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1

1.1

1.2
50,000

1.3

1.3.1
2
1.3.1.1 (Assembly Drawing)

1.1
1.1
1.3.1.2 (Detail Drawing)

1.2
1.2

, ,

1.3.2 -

2
1.3 1.4
1.3
: , 2546 191
1.4
: , 2546 261
1.3.3 -
3 ,
1.5
1.5
: , 2548 60
1.
2.

3.

2.1
2.1.1

,
40 x 60 , 60 x
100 , 80 x 120
2.1, 2.2 2.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.1.2

A3
40 x 60
2.4
2.5
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: , 2527 29
2.1.3 (T-Square) (T-Slide)

(T) 2 (Head) (Blade)

2.6

2.7
2.7
2.1.4 (Set Square)
2
2.1.4.1 3
3 2 45, 45 90
30, 60 90
2.8
() 45, 45 90
() 30, 60 90
2.8
10
2.1.4.2
2.9
2.9
2.1.5

4
2.1.5.1

2.10 ()
2.1.5.2
2.10 ()
()
()
2.10
11
2.1.5.3

2.11 ()
2.1.5.4
3

2.11 ()
()
()
2.11
2.1.6
2
2.1.6.1 2

2.12
2.12
12
2.1.6.2
2
1)
2
2.13
2.13 2
2)
0.3, 0.5 0.7

2.14
2.14
13
3
.
9H - 4H
. 3H - B
.
2B - 7B
2H - 3H
F - HB

9H 8H 7H 6H 5H 4H
3H 2H
HB
2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
()
()
()
2.15
2.1.7

0.13, 0.18, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.4 2 .0
0.5 3 0.5, 0.35
0.25
2.16
14
2.1.8

2.1.8.1
2
2.1.8.2
2.17
2.17
2.1.8.3
2.1.8.4
-,
2.18
()
()
2.18
15
2.1.8.5
2.19
2.19
2.1.8.6

3 2.20
2.20
2.1.8.7 (Leroy) -
2.1.8.8
2.1.8.9 2.21
2.21
16
2.1.8.10
2.1.8.11
2.2
2.2.1
1
1
2.22 ()
2 1
2 2.22 ()
3 1 2
3
2.22 ()
4 3 ()
4 2.22 ()
() 1
() 2
() 3
() 4
2.22
17
2.2.2
- 2.23
2.23
2.2.3

2.24
2.24
2.2.4

2.25
2.25
18
2.2.5

2.26
2.26
2.2.6

2.27
2.27
( )
( )
19
2.2.7
2.2.7.1
() 45, 45 90
() 30, 60 90
2.28
2.2.7.2 30
() 90
() 90
2.29 30
2.2.7.3 45
() 90
() 90
2.30 45
20
2.2.7.4 60
() 90
() 90
2.31 60
2.2.7.5 15
2.32 15
2.2.7.6 75
2.33 75
21
2.2.8
1
2.34
2
2.35
3
15
2.36
22
2.2.9
2.2.9.1
2.2.9.2
2.2.9.3
2B
2.37
2.2.10

60

2.38
2.38
23
2.2.11
2.2.11.1 9H 4H
( 4H)
2.2.11.2
3H B ( HB)

-
-
24
2
(X)
1.
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4
2.
.
.
.
.
3.
. 60
. 90
. 120
. 180
4.
. 90, 60, 45
. 90, 60, 30
. 90, 45, 30
. 60, 45, 45
5.
.
.
.
.
6.
.
.
.
.
7.
. H
. HB
. 5B
. 3H
8.
.
.
.
.
25
9.
. 15
. 30
. 45
. 60
10.
. 15 . 30 . 45 . 60
27

3.1

(Letter Template) Leroy

3.1.1

3 5:6 6:6 8:6
3.1
28
3.2
3.1.2

3.3
3.3
: , 2547 39
29
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
3.1.3.2
3.1.3.3
3.2

3.1
3.1
3.3 (Scale)

3
3.3.1
1:1
3.3.2
1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, 1:200, 1:500
3.3.3
2:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1, 50:1, 100:1
30
3.4

2
3.4.1
DIN 476 7 A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 A6
A0 1
1 2 3.2
3.2
x (.)
841 x 1,189
594 x 841
420 x 594
297 x 420
210 x 297
148 x 210
105 x 148
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6

x (.)
831 x 1,179
584 x 831
410 x 584
287 x 410
200 x 287
138 x 200
95 x 138
A0
841 mm.
A2
A1
A4
A3
A5
A6
A6
1189 mm.
3.4
31
3.4.2 ()

