SPM 7 FORM 5 CHAPTER 2

ELECTRICITY
7.1 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT

Electric Charge

Electric Field

ELECTRICITY

Electric Current

Electric Charge

Electric Field

ELECTRICITY

Electric Current

Benjamin Franklin's Experiment,1752

lightning is electricity

Electric Charge

= The source of electric force

++
positive charge

-negative charge

+
-

+
-

Electric Charge

Electric Field

ELECTRICITY

Electric Current

Electric Field
Electric field region

What happen to it?

Force pulls towards positive charge

+
What happen to it?

Force pushes away from positive charge

Electric Field

magnitude / force

Electric lines of force

direction

Electric Field

region

charge

electric force electric line of force

magnitude

direction

Electric Field

Experiment to determine the pattern of electric field

/ plane electrode

Electric Field

Experiment to determine the pattern of electric field

Electric Field

Experiment to determine the pattern of electric field

3 properties of electric lines of force

1. The electric field do not cross each other STATE 3 PROPERTIES OF ELECTRIC LINES OF FORCE 2. The closer the lines the stronger the electric field 3. The direction of electric fields is from positive charge to negative charge

Electric Field

Experiment to determine the pattern of electric field

Cooking oil is an insulator which does not conduct electricity. This enables a very high voltage to be maintained across the two electrodes.

The force due to the action of the electric field.

1. The electric field do not cross each other 2. The closer the lines the stronger the electric field 3. The direction of electric fields is from positive charge to negative charge

Electric Charge

Electric Field

ELECTRICITY

Electric Current

Electric Current

Van De Graff

metal dome

roller rubber belt roller

motor

Electric Current
pointer of meter deflects flow of charge flow of electrons electric current

1 electron = 1.6x10-19 C (coulomb)

charge dome is connected to the earth
negative charge

Electric Current

rub carried

charged

charge

metal dome metal dome deflects

flow flow charge electron 1.6x10-19 C (coulomb)

charge

Electric Current
FORMULA
number charges for 1 electron = 1.6x10-19 C

Q = It
charge (C)
current (A) time (s)

Q = ne
charge (C) Number of electrons

Q I= t

The rate of charge flow through a conductor DEFINITION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT, I

Electric Current

0.4 A

200 s

12C ; 7.5 x 10-19

20 C

0.8C ; 0.04A

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Ping-pong ball coated with a conducting material

TAKE A BREAK - VIDEO

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Ping-pong ball coated with a conducting material

Coated with metallic paint

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Ping-pong ball coated with a conducting material

Forces of attraction are equal

Electrical neutral

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Ping-pong ball coated with a conducting material

attract

VS

neutralised

VS

repel

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Ping-pong ball coated with a conducting material

attract

VS

neutralised

VS

repel

1. Increase the voltage the E.H.T. How can we of increase thepower rate ofsupply oscillation of the ping-pong ball? 2. Decreasing the distance between two electrode

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Ping-pong ball coated with a conducting material metallic

force

attraction

equal

electrically neutral
received

negatively
repelled attracted negative charges neutralized repelled attracted oscillated

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Candle Flame

Electric Current
lighter Smaller proportion negative ions

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Candle Flame

positive ions

heavier

bigger proportion

Seen to spread out more

Electric Current
heat positive

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Candle Flame

negative

positive
negative

pulled
pulled

heavier

larger

lighter

smaller

negative

Electric Current

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Lightning conductors

- -- - -

--- - ++

+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +

Electric Current
TAKE A BREAK - VIDEO

Effects of an Electric Field on a Charge Electrostatic Paint Spraying

Review
The source of electric force Electric Charge A region is which an electric charge experiences an electric force Electric Field

ELECTRICITY

Electric Current

The rate of electric charge flow through a conductor

Exercise Paper 2 Section A

(i) The pointers deflects when Answer(i) the current flows through it

(ii) When electric charge flow Answer(ii) through it at a higher rate, current is higher.

Exercise Paper 2 Section B

(a) The ping-pong ball and candle frame experience a force to attract to the plate . The effect of electric field on a charge. Electric field Answer(a) state is a region which a electric charge experience an electric force. Unlike charges attract each other but like charge repel each other.

(b)(i) Period of oscillation decrease. When voltage of E.H.T. is increased, more charges accumulated in electrodesAnswer(b)(i) and cause the electric filed more stronger. Hence, force to attract the ping-pong ball increase and make it oscillate faster.

(b)(ii) Period of oscillation increase. When two plates are separated further apart, the distance between them increase, Answer(b)(ii) electric filed become weaker. Hence, the force to attract and repel ping-pong ball is decrease and make it oscillate slower.

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