.

,A

ARISTOTELIS

O R G A N O N
GRAE C
E.

NOVIS CODICVM AVXILIIS ADIVTVS RECOGNOVIT,

SCHOLIIS INEDITIS ET COMMENTARIO

INSTRVXIT

THEOPORVS WAITZ,
PHIL. DB.

P S

A E,

SVMTIBVS HAHNIANIS.
MDCCCXLVI.

Y ARISTOTBLIS O R G A N O N
GR A E C
E.

EDIDIT

THEODORVS WAITZ,
^PHIL.
DE.

^^

^^

PARS POSTERIOR.
ANALYTICA POSTERIORA, TOPICA.

P S

A E,

SVMTIBVS HAHNIANIS.
MDCCCXLVI.

t':

Pft

07

PRAEFATIO.
Jcimisuro mihi alterara Organi Aristotelici partem pauca quaedam se obtulerunt quae praemitterem. Ac primum quidem gratias agam viris doctissimis qui de priori liuius scripserunt enim ita ut, libri parte iudicium fecerunt: dum de Aristotele ipso bene mererent, suam erga me benevolentiam testarentur: nam quae de Categoriis disputavit Spengei(MunchnerGel.-Anzz. 1845. no. 4sqq.), ea
et ipse magni aestimo et omnibus qui Aristoteiis studio delectentur pergrata fuisse persuasum habeo. Petiit autem

me

ut clarius dicerem
:

quod

I.

p.

XV

sq.

de

lectionis
est,

varietate scripsi

cui ut satisfaciam

primum notandum

quod pro eo quod dixi de lectione 6 a 7 non habet C, sed jB" legendum est non habet B, sed C". Deinde quod adiecimus 7b8 et 15a2 non habet B' ita intelligendum est, ut neque in cod. B neque in reliquis a Bekkero collatis reperiatur quod iile notavit (v. lect. variet. quam dedimus p. 100 et p. 120), ut incertum sit unde iila hauEa autem quae diximus p, XVI de iectionis vaserit.
rietate

ad

13b31 delenda
1.

editione leguntur ad h.

benda sunt, quod

To dt"
.
.

ita

nam quae in Bekkeri B, to dt" pro mendo hacorrigendum est ut iegatur ,,i^]
sunt:
r/

Deinde pauca quaedam mihi praemonenda sunt de quae de hoc libro et docte et acute disseruit Bonitz (Jen. Littztg. 1845. no. 212sqq.). Primum dicit non opus fuisse ut probaverimus lemmata, quae dicantur, ita comparata esse ut niliil certi ex iis coiligere liceat de lectione quae in contextum recipienda sit. Quod quamquam verissimum est, tamen hoc piuribus comprobare voluimus
iis

VI

PRAEFATIO.

proptereaqiiodvirum valde eruditum in congregatione philoiogorum aliquando in aiiam sententiam disputantem ipsi audivimus (v. Verhandiungen der sechsten Versammlung deutscherPhiloli. undSchulmm. Cassell844. p. 78sq., ubi Brandis reprehenditur quod in coUectione sclioiiorum quam

non adnotaverit quam lemmata exhibeant: de pretio enim quod libris mss. statuendum sit
ediderit variani iectionem

maxime iudicandum esse ex iis quae ab ipsis interpretibus graecis pro veris Aristoteiis verbis habita in commentariis adscripta sint).
praeteriisse videmur,

Deinde quod saepius

silentio

quam

quid colligi possit de lectione interpretes graeci liabuerint ex iis quae ipsi de
locis

num

singulis

disputent,

terpretibus graecis nos ita

dicendum est in semper versatos

afFerendis inesse, ut ubi-

cunque eos non nominaverimus, niliil in iis reperierimus unde coniecturam capere liceret de lectione quam ipsi Denique quod diximus in praeante oculos liabuerint. fatione partis prioris (p. IX): scliolia inedita quibus ille (Brandis) usus est relegere noluimus", id plures eorum qui de hoc libro iudicium fecerunt male intellexerunt: namque hoc ita certe accipi noluimus, ac si scholia neque edita neque inedita integra relegerimus imo edita omnia pertractavimus, quamquam non nisi unum aut duos locos in iis invenimus unde aliquid elici potuerit quod alicuius momenti esset ad Aristotelem sive explicandum sive emendandum: qua de re facile sibi persuadebunt qui et commentarios nostros perlustrare et interpretes grae,

cos integros relegere velint.

diligentiae laudem,

Quae quum
in

ita

sint,

exi-

scholiorum collectionem miae solum non imminuinon contulimus, factam Brandisio a mus, sed alta voce repetimus. Cui quidem coUectioni num idem pretium statuendum sit in iis quae non ad Or-

quam

ganum, sed ad
cent
alii:

alia Aristotelis

scripta pertinent, diiudi-

nos certe de ea collectione sola locuti sumus qua scripta logica Aristotelis explicantur. Quod vero schousus est non retractavimus, lia inedita quibus Brandis id vellemus non negligentiae nostrae sed temporum angustiis tributum esset, quod quum a nobis non ita ex-

pressum

esset

in praefatione priori, ut

nostram

ipsi di-

PRAEFATIO.
ligentiam laudantes
aliis

VII

mus, a
dolemus.

viris

doctissimis

de voluntate nostra persuaderenon animadversum esse valde

iis

I)e libro universo

in

non habeo quod adiiciam

exposita sunt:

quae
in

Prooemio

partis prioris

nam quam

explicando Aristotele rationem ingressi sumus, eandem Quamquam enim vir etiam in hac parte observavimus. iudicavit (Berl. Litita opera doctissimus qui de nostra viribus magis connostris terar.-Ztg. 1845. no. 49), ut brevitatem qua usi simus fid^e videatur quam ipsi nobis, reprehendendam putavit, tamen explanationem prolixio,

non ausi sumus: namque, quum nihil admiserimus quod ita dictum esset, ut breviore eoque obscuriore sermone usi dissimularemus quod non satis intelligeremus, nobis certe facile erat copiosius exponere quae brevius diximus, sed veriti, ne, si fusius explanaremus quod facilius esset ad intelligendum, ipsi videremur iegentes admonere, ut quaedam eorum quae scripsimus non lecta transirent, nos cohibuimus; scilicet semper id egimus ut, quo quid difficilius esset et brevius dictum ab

rem

facere

Aristotele, eo copiosius et accuratius exponeretur,

quam-

omni lased ita ut quantum quidem in bore liberare vellemus nobis esset iis suppeditaremus quae reconditiorem quanita,

quam non

ut eos qui Aristotelem l.egerent

,

dam et sermonis et doctrinae cognitionem requirerent. Est autem modus quidam tenendus in exponenda argumentatione philosophica, qui si exceditur, per ipsam explicationis longitudinem res fit obscurior. Hos igitur fines
in explicando Aristotele servare studuimus,

quod si nobis quod praestitimus minore laude dignum sit quam ea quam in nos contulerunt qui de prima huius operis parte adhuc iudicaverunt id quod in hoc opere conficiendo maxime propositum erat bene procescontigerit,

etiam

si

sisse nobis

persuadebimus.

Restat, ut indlceraus quibus locis a lectione quani Beklierus recepit

recessimus et quae

mus.

a Brandisio collectis emendanda censeaquidem ipso omnia quae correximus his locis reperiuntur; 71a20 24 et31, 72b32, 73bl4et36, 74a27, 75b34, 76b35, 77 b 18, 20, 26 et 28, 78 b 2, 79 a 12, b 17 ct 21,
in Scholiis

Ac

in Aristotele

VIII

PRAEFATIO.
,

80a3, 18 et 40, 81alO, 29 et b2l (Lis) 82al(>, 81, bU et 12, 83b2+, 84bll, lfiet26, 85bl4, 86al0, 37, b2 et 22, 87al9 et 2l' 88al, 10, 16, 21 et b22, 89al2, 23, 37 ct b6, 90bl0 et 12, 91a24 et b31, 92a8, 20, b8, 9, 21 et 33, 93a4, 6, 36 et 37, 94a22 et b6, 95b25et40, 96a3, 97bll et 32, 98al, 2 et'21^
100 b 18
et 37, 10.) a 6, 9, 22, 37,

108 al, 2, 111 a 10, 14, 31, b7, 14et31, 112 a 21, 113blet31, 114 a 4, 29(bi8), 30, 36, bl et 37, Il5a2, bl6 et26, 117a5, 17, 25, b6, 7, 17 et 25^ 118 b 14, 119al7sq.,

28, 101 b 9, 14 et 33, 102 a 33 bl2 et 24, 106 a 5, 16 21 et 29, 109 al et b 7,

et

et et

36, 103 b 18, 104 a 28 b26, 107 a 37 et bU,

120a35, 121a36
28, 125b35, 126a32 b 15 (bis), 136 a 15, 21, b6 140 a 19, 31
et 12,

sq.,

et

122b33, 123a23, b32 et 35, 124al7, blO et b20, 127bl0, 128a31, b27et33, 129a28,

et 36, 133b5, 134b8, 135b4, 5, 18 et 24, 138 b 4 et 32, 139 b 20, et b23, 141 b 11 et 15, 142 a 20, b5 et 19. 143 a 15, 33 et b30, 145bl6, 146 al7 et b 30 , 147 a9, b6 et 10, 148 a21 et b36, 149 a 30 (bis), b2 et 17 (bis), 150a4, 12, 14, b3, 4, 36, 151a2, 3, ll,35etb32, 152b30, 153al6,

130a27, b9, 132a28

154 a 17 et b29, 155 a 10 et b30, 156 a 10, 29et38, 157a21et25, 158 a 11, 19, 23 et b20, 160 a 36 sq., b3, 8, 10 et 24, 161 a 8 et b23, 162 a 14, 24, 32, b2, 4, 7 (bis) et 17, 163a9, 2-3, b4, 5 ct 25, 164a 11 15, b5, Titiil., 165a2, 28, 167a6, 25 et b28, 168a28 (bis) b24sq., 34, 17 et 19, 16f{a26
,

169 a 2, 7, 31, 33, 170 a2, ma22, 24, 30, b9, 172 a2, bl9 et 26, 173b9, 28 et 35, 174 a 26, b29 et 36, 175 a 20, 37, b 5, 8, 176a27sq., b 10, 18, 20 (bis), 24, 177 a 14, 28, b4, 10 et 30, 178 a 2, b20 et 36, 119 a 7, 17, bl5et22, 180al2sq., b25, 181 al6, 21, 25, 182 al, 15, 22, b24 sq., 183a20,

b25

et 28.

Quae in scholiis nobis Tidentur emendanda haec sunt: eortv, 203a3xara: nozl Sliar], 204 b 42 xaO^oiot; avro 199 a26 dlloc 201 a 25 leg. tl 6\ (i^q et 2(Mib47 nal nqmTOv Aristotclis verba sunt.

ffdfirjfifv.

202 a 33
1)

alt to] tov.

Ssmg,

ib.

9 xa)

yctl

iSiax; icp' fx.

206 b 7 lcgenduin putaverim ivIb. ts. 19 aut lefifQiy.ov vnoK.

gendum
Ib,

est toiJto o (coll. Aristot.

74a24)

aut

33 lconXev^fp legendum essc patet e vs. 208 a 39 leKcndum videtur rovro (ro av/infqcia/.i(x)

delendum tovto za. 34 et ex Aristot. 74a34.

ft>)

ccvccyKtjg.

209b33 post TSTgdycovov aut addendum aut certe mente intclligendum Ib. bl6 et 2lOa2 legcndum est ngog zrv tqIest To dno Ttjg ngcoTrjg.
TTjv
:

nam idem
:
:

recte expressum est a Philopono 209 b 47.

b,

Etenim
ut
:

si

posit

nimus a X

X y y:

consequitur x

y^a^b
3
:

y
:

V^

ab"^,

vcrum

a^:x'^; est enim a (a6-)^ a^ (a^b)*. quod Philoponus dicit a:y Scholion quod hoc loco ex Philo210 a 11 pro ^y legendum est yri'. pono dedit Brandis non integrum esse apparet quare, ut res de qua hlc

PRAEFATIO.
agitur nielius intelligatur,
Venet. 1504
fol.

IX

eundem locum
hic inscrimus.

qualis est in ed Philoponi Ald.

p.

59

sq.

^vo

So&stCc5v v&i(ov aviecov 8vo fitaag dvaXoyovs ivgnv. sazaaav

a|3' /3y'

de al do&flaat 8vo tvd-Hai uvtaot al

xai yitio^toaav mazs oq&^v

ymviav ns^tfx^'-''' ^^^ vno a^y. nat av(i7iB7ilr]q(6a&co ro 8 nagaXXrjXoygafifiov xai Stdfiitgos avrov ijx&eo ^ ay xai nsgl xo ayS rglycovov
ysygdcp&co ijftixvxhov (>J|UixvxAoi>s Ald.)

^a

-nal

y'

sn

tv&siag Hard rd

^'

ri

xat ins^svx&co

t6 aSsy' xal h^sXi]C&cocav al ^rj' Sid tou 8 >y

CTjftsiov ouTOJS mazs rriv ^8' i'cr}v sivai ry st]'. tovzo Ss cog aizrjfiu Xafisnsl ^s' tj Srf i'Gr] saziv. dvszat dvanoSsi-nzov. cpavsgov 8^ ozi KUi ovv Kvy.Xov Tov aSy' stXrjnzat arjfisiov IxTOg t6 g , "o ^^ ^*''" S ^^"
irj

^' ^s' ngocninzovcai zsfivovai zbv kvxXov xazd zd a' 8 cr]dga vn6 zcov j3J' ga' icov icTi, tm vn^ xmv s^ ^S'. 8id xd avzd Sf] xt t6 vtto zcav r]' r\y icov sazl tcJ vno zmv 8r]' r]s' i'aov 8s t6 vno Tcov St]' r]s' tco vno tcov f^ J5' tcat ydg slatv s-nazsga saazsgcc, xal t6 vno tcov ^' ga' aa l'aov sCTt 81 ^S' zfj srf rj fisv ^s' Tfj Srf, 77 Tcp vwo Tcav r]' T\y' scxiv dga cJs J? 0' 6s Tf]V r]' ij rjy' ngog Tr]V Sy dXX' cog jj 0' ngog Tf]v t]' ovTmg rj ts ^a' ng6g xqv aS' xai ga'. ngog t^v yr]' Std ttjv ofiotOTr^Ta tcSv Tgiycovav. iar] Ss q fisv 8y' Trj ap, Ss aS' T^fj y' xai cos aa / a^' ngog Trjv yr]', ovzmg 77 ^a' jr6s tjjv rjv Ss Kal cog 77 0' ngog Tf]v r]', zovzsCTtv 77 a' ngog Tfjv r]y' 77 a8'. aai cog aga 77 aj3' ngog Tiqv 7]y' ovTmg rj ts r]y' ngog J7y' ngog t^v ^a'. ^a' Trgos Tf]v y'. al Tsacagsg dga tv&stat a'i a' rjy ^u Tf]V ^a' xai

sv9sTat

ttl

ftfia,

z6

/7

77

y' scps^fjg

dvdXoyov
Tfjg

sici

xai 8id tovto

sazai cog

ovzmg

dno
77
.

a' y.vog
t]'
1

ng6g t6v dno x^g

r]y' .

vnoTS&sir]

a' t^s

fCTat xai o ajro t^s

|3'

ngog zf]v y ovv StnXacimv xiS^os SinXaaimv tou

77

a^

sl

dno

T-fjg

rjy
iis

x
trns

quae

initio
sit

huius scholii

hahuimus figura qua haec argu-

Recte eam expressit PeCathena in libro cui titulus est ,,Univer8a loca in Logicam Aristotelis in mathematicas disciplinas hoc novum opus declarat. Venet. 1556" Argumentatio ipsa autem sic procedit: p. 61. t^.^8 t.ia
mentatio illustranda
describi facile poterit.

r].riyz=Sr].r]s-=st.l8

S.^a=n.ny
t:n ^:n

= r]y'^<^ = ^a:a8-=Sy:r]y
(i')

(est

enim
I)

j^tV^ A^ttS<\) /^^Syr})

a:r]y=^n:aST=0:r]
:

(est

enim a

= 8y}

7?y:ga=^f3:^7? (v.

Apparet autem ex iis ad). a^ 777 ga y (est enim y 777 ^a quae modo diximus praeter ea quae iam correximus Schol. 210 a 10 legendum esse dviaai, ib. vs. 11 verba tan ? 8s' Tfj a' aut delenda esse aut, si pro 8s' scribatur Sy, alio loco collocanda. Denique vs. 20 pro
: :

yrj'

At etiam

ngog znv a^ scribendum est 5/ 7rg6s Tf]v r]y' xai 77 ^a' 3rg6s ttjv aS' si haec omnia corrigantur, tamen argumentationem sine ordine

X
expositam esse faciie

PRAEFATIO.

intelligitur. 210b46 aut delendum -videtur rots aut post Tolg xrera avfi^f^rjyios addendum tuvtov. 211a21 oi;] tov coll. T8. sq. et 210b47. 218b35 leg. Sia tov ngcoTov nal Sia toiT 224b 12 SsvTigov To tqlTov. 15 y'J 8'. 227a4(i \eg. loyiv.(ov tni-

b 1 et 7 leg. videtur ^irqcoTOv". 231 a 29 coni. dnoIb. vs. 40 scrib. puto ori to'5s toSs tOTL xal ort toSs TaSs. dfixTai. 231 b 34 post aqa comma ponendum. 233 b 41 iq)' oaov 23(a47 sq. evatoixcov. 239 al ivSexofisvov fiivrot fii] flvai. 240 a 21 {jyovv, quod etiam habet Riccard. chart. fol. 10 quem descripsimus I. p. 24. 241 a 5 Jtfol TovTo. Ib. bl leg. ^fjrflv. Ib. 8 alt. rj] tos. 242 b 22
XeigrifKXTWv.
2^10

243 a 29 t6v oqov] ror olov coni. 244 a tov cvXloyiafiov. Ib. \s. 10 leg. nfqiixovcav Trjv HutTova \el siraile quid. Ib. vs. 48 dvaXoyiav opinor. 245a3() ot;] ow247 a 20 leg. yfv6fj.fvov. Tcoe coni. Ib. bll liyvvmSri, quod praebent Prodrom. et paraphr. Ricc. Ib. vs. 33 leg. videtur dvTL roi; ,,Ta
leg. d oqiafiog

leg. videtur 6qiC(j.ovg.

y.a&6Xov

S'

avayxato;" yfyquq)d^ai

tcc x.

Sl

Quae leguntur 248 b 35 delocus

pravata esse apparet,

quamquam quomodo
ei

emendandus

quum

non assequar quae sentcntia

f/.

videtur particula

subesse dcbeat.
dXXiiXcov.

sit

nescio,

249al5 delenda
Ib.

Ib.

vs.

44

coni.

TO aiTiov.

251 b 2 scrib. inaycoyijg

et vs.

Tu Xoina opinor. Ib. b45 avTo. fort. leg. vndqxovTog coll. vs. 45.
XixmTdTovg
coll. Aristot.

3 tnaycoyfj.

b2

snfTai

25()a32 tu]

118 b 37.

119 a 12. Ib. vs. 24 tTi fx tov coII. Aristot. 278 b 41 dT^ficov. 279 al7 fort. tcHv tlqrjfxivcov. 283bl0 285 a 15 scTaL. iativ'] icTLv inioTfjfiov icTLv. Ib. vs. 42 nqociQr}288 b 8 fort. leg. sl S' ovv, Tsac. av elfv fidXLCTa. Ib. vs. 11 xav. 290b43 dvaanfvdcaL arTOT'] avacxfvaCTLHov. 291a26del. del. OTt. 293 a 45 fiiu et b9 nXfvqu. 294 a 10 o t iqcoTcov. Nam To uTonov. quae praecedunt tins ydq tqyov sIvul tov v.aXwg dnov.qivofiivov non cum his coniungcnda sunt , sed cxplicant Aristotelis verba quae in ipso contextu praecesserunt to fLrjSlv Sl uvtov Tracj;? tv 160 a 12 coll. 159a21 Ib. b34 nqoe294 a 16 leg. aacfic^g coll. Aristot. 160 a 33. et 32. 301 a48 Toig Sval'] tm SsvTiqai coni. Quae quidem mutatio d-icscog.

262 b43 XtnTocpvXlov. 264 a 37 271bl4 del. fir;. 276 b 4 ku&o-

quam
803bl
34, 48,

levis

sit

inde apparet,
'

quod

saepissime littera
ntql]

significantur.
coni. coll. vs.

et

ra Svo

et t6

Ssvztqov in codd.
opinor.

Ib.

naqu

bl

174 a 37.
stot.

et

5 305 b 11 ntql] nuqa.

jj

sq.

b33 avTOvg] uvtol 304a9 evfi^i^rjyifv.

fiij

Ib. 19,

308 b 46

fort. del. coll. Aristot.

316a2

Tdvayqa
27 toutco,

coll. Incert. auct.

paraphr. soph. elench.

orjfiaivtLV coll.

ed. Spengel.

Monach. 1842.

182 a25.

p. 117, 4.

319 b 12 177 a37.

a.

Ari-

Ib.

v. Aristot.

Scrib.

Marburgi

d. II.

m. lanuarii

MDCCCXLVI.

,M

CORRIGENDA.
Praeter ea quae in Praefatione Partis
et 330. not.
,

J.

p.

in Praefatione Partis II. init.

et in

XXIV. not., J. p. 297. not. Gomm. ad 170b23 cor-

rigenda notavimus, emendanda sunt haec:

I.

p. 281. vs. 32. p. 291. vs. 33. p.

pro 4 scribe 24. pro x^taxgoTTjza

scr.

Y^iGxqoTTjta.

317. vs. 25. pro 89 a 9 scr. 89 b 9.

p. 371. vs. 22.

p. 464. vs. 1.
p. 499.

pro rt s^ uvuY^rjS scr. t| dvdyKrig

scr.

ti.

pro 69b38
pro 67
scr.

68b38.
scr. syllogismis

vs. 26.

pro syllogismis

secundae figurae.

p. 509. vs. 5.

b7.

n,
a6a
:ta6(3v'
'

ANAAYTIKON YSTEPQN

A.

..

ed.Bkk.

6ida67iaXici nal JtaOa iia&r]6ig diavoTjUZfj t% JtQOv-

p.

^taQxov^rjg yivstai yv(o6tG)g. cpaveQov 6t tovro d^C3Q0v6iv i:tl

ai' rt yaQ ^a%^iq\.iariVMl Tav i:ti6riq[i&v di tovtov Tov TQon^ov TtaQayivovTai y.al T(dv aXlaiV hia6TYi Ttyv^v. o^ioiojg de Ttal :tEQl tovg Xoyovg oi' Te 6ia 6vXXoyi6^i(3v "iial 01 6i ijfayayfjg d^icpoteQOi yaQ 6ia :tQoyivco6yM^evGW :toi-

ovvTai

TYiv

6i6a6xaXiav, ol

^ttv

Xa^i^dvovTeg ojg naQcc ^vviev-

TG)v, ol 6e

6ei%vvvTeg t6 y.a&oXov 6id tov 6rjXov elvai to x0''

cog 6'

eKa6T0V.

avTCjg Kal ol qy^toqixoI 6v^iJteLd^ov6iv

'

ij

yaQ

6id :taQa6eiy^idTG)v,

o i6Tiv ijtaycmy)]^
6ix,(3g

rj

6l ivd^v^irjiiaTGJV^io

orteQ i6Tl 6vXXoyi6^i6g.

6'

dvayKalov rtQoyiv^D^Keiv

Td

^iev

yaQ.,

OTL t6Ti, rtQOVJtoXa^i^dveiv dvayxalov,

td

6e,

r/ To Xey6\iev6v i6Ti,

^vvievai

6ei,

6'

d^cpG),

oiov otl

Hev aTtav
ycovov,
^iaiveL
i^ftir.

rj (prj6aL rj

d:tocpfj6aL dXiq^eg,
,

otl e6ti, to 6e tqld^LcpG)

,

OTL To6i 6ri\iaiveL

t^v 6e ^ovd6a
ofio/cag

y,a\ tl 6rj- is

yal otl e6Tiv

'

ov ydQ

tovtcov e%a6Tov 6rlXov

e6TL 6e yvcoQi^tLV ra ^Lev JtQOTeQov yvoQi^ovTa, t(dv 6e

Codices

^BC

aut

(C

ubi recentior)

/>,

Mn, d
initio

ubi scriptura

antiquior {cuf quibusdam locis,

Tit.

F ab

et

lib. I).

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ANAATTJKSIN
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35

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10
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ANAATTIKSIN

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a6vvaT0V :tXtiovg tivai ^iidg iv dnavti 6vXXoyL6^ico. t6TO yaQ ^Lt]6tvi v:tdQyov t(j A icp o6o)v to B, toj 6t v:tdQyov :tavTi to B. dv 6ri 6ii^ :tdXLV av^tiv d^icpOTioag Tag

3rQ0T(Y(Jf tg,

^i6ov
to

i^il^XrjTiov.

tov

fttr

AB

t6Tco to

A, tov 6e
to 6t

BFto

E.

^itv 6t]

cpavtQov otl yaTrjyoQiy6v ,

33 'lezai D. 34 Kvtoav om n. 36 vjtdgj^ti np. 37 co8b] o8s Dnp, Si ABMcdfu. 39 t(ov] rrjg Bdu, pr Ac. 8Bb2 6y.o!(0i .rw e] vnaqxsi D. Sh ABDMcufd. fxv " vnaqxfi .zm 8 om A. 4 iyiflvo Sslhvvtki d. 8 Sbikvvtul n. 11 Tcav om D. ylvBa&ai nM. 12 8st] Sq n. 14 ysvsad^cci d. 16 nT]&svl D. 17 TM pr B. 8^ corr c, 8e p, 8st ABduM.

. .

42
20

ANAATTIKSIN
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Tov
To
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tov dt OttQr^tiKOV ijrl T^ccttQa OttQYitiKov avayyMiOv tivai.,a6tt

aikrj ^iia toiavtrj yivttai jtQcnaGig.,
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ti drj
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m
29
oiov
'tOtcj

ANAATTIKSIN

vai Toig a:tode8iiYiiivoig.

Orjimov dt 'ital voihov^ otav ta dimvv^fiVa 6i avtav Iv tavta yivH 03(Jt %a\ Ovyytvi].

nidovg
Tow
to

6' djtodtii^tig tivai

tov avtov tyyoQtl ov ^uivov

^irj

6 Ix, trjg

aihfjg dvGtoiyiag ?M^ipavovtt

to 6vvty}g iiioov,
ii,ttiqag.
^

AB
v.a\

to

y.al
^

v.a\

Z, dXka %a\

olov

A
,

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d' ^qp' ol z/ v.ivtiO^d^ai

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to VLVov^itvov ^itta^dXXti.

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tov
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tttQcov ^ii^avvaL

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ladittQOV y.ata ^irjSttiQov Xiyt6daL toiv ^ii^ojv

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30
20

Tov
oikt yaQ
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dXXd to JtaQa tavta yLVo^itvov rj 6' djtvdti^Lg &aJtdg yaQ 6vXXoyi6[i6g rj 6l dvayv.aiow fj 8id tav cog ijtl ro jtoXv 7tQOtd6tcov y.ai tl \.itv al jtQOtdtiQOV
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tl

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30

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ijt\

v.al

ddvvatov ai6d^dvt6d^aL oi) yaQ t66t oi'6i vvv oi' yaQ dv r^v v.a%6Xov' to yaQ dti vcii Jtavtayov v.a^&oXov cpa^iiv tLvat. ijtt\ ovv al uiv djfo^ti^tig y.a&6Xov, tavta 6' ovK 't6tiv ai6&dvt6d^ai., cpavtQov otLOi'6' ijtL6ta6d^ai 6l ai6d^rj35 6tGjg 't6tLV. dXXd 6^Xov otL v.a\ tl rp al6%^dvt6%fai to tQiJtd6iv
'

3 rovTO

20ov6Fc6g Ad. ovS' iitlM, 25 alt to om D, rotovT inl d. 24 ccvayiialov] toiovtov D26 jUJJ^O^' (6g dvayy.alov D. ovtov^ waavTCog D. to om A. 29 77 om D. 28 pr Tj pr om d. alt r,] sl d. rot. .ovSf n. 32 av om Ad. pr n. 31 ov8\v vvv pr n. to] ov] ov8e Df.

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TSTEPSIN
Yfovov

A.

45
l^rjTOV^iV V

mi 8v6\v
yaQ

OQd^aXq i6ag tyu xaq ycoviag^

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p.

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iv,

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88

tov

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iz

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r^

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vorj6tG)g, o6cdv tttQOv to

aitiov

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tcov ^tQCjjtcjv dXXog Xoyog.

fpavtoov ovvoti ddvvatov rrJ ai6&dvt6&ai i:Ti6ta6d^ai ti

t(3v d^Todtiy.tGiv ,
ti ^rj tig

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I' it^rfovutv.,
iy.

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y.aiti,
ircl

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icp

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32
20

oi ^tv ydo dXrjd^tTg ti6l TCi)v 6v/.Xoyi6^iav ol 6t ilJtv^tig. y.al yaQ t6Tiv aXrjd^tg iz il^tvdojv 6vXXoyi6a6d^ai^ dXX' d:ta^ tovto yiv6^itvoVj oiov ti To A y.aTa tov dXrjd^ig, to 6t ^tt6ov to B tbtv.,

d6vvaTov, ^tQonov ^iv Xoyiyag ^tG)Qov6iv.

36 oq&atv n. 37 cog np pr J)frivig (pctGLV np. inierapr df, av iJTnardLtf^a corr c, ^ rjniGTafifd-a corr d. 38 tm] pr li. TO rc n. om /i, TO 39 (l pr n. 40 alt t^v om np. 88al ata&ttvofif&a p, or<] ort vvv Dp , rc c, dtdrt vvv n. 4 ei'xo(xtv corr n, iicofifv D. 6 r^g atad-rjcscos np. 7 roJv voijGitov n. Offov p. ocoi' atriov ro atriov A, pr BA, fort pr u. ixiq&v M. t6 atrtov om M. 9 ro pr B. 10 aTtoSsixTixcSv ABDcdup. f/ corr n, pr ro om np. 13 t6 pr B. 14 f;joTfs om d. vaXov n, vtHov M. 15 itrjv dM, pr AB, ftrj u. 16 Kaiii corrBDc, xai dfl pr />, v.ttl nM , pr d, Kal A fort pr B. t6] Sttt t6 npfM et c qui Stoc corr. 17 inl om n. 18 ilvai om d. 20 Xoyiap.mv A. xay u, corr AB. yccq] yaq tl np, om D. 21 yivtxtti Dnp.
,

pf9aB,

46
6og
25

ANAATTIKSIN
oike fag ro A Ta} B vTtaQyH ovte to B toj ^tOa Xa^i^dvrjraL tblv irQord6tC3V,
l^ dXrj^ow,
il^tvdr]
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aXX

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rd

d' dXr^xfi]

trtQa dt rd

ij^evdrj

nal

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30

row aihcov tavroig' t6ri yaQ ^tvdr^ d?^Xr'iXoig VMi Ivavria 'nal ddvvara d\xa tivai, olov ro rr^v diyMioOvvrjv tivai ddimav rj dtiXiav., Tcal rov dvd^Qoi^tov i'3T:Tov rj^ovv^ rj ro i'6ov ^itl^ov y tXarrov. ix dt rmv 'nti^itvav cadf ovdt ydQ rolv dXriifoyv al avral dQyal jrdvrojv. trtQai yaQ jroXXorv rol yivti ai aQyai^ vmi ovd' tcpaQ^i6rrov6ai.i
tlra

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dXX' ot^de toIv Tioivdjv dQy/ov oiov r

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al

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ti

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ri

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:tXrjV otL ti6\v

LarQiv^g,

dv

tfrj

to Xty6^tvov dXXo
|

dQya\ tcov i:tL6trjuG)V ; to 6i tdg avrag cpd-

vai ytXoLOV., orL aiha\ avraig al avrai' Ttdvra yaQ ovroi

15

yivtrai ravrd.

dXXd

^irjv

ov6e to i^ djfdvtoav dtiiivv6d^aL

26

ipivSfg fM. 25 cvfi^i^aovtai D. TM Y pr D. 27 havrmv AMn, pr Bc. a^VTOig D. 28 xort icpaq31 ov n. 32 al om n. alXriloig D. 29 ri] xai M. 37 anav D. 35 loco D. (i6tTOv6iv Dn, iq^aqfiOTTOVGnv p. 3 stt ydq al M. 5 ^ lafi^avofiivov pr n. 88bl olov om n. 9 slvui ij Tisnfqaafiivag D, pr c. 11 Xsysi t\i^ttlXofiivov d.

23

Tc3 ^]

alt

ra om

d.

et 12 aTSs Dn. d superscr. ort om D. aTSs D. ABdcupf, 13 Toaavrag A. 14 avtai n, avzciiu. savzalg Dn, avTalgpM. 15 yiyvsxat n. tavxa uM.
Xsyrj

11

TZTEPSIN
OT lovv^

A.

41f

TOiV
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ovrt yaQ

h xolg cpavEQOig ^iad^/juaOitovto

'

ytvttai,

^v tfj

dvaXvGti dvvcctov

al yciQ autOoi :rQO-

TaGtig (XQyai^

tttQOV 6t 6vu:TiQa6ua :rQo6Xrjrp^ti6rjg yivitl

tai :rQot(x6tcog dui6ov.

dt Xiyoi tig tdg itQcnag

dui6ovg
tl

20

jtQOtd^tig tavtag tlvai dQycig., ^iia iv ty.d^ro) yivti i6tiv. 6i

Lir^t

t d:Ta6c3vcog diov 6tiKvv6T^ai otiovv

fi^6'

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gag

o7(5i)^'

h^d6trjg

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tivai tttQag.^
ly,

Xti:TttaL ti 6i7ycCtv

ytvtJg al aQycu rcdvtow.,

tcavdl tadi.

dXX'

tciw6\

tadi

cpavEQov de

Ttal

tovd"' otL

ov%

ivdiyttai

'

didn-

25

XTKi

yaQ otL dXXai dQyal tci) yivH ti6}v al Tolii' diacpoQov TfJ yivti. al yaQ dQyal dittai., l^ chv tt y.a\ jttQl o' al fitv ovv t| 03 'xoivai, al 6t fltQL o i'6iai, oiov aQid^^iog,
1'

^iytd^og.

To
do|*^g,
d'

6' ijtL6ttjt6v oial trtL6tt^urj

6iacpiQH tov 6o^a6tov Kal

v.cii

33

oTt

^itv

i:Ti6ttjurj y.ad^oXov

6l dvayyaiov., to 31

dvayv.dxov

ovv

iv6iyttai dXXojg tytiv.

v.ai

t6tL 6i tiva dXrjd^ij

^itv

vcd oi'T, tv6ty6utva 6t

otL :TtQ\

utv tavta

dXXcog tytiv
Xiyot

tytiv. 6ijXov ovv ovx t6tLV' tirj yaQ dv d6vvata td 6vvata dXXog tytiv. dXXd ^irjv ov6t vovg' ^
i:Ti6trjurj

dXXag

yaQ vovv ciQyrjv ini6trjurjg. ov6' t:Ti6trjurj dva:T66tiy.tog'

6'

tovto
l6ti

i6t\v vJToXri^ig trjg

v.cd
i:Ti6tt'jur] v.aL

dui6ov
66^a

rtQotd6totg.

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vovg

v.a\

to 6id toitoji' Xtyo- p.S9

rj

^itvov' c7t6tt Xti:TttaL 66^av tivai :TtQi to dXrjd^tg iitv

tfog,
Xrjr})ig

il^tv-

iv6ty6utvov 6t
ttjg
6' oirtcj
r]

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tt

6' i6t\v

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cpv6ig
i^

v.ai

dvayxaiag.
rj

y.a\ o^io-

Xoyov^Ltvov
^ULOV, vai

toig cpaivo^iivoig'
toiaiTtrj.

ydo 66^a d^itytiv.,

JTQog 6i tovtoig ov6t\g oi't-

taL 6o^d^tiv., otav oirjtaL d6vvatov dXXoig

AA' i:tiv.ai

6ta6d^aL

'

dXX' citav tivaL ^Ltv ovtoig,

ov

^irjv

dXXd

dXXcog

16 rovzmv ABMu, fort pr d, tovtcov t c. 19 81] Ss ti Bu. 20 TtqOTuafiq dfiiaovs D. 21 ras ctvraq f. tlvcii raq aqxuq D, ilvui il dgziis d. 22 fi7]Q'' ovzcog DM. 23 maS'' corr n. t[\ Ti il yaq D. 24 TwvSe d. 26 yaq om dM. aXlai al dqxaX D. al orn D. 27 o] ov ABMduf. 28 oj ov AcpM, pr rf, o (sic u. Uioi n, hiqai D. otov] coq D. 29 fisyi^ovg ABDdpcfnM. 30 Kai 5 iniaTr^fiTj n. 33 alt nal om D. 34 ftlv om Dn. 35 alt akXcog fjjf tv om D. 36 ydq] Se n. 37 Tr^g om n. dlT]9rj D. 89al^To] Tu icD, qui pr om. Xfyofisva D. ^Xsinsrai} hTcci D. fiBv fj] TS xal corr n. ipsvSig D. 6 ov^&fis D.

48

ANAATTIKSIN

ov6\v v.GiXvHV^ Torf 6o^a^tiv^(i)q vov \.i\v toiovtov do^av ov6av, rov d' dvayvaiov tJtiOTrj^irii'. IJcog ovv tOri ro avro 6o^d6ai v.a\ Ijti6ra6^ai^ vm\ 6ia ri ovv t6rai r^ 66^a i:ri6rri^irj^ tl' rig d^i^6ti aitav 6 oi8tv h6iit6\)ai 6o$d^tiv; dy.oXovdri6ti ydg 6 ^ilv ti6(Dg 6 6t 6o^d^G)V 6id rorv ftfWjr,
15

torg

tig

rd d^it6a

tXd^i^,

oj6r

tiJttQ

ivtivog oi6t^ voi 6 6o^dt^orv oi6tv.

0i6jrtQ

yaQ Kal ro on
rj

doid^tiv
oikorg
tytiv

(>Tr,

va\ to 6i6ri

toi^to 6t to iii6ov.

ti y.tv

vjtoXr'jil)trai

rd

^irj

iv^tioutva

dXXorg tytiv or6JttQ

rovg oQi^uovg 6i
'

drv al djto6ti'^tig^ oi'

,

6o$d6ti dXX' ijti-

6rr'i6trai
20 i^JtdQytiv

ti 6' dXri&fj ^ilv tivai

oi' ^iivroi
ti6og.,

ravrd yt
6o^d6ti
idv

avrol^g

var

ov6iav va\ v,ard ro

v.ai

v.at

ovv
6ia

ijti6rr'i6ttai

dXr^d^cog,

to OTt val to

dioTJ,

^itv

25

tdw d^ii6ow 6o^d6y' idv 6t ^irj 6id tciiiv f?jif(Jo3V, to oti tov 6' avtov 66^a VMi ijti6triurj ov jcdvtcag ^^iovov 6o^d6ti. dXX' co6JttQ v.a\ 'il)tv6iqg va\ dXrj^&rjg tov avtov tQ6i6tiv.i Jtov tivd., oika xt ijti6trj^rj v.a\ 66^a toi} ai'tov. va\ ydQ 66^av dXrfd^ri va\ il)tv6fj ojg ^iiv tivtg Xiyov6i tov aihov dtoita 6v^i^aivti a\Qti6\tai dXXa te va\ ^rj 6oidtivai., ijtt\ 6t to aiho JtXtovayoig Xiyt^tiv o 6o^c'i^ti il)tv6cog. t6 ^itv yaQ rai, t6ri ^itv (Dg iv6iytrai., 't6ri 6' oig ov.
tivai
trjv

80 6vi^iLittQ0v

6icc^ttQov dXrjd^org ^o^d^tiv dtojtov

jtto\
oi^toj tov vatd tov X6yov ov to avt6. vai 66^a tov avvov. rj ^itv yaQ
rjv

dXX' oti

rj

6icaittoog.,

al 66^ai^ t6 i'to',

avtov, to 6t
o^ioiorg

Tt rjv tivai tvatiQcp

ijti6tr'iurj

6t %a\

ovtcog tov ^ojou aOtt

35

jt}

iv6iyt6d^ai
[itv ojttQ

^irj

tivai ^cjjov,
i6tiv.,

rj ij

6* 6'

a6t' ivdiyt^d^ai.
dvd^Qajfov
%^QO}Jtog
,

olov

tl

dv^QOiJtov

f/tV,

6' dvd^QoiJtov. fi^ oJttQ

to avto ydq

on

av-

To

6'

mg ov to avr6.

post do^d^siv spatium relictum est plus 9 v.(okvii CdMp, corr n. 13 axo12 fCT/v Dc. unius vs d, So^ii^Qtiv, H, qui coci tov corr. 16 So^usX&ot M. 14 to; (isgcc pr n. Xov&ovei ABcdfuMnp. ov H. ^ al om D. 18 f';tti ABDcdfnpu. .Stori rc mg n. ^fiv 21 alt to om n. 20 vndqxei M. 19 vndqxfiv avrolg D. do^desi Df. 23 So22 do^dai] d(i8acov rc mg n. (isv corr n.

tpsvSflg nal nlriQ-sls B. ^dar] A, corr p. 28 snst corr n sig^aQ-ai cp, corr An, igsla&at duM.

