7 HNG BIN I CHO MT BI TON TNH TCH PHN

Nguyn Hu Thanh Trng THPT Thun Thnh s I

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Mt trong nhng phng php hc ton l sau mi bi ton chng ta cn tm ra nhng
im nhn c th hiu vn mt cch thng thi hn.
Vy lm c iu , ngi hc ton cn iu g?
1. Suy ngh tht k, tht thu o v vn c t ra.
2. Tm mi lin h gia cc kin thc xung quanh vn .
3. T t cu hi xung quanh mt vn nh tm cch tng qut thch hp.
Chc cc bn thnh cng ! !
Xin phn tch qua mt bi ton nh sau:
Bi ton : Tnh tch phn I =
2
0
sin
sin cos
x
dx
x x

Nhn xt 1: Quan st thy c hm s di du tch phn c dng phn thc. Vy kin
thc s s dng cho hm phn thc l g? Chc chn chng ta ngh n nguyn hm
ln | |
dx
x C
x
+

Vy s dng c cng thc ny chng ta cn phi tm mi cch bin i v dng !

Nhn xt 2: y ch xut hin 2 hm s lng gic l sinx v cosx . Vy c cch no biu
din thng qua mt yu t khng ? Ta cng tm kim kin thc gii quyt.
- Hng 1: Chia c t v mu cho cosx ta c
1 1 1
( ) 1
cos 1 1 1
sinx tgx tgx
f x
sinx x tgx tgx tgx
+

+ + + +
t t t= tgx
I =
1
]
1

+
+
+
+

+ +
dt
t
C Bt
dt
t
A
dx
t t
tdt
dx
2 2
1 1 ) 1 )( 1 (
- Hng 2: t
tan
2
x
t
th
2
2 2
2 1- t
sin ; cosx=
1 1
t
x
t t

+ +

Vi hng trn ta c th tnh c tch phn c dng tng qut sau:
1 1 1
2 2 2
sin cos
sin cos
b
a
a x b x c
I dx
a x b x c
+ +

+ +

Cc bn hy lm bi ton trn v t mnh ngh ra bi v gii nh!

Nhn xt 3: Xut pht t quan h ca sinx v cosx . iu g c bit trong cn ca tch phn
?
- Hng 3: t x=
0:
2 2
: 0
2
dx dt
t x t
x t

'

( y l cch t n ph m khng lm thay i

cn ca tch phn c dp trao i cng cc bn).
Khi :
2 2 2
0 0 0
sin s s
sin cos sin cos sin cos
x co t co x
I dx dt dx
x x t t x x


+ + +


2 2 2
0 0 0
sin s
2
sin cos sin cos 2 4
x co x
I dx dx dx I
x x x x


+
+ +

Tht ng kinh ngc !!!!!
Vi hng trn ta c th tnh c tch phn tng qut sau:
2
0
sin
sin s
n m
n n m m
x
I
x co x

Cc bn hy lm bi ton trn v t mnh ngh ra bi v gii nh!

Nhn xt 4: Nu dng bin i lng gic th nh th no ?
- Hng 4: Bin i f(x) =
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
4
cot 1
2
1
4
sin 2
4 4
sin

x g
x
x
v ta tnh c bnh
thng.
- Hng 5: Bin i
f(x) =

,
_

,
_

1
2 cos
1
2
2
1
2 cos
2
2 cos 1
2 sin
2
1
sin cos
) sin (cos sin
2 2
x
x tg
x
x
x
x x
x x x

v ta tnh vi cc tch phn bnh thng ca hm lng gic.
Nhn xt 6: V tch phn c dng hm phn thc nn nu ta bin i t thc tm cch
vit c qua mu s v o hm ca mu th hay qu !
- Hng 6: Bin i
cos cos 1 cos
( )
cos 2( cos ) 2 2( cos )
sinx sinx x sinx x x sinx
f x
sinx x sinx x sinx x
+ +

+ + +
Nhn xt 7: Quan st ticsh phn cn tm ta thy s sai khc ca t s v mu s, vy nu ta
tm c mt tch phn khc c h hng vi n th sao nh ? Tr li cu hi ta i xt tch phn
2
0
s
sin cos
co x
J dx
x x

( gi l tch phn lin kt ca tch phn I) .

T hai tch phn trn ta i gii h :
I J
I J
+
'

s tm c I .