) va turbidit. Chung co mat trong lat cat Miocen tren Pliocen di va co mat cac lo 108, 109, 110 (hnh 7.46), ong lo 111, 112, cac lo 113 &115 (hnh 7.7) va a hao Quang Ngai lo 118 (hnh 7.24). Phan ln cac oi tng nay cha co gieng khoan kiem nghiem, nhng chac chan se la nhng oi tng trien vong ma trong tng lai phai c quan tam thch ang. Vung cau tao khoi xay carbonat (Play 4) oi tng nam trong pham vi cac lo t 113 en 121, phat trien tren i nang Tri Ton vao thi ky Miocen sm - gia, bao gom cac cau tao khoi xay carbonat co kch thc cau tao rat ln, chieu day khoang a voi cha kh len en hang tram met, o rong va o tham rat cao. Tai ay a co nhng phat hien kh rat ln nh a c trnh bay muc 5 (hnh 7.22 va 7.23). ang tiec, nhng phat hien nay hien cha the cao. Tuy nhien khi xuong pha Nam cua a luy Tri Ton, thanh phan CO2 giam dan 121-CM-1X tai lo 120-121. Tom lai, t cac play va cac dang bay cha neu tren co the noi rang chung a gan lien vi thi ky tach gian au tien EocenOligocen va cac hoat ong t gay, uon nep cung nh ieu kien tram ong va tch nh ket qua hai gieng khoan 120-CS-1X va em vao khai thac v thanh phan kh CO2
Hnh 7.44. Ban o cac cau tao nghch ao Miocen (Bach Long, Hong Long, Hoang Long) lo 103-107 (theo PIDC, 2004)
Hnh 7.45. Lat cat qua cau tao Hong Long (theo PIDC, 2004)
225
Hnh 7.46. Chanel tren lat cat a chan tuyen BB96-05 (lo 105 qua lo 110) (theo PIDC)
tu tram tch cho en nay. Theo ac iem nguon goc va hnh thai, cung co the chia thanh cac nhom bay chnh: khoi nho mong; cac nep loi; cac khoi xay carbonat; cac bay hon hp va bay a tang thach hoc. Hnh 7.47 la s o phan bo cac cau tao trien vong dau kh ngoai khi be Song Hong. Tuy nhien, do moi vung eu co ac iem khac biet nen dan en quan iem tham do cac oi tng khac nhau, co the tom tat nh sau. Quan iem TKTD vung Tay - Bac be Song Hong (MVHN va lan can) gom ba loai la cac a hnh mong vui lap, cac vom trong Oligocen va vom nghch ao Miocen hnh 7.48. Chi tiet hn, phan bo cac cau tao trien vong theo tai lieu hien nay c trnh bay tren hnh 7.49 cho MVHN va lan can. Quan iem TKTD khu vc mien Trung va trung tam be Song Hong. Do them
226
luc a o doc dan ra trung tam be, che o kien tao bnh on hn va moi trng tram ong bien oi nhanh t them nc nong sang sau, nen mo hnh cac bay e TKTD co khac hn phan pha Bac (Hnh 7.50). oi tng TKTD chu yeu la cac bay vom khep kn Oligocen-Miocen, cac mong carbonat vui lap, vom va bay a tang lien quan en diapir, quat cat va cac bay a tang khac. Quan iem TKTD khu vc pha Nam (Nam lo 115/116 en lo 121). Mo hnh TKTD cac bay dau kh tap trung vao cac cau tao khoi xay cacbonat tren a luy Tri Ton (Hnh 7.51), cac bay a tang ma chu yeu la cac quat cat trong a hao Quang Ngai, cac cau tao hnh hoa hoac khoi xoay t gay trong a hao Ly Sn. Cac cau tao carbonat a c kiem nghiem qua mot so gieng khoan va a phat hien vi khoi lng
