Working Principle of a Squirrel Cage AC - Induction MOTOR

1 PHASE TRANSFORMER
Hoofd flux

I1

I2

Rotating transformer
Stator Rotor

Rotor Equivalent Circuit

Two equivalent circuits for one phase of the rotor windings

Torque Production in an Induction Motor

In a conventional DC machine field is stationary and the current carrying conductors rotate. We can obtain similar results if we make field structure rotating and current carrying conductor stationary. In an induction motor the conventional 3-phase winding sets up the rotating magnetic field(RMF) and the rotor carries the current carrying conductors. An EMF and hence current is induced in the rotor due to the speed difference between the RMF and the rotor, similar to that in a DC motor. This current produces a torque such that the speed difference between the RMF and rotor is reduced.
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Slip in Induction Motor

However, this speed difference cannot become zero because that would stop generation of the torque producing current itself. The parameter slip s is a measure of this relative speed difference

n s n m s m ns s

where ns,s are the speeds of the RMF in RPM and rad/sec respectively nm,m are the speeds of the motor in RPM and rad/sec respectively The angular slip frequency and the slip frequency at which voltage is induced in the rotor is given by

slip s, f slip sf

Torque Path
Hz
50 Hz

25 Hz

15 Hz

Current Path
Hz
50H z

25 H z

15H z

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Torque - Speed Curve

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Torque - Speed Curve

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Torque - Speed Curve

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Induction Motor Equivalent Circuit

Equivalent circuit for one phase of an induction motor and the associeted power-flow diagram. V is the phase voltage and I is the phase current

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