120
120 A4 16 ( )
80 80
32
3
(X)
1.
. .
. .
2.
.
. . .
3.
.
. . .
4. DIN 476 A0
. 1 . 2 . 0.5
. 1
5. DIN 476
. 1 2
. 1 2 . 1 3
. 1 3
6.
. A1
. A2
. A3
. A4
7. 120
. 1 120 . 1 120
. 1 120 . 1 120
8. (Scale)
. 2
. 3
. 4
. 1
9. 24 2 : 1
. 12
. 24
. 48
. 72
10. 24 2 : 1
. 12
. 24
. 48
. 72
34
()
()
()
()
4.1
35
4.1
4.2
1. AB 1
2. A AB
2
3. B X Y
3
4. X Y AB C 4
4.2
4.3
1. AB 1
2. A AB
2
3. B X Y
3
4. X Y AB C 4
36
4.3
4.4
1. AB 1
2. A C 60
2
3. AC X, Y Z (
AX = XY = YZ) 3
4. Z B 4
5. ZB
Y
AB Y 5
6. X-X 6
7. AB 7
37
4.4
4.5
1. ABC 1
2. B
X Y 2
3. X Y
D 3
4. D B ABC 4
4.5
4.6
1. AB R 1
2. A R 2
3. B R 3
4. X Y XY AB
R 4
38
4.6
4.7
1. ABC R 1
2. B R
X Y 2
3. X Y R D
3
4. D R
X Y 4
"- "
"
?
!
?
" !
?
!
?
!
?
!
?
!
39
4.7
4.8
1. ABC R 1
2. AB R D E
2
3. BC R F G
2 H 3
4. R H
X Y 4
40
4.8
4.9
1. ABC R 1
2. AB R D E
2
3. BC R F G
2 H 3
4. R H
X Y 4
4.9
4.10
1. R1 R2 R
1
2. A R+R1 2
3. B R+R2 X
Y 3
4. X Y R 4
41
4.10
4.11
1. R1 R2 R
1
2. A R-R1 2
3. B R-R2 X
Y 3
4. X Y R 4
4.11
4.12
1. AB 1
2. A AB 2
3. B AB C
3
4. A C C B ABC
4
42
4.12
4.13
1. AB 1
2. AB 2
3. A AB C 3
4. C AB 4
5. B AB D 5
6. C D D B ABDC
6
43
4.13
4.14
1. 1
2. B BA () C
D 2
3. CD AB E 3
4. E EF G 4
5. F FG 1 5
6. 1 ( FG) 2, 3, 4 6
7. F-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 4 F
7
( )
( )
44
4.14
4.15
1. 1
2. A AO () C
D 2
3. B E F
3
4. A-D, D-F, F-B, B-E C A
4
45
4.15
4.16
1. O
1
2. A, B, C D 2
3. 12 ( 30 )
3
4. 1 4
5. 1
5
6. 4 5 6
7. 3
7
8. 7
8
46
4.16
4.17
1. ABCD 1
2. EF GH O 2
3. DE 4 3
4. G 1, 2 3 4
5. EO 4 5
6. H 1,2 3 G
6
7. 7
8. 3
8
9. 8
9
47
4.17
4.18
1. ABCD 1
2. EF GH O 2
3. DE 4 3
4. G 1, 2 3 4
5. EO 4 5
6. H 1,2 3 G
6
7. 7
8. 3
8
9. 8
9

( )
48
4.18
4.19
1. AB CD O
1
2. C D 2
3. AC 3
4. OA E 4
5. CE AC F 5
6. AF AO X
Y 6
7. O OX OX OY OY 7
8. Y X, Y X Y X
8
49
9. XA X 4 1
X 2 3 9
10. YC Y 1
2 Y 2 3
10
4.19
4.20
1. ABC 1
2. CAB 2
3. CBA O
AC X 3
4. O OX 4
50
4.20
4.21
1. ABC 1
2. AC 2
3. CB O 3
4. O OA 4
51
4
1. 20 .
2. 60 .
54
(PICTORIAL VIEW)
5.1

3
5.1.1 1
3
, 5.1
()
()
()
5.1 1

( )
55
5.1.2 2
2 (LVP) (RVP) 5.2
5.2 2
5.1.3 3
3
() 5.3
5.3 3
56
. 1
. 2
. 3
5.4
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5.2
45
2
5.2.1 (Cavalier Drawing)
: : 1 : 1 : 1 5.5
5.5
57
5.2.2 (Cabinet Drawing)