cac cau tao S T Bien, Ca Heo, Ca Voi Xanh. Than cat au tien trong a hao Quang Ngai (cau tao Bach Tuoc) cung c kiem nghiem bang gieng khoan, ket qua ch cho dau hieu dau kh. Con cac oi tng trong a hao Ly Sn can c kiem nghiem trong tng lai khi co u ieu kien thuan li. 7. Tiem nang tai nguyen dau kh Nh a neu, Be Song Hong la mot trong so nhng be tram tch e Tam rong ln khong nhng Viet Nam ma ca ong Nam A, ty le phat hien con rat khiem ton, trong khi oi tng tham do va phan bo cua chung rat a dang phong phu. Tnh a dang va phong phu the hien cho: co 4 loai play vi cac kieu bay khac nhau nh va neu tren, moi loai oi tng ch co mot hoac vai tham ch cha co gieng khoan tham do; Tren c s tai lieu hien nay a phat hien ra tren 150 cau tao co trien vong, trong so o mi co 37 cau tao c khoan chiem ty le 19%, Ngoai tr MVHN va vung nc nong ven b vi dien tch khoang 4.000 km2, be Song Hong phan ngoai khi thuoc Viet Nam co dien tch khoang 120.000 km2 c chia thanh 22 lo, trong o hn mot na so lo cha co gieng khoan nao, so con lai mi co mot en hai gieng khoan. Mat o tham do a chan mi ch 0,7 km/km2 va mat o khoan 1gieng/6.100 km2 la rat thap. Mat o tham do thap lam anh hng khong nho en viec anh gia tiem nang va trien vong dau kh. V the cho en nay viec anh gia trien vong va tiem nang dau kh van con nhieu van e cha c giai quyet va co nhng anh gia
227
kh ln, kem thanh phan CO2 cao, nh
khac nhau. Nam 1996, trong chng trnh hp tac vi BP, Petrovietnam a thc hien e an anh gia kh tong the (Vietnam Gas Master Plan) be Song Hong. e an ch tap trung anh gia cho 4 oi tng chu yeu la mong trc e Tam, cat ket vung ven (paralic), cat ket turbidit va khoi xay carbonat. Cac oi tng nay c phan bo theo 6 khu vc: i nang Tri Ton, khu vc lo 111-112-114, khu vc paralic doc theo ng b t lo 102 ti lo 111 va 3 khu vc khac thuoc cac lo 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108. Ket qua anh gia cho thay t 4 oi tng neu tren tiem nang co the thu hoi vao khoang 420 ty m3 (khoang 15 Tcf) kh thien nhien, 250 trieu barel (40 trieu m3) condensat, 150 trieu barel (24 trieu m3) dau va 5 ty m3 kh ong hanh. Sau e an tren, nam 1997 Petrovietnam thc hien anh gia tong the tai nguyen tai nguyen dau kh them luc a Viet Nam (VITRA - Vietnam Total Resource Assessment, e an hp tac gia Petrovietnam va Nauy), trong o co be Song Hong. Theo e an nay, tong tiem nang thu hoi cua be Song Hong, c tnh cho 4 play gom 8 oi tng: mong trc e Tam, cat ket chau tho-song ngoi Oligocen, cat ket chau tho- song ngoi- am ho Oligocen, cat ket chau tho - song ngoi - bien nong Oligocen va Miocen di, bay thach hoc Oligocen - Miocen, vung nghch ao kien tao Miocen, khoi xay carbonat va turbidit, vao khoang 570 - 880 trieu m3 qui dau, trong o a phat hien khoang 250 trieu m3 qui dau. Tren c s ket qua cua e an VITRA, co cap nhat cac so lieu en nam 2004, tr
H a noi
Hai p ho ng
101
Weizhou
D2 2 E N
B2 2
102
106
103
107
108 104
Lingtou
Ha i Na m
109 105 110 111*
Dongfang
Ledong
Yacheng
GH CHU GHI
Vom Oligocen /Miocen Khoi xay Carbonat (tren)va Clastic (di) ao va khoi xay carbonat Diapir D thng bien o Cau tao chon vui/mon g carbonat Ngch ao kien tao Bay a tang (onlap, pinchout) Bay a tang (fan, turbidit) Nui la Nha may loc dau ng ong dan kh ng ong dan dau o sau nc Mo dau Mo kh
0
a nan g H ue
114*
115
116*
20 0 50 0 10 00
1 13* 112*
117
118*
119*
120*
121*
km
50 1 00
122*
Hnh 7.47. Khai quat phan bo cau tao trien vong ngoai khi be Song Hong (theo PIDC, 2004)
228

