Biological Foundation Of Psychology

By: Kelompok 2

The Study of The Biological Bases of Psychology

Researches have proposed

that some human functions (such as moral disgust and our response to social exclusion) could develop through a process of preadaptation, by co-opting, existing systems.
The nervous system is

divided into the central nervous systems and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes the somatic system and the autonomic system.

Neurons, The Building Blocks of The Nervous System

The basic unit of the nervous

system is the neuron. Neurons receive chemical signals on branches called dendrites and transmit electrochemical potentials down a tubelike extension called the axon. Chemical neurotransmitters are released at synapses and carry messages between two neurons. Neurotransmitters exert their action by binding to receptors. When a neuron is depolarized above its excitation threshold, it generates an all-or-none action potential. This action potential moves down the axon and initiates the release of neurotransmitters at the terminal buttons.

The Organization of The Brain

The human brain is

composed of three functional divisions : the central, the limbic system, and the cerebrum. Anatomically, we divide the brain into the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain.

The Autonomic Nervous System

The nervous system is divided

into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the somatic system and the autonomic system. The autonomic nervous system consist of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division is active during excitement, and the parasympathetic system is dominant during quiescence.

The Endocrine System

The endocrine glands secrete hormones

into the bloodstream that travel through the body, acting in various ways on cells of different types. The pituitary gland controls the secretion activity of others endocrine glands

Chromosomes and ganes, segments of DNA molecules that store genetic information, transmit an individuals hereditary potensial. Behavior depens on the interaction between heredity and enviroment: An individuals genes set the limis of his or her potential, but what the happens to that potential depens on the enviroment in which he or she grows up.