: : 1 : 1 : 0.5 5.6
5.6
5.7
5.8
58
5.3
(Axonometric) (Axon) Axis
360
3
5.3.1 (Diametric Projection)

5.9 5.13
5.9 15, 15
5.10 15, 37.5

( )
59
5.11 37.5, 37.5
5.12 45, 45
5.13 7, 41.5
60
5.3.2 (Trimetric Projection)

5.14
5.14 15, 45
5.3.3 (Isometric Projection)
120
5.15
5.15 30, 30

( )
61
5.16
5.17
( )
( )
62
5.4
5.4.1
5.18
1
3
2
3

,
5.19

( )
63
5.4.2
5.20
1
3
5.21
64
5.5
5.5.1
5.5.1.1
5.22
1. ABCD 45 1
2. 1-3 2-4 2
3. 4 AD 2 BC
3
4. 1 AB G E 3
DC H F 4
5. G G-1 1 4 H
2 3 5
6. B B-4 4 3 D
2 1 6
65
5.5.1.2
5.23
1. ABCD 45 1
2. 1-3 2-4 2
3. 4 AD 2 BC
3
4. 1 AB G E 3
DC H F 4
5. G G-1 1 4 H
2 3 5
6. B B-4 4 3 D
2 1 6

(, )
66
5.5.2

5.22 5.23
5.24
5.25
( )
67
5.5.2.1
5.26
1. 30
1
2. 1-3 2-4 2
3. D 1 2 3
4. B 4 E
B 3 F 4
5. E E-1 1 4 F
2 3 5
6. B B-4 4 3 D
2 1 6
68
5.5.2.2
5.27
1. 30
1
2. 1-3 2-4 2
3. D 1 2 3
4. B 4 E
B 3 F 4
5. E E-1 1 4 F
2 3 5
6. B B-4 4 3 D
2 1 6
69
5.5.2.3
5.28
1. 30 1
2. 1-3 2-4 2
3. A 2 3 3
4. C 4 F
C 1 E 4
5. E E-1 1 2 F
3 4 5
6. A A-3 3 2 C
4 1 6
70
5

1.
2.
1:1
1:1 ()
72
(ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING)

6.1

6.1
6.1

( )
73
6.2

DIN 6
3 1, 3
6.2.1 1 (First angle Projection) ISO-Method E

6.2 6.1
6.2 1
6.1 1
74
1 1
2
1
75
10

45
76
6.2.2 3 (Third angle Projection) ISO-Method A

6.3 6.2
6.3 3
6.2 3
( )
( )
77
6
3
78
10
3
11

45
79
6.2.3

6.4
6.4

(Front View) (Side View) (Top View)
6.6 6.8

...
80
6.3

45 6.6
6.8
6.5
6.6
81
6.7
6.8
82
--
89

7.1
7.1
7.1.1. (Extension Lines)

7.1.1.1
7.1.1.2
60 7.2
7.2 60
90
7.1.1.3 2 7.3
7.1.1.4
7.3 2
7.1.2 (Dimension Lines)

7.1.2.1
7.1.2.2 8
7.1.2.3 5
7.4
7.1.3 (Arrows Head)

7.1.3.1
7.1.3.2 15 5
0.5 5 x 0.5 = 2.5
7.1.3.3
91
7.5
7.1.4 (Dimension Text)
7.1.4.1
7.1.4.2 7.6
7.1.4.3
7.1.4.4 7.6
7.1.4.5 7.7
7.6
7.7
92
7.2
7.2.1

7.2.1.1 7.8
7.8
7.2.1.2 7.9
7.9
7.2.1.3
7.10
7.10
93
7.2.2
7.2.2.1
7.2.2.2

7.2.2.3
7.2.2.4

7.11 ()
7.2.2.5
7.11 ()
()
()
7.11
7.2.3
7.2.3.1
7.12
.
.
.
.
7.12
94
7.2.3.2
1) 7.13
.
.
7.13
2) 7.14
(1)
(2)
.
.
7.14
.
.