'^

27 uronov ABDduM.

29 pr
ui

(isv

om BcdM

et

32 SHdTtqa M. 36 5'] Ss Tov D.

pr Aun. ov]

rj

30 uav(i(iSTqov pr ABu. 33 8s om D. M.

31 iSo^ats 35 raW]

al

oog

D. D.

TSTEPSIN
fDavtQov
d* Iz
y.al t^riOraOd^ai

A. B.

40
cc^ia

tovT(ov ori ov6\ doitx^eiv

to avvo

ivdiyttai.
{ir^

aXXag tytiv %ai

iv aXXco ^ilv

a^a yag av AAojg to avto

'

tyoi v:t6Xiq^iv
ojttQ

tov

ovn

Ivdtyttai. b

tov avtov., ojg eieiei yao ijjtoXyjQYfai^ iv 6t TGJ avtoj ovd' ovtcng oiov te oiov otL 6 avd^QCDjfog ojreQ ^coov (tovto yaQ r^v to ipiv a^ia tovto yaQ 5 ft^ iv^eyeO^&ai eivai fi^ ^cZov) 'x.al fn} oneQ ^cjjov
yaQ hy.attQov
sivai Ivdiyetai
'

'

forca To lvdeye6d^ai.

Tci

6e

Xoi::ta

n^oig

Sel diavel^iaL

l:tL

te diavoiag oial
Cocpiag.,

vov y.ai i:ti6trjLirjg y.al teyvr^g y.al cpQOVi^Cemg oiaL ta ^iev cfvGiy.fjg ta 6e rjd^iyrjg d^eo^Qiag ^iaXXov iotiv.
'Jf 6' ayyivoid

iotiv

evOtoyia

irig

iv a0y.e:ttm XQOVO)

34

tov ^ieOov., oiov eitig l6(dv otL ^ GeXtjvrj to Xa^ijtQov chi eyeL ii ^Qog tov fjXiov, tayv ivev6)]6e 6id ti tovto, otL 6id to Xd^:teiv d:t6 tov ^Xiov r^ 6iaXey6^Levov :tXov6ici) eyvo) diort 6avei^etai jtdvta yaQ oti eyd^Qol tov avtov. 7] 6i6tL cpiXoL td aitia td ue6a 6 idcov td dyQa iyvcjQL6ev. to XcmjtQOV 15 eivai To TtQog tov r^Xiov icp ov A, to Xc^irteiv d:t6 tov r^Xiov
'

'

v:tdQyei 6rj tij ^Lev 6eX^vy tco ro B, toj 6e B t6 A , to :tQ6g tovt tov rjXiov eivaL To XaiiTtQov., dcp ov Xd^:teL' S6te v.aL to7 to A 6id Tov B.
jB,

6eXr]vri

to F.

F
V

To

Xd^L:rtiv d:t6

20

B.
Td
^ie&a.
i6tiv.

^rjtov^evd i6tLV

i'6a

t6v

^iO^ftoi^

o6a:teQ i:ti6tdei t(5Ti,

^rjtov^ev 6e tettaQcc, to

oti,
rj

to dtort,

rt
25

otav

jtf V

ydQ :t6teQov t66e

iy,Xei:tei

t66e ^r^tco^ev , eig aQL^'

&^ov

^evttg, oiov :t6ttQ0V

6 ^'2tog

or, to ort

t,r]~

89bl ro] ruvTO pr n. 2 BvSix^rai hy.dnqov bIvul D. focsrfg D. 3 ttvrca] ovtcaq ADdf, pr c. 4 d om Dn. 6 san D, saxaL corr A. 9 ficikXov rc mg n. 11 idwv] si8?v D. 12 ij/iiov Savsi^trai rc ubi j^auciora /. iv6r]as D. 14 cpdBl M. cptXoi. oxi u, (flXoi 7] OTi D, corr^. 15 alt ru om Dd. l7 /3] ^ t6 lafi-

ngov

nqog ror rjXiov n. ra] ro corr n. ro om nf. 18 a ro ^ n. t6 om M. 19 Xdfinov D. a om M. ^ corr n. Tit. avaXvriyiav varhqmv ro Ssvrsgovf, avaXvriKoiv Ssvtigoav SsvTsqov Fat 242.^24 si] ro si D, om n. t/] t6 t/ D. 25 nqoTsgov Ac. 7}] Tj M.
ttft

ix^iv

II

r,0

ANAATTIKSIN
6rj^lH0V 61 tOriTOV' tVQOVtEQ ycCQ OTl iKkeijtH rtTial

TOV^IEV.

itcciJ^itd^a'

tav

fc|

aQX^g

tidai^itv
oti.,

on
r^

tv.ltinti^

ov

^r^vov-

^itv :jt6rtQ0v.
30

otav 6t tida^tv to

to 6i6ti ^r^tov^itv., oiov

yr],

ti^ottg oti l%Xti:tti xt otL yAvtitai

rj

to dioTt

^v.)ytiitti

6i6ti yAVtltai '^r^tov^itv.

tavta
ti

^iiv

ovv ovtag,

tvia 6' aX-

XovTQortov ^rjtov^tv.1 olov

t6tiv

"^^iri

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'rj

to

6'

titOtiv
6t.

rj

^^

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dXX' ovKti XtVKog

y,rj. rj

yvovttg
35 Ti ^()Tiv

oti

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ti ^(jti ^r^tov^tv., olov ti

ovv

i6tl ^tog,

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id^tv.,

2
ti

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p.

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'

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ti

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avtov
i:tl

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r}

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rj

to

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,

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ti

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10
;

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rj

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q' iy,OTt t6tL

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jtr}

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r]

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.,

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ti

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ti
15

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rj

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otL

To i'to i6tL t6 ti i6tL yoL 6id ti

ti i6Tiv 'tKXtiil^Lg

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. .

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To s^ anlmg M. 2 })Oal t6] rj ro n. - 'Qrjvovnsv AIWdMu, pr c A sgtiv om r/. AMd et pr W, 7; il rc mp n. dM. 5 alt rj ovn d. 6 ij om D. f^ pr om n.

/llIv

idco^i^v

A.

31 et 34 ovv

om

cZ/V/.

29 ort zors t6 Dfn. d. 32 fI] 17' M. 38 ovav. ..oti, r} corr n.

om

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pr n. 1 1 firj d. ^ t6 nciTO. n. 12 filv'] fisaov dM. 13 ^" ^lcov yovv M. om n. 15 sariv om D. 14 sl] rj Ad.

TOv]

M, yvcovyi

d.

9 t/

pr sll iOXL Tt 8 t6 sgtiv ^rjTOV/itv om t6

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7]

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TZTEPSIN
t/ t6Tiv txXHtl^ig^
7j

B.

51

dia

Ti

loiXHrrH

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to

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vtl To

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tl Igti 6v{lti

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to ^aQV

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Tig

20

i6Tiv Iv aQid^^iolg 6 Xoyog

amav;

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Tov ^it6ov 1} ^tJTri^ig.^ drjXol o6g)v to ftyaQ ^ir) ij6d^rjuivoi., olov xrjg Iv.Xtitl 6' rj^itv ^.Tt T)jg ^tXtjvrjg., oir/, tlv l^rj-

25

Tovutv OVT ti yivtTca ovit 610. r/, aAA' a^ia drjXov rjv av. h, ytxQ Tov ai^^dt^^ai v.a\ rd vmx^oXov lyivtTO av rjulv tidiv.al yc(Q 6rjrj y.tv yao cd'6ifrj6ig oti vvv (xvTicpQCiTTti vai. Xov oTi vvv h.Xtintf iz 6t tovtov rd 'xad^oXov av iyivtTO. "l6:ttQ ovv Xiyo^tv., rd r/ i6Tiv ti6ivai TavTo 16tl v.al 6nlTii6Tiv. TOVTO 6' rj tcTXcjg v.ai fi^ roJr VJtccQyovTCJV tl, rj Tnv v!taQy6vTCJV.f oiov otl 6vo oQ^&ai, rj otl ^tl^ov rj
'

30

tXaTTOV.

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t ^rjTOv^itva iii6ov
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,

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,

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6 TQo^rog

Trjg 36

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6'

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17 7 OfXr/vr) i-nXsiittL D. 8ict ri i/.).si7isi M. 19 aqiQ-^m d. o^fia n. ^agtia n. 20 ^ctgv M. dqL&fj.bv d. 7]] xai Dn. 21 ovficpmvov Dd. 22 ioriv] ri M. 24 ioTi 25 6 om d. om M. om d. oaov Adu, pr B. T] 25 olov aqa rijg M. 26 inf^r]TOvfifv D. 27 otJr' si Stoc ABDdcun. afiu Sijlov] fxakXov M. av r^v n, jjv D. 28 fx yaq rc /. afcd^iod^ai D, afa&dvsa&ai n. syivfTO Bfu. 30 iy.] st A. 31 liycofisv n. to] tov M. ravTOv D. 32 post fifi del un vb n. 33 ^ rcov rt] TLoiv D. VTiaqxovTcov rc ing n, om D. 35 dnavTa D. iorl ante ndvTa n. iJObl stnfq AMd, pr B. 2 xat om i?. 4 dnav] dnav xari D. 7 OjifjfjUOTi] Tco GxriiiaTi n.

52
jiri KaTr^yoQi-iiav

ANAATTIKSIN
a^tdvrmv
^(>rtv oQKJjiog,

oiov ori ;rar tql-

yovov dvolv OQd^cng i(5ccg t;jjft. xoikov dt Xoyog^ oti to l:ti10 6xa(5x^ai iGn ro drtodtiKtdv ro artodft^iv fcXfir, o)6t eU^tlthiV toioikcjv djtodti^ig l0ti, dfjXov on oiw V fi^ avtav Kal OQiO^og' ijtiGtaito yaQ av oial %atd tov 6qi6u6v, ovk tymv trjv djtodeiiiv ovdtv yaQ TiaXvH ^rj diia t^iHV. iKavtj 6t Jtiotig yMi i% ti^g Ijtayayfjg' ovdtv yaQ Jtajtott OQLGa15 iitvoL tyvGi^itv.1 ovtt torv xad'^ avto vjtaQyovtav ovtt tcov 6v^j3fj3^)coT03r.

tti

ti

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toiavta (pavtQov otL ovz ov6iai. "On ^itv ovv ovy. t6tiv 6Qi6^6g dffavtog ovsttQ
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tai.
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TSTEPSIN

B.

51

iCndHKVvCiv, aXX'on r/ (jTtv r| orx t6nv. ngovvaXXog tqo- ^ jlog Xoinog; ov yaq 6^ dti^ti ye %\i aiW/j^et r] toj 6avxvXcp.

"En
ft^
rj

ncSg dti^H xo tl lcnv;

rj

dvdyy.rj ye.Q

rov tidoTa to
'

ti i6Tiv avd^QOrtog

dXXo oTiovv, tidtvai y.al OTi t6nv to yaQ ov ovdtig oidtv o tl t'(JTtV, dXXd Tt ^tv Orjuaivti 6 Xoyog
6Voj.i,

t6

OTKi^

fijro)

ToaftXacfog^ Tt 6' t6Ti TQayiXacpog,

^irj

ddvvaTOV
yMi
:fc3g

tidtvai.

dXXd

tl dti^ti

u' tGrt,

y.cd

otl t6TL;

Ta
r]

avTcij

Xoyoj 6ti^tL;

o Tt yuQ oQi6^og tv tl

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djtodti^ig'

to 6t

tl 16tiv dvd^QG3:tog %al

t6 tivai

lo

dvd^QCDJtov dXXo.

EiTa vmI

6l

drtodti^toig
tl
^irj

cpautv dvayy.aiov tivaL 6ti-

oivv^T&ai djTav otl t6Tiv,

ov6ia

tir].

t6 b tivaL omc
15

ov6ia ovdtvi' ov yaQ yivog t6 6v. djfx^dti^ig d^' t6TaL otl t6Tiv. ojttQ xt vvv :toiov6iv aliTti^Trj^ai. Ti ^tvyaQ^rjiiaivtL t6 TQiycDVov
.,

'iXa^tv 6 ytco^iiTQrig

otl

6'

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ti

ovv

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6 OQi^outvog tii^Tiv;

1]

to TQiyGivov ; tldcagaQa
dXX' adiwatov.
oig

tig 6qi6^ic>j Tt i6TLV,

tl t^Tiv ovy. ti'6ttai.

<DavtQ6v 6t Kal VMTa Tovg vvv T^ofl^org Tchv oqcdv

ov
20

6tLKVvov6iv ol OQi^o^tvoL OTi

't^Tiv.

tLyaQ^Kal 'i6Tiviy.T0V^ii-

60V

Tt i<5or,

t6tL v.vzXog;

dXXd 6id ti i6tL t6 oQi^^d^iv ; y.al 6id ti tovt tirj yaQ dv val OQtixdXvov cpdvaL tivaL avtov.

ovtt ydo otL 6iTvat6v tivai t6 Xtyo^itvov :fQo66rjXov6iv ol

OQOi, ovtt OTL iytlvo

ov cpa6lv

tivaL oQi^^oi.

dXX' dtt 'i^t6Ti

25

XiytLV t6 6t

Ti.

El aQa 6
Tovvo^ia,

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ti i6tiv

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58
dLCcXtyoi^ed^cc

AN^ATTIKSIN
ndvveg koI
djTodti^eiev

36

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val tl IOtlv 6 6QiO[i6g., val tov tl Iotlv aQa

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10
ei'rj

6 vvv i^rfaO^evog., t6 6l dXXov t6 tl iori 6eiTe yccQ Tt iOTiv dvdyvrj t6 ^ieOov eivaL ti
Iotl.,

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15

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20 oTi

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32

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TSTEPSIN
Tig veqpcov, 'xal hXEiihiv,
jror, ori

B.

59

oti 6r8Qt]6ig tig (patog, zcd avd^QG)-

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dv

23 alt Tisomd. 24 ipvxil Bn, om AdM, pr c. ort om ADdcM. 27 (iTjdh f. coiT A Jiicc et Prodr. Ka^oGov pr /?. 28 okSiov 29 cov (ilv ovv v. Dn. 30 zo om Dn. y] ro y Bu Bicc. 31 ^] To j3 Ricc. ovv a nQotfQov d. ngoTSgov AdM, pr B, fort pr c. S2 ovQ^lv D. ii om A. 34 noxiqov firj '^%fiv rc mg n. zov] t6 ABduM. 36 iav...di dfiiecov n. 35 8iu fiBGoav (^sic) M, 8ia (ifaoav ABDcdf, corr . post t^ duo vss del . M. j] st] ^'v /. 37 naoasXrjvov Af. 38 fir)Qtv6q D. 39 si corr n. 93bl firj&svos D. ToiJTO pr ti. 3 iGTiv ii?,siipcs n. 5 r t et noTsqov corr n. 7 ti i6Ti om d. 8 vscprj pr A. 10 5? n. 11 c^svvvzai D. TorTO ABdM. 12 tou a t6 (3 n.

60

ANAATTIKSIN
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,

61 :t(xhv tovtov aXXo ^e6ov

i%

t&v rtaQaXoi^tav
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15

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10
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35 i6^itv
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Xoijv
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,

6 ^tv 6vv6i6ncp, G)6jttQ

18 tSar ...dnoS. i-c mg n. 19 ov ioTiv rc 13 iit] ABDcluM. rav supra vs n. aklo corr c ubi pauciora. 21 rciJv] rov pr n. 23 fgtiv corr c. rc snpra vs n. ovK ccrtv] ov D. Ssl rj cclXov rojrov y/, pr B. 26 fisacov JM. ovaiag xai rou slvai corr n. 27 SanfQ xKt fHnofifv D. 8i] S' M. 29 insl D. soti n. to om Dn. om Bdn, fort 31 STSQO s corr n. r/ sivai rj M. tj iitcc. 32 post sari lit c, ubi Korl habuisse videtiir u. ^aXsnos AM. 33 ovrog AMd, pr c. bgtiv] Hvai M. 34 rj corr n. 35 dlla nara B. 36 gvvSbgihcov D. SiqXav Dfu, corr n. ro ABdvfD.

38 nqosiqr]fj.svog Dn. 94a2 Siaqjsqov pr n.

T2TEPSIN
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elrteiv 6icc xi

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/y

iip'

n,

d.

ANAATTIKSIN
^iiOeog 6vo oq^cov to

35

tovro 6' t^v to iv toj /' vJtagiH tovto 61 Tavtov t6Ti trf) ti rjv dvai^ aXXa ft>)i' zal to ti ^i^ tivai t(i) tovTO 6Yi[iaivHV tov Xoyov. aiTiov 6i6Hv.Tai to [ii6ov. to 6\ 6ia ti o Mr^6fiiog jioXe^og

i^^uxvy.Xio) 6QTd^r)v tivai.

iyivtTo 'Ad^tjvaioig
h tlg 2JaQ6tig
3tQG)Tov.
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r/g

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noXt^og

akia tov 3toXt^iti6d^aL 'A\^rivaiovg ; otl ivi^aXov tovto yaQ iKivrj6e ov J, rtQOTiQovg ti6^aXtiv jB, 'Ad^rjto

valoi To r.

v:itaQyti 6rj

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to JtQcntQOV i^i^aXtlv
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tci)
'

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ti

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Td 6%tvr^' to ^tv tvtva tov vyiaivtiv, to 6

6id Tt 6t aTCo 6tiitvov 6tl TttQiTtaTtlv^
6iacpiQti.
icp

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ano

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tcj)

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dffo 6tijtvov JttQiJtaTtlv vjtaQyov to Jtoi-

tlv
oiai

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T 6itia JtQog td
(JiTta,

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TorTO vyitiv6v.

6ovti yaQ vjtaQytiv toj JttQiJtattlv toj

To
to

B B

to
to

^irj

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tovtcp 6t to
,

to vyi-

tiv6v.

ti

ovv attiov
^ifj

F tov to A vjtdQytiv
tovto
6' i6tlv

to ov tvtva

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S6JttQ ivtivov Xo6id Tt t6

wyog'

To yaQ

ovTCjg

djto^od^^^tTai.

B tm

iatt] fivai
d.

34 TOvrM AMufn, pr 35 ta roCro] toutoj to pr 37 36 d rc supra To] A&r]vaiois Bc. 2 ti6cclXeiv Dd, 3 M. 94bl hiv^&rj AdcM, corr TtqotBQOis ABDdcufMRicc. i/n^dXXnv Ddn. 4tovs'AQ-r]vaiovsn. 5 dSiKtifiaaiv A, 6 nqot^qois ABcduMfn. tovto] tou dM, pr AD, ta vel tov pr corr TOVTOvfort pr D. tovto...y] ta Si y zo ^] P y rc D, t6 y rc 7 nQotEQOi DnRicc. om D. ivtav&a corr 8 aixiov iv otg to altiov tb Bu. 10 ro] dM^ 8st D omisso Ssi om dM, A. tb 8\
33 ^filafmg

y^BdM rb h] tco sv To ABDdfunM, p'r c. Tov ABfduM, pr c, tovtov pr n.

M.

A.

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63

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25

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fti] 30

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,

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tl

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%ai
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ol

Uvd^ayoQtioi cpaOiv d^tiojtag cpo^covTai.

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35

tvtva ToTg iv rrJ TaQTaQCD.,

6t ToiavT i6Ti, oial ^idXi6Ta iv TOig v,aTa cpv6iv 6vvi6Ta[ii-

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6)6:ttQ Xi- p. 95

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12

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"21

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om

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Civ A.

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25 to rc supra vs 29 /.uiioofifQrOTaTOv d, Xs 32g rc n. di.fivut Ad, fort pr n. 31 g^pr om M, del n. 33 fl om M. TIvx^ayoQioi n. 34 T^g A, n 35 iv] aua Iv AcdM, a tv n, tnl D. 36 GvviGTdi-

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64
15 jj j/jj-

ANAATTIKSIN
yivhxai 6\ dioti yiviTai^ tOvcci 61
%i iGxi %Qv6ta.XXoq
;

dum

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ov A.

20

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tovtcov ta ytyovoxa.
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aXridtg
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35 rj6ri

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d^axiQov ytyov6tog.
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tmv i^o^ivav xov 6t yi'

40

txi ovtt d6Qi6tov iv6iyttai tivai tov yQovov tov ^tta^v ovd'' coQih e^ivov tl)tv6og yccQ t6tai to tijttlv iv t(u ^txa^v. ijti6ve

yovt va\ xov t6xai ov% iv6iytxai tivai b^i6yovov.

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co6Tt (It
rj

to ytyovivai to yivt^d^ai

vnaQytiv iv ToXg jtQdy^a6iV.

6rjXov oTt ovtc t6Tiv iy^^t'

vov ytyov6Tog yivo^itvov ov6t yaQ ytv6^itvov ytvoiiivov JtiQaTa yccQ %ca aToixa. m6jttQ ovv ov6t 6xiy^iai ti6iv dXXrj-

16 post yioil del vult ti n. Sb oti] Sioti Dn, om d. 19 xovtco] OVTOJ D. tert t6 om 23 tov] rovrcoT' fort pr B. 24 uqu M. 25 akXatv ai'Tiov M. 26 tov toSs] tovto 81 pr B, tov d, olov TO-t; M, rc c. yivsa&ai et yivofMSvov M, rc c. 27 ysvfa&at rc c. 29 Ta om Ad. 30 rcijoTfgov df. Svo Ad. 33 t68' . .ysyovEvat om A. 34 TovTOv Stj 0'ar. d. 35 sISt] pr Bn. 95bl Tci) A. 4 ovSs yag corr n ubi pauciora. ysvofisvov rc mgn. 5 aiisg rc d.

SHm

TZTEPSIN
Xow
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25

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6 yivofisva d, yivofxtvai n. diaigsTd ABd, pr cu, uSialqita mgB. yfvoftsvov ABu. 11 Ssix&jivai d. 13 ovv om M. ysvo14 ixsi M, fiSVTjs M. fiioov'] (liv Ad. ro om Adf. ro airiov del vult u. figjjc9co f. 15 pr nal om D. 16 tntl...f(iTzgoo&fv rc mg u. 17 'f(ingoc9fv] ngwTOv D. y] pi" A. 18 Tou rc supra vs n. st] t} M. alt S] a Mc. 19 pr 5] o; Ad. a] 8 M. 20 dvayKT] to y M. 21 rov ysyovivat. om /. 23naganfanTai d. 2-i6fiotco$n. 25 dfisaov] fiicov ABMdufc,T0v fisaov D. rov om M. vvv om A. 26 ro 5 ^arai. n. S] a Ad, ovTs D. 30 31 St] ydg D. XrjnTiov M. 34 ysyovivai... rc mg n. &ffisliov sinsq.. .ysyovivai om D.

11.

68
35

ANAATTIKSIN
ndXiv d t6xai ohla, (o6avdtmvvtai i)t 6id tov Lie6ov

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35 eI

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oiov TQiddi vnciQyti Jtdoi^ ciQi^^tog. to rteXftt o)g ^irj ^ltTQtlOd^ai

85

TO JtQc7)T0V ducpOTiQCDg ,

aQii^drj

OvyytiOd^cu l^ doid^ucyiv.

tovto toivvv
oidt

iOTiv

rj

TQidg, dQid^^og ntQiTTog

nQonog y.al

nQonog. tovtTttl

Tow yaQ ty.aOTOv^ t

t6 dt TtXtvTolov
dtdrjXoiTaL rjuiv

^itv y.al TOig rttQLTTOig TfdOLV vJtdQyti^

v.al tt]

6vd8i

ndvTa dt ovdtvi.
clvayy.ala ^iiv ioxi

6t b

iv TOig dvco
,

oti

Ta

h
xd
5

Toj Tt lOTfc v.aTrjyoQOV^Ltva

Ta v.a^crXov 6t dvayvala , Ty ds
iv to5 ti IOtl
tirj

TQiddi

v.cil

icp'
,

ov dXXov ovtco Xau^dvtTac

ovTOjg i^ dvdyy.tjg ^itv dv
TCDvdt drjXov.

Xa^i^avo^itva
oTt 6' ovOia,

TQidg TavTa.
toi)to i^v
rj

iv.

dvdyvrj ytro,

tl jt>}

TQicidi tivcu., OLOV

yivog Tt

f irat

tovto,
rj Tfj

tj

covo^LCiO^iivov

dvco-

vv^iov.
v.tiO&G3

tOTaL Toivvv inl itXtiov

TQiddi vnaQypv.

vjfo-

yaQ TOLOVTov
ht\ nXtlov.

tivai to yivog.,

cxiOTt

vjtdQytLV vaTa dv-

vaiiiv

tl

Toivvv

^Lrjdtvl

vjtdQyti

dXXm

rj

talg

10

tovt dv tirj t6 TQLddL tivai. vnovtiod^cD yaQ ocal TOVTO, T^ ovOia rj tTidOTOv tivaL ij inl Talg dto^oig tOyaTog TOLavTYj xaxrjyoQLa. cnOTt o^oiag xi dXXcD otcdovv tcdv OVT03 6tiyd^ivTG)V TO VTfJ tivciL 'iOTaL.
aTo^ioig TQidOi,
25 nXslov D.
jtofi

31 ovSh f|eo pr n. 33 XTjtp^tlr] ABu. nXiov dn. 34 jtXilov DM. 35 naeij vndgxsi D. 38 kuI tolg corr /.
^.

om

26 dXXa

om M.

27 ri ora

n.

28

ftf]

Y.a.1

d.

8s Kul TsXsvtata d. ov&svi D. Svvdfisi M. dh om A. 5 ovzcos del vult B. 8 nXsov Dn. t^ om /. 9 ante t6 lit unius vb /. vndgxsi M. 10 nXsov ABduf. vndqxsi pr om n. 12 xai] j/ (sic) pr n. iexdtois n, ioxd14 uvTo Mnu, corr Af. TTl M.
rc n. fort pr

39 ndaiv 96bl

om
Tcc

n.

OTi.

5*

(i8

ANAATTIKSIN
Xqri df, otav oXov
ri

15

rtQay^iaTtvrjTal tig, ditXnv to

yevog dg r ato^ia tfJ ti6H %a TfQuna^

oiov doL^&aov tig

TQidda oialdvdda^

i4)'

ovTcig kKtivGW oQi^^LOvg JttiQdod^aL

Xa^i^dvHV^ oiov tv&fiag yQa^mTig xki v,v%1ov v.a\ ooi)7j ycoviag^ (<eT St tovto Xa^ovTa ti to ytvog^ oiov ^toTtQOV tcov
20

Jtodcov

ij

TCiiv

koicov

i'dia rtcid^rj 'd'e63QHV

did tcdv %oivg)V

6v{.i-

yuQ 6vvTid^mtvoig k% tcdv drdLWW Ta l^aivovTa Ik t&v OQiO^tcnv tGtaL drjXa^ 6id t6 aQirjV
^tQcoTow.

Tolg

tivai
v,a%'

srdvTow Toi' OQiO^iov xi To d^TXovv %ai Tolg dirXoig

25

avrd vTtdQytiv rd 6v{ipaivovTa ^ovoig^ TOig 6' dX?.oig v,aT tvtlva. al dt diatQt^tig al vard rdg dLacpoQag yQt^Gi^ioi
tiOiv tig T() ovTCD y.tTiivai.
o)g ^itvToi dtivvvov6iv,

tiQrp;aLtv

Tolg JtQOTtQov.

')(^Q^6i^0L 6'

dv

titv ca8t ^iovov ctQog

,

to 6vXdXX' tv-

Xoyi^tGd^aL ro t/ I^tlv.
d^vg
30 Tig

vairoL do^titv y dv ovdtv

di6:ttQ

Xau^dvtiv djtavra^
rrig 6LaiQt6t(j3g.

dv

ti

i^ doyrig tXd^ave

dvtv

dLacptQti dt tl to ^qcjjtov val v6Tt-

QOVTc!)vvaTrjyoQovy.tvcDVvaTrjyoQtX6d'ai.i oiov tijttlv ^cpov ^it-

qov dijtovv
TiaL tv TL

ij

6iitovv ^ojov ri^itQOV.

ti

ydQ djtav ^v dvo

t(5T/,

To

^cjjov

^^itQov
rj

val JtdXiv i% TOVTOV val Tfjg diaitoT l.6Ti

cpoQag 6 dv&QcoJtog
35

n 6ri

to tv yivo^itvov., dvay-

valov ditXo^tvov aiTtl^^&ai.

yivog,

tti itQog

to

yiY^dtv JtaQaXiJttlv

iv Toj t/ t6Tiv ovTco ^iovGjg hdiitTai.

XrjcpT^fj

mav yaQ
ov

to stQaTOV

dv

^itv

tcjv vaTcod^iv Tiva 6iaiQi6t(ov

Xa^tj

Pr^, ovx

iLiJtt6tLTai

djtav tig TOiTro, oiov

,

Jtdv ^cpov

oXojtTtQOV 7] ^xi^ojtTtQOV dXXd jtTrjvov t^cpov djtav tovtov p.97yQ 6iacpoQd avTrj. jtQckrj 6t 6iacpoQd t(>rt ^wou, tig r^v
djtav ^cpov
i^iJtijtTti.

o^ioicog 6t
vjt'

val tcov dXXcov t7td6Tov,

tig rjv

xai T(av

t^(D ytv(5v
v,al

val tg)V

avro, oiov OQVLd^og ,

djtag OQVig ,

iyd^vog^ tig iqv djtag iy^^vg.

ovtco ^iev

ovv

rm noca rj tm noim M, om AcdnM. oQta/ncSv d, pr ABM, 21 nqmxov pr A. corr c. pr itai om M. 24 vndgx^^ " 25 xov^aificti ABDcuf. ovsv D. 26 1^] Ss tv n. 28 86^u M. 8' B, om D/n. rov A 32 nav d. 29 iXa/i^Dcvfro civsv D. 30 tt om d. 33 xaJ. ix rrjci D. nagaXsi35 acvelad^ai M. 34 d om AMc. nhiv D. 39 dXl' ov mr]v6v pr A. 38 ov] tl M. 97al nQcarr] ys M. 2 ^<oov om n. fxcccra) n, 'Qaov cKccazov d.
ri

17 xat BvccSa

om M.

om
tcov

A.

noawv 23 rav

18 pr corr pr B,

yiccl

li.

om

D.

19 iof/Jdrra corr n.

3 vcp' avrd D.

4 nccg bis D.

TSTEPSIN
l^mdi^oin^L t6tiv
'/-((}

B.

69
'

ddivaL

ou

:raQaXi:tf:Tv
y.at

avayyMiov

oial ^u)

aXXcig 6h ovdiv jraQaXeXti^ttai ddtvai. ovdtv dt dti tov

y.ai

oni^o^itvov
Toi

diaiQov^itvov ajtavta tidivai ta ovta.

ddvvatov
^tij

cfaGi tivtg tivai

tag dia(fOQag tidivai tag rtQog

lo

r/.aOtov

tidota

y/.a6tovti6ivai'
diaq)iQti^
y.c.ta

tyaOtov avtv 6t tolv 6ia(pOQoiv ovz tivai ov yaQ ^Yi^iacftQti., tavtov tlvaitovtOnf ov6t
'

tttoovtovtov. flQatov^itvovvtovtotl)tv6og ovyag

JtoXXal

^tadav ^iacfOQav tttQOV

tco ti'6ti,

yaQ 6ia(fOQai vjtdQy.at

yov6i tolg avtoTg

aitd.

dXX'

ov

ovOiav ov6t

y.ad^

tita otav Xd^i^ tdvtiy.tiiitva 'Kal tr^v 6ia(fOQdv y.cd

7^

oxi Jtdv i^rcintti ivtavd^a

ivtaijd^a,

v.al

Xd^^ iv&atiQOJis

to ^rjtov^itvov
vai
tj

tivai.,

v.al

tovto yivojGy.y., oi'^6tv6ia(fiQtiti6itXd^ij tig

utj

ti6ivai i(f

o6g)V yatr^yoQovvtai dXXoiv al 6iatai^ta

(fOQai.

(favtQov ydQ oti dv ovta ^a6i^03V

iotl 6ta(fOQd.,
t^ti roi;

ch' ^irjy.iti

Xoyov

rJg ov6iag.

to 6'
y>rj 20

iirtav i[i:timtiv tig trjv

6iaiQt6iv,

dv

fj

dvtLy.tiutva (ov

l6Ti

jffr|u,

oijy

aitrjiia'

dvdyy.rj

yaQ d:tav

iv ^atiQO)

avtav tivai , ti:ttQ ivtivov 6ia(fOQd t6tai. Eig 6t to y.ata6y.tvd^tLV oqov 6id torv
6tL 6toyc(^t6d^at
i

6taiQi6tGyv tQi(Sv
to5 ti

.,

tov Xa^tTv td y.atriyoQov^itva iv

l6ti, y.ai
rtdvta.

tavta td^aL ti :n:QG)tov rj 6tvttQ0V.^ xt ort tavta^s t6tL 6t tovtov 'iv ^tQonov 6id tov 6vva6&ai, oJWf^
val 6id tov

rtQog 6v[ij^t^rjy6g 6vXXoyi6a6d^aL otL v:tdQyti,

I

yivovg y.ata6y.tvd6aL.
^tQohov Xd^fj.

to 6t td^ai o5g 6tL tOrai, idv to

6' liffTKt,

tovto
ftr}

idv Xrj(f^fj o nd6LV dxoXov-

#a,

iy.tivo)

6t

:tdvta'
rj6r]

dvdyy.rj
i:tl

ydQ tivai

Tt TOtorToi'. 30

Xrj(fd^ivtog 6t

tovtov

t&v ydtc) 6 avtog

tQOTlog'

6tvttQOV ydQ to tav dXXav ^tQoatov t6tai^ nal tQitov to

5 a8l^ov pr n. 5 et 16 ov&lv D. naqaXflrjntai pr A. 6 nagaXsiTCBiv Dd. ovSev Sfl B Ricc, pr w, ov Si Sil d. 7 cenav pr n.^ 8 ra ngog d. 10 ov A. Siacpfgrj Ad. zovto B liicc. ov Ad, pr Bc. 14 slra om A. za dvzLKStfisva Df. loozav ffin. d. ifin. tj ivzavd^a i] D. 16 zovrov d. yivcSaxsi n. ovSfv Siacp^Qfi'] SiacpOQal^Tc f. 17 dXX' av d. aXXai Siacp. M. \9sazat B. 20 av j] zi xsifisva d. 21 aizrifia iuit corr n. Iv] (ihv d. 22 unte avzmv lit tluorum vbb /. sazi d. 24 zu rc snpra ys n. rt'] z6 n 25^'] i} tl D. ozl ndvza zavza sv D. 27 ngog z6 av(i^B^7]y.6g n. vnaQ^H d. 28 zd^cct corr n. eazat om d. av M. 29 anaaiv D.

90
Tciv iyp^ivGiv

ANAATTIKSIN
ucpaiQtd^ivwg yaQ tov ava&EV
ouoicog 6e v.al
i:tl

T()

tyo^avov

vow aXXwv
35

JTQoHtov ?()Tat.
,

tcov aXXc^v.

ott 6' artavta tavta

(paveQov i% tov Xa^tlv to te rtQC)r]

tov Tiata diaiQtOiv^ oti a:tav

%ti 6t

todt

rj

Tode

^oJoi^,

i'jra-

todt

nal jtdXiv tovtov oXov trjv diacpoQav

tivai diacpoQtiv,

tov dt
trjg

ttXtvtaiov

^rj-Kiti

y.al

tvd^vg

(.itta

ttXtvtalag diacpoQcig toi) 6vv6Xov

^irj

diacpiQtiv tidti toilto.

b dtjXov yaQ oti ovtt JtXtlov JTQo^y.titaii6tiv tiXr^ittai tovtcov ovtt djfoXtLittt

jtdvta yaQ iv tco Tt

ovdiv

rj

yaQ yivog

rj

diacpoQa av

ttrj.

yivog

^ilv

ovv to

tt jroojTOv,

yal ^ttd

T03D diacpOQ&v
6

Gat t^ovtai

'

ov yaQ
6tt

tovto JtQoOXaiipavoLitvov. at diacpoQal dt itattt iotiv vGtiQa' tidtt yaQ tiv diicptQt
6' tiQYjtat
jit)

to ttXtvtalov, tovto

diacpiQttv.
irtl

Zrpttv 6t
itiQoig,
10

iitipXijtovta

td

o^ioia yai d6tdJttiXtv

lcp'

cpOQa, jtQatov ti ajtavta tavtov tyovoiv^ tita

d iv

tavttj) ^itv yivtt i->itivoig^

,

ti<3l

6t avtotg ^itv

Tai'T TOJ tt6tt

cpd^fi

iytivcDV 6' tttoa.

ijtl

otav

6' ijtl Toi^TOjy Xrj,

ti Jtdvta

tavtov , yal

tlXrj^mivcav jtdXiv GvMJtttv tt

tav aXXav o^ioiojg ijtl tcov tavtov^ tag dv tig tva tX^y
idv 6t
oi'x.
^trj

Xoyov' ovtog yaQ tOtai tov

Pa6i^y
15

JtQccy^iatog OQiO^iog.
jtXtia.,

tlg

tva dXX' tlg 6vo

rj

6rjXov oti

dv
tt

ttrj

tv Tt tivai to

^rjtoif^itvov^
.,

tlXXd jtXtico.

otov

?yiyco.,

ti

lott \ityaXo^vyJa ^rjtot^tv

tj^vymv.,

CytJttiov

ijti

tivcov

^ityaXo-

ovg t6^tv,

ti ty^ovOtv tv Jtdvttg
rj

y totovtot.
yal

otov tl
ti

'AXytPid6rjg ^ityaXo^vyog

6 'AytXXti)g

o Aiag.,
^itv

iv djtavttg; to fi^ dviytO^&at vPQi^o^ttvot'

2oXi^irj6tv,

ydQ

ijto-

6 6' djtiytttvtv mvtov. jtdXtv lcp UoKQdtovg. tt 6i^ to ddtdcpoQot ti^ vat tihvyovvttg yai dtvyovvttg, tavta 6vo Xa^oh 6zo3tt5

6' i^iyjj>i6tv

.)

ttiQow., olov Av6dv6QOV

37 rov35 Sf ndvTo. Dn. t? om n. 36 Kara.] ntxl ro ^. 39 si'6fi izi TOvTO Dn, fort pr fi, sl' zov ToiJ oXov zovTOV TTjv d. Tt tovTO Ad, pr c, TOVTO STi M, om u. 2 ovts] Ss D, pr n. nlsito D. 97bl SrjKovoTi ovSi d. ov5 vaTsqco M. 3 si'77 To ysvos n. xt t6 fiTa M. &SV D. 9 a om A. 11 tl co8 nd.vTOL D. 7 Sici(f>ogoc olov TiqfOTOV D. alt inl om Dn. 12 ndkiv'] ndvv d. dices. ndvTT] D, anctv n. 13 ouTcog d. sgtl D. 14 v D. et] 7] pr A, rj Tpr Bu. bis om D. sl om n. 18 15 Xsym Ss otov D. 17 ^] ol M. 21 0^0^] rj D. %aV\ q dM. 20 Sfi^svijas d.

TZTEPSIN
Ti
))

B.

71
)

To inro typvCiv
ja)

^'

Tf

t'fft^fm

JffQt

t?

Ti5;jag
tvdrj

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av

T)jg

^tyccXo^vpag.
^'ft 6' t(jr} ^^5

25

o^og ^{ar^oAoir
tj

ov ydg
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rj
ij

rivt o(jp0^aAftfJ
tidti a(pOQi6ag.

>lfyt

to i^yitivov 6 iavQog., dXX'

Tt TO v.ad^

Qaov
drto

txaGrov ooiOaOd^ai

ro vad^oXov,

6i6 dtl

Kal ra "nad^oXov ^itta^aivtiv Tolg v.a^oXov rj Iv yccQ al o^iowv^iiai ?yavd^dvov6L y,dXXov 0)6JttQ 6t Iv Taig djrodti^t6i dti t6 yt Toig ddia(p6ooig. rolg OQOig ro 6acpig. 6vXXtXoyi6d^ai vjfdoytiv , o{'toi v.al
y.ad'^

tmv

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1:tI

30

TOVTO
TO
iv

d'

t6Tai

idv did tcSv xa^' tv.a6rov tiQrj^itvwv

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to

^
35

tv.d6TG} yivti

6Qi^t6&ai

oiov t6 o^ioiov

firy Jtclv

dXXd
xat

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tJtl

val 6yrj^ta6L,

val

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h
.,

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tvXa^ov^itvov

ft>)

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ti

6t ^i^ 6iaXiyt6d^ai 6tL ^itTacfOQaig

6^Xov otl

ot'6' OQi^t^d^ai

ovTt ^tTacfOQaig ovTto^aXiytTaL^itracpOQaig-

6iaXiyt6T&aL yaQ dvdyv.iq t6Tai ^itracpOQaig.