SW
Pliocene to Recent HUNG YEN TERRACE MIOCENE INVERTED ZONE (Inversion anticlines) Kien Xuong Trend Upper to Middle Miocene Lower Mioccene
Pliocene to Recent
NE
OLIGOCENE TILTED FAULT BLOCKS (Trapdoor structures)
Tien Hai Trend U Miocene Unc. Tien Hai Field
Upper Miocene Wench Anticlines (Offshore)
BURIED HILL TREND 300m (Karsted carbonates)

1000 to 2500m
Upper Miocene
Middle Miocene Blue(MMB)
In t ra
U Olig. Uncon.
Buried Hill
Oli .U
nc.
Middle Mioccene
Middle M
nc iocene U
./ Hor.
B10 Oil
(PermoCarb)
Oligocene to Eocene
Oligocene to Eocene
Hung Yen Fault Thai Binh Fault Phuong Ngai Sag Vinh Ninh Subthrust trapdoor Fault closure d24 D14 Gas Syn - rift Olig. - (Eoc)
Syn rift 100 to 3500m
Dong Quan Sag
Song Lo Fault
Hnh 7.48. Mo hnh cac oi tng TKTD Mien vong Ha Noi va lan can (theo Anzoil, 1996)
Hnh 7.49. Phan bo cac cau tao trien vong MVHN va lan can (theo PIDC, 2004)
229
SW
CENTRAL AREA 200 km

114-KT-1X (KI M TUOC)
NE
LE DONG 30 - 1 - 1 YACHENG GAS FI ELD
KM
0 2 4 6 8 10
17
BLOCK 111, 112, 114 AND 116
BLOCK 113
CHI NESE
ACREAGE
KM
0 2
MZ PZ ?
PG
QUATERNARY
LACUSTRI NE SR M M ZZ
I NNER BASEM ENT TREND
PLI OCENE
CLAY DI API R M ARI NE SR MIU
4 1 6 8 10
PZ ?
PG SUBM ARI NE FAN
MI M + MIL
PG M Z, PZ: POSSI BLE M ESOZOI C PALEOZOI C CLASTI CS AND CARBONATES

106 111 - SCEPTRE 112 - SEPV
112-BT-1X
OUTER BASEMENT TREND

YACHENG GAS FI ELD
M I OCENE (M I ) ALLUVI AL FANS PALEOGENE (PG)

NOTE: PROFI LE I S SCHEM ATI C, DEPTH RELATI ONSHI PS ARE, HOW EVER, APPROXI M ATELY CORRECT.
108 113
110
CH
115 - I PL
114-KT -1X
IN A
114 - SEPV
VI ET NAM
0
HUE
116 - SEPV
117 - BP
16 106
KM
100
DA NANG 118 - BP 108
Hnh 7.50. Mo hnh cac oi tng TKTD t them a Nang ra trung Trung tam Be Song Hong (theo Shell, 1992 co sa cha va bo sung)
R S
R R R S S S
cha carbonat
cha ht vn
Hnh 7.51. Mo hnh oi tng TKTD vung pha Nam Be Song Hong (theo BP, 1995)
lng va tiem nang dau kh be Song Hong co the at khoang 1.100 trieu m3 qui dau, chu yeu la kh. en nay, tai be Song Hong mi ch co 9 phat hien kh va dau vi tong tr lng va tiem nang khoang 255 trieu m3 qui dau, trong o a khai thac 0,55 ty m3 kh. Cac phat hien co tr lng ln eu nam tai khu vc vnh Bac Bo va pha Nam be Song
230
Hong, nh vay, tiem nang kh ngoai bien ln hn han trong at lien. Tuy nhien, cac phat hien kh ay co ham lng CO2 cao nen hien tai cha the khai thac thng mai c. Tiem nang cha phat hien d bao vao khoang 845 trieu m3 qui dau, chu yeu la kh va tap trung ngoai bien. Tr lng va tiem nang dau kh be Song Hong theo mc o tham do va theo play c minh
trong cong cuoc tm kiem dau kh mien

