Chng 7 B m v thanh ghi

Th.S ng Ngc Khoa Khoa in - in T

B m khng ng b

Xt b m 4 bit hnh 7-1

Xung clock ch c a n FF A, ng vo J, K ca tt c cc FF u mc logic 1. Ng ra ca FF sau c ni n ng vo CLK ca FF trc n. Ng ra D, C, B, A l mt s nh phn 4 bit vi D l bit c trng s cao nht.

y l b m khng ng b v trng thi ca cc FF khng thay i cng vi xung clock.

Hnh 7-1 B m 4 bit

Quy c v trng s

Trong phn ln cc mch, dng tn hiu thng chy t tri sang phi. Trong chng ny, nhiu mch in c dng tn hiu chy t phi sang tri. V d, trong hnh 7-1:

Flip-Flop A: LSB Flip-Flop D: MSB

4

S MOD

k ca mt b m.

S MOD l s trng thi trong mt chu B m trong hnh 7-1 c 16 trng thi
cng vi s Flip-Flop.

khc nhau, do vy n l b m MOD-16

S MOD ca mt b m c thay i
S MOD 2N
5

S MOD

V d

Mt b m c s dng m sn phm chy qua mt bng ti. Mi sn phm i qua bng chuyn, b cm bin s ti ra mt xung. B m c kh nng m c 1000 sn phm. Hi t nht phi c bao nhiu Flip-Flop trong b m? Tr li: 1000 210 = 1024. Phi c 10 FF
6

Chia tn s

Trong mt b m, tn hiu ng ra ca FF cui cng (MSB) c tn s bng tn s ng vo chia cho s MOD. Mt b m MOD-N l b chia N.

V d 7-1

V d mch to ra dao ng xung vung c tn s 1Hz.

To ra tn hiu xung vung 50Hz t li in. Cho i qua b m MOD-50 chia tn s 50 ln. C c tn hiu xung vung tn s 1Hz

Tr trong b m khng ng b
Cu trc ca b m khng ng b kh n gin nhng vn tr khi truyn tn hiu qua mi FF s lm hn ch tn s ca b m. Vi b m khng ng b ta phi c

TclockN x tpd Fmax=1/(N x tpd)

9

Tr trong b m khng ng b
B m 3 bit vi nhng tn s xung clock khc nhau

10

Cu hi?

thay i trng thi cng mt lc? Sai

Trong b m bt ng b, tt c cc FF Gi s b m trong hnh 7-1 ang S MOD ca b m c 5 Flip-Flop?

trng thi 0101. Sau 27 xung clock, trng thi ca b m s l bao nhiu? 0000

11

B m ng b

Trng thi ca tt c cc FF s c thay i cng mt lc vi xung clock. Hnh sau m t hot ng ca mt b m ng b

Mi FF c ng vo J, K c kt ni sao cho chng trng thi cao ch khi ng ra ca tt c cc FF sau n u trng thi cao. B m ng b c th hot ng vi tn s cao hn b m khng ng b.
12

B m ng b MOD-16

13

Hot ng ca mch

B thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch khi A = 1. C thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch khi A = B = 1. D thay i trng thi theo xung clock ch khi A = B = C = 1.

14

Bng chn tr

15

B m c s MOD < 2N

S dng ng vo khng ng b (clear, set) buc b m b i mt s trng thi. Trong hnh 7-2, ng ra cng NAND c ni n ng vo khng ng b CLEAR ca mi Flip-Flop. Khi A=0, B=C=1, (CBA = 1102= 610) ng ra cng NAND s tch cc v cc FF s b CLEAR v trng thi 0.