JToog 6t t6 tytiv Ta JtQO^Xrl^ata Xiytiv 6tL tdg tt p.98 araTOfiKg val tdg 6iaiQi6tig., oikco 6t 6iaXiytLV, vjtod^i^t- l^*

vov t6 yivog t6 volvov djtdvtov, olov

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ti

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jtdXiV TOJf XoiJtcov ToT jtQcmco Jtola Jtavtl tJtttai,

tovto oQVig,

Jtola jtavtl tJtttai OQVixfi.

r]6rj
,

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yvtata
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rj

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td

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fir}&fv D.

d. tj 24 firiStv corr n ubi loc paucioribus 26 Pfln. 28 dl D. 31 Stacpogots u, pr fi. Sl^tfd. '32 avXXoytaaad^ai JDcdM. 31 seq t6 Si f avXXoyia&oi M, corr c. 33 Sia To Tcov v. 34 zcoois om M. 35 pr xa)] rj D. 36 6(icovv(iia d. 37 fir]} firj Sl M, /xr]Sl AfclUcc, (inrB n. 8iucpoqalg d. 38 ovSlv iort pr n. Siog'^fo9ai M. 39 SiaX^yfa&at
fi'rs

23

ixna9nav

fiftacpOQaig

om

xi.

ySal
Sft pr

fj;ftv

corr c

fcrt Ta]

d.

ro ra D.

Xiynv

pr w. 8 t6 om n.

rc add ante ittXiyfiv u. Duf, corr Bc, Xiynv pr n. 6 Trorov M. aifl n.

om

2
fis

ixXfyfiviif, corr

BDuc.

om Ad

et

4 vndqxsiv M. fyyvTdrco DM.

pr D. x5 nolq> B, 7 rco d.

72

ANAATTIKSIN
dri

Xov
dt

dia ti to

vJldQ%H
%al dil

toj z/
ijtl

'Kal

tolg aXXoig.
iitv

^ia yaQ tov A. o^ioiag tow aXXojv 6 avtog Xoyog.

Niw
Xeyoy,ev,
15

ovv

v.ata td :taQa6tdo^itva otoivd ovo^iata

^ovov i:tl tovt&v Oxojtelv., dXXd y.al V dXXo Tt 6(p^(j vjtdoypv 'koivov., izXau^dvovta eha ti6i tovt av.oXovx^el %a\ rtola toihbj ejtttai, oiov toig vtgata ^XOvGi to 't](eiv iylvov, to ftr} d^icpoidovt eivai. jtdXiv to
del de jt^
,

TieQat
|tt
20

tyeiv tiGiv ejletai;

drjXov

yaQ did

ti Iveivoig vjtdQ-

to eLQr^uivov did yaQ to veQat tyeiv vJtdQ^ti.

firt

ev yaQ Xa^tiv

d dXXog tQOJtog iotl vatd to dvdXoyov inXeyeiv. ovk t6ti to a^'ro, o 6tl vaXtGai 6riJtiov zt dvavd^av v.al oOtovv t6ti d' tJt6\itva %a\ tovtoig uQjttQ
'

\iLidg

15
2S

tivog (pvOtcag T)Jg toiavtrjg ov6r^g. Td 6' avtd JtQO^Xrjuatd l6ti td

tytiv.,

^itv

trp

to
6'

avto
tvia

^e6ov

oiov otL Jtdvta dvtLJttQi6ta6ig.

,

tovtoiv
dXXc3V
.,

TcJ yevei

taihd

o6a

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7]

dLacpOQag

tci)

rj

dXXojg

eivaL, OLOV di Tt ^%eL^

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dLa ti i^LcpaivttaL

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.,

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(jtdvta ydQ dvd-aXa^Lg)

30

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td de

to

^e6ov vjto To tttQOV ^Lt6ov

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,

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A.

37
R.

ft^]

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lOOal

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-- 8 et 11 ov&lv D.

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10

ANAATTIKSIN rZTEPSlN
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B.

vovg^
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aQxcu tcov (xjrodsiieav yrniQtftCiiartaOa ^itta Xoyov tOti, tmv aQiow l:ticcl

6'

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rj

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rivtg

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20

avxriv vad^ tavTriv tivaL ni6Tiqv.

tv6oia 6t r 6ov,ovvxa :tdvml xovxoig

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r^

6lv

tJ

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ij

rj

xoig 6ocpoig,

xolg nXti6xoig

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Codices JB, ubi C deiicit J), u, 147. qiiibusdam locis c et /, lib. iib. VII N.
Tit.

P
I

^.
o,

100 134 et 139 inde a lib. V o,

77 nolvvfivTjTog diaXsnTin^ rng siiper. o, ntql SiaXaxTixfls K. lOOalB ttJs TtaoovarjQ TiqayfiaTFtag o. 20 fiTjSsv f. 21 nqmrov (liv ovv C 28 i; post 27 alr]9cov ponit a tiva Sid uo. 29 stl7]q)fi u. lOOblS avTciov CPco, havTmv f. 21 avTfjv Cf. xad' savTTjV om Puo. 22 ij Toig naeiv u.

80
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25

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6

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61 iz
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'

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10

ovt i^ ivdoiojv. tig yaQ t6v OQOv ov% i^jtijtttL ovtt yitQ ta Jta6i dov.ovvta Xa^L^cxvti ovtt ta tolg JtXti6totg ovtt td tolg 6ocpoig.i yai tovtoig ovtt ta
tcov 6vXXoyit^ttaL 6 TJ^tvdoyQacpav,
'

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15

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20

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diojQi^d^Ci), di OTi JttQl
,

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28 yta&cc 27 riav (paivofiivcov P. 26 ovdsv CPf. 30 xai otn A. afiiKqoc B. T^g pr A. lOlal iqi<sxiY.6q GvlXoyiafidg /. -^ 2 Xfyia9a corr c.

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12 tert Ccuo, 7 ravzrjt A, ravtrjg BP. tpaivsrai o. 17 noitlrui o iptvdoyqa^pav. tlSr} Cf. Ta om /. Xa^tlv fort pr u. 18 Tcov om C. cog Tvit(a TtfqiXa^fiv om A. 22 Tvn(a\ cus Tvnat u, Tvnco iintlv C.

5 Ss om 15 ^" om o.

TOniKSlN
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81

'^E:t6^ivov d' V dri toig eiQrj^hoig eijtelv TTQog TtoGa

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oti ^iiv
'

l^ avTG)v vaTacpavtg t6Ti

VMTa (piXoovv ^Qog yv^ivaOiav iQiqGmog., ^itd^odov yao tyovTtg oaov ^tQi
30

Tov jTQOTtd^ivTog ijriytiQtiv 6vvrj(l6^it&a. ^fQog dt Tag ivTtv^tig^ dwTL Tag Tojv :toXX(ov vaTrjQid^^irj^iivoi 66^ag ovy. ix t&v aXXoTQioiv dXX^

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35

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29 vnf C. 34 8i6tl ou. 33 cpalvovtai ^4 , pr C. 35 sv BKccGTOig om /. ro om Cu. 37 ccQxav om 36 t6 dXi^d-lg fu. C/, del B. 39 al om /. Tcdvzcov CP, pru. 38 ov dvvarov C. lOlbl dvdyKT] Ti nsql A. 8LiX&ilv Ttsql avrcov C. 2 8ialMTiH^g corr B. '4 f|ft C. 7 o C. 9 Tiaqaliinrj Bof. 13 ixnoqijGOfiiv pr A. ante t6 lit un vbi c. 14 zavra CPo, pr u. 16 Ss yivovTat ol C. 17 i'8iov 7] yivog C.

II.

82

TOniKSlN

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25

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30

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i'8tov ou.

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TOUIKP.N
xqi^ri.

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35

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17 ^ del AC, om c/. 24 C. 31 IfVKOTsgov toiovto BC. 32 iuv C. o ioTi] icTl t6 C. 33 itg<oTOi oi/)fcae om P. dvaoyi. ronoi om u. AB. rj 35 xal tcc inl C. Il5)bl T(p] xt TO . Tig om A. 4 aSiytwg P. 3 Ktti om /. 8ixaJ. T(ov ... 5 alt y.ax.ov om P. 5 pr xal] ndcXiv ABCPfu. xof/cog] dSincog w, pr /, dSi-nmv corr /, dSiamg nay.ov xat tcov Sixaimg xaxeiJv pr B. dSi^mg] SiKaimg Ti dya96v, xai ti' Tt tcov dSiKmv C. u, pr /, dSitimv P, Sfnaimv corr /. r]Simg 6 dyaQ^ov] x.atiov C. ABPu. tpBvy.Tmv pr AB, (pivnT^v xat u. q^tvnTri C.

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tl 6' t6Tiv i'6iov cfQov/i6tcog
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10

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20

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34 Tov ofiov ij^ovTOS D. olyiodoiiog pdst otniav D.

nlav

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36 d bis

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25idiov to tivai ^coov, ovd^avtov avd^Qcortov yivtGd^aitirjidiov

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6t tl To [laXXov

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30

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^

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To ijri6Ta6&ai, ovy.t6TL6t ^omv i6lov t6 ccl^&dvt^&aL., ovv. dv

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10

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toiI] s"r] u. 21 yug ^al t6 u. 25 fi'77 av] sazlv B. 26 8ri Alicfq, om D. anlag Sri to /. pr to] rov u. 28 6|7 ABc. ravza ABcufq. 29 ot;5...Toi; 7] ttov om ABcuqf. 31 ovS...TOv TJKiaTK om /. 34 iazlv ante 33 ii'r] (av w) i'8iov Du. TOV D. 138al av BLT] D. ^/ujj 3 navra u. i'8iov et (laXXov om u. iaTi Tov fialXov D. 6 i'Siov ante j] u. 6, 11, 16, 23, 28 ^nsg D. 7 8s Tov ^(pov u. 9 tov tjttov om u. i'Siov ^aov D.

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'

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26

to ai^d^r^tov rj to ^itQi6t6v, oihi^^tLdttov ^foov to ai6drit6vi'6iov, oi'y. dvti'rjtov ^fooi; TO y.tQi6t6v i'6iov. y.ata6y.tvd'^ovta6t tito r}TTOi^ arTOV
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35

ov oyoimg i6tlv i6iov. oiov ijTtl oyoioig i^tlv l6lov ijriTd^vyrjtLKov to ijrid^vytlv yal Xoyi6tiyov to Xoyi't^t6&ai., ovn t6tL 6' i'6L0V ijriiif^vyrjtLyov ro ijrid^vytLV.f ovy dv ti'rj i'6L0V XoyL6tiyov t6 Xoyi^t6if^aL.

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D,

11

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15

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TQitov 6' dva6ytvd^ovta ^itv ti ov o^ioioig t6tiv i6iov, i6tiv r6iov ov6t yaQ ov 6^ioicngi6t\vi'6iov^i'6taii'6iov. ti
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85

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15

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p. 178,

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242.

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xovg clXXrjXow Xoyovg. 6i6jttQ xaxtla ^itv dxt^vog 6' r^v jj 6L6a6yaXia toXg [iavd^dvov6i naQ avtG)V' ov yaQ tiyvrjv dXXd td dno tfjg tiyyrig 6L66vttg 7taL6tvtiv vjttXd^i^avov, S6jttQ dv ti' tLg ijti6trjnr]v cpd^yorv jtaQa6oi6tLV 5 ijtl xo nr]6tv Jtovtlv tovg Jt66ag, tita ^xvxoxo^LTirjv ftev ^rj 6L6d6yoL , jiJ^d' od^tv 6vvr]6txai JtOQi^t6&aL xd xoLavxa, 6oirj 6t JtoXXd yivri Jtavto6ajtcov vjto6r]^dtc,w ovtog ydQ (3f^or]d^rjyt ^itv JtQog ti^v yQtiav,
jttQi
[itv

tiyvrjv 6'

ov JtaQi^oytv.
yal
jtaXa^d

xal

tcov

Qr^toQLWov

vjt^oyt

jtoXXd

td

b Xty^^Ltva^ jttQt 6t

tov 6vXXoyi^t6d^aL jtavttXciig ov6tv tiyodxXo Xiytiv, dXX' 1^ tQi^^ ^r^tovvttg JtoXvv JtQ^ttQov Htv 2q6vov ijtovov^itv. tl 6t cpaivttai &ta6aiiivoig v^iiv cng h,

toiovtGiV i^ aQyfjg vJtaQycivtcDV tytLV ^ [ii\io6og lyavcog jtaQa tdg dXXag jtQay^iattiag tdg i% JtaQa666tog r^virjuivag^
XoLjtov dv
ttri

Jtdvtow v^iov

[itv JtaQaXtXtL^i^iivoig ti]g

r^ tov rpiQoa^iivGiv tQyov toig ^t&66ov 6vyyvc3^r]v tolg 6' tv-

Qrj^iivoLg jtoXXriv 'iytLV %dQiV.

Tcgo35 ov'] ott i. 34 8b om {. T^g nqctyfiariictq om J). 38 tQCOTinovs D, igcoTr]ficcTiKOVS Ci, fort pr /, t^Sigyocsntvwv pr C. 39 tSiSccaKOv Bif, pr A, qui iSiSoaKV corr yg. aocpiOTiKOvg u, c mg. ifiniiiTSiv aiite 184al pr mauii. cariQ^BiOav i. SKXafi^dvftv i.

Xoyovg C. 184al TMV

<SKCov

4 om cpd om 3 nagaSiScaai C. 5 6 SiSd^fisv Svvriar]Tai jioislv u, pr A. axvTOTOfislv 7 ovrool 8 naQaStStOHS 9 vn^gxsv BDi, om noXXu aXXo om om 3 S^ 184b2 Xsystv alXo 6 ijficovCDcui, pr ABf. rwv s^ CDcui, pr AHf. 4
i.

/loyo^

i.

rr/s

/>.

si'

u.

i7tiaTi]fiTiv u.

tc5

Cif.

fii^Q^c-v

cti.

cu.

cu.

c.

u.

C.

i'acos

M.

c.

w.

rj

cu.

cu.

rlfiiv

i^]

u.

dy.QOcofiivcov C.

7 rrjs

i-

COMMENTARirS.

19*

^l'?-^

ANALYTICA POSTERIORA.
j[n omnibiis Aristotelis scriptis quae ad logicam pertinent hoc priraum est et raaximum, ut investigetur et quomodo flat vera et demonstratio qua ratione per demonstrationem certa quaedam doctrina artiiicio et via tradenda conficiatur: nam omnia iVristotelis scripta quibus coniunctis Organi nomen inditum est aut argumentandi quandam rationem tradxint aut de iis

Quare fieri omnino nequeat. rairum non est quod Analytica posteriora, quae a graecis interpretibus etiam simpiiciter appellantur ta dnodsLatLxd (v. scliol. 38 b 4, 89b32, 98 b 4), aTioSsixtiitrj ngayfiateia (schol. 143 b 43)
agunt sine quibus argumentatio
vel djiodsLXtLJi'^ (schol. 145 a 27)

titulum SsvtSQa dvaXvtDtd

habemus

scliol.

142 b

2,

Aristoteles ipse vero sirapliciter dicit ava-

AvTixa(v.e.g. 1005 b 4, 1031^8), quaraquameodemnoraine etiam pro capite sciiptorum Analytica priora significantur 162all Inde Aristotelis ad logicam pertinentium semper sint habita.

factum
et

est,

ut et doctrina Analytica ab Alexandro (schol. 141 b 25)

lo.

ipsa

demonstratio a

Philopono (schol. 31b46, 36al2)

dicatur dgyavov, hoc est instrumentum quo philosophia utatur

ad cognoscendam veritatem. Idera fere legitur ap. Nicephorura

Blerara.

TOLavtrjV
rj

smto^r] Aoytx^g Lips. 1784. xsq). ^'. dLdxQL6LV (veri et falsi, boni et mali
tisqI o

p.

23 Ttgog

trjv

intell.)

s^svgsv

cpiko6oq)ia trjv dTioSsL^LV

ogyavov snLtrjdsiotatov
tJ

ojcsq s6tl

t6 Aoyixdv, ijyovv
itats6zva6^svov.

xatayivstaL

loyLxr} TCQay^atsia, xai

s6tL t6 Xoyixov (pLko6oq)iag SQyaXslov xQSicp8s6tatov vt adtijg

Quare haud iraprobabile

est

quod contendit

O. Mielach (Diss. inaug. de noraine Organi Aristotelici Aug. Vindel. 1838), reliquos Aristotelis libros ad logicam pertinentes

294

Analytica posteriora.

a parte principali Organi nomen accepisse, quod auctor comm. anonyra. lib. I. Anai. post. cod. Monac. disertis verbis dicat: ksyttat,

81

iq

djtodEixrixT) hniGviq^ri
exkijQ^r].

^l^Xlov dQyavov
git

quod

dicit

oQyavov^ s^ ^g xal t6 okov unde apparet quomodo intelligendum C. Weinholtz (I)iss. de finibus g,tque pretio lo'

gicae Aristotelicae. Rostoch. 1825.

p. 3), niliil praeter Analytica sensum- illud vocabulum apud Aristotelem habeat, ex his potissimum locis apparet: 1253b28

ad Organon pertinere.

Quem

rav

8'

dQydvav

tcc (liv

dipvxa td d' sfi^vxa,

olov

toj

xv^bqvTtrj-

vijty 6 fisv o'ia^ dxpvxov^

QBtrjg ev

6 8b TtQcoQSvg e^tl^vxov 6 yccQ

dQydvov

e"8Ei talg thx^^aig iGtlv.

ovtcog xal tb xtijiia

dQyavov TiQog ^arjv sGtt, xal rj xtrjGig Tckijd^og dQydvav (5t/, xal 6 SovXog xTrjfid Tt Sfx^vxov, ycal &6zsq dQyavov nQo oqydvav nag 6 vjtrjQstrjg (quare manum 681^21 appeilat (JiTrgpat dgyavov TtQo dQydvav) ...td fisv ovv Xsyofisva oQyava Ttoirjttxd dQyavd s6tL, tb 8s atri^a 'JtQaxtL^KOV et quae seq. 12.)4a2 IT. Etiam artem oQyavov vocat alteram alterius, cui illa inserviat: 1094 a 12 xa^dnsQ vno t^v L7tJtLxr]v i^ xalLvonoLLy.iq. Quare dpyavixd fiSQr] tav ^<po3v non ea dicit quae nos (705 b 22), sed ea quibuscunque ad arbitrium utuntur animalia unde fit ut OQyava dicat quaecunque ad aliquam rem faciendam adiumentum afFerant, v. 163 b 11, 105 a 21. Ad eam verbi significationem, qua ipsa demonstratio appellatur dQyavov proxime Aristoteles accedere videtur 955 b 23 6 Q^sog OQyava sv savtolg rlfitv 8e8coxb

6vo, sv olg xQi^l^oiiB^a rolg sxrog OQydvoig, GcbyLan fisv ^619, tltvxij 8s vovv. s6rL yaQ xal 6 vovg tav q)v6si sv ijfilv aGnsQ

dQyavov vndQxcov et ib. vs. 35 vcjtSQOv 8s trjg tav ^^Et^wv 8vvdfiscog 6 vovg naQayivstai ijfiLv., otl nal td tov vov OQyavd l6tL tav tr]g x^i-Qog. sGtt yuQ vov fisv oQyavov snL<5rrifir], tovtco ydQ B6rt xQ^^^fitfiog, xad^dnsQ adkol avkrjry. Coll. 432 a 1 &6rB ij i^vx^] coGnsQ 7] x^^Q ^<J^tv 3tt ^9 Tq X^^^Q ^Qyavov sGztv 6qydvcov.,

de quo

I.

v.

Trdlb. de an.

p.

331.

Aristoteles

quum

in Analyticis prioribus

artem syllogisticam tradiderit, ut patefiat qxiibus ex partibus omnis syllogismus componi debeat et in quas dissolvatur, iam in Analyticis posterioribus demonstrandi
artera

quomodo arte syllogistica utendum quaedam et vera doctrina constituatur quare optime Brandis Ueber die Reihenfolge der Biicher des Organon in Abhh. d. Berl. Akad. 1833. p. 261 sntCr^^fiijv dno8sLxrtXJ^v quae in his libris traditnr reddidit per nostrura Wissenexponit, ut doceat
sit,

nt certa

Analytica posteriora.
schaftslehre".
ticis

Unde apparet

eara disciplinam

qnam

in

Analy-

posterioribus tradat Aristoteies

cum

ipsa pliiiosophia

na-

coniunctam esse, quod comprobatur iis qiiae leg\mtur 1005 b 6 orv nsv ovv xov q)Lko66q)ov xal xov TtiQi ndCrjg x^g ovclag &EaQovvxog j] necpvxBv. nal TtEQi xav Gvkkoyi,CxLxav dcQxav l6x\v ejtLOKSipaa&ai, d^kov. TiQoOiJKeL dexov^dtura arctissime

IlGxu yvcoQit^ovxa nsQL sxaOxov ysvog sxslv XsysLV xag ^s^aLOxdxag aQxag xovnQay^axog, co6xs xat xov tisql xavdvxav j]6vxa xag Ttdvxav ^sfiaLOxdtag. sGxl 6' ovxog 6 (pL?.66oq)og. 1006 a 6 s6xl

yaQ d7taLbsv6ia xb
aal xivcov ov
dst.

(irj

yLyvc66xsLV xivcov

dsl

t,T]xsLV

d7t68sL^LV

^sv yaQ andvxcov ddvvaxov d7t68si^LV tivtti,' slg dnsLQOv yccQ dv ^a8it,0L, a6xs (itjd^ ovxcog sivaL dnoQuare dicit 162 a 15 s6xl 6s (piko66cpr]y.a ^sv 6vkkoyLdsL^LV. dnodsLKXLX^s (cf. Trdlb. Elem. logic. Aristotelic. p. 99), 0fi6g quamquam latius patet cpiko66(prj^a de coel. 294 a 19 ojOte x6 fisv dnoQslv SL)c6xcog sysvsxo cpLko66cpr}^a 7td6Lv: nam (piko66(priyia hic vocatur quaestio quaecunque ad philosophiam pertidii66sL^Lg (de qua v. Trdlb. de an, p. 195 net. 198), quae non nisi veram demonstrationem apud Aristotelem significare solet, tamen etiam de falso sjllogismo dicitur 55 a 4, 28b31 coli. 43 b il et de eo qui ad absurdum deducit (27 b 3), qui ab Aristotele Sat^tg, non dTt68sLi,Lg appellari solet: quare mirum non
bloag

est quod dicit 1355 &.b ifj 8s 7ti6xLg d7t68sL^ig rtg (x6xs yccQ JtL6xsvo{iSv (xdkL6xa oxav d7tods6sixd^aL vTtokd^cofisv), s6xl 8' dTto-

bsihg
e6xlv

QrjXOQLxrj

ST&V(ir](itt.

Item

etiam

significatio

adiectivi

d7to6sLXTLji6g
rj

non premenda
.

est 1377 b 23 sjtsl 8' svsxa HQi^scjg

(irj

Qi^xoQi/ir]

dvdyxtj

(.i6vov

JCQog xbv

k6yov

OQttV,

lam vero qimm appareat esseuniversae pliiloquandam principalem Analyticam doctrinam sopliiae partem, non alienum videtur ab liocloco adscriberelocos
OTtcog d7to8sLXXi)ibg s6xaL

xal 7n6x6g.

ex quibus pateat quid de pliilosophiauniversa Aristotelessenserit: 1141 a 9 xr^v 6s 60(piav 'sv xs xalg xsxvaig xoig dxQL^s6xdxoLg svxavd^a (isv ovv otjQ^sv dkko 6rj(iuLxag xs-xvag d7to6i6o(xsv
. .
.

vovxsg

Tr/v
ri

6ocpiav ^ oxl dQSxrj xsxvrjg s6xiv.

Ib. vs.

16 g)6xs

dv xav S7tL6xr](ic)v sYt] t^ 6o(pia. 8sl ttQtt xbv 6o(pbv. (irj (i6vov xa sx. xcov dQxav slbsvai, dkkd xal 7tSQL xdg dQxdg dkrjd^svSLV. a6x' SLt] dv ij 6o(pia vovg xal S7tL6xr](iTj a67tSQ xs(paki]v sxov6tt S7tL6xi](ir] xavxLfnaxdxav. 982 b 25
dijkov OXL

dxQi^s^xdxrj

dijkov oi)v (og 6l' ov6s(iiav ttvxr]v ^rjxovfisv XQsiav sxsquv., dkk'

&0icQ dv&Qa7t6g (pa(isv

hksv^SQog 6 avxov svsxa xal

ft^

dk-

296
Xov
C3V
,

Analytica posteriora.
ovtcy
xccl avttj

ov6a tav eiii6t7j(iav' 992 a 24 bXag de t,ritQv6rjg trjg 6ocpiag neQl tav (paveQcav td aitiov ... In liis Ooqpta idem est quod (piXo6o(pia., quamquam etiam q)iko6o(pia ab Aristoteleita
^ovrj iXEv^eQa
liovTj yccQ adtrj avrrjg

evexsv eCtiv.

usurpatur, ut

eam yirtutem

siguificet

quae dvSQia, 6co(pQo6vvg

et 8iKaio6vv]] opponitur:

Qiag deZ TtQog tijv

6co(pQo6vvr]g

13:Ua23 dvSQiag fiev ovv zal xaQtedaxoUav (piko6o(piag 8e ^Qog t^v 6xolr]V,
,

de xal

dixaioOvvrjg

Eundem sensum quo

<piko6o(piav

ev d^q)0teQ0ig tolg xQovoig. nos hac voce utimur (pilo6o(pia saepius

v. e. g.

habet apud Aristoteiem,

191 a 25 t^ritovvteg yccQ ol

xata

TtQatot t^v dl'^&eiav xal trjv (pv6iv trjv

tav dv-

tcov e^etQd7ir]6av olov odov tiva dlh]v. Cf. 18.5 a 20 eneidr] neQi q)v6ea}g ^ev ov, <pv6ixag 8e dnoQiag 6v(i^aivei Uyeiv adtolg, i6a)g ^^ei

xaXag
rj

em

(liXQov 8iaXeypY]vai neQi a^ut&v'

exu

175 a 5 XQV^^l^Oi (lev ovv elol TtQog fiev (piko6o(piav (ad veritatem inveniendam, quae lioc ioco opponitur disputationi dialecticae) et quae dicemus ad 96bl5.
6xeipig.

yccQ (piXo6o(piav

De prima
(tevr]v
trjg

pliiiosophia v. 1004 a 3
'

66ai7ceQ ai ov6iai

tiva acd e^o6 tovtcrv 8e TteQi (lev tf]g dnivrjtov dQxfjg eteQag xal JiQoteQag diekelv e^zl cpiko6o(piag eoyov. 1025 b 25
Tcocjtrjv

to6avta &6te dvayxalov elvai

(leQr]

(piko6o(piag i6tiv

avtav.

.318 a

3ta6a 8idvoia

t/

TtQaxtixi]

7}

7coir]tixr]

i^

d^eoQrjtLxr].

1026 a 16
dvdyxrj

a6te tQelg av eiev (piko6o(pLai

d-eokoyixij.
rj

d^ecjQrjtixai, (la&rjj.iatncr] (pv6ix'^

8e nQcbtr] xal TteQl ;^aj^t()ra xal dxivr,ta.

ndki6ta 8e tavta' tavta yaQ a\'tia tolg (paveQolg rav &eiav. 1064 a 18 on (cev toivvv oijxe 7tQaxtixr]v ovte jcoiY]tixr]V dkka Q'ecoQi]tixr]V dvayxalov eivai tr]V (pv6ixr]v ejti6t^nr]v, S-^kov ex tovtcav elg 'ev ydQ rt tovtav tav yevav dvdyxr] jtinteiv avtijv. 1005 bl e6ti 8e 60(pia tig xa\ rj (pv6iXT^ 1037 a 15 tQonov tivcc dkk' o^u nQCott].
8e Jtdvta (lev ta aXtia didia elvai.,
'

trjg (pv6ixrjg

xa\ 8evteQag (piko6o(piag eQyov

rj

neQi tag al6&r]-

tag oi6iag %eaQia.

1061 b 19 ene\ 8e xat 6 [ia%r](iatixdg XQV~ rai toig xoivolg i8iag, xa\ tag tovtav dQxag dv elr] ^eaQr]6ai
neQ\ tav ev (leQSi ij 8e (piko6o(pia neQ\ tb ov 8\ tovtav 6xonel, exd6ta ti 6v(t^e^r]xev, oi5 7] nQCOtrjv elQ'^trjv 8e tav totovtav exa6tov Q^eaQei ov j] xa(iev eni6ti]{ir]v tovtav eivat xad^' o6ov ovta ta vnoxei(ievd
tr]g TtQcotrjg cpiko6o(piag
.
. .

/isv,

6tiv., dkk'

ovx

j]

eteQov
(leQr]

ti.

8i6 xa\ taijtrjv xa\ tr]v [lad^rjfia6o(piag

III.

tixr]v

em6t^(ir]v

trjg

eivat &eteov.
p. 11.

Cf. Biese

I.

p. .360, Ritter

Gesch. der Phil.

not. 3

p. 60. not. 1.

Analytica posteriora.

297

Primam

pliilosophiam
7j

^ &BC0Qei tb ov
d' 86tlv oiudsi-iLa

descrihit 1003 a 21 B6tLV 7Ct,0t^{irj rig ov xt ta tovta vnccQxovtK xad^' avto avtri

keyo^ivav rj avtiq' ovdsfiia yaQ zcov dXXav S7iL6xo7tH zad^oXov tcbqI tov ovtog tj dv dlla ^hQog avtov tL dnotsuvonsvaL TttQL tovtov &coqov(}L tb 6v(i^eReliquiim est, ut patefaciamus quam rationem do^ijxog. ctrina Analytica ad dialecticam haheat, quod optime intelligetur ex iis quae utrique sunt communia: velut de definiiv fiSQet
,

tav

tione
(iib.

et

in Analyticis agitur et in Topicis,

sed

ita

ut in his

YI.c. 4sqq.) doceatur quaiis definitio impugnaripossit, qualis

possit, in

non

illis vero quid sit vera definitio et quomodo conficiaItem et in Analyticis post. (I. c. 26) et in Topicis (VIII. c. 2) rectam demonstrationem ei praestare ostenditur quae ad ah-

tur.

surdum ducat, quamquam ratio ob quam altera praestet diversa sit: in Analyticis enim demonstrationcm rectam praeferendam
esse probatur inde, quod, quum ex priucipiis rei demonstrandae propriis conficiatur, natura sit praestantior , in Topicis

vero, quod

difficilius

sit

eam impugnare.

Denique qua

in re

doctrina Analytica

et

dialectica

differant Aristoteles ipse plu-

rihus locis significavit

(cf. 46a8, 162b.i2), ubi iili dicit propositum esse, ut ipsam veritatem quaerat, huic vero, ut prohabi-

lem quandam
Lib.
I.

veritatis

speciem

efficiat.

cap. 1.

Qiii discit

cognitiofietn

quandam iam ha-

et generatim scimus ea in rebus singulis interdum tiescimus^ quatnquam tion eodem modo, 29 utide solvitur difjicultas quaedam in Platonis Metione obvia.

bere debet, 11 eamque duplicem.

18 Quae universe

71 al

Simile initium est Eth. Nicomach.

o^OLCog 61 TiQaUg ts

n&Qa

tiyyri aal

%a6a
zl-

[is&odog,

xal TtQoaiQSOig ,

dya&oi)

vbg lcpLE69aL doxEi, uhi ^i^odog., quum vel viam et rationem significet qua cognitio quaecunque ad artis formam redigatur, vel etiam disciplinam ipsam quae artificio et via tradatur (cf. 402 a 14, 20), idem fere significat quod hoc loco iid^rjOLg dLavotjtL/i^. Deinde ^i&oSov vocat disputationem ipsam quae

de aliqua re
Tcav

instituitur

1289a26

Iv

tij TCQCoty

^Ed^odc) tceql

TtolLtELav

dLELkofiE&a tQElg

^iv tag

dQd^ag

TtohtEiag.

131? h 34 xa^^dnEQ ElQi^taL TtQOtEQOV Iv trj [XE&odco trj jCQb tavtf]g. Unde factum est, ut fisQ^odog 338 a 25 idem sit quod alias ab Aristotele dici solet ytQayfiateta: XoLnbv 6' l6t\ /ae-

298
Qog

Analytica posteriora.
tijs fiQ-6dov tavrrig

m ^toQritiov,
Cf.
[id^^rjGLg

o uidvteg ot 3tQ6t-

Qov fiiZECOQoXoyLav iKdXovv.

Darst. u. Vergl. d. Arist. u.
I.

p.

216

not.

quae dicit C. Heyder Krit. Hegelschen Dialektik. Erl. 1845.

dLavotjtixrj

Opponitur

(TiQog dvti-

dLa0toXr]V trjg alGQ^rjtLX^^g yvcoCEcog schol. 196 b 8), quod bene observavit Trdlbg. Eieni. logic. Arist. p. 19 (ed. III. p. 80), ex-

perientiae quae usu edocta ratione non ducitur (die rationale

Erkenntnifs der enipirischen). 1025b6 bkcog de na<5a

diavorjTLKrj
7]

eTCLOtrjfir]

^htiiovod ti diavoLag jkql altiag xal dQ%dg lotLV dKQL^e6tSQag d7tXov()tQag. Eadem fere oppositio locum 7] ^ habet 1103 a 14 ^Lttrjg di r^g dQEt^g oij6r]g, trjg ^lv diavorjTtxijg trjg ds T^Q^LKrjg
,

rj

^lv

dLavorjtLxrj

tb

nkuov
,

i% dida-

GxaXiag

exei Tcal trjv

yeveGiv xal tr]V av^rjGiv

rj

dLOTceQ e^TCEi-

Qiag deltaL xal xqovov'

d'

-^&tx^

e^

e^tovg neQiyivetat:

1450 a 2 Tieq)vxev aitLa bvo tav TtQd^ecov eivai, De diavoia v. Biese I. p. 89 a 2 ^Die im QidvoLa %al rj&og. Denken vorgehende Thatigkeit des Trennens iind Verbindens (t^ Gv^Ttkox'^ und jj dLaigeOLg) wird von Aristoteles didvoia genannt": quare Trdlbg. Elem. log. p. 66 (ed. III. p. 61) recte opponit t(o diavoelo^ai., quod veri inveniendi studium signiquare
dicit
ficet,

to vnolafi^dveiv (Ae quo

v.

veri inventi

d^cretum

constituat.

quae dix. ad66bl9), quod Ubi sensu latiori usurpa-

stes"(Biese

tur, didvoia recte vertitur ,.die intellectuelle Kraft des CeiII. p. 540), die reflectirende Thatigkeit des Gei-

stes" (t6 6Lavor]tLx6v

Biese

II.

p.

245), das Abstractions-

vermogen des Verstandes"

voiqOeLg.

(id. ib. p.

219): quare coniungundia-

tur 1324 a 20 dLdvoia xI ^eaQia.,

1325b20 &eaQLai xal

Quomodo

diiferaut tb 8LttvoelQ%ai et t6 voelv, ex-

posuit Trdlbg. de anim. p. 272. Aliam eiusdem vocabuli signi-

ficationem

habemus 1456 a 34 loLnov

. . .

be neQL Ag^gog

r}

dicc-

voiag

elTielv

0Tfc

de

xatd

tr]V

didvoLav tavta, oCa vtco

^eQr] 8e

tov X6yov del naQaOxevaGd^rivai.

dstxvvvai
^eIeov
r]

tovtav t6

te

dnooiov

%al t6 XvEtv xal t6 ndO^]] 7iaQa6xevdi,eiv.,

rj

cpo^ov

dQyrjV nal bca toiavta, xai eti fxsyE&og xal

enim didvoLav hic significare certam quae oratione se duci patiatur. Universam loci sententiam non satis accurate expressitBiese I. Jede besondere Wissenschaft mufs von allgemeinen p. 231 Grundsatzen ausgehenund diese voraussetzen, wenn das Lernen oderLehren uberhaupt moglich seyn soll" conveniuntenimcum
(iiKQ6trjta:

apparet

quandam animi

aff^ectionem,

'

Analytica posteriora.
nostro loco
vsrccL

299
y,dd^r]6ig
rcc

quae legiraus
dt,a

1029 b 4

ij

yag

oCtcj yi-

7ia6v
*

rav

rjrrov yvcoQi^av q^vCsi sig

,

yvchQi^a
rb

^i&kXov

3cai

rovro SQyov sGriv

sxaGrcp
rcov

coGtisq sv ralg nQdh,s6L

o/lajg

TtoiijGai Bx

t&v

dya^av ra
d'

dya&cc sxdGrco dya-

&d, ovrcog sx

aiura yvoQi^corsQcov

ra

t-tJ

q)vGSi yvco-

Qi^ia avrqj yvcoQi^a.

ra

sxdGroig yvcoQi^a xal TtQara JtoA-

hixig '^QS^a sGrl yvcjQifia, xal ihkqov ^ o^^tsv 's%si tov 6vtog' d}X '6\xcog sx tav cpavkcog ^sv yvcoGrav, avrcp 6s yvca-

ra oXog yvaGta yvavai nsiQarsov [isra^aivovrag. 992 b 26 &G7CSQ yocQ ta ysco^stQslv ^av^dvovn dkXa (isv sv(Jtwv,

8s%srai TtQosidsvai,

av

8s

rj

sniGri^fir]
8i]

xal ttsqI

cov nskksi

^av&dvsiv ov9sv TtooyiyvaG-ASi, ovrco

.

xal snl tcov dlXcov

?}

TC&Ga ^dO^rjGig 8id jtQoyiyvaG-KopiSvav

-iial
7]

jtdvtav

?)

nvav
iq

sGri,

8^

dn.o8sih,sag

t/

8^ oQiG^av'

8si yccQ s^ cov 6

OQiGfxog 7tQOSi8svai xal

STiaycoyrjg.

slvat yvcoQnia.

o^oicog

8s xal

8i'

1139 b 26 sk TtQoyivaGxo^svav 8s n&Ga 8i8aGxasv rolg 'Avakvnxolg ksyofisv

ij
iq

Xia, coGTtSQ yial

(isv yccQ 8i'

snayayrjg.f

7]

8s GvXXoyiG^ia.
,

usv
c3v

8r]

xal Toi) xad^oXov

6 8s GvXkoyiGpibg sx
,

UQa dQ%al
413 a 11
sy,

si,

cov 6 GvXXoyiGfiog
rj

sGn twv aad^dXov. SiGiv ovx sGn GvXXoyiG^iog

sjtayayr] aQxr]

STtaycoy)] ccQa.

(isv

aQa

smGriqfir]

sGrlv s^tg dno^Si-Kny,'^.

8s yiyvsrai rb Gacpsg

Twv dGacpav cpavsQarsQav

.

xal xara rbv Xoyov yvaQi^icorsQOV.

Etenim, ait, etiam disciplinae mathematiquae a sensibus et ab experientia quam maxinie remotae sunt, comprobant veritatem eorum quae modo diximus: nam non discuntur nisi ab iis qui quandam cognitionem iam sibi comparaverunt. 71 a 5 ot TS 8id ... V. Anal. pr. II. c. 23 et quae ibi diximus. Ex71 a 3 t TE yccQ
cae,
.
.

al' ts ^lcc GvXXoyiGfiav nal at Similem in scriToug T6 8id GvXXoyiG^iav xal tovg bendo negligentiam notavimus ad 67a35. Male Biese II. p. 7. 71 a 7 oi (isv, intell. ot 8id GvXXoyiGfiav.

spectabas ut diceret aut

aut

not. 3 ^vvisvrag vertit die Gebiideten".:

stoteles
.

nam quamquamArir]

dicit

Il42b34 S6n
. .
.

8e xal
rj

iq

GvvsGig xat
.

dGvvsGia
fxia

ovd^'

bXag t6 avrb smGr^fii]

oi5t
r]

86^]]

o^te Ttg
dsl

tav
jcal

xcctd fiSQog sniGrr]fiav

yaQ nsQi rav

ovrav
'^

dxivrjrav

GvvsGig sGnv ovts nsQi

cjv

twv yiyvofisvav

orovovv.,

dXXd nsQi

dnoQ^^GsiSV av tig

xai ^ovXsvGairo ...

8e

GvvsGig ZQLtmr] fiovov^ tamen

hoc^co

^vvisvrag vocat eos

300
qiii

Analytica posteriora.
non
ipsi ignorent
,

propositiones

debeat, sibi

quod concesserint, sed intelligant quid quas dederint et e\ quibus syllogisraus fieri veiint. Cf. 1005 b 15 ijv yccQ dvayxaiov sx^lv tbv

otiovv ivvdvta tcbv dvtcov, tovto 0^% VTio^tQiq. 1062 a 12 rovg bi] ^D.kovtag dkliqkoig Xoyov xotvav^CsLV dst tc 6vvuvtti avtav dst toivvv tav dvofidtav e%a6tov flvai yva.

QL^ov xal drjlovv

(ifjfiaivy,

Tt,

xal

^rj
ecp^

nolld, ^ovov

8'

'iv

'

av

8b TtXeia

(paveQov noLelv

b (peQei toijvo^a tovtav.

v.

TlalO
Ilal2

di' ev&vfir](idtav.