Be Song Hong
Bac Viet Nam, phat hien kh TH-C tuy nho nhng la moc khi au cua Nganh Dau kh
a khai tha c ang khai tha c
0% 1%
22% 0%
Viet Nam va a gop phan phat trien kinh te a phng tren hai chuc nam qua. Phat hien kh D14 tuy cha a vao khai thac va dau B10 tuy nho be, nhng ca hai a khang nh cho mot quan iem tham do ung an, m ra hng tham do mi hien nay khong nhng MVHN ma cho ca nhng lo khac. Ve pha Nam be, nhng phat hien kh vi kch c ln a khang nh a cha carbonat tren i nang Tri Ton co chat lng cao. Nhng ket qua bc au nay cung vi cac ket qua tham do phan lanh hai Trung Quoc chng to tiem nang kh ln cua be Song Hong. La mot be tram tch e tam c hnh thanh t mot a hao dang keo toac, co lch su phat trien a chat phc tap t Paleogen en nay a tao nen a dang cac oi tng cha dau kh vi nhieu kieu bay. Cong tac TKTD va qua a khang nh oi tng cha la cat ket Oligocen, Miocen va mong carbonat nt ne hang hoc co tuoi Carbon - Permi va Devon gia - muon. Tuy nhien cho en nay van con mot so van e cha sang to can tiep tuc c nghien cu e lam c s nh hng cho tham do: Be Song Hong ton tai rat nhieu kieu bay, ac biet la cac bay phi cau tao kha pho bien. Tuy nhien viec nghien cu tng a co a ly, moi trng tram tch, a chan a tang con rat han che nen viec xac nh cac dang bay nay phuc vu cho tham do thc s van cha c trien khai. Mac du a 40 nam nghien cu MVHN nhng viec nghien cu xay dng mo
231
ang a nh gia Kho ng thng ma i Cha a nh gia Cha pha t hie n
77%
Hnh 7.52. Phan bo tr lng va tiem nang dau kh theo mc o tham do (so lieu theo VITRA)
hoa tren hnh 7.52, 7.53. So cau tao trien vong be Song Hong nay a c phat hien them nhieu tren c s tai lieu mi c bo sung. Trong so tren 150 cau tao a phat hien theo tai lieu hien nay, ngoai tr tai MVHN cac cau tao co dien tch khep kn nho ch t vai en hang chuc km , cac cau tao ngoai bien thng
2
co dien tch ln t vai chuc en hang tram km , neu co phat hien se cho tr lng ln.
2
8. Ket luan Be Song Hong la be tram tch e Tam ln nhat them luc a Viet Nam c tham do vi mc o khac nhau. Phan Tay Bac cua be (MVHN), cong tac tham do c trien khai tren 40 nam, con dien tch them luc a mi ch thc s c trien khai cong tac tham do t nam 1987 ti nay. Noi chung mc o tham do be Song Hong con rat thap (tr vung dai nang Khoai Chau - Tien Hai, Kien Xng thuoc MVHN la c tham do mc chi tiet). Mac du ket qua cong tac tham do Be Song Hong con rat han che, ch phat hien c cac mo kh nho phan Tay Bac (lo 103) va at lien (MVHN). Nhng nhng phat hien nay anh dau nhng moc lch s vo cung quan trong