( )
95
3) 7.15
7.15
4)

75
7.16
7.16
7.2.4
7.17
7.17
96
7.2.5
7.2.5.1 R
7.2.5.2
7.2.5.3
7.2.5.4
()
7.2.5.5 +
7.18
7.2.6
7.19
7.19

( )
97
7.2.7
M10x1.5 10 1.5
7.2.7.1 7.20
7.20 M10
7.2.7.2 7.21
7.21 M10
7.2.8 x
3x45 3 45
7.22
7.22
98
99
7
(X)
1.
. ,
. , ,
. , , ,
. , , , ,
2.
. 8 .
. 12 .
. 3 .
. 5 .
3.
. 3 .
. 5 .
. 8 .
. 12 .
4.
. 2 .
. 5 .
. 8 .
. 12 .
5.
.
.
.
.
6. 0.7 .
. 2.5 .
. 3.5 .
. 4.5 .
. 7 .
7.
100
8.
.
.
9.
.
.
10.
. 50
. 50R
. R=30
. R30
102

8.1

8.1.1 (Cutting lines)

8.1
8.1
8.1.2 (Section View)
() (Section lines)

45
8.2
8.2
103
8.2
8.2.1 (Full Sections)
8.3
8.3 8.4

8.5
8.5

104
8.2.2 (Half Sections)

8.8
8.6
8.7

8.8
8.8
105
8.2.3 (Offset Sections)

8.11
8.9
8.10

8.11
8.11
106
8.2.4 (Partial Sections)

8.12
8.12
8.2.5 (Revolved Sections)

8.14
8.13
.
.
8.14
107
8.2.6 (Aligned Sections)

8.15
8.15
8.2.7 (Remove Sections)
8.17
8.16
8.17
108
(Assembly Drawing)
8.18
8.18
( )
( )
109
8
(X)
1. (Cutting Lines)
. . . .
2. (Section Lines)
. , 30 . , 45
. , 30 . , 45
3.
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4
4.
. . . .
5.
. .
. .
110
6.
. . . .
7.
. .
8.
. . .
111
9.
. .
10.
. . . .
113

9.1

9.2
9.2.1
3
9.2.1.1
9.1
9.1
114
9.2.1.2
9.2
9.2
9.2.1.3
9.3
9.3
115
9.2.2

3
9.2.2.1

9.4
9.4
116
9.2.2.2

9.2.2.1
9.2.2.3

9.2.2.1
9.3
9.3.1

9.1, 9.2 9.3
9.3.2
9.5
9.5
117
4
1. 20 .
119
10

10.1

3
10.1.1 10.1
10.1
10.1.2 10.2
10.2
120
10.1.3 10.3
10.3
10.2
10.2.1
1 ABCD
2 1-2, 3-4
O AC BD
3
8
4 8

10.4
121
10.2.2
1 AB
CD
O
2 EF
GH
8
3
8

10.5
10.3
10.3.1
1 A
B
O
2 C
45
3
A,B
C
10.6
( )
( )
4
3
122
10.3.2
1 A 2 3
B AO Y BO X BO
O X
Y AO
Z
4
X Y
XZ YZ
10.7
10.4
1 ABCD
1-2 3-4 0
2 (Minor)
1 2
3 (Major) 3
4
10.8
123
10.5
2
4
10.9
124
10.6
10.6.1
1
3
10.10
125
10.6.2
1
3
10.11
126
127
15 10
1.
2.
3.
129
11

11.1
11.1.1 2
11.1 () 11.1
. 2

11.1
11.1
130
11.1.2 2 ()
()
11.2
11.2
11.2
( )
( )
131
11.1.3
11.3
11.1.4

11.4

( )
132
11.1.5
. (
60 )
. ( )
. ( )
()
()
()
11.3
11.1.6
c(f)
d
Ra 1
a = (R a ) m
b =
c =
d =
e =
f = m

4.5 (R max =7.5)

Ra 1 m
R max = 7.5 m
4.5 .
(R z 4.0)

R z 4.0 m
11.4
133
11.1.7
11.5
--
--

134
11.2 ()
11.6
135
16 11
Ra 3
(R z 8.0)
1.
2...
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
136
. , 2 : , 2528.
. 1 , 2548.
. 2. : , 2528.
. 2 : , 2529.
, , , 2550.
. 03, , 2523.
. , 2
, 2524.
. . , 2549.
. . 2. :
, 2539.
. . : , 2550.
-.
()
. . : , 2523.
. .002.
, 2525.
. , : , 2546.
. . : , 2547.
. . 1. :
, 2529.
, . . : , 2549.
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1

2.1.3 (T-Square) (T-Slide)

5.2.2 (Cabinet Drawing)

5.3.1 (Diametric Projection)

5.10 15, 37.5

5.11 37.5, 37.5

5.3.2 (Trimetric Projection)

6.2.1 1 (First angle Projection) ISO-Method E

6.2.2 3 (Third angle Projection) ISO-Method A

8.2.2 (Half Sections)

8.2.3 (Offset Sections)

8.2.4 (Partial Sections)

8.2.6 (Aligned Sections)

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