De enthymemate
3.

lOalO

et

quae

dixiraus ad
tcc

68b38
.

et
.
.

ad 70 a

Qualia liaec sint cognoscimus ex iis yaQ 1098 bl iKavbv ev tiGi tb ott detxd^ijvaL, olov aal nsQL aQxdg. 76a31 Xeya d' aQxag ev eycaGtcp yevet tavtag^ cig bxL eGVL fi^ IvdeietaL dei^aL. Cf. T6b6sq. et 37 tovg d' OQOvg {xovov ^vvieG^aL del. Quae, antequam disciplina ipsa quaecunque nobis tradatur, cognoscere debemus otL ecJrtv, axioniata sunt, quae vero cognoscere debemus ti tb Xeyo^ievov eGzL, definitiones sunt: unde fit ut disciplinam ipsam quamcumque praecedere debeant axiomata et definitiones, quod raonemus, ne quis cum intpp. graecis tb oti eOtLV et tb ti 6r]fiaiveL de iis intelligat quae sunt dedo^eva et ^rjtovfieva. Nametsidefinitioreinaturam non patefaciat, tamen quam vim habeat nomen quo res significetur exponit, ut etiamdefinitio nominalis, quae dicitur, utilitatem quandam iiabeat: quare dicit Aristoteles 213 b 30 JiQog 8e tb TCOteQag e^eL (TteQi zevov
fiev

quae

dicit

intell., el

sGtLV

tj

(.i'^.,

v.

ib.a 13) Sel Xa^elv ti Grj^iaiveL tovvo^ia.

71al8

Si quis notitiam habet generalem, simulatque aliquid occurrit quod genere, quod novit, continetur, id agnoscit (aua

in

Xau^dvav trjv yvaGLv) ut quod generi subiectum sit. Qua re quomodo falli possimus, expositum est 67 a 9 sqq.
vs.

quod bene explicatur schol. 197 b 16 trjv aLG&rjaLV jtQ06(idkkeLV, ostendunt, quo iure dicatur enayayr] ea deraonstrandi ratio quae a singulis ad universalia procedit. Trendelenburg (EI. log. Arist. p. 82 sq., ed. III. p. 84) enayayrjv non ab aiiditoribus inducendis, sed
Vs. 21 enayofievog et

24 eTcax^rjvaL

.,

ab exemplis afFerendis (eTidySLV naQa8eiy(iata) dictam putat.

Adstipulatur C. Heyder Krit. Darst. u.Vergl. der Arist. u.'Hegelschen Dialektik I. p. 219. not. Uncinis inclusimus verba

eviavys.2\

2^tLv6g.,

quia quae sequuntur jrptv 6' enax&rj-

vac arctissime cohaei^t

cum

iis

quae praecesserunt

vs. 21.


Aiialytica posteriora.

34)1

71a22 ov

dicc

tov (is6ov xb

e.

yv.

li.

e.

ov GvXXoyiG^a yvco-

Qi^STca xb

t,r]tov{isvov ,

aXV

dvayvcoQi^sxai ^ovov xb xaS"'

Qiiem 19Tb7). Similia collegimus ad .32al6. lL0ag raodeste loquentis est. Tla26 o yaQ Etenim qiiod quis ita ignorat, ut de ipsa eius exsistentia incertus sit, quomodo fieri potest, ut id ipsum duos angulos rectos habere sciat, si alterum cmkag eum nescire, alterum djtXas eura scire ponainus'? Hoc certe absurdum esset nam qui uno quodam modo (e. g. dTtlag) scit
sxaGxoVy xa^' ov vjtoxsi,(isvov leysxai xb xad^okov.

OvXkoyiGubv dicat bene explicat

Pliiiop. (v. sclioi.

qualis sit aliqua res,

is

nura

eadem

res exsistat necne

eodem

modo {dnXag)
lis

nescire

dara raodo eura scire,

Apparet igitur quoquodara raodo nescire rem, quae quapotest.

nisi

non

esset corapertura haberet,

muu

exsisteret ignoraret.
sit

dnXag

sldsvca

dicitur qui et

nura res

novit

et quid

sit,

ut nihil

eum
a

fugiat
5.

Plat.

mus ad 21 Men.

quod ad rera pertineat. Cf. quae Vs. 29 xb sv xa Msv. djiOQ. Locus

xal xiva
XQOJtov
t,r]xi]<jsig
,

dixiest in

80,

to

UcoxQaxsg,

xovto 8 ^^ 0100' xb TCaQanav 6 xl s6xl; nolov yccQ cov odx 0i69a noo^sfisvog ^rjx)^6sig; rj sl xal oxc ^dXcGxa svxvxoig ttTuxcp, nag Si6st, oxt xovto sdtiv, 8 (5v ovxfjdrjO^tt; Idem sophisma videtur in mente habuisse 1049 b 33 sqq. 71a33 Non bene difficultati medentur qui quae e. g. in mathematica de trianguio vei de alia re quacunque tradantur non de universo triangulo accipienda esse dicunt sed non nisi de iis triangulis quae cognoscat qui discat, quod subtiiitate disciplinae indignum est et quam maxime ab ea alienum: neque euim mathematica discentibus eara conditionem facit, ut, si quid triangulum esse inteliigant , id duos rectos angulos habere debeat, sed potius ita mathematicam discunt, ut triangulum quodcunque, sive notura sive etiara ignotum, duos rectos anguios non liabere non posse certissimum sit. Etenim rainirae absurdum est (b 1) eura qui discat quandam cognitionem iaiu habere eius quod discat, sed absurdum esset, si quis hocraodoillud iam nosset, scilicet si quatenus et quoraodo rem disceret, eam iara cognitaiu haberet. Vs. 6 s6tiv cog sm6xa69ai. Cf. 959 a 13 snl ^sv tijg dxl^scog 's6tiv co6ts (paLvs6d^ai tb v dvo. 1021 a 3 dib 6vvs^r] cpa^sv xal h6tiv cog noiSi, dnXcog d' oi). Cum iis autera quae habemus vs. 8 cf. 1011 a 24 dib xal cpvXaxtsov oti ot) tb (paivo^is-

.,

302 v6v B6tiv

Analytica posteriora.

dlka xb cpmvo^ivov (paivEtaL xal ots (paivEtai , xal jj^xal ag. 1068 b 23 tb 8s dxivrjtov to ts oAog ddvvatov
xi,vri9ijvai...xal tb Tcscpvabg ^ev xtvsiC&at,
fit]

dvvdfisvov 8s
xal o6ov
ital

ots Tcscpvxs xal ov xal

*>cog.

1109 a 28 tb

8' d)

ots xal ov svExa xal g, ovxsti jcavtbg ov8s Qabiov.

De

coel.

311 a 5 cpavsgbv

8t]

oti dvvdfisi, 6v, slg EvtslixSLav Ibv sqxe-

tat sxsi xal slg toGovtov xal tOLOvtov.,

ov

ri

svtsXixsia xal

O0OV xal oiov xal bnov.

Cap. 2. Scientia est cognitio rei., quatenus necessario prodiit es causa. unde Jluxit. 17 Qualia esse debeant., es quibus vera scie7itia per demonstrationem comparari possit exponitur. 72 a 7

De

Quid sit thesis., axioma^ es quibus demonstratur, tum etiam ea quae iis opposita sunt magis stabilia et perspicua esse debent quam id quod demonstratur.
principio demonstrationis.
.,

15

hypothesis

defmitio.

25

Quum

ea

71 b 9

E7tL6ta6^aL 8s ol6^s%' sxacStov. Cf. 184 a 12 t6ts yaQ olo^t^a yLVCoGxEiV exaCtov, otav tcc aitia yvcoQidoasv tk TiQCita xal tag dQ%ag tag nQcotag xal hsxql tav OtOLXsicov. 1028 a 28 ot (ilv yccQ 's^tislqol tb otL (isv XcaGL., 8i6tL 8' odx
vGa6LV'
ol 8s tb 8L6tL xal trjv aitiav yvwQii^ovGLV.
Ib.

b28
sl-

trjv 6vo(ia^o(tsvrjV

Gocpiav tisqI

tcc

TtQcota aXtia xa\ tag aQ-

Xag vnokafi^dvovdL ndvtsg (coll. 194 b 18). dsvaL t6t' 0L6fis&a exaOtov (idXL6ta, otav
jtog yvatfisv
Ttoij
,

1028 a 36 xal
tb jtoGbv
,

ti sGtiV 6 av^QcoJ ?)

tj

tb

tcijq

p.aXKov

?J

tb noLbv

tb
ti

EJtsl

xal

a^itav tovtcov tbts sxa6tov LOfiEv

?)

otav

E6tL tb

no6bv

tb JtoLbv yvafisv.
Ix

765 b 5 dkka Xiav tb Xsti]g

ysLV

ovtc}

TtbQQcaQ^sv sGtiV

antsG^aL

altiag,

8sl 8' ott

fidkiGta %Q06dysLV
aiticov.

tav
.,

Ev^ExofLsvcov syyvg tcov UQCotcov

71 b 10 tbv xata 0V{i^s^r]x6g v. quae diximiis ad 43a34. De eo qiiod dicitiir xata 6v[ips^T]x6g optime disputaverunt Trendelenbg. de an. p. 188, Ritter Gesch. d. Pliil. III. p. 132. not.2. 1064 b 27 tovto 8s (t6 Gvii^E^T^xbg intell.) oddsfiia ^ijtSL tStv
oiioXoyovfisvog ovocov
6v[i^s^)]xbg
s7tL6tt]fiG)v

nXr^v

rj

6ocpL6tiX7]

tlsqI

t6

yaQ

avtr] (i6vr] nQayfiatsvstaL'

8^8 TlXdtcov ot^

fir]

jcaxwg sXQr]XE cpr]6ag tbv 6ocpL6tr]V nsQL t6

(cf.
fisv,

ov bLatQi^SLV

1026 b 14).

1065 al

s6tL

8r]

tb 6V[i^s^r]xbg b yiyvstav

odx dsL 8' ov8' s^ dvdyxr]g od8^ cog snl tb noXv. 265 b 10 ov yaQ dvayxalov tb 6vfi^s^r]x6g, dkX' sv8sx6fiEV0V fir] slvai.

Analytica posteriora
1026 b 3 nQaitov nBQi xov %arcc Gv^^B^rjxdg Aejcteov, otl
dsfila s6tI tcsqI
*

303
o?;-

avzov d^saQia. Crjfisiov ds ovdsnUc yocQ sni6x^^.1} smfislsg nsQi avxov ovxs nQayixiyirj ovrs noLrjxLKT] ovxs &sc3Qi]xix7i. Ib. 21 cpaivstaL yccQ x6 Ov^i^s^rjxbg syyvg xl xov 6fj?.ov 8h xal sx xav xolovtov koyoiv xav ^sv fi^ dvtog. yccQ ccXXov tQonov ovxav sgxl ysvsGLg y,al cp%OQd, tav dh xata <5vfi^s^r]x6g ovx s6tLV. 102T a 5 tav ^isv yccQ akXav Iviots dvvdyiSLg slclv ai noLfjXLxai, xav 8' ovds^ia xs%vri ov8s 8vva^Lg aQiC^svr]' tav yccQ xata 6vfi^s^r]K6g dvtav 7} yLvousvav xal t6 uulov sGtL xata Gv^^s^7]x6g. Qiiare dicitiir (pd^siQSGd^aL xatcc Gvfi^s^r]x6g quod interit cum eo et non nisi per ipsum eius interitum in quo inest vel cui adhaeret: 465 b 4 cpQ^siQStat yccQ tcc ^lv vndQ^ovta xolg svav'

xioLg xaxcc Gv^^s[ir]x6g,

xa

sxslva

(intell. oig

vndQxsL)
(II. p.

g)0"ft-

QSG^aL

unde apparet haud male a Biesio

verti ,,beziehuns:sweise".

91) xaxcc

Gv^^s(3r]x6g

1025 a 14 Gv^^s^r]x6g
f

XiysxaL o vndQXSL ^iv xlvl xal dXr]%sg sinslv, ov fisvxoL ovx'

ccvdyx)]g ovx^ snl x6

noXv

od8s

8r]

aXxLOv (X)qlG(isvov ovd^sv xov

8'

Gv^^s^rjxoxog dXXcc x6 xv^ov

xovto oix

8^ xal

sGtL t6 Gv^^s^r]x6g, dXX'

XsysxaL 8s xal dXXag Gvu^s^r]x6g.,

ysyovs ^sv aito dXV j] j] sxsqov olov oGa vndQxsL sxdGxco

. . . . .

doQLGtov

xa%^ avx6

^r]

sv

xf]

ovGicc ovxa',

olov

xa

XQLycovcp

x6

8vo
8'

dQ&ag
odd^sv:

sxsLV.

xal xavta ^sv sv8sxsxaL dt^La slvul, sxsivav

dicuntur igitur Gvii^s^rjxoxa

substantiae neque per se ipsa consistunt,

quaecunque non sunt sed de aliis prae-

dicantur (1017 a 12 t6 yccQ t68 sivaL x68s Grj^iaivSL x6 Gv^l-

xaSs x68s) vel quocimque alio modo illis adhaeI. p.63. not. l: quare t6 <Jua|Se/3;^xds et tfj oiGia opponitur (cf. 83a2T. lOlTaHl xovxcp yccQ 8LC0QLGtaL odGia xal t6 (Jv,u/3f/3iyxds" t6 yccQ Xsvxov ta dv&Qcona Gv^(3s^r]xsv, cf. Biese I. p. 82. bxL sGti ^sv Xsvx6g dXX' o{)X bnsQ Xsvx6v not. 5 etp. 259. not.) et Torg xa^' avtcc vndQXOvGLV (cf. T3b9,
^^r]xivaL
rent,
v.

Biese

1015 b 16, Biese I. p. 1.30. not.) vel TOtg cpvGSL yLyvo^svoLg: 406 a 15 si 8s XLVsltai fir] xata Gv^^s^r]x6g, q)vGSL av vndQSimul etiam apparet quomodo explicanda XOL xivr]Gig avxfj. sit repugnantia quae in eo esse videtur, quod xa xad'' avxcc vndQxovxa aliis locis dicxmtur Gv^^s^rjxoxa^ aliis vero iis opponuntur naraque Gv(is^r]x6xa appellahtur tum omnia quae non sunt substantiae, etiamsi necessario de his praedicentur, tum maxime ea quae substantiis ita adhaereant, ut non ne:

304
cessario

Analytica posteriora.

cum

iis

coniuncta

sint.

Quare
rj
. . .

dicit

75 bl

tcc 7idd'i]

xal xa %aQ'^ avta Gvfi^e^rjxota dijkoi 8b 6v^^s(ir]x6tc3v ^t] Jta^' avxa

dst.xxixi]
,

dn68ui,ig.

75 a 18 xav

ovx, iGtiv sxi6ti]fir]

iis

dnoquos

ut non

mirum
b30
tisqX

sit,

quod, quamquam

locis

supra adscripsimus scientiam dari

gaverit,

Ovii^sl^rjKOxav aperte ne-

tamen

l.'i55

dicat: laxQixi] tisql vyisivov v.a\ vo-

CSQov xal ysco^sxQia

xal dQL9^r]Tt,x}]
tisql

dQL&u6v.
tcsql

xa 6vix(is^7]x6xa Jid%r] xolg ^sys&s^L 465 b 1 dvayxalov ds TtQaxov

sxaOxov ysvog., ooa xaO'' avtk 402 b 17 solxs d' ov y.6vov xb xi Iqxi yvavaL XQiqGLiiov slvai TtQbg xb %^saQr]6aL xag aixiag tav 6v^^s^r]x6tav talg ovdtaig dkXa xal dvdTtahv xa (jvfi^s^r]x6ta evfi^dXXstaL ^sya (iSQog JtQog xb sldsvaL xb xl soxlv iitsibav yaQ Exafisv dTtodid^vaL xata xr]V (pavtaGiav tcsqX xav 6v(i^s^r]x6xav, rj itdvxav ^ xav nXsi6xav^ xots xai TtSQV xr]g ov6iag sB,o[isv Xsysiv '/,dXXi6xa. 193 b 27 si yaQ xov cpvTidGiV VTcdQiSL toig
t,(pOLg.
. .
.

xa 6v^(is^r]x6ta dLslslv

6LX0V xb

xi

s6xiv iqXiog
fxr^dsv^

r]

6sXr]vr]

sidsvaL.,

xav

dh 6v(i^s(ii]xt]

x6tav xaQ' avtd

^r]x6g XB

dtonov. Item 203 b 33 et 955 b 20

xaO"' avt6.

oieia opponitur t6 6v{i^s^r]xbg

vndQxsiv.,

186bl8 6V(i^B-

yaQ Xsysxai xovxo, r] o svbsysxai vndQxsLV nal fir] ) ov sv xa X6ya vndQxsL xb a 6vn^s^r]xsv, '^ sv a sxl o6a sv xa oQL^XLxa 6 Xoyog vndQxsc a 6vfi^s^r]xsv X6ya lvs6tiv r] li, av s6tiv, Iv xa Xoya xa xovtav ovx svvndQxsL 6 X6yog 6 tov oXov. 71bl5 Veram scientiam non dari nisi eorum quae aeterna sint nec xmquara mutentur et hic docet et in seqq. v. 74b36 39, 75b24. Pugnare cum his videntur quae dicit 32bl8 Bm6x^(17] 8b xal 6vXXoyL6nbg dnodsixxixbg xav (isv doQi6xav ovx B6tL did tb dtaxtov slvaL tb (is6ov tav ds ns(pvx6tav (h. e. xav ag snL xb noXv 6vxav) l6xLV, quod, quum Aristoteles in Analyticis prioribus scientiam non definiat, sed de
. . .

ut BnL6xi](ir] sensu laItem quamquam opponitur aiO'&9^(jf t 87b28, tamen 451 a 27 a'i6&r]6Lg ipsa dicitur BnL6xi](ir]. Cf. quae de BnL6xi](iy disseruit Biese I. p. 230 sqq. not, C. Heyder Krit. Darst. u. Vergl. der Arist. u. Hegelschen Dialektik. Erlang. 1845. I. p. 307. not. Ambiguitatem verbi sni6ta6%aL Aristoteles ipse explicuit 67 b 4 tb yaQ sni6ta6%aL Xsystat XQLxag, ^

syilogismo agat,

facile excusatur ita,

tiori

accipienda

sit.

ag

xTj

xa&6Xov

i^

cog xtj oixsia

rj

cog

ta

svsQysiv.

1146b3l
oi5

8ixG>s XsyoyiBv xb Ini6ta6^ai'

xal yccQ 6 sxcav (isv

XQ^'

Analytica posteriora.
(isvog

305

di

tji

Quomodo naiSda opponatur

der Phil.
III. p.

emat^^r] xat o XQayL^vos Xsystai B7tL6ta6&ai. Imat^fn]^ exposuit Ritter Gesch.

26. not. 1.

Tlbl6 Pierumque per demonstrationem

scientia comparatur: quare quae ad veram demonstrationem requiruntur (rs. 21 sqq.) ex ipsa scientiae notione fluere debent. lam igitur ut vera defiat,

raonstratio
(v.

ea

ex quibus conficitur vera esse

43bll

o6(p 5' dkr]9s6tQcov

iis

evtioqtI tig intell.

fidXXov
. . .

debent

dnodsl^eL coU.

quod quid
25

sibi veiit

quae habuimus 53b8sqq.), explicat 72 a 5 dicens sx.

deinde prima,
JtQcotcov d' iotl

unde apparet verbis ovtco vs. 22 non tam exphcari, cur dfieOa, yvcoQt^coteQa et attia tov OvnTteQaC^uatog esse debeant ex quibus demonstratio conficiatur, quam cur TiQara esse debeant. Eandem fere vim habet to JCQCotov 7 a 1 oi) yccQ OLaeiwg to TCQatov dnodBdotac
t6 e^ ccQxcav oixsicav:
E7Ct,6t7j^rjv

TCteQov oQVL^og,

Cf. 323 a 7 tojtov de dLaq)OQa TCQcbtt]

(li.

e. ij

tOLavta tav dvtLKei^evcov. dQxal olyieiaL autem sunt eae quae scientiae quam efficere volunt propriae sunt et ipsa natura cum ea coniunctae, v. quae dedimus ad 46 a 10. De notione vocis TtQcotog cf. 100 b 18 e6ti
oixeLOtdt}]) tb dvco y.al xdtco yML ta

de dh]%r] ^ev xal

nQata
tav

tcc

fi)]

dc'

eteQcov dXkcc 8l'

avtav

exovta

tr]v TtiGtiv:

quaredicit 982 a 26 dxQL^eOtataL de tcov enLTtQcotcov eioiv,

h. e.

Ctrjfiav di fLdhGta

quae principiis

utuntur

29 autem iunguntur ta dtdLd te xat TCQcota. Deinde v. quae diximus ad 16a6, I. p. 372 extr., et ad 66b20, quibus addimus 1014 a 26 6toi%eLOV Xeyetac e^ ov 6vy'/,eitaL TtQcotov evvTtdQxovtog^ ddLacQetov ta BLdsL sig
simplicissimis.

quam

335

410 b 15 ta de 6T0Lxeid cpa6L TtQcota tav ovtcov sicut 72 a 6 , idem est qxiod tb aXtiov quare etiara 998 a 23 ta 6t0LXSLa circumscribit dis. 7] dQXt]: cens | cov evvnaQxovtav e6t\v exa6tov nQCorov quamquam ex iis quae sequuntur facile aliquis coniiciat scribendum esse nQcotcov pro nQcotov: pergit enim otov (pcjvrjg ^toLxela xat dQXal doxov6LV eivaL Tat)T' s^ cov 6vyxsLvtaL at cpcoval nd6ai Sed nihil rautandum nam plus semel liac voce sic nQcotcov.
eteQOV sidog.
,

SLvaL

ubi to itQatov

usus est Aristoteles

e. g.

nQcot7]v

nohv

tav dvayxaicov

x^Q'''^

6vvs6tr]xvlav nd6av.,

1291 a 17 dicit eam quae non

tr]v
nisi

ea compiectitur quae civitati maxime sunt necessaria et sine quibus esse omnino nequit. 1326 b 7 nQcottjv ^sv sivaL noUv

dvayxaXov
II.

tr]v ex

to6ovtov nXrjd^ovg b nQatov nX^d^og avtag20

Analytica posteriora.
xsg TCgbg t6 sv t^v s6tl xatcc t^v noXitixrjv xovvaviav.

Qno

sensii

quae opponantiir td) TtQcotco videmns 1310 b 4

t^

de tvQavvXg f ^ 6ki1

yaQxiag rijg vGtdtrjg OiJynHtaL xal drj^oxQatlag. 13 2 b 5 xal yaQ drjuoxQatla rj tBktvtaiatvQavvig sGtcv. Ib. iiioCag altiag el7J
Qrjxa^ev tfjgte dAi j^ap;^tagT^s dnQdtov xalrelsvtaiagKal
IxoxQatiag
tijg s6xdtrjg, tijg drj'9'5Toi/.

toGavtag xal

trjg

tvQavvidog

132()a 17 eTisld' attekevtulai 8ri^o'/,QatiaLnokvdv^Qconoitesl6v

xaiiaksTcbv

exiiX7j6idt,siv

duiG&ovg

. .

Undecollatisiis qnaedixisit{;/l?^ TrpajT;^

mns ad 25bi3
tQScpov eorlv
tOTicp

lacile intelligitnr qnid

5.

etTcAevTata

qnamdicit 10 17 a

Qnibnsaddimusqnaclegnntur4l6b22T6^V

r; 474 a 29 dioTieQ ev d) TCQCotcp TTQCotr] ipvxi]tov Ocjnatog xal ev cr jtQcotcp tov roTiov tovtov [loQi(p tt^v aQxrjV dvayxalov tivav tijv toiavrrjv^ svtai)&a xal t7]v TtQcatrjv tijv Q'Qe7ttvxrjv xpvxiiv dvaynalov vitdQxevv. 778 b 33 Tdre nQC)r6ve6rLt,cpov, otav aiOd^rjCLg ye.vTjtaL nQCorov. 413 b 4 al6^r']6eag ds nQcorov vndQxev ndGvv dcpiq: qnare 455 b 10 tb tvjbv al6d^r]tr]QL0v opponitur tc nQcotcp (b al6%dvetaL ndvtcov: nam t6 nQcrtov ale&rjrLxbv 451 a 17 est id in qno omnis sensus ori^inem habct s. id quod primum est quod rebus cxternis afficitnr. Singnlaris usns est vocis nQatov 999 b 12

rd ds yeyovbg dvdyxrj sivav ors nQ&tov yeyovev, ubi ote TtQC}tov idem fere significare videtur quod latine dicimus nt

primnm".

d^e6a snnt quae

vs.

27 dicnntnr dvanobevicta.

11^17 v6teQov eQOv^ev, v. 72bl9 sqq. et 76bI6 sqq., ubi eam scientiam prlmam omnium et perfectam esse ostendit, quae
principia cog-noscat qnae ipsa demonstrari nequeant.

71b2l Ilaud male

tinm

Preller histor. phil. gracco-romanae ex fon-

Hamb. 1838. p. 247 Ta jr^WTa et rd nQ6tSQa ita distinguenda dixeris, ut illa significent propositionem maiorem, haec minorcm quae alicni scientiae propria esse delocis context.

29." De iis quae dicantnr in^poTfpa iam egicoll. 88b27 mus ad 14a26, quibnscnm cf. Trendelcnbg. Elem, logic. Arist. 81, Biese I. p. 333 sqq. Quae hoc loco nQOteQa dip. 79

bet

cit Aristotelcs,

ea, ut ipse explicat vs. 31 sqq.

,

duplici sensn

sunt nQOtSQa tov 6vnneQd6{iatog

6v^neQd6^arog {nQotfQa
bent {nQ0yiv(a6ii6fieva h.
videntur
(ps6tSQa

tfj
e.

tum quia suut atTia tov cpvOev)., tnm quia praenosci deConvenire

n^bg rj^ag nQbreoa).

o6og
jcat

cnm hoc
tf]

loco quac habentur 184 a 16 necpvae ds ex

ijfiLV
T]

tcbv yvc3QL^cot8QCOV
(pv6ei

6acps6rsQC0v env td 6a-

xal yvcoQiiidrteQa'

yvcoQv}ia xav dnXcog ...

ov yaQ ta&ca iqiilv ts At quae sequuntur pugnant cum iis

'

Analytica posteriora.
qiiae dicit
GurpYi

307
TCQ&rov dijkaKal
ix

72 a4: pergit eniin

'

(JTt

6'

rjniv
8'

xa OvyMiv^iva ^dkkov

vOtsqov

rovtav

fivetai,

yvcoQiua xa Ototxsia xal at aQxal diaiQovOt tavta. dio sx tav na&oXov stcI ta xa&' Bza6ta 6sl TCQolivai. tb yaQ oAov

xata tr^v a'i6&)]6iv yvcoQi^cJtSQOv , tb bs Ka%6kov okov xl iotiv TCoXka yaQ nsQikan^dvsi cag iiSQri tb v.a%6kov. Quae quldem repnfrnantia quomodo explicanda sit, optime exposuit C. Ileyder Darst. u. Vergl. der Arist. u. Hegelschen Diaiektik I. p. 164 sqq. Deindedeiis quaesintyvcjpi/iCOTEpci; cf. 142a2 4, 9 11 et 188 b 32, ubi distinguit yvoQi^axsQa nata tbv A6yov et yvcJQL^atSQa xata xr^v aX6&r]6iV., quod illustrat 189 a 5 dicens xb ^sv yaQ xaOdAou xaxa xbv koyov yvcoQifiov, xb 8h xaO^' sna6xov xaxa xrjv ai6Q^ri6iV' 6 fisv yaQ Xoyog xov xa&dAoi', rj 8' al'6&7]6ig xov xaxa (xsQog. 1077 b l aAA' ov ;ta'vra 06a xd) X6y(p TCQOtSQa, xal xt} oi'6ia tcq^xsqu. xrj ^lv yaQ

ov6ia TCQotSQa 66a xoQ^^to^^va

8s o(JcDv ct X6yoi sx tcov
Distinguit igitur
XSQOV.,

td) sivai vnsQ^dkXsi, ta X6y(p l6yov taiita 8h ov% aua vTcaQXSi. Aristoteies causam exsistendi (t6 ov6ia 7Cq6

den llealffrund. die Ursache) et rationem cognoscendi quamqnam ne nQ6xsQ0Vj den Erkenntnifsgrund) lioc quidem discrimen semper ab eo servatur: 1035 b 12 ajtJ^' 66a ^sv ^sQr] cog vXt] xal slg cl 8iaiQSixaL ojg vXr]v v6xsQa 66a 8s (bg xov X6yov (definitionem intelligit) aal xijg oi5(to

k6ycp

oiag
1084 b

xi] g

xccxa xbv

k6yov
rj ij

7CQ6xsQa

7]

Tcdvxa

r]

svca.

7 xal s6tL ^tsv cog

6Q&r] TCQOtSQa trjg d^sCag., otL &Qi6^sLa, oxl [iSQog xal sig xa-vrj

6taL xal

ta

X6y(p' s6tL 8' cog

cog
,

xr]v 8iaiQSixaL.
7]

^sv
c5g

8rj

vlr]

6^Sia xa\ xb 6xoi%slov xal

xata t6 scdog xal tr]v ovoiav xr]v xaxa xbv X6yov r] 6Q^r] xal xb oXov xb sx x^g vXr]g xat xov s"8ovg syyvtsQov yaQ tov sX^ovg xal ov 6 X6yog xb Opponuntur etiam t6 TiJ ysvs6si a^cpco, ysvs6sL 8' v6xsqov. {%Q6vcp) et t6 tr] ov6ia 7CQ6tSQ0v 1077 a 1 t6 yaQ dtsXsg fisys^og ysvs6SL iisv 7CQ6tSQ6v s6tL tf] ov6icf 5' v6tSQ0v olov dxpvxov s^xl^vxov. 999 a 12 sv 8s tolg dt6^oig o&x s6tL t6 [ilv TcgbtSQOv t6 6' v6tSQ0V. Ut initio doctrinae physicae mentio fit discriminis quod est inter Ta ^alv yvcoQiaa et Ta anXag yvcoQLfia., sic etiam idem innuit Aristoteles doctrinam de moribus expositurus 1095b2 aQxtsov [isv ovv dnb tcav yvcoQi[lov, tavta 8s ^Lttag Ta fisv yccQ r][i,iv ta 8' dnXcog. Idem discrimen quo sensu acceptnm servaverint alii, e. g. Athena20*
(xovag TCQbtSQOV
8s

308

Analytica posteriora.

goras et Origenes, exposuit Ritter Gesch. der Phil. V. p. 309. et 48T.

71b27 OTt ovx. S7tL0ry6tcci^ iiiteli. tcc dTiodeixta. 12 a 9 De propositione dialectica V. qnae divimus ad 20b22
iis

coll.

quae dedimus ad 24a25. 72al5 d^s^LV non semper eo sensu usurpat Aristoteles quera hic indicat: nam 65bl4, ()6a2, 73a9 sq. idem lere est quod id quod non demonstratum sumiVTCoQ^BOig s. VTCoxei^utvov Idem appellat (pd6i.v 65b20: quocum convenit quod tur.
.,

12^20
plicet

24

td(pa6iv:

nam

&B0LV et vjiod^s^iv distinguit sicut (pdCiV et xadefinitionem &e6t,v appellat, quippe quae exsit,

quid aliquid
sit

propositionem

vero quac decernat,

an non sit, i);rdi)^(jiv vocat. IIocloco (12^15) negationem definit; alfirmationem habenisi per non &e6LV mus 104 b 19 deCLg de eaxLV VTioXri^Lg naQddo^og tav yvoQirj JceQL cov Xoyov e%o^ev evav^av tLvbg xata (pikodocpLav
aliquid
.

num

TLOV ralg 86taLg.

Ib.

35 6ie8bv 8e vvv ndvza ta dLakextLxa

Cf. schol.

TiQO^kriiLata ^eCBLg xakovvtaL.

98a47.
(v.
I,

De

vtiosicut
ita

^eCec cgimus ad 40b25.

saepius

Quibus adiiciendum
est

est,

quod

vnodeOLg etiam vnotl&ea&aL {ka^elv vTto&eOLV

idem

quod 6/ioAoyia
dit'

p.

433),

dkkov) 120 a 3 est

nti concessione quam fecit adversariug. 12 a 17 De axiomate v. quae dicit 75a42 tQLa ydQ e6tL ta Iv .ev dh td d^tcotalg dnodei^eGLV, ff fiev tb djtodeLXVvfievov
. .

(lata'

d^LCO^ata

d'

lCtLV l^ cav.

76bl4 ta aoLvd kefo^eva

997 a 5
ei

d^LCOnata, e^ cov TtQCotcov dnodeixvvGL.

xtLxij TteQL

6e dnodei-

avtav
,

{tcov xolvcov do^cov) eOti,

8e^6eL tL yevog

elvac VTtoxei^evov
TteQt

xal ta fiev Ttd&r] ta

d' d^LCOfiat'
'

avtav.
0v/Lt-

Ttdvtcov yccQ

ddvvatov

ditodeLh^LV etvaL

dvdyxr] yaQ ex
'

rtvcov fivat xal TteQi tt xal ttvav t:^v dTtodet^LV

aOte

na0at xa&oXov yccQ yccQ al djtodeLxnxal xQavtat rolg d^LCoixaGLV [idhGra xal ndvtav dQxal td d^Lco^ard eCnv. Alium sensum habet 62al3 (coU. vs. 16 sq.), ubi d^ia^ia svdo^ov appellat quod, quum speciem veritatis habeat, si petatur, facile concedatur. Sic lOOlh 11 d^iafia dixit quod &e6LV alias vel etiara simpliciter Adyoi' vocare solet el dSLatQerov airb rb sv., xard ^ev t6 Zi^vavog d^ia^ia oi&ev dv slr].
^aivsL Tidvtcov eivaL ysvog sv rt rcbv deLxvvfievav
. .
.

72a26 roLovrov, quera significavit 71b21 sqq. 72a28 f} Ttdvra ) tVw, aut orania aut certe nonnuUa,

si

qni-

Analytica posteriora.

dem,

iit

demonstremiis

qnod voliimus, non omnibiis

Titiqiie

principils opus est,

sed interdum demonstratio nonnisi qui-

busdam

principiis utitur, ut conficiat

r/

quod

velit.

Item atque

hoc loco addidit

ndvxa ^
.

Ivia 103.Jbl4 (cf. ib. vs. 6etl9),

quem locuni modo 12a34 ^iiqxh ^tXxiov

xai
7]

adscripsimus ad 7lb21.
.

h. e. xat TTQog

a ^rjda ^sXxiov didxfi-

Ixvyxaviv sidcjg s. ^i]X8 fiikxLOv excov Ttgbg avxa ^ 6 iidag. Cf. 83 b 34 cov d' ioxlv d7i68eit,ig , ovxe ^sIxlov lyiLV iy%ciQil
si

ngbg tt^dxh xov HdsvaL., oiir' ubivai dvsv dTCodsi^scjg. Fieri, ait, non potest, ut quis ea quaencque sciatnequemagisinpotestate

quam
p.

habeat et quasi sua fecerit quam is qui sciat, certiora putet ea quae sciat (quod non satis clare expressit Biese I.

237

Es

ist

unmoglich,

dafs

raan

dem mehr Giauben

schenkt, was olme das Andere

niclit

gewufst werden kann

und ailein fiir sicli die Eikenntnifs nicht fordert"). Scit autem ea quorum demonstrationem intellexit: quare si ea non scit, unde demonstratio fluxit, sequitur eum pro certioribus
habuisse ea quae nesciat (propositiones
monstratio confecta est) qiiam ea
inteli.

ex quibus de(id

quae sciat

quod de-

Quae sequuntur Biese vertit: ^Diefs ist aber der Fall, wenn raan vorlier nicht das kennt, was vermittelst des Beweises die Ueberzeugung bewirkt", quasi scriptum exstaret si (ii] XLg TCQoyvcoOixai- xa dc^ djtodEL^iv niGxovvxa. Imo ad 7iQoyvd>6sxaL mente intelligendum est xa
raonstratum
est).

i| C3V 6 6vXXoyL6^6g (vs. 27)

s.

xag dQ^dg

(vs. 36).

..Si

nemo

eorum

(li.

e. nisi

oranes) qui propter demonstrationem fidem

sint, pracnoverit ea ex quibus

habeant
12 b

iis

quae demonstrata
sit."

demoustratio facta

l Non solum demonstrationis priucipia certiora esse de~ bent quam id ipsum quod deraonstratiiin est, sed etiam iis quae principiis illis opposita sunt nihil ciarius esse debet.

Nam mum

scientia

non

satis

firma esset et stabilis, nisi certissi-

esset ea non vera esse quae principiis

:

monstratum sit opposita sint ex pugnat ei quod pi'obatum est.

6^01'
xijg

liis

ex quibus deenim cogitur quod rehic

Qucm

vocat 6vkXoyi-

ivavxiag

dTtdxrjg.,

eum 64 a 9
quae

dixit

6vXkoyL6}ibv

svavxiov Cap.

x(p nQdy^iaxL.,

ubi

v.

dixit Aristoteles.

3.

Redarguiintur

et

qui sciejitiain

esse

negant.,

15 et qui omnia deinonstrari posse dicunt.

18 Aristotelis de

310

Analytica posteriora.
.,

ptis

hac re sententia. 25 Circulo nikil demonstratur 73 a 6 exceiis quae inter se convertuntur. 12 b 6 tol? d\ de quibxis dicit 101 la8 jidvtcov yag Xoyov dliovCiv ovtoL Eivat' aQxrjv yag ^rjtoijGi, jcal tavtrjv di' dnodsL^sag la^^dvsiv, tTtel oti ye ov 7imH<5iiivoi sloi., rpavsQoL

aAA' otisq sYtio^sv, tovto aiurav tb koyov yccQ t,r]rov6iv hv ovx s6ti loyog' dTCOdsilscog yaQ dQitj ovx dTiodsi^lg sOtiv. 1105b2 o6a d' syxsiQ0v6i tav Xsyovtcav tivsg jtSQi trjg dkrjQsLag, bv tQoitov dsl dTtodsxsGd^ai, 8i' ditaidsvGiav tav dvaXvtizav toijto dQaGiV 6si yaQ TtSQi tovtcov (tag dQxag iutell.) 7]KSiv TCQOSTtLdta^svovg., dkla firj dzovovicag i,T]tSLV. 72 b 8 elg dnsiQov, de qua re cf. quae dicit 994 b 20 tb sitlGtaed^ai dvaiQOvGiV ol ovtog (ot dnsiQa ta aXtia tav bvtcjv) ksyovtsg. od yccQ olov ts sldsvai TtQiv r] slg ta dto(ia sl&stv. xai tb yiyvcoCnsiv ovx ^Gtiv ta yaQ ovtcog dTtSiQa ncjg svdsxstai vosiv; oi5 yaQ bnoiov STtl trjg yQaapf^g, ^ nata tag

slOiv iv talq 7tQd^s0iv.

Ttd^og sGtiV

diaiQsGSig (isv ovx iGtatat' vorjGai d~' ovic sGn jxr] 6xr]6avta' dionsQ o{)x,dQi%inq6sitag to^ag 6 tr]v dnsiQov diS^icov. dkla xal
ir]v vkrjv sv xivovfisvcp voslv dvdyar], ycal dnsLQCo

ov^svl s6tiv

sivai'

si

8s
sl

^rj,

o&a. djtSiQOv y' s6tiv

TtXrj&Si

tb dnsiQco slvai.
sYdrj

dlXh
.,

Hr]V xal

dnsLQd y r]6av

td

tav

alricov

ovn

av

r]v

ov8'

ovtco tb yLyvco6xSLV' tots yccQ sl8svai oioixs&a.,

8'

btav td aYtia yvcoQL6cofisv tb 6iv ovx s6tLV sv TtSTtSQa6^svcp

sciri

dnsiQov xcctd

tr]v TrQoGds-

8islsk\fSiv.

Alii nihil

omnino

posse contendunt, quia qui sciret prima tencret principia, unde scientia fluxisset, ad quae pervenire non liceat,
in ils quae infiinita sint, quum nihil detur primura, alterum altero neque prius sit neque posterius. Sin autem

quoniam

dentur principia, ea non posse sciri dicunt nisi demonstrata, quoniam vero demonstrari non possint, neque ea sciri sirapliciter quae ex iis fluant, sed non sciri nisi conditione quadam assumta , hac sciiicet, ut principia sint quae conAiii omnia circuio demonstrari voiiint. sistant.

72bl8

rj^slg

8&
8'

dnaitrjtsov

vbv sv
Xdg
'

ti6i

quae dicit 1098bl o^dx dna6iv o^ioicog dXX ixatb bti 8sLx%r]vai xaXag, olov xal nsQl tdg c?pq)a{isv.

Cf.

cum

liis

o^d^s tr]v aitiav sv

t6 d' bti nQcotov xal dQxr].

tav
,

8'

dQxSrv al fisv snagO^ta/ucj tiVi,

ycoyfj

^scoQOvvtai
8' dkXcog.

ai 8'

ai6^^6si
tb fisv
,

ai 8'
fii]

xal
^rj-

dXXai

42b29

ovv

ndvtcov d^ioijv

Tslv dQ%r]v ksyetai xaXcog

tb 8e

tav bvtcov

dsl xal yivo^s-

Analyticaposteriora.