Be Song Hong
hn trc nhng nam 1990. Tuy nhien qua mot so gieng khoan mi khoan gan ay van cho thay hien tng khoan co bieu hien kh tot (D24-1X, PV-HL-1X)
Cha phat hien a phat hien
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Play 1 Play 2 Play 3 Play 4
Tr. tan quy dau
nhng khi th va lai khong nhan c dong. Phai chang do cong nghe m va, th va oi tng nay van cha c phu hp? o la mot cau hoi ton tai dai qua nhieu thap ky, cha co c li giai ap thoa ang. Hien tai cong tac v va thuy lc a c thc hien co hieu qua mo D14. Tuy nhien viec khoan bang dung dch goc dau hay khoan dung dch di ap suat can bang van cha c ap dung. Bi vay, trong thi gian ti can nghien cu neu co ieu kien ap dung e tm li giai ap cho cau hoi neu tren va neu thanh cong se gop phan nang cao hieu qua tham do. oi vi nhng mo a phat hien kh ln tang cng nghien cu cac giai phap cong nghe e khai thac trong tng lai gan, ac biet can khuyen khch cac nha au t nc ngoai nghien cu va phat trien cong nghe o. e nang cao hieu qua tham do dau kh be Song Hong mot mat phai ay manh cong tac nghien cu a chan, e lam ro ac iem cau truc cung nh he thong dau kh cua be va s phan bo cac oi tng trien vong trong cac play. Mat khac phai ong thi xem xet lai quan iem tham do tren c s phan tch cac yeu to rui ro va ket qua thc te tham do trong thi gian qua. Ve quan iem tham do, trong thi gian qua hoat ong tham do chu yeu tap trung vao cac bay cau tao trong Miocen
232
Hnh 7.53. Phan bo tr lng va tiem nang dau kh theo play (so lieu theo VITRA)
hnh a hoa be Song Hong van con nhieu han che, qua tai lieu mi cua gieng khoan PV-XT-1X cho thay co nhng iem khong con phu hp vi nhan nh trc ay. Bi vay e anh gia ung c cac yeu to rui ro ve sinh va dch chuyen dau kh la het sc can thiet, ac biet can phai nghien cu ban chat va quy mo phan bo cua cac tang sinh cua be Song Hong mot cach chi tiet hn. Kh CO2 ton tai trong cac mo kh thuoc play carbonat (nang Tri Ton...) va trong play cat ket Miocen tren - Pliocen di cac mo kh thuoc them luc a Trung Quoc (ong Fang) va vung chong lan gia Viet Nam - Trung Quoc (pha ong Bac lo 111, 113). ay la mot rui ro ln trong tham do. Mac du a co au t nghien cu nhng cho en nay van cha lam ro c nguon goc va quy luat phan bo cua chung pha Nam be Song Hong. Viec nay can au t nghien cu e co the tm kiem nhng cau tao trien vong co kha nang cha kh ln nhng ty le CO2 thap. Hien nay cong tac khoan m va, th va, v va thuy lc co nhieu tien bo
nhng cha ham lng CO2 cao, can
va mot vai cau tao trong Oligocen. Tuy nhien, cac cau tao trong Miocen co rui ro cao do c hoan thanh muon hn trong pha tao dau kh nen kha nang dch chuyen, nap bay cua dau kh b han che, con cac cau tao trong Oligocen th rui ro ve bay va kha nang cha cua oi tng kem do chung nam sau, chat lng tai lieu a chan kem, kho xac nh va mc o tin cay thap. Bi vay, trong thi gian ti can u tien TKTD cac bay cha la cac vom khep kn bon hoac ba chieu trong tram tch Oligocen, ac biet u tien cho cac bay vom Pliocen i kem hoat ong diapir, cac quat cat ngam va turbidit. Ket qua tham do be Cu Long, MalayTho Chu cho thay cac bay phi cau tao co he so thanh cong cao va ang tr thanh oi tng tham do chu yeu khi ma cac oi tng truyen thong (bay cau tao) a c tham do. be Song Hong cac dang bay phi cau tao rat pho bien, trong thi gian ti can quan tam nghien