16

Hnh 7-2 B m MOD-6

17

Trng thi tm

Lu rng trong hnh 7-2, 110 l mt trng thi tm thi. Mch ch tn ti trng thi ny trong thi gian rt ngn sau s chuyn sang trng thi 000. 000001010011100101000 Ng ra ca FF C c tn s bng 1/6 tn s ng vo.
18

S trng thi

19

Thit k b m MOD-X

Bc 1: Tm s FF nh nht sao cho 2N X. Kt ni cc FF li vi nhau. Nu 2N = X th khng lm bc 2 v 3. Bc 2: Ni mt cng NAND n ng vo CLEAR ca tt c cc FF. Bc 3: Xc nh FF s mc cao ng vi trng thi b m = X. Ni ng ra ca cc FF n ng vo ca cng NAND.
20

10

B m MOD-14 v MOD-10

B m khng ng b

21

B m MOD-14 v MOD-10

B m ng b

22

11

B m thp phn

B m thp phn

L bt k b m no c mi trng thi phn bit. L mt b m thp phn m cc trng thi trong b m tng ng t 0000 (zero) n 1001 (9)
23

B m BCD

B m MOD-60 khng ng b

24

12

V d 7-2

Xc nh mch b m ng b MOD-60

25

Cu hi?

Trong b m MOD-13, ng ra ca FF no c ni n ng vo cng NAND ca mch clear? Tt c cc b m BCD l b m thp phn? Cho mt b m thp phn, tn s ng vo l 50KHz. Tn s ng ra l bao nhiu?
26

13

B m xung khng ng b
111110101100011010001 000 B m ln c th chuyn thnh b m xung bng cch s dng nhng ng ra o li cc ng vo xung clock.

27

B m xung MOD-8

28

14

B m xung ng b

B m xung ng b c cu to hon ton tng t nh b m ln ng b. Ch khc l s dng cc ng ra o iu khin.

29

B m ln/xung ng b

30

15

IC b m khng ng b

IC 74LS293 h TTL

C 4 J-K Flip-Flop, Q3Q2Q1Q0 Mi FF c mt ng vo CP (clock pulse) tng t nh ng vo CLK. Ng vo clock ca Q1 v Q0 c ni n chn 11 v chn 10. Ng vo clear ca mi FF c ni n ng ra ca mt cng NAND hai ng vo MR1 v MR2. Q3Q2Q1 c ni vi nhau hnh thnh nn mt b m 3 bit. Q0 khng c ni n cc phn khc. 31

IC b m khng ng b

32

16

V d 7-3

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m MOD-16

33

V d 7-4

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m MOD-10

34

17

V d 7-5

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m MOD-14 Trng hp ny cn phi s dng thm mt cng AND

35

V d 7-6

S dng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m MOD-60 S dng 2 IC mc ni tip nhau.

36

18

IC b m

Gii thiu IC b m 7 bit h CMOS

37

IC b m ng b

TTL 74ALS160

B m c 4 FF FF thay i trng thi theo cng dng ca xung clock IC c mt ng vo CLEAR khng ng b. B m c th preset n bt k gi tr no (theo cc ng vo A, B, C, v D) bng cch tch cc ng vo LOAD. B m c iu khin bi cc ng vo khc nhau, th hin trong bng Function table.

38

19

74ALS160

39

74ALS160

V d

40

20

74ALS160

V d

41

74ALS160

C th kt hp nhiu IC to ra mt b m ln hn

42

21

IC b m ng b

74ALS193/HC193

B m ng b MOD-16 Presettable up/down Preset khng ng b Master reset khng ng b

43

IC 74ALS193

44

22

IC 74ALS193

Mch to ra TCU v TCD

45

74ALS193 - b m ln

46

23

74ALS193 - b m xung

47

V d 7-7

B m xung MOD-5

48

24

IC 74ALS193

Kt hp nhiu IC m rng b m

49

Gii m b m

Gii m l bit i gi tr nh phn ng ra thnh gi tr thp phn. B gii m sau tch cc mc cao, c th s dng cc n LED th hin cc s thp phn t 0 7.