311

vav ndvrcov ov
vovOiv ovGai'
t,Lg.

icaXag,

dkk' o6ai

t&v

TJJs

yaQ dQxijg
,

dkkt]

dCdLcsv a^jjat tvyxdyva^ig xal ova dnodsi,

dQxtj

<5'

8V

(isv

tolg dxLVTJroig to ti lotiv

ev di rolg

ndduL tbv avrov. 401 a 2.5 koyog ds nag oQLG^ihg ?} dno^H^Lg. al d' dnodsihLg xal dn' dQxijg., xal biovGl ncjg rikog rov GvXXoyiGubv dkk' ovy, dvaxdfitl ds (irj nsQarovvraL tl rb 6vunBQa6{ia nrovoL ys ndkLv in' dQi^v nQo6ka[L^dvov6aL 6' del (leGov xal dxQOv sv%vnoQov6LV ol b' 6QL6(iolndvrsgnsnsQa6iisvoi. 12 b 27 rh avra rav avrav qiiod accidit, si circiilo deiuonstratur nain si continiia demonstratio ad ea revertitur, unde AB ., eaeegressa est, nt lianc formarn habeat ABCD dem propositiones easdem et antccedunt et sequuntur: nisi quis demonstrationem quae circuio fiat ita excusare velit, ut dicat minime absurdum esse, quod eadem in cadem deinonyivofievoLg
ijdrj

nXeiOvg

rQOTiov 6' dX).ov xal

oi)

'

stratione et sint antecedentia et consequentia,

quum

eadeni

quae natura
manifesta:

sint priora et clarioranobis sintobscuriora

etparum
iis

namque inductionem

a rcbus

quae sensibus sub-

iectae sint procedere ad universalia, syliogismum vero ab

nQOxSQa ad ea qilae sint nQorsQa nQog rj(idg. Quod si verum est (sl d' ouTwg vs. 30), aut, quum duplex sit via et ratio, qua scientia comparari possit, ambiguitatem
quae
sint dnkcig

quaudam
(vs. 31)

liabet

sci.entiae

definitio

quam

proposuirmis,

au.t

non simpliciter dcmonstratio dicenda erit altera ista demonstrandi ratio (inductionem innuit), quae fit ex iis quae Articuium ij (vs. 32), quem nobis sunt propiora et ciariora. a Blclf. deietum oinnes codices praebent, etiam Piiiioponus vi-

detur liabuisse
locavit cod.
/*',

(v. sclioi.

201 b44).

Alio ioco articuium coi-

quo quid sibi veliet magis eiuceret. 72b32 Demonstrationem quae circulum faciat TatJToAoy/av committere, quum idem per idem probet, iioc modo ostendit. Sit B consequens rov A T consequens rov B. lam ut circuio demonstretur, ponendum est et B esse consequens Tot' A et A esse consequens Tot) B'. quare quum demonstrantem procedere iiceat tum ab ^ ad B et a 5 ad JT, tum ab ^ ad B et a ad ^, A et F eiderii esse apparet: utrumque enira plane eodem modo et exiisdem deraonstratur. Ponamus igitur
,

demonstrationera processisse, ut exposuiraus, ad terminum^, qui idem sit cum termino {x.SL6&a rb A, scp' ov tb F). lam

vero qui dicit

esse consequens tov B,

F consequens

esse

312

Analytica posteriora.

causa in eo est {tovTO demonstratur J' termino B medio interposito. At quum idem erat quod jT, sequitur eum qui dicat A esse consequens xov B et simul jT esse consequens
est, cuius rei

Tov

simul dicat necesse

6' oxi

73 a 3),

quod ex

demonstratur ex A^ niliil aliud dicere nisi tov -B, quoniam A demonstrari ex A. T2b36 dvccxd^mBiv non soium de terminis syllogismorum, sed etiam de rebus physicis dicitur, a quibus videtur ad logica translatum esse: 337 a 6 oxav yag | vdaxog drjQ yivrjxai nal
| digog tivq xal

ndhv

sx TtvQog vdojQ

xvxla) cpa^lv tibqi-

eXr]lv&Evac ttjv ysvsOiv 8ia x6

ccQa

ndhv

dvaxd^TCxsiv.

338 a 5

xivbg

hi,

dvdyKTjg dTilag

rj

yeveOig,

dvdyKrj dvaxvx,leiv
'

xal dvaadyiTCxsiV. oi5Ib. vs. 14 %al tovxo dei dr] Ovvsx^S div yaQ tovxo diaqikQU Uysiv 6id dvo r} nokX&v, quibuscum
cf.

quae legimus

vs. 37.
[irj

De

coel.

280

24 xo

8'

oAwg ysvoevog ddvvoc-

[itvov tpd^aQ^vai xdl

dvaad^inxBiv ovxog

[ihv

tov l6tiV.
73 a 6
oi> [irjv

dXka

Verum enim

vero circulo demonstrari

non

nisi

ea possunt quae

ita inter se

convertuntur, ut

iiitevs.

rum utrum
respicit

alterius sit consequcns.

Verbo didsixtai
vs.

ad ea quae liabuimus 34 a 16 sqq. , delegat ad Analyt, prior. II. c. 5 '7.

14

sq.

vero nos

Cap. 4.
et

Quid

sit

demonstratio ,
sit

cari de omni.,

34 quid

tb xaO^' aurd

28 quid dicatur praediavto , b25 quid tb

'fj

t6 KaQ^olov explicatur.
XriTttkov
,

73a24

investigandum

est.

Sic

24bl0 Xap^dvsG^ai

dicitur id

quod per syllogismum

Tt

cogitur.

rt TlEQi tivog est statuere aliquid

trjtiov

tb BV B6ti xal
Ttoicav.

jiSrg
jc

1% tivav zal

646 a 8

1053b 11 Aa/^|3aViv dealiquare: dicit enim ^v;dsl TtBQt adtov Xa^slv. tivcov [isv ovv [lOQicov xal

7c66c3V OvvsOtr].,
est, ut

quae quidem locutio Aristoteli

ita familiaris

exemplis

eam comprobare opus non

sit.

73a3l

sl

vvv

Temporis praesentis notionem adiecit pro

qxiocunque alio tempore, cuius notionem omnino abesse debere dixit (vs. 29) ab eo quod dicatur 'X.axa Ttavxog.

73a33 Namque

gati ita contradicimus

utpote de omni interro, quaeramus num vel de quadam Quamparte vel aliquando non valeat quod propositum sit. quam optimi codices praebent bqoxc3}isvov tamen Bliki lesi

quid contradicimus
,

ut

.,

Analy tica
ctionera serTavimus,
(v. scliol.

p osteriora.

313

quum eandera et Boethius et Pliiloponus 203 a 25) habuisse videantur. Wa34 xa^' avtd^ de quibus v. quae dedimus ad 5bl6 et ad 49 a7, dicuntur quae cum ipsa rei natura arctissime coniuncta sunt {tcc Iv rcp xi sOtl xatrjyoQOV^usva^ cf. quae diximus ad 2a20), deinde (vs. 37) ea quae in aliis {^avtolg) ita inhaerent, ut ea ipsa (avtcc) in quibus inhaereant ad definitionem

pertineant

quae

illorum natnram exprimat.

Sic

quod re-

ctum

dicitur vel circiilare

,

quasi inhaeret (b 1)

de linea utique dicitur, in qua ita ut quid sit rectum et circulare definiri
illa

nequeat, nisi hneae notione, de qua

praedicantur, utaris

camque ad definitionem adhibeas. Biese I. p. 239 locum sic vertit: Dann wird zweitens durch das Ansich auch diejenige Eigenschaft bezeichnet, weiche einem Gegenstande so

ganz eigenthiimlich
entJialt",

ist, dafs dieser die Definition

derselben

imo dicendum erat

..dafs diese die Definition des-

selben entliait".
init.

Obscurius, sed rectius lioc expressit

I.

Cf. C.
vs.

Heyder

p. 310. not.

bemus

37 simile est

quam haquod le^imus 186 b 24, qucm locum

Constructioni
Cf.
5'

I.

p.

264

adscripsimus ad 7lbl0.
(xa^' avta vTtccQxovta)

84al3, 173 b 7, 1030 b 24 tavta

^ 6 Xoyog ^ tovvofia^ ov e6tl tovto tb ^d&og xal ^i] tvdexstai drjkaGai xoQig aGnzQ to ktvxbv dvev xov dv^QcoTiov ivbix^tai^ dXk' ov t6 ^i]lv dvsv tov ^cpov. 73a40 tb TiQatov xal GvvQstov v. schol. 203 b 16 sqq. , 73 b 6 olov t6 ^adl^ov od Xsystai xaO'' avxo^ oxi bxsqov Tt 6'v,
sGtlv iv oOoig vTiaQiH
,
.

otov tcpov

7]

dv%Qcoitog ^ ^a8ii,ov s6ti

ical

Xsvnov.

73blO t6 y,a\i' avto latius patere dicit Biesel. p. 241. not. 1 quam t6 dt' aurd argutius quam verius. Conferre iubet I16a29 sqq., ubi utrumque eodem sensu poni ostendit vs. 35. 73 b 16 Ad primos duos modos quibus dicebatur t6 v.a\f avto
:

(vs.

34 et 37)

quippe qui

in

demonstratione potissimum lo-

cum habeant, nos reducit: nam si quid praedicatur utrovis modo id sic utique praedicabitur, ut vera demonstratio alterum de altero praedicari postulat: nam aut ipsum aut quod
,

oppositum est simpliciter praedicari semper debebit. dicit vs. 17 eog ivvTcdQxsiv toig xatrjyoQovnsvoig, id de secundo modo toiJ xa&' ai5T6 accipiendum esse apparet coli.
ei

Quod

vs. 1 sq.

id vero quod sequitur r} ivvjidQxs6&ac (h. e. ^ cog , avxd xa xatrjyoQov(iSva ivvjtdQxeiv iv xa oQiGficp xov vnO'

314
si}iEvov)

Analytica posteriora.

de primo modo. Similem verbi passivi usiim, qiio non habet notionem passivi propriam, sed nihil significat nisi aliqiiid pati ab alio id (t6 ivvndQ%Hv dicimiis) quod verbo
rationera, propter

activo ab ipso effici indicatur, explicuiuius ad 47 b 1.

73b2l Addit
rinm
sit:

quam,

si

quid praedicetdr xa9''

auTO, aut ipsumsimpliciterpraedicari debeatautquod eicontraratio

autem

in

eo est, quod quaecunque contraria

sunt aut B^H

et privatione aut affirmatione et negatione

de-

clarantur, ita tamen, ut

in

non

in diversis

generibus insint, sed

eodem utrumque

nam

vera demonstratio,

quamquam sem-

per conficienda est ex iis quae sunt x9"' avxa vjidgxovra, tamen ex alio genere in aliud transire non debet, quod fieret,
si

notiones contrariae quibus uteretur diversis generibus sub-

iectae essent.
xS) avxo)

1018 a 25 Ivavxia keysxai td re

xcov diacpSQovxov
xcp avx&) ysvsi.

TCccQSivat,

^rj dvvaxa a^a xaxa xb ysvoq %al xa

nXsi6xov 8ia(pSQ0vxa xav sv

(paGig latius pateat

Quum

dvxi-

quam xa svavtia (v. quae diximus ad 1 1 b 34), caute addidit Iv x(p avxa ysvsi, quod mente repetendura est Quod adiecit '^ snsxai vs. 22, vs. 23 ad (pdvtti ^ aTCOfpdvai. id eandem fere vim habet significat enim eodem seraper ge:

nere contineri debere notiones contrarias, quibus nti possit vera demonstratio : nam plenius diceret oXov aQXiOV sGxiV sv
aQid^fioig

t6

^rj

nsQixxbv otux aXkrj ^

tQOTtov xovxov.
sit

t^

sTtsxai

avxa tb

^rj

JlSQiXXOV.

73b25 8iC3Qi69o xbv

iisus est

re quaeiampertractata

Imperativi, quo ab alia ad aliam transiri indicetur, frequens

apud Aristotelem, quamquam imperativi notio sensui non semper ita convenit ut hoc loco, quo Aristoteles nihil agit, quam ut definiat quo modo intelligi velit quod dicat xaxa Jtavxog et xa^O'' avxo. Cf. 664al2 :nc()l iisv ovv xav sv
ffi xsq)aXfi

^OQiov tavxrj

dicoQiGxtoi.

76b5 xal

tisqI

^sv xQca-

[idxGiv ical

XQix^v ^sv ovv td aXxia %ai bv xqotcov alxia, s6xcj ijfilv diCJQidiJSva [xavag. 191 a 22 TioCai ^sv ovv ocal xivsg slolv ai dQ%ai, sx, tovxav Q'SOQsi6&c36av. 1048 b 36 t6 fisv ovv svsQysicc ti th
dicoQiGd^co

xbv xqotcov tovxov.

i95b29o(Ja

s6xi aal Ttoiov., sx tovtcov xal

xav xoiovxcov

8rilov Tq^lv s6xo.

731 a 13
ai alxiai.

icai

trjg

^sv Trav d^pdtov diacpOQ&g s6xo6av avxat

I'(5tcl)

1404 b 1

oi}V Exsiva tsQ^soQrj^sva, nal

OQidQo

Xs^sog aQStr]

6aq)rj slvat.
sibi

73 b 26 Non nbique

constare Aristotelem in usu vocis Ka-

Analytica posteriora.
&6I0V ex

315
coll.

205 a 13 20. Quod xadolov profertur, ait, id et praedicari debet de quolibet quod quis promere velit ex eo genere de quo praedicatur (quod probat vs. 33 37) et de eo primo, cui tribuitur (quod ostendit vs. 38 sq.) , h. e. dari non debet

iis

patebit

quae dixiimis

ad 17 a 39

schol.

aliud gemis,

ilio de quo quid pracdicetur xa^dAoi superius, de quo idem recte edicatur (nam TtQCorov vs. 33 est stil xov OTt ^dlidtci xa&okov) Aristoteles igitur non nisi id xa&oXov praedicari lioc loco decernit quod neque minus late neque latius pateat eo de quo praedicetur. Yerba Tcal t6 bv^v imcinis inchisit Trdlbg. Elem. iog. Arist. ed. III. p. 15, quod cur
:

fecerit, in not. explicuit dicens ,,falsum enim, nisi quid exci-

Nobis quidem haec verba videntur retinenda esse, t6 sv&v expresse nominatum sit ab i^ristotele Coninter ea quae sint xa&' avtcc vnaQiovxa xfj yQamiTi. structionem dvay(.6kov%ov esse ostendit particula o^te vs. 34: naraque dicturus fuisse videtur Aristoteles olov t6 6vo 6qderit".

quum 73 a 38

&ag

BXBiv ovxB xo)

oxiq^iaxi soxc

xa'9"6Aoi; ovzB xcp IcookbXbZ.

vs.

De
V.

praepositione naxd non repetita

35 ante Toi)

ti;;|^6v-

Articulum ante 6f tJcTUg vs. 36 quae diximus ad 3b 13. in omnibus codicibus omissum delevimus, quum pronomen indefinitum, quod subiecti locura teneat, haud raro ab Aristotele omitti ostenderimus ad 3b22.
Tog

Cap. 5.

Tribiis potissiimim

modis accidit , ut fallamur in

conjicienda demonstratione universali.

74 a 6 Primum quidem falliraur in iis quae de iis rebus singularibus probamus, quarum nomina non notiones quasdam generales, sed certas res sensibus subiectas significant. Etenim demonstratio numquara accedit ad res singulares quae sub
sensus cadunt, sed semper consistit in conclusione sive
gis sive rainus universali:

mano-

quare

si

quod probandura
{oxav ^}]dBv
-^

est

minibus

generalibus

exprimi

nequit

ka^Biv

raonstrari

?} xa xaO'' Bicaaxa), vere deomnino non poterit: nara quodcunque de rebus singularibus dcraonstravisse putaraus, id non proprie et proxirae

dvcoxBQOv naQcc xb xa^' BxaGxov

{nQcoxog,

oly.iiag)

(tcqoxbqov) ad notionem

ad has ipsas referendura est, sed potiiis quandam magis universalera (v. quae

dicemus ad 75b25).

Quod

si

non vident qui demonstrant,

falluntur in eo, quod de ipsis rebus singularibus aliquid nQCO-

310

Analytlca posteriora.

Tog et OiKELCog (xa&oXov) demonstravisse opinantur. Exempium Iniius crroris, quum res satis aperta esset, non adiecit
enim Pliiloponum in iis quae dicit schol. quae mox de exemplis ipsis dicemus. Male autem Biese Iiunc locum vertit I. p. 242 .,Zuerst wenn fiir das Einzelne nichts Anderes das Allgemeine ist als das Besondere": nam tcc x^' exaGra^ quae hic vertit 5,das Besondere", paullo ante ipse rectius interpretatus est ,,das
Aristoteles:
4.5

falii

206 a

ex

iis

apparebit

Einzelne". Deinde fallimur (vs. 8), si demonstratio quara fecimus ad plures res pertinet easque specie ita diversas, ut uno nomine eas complecti non liceat, quamquam in ipsa demonstratione arctissimo quodam vinculo coniuncta esse debeant: unde fit, ut, quum unumnomen nonhabeat id quod iis

commune
tes

sit, in

demonstratione alteram ab altera seiungen-

seorsum probemus singula, quae coniuncta per unam solam demonstrationem probari debebant. Exemplum huius erroris

exponit

vs.

18

25.

Erit fortasse qui proportionis

ori

membra

{xal xb
jj

dvdkoyov

evukXa^ Idoxet dv vndQ%HV

. .

yQa^^alg tj yQa^^al .) seorsum recte probari opinetur in arithmetica de numeris, in geometria de lineis, in stei-eometria de corporibus, in physica de temporibus, quod revera factum est, quamquam quod longe rectius est, una demonstratione haec omnia complecti licet. Sed quum non unum esset nomen quo significaretur id quod his omnibus commxme esset, seorsum idem de singulis demonstrabatur. Quae quidem demonstrationes in unam coniungendae sunt: nam quod demonstratur (proportionis membra converti), id non de niimeris demonstratur quatenus numeri sunt (vs. 24) neque de lineis quatenus lineae, sed demonstratio pcrtinet ad id quod commune est numeris lineis corporibus temporibus. Quare
dQi&fiol %ai xaTg
inter se converti

xolg dQL^fioig

item

(vs.

25

.H2)

si

quis singulas trianguli species enuraeet

raverit, etlarasi

nullam praetermiserit ,

imiuscuiusque an-

gulos duobus rectis aequales esse doceat, sive eadera deraon-

Qa

stratione usus sive alia cuique speciei adaptata (^ ^ta 7] ex8vs. 26), tamen, quum non imara de triangulo universo de-

monstrationem fecerit, quae cx ipsa trianguli, non aequilacuiusdam speciei, sed xraiversi natura fiuat non probavit quod voluit nisi xara 0v^^B^r]x6g. De iis quae habentur vs. 32 35 niliil dicimus , qimm quid sibi
teri vel scaleni vel alius
,

Analytica posteriora.
velint satis appareat ex
iis

317

quae modo disputavimus.

nique fallimiir

(vs. 9),

si

demonstratio

Dequam fecimus revera

partem probat eius quod demonstrari debebat, dum quod evincendum erat demonstratum esse opinamur (orav cos dhj&cjg ^sv rvyxccv]] sv ^isqsl ov eq)' d) dsixvvrat, dsiKvvrjrat 6' ag olov h. e. orav rvyidv]} fisv Iv ^squ ov t6 deix^sv^ 8sixvvr]rai d' ag si ecp' oAo) e6eixvvro): qua quidem in re faiiimur, quoniam demonstratio quam fecimus revera universalis est. si accipiatur non nisi de parte eius quod probandum erat, ut revera xara Tiavrbg demonstratara esse dicendura sit (vs. 10), sed tamen deraonstratio non est xovrov TiQcorov xad^oXov (vs. 11), quia. quura plura coraplecti debeat quara revera coraplectitur, angustioribus quara par

non

nisi

ipsi totiim

Exempla dedit Vs. 13^ 17. Si naQaXX^lovg esse probet ex eo, quod nterque angulus, quos alia linea quae illas secet cum iis faest finibus circumscripta est.

quis duas lineas rectas

ciat, sit rectus,

bonara deraonstrationera confecisse videbitur,

quum eadem

oranibus lineis rectis

deraonstravit, siquidera

non in eo est, que angulus rectus

lis

Tamen male conveniat. verum ar^rumentura quo utendura erat quod certo quodara modo (eura dicit quo uter,

est,

sed quia
(h. e.

sit) suraraa angulorum duobus rectis aequaquamcimque rationera isti anguli inter se

habent

etiara si alter raaior sit recto, alter

minor) sura-

ma eorum
naffoXov

duos rectos aequat {ovk sGri 8e xovrov iCQcbrov

eiTiSQ
r]

xvQla xovrov dnodXka ravrr] yiverat j] si6lv OTtaOovv i'(5afc vs. 15). Quarequi ista ratione lineas naQaXXijXovg esse probavit, in eo peccavit, quod rationem per quam
djt68sL^i,g,
dXr]d^r]g otal

dei^ig yiverai, ^r] 8i6rt, codl LOai eioiv,

deraonstravit rainus universalera fecit quara debebat.

Itera si

triangulum non esset praeter id quod latera habet aequalia,

sumraa angulorura trianguii dups rectos aequaret,

trianguiura aequilaterura esset
oranis
,

quatenus

ut non peccaret q\u angulos

trianguli duobus rectis aequales esse ex eo probaret, quod latera esscnt aequalia. Vs. 9 non recte expressit Biese I. p. 24.? ..Endlicli lafst raan sich nocli dadurch zura Irrthurae verleiten, dafs raan das Allgeraeine von einera Gegenstande darthut, welcher eine Gattung von raelireren Besonderheiten ist", quod absurdura est. Dicendura erat dafs man das Aiigeraeine nur von einer besonderen Art der Gattung darthut, auf welche sich der Beweis erstrecken solite".

318

Analytica posterlora.
6xaXr]v6v^ qtiam quidem forraam etiam Bkkus 841)7: quare haud scio, an resituenda sit 224 a 5 et 11
quacrit, ex

74a2T Dedimiis
tulit

ex codicibus FH. 74a35 Denique signum quoddam

sit,

quo cognosci pos-

vere et proprie demonstratum sit. Quod quidem signum in eo consistit, quod id de quo demonstretur ita constitutum esse debeat, ut neque
saie,
citur),
si

num

quid dematur ab eius no-

tione (per abstractionem quae dicitur), qiio fiat magis univer-

neque si quid addatur (per determinationem quae diquo eius notio arctioribus finibus circimiscribatur, deSic anguios trianguii,
et

monstratio salva esse possit.

etiam

si

aeneum, duobus anguiis rectis aequales esse demonstratur , non demonstratur, si notionem trianguli ita amplifices, ut non trianguium, sed omnem figuram vel etiam omnem terminum duos anguios rectos habere demonstrare velis. rov Oxijfiatog xal Tts74 b 2 aAA,' ov TCQazav^ inteil. rotJrcov quaesivit enim supra a 37 jct xaQarog dTCodec^ig Iqtiv ?f Quae dicit ra dXha vs. 3 ea sunt &6kov xivog iq dTt^Sei^ig;
non addatur triangulum esse aequilaterum

quae minus universalia quam trianguii notio huic

cta sunt.
Ca/;. 6.

ipsi

subie-

Vera demonstratio non

nisi

ex propositionibus ne-

cessariis efjicitiir.

sariae sunt

16 Si propositiones ex quibus cogitur necesvere utique demonstratJir. 21 Ad veram dernon-

strationem conjiciendatn non sufficit^ quod propositiones manifesto verae sint^ 26 sed principia necessaria esse debent. 75 a 1

Si conchisio necessaria
cessariae
,

est^

propositiones possu?it esse non ne,

si

non necessaria

necessariae esse non possunt.

18 Quae non necessaria sunt., quamquam in demonstrando usum non habent , in disputando non negligetida sutit. 28 Qui aliquid scit nosse debet quae cum eius natura coniuncta sint.,

quatenus

et

quomodo cum ea coniuncta

yccQ

sint.

yaQ ... De re ipsa cf. quae sequuntur vs. 8 cf. 73bl9 sqq. 74 b 13 Syllogismum, qui ita demonstret, ut veram scientiam efficiat, non cogi nisi ex propositionibus necessariis, aut ita colligitur, ut ponamus oninis scientiae quae deraonstratione comparetur principia esse necessaria (quod sumtum est vs. 5), aut ita, ut ab initio sumaraus omnem veram demonstrationem
74 b 7 S p\v

...

h. e. e6ri fiev

73a.34 sq. et

cum

iis

Analytica posteriora.

S19

necessario cogere quod cogat, iinde sequatiir necessario eve-

74bl5

quaecunque recte cogantur. Quaraquam e veris propositio| dXijdav (liv yag nibus nihil falsi cogi posse vidimus 53bll. tamen, quum ea quae nascantur et intereant non semper eadem maneant , ut quod aiio tempore vere de iis dicatur alio falsum sit, sciennire
.

tia

tia

non non

efficitur
nisi

ex oranibus propositionibus veris

nara scientalia qualia

ad ea pertinet quae necessario sunt

sunt et quae mutationi non sunt obnoxia.

Vs. 18 oTt ter 14^17 Tovro, intell. t6 e^ dvayxaiav sivai,. positum in eodem emmtiato haud parvam in scribendo negligentiam prodit. Cf. quae diximus ad 14b30 et ad41b26 coll.

130 b 3

sq.

74b25 Principium

demonstrationis

est

id

quod

in

quoque ge-

nere primum est: principium enim natura coniunctiim (oiin eodem genere igitur) esse debet cura eo quod deXHOV monstratur. ut quodcunque verum sit id etiam demonstratio-

nis principium facere minirae liceat.

sed

niliil

aliud quara id
veliraus.

ex quo primo

suspensum
fieri

sit

quod demonstrare

\ s. 27 deductione ad absurdura facta probat verura syllogisraura

ex necessariis utique
niraus

propositionibus.

Naraque,

ait, si

po-

de omni
.,

necessario praedicari, quaraquara termi-

riara fecit,

B qui hanc ipsam conclusionera (^C) necessanon necessario coniungatur cura terminis ^ et C, conclusionem non revera efFectam esse per terrainum medium B (ovx Igxl xovro dta t6 fis6ov vs. .30 sq.) concedendum erit: nara ex propositionibus non necessariis non fit conclusio necessaria (v. 32al2sqq.). lam quum non nisi eum aliquid scire dixerimus qui causam rei perspectam habeat, is vero,
nus raedius
qui conclusionera necessariara per terrainura mediura qui nihil
necessarii habeat effici opinetur, verara causam,
sio fluxerit, ignoret(oT)x oids Slotl vs. 30),

unde conclunescire

Contortam Aristoteiis arguraentationera facile eo expediviraus, quod singula arguraenta alio ordine coUocaviraus haud raro enixn ci accidit, ut raorae irapatiens singula non eo
apparet.

eundem rem

ordine exposuerit

quera orationis perspicuitas requirit.

74b32

Scientia quara quis habet

non perditur.

nisi aiit ipse perit

aut obliviscitur aut res qiiani scivit interit.

lara

si

ponamus

aliquem scire aliquid quod per mediiun terminum non necessarium deaionstratum sit. scientia quam habere opinatur, etiam

320
si

Analytica posteriora.

mutatur vel perit quod termino meclio exprimitur, eadem vs. 35). Quamquam igitur neque ipse perierit neque res quam scivit((3M^o^voiTOt) TtQccy^atog^ quod eodem sensu legitur 428 b 6 al.) ueque oblitus sit, tamen veram scientiam non habet, quia ignorat t6 dion: periit enim id, unde scientia nata est (terminus raedius) neque igiturpriusraanet (s^el ^lv xdv Xoyov
:

quam

lioc periit

veram scientiam habuit.

perierit (vs. 37), tamcn, quura possit perire

sariura), absurdura

Etiamsi autem non (nam non estneces-

quod inde scqui modo ostendimus (t6 6vfifxev tbv koyov aco^ofisvog Cai^ofievov tov jiQayfiatog ovx oide ds) idem manet: fieri enim semper certe poterit, ut intereat quod termino medio exprimitur. Satis obscure Biese (I. p. 245) , ut solet in ils quae difficiliora sunt, haec ultima reddidit Das was eintreten kann wird das blofs Mogiiche irad Zufalhge seyn", quae quera sensum habeant equidem non intelligo. 75 al I)e nccessitate conchisionis et propositionura dicendum est, quod ratio quam inter se habeant quadruplex esse potest. Si conclusio necessaria est, propositiones possunt esse non
^alvov^
intell. c5g
^

tlu

necessariae.
Si conclusio

non necessaria non necessariae.

est,

propositiones utique sunt

conclusio semper est ne-

Si propositiones sunt necessariae

cessaria.

Si propositiones non necessariae sirat,

conclusio necessaria

esse potest.

75 a 3

ff>67tSQ

Ys. 12 del
7]

xal dkrj&eg firj e^ dltj&av^

v.

Analyt. prior. II.

c.

4.

e^ dvdyxrjg vn,dQ%eiv, intell.

t6

nQ&tov ta eGxdta

75 a 14

dvaynalov eivai tb 6vfi7ceQa6fia. sx^ t^v dTtodeii^iv dio. fie6ov dvay/taiov^ neque rationem ob quara conclusio necessaria sit perspiciet, neque oranino sciet conclusionem esse necessariara sed aut, quamquara verarascientiaranonhabet, habereeara opinabitur, si necessarium putet quod non est necessarium (coniiractionem intelligit termini medii cum raaiore et minore), aut non opinabitur, ut qui ex propositionibus non necessariis veram deraonstrationem fieri non posse inteliigat, sive scit conclusionem, licet non necessariam, veram esse, quippe quae coacta sit ex propositionibus non necessariis quidem, sed veris, quae aliimde
h. e. del

h. e. sl de [i^

probari et possint et debeant, sive etiam cur vera esse debeat

Analytica posteriora.
perspectiim habet , propterea scilicet quod coacta
positionibus quae ipsae demonstrationem

321

sit ex pronon admittant. 15al8 Quare qimm eorum quae non necessaria sint non detur scientia, erit fortasse qui dubitet, cur omnino in disputando petatur, ut concedantur ab adversario propositiones quae niliii necessarii habeant (vs. 22 ravTa, h. e. ta [ir] dvayxala tcsqI

Tovrov, h.e.jiEQiavdLaUyovTat), si ex his conciusioutiquefiat non necessaria: nam ad veram demonstrationem niliil attinet, si quis sumat quae in casu posita et mutationi obnoxia sint et quae inde consequantur declaret (satis negligenter Biese I. p. 246 ,.Man kann ja ohne Unterschied auf jedes Beliebige beim Disputiren eiuen Scliiufssatz aussprechen"). Quae quidem dubitatio eo solvitur, quod, quamquam non est necessarium id quod ex propositionibus non necessariis colligitur, tamen et necessario conceditur ab eo qui propositiones
concessit et
est:

verum

est,

si

ex propositionibus veris coactum

faciunt

quare

quamquam veram demonstrationem non

,

quae non sunt necessaria

raenti sunt.

tamen

in

disputando maximi

mo-

75a.i2
S7C

(Jt'

ovx dvdyxi]

.,

intell.

tw ra Gvfi^E^tjxora
rei

ddori, ical

rovrcov GvXkoyii^o^ivcp.

Veram

causam ignorat qui ex

propositionibus non necessariis coliigit, etiamsi propositiones

ex quibus colligat orani tempore verae quidera sint, neque tamen in ipsa rei natura positae (ft>; xa^' avrb 8s vs. .33), quod iis accidit qui ex signis aliquid cogunt (v. 7()a7 sqq.). IVam qui colligit ex propositionibus non necessariis (vs. 34), non ex ipsa rei natura cognoscit quod necessario cura ea coniunctura est, ut veram rei causam eum ignorare appareat.

Cap. 7. Demonstrationem in genus transferre non licet.

alio

genere factam ad aliud

75 b 2 Axiomata pluribus generibus comraunia esse possunt, quam-

quam

alius axiomatis in alio

genere

alius est usus.

Vs. 4

exspectabas ut pergeret ovx aGziv ev rovroig

ri]V Iv

^arsQa

ykvH dnodsL^LV icpaQ^oCai Inl ^drBQOV, sed quod universe proferre debebat statim adaptavit exemplo quod modo commemoravit.

75 b 5
II.

d ^Tj ra nisi quae continua sint mimerorura rationem habeant, ut arithmeticam demonstrationem admittant: nam
. .

21

Analytica posteriora.
siciit omnis demonstratio , gemis smim non excedere, sed in eo consistere debet. Vs. 11 el ^it] %a%' 15b9 7/ 7tf]. Evemplum liabuimus 74al8. avrd^ b. e. el (if] xaO'' avxa ix. tov adtov yivovg ta dxQa xal Tcc [ii6a sOtaL. xal oixBia tqi yivu &dtBQOV &ate(jcp. Vs. 13 ort ot 6vo xv^oi iiv[iog, v. Reimeri librum de duplicatione

arithmetica

(vs.

7),

(mimerum

tlicit)

cubi.

Vs. 11
.

ov8'
.

fistQia , ei ti

Si Tt

.,

h. e. ov8' l(5ti dsl^ai tf] ysG)-

Ys 20^6 idiov yevog (yea^stQixov intell.)

slvai.

adtav,
Cap.
sint.,

h. e.
8.

t6

yQd^^^

simpliciter et per se

Res sensibus subiectae, ut quae mutationi obnoxiae neque demonstrantur neque deji-

niutitur.

quod explicat sequente xat: cuius quidem vimhabet, v. quae exempla coilegimus ad 93b26. 1039b28 5to; tovto dexal tm> ovdiav 75b24 o^x eCtiv aQa , tav ala&ijtav tav y.a&^ maGta ov%'' oQiG^og ovt^ dTCoSei^tg

75b23 T^g

tOiavtTjg

usus, quo particuia xai explicandi

s6tLV

oTt exovGiv vXTqv

yial ^ij

ijs

?;

tpvGig toiavtr] (Jr' evdexec&ai

sl

xal eivaL
ox)v
ij

dib cp&aQtd itdvta ta na^^ exadta aitciv.

t' dTtodeL^Lg

tav dvayxaicav xal 6

OQiCj^og eniCtrj^ovL-

xdg, xal ovx svSexstai, coGiieQ ov6' eTtiOtijfiijv drf fiev eTti0f^^t]v ots 8' dyvoiav slvaL, dXla 86i,a tb tOLOvtov sGtLV,,
ovtcog 0^8* aTtodsL^iv ovd' oqlG^ov,

dlXk 86^a S6tl

slij

toij sv-

8s%o^evov dkkcog exeiv, SrjXov otL ovn dv

6}idg ovts djtodei^ig.

a^utcov oijts oql-

15b25

Alterius lectionis,

quam commemorat

Pliiloponus (schol.

210b4t)), vestigia habet codex d: nostra vero , quam etiam Boetliius habuit, retinenda est propter particulam dXXd vs. 26,

quae
ciat

si

abesset

etiam altera

tentia loci

haec

est.

bonum sensum praeberet. SenVera demonstratio qxiae scientiam effisunt, sed

:

non descendit ad singula quae sensibus subiecta

quare de rebus singularibus niliil probatur, nisi quatenus quae magis universalia sunt de iis praedicantur (adTtSQ xatd 0v^^e^r]vs. 26) , altera xdg). Si quid autem de iis probatur (otav d' syliogismi propositio neque potest semper vera esse et necessaria, sed q^Q^aQt^ , quia conclusio q)^aQtf] esse non potest, nisi etiam altera propositio sit cp&aQti] (75 a 8), neque revera imiversaiis (}ia&6Xov, h. e. ita comparata, ut omni tempore
consistit in proximis generibus, quibus illa continentur
-jy

Analytica posteriora.

323

necessario praedicetur alterum de altero universo) esse potest, quia quod praedicatur in conclusione (terminus maior) edicitur quideui de
iis

de quibus pracdicatur
<p'
iis

in

conclusione (de
ita

termino minore, quem verbis tamen, ut aliquando possit de

praedicari ( filv sGraL

cjv significavit vs. 29),

praedicari et aiiquando non

ovk sCrai): nam quum quod conqnae sub sensus cadat, nt mutationis non sit expers et impatiens, etiam altera propositio, sicut ipsa conclnsio, alio tempore et de aliquo vera, alio et de aliquo non vera esse debebit (v. 32 a 10). Item res se liabet in definitionibus: 75b3() o^oias 6' ex^i namque si qnis definiat rem singularem quae sub sensns cadat, definitio quam proponit et (p9aQr7] erit et ^ij xa^okov^

6'

clusioni subiectum sit res sit singularis

quia

ad veram definitionem conficiendam eadem requirun-

demonstrationem nam iitraque et neintimam rei naturam patefacere debet siquidem definitio aut principiura est a quo demonstratio incipit {dgxrj ccTtodEihcos: quare dicit 107Mb 24 dgxr] Sh rav OvXXoyiO^av ro ri iGrn>) aut conclusio ad quam tendit aut propositio quae a demonstratione non nisi eo difFert , quod ipsa ponit quod haec syllogismo facto probat {dTCodBi^ig 986Ei diaq)SQ0v6a, cf.94all sqq.). Eorum autem quae secundum naturae leges fiunt (rav noXXdyiig yivofiBvcov, tav d>s Inl t6 TioXv) datur quidem demonstratio et scientia, quatenus universa quaedam natura cognoscitur, quae a sensibus sevocata singulis rebus , quae certo tempore finnt et ocuiorum aspectiii subiectae snnt, legem praescribit,; non datur, quatenus non universa quaedam lex, sed sing:ula quasi eius exempla cognoLectionem roiovd^ slscuntur, quae ex illa suspensa sunt. (JiV, quam recipere non dubitaviraus , Pliiloponi explicatio videtur comprobare (v. scliol. 211 b 10 sqq. coll. schol. 228a7). Quid Boethius habuerit incertum est: vertit enim: secundnm quod huiusmodi sxmt". Deinde nostram lectionem veram esse et optimorum codd. vestigia comprobant et sensus ipse docet: nam quod Aristoteles dicit hoc est: al e7Ci6rijfiai jj ^lv roiovds Tivos sl6LV 7ti6r7J^ai h. e. quatenus universae cuiusdam legis, non rei singularis cognitionem efficiunt, dsi Si6iv, j] 8' ovK dsL Bene C. Heyder I. p, 324 not. Das Wesen der
tur quae ad veram
cessaria

esse

et

Mondfinsternifs" (rov roLOvds) bleibt sich gleich

so oft die

Erde zwischen Sonne und Mond

tritt

diefs

selbst aber

ge-

21*

324

Analytica posteriora.

Exspeovx dd. Ut hoc ioco oppouuntur x6 rotovde et ro xara ^igog, sic 1060 b 20 t6 roiovds et t6 rode ti, quod rem sensibus subiectam significat: naQe%ei
ctabas
iit

schieht nicht iramer, sondern zeit- untl theilweise".

pergeret

jj

8h xaza ^SQog

6'

aTtoQiav xal rb TcaOav [lev emarij^ijv eivai

d' oiLXSiav
{itj

rav xa&dAov

xal rov Toiof 5t, rrjv

dh x68e xi
Ttai

xatv Ti.a^okov elvai, piaXXov

%(OQi6x6v.

Cap. 9. Vera demonstratio non jit nhi ex principiis rei demonstratae propriis., uttermini, per quos demonstretur , aut ex eodem genere esse debeant aut e ditobus quorum alterum altero contineatur. IGalG Principia cuiusque rei propria non demonstrantur : es quibus summis si demonstratur perfecte demonstratur : 26 quare num quis revera aliquid sciat necne:, difficillimum est ad diiudicandum.
.,

15b40 Bryson circuhim quadrare

metriae propriis, sed
:

voluit non usus principiis geoquae omnibus disciplinis sunt communia (xotva) quod quomodo fecerit v. in schoi. 806 b 27 sqq. coU. paraphr. sophist. elench. ed. Spengel. Monach. 1842. p. 60. Ilist. matheseos universae. I. Ch. Heilbronner Lips. 1742. Sit quadrandus circulus p. 149 de eadem re haec habet: ABCD., cui circumscribatur quadratum EFGH, ad septimam eius partem inscribatur aliud INLM; si in medio liorum quadratorum OPQR delineatur, erit secundum Brysonem istius ambitus aequaiis circuli peripheriae". Cf. los, Biancanus locc. Aristotelis matli. explicata. Bonon. 1615. p. 70. (I. E. Montucla) Ilistoire des recherclies sur la quadrature du cercie. Paris 1754: ,,Bryson raisonnaitbien mal pour ungeometre, si c'en etait un, lorsqu'il pretendait, que le cercle etait moyen proportionel entre le quarre inscrit et le circonscrit. II etait aise de voir des-lors, que ce moyen proportionel etait seulement Toctogone; car en ge'ne'ral deux polygones semblables e'tant inscris et circonscris au cercle, le moyen proportionel entre eux deux est rinscrit qui a le double des c6te's". Brysonis exemplo Aristoteles saepius utitur, v. 171 b 16, 172a4 7. Brysonera sophistam vocat 563 a 7 et 615 a 10, ubi etiam eius patrera Herodorura corameraorat. 1405 b 9 8h XQixov, 8 Xvei xbv 6o(fLGxiy,bv X6yov ot) yaQ c3s ecpri BQvGoiv od&eva alGxQO^oyelv, sXneQ xb avxb (Sri^aiveL x68e dvrl xov r68e elTtelv. Praeterea de quadratura circiUi frustra a veteribus tentata
iis

'

Analytica posteriora.
V.