cu va tham do cac loai bay phi cau tao nay. e giam rui ro, nang cao hieu qua tham do noi chung va tham do cac bay phi cau tao noi rieng can tap trung nghien cu giai quyet cac ton tai neu tren. Rieng oi vi at lien MVHN, mat cat tram tch Oligocen (ma trong o an cha nhieu bay dau kh co trien vong) lai cha c the hien ro rang. e cai thien tai lieu a chan co chat lng tot hn, co kha nang lam ro cau truc Oligocen can x ly lai nhieu lan tai lieu a chan cho tng oi tng va muc tieu cu the. ong thi ay manh cong tac nghien cu phng phap thu no mi nham nang cao o phan giai va tang chieu sau nghien cu. Co the noi rang be tram tch Song Hong con an cha nhieu trien vong, tiem tang ve oi tng, phong phu ve the loai, mat o tham do con thap, con nhieu c hoi e phat hien cac mo dau kh thng mai.
233
Tai lieu tham khao 1. Anzoil, 1995. Hanoi Basin, Geological Evaluation. 2. BP, 1991. Well Evaluation Report: 118CVX-1X. 3. BP, 1991. Well Evaluation Report: 119CH-1X. 4. BP, 1992. Block Evaluation Report Danang PSA: Basin analysis & Prospectivity Evaluation. 5. BP, 1994. Well Evaluation Report: 118BT-1X. 6. BP, 1995. Geological Evaluation Memorandum Su Tu Bien Project. 7. BP, 1995. Well Evaluation Report: 117STB-1X. 8. OMV, 1995. 104 - QV - 1X Well Proposal. 9. OMV, 2001. 111 - HE - 1X Final Well Report. 10. Petronas, 2004. 106-Yen Tu Final Well Report. 11. PIDC, 2001. Bao cao tong ket gieng khoan PV-103-HOL-1X (PIDC, 2001). 12. PIDC, 2004. Cau truc, tiem nang dau kh va phng hng TKTD cua them luc a Bac Viet Nam (lo101-123). 13. PIDC, 2004. Ke hoach tham do tong the ngoai khi be Song Hong (PIDC, 2004). 14. PVSC, 1994. Bao cao Tong ket cong tac Tham do cac lo 120-121. 15. PVSC, 1997. Bao cao D an Tong the Tm kiem-Tham do va khai thac khu vc Vnh Bac Bo. 16. PVSC, 1998. Tong hp tai lieu a chat, a vat ly, anh gia a chat va xac nh cac cau tao, v tr toi u cho cac gieng khoan tm kiem tham do khu vc lo 111, 112. 17. PVSC, 1998. Bao cao tong hp tai lieu a chat- a vat ly, anh gia a chat va xac nh cac cau tao, v tr toi u cho cac gieng khoan Tm kiem Tham do khu vc lo 102, 103, 106, 107. 18. PVSC, 1999. Bao cao anh gia kha nang phat trien va khai thac tiem nang dau kh khu vc Vnh Bac Bo. 19. Shell, 1991. Evaluation of the geology and hydrocarbon potential of blocks 112, 114, 116, Hue Basin, Vietnam. 20. Shell, 1991. Summary. Hai Yen Prospect
21. Vietgazprom, 2002. Phng an a chat gieng khoan tham do VGP-112-BT-1X, cau tao Bach Tr.
234

11 Chuong7.part1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

11 Chuong7.part1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chng

Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

Vung Tay Bac bao gom mien vong Ha

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

condensat/ngay (11,6m /ngay).

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Trong Pliocen D THNG BIN A CHN

Gan noc Pliocen

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

Trm tch Eocen?

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

a ho nghch o cui Oligocen - Miocen sm

Hng o Bch Long V Thm Thanh Ngh

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

UPPER PLIOCENE LOWER MIOCENE

DRILLED WELL (CNOC)

Prospect 113B 115

Hnh 7.23. Cau tao C (carbonat), lo 113 (theo PVSC, 1998)

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 7.28. a tang pha Nam Be Song Hong (PIDC, 2004)

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

0 400 420 440 460 480

Nhit Tmax (oC)

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

GK81 GK20 GK100 GK112

D14-STL-5X D23-2X D23-1X D14-STL-3X

GK103 GK204 GK77 GK200 GK83 GK69 GK67

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

Thang ng gap 4 lan ngang

Mo hnh o trng thanh s kien 5 (10 trieu nam ve trc)

Hnh 7.35. Mo hnh trng thanh tai lo 112 (PIDC, 2002)

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 7. Be tram tch Song Hong va tai nguyen dau kh