50

25

Gii m b m MOD-8

51

Thit k b m ng b

Bng chuyn i trng thi ca JK-FF

Chuyn i Hin ti K tip 00 0 0 01 0 1 10 11 1 1 0 1 J 0 1 X X K X X 1 0
52

26

Trnh t thit k

Bc 1: Xc nh s bit (s FF cn) Bc 2: v s chuyn i ca tt c cc trng thi, bao gm c nhng trng thi khng xut hin trong chu trnh. Bc 3: da vo s chuyn i trng thi thit lp mt bng, trong lit k tt c cc trng thi hin ti v k tip.
53

Trnh t thit k

Bc 4: trong bng va to, thm ct gi tr J, K ca cc FF. Vi mi trng thi hin ti, xc nh gi tr ca J v K b m chuyn n trng thi k tip. Bc 5: thit k mch logic to ra cc mc logic cho mi ng vo J v K. Bc 6: xc nh s mch.
54

27

V d, thit k b m MOD-5

S chuyn i trng thi 000001010011100000

55

Trng thi hin ti v k tip

PRESENT C Line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 NEXT B 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 A 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
56

28

Bng trng thi ca mch

PRESENT C Line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 NEXT B 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 A 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 JC KC 0 x 0 x 0 x 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 JB KB 0 x 1 x x 0 x 1 0 x 0 x x 1 x 1 JA KA 1 x x 1 1 x x 1 0 x x 1 0 x x 1
57

Xc nh cc gi tr J v K

Tnh gi tr ca JA

58

29

Tng t ta c

59

S mch

60

30

V d 7-8

S dng D-FF thit k b m MOD-5

PRESENT C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 C 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 NEXT B 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 A 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 DC DB DA 0 0 0 1 x x x x 0 1 x x 0 0 x x 1 x 1 x 0 x 0 x
61

V d 7-8

Xc nh gi tr cc ng vo D

62

31

V d 7-8

S mch

63

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Thanh ghi c th c phn loi da vo cch d liu c a vo v cch m d liu c ly ra:

Parallel in/parallel out Serial in/serial out Parallel in/serial out Serial in/parallel out

(PIPO) (SISO) (PISO) (SIPO)

64

32

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo song song, ra song song :

MSB
1 0 1

Parallel in
0 1 1 0

LSB
1

Parallel out

IC 74174 v 74178
65

PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174

74ALS174/74HC174

Thanh ghi 6 bit D5, D0: ng vo song song Q5, Q0: ng ra song song

D liu c a vo thanh ghi theo cnh dng ca xung clock Master reset c th reset tt c cc FFs mt cch c lp vi xung clock
66

33

PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174

67

PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174

74ALS174 c s dng lm b thnh ghi dch

68

34

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo ni tip, ra ni tip:

Serial In 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

Serial out 1 0

IC 4731B
69

SISO - 4731B

70

35

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo song song, ra ni tip:

MSB Parallel In
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

LSB Serial Out

1 0

IC 74165,74LS165,74HC165
71

PISO - 74HC165

74HC165

Thanh ghi 8 bit D liu ni tip c a vo DS D liu song song khng ng b c a vo qua P0 - P7 Ch c ng ra Q7 c s dng

CP l ng vo xung clock CP INH ng vo ngn xung clock SH/LD ng vo load d liu

72

36

PISO - 74HC165

73

Mch thanh ghi tch hp

Vo ni tip, ra song song:

MSB
1 0

Parallel out
1 0 1 1 0

LSB
1

Serial In 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

IC 74164,74LS164,74HC164
74

37

SIPO 74ALS164/74HC164
74ALS164

Cha thanh ghi dch 8 bit A v B l hai ng vo ca mt cng AND, ng ra ca cnf AND l u vo ni tip.

Qu trnh dch xy ra khi c cnh m ca xung clock

75

IC 74ALS164

76

38

V d IC 74ALS164

77

Thanh ghi dch

3684 368 36 3

V d v thanh ghi dch trong my tnh

78

39

B m thanh ghi dch

B m vng (FF cui ni n FF u tin)

FF cui cng s dch gi tr ca n n FF u tin D-FF c s dng (JK-FF cng c th c s dng) Phi bt u vi trng thi ch c mt FF c gi tr 1 v nhng ci cn li trng thi 0.

79

Dch vng MOD-4

80

40

Dch vng 4 bit

B m MOD-4

81

Cu hi?

82

41