325
coll.

quae diximus

atl

69a32
III.

et

de Antiphonte ad 172 a 7
I.

Procl. in Eiiclid. Elem.

prop.

p. 121.

76 a 4 Revera scimus quod cum alia re et coniunctum esse et ut ex ipsa quatenus cum ea coniunctum sit ita intelligimus eius rei, quaciim coniunctum sit, natura eiusque principiis et quasi fontibus illud cognoscamus, quatenus rei natura taiis est qualis revera est : sic si quid dicitur duos angulos rectos habere, cum cuius natura hoc necessario coniunctum sit, revera cognoscitur ex principiis eius rei propriis, de qua hoc dicitur. Quare de Ji praedicari revera scimus , si ex ipsa natura rei quae termino B significatur terminum A de B praedicandum esse cognovimus: quare(vs. 8), si etiam illud (^dico) ita praedicetur de alio (C) . ut cum eius natura necessario coniunctum sit, terminus medius {B) in eodem genere, in quo reliqui, non esse non poterit. Terminis igitur sic se Itabentibus conclusionem AC revera demonstratam esse dicendum
,

erit.

76 a 6 Zell ad Eth. Nic. VI, eodem exemplo Aristoteles

:

5,

6 multos locos coliegit,

:

\ititur

..Dici vix potest

quibus quantopere

hoc exemplum frequentet habet enim ubique fere , quotiescunque e ratione geometrica documentura petiturus est. Quae
res notabilis mihi vidctur et Aristotelis propria
in
,

quum

Plato

hoc genere copiosior

11 TO fxv
iit

sit".

yuQ on ... Si altera disciplina alteri ita subiespeciem transferat quod altera de genere universo demonstravit, ea disciplina, quae est de specie, rei quidem ipsius cognitionem efficit, quamquam veram eius causam investigare et explanare debetaltera, quippe quae imiversi generis tcc xaO' avra Gvn^s^rjxora (haec enim sunt quae dicit TccTcd&Tj vs. 1-J cf. b 13) contempletur. Principia autem (vs. 15) utrique generi sunt communia. Biese I. p. 251 iis quae dicit Philop. 76a20 c)0t' sl ^alkov (schol. 212b30), ut videtur, inductus himc locum non recte reddidit dicens: ,,Daher jehoher er emporsteigt zu der ersten Ursache, desto mehr ist er wissend ; imd kann man diefs noch ein vermitteltes Wissen nennen, so besteht hierin der hohere uud hochste Grad der Wissenschaft". Quod Aristoteies dicit hoc est. Si igitur fieri potest, ut alius alio magis sciat (namque qui ex principiis cuiusque rei propriis rem deraonstravit magis intelligens dicendus est quam is qui

T6a

cta est,

in

32(i
alio qiiociinque

Analytica iiosteriora.

modo idem

demonstravit)

et

vit

quis

quam

optirae sciat, etiam scientia ipsa

gradum

admittit, ut ea, quae

sit,

ex principiis cuiusque
alia

rei propriis

comparata

magis quara
sit scientia.

quaecunque

et

maxime

inter

omnes dicenda

Cap. 10.

Principii dejinitio.

Quae

qiiid signijicent et

quae

num

si?U

an

iion sint scire debeatnus exponitur.

sint.,

37 Qaae cu~

iusque demonstrationis propria

demonstratio tribus partibus

negligere
licet.
2.'J

constat.,

quae communia. bll Omnis 16 quarum duas interdum

Quid differant

a^/cofta, vnoQ^iCi^ et aix7i[ia.

35 Defmitio non

est hypothesis.

76a32 xat xcc xgaxa xal xa x xovxov. Prima dicit xag aQxdg: namque quum in omni demonstratione tria distinguenda sint,
genus, de quo demonstrctur, axiomata, ex quibus, et xa vtcccqXovxa naQ' avxa xa yevBi., quae demonstrentur, genus et axiomata dicit xa TlQaxa., reliqua vero omnia quae demonstrentur ra x X0VXC3V. Quare non probandum erlt quod dicit Pliiiop. scliol. 21.3 a 1.3 neque quod dedit Biese I. p. 252 locura vertens: ^was sie (die Principien) bedeuten und was aus dieser Bedeutung folgt (xa SK rovrwv), wird vorausgesetzt". 76 a 38 xa (lEv 'idLa intell. xb yavog xal xa xaS'' avxa xovxov
,

Tidd^ri

(de

quibus

cogitandum esse
vex'0

7Ta27

sq.),

axiomata

communia sunt

docent quae babemus xar' dvaXoyiav.

si demunIdem in geometria de lineis, siquidem axioma quodcunque (vs. 39) in singulis disciplinis usura non liabet nisi quatenus ad id semper genus transfertur quod singulis proprium est: quare (vs. 42) in geometria de lineis xa d^ico^axa in arithmetica de numeris

nam quod

in arithmetica

de numeris valet (aequalia

,

tur ab aequalibus, quae restant aequalia sunt)

accipere satis est,

quamquam per

se spectata latius patent.

76 b 3 Quae cuiusque disciplinae propria sunt et quae esse quaeque disciplina sumit ea sunt, quorura xa vndQ%ovxa &' avxa conteraplatur, xa vTtoxEi^sva xfj STiLGx-^^y. Non satis accurate sibi respondent ^ev vs. 3 et ds vs. 6 exspectabas enim ut
:

pergeret

ct

dh xl ^iv GrniaivH sxaOxov lafi^dvovdi

,

oxt d'

xa xovxcov nd&r^ sl6l naQ'^ avxd. Longius orationis merabrum quod interpositum est efFecit , ut constructio non servaretur, sed inde a vs. 6 iis similis fieret quae proxirae praecesserunt. Sirailia collegimus ad 61 a 19.
bCxl dsLXVvovCi,

76 b 17 q^avEQos idem

significat

quod

vs.

19 drj^os et

vs.

21 yvcS-

Analytica posteriora.
Qifiog
:

327

qiiare (paveQbv
tijg

oti

eodem modo
XLVi]6eG)g
7}

ponitiir atqiie SiJAov

rj tov lvtav%a

oti

456 a 7

Ttvev^ccTog
(ev
slg
tfi

ccQxr]

ovv xal oXag

(ilv

(pavSQbv ott xal

tijg

xatarpvt,ecog i6tiv
oijxf

KaQdia).

Cf. 491 b

30 oicog ^sv yhcQ

OQa

oijt'
e.

exu
(pa-

tb (pccvEQbv drj?.ovg 6q)9ak(iovg (o aGndXal)., h.

,

oculos

non liabet conspicuos

V8q6v).
citur

sie iiegen niclit zu

liic

Tage" {dg tb
lustranti

(pavsQog et bijlog

difFerunt: naraque cpavsQbv di-

quod

festum est

est enim

oculis cernitur,

d^Xov quod menti

si
:

mani-

aliud,

dicimus cpavEQbv ort ocpQ^aX-

^ovg %(, (nam cpavSQbv est tb oQCO^evov 196 a 33 tbv 6' ovQavbv xal tcc &eL6tata tav cpaveQCiv cxTtb tov avto^dtov yeveG^fai)., aliud, si dicimus 8riXov oti 6q)dak^ovg %ft. Idem discrimen liabemus inter cpaiveG^ai et bovielv 461 b 5 cpaivetai Il\v ovv ndvtag., doxel de od ndvtcog tb cpaLv6}ievov^ dkk' eav
tb ejtiXQivov
xatexrjtai

firj

xiv^tai trjv oixeiav xCvrjGiv.

428 b
h]xl.'iv

t6 ovv cpaive6%ai e6tl tb do^dt,eiv otieq alod^dvetai ^rj

cpaivetai 8e xal ipevdij
,

natcc Gv^^E^tjKog.
dXr]&ii e%Ei.,
5'

jieQi

av d^a vn6-

Tciotevtai

oiov cpaivEtaL fiev 6 ^Aiog nodialog, neELvai (XEii^av tijg oixov^Evrjg. Differt ab eo quod

quae liaud raro sine discrimine ponuntur, tb Cacpeg: nam 6acpsg non dicitur id quod apertum est et manifcstum , sed id cuius accuratam et exactam cognitionem liabemus 111 a 8 eti tb (xetaka^pdveiv elg tb yvcoQi^cadicitur cpavEQbv et bijlov.,
:

teQov ovo^a, olov dvtl tov dnQi^ovg ev VTtoX-^rpei tb Gacpeg. 413 a 11 eTtel 6' ex tav doacpav fiev cpavEQCotEQCov 8e yiyvEtai cf. Trdlbg. de tb CttcpEg xat xata tbv X6yov yvcoQL^cotEQov
:

an. p. 33T.

Quaraquam ne hoc quidem discrimen ab

0^56' ote

Aristotele

ubique servatur: 131 a 33

cpavEQbv
el

dTCodEdoaxs tbXdLOv, E6tat

v7tdQ%eL,

elnsQ toLOvt6v lctiv oXov ditokEiTiELV.

oijxovv EGtaL <3acpEg tb XSlov.

76b23 Quodcunque natura per

se

necessitatem quandara Iiaaltrj^ia.

bet axioma est, non hypothesis vel

ut ab adversario contradici possit,

Nam
est

si

quis

hysit,

pothesin vel aXtrjpia esse velit quodcunque

ita

comparatura

dicendum
,

neque
ei

syl-

logisraum neque demonstrationera id agere

ut

qui con-

tradicere velit nulia exceptio relinquatur (nam contradicendi

semper
ratio

erit

copia

etiam

si

quid certissimum

sit)

sed ut

(6 l6co X6yog, 6 ev tjj ipvxj]) convincatur.

non oratio

(6 E^G) k6yog).

328

Analytica posteriora.
. . .

Aliam ak^^iicirog definitionem proponit o ccv tig 7] quae latius patet. 16 b 35 oi5di', quod etBoethius etPhilop. (schol.214a 27) habuisse
videntur et sensus flagitat,
ex optt. codd. recepimus.

16^33

Nam
:

quod Aristoteies fert quod nihii

,

dicit est hoc.

Definitio ab hypothesi eo dif-

si

quis contendat definitionem,

vel

non esse

de exsistentia rei quae definitur nam licet non ponat aliquid esse sed inteiligi tantum velit id quod dicat , tamen
edicit
si

esse hypotliesin, quodcunque auribus percipiraus,

quod divtco-

ctum

est intelleximus

hypotliesis dicenda erit.

Verum

%^i6Hg dicuntur quibus positis (oOcoi/ dvTOiv vs. 38) et ex quibus aiiud quid colligitur ; neque enim concedendum est in geo-

metria non cogi ex

iis

ipsis

quae posita

sint:

nam

niliil

cogi-

tur ex ea ipsa figura quae nonnisi exempli gratia adscribitur,

quae mente sola cogitantur, figtira descripta signiCf. quae diximus ad 49 b .^6. Apparet ex iis quae modo disputavimus non opus esse Themistii explicatione, qui quae legimus vs.39sqq. coniungenda putavit cum iis quae habuimus vs. 24 27.
sed ex
iis

ficantur et illustrantur.

71 a 3 Alia causa, cur definitio non appellari possithypothesis, in 60 est, quod haec autuniversalis est autparticularis, inillavero quod subiectum est aequale esse debet ei quod praedicatur.
Cap. 11.
potest^

Sine notione
sine ideis.
in

ujiiversali

demonstratio esse non

quamquam

tradictionis

quod dicitur

De usu quem principium condemo7istratione habeat. 26 De com10

muni quo singulae

disciplinae inter se coniunctae sint vinculo.

11 a 10 Principium contradictionis quod dicitur in ipsam demonstrationem non assumitur, nisi etiara in conclusione expresde omni -Bpraedicari verum, non praesum esse debeat: si vero de omni C praedicetur, de dicari non verum sit, orani C praedicari verum, non praedicari non verum est: in praequo quidem syllogismo nihil interest (vs. 14), num dicetur et de B et de Non-B., B autem et de C et de JSon-C. Nam si datum est aniraal praedicari de omni homine {tl yccQ Ido&rj t,(pov eivat xovto xa^^ ov ccv&qgjtcov dlrjQ^eg sGriv slnsiv vs. 15) , etiam si verum sit aniraal praedicari etiam de Non - homine , dumraodo homo sit animal , Non - animal vero non praedicetur de homine, eadem utique proveniet conclu-

sio,

hanc dico, hominem quendam

e. g.

Calliam esse animai.

Analytica posteriora.
(Perspicuitatis causa hic adiecimus apodosin, qualis esse

329
de-

bebat,
si

quam

Aristoteles

et cogitandi et scribendi alacritate

Item enira, etiam de Callia homo praedicabitur, Nonet de jB praehomo vero non praedicabitur. Quare etiam si dicatui: et de Non - B {si xb TCQcbtov ov piovov Tcara xov fis6ov XsyExaL dXla xal xax' dkXov vs. 19) , B autem et de C et de Non-C (tl xb ^ibGov xal avxo s6xl xal ^rj avxo vs. 20), dummodo Non-A neque de B praedicetur neque de C, tamen conclusio eadem utique erit ,.^ praedicari de C". Verum principio contradictionis (vs. 22) non uti soleraus in demonstratione recta, sed in deductione ad absurdum quae dicitur, quamquam ne in hac quidem hoc principium adhibetur imiversum, sed quantura in quaque re satis est. INara quod habuiraus 76a42 de axioraatis communibus, idera etiam de
abreptus non omisit quidem, sed turbavit.)

Non-Callias

homo

sit,

principio contradictionis valet.

lTa26

ksya 61 dnodsLxxixag (^dQxas) xag xoLvag olov oti ndv dvayxalov q)dvat r/ dno^pdvat xal ddvvatov dfia sivuL xal }irj slvai ^ xal o6aL dlXaL xoLavxat TiQOxdCsig. Vs. 28 xsqI av, intell. xa yivYi. o, intell. xa xovtOLg vndQ%ovta xa^' avxd. 77 a .32 ov yaQ dv riQaxa nara quod respondetur ex arbitrio pendet eius qui interrogatus- est {ovx sGxlv (X)ql6}isvov rt), ut qui alium interrogaverit de iis ex quibus deraonstrandum sit neque ut vera sint quae respondeantur neque ut talia sint, ex quibus deraonstratio perfecta fiat, efficere possit. Vs. 34 nos remittit ad ea quae dixit 64 b 7 sqq.
Cf. 996b2>i

do^ag, s^

av

djiavxsg dsLKVvov^LV

Cap. 12. Quomodo diiudicandum sit quae ad quamque doctrinam propositio pertineat. 16 Quomodo inveniatur doctrinaad quam quisque falsus syllogismus pertineat. 34 Quando exceptio non sit facienda. 40 Quae non coguntur interdum tamen syllogismi speciem habent. 78al4 Novis terminis mediis interpositis demonstratio ipsa non procedit,

77 a 36 et 38 SQCotrj^a significare id quod ponatur concedente adversario docuiraus ad 42 a 39, quod non satis perspexit Biese:
dicit enira obscurius

lichen Beweisen

I. p. 257 ,,es konnen zwar in wissenschaftFragen angewendet werden. aber nur nnter der Bedingung, dafs diese der Bestimmimg des Vordersatzes

330

Analytica posteriora.

entsprechen, der imraer nnr auf einen Theil des Widerspruchs

sicli

bezieht".

Vs. 40 fQcozrjfia yBa^BtQixdv vel latQLHov est

veritas diiudicari possit ex principiis geometriae vei medicinae propriis, ut gcometram vel medicum eam concedere vel non concedere deceat, si interrogetur.

propositio,

cuius

17 hl

Tj

Bx

tav

Quomodo
iis

omitti

potuerit

ex

apparebit

Brandisius (Variet.

lect. Ai'istot.

quod praebent cadices Cn quae dedimus ad 2.5 b 35. inAbhh. derBerl. Akad. 1832)
ix

addendum
XoOotpcp.

putavit a,

quod

asterisco

addito

significavit.
t(b

Vs. 5 ov^ vtpentEov ta> yeco^BtQy,

inteli.

dlla

nQatco

(pi-

77 b 10 ovtag,
Gd^Bvta,
ita

h. e. wGt'

BQatav ta

xatcc tijv BTii^f^^Tjv diOQc-

quae quaiia

sint indicavit vs. 1 sq.

Si quis

disputat, ut ea tantura sibi velit concedi

autem non quae cura prin-

geometriae propriis stare possint et ex iis cogantur, neque disserendi leges servat neque geometram , si convincit, redarguit quatenus est geometra: quae quidem prava disputandi artificia ne eos Tugiant qui disputationi intersint, disceptandum uon est de rebus georaetricis , nisi si qui adsint geometriae sint periti, ut diiudicare possint num sic disputetur uti geometriae ratio postulet. 77 b 16 Quod interpretes (schol. 216b 14 sqq., ib. 32 sqq.) dicunt de accentus mutatione quura ex codicura auctoritate diiudicari nequeat, dedimus quod loco ipsi maxime convenire vicipiis

debatur.

Ne quem

offendat articulus ante ^rotav,

cf.

et 227 b 2 Totg tcolols BKa6tov tovtcov v7cdQ%BL BlQrjtaL.

226b20 Leo

Magentenus
I.

legisse \idetur :;ror B6tLV, v. schoi. nostra

ad77 b 18

p. 51.

Boethius vertit: et quae sunt secundum unamquam-

que scientiam et quae secundum ignorantiara qualis geomeut quam quidem lectionem habuerit non appareat, sed vei'am lectionem eum non habuisse certum sit. Eiecimus autem quod Bekkerus addidit vs. 18 ^ dyBco^BtQT^ta post B6tLv., quod neque codd. agnoscunt neque Boethius neque vet. iutp. Goth. habet neque sensus requirit. Nam yBa[iBtQiKa dixit pro iis quae unius scientiae cuiuscunque propria sint et ad eara pertineant, siquidem exemplum posuit pro re universali cuius est exemplum. Quod qui non videtrica estl",

rent

ravimus
tas

idem

fere etiam 75 b 4 factura esse supra

tj

commemoDifficid-

adiiciendxira putaverunt
loci

dyBcofiBtQrjta.

enim huius

omnis in eo

est,

quod, quamquam Ari-

Analytica posteriora.
stoteles

331

modo de
.

orani doctrina dixerit (vs. 17 jtaQ' 8xd6tT]v

tamen vs. 18 ita pergit ac si de geometria sola serino esset. Bene haberent omnia, si dixisset xal %aQ' sxdGxriv ETtiOxrj^rjv ta xaxa notav dyvoiav yiVonBva SQcox^^^axa
imGxriiir]v)

iQOtrjtBOv tbv sxaGtrjg S7tt,6tTJar]g STtidtrj^ova; vel aal TtQog xa xatd noiav dyvoiav yLvo^usva SQatrjiJiata dnoKQLtsov t

Quare Aristoteles qiuim dicit unaquaque doctrina ignorantiam quaestiones fieri debent, ut propositiones quae respondeantur, geometricae dicendae sintT' quod quaerit lioc est. Qua8xd6xr]g
S7tL6xr]fir]g STtiOxTJnovi;

Et secundum quaiem

in

lia

esse debent

in iinaquaque doctrina

quae ignoramus,

ut

propositiones falsae quas defendamus tamen geometriae sive

alius doctrinae

cuiuscunque, de qua disputetur, propriae di-

cendae
dyvoLav
ritati

sint

{ov Ttdv
'?

yaQ sxa6tov
is

sjti6xr]^ova SQaxrj^ia sqco-

rrjxsov vs. 7)
vs.

Utrum

syllogismus dyscaiisxQrjxog (d xaxd xr]V

qui
fiat

19) dicendus est

(sx,

ex propositionibus ve-

repugiiantibus

xcrv 7tQOxd6scov

xav x6 dvxLxsl^svov
propositionibus ve^

ta dh]9sL
ris

do^aL,ov6d)v) sive etiam qui

e.v

non recte

colligat (6 7taQakoyi6^6g)

dummodo

proposi-

tiones ex quibus fiat geometriae sint propriae. an syllogismus

qui ex alia doctrina desumtus ad geomctriam omnino non per-

tineat?

Copiosius haec ultima exposnimus. ne quis prio-

rem particulam

?) vs. 20 respondere putet particulae TtoxsQOV quae praecessit. Articulum cur non tulerit Bkk. vs. 20, quum eimdem servaverit vs. 19 6 x ., non video, praesertim qmim etiam Philop. (schol. 2 16 b 43) eum agnoscere videatur.
. .

Vs. 22 x6 ds xdg 7taQaKXr]Xovg 6vfi7tL7txsLV (sive hoc coactum

est

ex propositionibus veritati repugnantibus

sive

non recte
est,

coiiectum ex propositionibus veris) ysco[iSXQLii6v dicendum

pertinet, dysco^stQr]tov vero

quia quodcunque de lineis parallelis probatur ad geometriam

,

quia lineas 7taQakXr]kovg

num-

quam inter 77b25 xa fxr]

bXcog
fir]

se concurrere geometria docet.

sxslv
,

cf.

1022 b.35 doQatov 8s (ksystat) xal tw

s%slv %QG)ua xal

ta cpavlag xal aTtovv naL

s%SLV okcog 7t6dccg xal X(p cpavkovg.

x<o

fifj

d>67tQ

x6 dQQv9i.iov.
7.

Similia repetitionis exempla collegimus ad 61 b

Haud

scio

an xai post avxrj^ quod omnes codd. praebent, quamquam neque apud Boethium legitur neque in vet. intp. cod. Goth., Bkko. retinendum fuerit, siquidem ita intelligi potest ut et
explicet et amplificet ea quae praecesserimt.

Nam qiiod Aristote-

Analytica posterlora.
lesdicit
jcbqX

hoc

est: xal

i^

dyvoi.a avzT], rjfivstai

rj

ysaiietQiav ^ xal oAwg

(s.

dyvoia
s^

rj

ex

ta (pavXag ^%hv xav tOLOvtcov aQiq

%av

7tQotd6(ov) yLvo^svrj^

cov

xal avttj

STaOt^^r]

ictiv. Ivavtla s6tiv tfi STH.6triny.

Veri similius certe est xai

deietiim esse
tiir,

quam adiectum

aliena

manu, quum,

si

adiicia-

locus fiat difficilior ad intelligendum.

17^28 Articnlum antc dittov ex optimis libris adiecimus, praesertim quum Aristoteies non dicat ,,medius terminus semper ambiguus est", sedambiguitas (t6 dittov), quam paraiogismus
liabet, in

medio semper termino posita

est".

11 b 30 xb 8s xat. ov ksystat, nav , quod liic addit, quia, si quod praedicatur \iniversum praedicaretur, neque medius terminus

quidquam haberet ambigui neque omnino

sed syilogismus verus
:

fieret paralogismus,

e. g.

si

recte praedicatur Gx-^ua xata

navtog xvxlov
praedicaretur
,

si

etiam nag xvxlog xatd

STtrj

xav snav

recte

syllogismus ort xa

xvxXog verus

esset.

Mathematica vero (xavta vs. .SO) mentis oculis quasi intueraur (valde simile est quod Kantio de mathematicis piacuit). Non ita est in rebus dialecticis (sv tolg koyotg)., quae quum minus conspicua sint, iit non cerni velint, sed coj^itari , facilius

addubltantur et sententiarum diversitatem admittunt.

11 b 34
eius

Quum
idonea

exceptio

quam facimus

aut ipsa

sit

propositio aut

locum tenere
sit,

possit, propositio vero, ut

ad demonstran-

dum
taii

universalis esse debeat,

contra propositio-

nera, qua ad inductionem conficiendam utitur adversarius

enim propositione, quippe quae ad res singulares peromnino uninecessaria neque quoniam neque non est utendum , versalis .esse potest, exceptio facienda non est: inductio enira oqinisa vera demonstratione aliena est. Ilb40 did tb ka^^dvsLv. Cf. 43b3.6 xd jtaGLV snofisva oil)X sxlsxtsov ov yuQ sGtai GvXXoytGiibg s^ avtcov et quae ibi
tineat quae sub sensus cadunt, in vera demonstratione

diximus.

18 a 3 Ut syllogismus fieret in prima figura, quem Caeneus male facit in secimda, terminus maior esse deberet ij %oXXanXd6Log dvaXoyla, medius ij taxiotr} dvaloyia., minor xb nvQ. Quamquara autem interdum (scilicet si terraini inter se convertantur) vera exit conclusio affirraans in secunda figura, taraen syllogisraus non bene habet, quia conclusio non semper et
necessario vera est:

quare quum ipsa concludendi ratio in

Analytica posteriora.
his
nihil

333
sit,

conficiat

qnod necessario verura

non manife-

stum est (ovx OQcctai vs. 6) ex ipso syliogismo, num in secunda figura coUigere liceat quod cogimus an non liceat. 18 a 5 Quum interdum non fiat verus syllogisraus exiisquae syilogismispeciemhabeant, difficilius est ad diiudicandumex quibus propositionibus coactum sit quod syllogismus confecit (t6 dvaXvstv), quoniam quod verum est et e veris et e faisis propositionibus (v.Anai.pr.
facilius esset,
si
II.

c.2

4)

colligi potest.

Quod longe
nisi

quod verum esset non cogeretur

si

ex

propositionibus veris: nara

mino

propositiones
si

unde

A (significantur antera tercolligitur, terraino B conclusio),

esset

sequeretur 5, et

colligeretur 5, hoc ex Jl conchisum esse

necesse esset.

18al4

Deraonstratio non arapiificatur novis terminis mediis in-

teriectis,

sed ut progrediatur, novi qui adiiciuntur termini

non interponi debent reliquis, sed apponi et extrinsecus assumi, ita nt non medium locum occnpent, sed iocos tav
dxQOV.
Cap. 13. Ut et conclusionem veram esse (ro oxl) et qiiam ob causam vera sit (xb 816x1,) intelligatur , necesse est , ut et propositiones ex quibus demonstretur ipsae demonstrari nequeant et terminus medius ipsam causam prosimam coniun-

quae inter maiorem et minorem intercedat ^ exprimat quod non fit (28) ubi vel ex effectu probatur (bl3) vel terminus medius externam taritum maioris cum minore quandam coniunctionem effirit. H2 Si res ipsa et causa rei ad diversas doctrinas pertinent, causam investigare doctrinae difficilioris est et accuratioris, cuius exemplar est mathe?natica.
ctionis

18 a 24 Si quod demonstratur ita demonstratnr nt id ex quo colligatur non amplius probari possit per aliud, sed primam et proximam eius rei causam exprimat quae deraonstretur, non

soium verum esse quod probatum sit, sed etiam quam ob causam verum sit intelligitur. Sin autem accidit, nt probari quidera aliunde nequeat id per quod deraonstratum sit, quamquara veram rei causam non exprimat, intelligitur quidem td ort, non intelligitur x6 diotu Naraque si terminum A de termino C praedicari demonstratur medio B interposito et si B non causam exprirait ob quara ^ de C praedicetur, sed potius A causam significet ob quam B deC praedicari debeat.

334
ita

Analytica posteriora.
tamen, ut effectus
ex causa

nisi

A^

h. e. ita ut

nuUa alia causa provenire possit non solum ex causa qualis ef-

fectus esse debeat, sed etiara ex effectu qualis causa.sit col-

enim quod Aristoteles dicit dvTiGxQivs. 28 bene quidem procedit demonstratio, qiiamquam conciusio, quippe quae cx effectu, non ex causa probata sit, quam ob causam vera sit
ligere liceat
vs.

lioc est

(pnv

21 et dvxi%axriyoQHQ%ai.

Intelligitur, h. e. fit GvXXoyiG^ibs Tot) ort, ot) xov Quae quidera deraonstrandi ratio quamquam a vera scientia aliena esse debet (nam non ex cffectu, quem vs. 29 causam sed ex appeliat xo ^tj aixiov et b 12 xb dvaixiov causa effectum vera dcraonstratio derivare debet, ut eadem via progi-ediatur qua procedendura esse ipsa rerum natura docet), taraen haud raro adliibetur, quoniam effectus a quo
dioxL.
, ,
,

minime

incipit iAci\.\\\^ini(i\\is,\i\\r {yvcoQt^coxiQOV loxi

qiiara causa.

rl

nQog iq^dg vs.28)

coel.

290al7

Cur pianetae non splendeant exponitur de yaQ dipig dnoxSiVo^Evr] fiaxQccv aXiOGsxai did

othq aixtov l'(Jwg xal xov OxiX^SiV (paivsOQ^at xovs dOxeQas Tot>s Ivdsdsilevovg, xovg da TtkavTJxag fiTj Oxikj^SiV oi ^lv yaQ Ttkav^xeg syyvg siOiV, adx^ sy/CQaxr^g ovOa
xrjv dod^evsiav.

TiQog

avxovg
dicc

dcpiycvslxat

rj

6i>ig

'

TtQog ds xovg (isvovxag iCQa-

daivsxai

xb

(lijicog

dTtoxsivo^isvi]

noQQCJ Xiav.

18 b 2 Oranes codd. excepto n quibuscura convenit quod vet. intp. Goth. praebet post xb A habent xal xb A X(p B xb (i^ Oxik^SiV, quae Bkkus cura edd. prr. ita transposuit, \\i ante quod quomodo defendi possit non video. caOxs coilocaverit Nos , quum quae codices exhibeant non sana esse appareat, aliquid delendura quam singula verba transponenda esse faciiius nobis persuadentes , verborum ordine qnalera codices praebent servato oraisimus verba xal xb A xa B quae in codd. ieguntur post xb A: nam rb A per scribentis negligentiam
;

repetitura in causa videtur fuisse

particula %ai

ut

adiectura

sit

xa

et

Etiam Boethii versfonera pravara lectionem exhibere patet videtur enim legisse vjtaQISi 8r] xal xb B xqj F xb (itj Oxik^siv, aOxs xal xa F.
cod.

quam

omisit.
:

18 b 1 1 l^' cov ds xcc (is6a ... In quibus vero syliogismis terminus raedius non exprirait unara causara proxiraam ob quam maior de minore praedicetur, ex iis, quum non converti posverum quidera esse quod sit terminus medius cum maiore, colligatiir. si ex effectu, ut qui nobis sit notior, causa de-

Analytica posteriora.
monstretur, intelligemus
sit
,

335

quaraquam causa ob quara verum

nos

Denique syliogismum 18bl3 Bcp' cov xb fisdov s^a ri&Etai. et verum esse et quam ob causam verus sit non simui inin quibus terminus raedius extrinsecus assuterminus medius nihil est nisi vincuium quorura e. quoddara externura, quo terminus maior cura minore copunon de secunda et tertia syllogismorum figura hic letur
telligitur ex
iis,

lateat.

mitur,

li.

sermonem
cunda

esse ut

evinceret
vs.

frustra laboravit Philoponus

nam quae habentur

et tertia

rr^v rav iiioav ^i<5iv de sehaec accipienda esse aperte docent, docet cura quibus praeterea cf, quae leguntur cap. 14 convs. alria his terminus roiavv7] 23) raedius {ri enira in

32 xara

figura

iunctura quidera cogitandura esse raaiorera cura rainore (logice coniunctura esse, quod dicunt), quaraquam quae ratio in

rerum natura (physice vel metapliysice) inter eos obtineat rainime patefacit. Quare addit Aristoteles vs. 28 eodera fere
h. e.
iis quae dicantur xaO'' vnBQ^oXiqv^ quae ex causa longius remota et nirais quaesita tanquara ex causa propria et proxima probentur. Biese I. p. 213. not. 1 cum hoc loco conferri iubet Diog. Laert. I, 103

modo

rera

se habere in

in

iis

ibique Menag. p. 60.

78b32 Quid quaeque

res

sit et

quae

sit eius

causa aut eadem

{rj rov ori) minus exacta subiecta est alteri (t^ Toi; dioti), quae ab experientia per sensus comparata remotior in ratione sola poUnde facilie inteliigitur, quod aiiis locis (v. cap. 2T) s;ita est. non in omni disciplina eandem quaerendam esse subtilitatera v. Ritter Gesch. der Phil. III. p. 69 coll. Aristoteles ostendit 1328 a 20 ov yuQ rijv avrrjv d-jCQL^siav dsi ^tjnot. 2. 45. p.
:

disciplina investigat aut diversae,

quarura aitera

rsiv
Gscog.

did rs roiv Xoycov xal

99.5 a 15 rrjv d'

rav

yiyvo}isvcov dia rijg aldd''^rr]V ^ad^rj^arvxrjv

dnQi^oloyiav
^rj

ovx sv
vXrjv.

anaGiV dnairiqrsov, dkl' sv rolg

cpvOiKog

sxovGiV vXrjv.
rj

diOTiSQ oi5
s%sl

6 rQOTtog

'

djtaGa yccQ

YGog

cpvaig

1018 a 10 o6(p drj av (sir] sjii6ri]iirj) tisqI jtQorsQav ra Xoya xat dTcXovGrsQav , toGovta ^aXXov sisi tdjCQi^sg' tovro ds t6 aTtlovv sCtiv. adts dvsv ts fisys&ovg ^dkXov r] fistd (isys%ovg, xat ^dXiGta dvsv mvrjGsag. sdv ds xivrjGiv, ^dhGta
tr]v TCQCotr]v' ditXovGtdtr]

ydQ, aai

Twi^TJ^ff rj

o^aXr].

982 a 26
sl-

dxQi^sGratai ds tav S7ti0tr]nav at ^dhGta tav TtQcoxav

336
'

Analytica posterlora.

at yccQ e^ BXaztovcov dKQt[ie6TeQai rav sk TtQO^d^edECOS 6iv ka^^avo^svav (de quo v. quae dicenius ad 81 b3), olov aQt^ynqxiK}] yecDiiEtQLag. 1094b24 TCSTiaidsv^bvov yaQ S6tiv stcv

xoGovtov tccKQi^sg S7Cit,rjtSiv xaO'' sxadtov ysvog, scp' o<3ov 7^ xov TtQdynatos cpvGiS STtidsxstai' rcaQaiil^GiOV yccQ cpaivttai ^a&rj^atixov xs Ttid^avokoyovvxos dTtodsxsGd^ai nal QrjtoQiXov
djcodsi^sis
ccTCaCi xois

dnaitsiv.

\h.

13 xb
,'

yaQ dxQi^ss ov%

dfiotajg sv

koyois smt^rjtijtsov

aOTtSQ ovd^ sv xols Srj^covQ^

yov^svois.
TtSQL

1104 al sxslvo 8s nQodio^okoyslo&o) xav TCQaxtav loyos tvjcco nal ovk dxQiPas
coGtcsq

oti

n&s 6

dcpsiksi Xs-

yfO^at,

Xoyoi aTCaitrjtsoi' ta

%a\ xar' dQias sXtco^sv ort xata t7]v vlrjv ot 6' sv xals TCQa^sGi xal xa GvficpBQOvxa

ovdsv s6tr]xos sysi^ coGtcsq ovbs xa vyiSivd. xoiovtov 6' 6vTog xov xa&oXov koyov, ^dkXov 6 nsQi xCov xa9' snacjxa loyog ova sxsi xdxQi^ss78 1) S5 Totouro h. e. sv ols x6 dioxc xal xo oxl 8C dXXrjs sni-

^XTj^rjS &sc3QSixai sxdxsQOV.

Vs. 39 OvvcovvfiOi
alteri

sIglv'.

nam

synonyma dicuntur quorum alterum

generi species
:

subiectura est ut

v.
. .

quae diximus ad 1 a 6.

T9a3

ovtoi' yaQ

Quomodo
ixr]v

fieri possit,
cclxicov

ut

eum

qui scien-

tiam universalem

xav

dnodsi^iv) habeat, singula

quaedam quae
cuit Anal, pr.

universali scientiae subiecta sint fugiant,

21, 67 a 9

II. c.

bll.

dosin-

Namque quamquam
quadam

gula non cognoscuntur nisi quatenus universali

tia,

scien-

quae ad

illa
,

transfertur,

comprehenduntur

(x;K^j;Tat Torg

eWsdiv

vs. 7)

eorura non est universalis

sensus cadit:
xa) speciem
scit,

rj odota sed singulare quiddara quod sub scientia enira accurata et exacta (to; yia^Tq^a-

taraen

(sxsqov xl 6vta xr]v ovdiav)

,

rerum universalem {xa sXSrj) mente sola cognomateriam vero (x6 VTtoxsi^svov), quae sub hanc speciem cadat earaque induat, aut ipsa plane ignorat aut non cognoquatenus
talis
,

scit

(certa quaedara materia

xods xl) est et

sed non cognoscit nisi quatenus speciem niversalem refert et, ut ita dicam, in se suscepit. Brandis
sensibus subiecta
(Variet. iect. Arist. Abhh. der Berl. Akad. 18.V2) legi vult 0^1 ^ ysco^sxQLxa xa^' xJjr., quod Boethius habuit. At quura etiara nostra lectio bonura sensum praebeat, ne quid codicum auctoritati detrahere videremur, eam servavimus, praesertim quura alteram ex praecedente voce yawftSTpixa ortam esse

dW

haud

sit veri dissimile.

Analytica posteriora.

337
optiqiiae

19al0 Eandem rationem alia doctrina (pliysicam dicit) ad cam habet. quam optica ad geometriam: retinae enim
sit

natura, physicus docet, causas ob quas

taiis sit,

qualis est,

ut

ocuium videntem faciat, opticus explorat, aut quatenus

opticus est aut quatenus universalem

tis

eamque subtiiiorem

ar-

comparare eamque a prirao fonte, imde fluat, derivare studet (xaTcc rb ^dd^rjfia). Articulum ante xara, quem omnes codd. praebent et Pliiloponus habet (scliol. 221 b.i), servavimus. Eundem etiam editionum prr,
suae cognitionem
sibi

nonnuilae retinuerunt.
Cap. 14.
utitur.

Accurata

doctrina

prima potissimum figura

193 24 Quum qnaeritnr, qnid aliqua res sit, qnod respondetnr, quum rei naturam exprimere debeat, neqne negante propositione neque particulari exprimi potest: quare neque in secunda neque
in tertia fig;ura cogi potest.

Cf.

90 b S sqq..

ib. c. 4.

79a29 Quaecunque probantur per primam figuram demonstrari

possunt, secunda vero et tertia
,

ut propositiones, ex quibus

ipsae cogant, veras esse demonstrent (quod fieri debet iibi-

cunque propositiones syllogismi demonstrationem admittunt), quam quidem interpositionem Aristoteies significat verbis xata7ivxvov6%aL et avi,s~ figuram primam non adhibere non possunt: illae igi6%at tur hac indigent, dum haec sine iiiis esse possit.
novis terminis mediis interpositis

Cap. 15.

Sunt etiam propositiones negantes guae demon-

strationem non admiltunt.

79a.37 Demonstrationem admittit propositio negans AB., sive sicut totum de parte quae ilio continetur, de termino
V.

24b2T

deiB (vs. qnod

A praedicatur aiiquid (C), quod non praedicatur 38 b sive de termino ^praedicatur aliquid Ys. 3 cur Brandisius non praedicatur de A (b
1),

(/)),

4.

scribendum putaverit t 8s A ovbivi xh ^dy aliud praedicatur, (b5) de termino aliud de B. Uitimum quum non statim manifestum sit, quode ^ et modo probetur breviter exponamus. Namque si de B praedicatur (ita ut utrumque sit ev okco tlvC) demonstrabitur propositio negans AB , si non praedicatur de E: etenim non praedicetur de vero de ^, igi^
[Variet. lect. Arist.]
inteliigo),

non

sive

F E E

II.

