CHAPTER 3 : Movement Of Substances Across The Plasma Membrane

3.1.1 Substances Required by Cells and Substances Eliminated from Cells

Metabolism consists of two processes :o Anabolism is the building up of molecules. Eg; the synthesis of proteins and ATPs in a cell. o Catabolism is the breaking down of large molecules to a simpler molecule. Eg; the oxidation of glucose in cell respiration. Raw substances taken in the cell for anabolism from external environment. Waste from catabolism and excess substances are removed from cell. -Anabolism (take in) *Substances = water and salts -Catabolism (throw out)

Substances that leave the cell

o o o o o o o o o o Carbon dioxide(animal cell) Oxygen(plant cell) Secretions Nitrogenous waste Excess water Oxygen(animal cell) Carbon dioxide(plant cell) Glucose Amino acids Ionic salts - waster product of respiration - waste product of photosynthesis - cellular products used in other parts of the body - waste products from breakdown of excess proteins - osmoregulation - for cell respiration - raw material for photosynthesis - for cell respiration - raw materials for protein synthesis - for cell metabolism and osmoregulation

Substances that enter the cell

3.1.2 The Necessity for Movement of Substances Across the Plasma Membrane

Cell membrane = Plasma membrane Necessities for movement of substances across the plasma membrane are :o Cells need nutrients and oxygen. These passes through the plasma membrane from the external environment. o Cells produce waste products which exits through the plasma membrane. o The plasma membrane controls the types and amount of substances needed by the cell at any time.

cytoplasm

Nucleus

Plasma membrane Movement of substances out of the cell Movement of substance into the cell

3.1.3 The Structure of the Plasma Membrane

Fluid mosaic model is used to explain the structure of plasma membrane.