22

Analytica posteriora.
tur non praedicatur de
iungitur

A: quae quidem

conclusio

si

con-

cum

propositione i^ praedicatur de

5"

consequi-

non praedicari dcjB: quod quum per syliogismum coactum sit, non dvo^cog non praedicatur A de B. 19 b 6 Quod sumsit a.W sq. et b2 sq., iam fieri posse demonstrat: namque docet fieri posse, ut, si jt de B non praedicetur, de A praedicetur aiiud quod de B non praedicetur et vice versa. Namque si ponimus terminos AF^ ita comparatos esse, ut niliil commune Iiabeant cum terminis BEZ., terminura A vero contineri termino 0, etiam terminum B eodem generfe contineri non posse patet. Item si B insit in genere H^ terminum A in eodem inesse non posse apparet. De iis quae dicantur GvGzoLxct v. quae habet Blese I. p. 210. not. .3 et quae ipsi diximus ad 16bl. Eiementa dicuntur 0t56x01%., quasi GvGroixiicc natnra enlm eorum, quatenus elementa sunt, ex quibus omnia constant, eadem est. 315 a 25 kBya Sb nvQ koX yijv xal tcc GvOroixa tovtav. De coel. 302 a 29 6 fitv yaQ TivQ xal yijv xai ta GvGtoi%a tovtoiq GtoiiBid Dicuntur igitur GvGtoixa quae tpriGLV eivai, tav Gc3(idtc3v. sunt %ata Gtolxov (324b3l), h. e. quae natura eundem ordinem tenent (res vel notiones coordinatae quae dicuntur) i\\\diYe, GvGtoi%La 986a23idem fere est quod GvvdvaGyiog: dicit enim atiQoi bs tav avtav tovtav tag dQ^ag dBxa XiyovGiv Sivai tag xatd GvGtoi%iav XByofiBvag^ UBQag xal dnBiQov,
tur

TtBQittov xot dQtiov

aliis

Quod

hic GvGtOixiav appellat,

id

locis

dvtiGtoixiav vocat: 894 a 19 dvtiGtoi%ia tav jrodwv,

708 b 8 et 13 dvtiGtOi%Oi TCoSsg sunt pedes, quorum bini ex adverso stantes simul moventur. Expiicari inde poterit, quas dicat 701 a 11 tdg dvtLGtoi%ovg et tdg GvGtoi^ovg tav mviqGBC3V dgxdg
:

namque

al dvtiGtOi^oi dQ%ai erunt t6 b^tcqogQ^bv

et t6 OTtiGd^Bv, tb dB^Lov et t6 dQiGtBQOv., xb dvc) et t6 xarco,

ai GvGtoixoi
iis

vero (collatis iis quae paulio infra dicemus de quae ieguntur 448 a 16) t6 b^tiqoG&bv., t6 ds^ibv et t6 dvo., deinde t6 ditiGd^sv tb dQiGtBQbv et t6 xdtco. Deinde dicuntur GvGtOi^a quaecunque eodem genere continentur, sive eundem in hoc genere ordinem tenent, sive alterum alteri subiectum est (cf. quae diximus ad 66 b 19) td BV tfi aTutrj xatrjyoQici quare dicit 1055 a 1 Ta fiBV (tav Bvavticov) tb yivog etBQa, td 6' sv xtj avt^ GvGtOixicc r^g xatrjyoQiag, coGt' Bv twdtqi yivBi xal tadtd xdt BidBi. 1096 b 6 Ttid^avcotSQOv 6'
.,

Analytica posteriora.
soiita6iv

Twv dya^av GvOxoixia t6

tineri

Uv^ayoQiioi keysiv nsgl avtov, ti^svrsg sv xtj sv, h. e. tb fV eodem genere conputant,, quo to dya^ov. Sic 189 al phiiosophos , quoot

rum alii calidum et frigidum, aiii humidum et siccum, alii amorem et odium generationis principia faciant, dicit tavtcc kiysiv nag xal stSQu dXX^keov, stSQa ^sv aGTiSQ nal doxsl tolg 7rXsl(5roig, tai)ta bs jj dvdXoyov Xa^^dvovQi yaQ S'k rijg
avtfjg GvGxoiilag, h. e. in re universa consentiunt, in singulis

discrepant:
:

nam

contraria generationis principiaesseomnes

voiunt

6v6tOiiiav enim quam hic intelligit Aristoteles est to svavtiov ctVai, rj svavticoCiC. Eundem fere sensum habet <5v-

CtOi^ia

S19al5 o6a ovv firj ov6iav 6r}jxaivsi., ov ksystai dnkag dkka xl yivs6^ai. ot; ft^^v dkk^ o^oicog sv 3ta6i ysvs6ig ^sv xaxa xa sv t^ sxsQa 6v6toi%ia ksystai, olov sv [isv
0Tu6ia

ovtc sav y^, sv 8s t(p jtoid) sav S7ti6t^ov% otav dvs7iL6t^aov. In his ta iv ffi stSQcc 6v6xoixia sunt xa icaxa<pd6ei drjkovneva^ quibus opponitur altera 6v6xoi%ia quae complectitur xa q^d^siQOfisva s. xa dnoaltera 6v6xoiyJa generationem et compocpd6i 8r]kovusva

iav tcvq dkX"

^ov

dkk''

sitionem

altera

interitHm

et

dissolutionem continet.

Sic

1004 b 27 XC3V svavxiav r; stSQa 6v6tOLxia 6tiQrj6ig, xal ndvta dvdystaL slg t6 ov xal to ^r; 6v, ubi quae per particulam xai adiecta imt ea explicant quae praecesserunt. Item res se habet 1072 a 31: namque distinxit in iis quae antecesserunt
t6 xivovfisvov et t6 xivovv
,

quibus addit

vs.

26 t6 dQSxtbv

xal tb vorjtbv xivsl ov xivov^sva. Deinde pergit: vovg 8s vnb

tov vorjtov
h. e. tji

xivsitai, vorjtr] 8s

i^

stSQa 6v6toixia xa&'' avfqv.,

:

stSQa 6v6toixia (t6 xivovv dicit

illi

nam

altera 6v6tOL-

Xia complectitur t6 Xivov^svov.,. quod

188. not. 2. et Biese

opposuit), avffi xa^'

Cf. Ritter Gesch.

avtijV vTcaQXSi tb vorjtr^v adtrjv sivai.

Pliil. III. p.
II.

der

p. 251.

Quae quum

ita sint,

mirum

esse non potest, quod, ubi significatio vocis 6v6toiXia

miniis prematur, etiam ea quae diversorimi

sensuum svsQySiav

dvdkoyov
t6 ksvxbv

efficiant, h. e.

quibus diversi sensus afficiuntur dvd:

koyov., dicantur

448 a 16 ksycs 8' olov xb ykvxv xai 6v6xoixa ysvsi 8' sxsQa cf ib. vs. 14 6v6xoixcig ksyofisva et 447 b 30, ubi causam indicat, cur haec appellentur 6v6xoixa dicit enim c5g rj ysv6ig xb ykvxv, ov6v6xoixa

xaka

tcog

r}

bxlJig

xb

ksvxoV ag
t6 mxQov.

6'

avtri tb iiikav (intell. XQiVSi),

ovTOS

sxsivj]

In his iam

non dicuntur
22
=^

<yt;0TOtjja

34()

Analytica posteriora.
est,

quorura idem genus

sit

aiiquid
nisi

non

quod alteri cum xar' dvaXoyiav ^ et

appellantur Gvdxoixa.
de^ressi suraus.

His

attamen ea in quibus utrisque manaltero conimune sit, quamquam lioc ipsura est id, propter quod
expositis revertaraur ad id,

unde

lam enim patet quae 6v6xoi%iai

dici possint

dkkrikaLg hnakkdxxBiv, eae sciiicet, quae ita comparatae sint,

ut

quod

possit,

altera contincatur ab aitera non prorsus aiienum esse sed aliquid certe inter se comrairae Iiabeant.
.

F
I

Quuraigitur, neque si terminus^, 19 b 12 lav de (^rjdixeQOV neque si terminus B solus in genere aliquo, quod de eo praedicetur, contineatur, neque si uterque in genere aliquo insit, A de B dxo^as negari possit, relinquitur, ut alter de altero dxofiag negetur, si neuter in genere aliquo insit: quare /*erag non negatur aiterura de altero, nisi anibo sint surama
.

genera, ut neutrura
propositio negans

alio

genere contineatur.

Nara

si

cogitur

^B,

aut cogitur per secundura syllogisraum

, in quo terminus minor (B) in genere aliquo inesse debet, aut (nam xrjv TtQog xovxo TCQOxaGiv vs. IT propositionem rainorera dicit) per duos primos figurae secimdae syliogismos, ut ant B terrainus rainor (quod fit in prirao), maior (quod fit in secundo Iiuius figurae syllogismo) in aut alio inesse debeat ut pars in toto. Adhuc de secunda figura loquitur, in 19^20 d^qjoxiQcav 8\ qua quum non fiat syllogisraus e binis propositionibus negantibus, h. e. si terminorum ^B ea sit ratio, ut idera de utroque negetur, apparet propositionera negantera ^B cogi non posse, si neuter terrainus genere aliquo contineatur: nara si neuter in genere aliquo inest, quum de neutro quidquam affirmetur, idem de utroque praedicari vel de altero affirmari, de altero negari numquara poterit, sed negari utique debebit de utrounde apparet _verura esse quod dixit vs. 12 sqq. que Vs. IT et 21 restituiraus quod raeliores codd. praebent. ysvsdd^ai vs. II et Boethius et Pacii rass. habent, vs. 21 autem

figurae primae

edd.

Bkko priores veram lectionem exhibuerunt.

demonstrationem non adaut utraque , propositiofalsaest(^0) autminor. 80 a 6 Si propositio affirmam AB non admittit demonstrationem syllogismi falsi , per quem in prima figura A rfe B non praedicari cogitur , aut utraque
Cap. 16. Si propositio negans
mittit, syllogismi falsi, quiA.

AB

de^

praedicari cogit

.,

Aoalytica posteriora.

341

proposttio falsa est aut altera utra^ 2T in secunda figura vero aut utraqtie falsa exparte (33) aut altera utra contraria vero.

79b23 dyvoEl
rat,

xaz' dnocpaGiv qui

dyvoiZ xata did&sOLV qui de ea

rem aliquam prorsus ignofallitur. Idem discrimen

dicitur dyvoslv tco okcog

est
lirj

quod

tetigit

77b25:

aiter

enim

i%iiv eni.6t^^i]v ^ aiter vero rci q^avkag

e%hv

s.

tg) (pav-

XrjV dLad^iGiv sxhv.

19b25

Orationem esse anacoluthon recte 222 b 13). Namque Aristoteies, postquam t^v xata did^ECcv dyvoiav per syllogismum fieri dixit, bene enim perspectum habebat in doctrina Analytica, quippe quae esset de demonstratione, nonnisi de ea deceptione agendum esse, quae fieret per syllogismum ipse se corrigens addit fieri quidem posse, ut t^ x. didd: dyvoia in iis quae demonstrationem non admittant etiam sine syllogismo fiat, sed hanc iam ab hoc loco alienam esse; in hac enim simpliciter (sine ratiocinatione) aliquid falsi pro vero sumi (dnkij rj dTtdtt] vs. 28). lam vero quum pcr falsum syliogismum demonstravimus quod repugnat propositioni verae qnae demonstrationem oninino non admittit, pluribus modis decepti esse possumus. Ac primum quidem decipimur, si prodemonstrationem non admittit, nos vero positio negans propositionem affirmantem .^B aliunde colligimus, quod fit, quum Jl de omni C, C de omni 5 praedicari ponimus: cuius quidem syllogismi utraque propositio falsa esse potest: nam si utraque falsa est- verae erunt propositiones ,,^denuIIo C" et ,.Cde nullo 5". quae stare possunt cum eo quod ab initio sumsimus, terminum ^ dto^ag negari de B. Etenim ut toficag negetur Jl de 5, neque ^ neque B in alio inesse poterunt ut partes in toto (v. supra vs. 12), quod minime contradicunt propositiones .,j4 de nullo C, C de nullo B'\ Deinde (vs. 40) fieri etiam potest, ut propositio maior falsi syllogismi quem fecimus (^ de omni C, C de omni J5, ergo de omni B) vera sit: nihil enim impedit quin neque ^4 neque B alio gcnere contineantur, simul vero ^4 de omni C recte praedicetur, dummodo C de B praedicari non verura sit: nam propositio minor vera esse non potest, quia, si neque^ neque B in alio genere insunt (h. e. si propositio negans demonstrationem non admittit), propositio quae C de B praeavtr] d' Iv (ii.v...

observavit Pliiloponus

(scliol.

^B

^B

342
dicari dicit

Analytica posteriora.
non
falsa

essenonpoterit:

si

enim vera

esset, ter-

minus

generi

subiectus esset.

80 a 3

vjcccQX^t'

affirmatur sive

recteAlex. de praedicato universo intellexit, sive negatur: aifirmatur enim Jl de C, negatur

de B (79b29sq.). Similem Aristotelis in negatione omittenda negligentiam notavimus ad 25aH7 p. .378, 27b27, 6.1 b33, Eundem sensum Jiabet verbura oiarrjyoQijTca quod sequitur.
Dicit

'

enim hoc. Si neque propositio affirinans ^C neque propositio negans ^B demonstrationem admittit, propositio CB Verunnegans esse debebit {p{}8ixeQ0V o^idaTSQG) larai). tamen non refert utrum illae propositiones demonstrari possint an non : nam etiam si possint, propositio CB negans non esse non poterit unde apparet (hoc autem reticuit Aristoteles, quippe quod manifestura sit) propositionem C5, si ^C vera surata sit et affirmans , falsam utique sumi debere (affirmantem sc), ut fiat deceptio, qua propositionem AB affirmantem esse per syllogisraum deraonstravisse putemus: nam si vera sumitur CB et negans, deceptio, qua propositionera j4B affirraantem esse opinemur, accidere non potest propterea, quod ex affirmante ^C et negante QB efficeretur Lectionera difficiliorem^r^WTOi' quam conclusio negans ^5.
:

vet. intp. Gotli.

et

nonnuliae edd. Pacio priores

,

servant ex

de quo Versum 5 quem Boethius , vet.

optt. codd. restituimus

cf.

quae diximus ad 66b20.

et Pliilop.

intp.

habuerunt,

quaraquam

in optt. libris

non

legitur, eiicere

non ausi suraus.

Quod cur non

feceriraus, ex

iis

patebit quae supra diximus.

80 a 6 In iis quae praecesserunt falsa conclusio erat affirmans. lam ponamus propositionem alfirmantem ^B veram esse et demonstrationem non admittere. Si igitur in prima figura coacta erit ex propositionibus ,^A fit conclusio negans JtB de orani Cnegatur, Cdeorani ^affirraatur", quaeambaefalsae non esse non possunt: sunt enira falsde, si ^ non solura Ae B (quod ab initio surasiraus), sed etiara de C ard/Liwg affirraanara C de omni B praedicari non poterit, si propositur tio quae A de orani B' praedicari dicit, vera est, sed deraonstrationem lion admittit, ita ut B in nullo aho genere inesse h. e. si iB et C in eodem genere possit nisi in genere
^

duae species simt eiusdem ordinis

negans ^C, ab
initio

(dvzLdtrjorj^iva).

Potest

etiam altera ntra falsa esse.

positio

Namque primum
autem sumsimus

vera

sit

pro-

Ag

B dto^csg

Analytica posteriora.
praedicari, iinde apparet propositionem minorem,
in

843

CB^ quae secundo syllogisrao figurae primae affirraans esse debet, ut coiligatur quod velimiis ^ non praedicari dejB", falsam non esse non posse: nam C, de quo orani negatur ^, de B praedicari non potest (vs. 18). Etenira si C de recte praeAc B drofKOS praedicetur, propositio nedicaretur, quura gans AC vera esse non posset. Accedit, quod, si et propo-

clusio

negans AC et affirmans CB verae essent, etiani connegans vera esse deberet (quod repugnaret ei quod ab initio sumsimus). Consequitur igitur propositionem
sitio

AB

aifirmantera

CB

falsara esse.

si

vera

sit

negans ^C.

21)

Quod

dedit llkk. vs. 18 viidQiH pro vTcdQ%HV niendura putarera, nisi

idera etiam in ed. minore legeretur.
intpp.
et

edd. priores consentiunt.

J5,

In nostra lectione codd.

Deinde
si

(vs.

si

aTO.uMg praedicatur de

etiam decipimur,

conclusionem

negantem facimus
gante et vera

AB

ex propositione faisa

AC

eaque ne-

eaque affirraante, quod fieri posse apparet, si B insit in genere A (idque aTO/iCOg, ut ab initio siirasimus) in genere C: nam propositio maior, qua A de omni C et negatur , quum de aiiquo non negari debeat, siquidem A insit in genere C, falsa erit. Male hunc locum intellexit Pliiioponus (scliol. 22H b 10 sqq.). 80a27 Si A de omni jB dxoiiag praedicatur, in secunda figura,

CB

ut colligatur

de nuilo

jB

praedicari,

non ambae proposi(oAat

i/^i>-

tiones ita surai possunt, ut

vero

contraria& sint

quae diximus ad .54b2() et ad 54 al): nam si de omni ^ et C de omni A praedicatur, consequitur C de omni de aliB; sin autem A de orani 5 et C de orani B, erit quo C. Non poterit igitur, si A de orani B praedicetur, quod verura esse ab initio surasiraus, tertium aliquid (C) de altero omni affirmari et de altero orani negari, quod postulat secunda figura. lam si nihilominus tamen sumantur propositiones CA et CB (vs. 32), quales postxilat secunda figura, altera de omni affirraabit, altera dc omni negabit. At falsas
8h^
cf.

eas esse et vero contrarias posuimus.

in

Si igitur convertuntur

eas

quae

ipsis contrariae sunt,

verae exibnnt; at ne hoc

falsa proveniet,
sit

quidem esse potest, quia eadem conclusio

saiis

quura ex universali propositione affirmante facta

univer-

negans et vice versa.

Non poterunt

igitur arabae vero

contrariae esse, ut conclusio falsa exeat.

344

Analytica posteriora.
falsae erunt,
si

80 a 33 Ex parte
firmans ,

C^

sumatnr

xiniversalis et af-

CB

vero iiniversalis et negans vel (dvccTcahv rsQ^ivvs. 37)

ros Tov 6tSQ.

CA

universalis et negans,
et

CB
rco

vero
ro

iini-

versaiis et affirmans,

quamquam
(jiiod
iis

C^

et

CB

particularfes et

affirmantes esse deberent,

non adversari

A rio B

drofiag vTidQ%uv ex

patet quae supra diximus.

{ipsvdrjg enim et hic et in idem est quod bkt] il^svdi^g) sumi poterit. Nam si C de omni A, etiam de omni B praedicabitur, quiim ab initio sumserimus A de omni B praedicari droficog. lam quum CB sumitur vero contraria, exit conclusio falsa AB universe negans. Deinde (b2) si C de nullo >B, etiam de nullo A praedicabitur: nam si praedicaretur de ^, etiam de ^ praedicaretur: negatur autem de J5, quare negabitur etiam de A. (Haec argumentatio facile intelligitur, si pro termino A genus, pro terraino 5 aliquam speclem substituimus verum eius fundamentum in eo est quod liabuimus 53bl2.) Quare si sumitur propositio vera C de nullo B" et falsa ,j,C de omni Vs. 40 viidQxu A'\ propositio falsa erit vero contraria. et codd. optimi et edd. priores liabent omnes praeter Basil. 80b6 Quae de altero syllogismo figurae secundae dicuntur tam similia sunt iis quae praecesserunt, ut facile ex iis intelligan-

80a38

Aitera soia vero contraria

seqq.

tur.

Cap. 17. De propositionibus afjirmantibus quae demomtrationem admittunt decipifnur et vero termino medio utefites, si propositionemmaiorem falsamsufnimus, 26 et falso, sivel maiorem '^'ivel utramqiie iO vel minorem solafnfalsas sumimus. 81 a 5 Iti secunda Jigura^ si altera utra propositio falsa sumilur. 15 Eadem ratiofie de propositionibus negantibus decipimur.

80blT Delendum putarem

jj

(i7j

v7cdQ%ov6iv, nisi omissio scri-

bentium negligentiam prodere videretur propter vTidQiovGiV quod praecessit. Etiam versio Boeth. ista verba retinet. Fallitur Philop. in eo quod dicit (schol. 224 a 14) naQaSidcoKB Ipse enim se redarguit per ea quae legimus 81 nQOTiQov schol. 224 b 25 sqq. 80b2l.De dvnrpdOBi v. quae diximus ad 17a33. Hoc loco dv-

Ticpadig
p,Evov.

est

ro dltj^eg rb xat' dvricpadiv

dvn6tQB(pBtui.

ra

iptvdsi dvrncBi-

80b29

oiL>

yccQ

Propositionem

CB

non con-

Analytlca posteriora.

345

vertere licebit in contrariam (de quo sensu verbi kvxlOxq. diximus ad 25 a 6), quia, si propositio negans CB quae est misive affirmante sive negante connor, cum propositione Quare si iungitur in prima figura, niliii oranino coliigitur. per syllogismum primae figurae decipimur, falsa utique erit propositio maior, minor non erit.

AC

80 b 26

Si terminus

medius sumitur
si

is,

per quem recte demon-

stratur

AB,

qui syilogismo facto decipitur, propositionem

alius

ma-

iorem falsam posuit; ceptio pluribus modis

ior faisa est,
est. Deinde sumere licet,

terminus medius sumitur, de-

fieri potest.

Ac primum quidem,

si

ma-

eodem raodo
(vs.
si

decipiraur atque iam expositum

32)

etiam utramque propositionem falsam

terminus medius ponatur, qui a vera demonsit.

stratione alienus

Namque

veri

syllogismi

conciusio af-

firmans

AB

coacta erat per terminiim

medium

C
,

recte praedicatur de omni J) et JJ de nullo

lam si sumta falsa

utraque pi-opositione
conclusio

{A de

de nullo B,

nullo />, D de omni B) exit falsa Nara altera propositione sola in

contrariara conversa aut niliii oranino cogitur (intell. conversa maiore) aut (minore conversa) nihil falsi colligitur. Denique (vs. 40) si sumitur terrainus medius /?, qui a vera demonstratione alienus esse debeat, etiam propositio minor soia

Nara si et recte de omni B, quum sumiraus negatur de orani JJ et de de omni B, quod colligitur ex propositione manullo /?, Vs. 4 Brandis. (Vaiore vera et minore falsa, falsura est,
falsa esse potest, ut conclusio falsa exeat.

riet. lect. Aristot.)

scribi vult

tl^BvdrjS-,

quod, quura emendatio

et facilis esset et sensui conveniens, iibenter recepissem, nisi

obstaret codicum auctoritas.

81 a 5 Si

de orani

praedicari recte cogitur terraino medio

non potest^ de nuilo aut JJ de omni A et de nullo B aut de nullo A et de omni B praedicari debede orani B praedicetur, fieri nequit. Cauret, quod, quum
interiecto, in secunda figura colligi

praedicari, quia, ut hoc cogeretur,

sam exposuit 60a27 sqq. 81 a 9 Sin autem altera utra

vera,
rit.

propositio

falsa sumitur,

altera

de nullo

praedicari in secunda figura cogi pote-

Vs. 10 ex optt. codd. dedimus VTcaQxoi, Bkk.

cum

edd.

vndQxu. 81 a 15 Si ^ de mUlo
prr.

praedicari recte demonstratur per ter-

346

Analytica posteriora.
C, propositionem minorem veram, maiorem

minum medium

falsam sumsit qui per

eundem terminum medium

B
si

praedicari
alio

falso

coegit.

Eadem
est.

deceptio
est

de omni iocum habet,

ex-

termino medio usus

posuit

80bll

Causa

eadem quam

.32.

Sin autem

(vs. 24),

ut faciamus faisam

conclusionem ^,A de omni praedicari", termino raedio utimur, qui a vera demonstratione aiienus est, aut recte praedicatur de (vs. 25) aut non praedicatur (vs. 27). lam

si

recte praedicatur
orani jB",
falsa

de D^ ut prodeat falsa conclusio

debebit propositio rainor quae affirmat, quia etiam conclusio affirmat. Quae quidem deceptio iocum babet, si praedicatur de et Z?, ita taraen,
esse

de

DB

ut

affirmetur de

et

negetur de

Tov
iit

VJtciQXBiv {\s. 26)^ quara ctiara

(hanc enim vim esse habuiraus OaS, bene aniSin autem(vs.27)

madvertit Philop. schol. 225 a 8),

D vero et B ita coraparata sint,

neutrum

in neutro insit ut pars in toto.

ut falsa coneaque affirmans , non faisa sunii non poterit, minor BD^ quae affirmans surai debet, quia conclusio falsa fieri debet affirmans, et vera esse poterit et falsa. Nam cum vera conciusioue negante AB^ quam ab initio sumsimus, et negante propositione maiore stare poterit minor DB sive recte affirmans (cuius syllog-israi exemplura habemus vs. 31) sive negans (vs. 32). Vs. 29 dedimus quod ed. Sylb. et Casaiib., Boethii versio et omnes codd. habent ^B et ipsa res postulat: nam in propositione minore terminus raedius^praequare etiara invitis codd. plcrisqiie dicatur de minore B eandera lectionera cum Boethio servavimus vs. 2 quamquam
ciusio exeat

recte negatur de

D^

propositio raaior ^/>,

AB

AD

vs.

19 et Boethio et codd.

invitis

ylF scribere non

ausi sumus.

scientia.,

Cap. 18. Propositiones tmiversales., es quibus comparatur inductione nitufitur., quae Jit ex iis quae sensibus per-

cipiunlur.

81a38

Si sensus quidara deficeret, deficeret etiam inductio, quare etiara scientia q\iaedara deficeret: nara propositiones universales, quibus substructis scientia ut fundaraento nititur,

quamqiiam non deraonstrantur, tamen firmantur, ut ita dicam, et stabiliuntur per inductionera. De inductione v. quae diximus ad 68bl5 et ad 71a2i. 81 b 3 xa | dq^aLQSOeas Xeyo^eva sunt eae notionis ciiiusque

Analytica posteriora.

347

partes quae cogitatione separari et a reliquis seiiinctae considerari possunt eo sensu quo habuiraus verbum d(pc(LQBl6&ttL

74 a 3T. De dtpaiQiGH optime disseruit Trdibg. de an. p. 47 sqq. Quae sint xh. iv dcpaiQiOH drra, ut dicit e. g. 429 b 18, inteiiigimus ex contrario: opponuntur enim ta ex nQOC^sdsag^

de quibus v. Biese I. p. 274. not., 431. not.3. De coel. 299al6 ta ,uv yaQ In' sxeivav {tav (ia9)]uattKav inteil.) ddvvata evn^aivovta xal tolg qjvGLXolg dxoKov^7]6Bi ta dh tovtoig SJi' exSLVcav o^x anavta dta tb ta (liv s^ dq)aiQB6scog Xsys,

09aL ta ^ad^rj^atLxd, th 8b (pv6Lita BX TCQoa^sCBCjg^ li, e. dLcc t6 tolg cpv6LX0LS ^iv vlrjv JiQo^BLvaL^ toig ^adij^atLXolg ds Eundem sensum habet t6 bx nQo69B6Bcog 982 a 27, quem liTJ. locum adscripsimus ad 78b:V2. cf. 87a35. Dc rebus matheraaticis copiosius dicit 1061 a 28 6 {la&rjfiatLiibg jisqI ta s^ d(paiQB6Bcag tr^v ^scoQiav TtOLSltaL' jiSQisXciv yccQ Ttdvta Ta al^dr^ta 9bo3qsl, olov ^dQog xcd xovcpotyjta xal ^alrjQottjta zal tovvavxiov, stL 8s xal &SQ^6Tr]ta xal ilivxQOtrfta nal tag
cckXag tag ai^d^rjtdg BvavtL036Big,

ebv xal 6vvf%Bg, tcov ^sv

XQLa,
oiL>

scp'

'bv
rj

^ovov ds %ataXBinSL tb %otav 6' bjil dvo tav 6' sjil

7io6d s6tL xal 6vvBxi]
,

y.a\

ta nd%ri ta tovtcov

xwi.

xaO''

stsQOV tL ^scoQsl, xal tav ^sv tdg TCQbg dkXrjXa &s-

6SLg 6}ionsl xal td tavtaig

Tcal

vndQxovta, tav 8s xdg 6vu^BXQiag

,

d6v^(isxQiag,

tav

8s tovg koyovg

dll''

Ofiag fiiav ndv3Ia-

tav xal

trjv avtrjv ti^syisv lnL6tiqpiriv tijv ysafiBtQixi^v.

theraatica non ;^opi0To; esse (de quo v. quae divimus ad ia25)

probat Met.

M.

c.

2 et

3,

attaraen cogitantur

ag

xBxaQL6fiSva.,

h. e. cogitatione separari

debent et seiungi a materia: 431 b 12 td ds sv dq)aLQB6SL Isyofisva vosl (d vovg) co6nBQ dv sl tb 0iftdr, ri fiBV 6Lfi6v, ov xBxaQLOixBvag (causa in eo est quod
sivai
slnslv

habemus 1030b30 5ta TO ddvvatov

avsv tov nQdyfiaxog
oi)

tb

^Lfibv

xa^' auTd s6tl yaQ t6 6iyibv aoLXoxrjg sv QLvi: unde apparet cur dicat 10.'Ua4 t6 6' Xsya sv olg 6vfi^aivsL dlg tb avtb Xsysiv., jc nQ06&B6Bag
B6tL ndd^og

nam

(lO.SOb-Vi) t6 QLva 6L,ur]v slnslv ^ ovy, s6xlv ^ dlg xb avxb s6xai slQrjfxsvov., Qig Qlg xoiAt^), j] 8b xolXov, sX XLg Bv6st svsQyfia, dvsv xijg 6aQ'/cbg dv bv6sl sv j] xb Tioikov. ovxa td pLa^rjfxaxixd od xBxaQL6fisva cog xBxaQL6fiBva vosl., oxav VOT] sxsiva. Sententia nostri ioci haec est. Universales

propositiones
in
iis.,

omnes

inductione

coraparantur,

quum etiam
ut

qiiae

a sensibus

maxime

aliena videntur et quae,

348

Analytica posteriora.

mathematica (tcc s^ ccqpatpa^f cjg) , cogitatione separantur a materia quacum coniuncta sunt, inductione probentur ea quae

de genere (e. g. de linea vel de corpore mathematico), ad quod demonstratio pcrtineat, praedicentur xccd^' amcc et cum eius natura coninncta sint. Inductio autcm iis nititur quae
sensibus percipiuntur
tia
:

nam

res singuiares sentiuntur, scien-

vero rerum singuiarium non datur sine inductione, non

datur inductio sine sensu.

logismus factus est,

infinita

Cap. 19. Si propositiones ipsae AB et BC, ex quibus syldemonstrari possunt , quaeritur num infi-

nita esse possit terminorum series qui praedicentur de C, vel

terminorum series de quibus praedicetur A, 82

infinitus esse possit.

2 de-

inde

num terminorum mediorum,

C, numerus
habet
in

qui interponendi sint inter

ei

Eadem

dubitatio loiis

cum

syllogismo negante,

15 locum non habet in

proposilionibus

quarum termini

converti possunt.
tij dkrjQ^sia, init.

81 b 18 To xara do^av et t6 diaXsxTLiiag opponuntur

Topic.

quod iam liabuimus 46 a 9, de quo discrimine dicemus

81 b21 Nostram lectionem et comprobant Boeth., vet.intp. Goth.,

Philop.(schoi.

225b4
vet.
. .

6)

et edd.

Bkko priores hoc

legisse

solo dis(xt]
.

crimine,

quod
.

intp. videtur

doxel 6b

elvat

, reliqui vero doxEt 8b ixtj sivai , 6 . . Nos dvaynalov, 6 delendum putavimus ftVat, quum facilius aliena manu addi qiiam eiici potuisse videatur : nam eiiciendi iusta causa co-

gitari vix potest.

est.

Lectio Bekkeri facilior, nostra Conclusio dialectica

difficilior

bene habet in syllogismo dialectico, si propositio j4B terminum medium habere non v i d e a t u r, quamquam revera habeat, ut, cui propositum sit non ut scientiae speciem sectetur, sed ut veram sibi comparet scientiam, ei non acquiescendum sit in propositione ylB, sed ipsam demonstrare debeat. 81b25 jcara Gvfi^s^rjKog, de quo v. quae diximus ad 43a.34.
Dicit

enim hoc.

AC

81 b 2T 6 Qi6t6v

(isv ti

yaQ ...

h. e.

6 (isv yccQ dv&gcojiog

(Sia t6 %cjrj

slvai xal nad'' avro) o^x stsqov ti cjv

s6Tiv, tb 8s

dv-^Qca-

nog ksvnog
^rjKS

Isvxov

(cf.

73 b 6)

dicc

to sv vitonsi-

lisva slvai (v. Ia24) stsqov Tt ov Xsvxov sGTiv^

on

6v(i^s-

dvd-QCOTta) slvai Aevxcj.

81 b 31 Exspectabas t diceret xai o^ti

hta

Indicativum

Analytica pos teriora.

posiiit,
qxiia in

349

raente adhuc habebat indicativnra vndgxsi qiii Similem constructionis negligentiam, qua quae sequuntur conformata sunt ad ea quae proxime antecesserunt, habemns 216 b 25 il bt xovro n?] *6;, rj oXcog xivrjCtg ovx iGtav
praecessit.
ri

xvixavBi xb okov, coGiteg

v8oaQ7ia\ dsga.

ecpr]

Sovd^og,

i)

slg

iGov fiBxa^dk-

18 dkk' o^x tj dnXri xal xsksia ysvsGLg Cvy/CQiGsi xal diaxQiGsi aQcGxat, ag xivsg (paGiv, ry]v 6' sv xa

Xhv

317

Gvvsxsl iiBxa^okr^v dkkoiaGLV. 661 b 30 dia ^sv ovv xb sv sv\

SLvai (lOQLG) rrjv aiG&rjrixrjV

dQXfjV xat rrjv rijg &SQfi6x7]rog

xal rj xov aTfiarog (exspectabas xal rb ai^a) diib nidg S6rlv p%^g. 81 b 32 aQ^ ovv rovro , inteil. rr]V dvG) odov (cf. 82 a 23) , h. e.
7(,arr]yoQsl(5^ai, coQrs xb B rov F, rb Z rov B, Vs. 39 dX)J dXko sxslxov Z xal xovxo slg dnsLQOv, vcp. Exspectabas dXX' a dkXo. Eandera structurae negligentiara notavimus ad 25b35. 82 a 2 Tres sunt igitur quaestiones quas hic proponit, primura,

t6 dXko dXXov t6

mira in propositionibus j4B

vav

xcp

r,

iit,

si

a termino

BF infinita P incipias

sit
,

series

xav

STto^e-

pervenire non possis

ad terminura A, deinde
tai t6

num

infinita sit series

eorum

olg ejce-

A,
sit

\\t

ei qui a terraino

incipiat

ceat usque ad terminum P, deniqiie

num

procedere non 11spatium quod inter-

terminum A et F nonnisi infinito terminorum mediorum numero interposito explerl possit: debet enira expleri, ut proveniat conclusio. Apparet autem tertia quaestione
lectum
inter

continerl reiiquas.

Signis has quaestiones sic exprimere licet:

r...

(dva),

A ... r

(xdxa),

T.

82 a 7 bI at dno8sih,BLg slg dTCSLQOV SQXovxaL: de qua re quld \s. 8 TCQbg dD.7]Xa nSQaistatuendum sit, vidimus cap. 3. VBO^^av dicuntur quorum termini raedii non infiniti sunt, ut sive xmo sive pluribus terminis mediis interiectis maior cura

minore continua ratiocinatione connectatur in conclusione. Quae Albertus Magnus habet de vs. 10 corrupta esse apparet: dicit enira: ,,Unde quidara libri habent sic: Et si^non .inestin^, milll autem prirao: aut erit aliquid infra, cui priori non inest. ut si est proprium C, quod in B est omni, et iterum hoc in alio etiam priori, \\t sl C est, quod est in omni C, et namque aut infinita sunt, quibus non inest prioribus aut staturT' Quibus addit: ,,Et haec littera raelior est et est translatio loannis a Graeco facta, sicut translatio Boethii".

Analytiua posteriora.

82al5

Si plnres termini inter se convertuntur,

eodem quisqne
:

quo reliqui de ipso quare in his neque alterum altero TtQotSQOV est neque v6rQ0v^ sed et quatenus praedicantur et quatenus orationi subiiciuntur (xavtrj yh vs. 11, li. e. rj dvnKaxrjyoQHTai) nuUum eorum discrimen est, sive quae praedicantur infinita sunt sive et quae
iure praedicatur de reliquis,

praedicantur et de quibus praedicantur,

quamquam

excipienda

simt quae recte (jcara (pv6iv) et quae per abusum (TtuQa (pv6lv) praedicantur: nam liaec etiam si inter se convertantur,

tamen non eodem iurepraedicantur utraque, sed alterum jrpdreQOV erit altero, alterum vOtBQOv^ ) Ys. 16 dedimus quod et
sensus aperte postulat et Boethii et intp. Goth. versio habet.

Bkkus codicum auctoritate motus veram lectioncm, qnam ante eum omnes edd. exlubuerunt, non recepit.
Cap. 20. Si est aliquid summum quod praedicatur et aliquid inJimum., de quo^ terminorum mediorumseries infmita essenonpotest.

82 a 24 Si numerus terminorum mediorum, q\ii inter ^ et Z interiiciendi snnt, infinitus esset, neque ab ^ ad Z neqne a Z ad A procedere liceret, quod absurdum esset: snmsimus enim praedicari A de Z. Qua in re nihii refert, si quis terminos quarundam propositionum huius seriei ita cohaerere dicat, nt non detur novus terminvis qui medius inter eos interponi possit, sicut^5,

BB'
ut

et

B'B"

in serie

ABBB" ...Z^
Apparet inde
sicut in illa se-

quae
rus

ita

comparata

sit,

et

dios liabeant praeter

et B',

B" non alios terminos mequamquam infinitus sit nume-

eorum quibus coniungantur

vs.

B"

et Z.

quod dicat

34

aqp'

oi;
^

6r]

jiQatov

ccnsiQa.,

rie inde a terraino

B"

ftV evQvs (sive iam inde a termino

flagitat y^J3Z,

A)

ilts

fitj

svd^vg (sive inde a termino B").

82a.31 llestituimus quod sensus dices omnes aut praebent

quaraquam co-

ABF (quod

probavit Brandis. Va-

riet. lect. Arist.) aut ^J5, quae ab hoc loco aiiena esse iam inde apparet, qnod littera neque in iis reperitnr quae proxime

quae praecesserunt. Codicnm error a versionibus latinis ortns videtur naraque et Boetliius et vet. intp. lat. habent ABC, quod hoc loco graece vertendum est ABZ, quia eaedem versiones vs. 25, 27 29 et 33 litterara Z iittera C reddiderunt. Quod vero sensura hanc iectionera flagitare diximus, faciie inde eiucet, quod littera B non unum
sequiintur neque in
iis
:

Analytica posteriora.

351

terminum significat, sed (quod Aristoteles ipse dixit vs. 25) omnes quicunque medii interponendi sint inter ^ et Z, ut series quam supra habuimus ABB'B"...Z Aristoteli expri-

menda sit^jB...Z. Quae quiun

stituere

ita sint, Iianc

lectionem re-

non dubitavimus.
Si conclusionis ajjirmantis non injinitus
est ter-

Cap. 21,

minorum mediorum numerus, neque tiegantis erit : b5 neque enim in prima Jigura 13 neque in secutida^ 22 neque in tertia, 29 neque si omnes coniungantur infmitus datur terminorum mediorum numerus.
.,

82 b 5 Si cogitur in prima figura de nullo B., B de omni C, ergo de nuilo C, propositio minor, quia affirmans est, non infinitos terminos medios habebit hoc est enim quod ab ini-

tio

sumsimus.

Relinquitur igitur ut maior

^de

nullo

5" per

allos
(cf.

terminos medios cogatur in prima figura : quod ut fiat 82al() de nullo /> et /? de omni praedicari 13),

debebit; deinde

A A de

nullo

vel alio

quocunque termino

et E de omni D, ut terminorum series haec eveat: ^ de nullo EDB, in qua quum non infinitus sit numerus eorum quae de termino B praedicantur ( affirED) mantur enim eorum de quibus non praedicatur A , etiara series finita erit (est enim eadem Unde apparet JSi?). ferri non posse quod Boeth., vet. intp. et omnes edd. tuentur: primum enim recte observat Philop. (schol. 221 a 5) r/^v
%
.
.
.

xb dvco 686v hoc loco de affirmantibus propositionibus dictum esse (nam in serie de nullo ... rj stiI xb dva 68bg incipit a termino jB), probat autem Aristoteles propositionum negantium non infinitos esse terminos raedios , si affirmantium finiti sint, demonstrat igitur ori, stcbI tj enl rb
ItiI

EDB

ScvG)

iOxaxai 666g, xal ij enl xb %dxa (quae ex propositionibus negantibus constat: incipit enim a termino A) Gri^Gexai.

Deinde nostram lectionera veram esse docent quae sequuntur xal sGxuL xl TCQcbxov
verbis
6Bxai) explicari
aliquid de

ovx vJtaQxsc {xb

{rj

A
si

intell.)

quibus

ea quae proxime praecesserunt

inX xb xdxG) 6xrjquis dicit esse

nemo

erit qui neget.

Nam

quo prirao negetur A., xrjV ndxco 68bv finitam esse contendit: nam ij yidxa 68bg ab eo incipit quod praedicatur, transit ad ea de quibus praedicatur. Denique nostram lectionem etiam id comprobat quod dicit vs. 21 tcj dvcoxBQa.

352

Analytica posteriora.
In seciinda fig:ura syllogisnius neg^ans
j4 et

82bl3

fit hoc modo: B de de nullo C. Alio termino medio inteiposito propositio minor de nulio C aat in prima figura (dia roi) dvco TQOJtov vs. 15) dcmonstrabitur, in qua terminos medios infinitos esse non posse iam exposuimus, aut in secunda aut in tertia. In secunda autem demonstrabitur,

omni

de nullo

C, ergo

si

propositio quacdara affirmans assumitur (tl dvdyxi] vjidgxt,

:

Tw B vs. 18) lioc modo D de omni B et de nullo C, de nulio C. Deinde (vs. 19) ut demonstretur propositio negans , qua modo usi sumus, D de nullo C, alius terminus assumi debebit qul affirmetur de D, negetur de C. Quare quura syllogisraus negans propositione affirmante, cuius demonstratio non infinita est, seraper indigeat, neque proXBiV

ergo

positionis negantis demonstratio infinita esse potest.

82b21 xa

dvatSQCO^ h.

e. i'6tutat,

Iv

tj]

enl xb

dva oda. Dad' iXdt-

tivus negligentius positus est et

eadem fere

ratione explican-

dus qua 177 b 3

ffi

TtQoeadia Xei^iv.

xovg
ysvtt

ovtoi,

X(p

^syid^st

tav

yo[iq)icov.

788 b 34 t(Ji 786 b 33 ta

(isv yccQ

oQ&ag

sotxs ksys69at x6

^aQv Iv

yisyi%SL Ttvl slvat

xov

xtvov^ivov.
rj

686 b 27 aLtiov d\

co6itSQ sYQrjtat tiqoxsqov, ott

tijg il^vxijg ^QXV ^oXka drj dvOxivTjtog sott xal Gcj^attodrjg. 755 b 12 oiovtat yaQ dtaq^sQStv t&tv vo}it^o(isvav dQQivav tovg Q^i^Xstg adtav coGtcsq xav (pvtav, sv oGotg ta (isv xuqnocpoQsl tb 8' dxaQTtov sGttv 6(ioiag 8s nal tovg Ix^vg TiXrjV tav GsXaxav tovtotg yaQ ovx dficfitGptjtovGtv. 694 b 27
. . .

ot

(isv

TcaxvtSQov sxovtsg {avxsva) nitovtat sxtsta^iivcp

xa
8tcc

avxsvt, ot ds XsTCxbv xal (laxQbv Cvyxsxa^iftsva.

774 a 23

8s xb (ir] xb <5a(ia (xsysd^og s^stv.^ dkXa TtXsiovt Xoya xrjv xd&aQ6tv vJtSQ^dkkstv xrjg slg xb xvr](ia XQOcprjg 8vvatai xs 6vviGxa6&at t.aa nal vGtSQOV xal tavt' sxtQicpstv. 745 a 30 nXsiovt yccQ Xoycp aa&atQovvtat {ot dSovtsg) trjg aiu^^^Gsag. dXX^ 889 b 25 ov8s sv ta 6q)&aX(ia dst (isXatvat (at oiXai) dnoxaO^idxavtat ta XQOVCO. Quare quamquam plerumque Aristoteles dicit 'i6a tbv dQt&(i6v (e. g. 89b23), occurrit tamen
, ,

etiam

Ua xa

dQt&(ia 680 b 4

al.

889 b 27
noist

(coll.

33)

8ta xt

6 vdQ&rj^ xh xvxXcp

xrjg nXr^yfjg

SQV&Qd, xb 8s (tsOov

Xsvxov

82b22 lam

in tertia figura negetur

tur de onmi B, unde cogitur

cuius syllogismi

C Ae B, C de aliquo

^ vero praediceA non praedicari,

J5"

propositio maior

non praedicatur de

Analytica posteriora.
aut
in

353
BiQrjuevav
vs. 24,

prima vel secunda (Sia tav

aut in tertia
(o^Oicog)

ccvco

axSLVcas vs. 25)

demonstratur.

Si in

tertia,

propositio

affirmans

BE

coniungi debebit cura pro-

negante de parte CE^ quae si ipsa demonstratur, item propositio quaedani affirmans assumi debebit (xai tovto
positione

ndXiv ofiOLCog vs, 26). Unde apparet propositionis negantis demonstrationem desinere, si deficiant propositiones affirmantes.
Tertia figura
si

autem ab ambabus primis eo

terminorum mediorum
tb
jcaTCO,
l7tl

diff"ert,

quod

in his,

propositio negans novo termino medio inter-

iecto demonstratur, series

tb ccva

novus terminus medius adiicitur, non praedicatur de alio, sed semper aiiud de ipso, h. e. novus terminus odx dvo jiQO^aLVEi,
btiI

procedit. in tertia vero

quia in hac,

si

dllcc '/idta.

82b32 Quum
tum

et

dii interponi possint, finitus sit

figurarum et terminorum, qui in quaque raenumerus, finitus autem in finifinitum

multiplicatus

numerura

efficiat,

propositionum

quibus demonstratio utitur finitus semper erit numerus.

Ver-

bum

TcmsQaG^isvdxig non ferendum putavit Biihie

(cf.

tamen

ladxLg quod usu receptum est, 193a2S_aipa'xtff), qui ex iis quae dicit PJiilop. (scliol. 227a27) .,^nETCSQaafiSVC3g noXXdmg" hoc verbum consutum esse coniecit. At lectionera nostrara,

quara omnes fere codd. tuentur, etiara Boethii et vet. intp.

lat,

auctoritas confirraat.
. . .

82 b M) XoyLncog ^sv &scoQOvaLV folge der Biicher des Organon

Brandis Ueber die ReihenAbhh. der Berl. Akad. hist.phil. CI. 1833. p. 2.58. not. II. Ilassow Aristoteiis de notionis Opponitur ta Xodefinitione doctr. Berol. 1843. p. 19. not. yLocag tb dvaXvtLXCos 84 a 8 (cf. 88al9, 86a22 ibique Philopon.), accurata demonstratio, quae veris ipsius rei principiis nititur, ei quae probabili quadara ratiocinatione contenta est. Quare haud raale Biese I. p. 261 XoyLXCog vertit ,,aus allgemeinen Griinden" , dvaXvtLxag aus den wesentlichen Bestimmungen des Beweises". 1029 b 13 xal jtQatov SLjia^sv sma nsQL a^tov Xoycxag., oti latl tb ti tjv sivai sxaatov o Xsystai xciO^' avvo. 1041 a 28 q)avsQbv toivvv ort tpfitsl tb aXtiov tovto d' sazltb ti rjv SLvai, ag slnslv XoyLxag. 1030 a 25 snl tov fiy ovtog XoyL'iiag cpaai tLVsg slvaL tb n^] ov ov% dnXag dXXd (irj 6v. 1069 a 28 td yaQ ysvrj na&oXov d cpaGLV aQyag xal odaiag tlvai ^aXXov 6id tb XoyLxag t,i]tSLV, cf. 264 a 8.
v.

in

II.

23

354

Analytica posteriora.
fit
iit

idem fere sit qiiod dLalBxrixov (cf. qiiae Topic, Biese I. p. 47), id quod non ad ipsam veritatem pertinet, sed ad disserendi artem, qua sententiam sive veram sive faisam defendimus: quare dicit IOH7l)2() 8iaipiQBL d XQVXCOV OV%iV (Og HTtUV TIQOS BVIK XGJV GV^^aiVOVTMV, dkka TCQos xas koyfnas (lovov dvOxsQEias g cpvXdxxovkoyiycov
diceiinis
iiiit.
,

Unde

xai 8ik xb aal avxol koytxas (pSQSiv xhs dTiodtl^eLS.

129 a 30

koyLXov 8b xovx' bGtI jtQopir^fia jiqos 6 koyoL yivoivx^ av xal 0vivo\ %a\ xakoL. 162 b 27 bI ^bv yaQ bk ipsvScov Bv86i,G}v ds
(6 koyos TCBQaLvBraL), koyLnos.

Apparet inde quo sensa9"ial5

koyLxbs (JuAAoytOfJOg opponatur verae demonstrationi (dnoSBL^gi), quamquam 1355 a 13, ubi dicit bijlov 6' on 6 ^dXLGra
dvvdfiBvos rovro dBOJQBLV Bx rivcov naX Ttas .yivBxaL 6vkloyi6^6s, ovros
icctl

BvQ^vnTjixarLxbs
Bv9^vfii]i.iara

av

sYr]

^dhGra, rcQoGkafiav

jtBQi Ttoid t' BOrl

ra

xal rivus b^bl ^LacpoQas JtQbg

Toxs

hic et in

Xoyiaovs 6vlkoyL6}iovs , quum Xoyixbs 6vlloyL6fibs et iis quae proxime sequuntur opponatur rhetorico syi-

logismo {Iv^viiriyLaxL), veram demonstrationem significare videatur. Saepius t6 Aoytxws kiyBLV idem fere est quod 252 a 5
expressit verbis
boly.b

xb ovxco keysLV nXd6fiaxL n&Xkov. 1082 b 3

.,

Aayo 8b 7tka6^axG)8Bs rb TtQos vstb&e^LV ^B^La6^Bvov h. e. t6 Xoyov xttQLV (I01lb2, 1280b8) s.ldyov svBxa (10I2a6) Xsyo^Bvov. Quare nt opponitur t6 nBJtla6^Bvos ra TtBcpvxorcos 1404 b 19 6t6 dBL kav^dvBLV noLovvras aal ^r] ^okblv KiyBLV ita etiam t6 koyLxcbs ra cpv6L7tB7iXa6fjiBvcos dkXa TtBcpvKorcos xg 316 a 11 l'6ot 6' dv Ttg xat x rovrcov o6ov 8LacpBQov6LV oi quorum aiteri res contemcpv6L}iGiS xca KoyL'A.S)s 6-A,0TC0vvrBS
,
.,

plantur,
abstracto.

ut verbo utar nobis famiiiari,

in concreto

aiteri in

Idem discrimen rov

et 10:

Aoytxrag et xov cpv6LKG)s habe-

mns 204b4

bitationem, quae non e

quare 202 a 22 koyLH^v djcoQiav vocat durerum singularium (pliysicarum) conest.

templatione, sed e ratiocinatione sola orta

Eodem
De

fere
coei.

sensu

sibi

opponuntur t6

(pv6Lica>s et

t6 xa^okov.

280 a 32 nQbs ovs (pv^LK&s ^bv nBQL xov ovQavov (jlovov bYqtjxat., xaO^oAoi 8b nBQL dnavtos ^xsxpaiiBvoLS B6raL %al nBQl xovxov 8riXov. Ib. 283 b 17 xat cpv6Ly.c)s 8b xal jur/ xad^okov 6X0nov6iv dSvvaxov ^ didiov ov nQoxBQOv cpQ^aQrjvaL v6rBQ0v^ ^ nQdrBQOv (irj ov v6rBQov didLOv BLvac. Cf. 747 b 28 Y6cos 8s (idXkov av do^BiBv dn68BL^LS bIvul nL&avrj rav BLQrjfiBvav lokByco 8b koytxrjv 6ta Tovto , oTt b6cp xa&okov [idXkov^ ycxri
'

Analytica posteriora.

tav olxsicov earlv aQxav. lam patebit ex iis quae quomodo inteliigendum sit quod legitur de coel. 275 b 12 XoyiHc6tQOv (5' sariv tnixsiQslv '/calcjde. Cf. 1080al0 dXka TtfQL lilv tav idsav xal tovrov rbv tQonov xal dia AoyLxariQav xat dxgi^eGtSQav koyav s6ti %oXXa Gvvayayslv
3tOQQ(orsQa

diximus,

rois rs&saQrjasvoLS. Apparet ex iis quae adscripsimus quo sensu post Aristoteiem doctrinae jjliysicae opposita sit loyLX}] et quo iure e. g. Cicero (de finib. F, 7) koyLxfjV dicat
Ofioitt

eam

pliilosophiae partem

quae

sit

quaerendi ac disserendi".

Cap. 22.
esse
71071

Si cognosci potest quid aliqua res sit., injinita possnnt quae de ea praedica7itur. 8.3 a l Praedicatur

autem alterzim de altero aut sensu proprio aut per abusum, 24 Quae vere praedicantur aut quid res sit de qua praedica7itur defi/iiu7it aut ovji^s^rjxora sunt , 30 quae non per se C07isistunt, sed per id quod iis subieclum est. 36 Neque eorum quae qtiid res sit dejiniant neque rav Gv^^s^tjxorav series infinita esse potest,

quum

ipsa categoriarum natura praedicandi

i/ifinitus est

i7ifinilatem respuat.

b 32 Si

praedica7itur., 7ion datur demonstratio.,

numerus eorum quae 84 a 7 quod rectius pro-

batur ex ipsa eorum 7iatura quae praedica/itur xaO"' at5ra', ex qua apparet neque quae praedice7itur i7ifinita esse neque de quibus praedice/ttur, 29 7ieque terminorum mediorum se/iem

dari

i/ifi/iitam.

83 a 1 Quod in sequentibus fusius explicat, id iam habuimus 73 b 6 et 8lb24 sqq. Cf. quae diximus ad 2a20. De pronomine onsQ vs. 7, 13 sqq. v. quae dicta sunt ad 49 a 18, ubi iis quae coUegimus addenda sunt quae habentur 1007 a 31 tovra yaQ

diaQidrai odola xat t6 Gvii^s^rjyiog

Q^QaTtcp 6v^^e^7]xsv,

xov,

cf.

quae

dicit

rd yaQ ksvxov ra dv^sv ksvxbg dXV ov% onsQ XsvAlex. inschol. ad 116a23. Quare hic Ari'

on

s6rt,

ksvxov n sysvsro i^vkov, h. e. ovx sori t6 ^vXcp slvai t6 Xsvxa slvai brav yaQ ysvrjrat ^vXov ovx ovrag yiyvsrai a6r' slvai tr]v o^6iav avrov rb ksvxbv SLvac. 83 a 9 ovx bti stSQOv a6TiSQ TiQotSQOv ., h. e. od tovto ksya, (vs. .5), oTt stSQOv Tt, a evfi^s^rjxs ^vka stvat., Xsvxov s6tiv. 83al7 In aliis enuntiationibus id quod praedicatur etiam locum praedicati tenet, in aliis vero id de quo praedicatur: et in illis quidem vere praedicatur alterum de altero , in his non 23*
stoteles vs. 7 dicit ovQ^' otcsq
'

356
nisi

Analytica posteriora.
Particiila dsL per abnstim praedicatur. est cum adverbio jrAwg quod sequitur.
.

vs.

19 coniun-

genda

8:3a24 tcc fisv . . oGa di minus bene sibi respondent, sed talia frequentissima sunt apud Aristotelem. Sic 78 a 5 sibi respon-

dent evLore

[liv

ovh
8s.

ra

(liv

(liv

ev 8b ra.

ravra

ra SVLOLQ fiiv roig

8s.

Idem habemus 360 b 2, 236 a 3 ev ravra 8s. 386 a 26 fiiv 682 b 31 ravra fisv sxslva 8s. 181^24 Haud dissimiie est quod habetur 756 a
8s.

353 b 27 ru

o6cp av tJ syyvrsQai iq ^iqXsLa rov rLxtSLV rots TcXsiav %a\ VYQorsQog o ^OQog sv ra ccqqsvl syyivsraL. Cf. 789 b 9 olov Saepius etiam alterum membrum planc omittitur: ovTOg. 178a3 oi) yaQ ravrb Ot]iiaivSL d^vrsQov ro 8i ^aQvrSQOV Qrj&SV. 320 a 2 orav 8i (ir]8iv vTiopLSvy ov &drsQ0V ndd^og ?J <5vfi772 al yivsraL pisilav ^s^ijxog okcog ysvsdLg, rb 8s (pd^OQa. 6 d' sXdrrav avd^Qcanog xal rav akXav ^aov otLovv. Ex Platonis scriptis similia collegit Stailb. ad Protag. 330 A, ad Cri,

.,

tiam 119 C.

83a34

Sin autem sunt ideae, ad demonstrationem conficiendara minime sxmt idoneae, qxiia demonstratio esse nequit nisi sit sv xard TtoXlav (cf. 77 a 6 8), illae vero, quum per se solae consistant (xcaQLGrd sl6iv), non possunt praedicari de aiiis.

83a.36 At,

ait, fortasse erit qui terminos ex quibus propositiones constent, sive sensu proprio sive per abusum praedicetur alter de altero, inter se converti posse contendat, imde eorum seriem infinitam esse eliciat (cf. 82al5 sqq.) quod cur con:

cedi non possit in sequentibus ostenditur.

Tota argumentatio

autem

satis

detur, quod graeci interpretes loci sententiam

gpexerint.

negligenter scripta est, quod in causk fuisse vinon satis per-

Quum

id

quod praedicatur exprimere debeat

termini propositionis inter
c. si v.

quale

sit

id de quo praedicetur,

A est qualitas rot) B, B non potest esse qualitas rov A., quia, si esset, B qualitatis Vs. 39 alio qualitatem exprimeret, quod ineptum esset. argumento allato neque infinitam dari terminorum seriem qui de aliis praedicentur neque eos converti posse probat. Ostendit enim eorum seriem infinitam esse non posse, aeque si sensu proprio (cog oi)(5ia vs.39) praedicentur, neque si alio modo quocunque. Bene vidit Philoponus orationem esse dvav.6'Kov%ov'. nara quura dixerit ?) ydQ roL cog ovcia xarijyoQ7]&ij6srai, pergere debebat b 10 tj wg jiolov ^ dllag oaadovv.
se converti nequeunt:

nam

Analytica posteriora.

357

83 b3 Exeinplum dat tijs ccvo Sdov^ vs. 4 tijg xcctgj. 83 b 9 ag fxiv df] ... Concludit priorem orationis partem dicens qnare si genus est alterum aiterius, termini ex qiiib\is
propositio constat
tur,

genus

in se ipso ut in

non poterunt converti: nam si converterengenere inesse deberet".

Complectitur quod in ambobus oratioest: consequitur ex iis quae diximus
,

83blO ovds 83bl2 dkka

nis

[irjv...., inteii. dvTixarrjyoQrj^rjGsrai.

dfj

otl...

membris ostensum

non infiuitara esse seriem eonun quae praedicentur nam quae praedicantur aut substantiam exprimunt aut ad aliam categoriam quamcunque referenda sunt: finita sunt autem et quae sing:ulis categ-oriis subiecta sunt (ravra vs. 15) et categoriarum ipsarum numerus finitus est: ra 61 TteTtSQaOfiiva
TceTCfQaG^evdxLS dvdyxt] nsTtSQdv&at, itdvra (82 b 32).

83 b 18 avxh. de aurwv, h. e. ita vero, ut termini converti possint, alterura de aitero praedicari neganius , nisi alter alterius naturam exprimat, h. e. nisi definitionem det alter alterius in definitione enim quod praedicatur aequale esse debet ei de quo praedicatur. 83b24 Aliam lectionem Pliiioponus commemorat (schol. 229 b 13), quae explicationis gratia videtur adscripta esse. Kecepimus illud enim et Boethius et omnes codd. dkXoig pro dlXov Mente intelligendum est vTidQysi^ quod facile eliJiabeut. quod liabuimus vs. 21. dXXov citur e verbo v.aTriyoQzl6%ai correctum videtur propter id quod sequitur xaO^' arepou, sed dlXoig praeferendura videtur etiam propterea, quod pergit Vs. 25 VTcdQxsLV, v.ai aAA' drra , h. e. xt rovrav drra. Vs. 26 o<5a, h. e. roGavrd sQnv o6a. intell. slg dicsiQOV. Vs. 27. Lectionem sxdGrov quum etiara Boetliius liabuerit, inteil. rd sv ttj ovcia sndOrov., h. e. ij retinuimus. ravra
:
: ,

inl t6

dva

686g.
vs.

83b32

ovTog, quera liabuiraus

xarrjyoQelTai nal rovrov dkXo.

ta..., h. c.el ravra,

29,

ei

eGn

ti

ov tcqcot^v

tl

Vs. 33

sl cov

nQorsQa dre. g.

av

7tQ6rsQa drra xarrjyoQsirai, did tov-

xav tav TtQorsQOV narrjyoQov^svcav avrd dTtodsiKVvrai:

si in

syllogisrao .,,JB,

BD

ergo

AD'\ C

propius praedica-

tur

D et arctius cum ipsa eius natura coiiiunctum sit B, ut AD demonstrari et possit et debeat per syllogismum ,,BC, CD ergo BD'\ Apparet inde demonstratiode
quara
.,

nem compositam, qua

ipsae propositiones ex quibus cogatur

358

A alytica posteriora.
liic

novis syllogismis interiectis probentur,

tioni simplici

opponi demonstra-

quae uno syliogismo

quis

perficiatur.

83b34
eam

ovts ^sktiov sx^iv tou ddevai significat quamcunque

animi e^LV qua

sciat

rem melius

intelligere piitet quara qui

per demonstrationem, ut si quis veritatem non per accuratam ratiocinationem se consecuturum putet, sed ipsis sensibus eam percipere yei etiam mentis ocnlis intueri (intellectuelie Anschauung) opinetur. Cf. quae diximus ad 72 a 34. 83b38 lam si vera scientia demonstratione comparari potest, quae necessario vera sit, ut non pendeat ex aliis conditionibus quibuscunque, quae et esse possint et non esse, terminorum medioriun, quibus demonstratio utitur, numerus non
erit infinitus
:

nara

si

esset, et

omnia demonstrari

possent, et,

quia infinitara demonstrationera perficere non liceret, quaedara demonstrari non possent, ut deraonstratio non efficeret

veram scientiam, sed hypotheticam,

li. e. non cogeretur quod demonstratur ex propositionibus certis, sed ex propositionibus quae, quaraquara ipsae deraonstrari deberent, tamen pro

certis suratae essent.

Quid

sit

t6 e^ vTtod^k^scos exposuiid,

mus ad30b33, 32 b 8, 40 b 25. vno^sOig hoc sensu est quod, quamquam per se non ceitura sit, tamen sumitur.
dixit

Sic

76 b 31 tovto
ixi]

(to'

^vvUGd^ai tovs OQOvg)

d'

odx V7t69sIIoc loco

Tttl-

0tg, sl
vs.

xal t6 dnovsiv VTi6%s<5iv tig sivai

tpriGsi.

38 VTi6\fs6ig idera fere est quod significatur verbis 1% rwv, quae praecesserunt. Aliter idera exprirait 782 a 22
xa(>Tor, drjkcoGai trjg ^Sxtodov tijg
TCSiv

vcav 6' VTtaQxovtcov %al dia tivag dvdynag GvujiaivsL tovtcav

vvv

sGtiv.

111 b 17 6ko-

ds
7]

STil

tov TtQOKSi^svov

TiVog Svtog tb 7CQOKSi^Sv6v

0TH/,

ti s0tiv s^ dvdyxrjg si t6 7tQ0Kfi^sv6v sCti.

455 b 26

Ksya

6' f|

VTto^sGscjg tr^v dvdyKrjv (necessitatem aliunde sussl

avtov (pv6iv si, dvdytovtav vnaQx^vtav stSQU VTcdQxsiv. Trdlbg. Log. Untersuchungen II. p. 34 sq. De eadem necessitate loquitur 778 b 16 dcp&aX^abv ^ilv yccQ s^ dpensara), oti
tr]V
,

^aov sCtai s^ov

HTjg tiv'

vjtdQXSiv

avta

dft, xal

vdyxrjg s^si [toiovds yccQ t,^ov vn^KSitai 6v)

toi6vd Ss 6-

(p%aXaov

si,

dvdy/rjg ^sv, cd toiavtrjg d' dvdyxi]g, aAA' dlXov

7]

TQOitov, oti toiovdi

Met.,.z/. c, 5

toiovdi TtOiSiv Ttscpvxs

xcci iidGxsiv.

Quae

de diversis necessarii notionibus disputat vocem magis quam rem iliustrant iis exceptis quae in fine ieguntur 1015 b 10 tav (isv drj etSQOv aXtiov tov dvaynala sivai^ tav

Analytica posteriora.
dh uv^iv, dllh 6ih XKvta stbqcc s^tlv t^ dvdyxrjg.
TCQcarov xal

359

m6rE t6 xvQiwg dvayxalov tb aTtkovv l6tiv' tovto yaQ ovx Ivdix^taL Ttksovaxag sx^tv aGt^ ovds dkXag xat dkkcog' sl dQa fanv dtta didia xat i]dr] yaQ 7tksovaxd)g dv i%oi.
^

dxLvrjta

ov-t^iv

exdvoig EOrl ^iaiov ovbs jiaQa (pvoiv.

sibi

Apdvay-

paret.inde quomodo
Xttlov

oppoiiantur to
iiiud

eh,

VTton^eaecjg

et t6

dnXag dvayxaiov:
est et

enini

aliunde

pendet,

hoc aeternuin
scientia
agit

pcr se solum
didiov

consistit.

Quare ubi de
ta

addit ll:<9b23

aQa

(t6 tTtiOrrjtov)'

ovta dnkag ndvta dtdia, td 6' dtdia dysvrjta jcai d(p%uQta. 337 b 35 tb yaQ h^ dvdyxrjg xal dsi dua' d yaQ iivai dvdyxrj ovx ^^^^ ^^ ^h ^vai' &6r' il iOriv f^ Idem disdvdyxrjg, dtdLOV eati, xal sl dtdi.ov, sh, dvdyxrjg.
yccQ t^ dvdyxrjg

dvdyxr,g ov TtdGiv vndQyu TtUQ&vtai ndvteg ^xibbv Tovg Xoyovg dvdyiiv., ov diikofiSvoL 7to6axd>g ksyirai rb dvayxalov (eosdem repreliendit 789 b 12 6'juoi07^ 6' ioixs rb ksysiv rd

crimen

exponit 639 b 21 t6
Sfioicag.,

6'

it,

xolg xaxd (pvGuv

sig '&

altia s^ dvdyxr^g

xav

sX xig dcd

xb ^axaiQiov oXoito t6 vbcoQ

,

si,ikrikv\rsvai fxovov Torg

vdQomtaOtv

dkk' ov dtd rb vyiai-

VSLV,

ov svixa rb
xb

xolg didioig,
co6nsQ.

usv dnkag vno&sGeag xal xolg sv ysvs6sL nd6LV, ev roig xsxva6rolg., olov oixia xal rcov dkkav orcpovv
{.laxaiQLOv irs^sv). vjtdQXSL ds rb
6' s^

xcov roLOvrav.

dvdyxi] 6s roLdvds rtjv vkrjv vndQ^at,

fi

s6taL

oixia

r)

dkko
,

Tt TfAog*

xal ysvs6&aL ts xal xLvr^d^rjvaL dst tods

sira rods , xat rovrov di] rbv rQonov scpstrjg ^sxQ^ rov rskovg xat ov svsxa yivsraL ixa6rov xa\ 's6rLV. co6ccvdkk' 6 tgonog ttjg rcog 6s xal sv toig (pv6SL yLyvofisvoLg.

nQcbrov

dnodsihog xal

tijg

dvdyxrjg srsQog sni rs

rrjg (pvOL-xrig

xal
lo-

xd>v &iC}Qr]tixG)v snL6tr]fiav. (In seqq.

640 a 8 ad nostrum
(r]

cuni respicere \idetur.)

Necessitas igitur

s^ vnoQ^s6sc3g)

proposito

nitur 642

tb

sh,

quamquam alio sensu liuic ipsi oppoaQa 8v' aiticu avtaL, to &' ov svsxa xal dvdyxr]g' nokkd yaQ yivstaL otL dvdyxr]. L6cog 6' dv
fini inservit,

al

sialv

xig dnoQr]6SLS
xrjg..., s6tL
6'

noiav ksyovQLV dvdyxrjv ol keyovxeg

sv ys totg
'sxov6l

et,

clvdy-

ysvs6iv

ij

XQixrj (reiiquae

duae quae
xalov
t'

sint

iam vidimus)" keyo^isv

yccQ tt]v xQocpr^v

dvay-

ovbsrSQOV rovrav r&v tQonoJV, dkV OTt ovx o^ov dvsv taijrr]g sivaL. roOro 8' s6Ttv coOntQ l^ vno&s6su}g.
Tt xaT'
si

7l7al5

8r]

ndv

rj

cpv6Lg

7]

8La t6 dvayxalov notsl ^ Std

Aiialytica posteriora.
zb ^sXtiov
. . .

776 b 33 edti

d'

ixdetoig toiovtog 6

tav ^a-

6tG)v tOTtog dt' d^cpotSQag tag altlag svExd ts tov (isktlGtov

ysyovag toiovtog xal | dvdyxrjg. Cf. 672 b 34. De tactu 435 b 20 pergit tag d' dXkag alC^fiqGsig sxst tb l&ov, &G7tSQ sXQrjtai^ ov tov slvai svsxa., dkla xov sv. 420 b 19 ly iisv ysvatg dvayxalov (dib xal TiXsioGiv vndQisi), tj d' sq(iTjvsia svsxa tov sv. Kitter Gesch. der Phii. III. p. 169. 200 a 13 s^ vjio&sascog 6r] tb dvayjcalov dkV o{>x (og tslog' kv yuQ tfi vXy tb dvayxaiov, tb 5' ov svsku sv tcj Xoya. Mirum est quod habetur 767 b 14 tb 8s tSQag o6x dvayxalov JtQbg t7}v svsxd tov nal tijv tov rsXovg aitiav dllk aata
lociitiis
,

Cvfi^s^rjxbg dvayxalov.

84al3 xat

olg aitk... Et rem et constructionem explicuimus ad 73a34, hoc solo discrimine, quod. nostro loco accuratius

dicendum

fuisset

xal oig VKdQypvQLV aitolg avtk Iv

rra rt

SGXLV svvjcdQxst.

84al8

oij&^ ag tb... Aiterum oijts in oratione anacolutho omissum est (idem habemus e. g. 1313 b 35), quamqiiam alterum orationis membrum, quod hic deest, adiicitur vs. 25. 84al9 cp {sv ta koyco ta rt s6tL d)]lovvti.) svvJiiJQXSv vndQXOVtL, h. e. quod, quamquam praedicatur de impari, taraen sine ipsa imparis notione definiri non potest. Aliam lectio-

nem
84a21
par

habuisse videtur 3Iagentenus

toiaijta., h. e.

v.

schol. nostra ad h.

i.

I.

p. 51.

xk snl xb adta: nam numerus, quum et quam notio imparis, quae sine numeri notione dcfiniri non potest, notio imparis latius quam id quod sine imparis notione definiri non potest. 84a22 ovd^ STtl xb dva sGtao ansiQa: cuius rei causam ipsis Aristotelis verbis (202 a 19) exprimere licet: ro avtb bidGtrjfia sv TtQbg 8vo otal 8vo TtQbg sv , xal tb dvavtsg xal xb xdtavxsg taijta ykQ %v (isv sOtiv, 6 fiSvtOL loyog o^x ^'S* 84 a 32 Verbis xar' dQxdg aut respicit ad 84 a l aut ad 72 b 6.
sit

et impar, latius patet

'

Magentenus habuit zat tkg dgxdg, in aliis xar' dQxdg. Nostram lectionem Boethius
firmant.

libris reperit

xal

et vet. intp.

con-

84a36 ta ykQ
sitio

svtbg S(i^dXXs69aL...

AB,
J5

debebit praedicari

de

Ut demonstretur propoC et C de B, non A

de

J5 et

de C.

Analytica posteriora.
Cap. 23.

361

de D, non conseA et de C et de D praedicetur. 19 Si datur aliquid medium, propter quod A de B vel praedicatur vel negatur demonstrationem admittit
praedicatur
esse.,

Si

et

de

et

quitur

commune

aliquid

propter quod

propositio AB.

Sunt propositiones et affirmantes et fiegantes, quarum termini non coniungtmtur per alium. 31 Quem lo-

cum occupare debeat terminus

positione affirmante et
nitur.
(<S5a.'i)

qui connectat reliquos in proin propositione ?tegante^' e.vpo-

84 b

3 Si

praedicatur de omni

et
/^,

de omni JJ ,

vero ne-

gatiir sive

C
si

et

et de de Z? praedicatur non ntique eadem esse debebit. Nam eadem utique esset, liaec ipsa causa exprimi posset ter-

de orani sive de aliquo

causa ob quara

mino raedio (^), per quem et yl cum C ei A cura D ad proaffirmantem coniungendum esse demonstraretur, xit exstarent duo syiiogismi.,/^Z?, 56', er^o AC\ et ^^5, BD., ergo AD' alius igitur daretur terminus {B), qui et de C et de D praedicaretur, cuius rei hoc est enim quod ab initio sumsimus communis inveniri posset causa, quae etiam alio termino medio exprimeretur et sic porro terminorum mediorura igitur numerus infinitus esse deberet, quod absurdum esse demonstraviraus. Brevius idem demonstrari poterat sic: jtata zotvov tl VTtccQXBiv ovx dvccyxrj dsl rb avro TtkELOCLV O ^BV yCiQ XaTCC tX VJiaQXEt, OV TTQCOTCOg VTCaQXH., dXk' djtodsLxrov loriv . Itch 6' oi% 'ev evl aBL dvdyKr] xarcc zl vjcdQxsLV dXka xaO"' avxo xal TCQCorcog ovds ravrh nkuoCur vs. 11 Blck. scribendum putaverit y.al ra z/ 6lv.
positionem
'.

melioribus codd. invitis,

non video.
ex
iis

quum 82a29 dederit toi) A xal Z, Articulum omittendum esse faciie milii persuasi quae collegi ad 3a2l et ad 26b32.
liabuit

84b

14

Magentenus

^sGa

8La6rij[iata,

quod etiam

in

non,

nullis nostrorura codicura reperitur, ut sensus sit stcsltibq

ei

xata xotvov tc del VTtdQiBiv tb avtb JtlstoOLV, del av Tjv fiecjov tcvcc oqov lu^dXXeLV, OTtSQ ddvvarov. Quo quidem sensu tempus futurum saepius ponitur ab Aristotele,
dvdyKr]

sed quum deesset dsL, praetulimus lectionem d^eaa., quam etiam Boetliius et vet. intp. habuerunt, de qua dubitari non posset, si pro e6raL scriptum exstaret eGriv.

84b 15

fx

tav a-drav dro^av,

h. e. ax

T^g avtr^g GvOtOLxiag

S62
s.

Analytica postcriora.
Ix

Twv

dro^cov, S xarcc rb ytvog raTLird lcriv.

.

Vs. 11

o^ "yaQ

7}v ..

V. c. T.

84b21
302 a

6roi%Bla, de quibtis v.
1.5

fOTOJ 6r;
,

fiara dtatpEiTaj,

quae diximiis ad 14a.39. De coel. GtoiXHov rav aco^dtav^ eig o ralka 6g>ivvnaQiov dvvd^el rj hvEQyua rovro yaQ
'

norBQOjg

^rv
'

d^cpiG^ijri^Oi^ov.

avrb

6'

ioxlv ddiaiQsrov sig

ersQa ra sYSsi

roiovrov yaQ n ro aroixslov dnavrsg nal sv dnaai ^ovXovrai ksysiv. 1014 a 26 6roixsiov ksysrav s^ ov 6vyxsi-

rai TiQarov svvTcdQiovtog, ddiaiQsrov

sXdsi sig

srsQov

sl-

o^oiag dh xai ra rav Ccofidrav 6roixsla ksyov6iv ot ksyovrsg, sig cl -diaiQslrai rd 6(a(iara s6xara sxslva ds [ir]xst' sig dXka Sidsi SiacpSQOvra. Quare dicit 410 a 21 ddvvarov l'K rav rov no6ov 6roixsl(ov ov6iav sivai xal fii] no66v: opdog
.

ponitnr eniin ^roi^stov aQx^ siciit vkr] (rb vnoxsi^svov) sidsi 1041 b 31 6roixsLov 6' s6rlv sig o diaiQslrai svvnuQXOv
,

(og vXtjv,

olov T^g 6vXka(iijg rb a xal t6

/3.

37 b 10 rstzaQa

did)Qi6rat tCina

rav

6roixsicov.,

rovtcav ds xard rdg 6v^vyiag

,

xal rd 6roixsla rsrraQa 6v^^s^7]xsv sivai

noirjnxd, rb d^SQfibv xai rb
xl^vxQov.,

av rd ^sv dvo

rd ds dvo na%r]tiKd, rb ^i]Qbv xal rb vyQov. In Topicis 6roixsia vocat quae alio noraine TO^rovg appeliat, universa quaedam arguraenta, ex

quadam specie aiiquid vel probetur vel 120bl3, I2lbll, 128a22, 143al3, I51bl8, 172b2l et 31, 174^21. Elementa artis disserendi in his vocantur, quae, si nobis in promtu siiit, ansam nobis praebeant ad causam nostrara rite defendendam, sive quae nobis viam monstrent qua procedendura sit in disputatione. Eundem fere sensura etiam habet 1309 b 16 xat rb nokkdmg slquibus cnra veritatis
v.

refeilatur.

QTj^svov ftsyi6rov 6toixsiOv

tb rrjQslv oncog xQslrrov S6rav

^tj
,

t6 ^ovXo^svov rrjv nohrsiav nk^^^og tov

84 b 23 aAA'

rj

snl rdg dQxdg 68bg avrrj s6riv

ij8rj

intell.

^ovXo^svov. nQo^s'r}

rdg nQord^Sig cov ^rjxsti s6ri ^s6ov, h. e. sn' avrdg rdg dQxdg nQo^sfii^xaixsv. Quare bene Biese I. p. 265 sobaId eine neue Yerraittelung nicht weiter moglich ist, so ist der Wcg zu den Principien gewonnen". Vs. 25
^r]x6tsg svQT^nayiSv

vnaQxsi

Ty B.

rovro vndQxsc Vs. 26 codices secuti dediraus dQX'^-, quod Branintell.

t6

olov

r&

J^,

xal

ei

disius (Variet. lect. Aristot.) mutari vult in dQxai: quara qui-

dera

lectionem Boethius
etiara

et

Philoponus videntur
praebent.

habuisse.

Eandem

edd. Bas.

et Pac.

Nobis quidem

Analytica posteriora.
servata lectione qiiam codices ad

363
exhibent, ios6tL
ccQXij

unum omnes
si

cus sic videtui' intelUgendus

esse:

ds

fxt]

rt
i]dr]

^sOov
avrr]

Tov
^

jtal Toi)

B,

ov-/,
(rj

Igxlv dTtodsc^ig, aAA'

TtQotaolg sGtiv

AB

intell.) s. aAA' svQt])iausv ^dt]

(cf.

avt)]V

quae modo diximus ad v. 2-1). Si sensum turbare videtur: nam orationis membra quae opponuntur non recte sibi respons e d tot sunt principia quot dent non datur demonstratio Praeterea notandum est, quod Gtoix^ia liic terterraini". minos appellat. dum vs. 22 ipsas propositiones inteili^at. 84b.^i xal ovtcog... lam liabcmus syllogismum .,y;/C, CB, ergo CB" , cuius propositio minor est ccnsGog (\s. 32) : quare ut demonstratio perficiatur per novum terminum mediura (/?), probari debebit maior lioc modo: ^/>, JJC, ergo AC et sic porro: numquam igitur novus terminus raedius qui assumitur
rt]v

T^s aTiodti^Bcog dQXt]V

legitur dlK^ aQxcci, particuia dkkd

extra terminum

poni poterit

(cf.

84a36),
et

ut

intervallum

quod relictum

sit

inter terminos

constipatis terminis

mediis sensim expleatur, ^donec perveniamus ad id (e. ^. i^, de quo primo praedicetur ^, quorura terrainorura (.4F) coniunctio, qmun tara arcta sit, ut novo termino medio interposito alter ab altero separari nequeat, ab Aristotele vocatur To dSiaiQStov (vs. 3.7), quam quidem vocem non satis intelligens Biese de terminis A ei B interpretatus est: dicit enim I. p. 265 ..bis endlich kein neues Mittelglied mehr zwischen ihnen (den aufsersten Begriffsmoraenten) mog:licli ist

und beide somit eine untheilbare Einheit

de
85 a
I

bilden".

\. Trdlbff.

an. p. 174.

lTCi6ti]ut]

e. sv ds r^ djtodsixtix'^ ovovg. Cf. 100 b 12 et quaeibi diximus. Vs.S sv&a Pro 6 dsl fxt] vitdQxsiv , quibus (isv, h. e. in priraa figura. verbis significatur id quod in conclusione praedicatur, accu-

iv 6' dTcodsi^Si xal smGf^fit], h.

ratius dixisset o dsl ^i]

est negans.

VTtaQXSiv:
e.

nam
co6ts

conclusio

syllogisrai

Vs. 7 ovtcig, h.

la}i(idvs6d^ai

fisGov
6sih,ai

OQOV ovx

s't,co

nijttovta rov iiSit,ovog ccxqov TtQog tb

riiv 6TSQr]tixrjv itQOtaGiV.

|1.V

85 a 7 shv 8s dstj ... Ut in secunda figura per novum termimim mediura probetur propositio negans e. g. sl deraonstravimus C de orani /> et de nuUo vel non de orani E. ergo de nullo vel non omni /4'. ut probetur propositio negans

huius syllogismi

sic

ratiocinabimur

de omni

C et de

nullo

3()4

Analytica posteriora.
non de omni

de nuUo vel non de omni E: producimus, ut ad probandam propositionem ncgantem novum syllogismum exstruamus, termiuo in lioc syllogismo non uti non poterimus {rov oi5dsjiOT' '|g) ntGElraL vs. 9). Terminus autem erat is de quo negabatur D in syliogismo prirao {gj ov dtl vtkxqxblv).
vel

E,

ergo

quam demonstrationera

si ita

85al0

Deniqiie in.tertia figura si cogitur de non omni et B de orani C, ergo u4 de non omni -B, ut per novum syllogisraum deraonstretur propositio negans, hic syllogismus faciendus erit : A de non omni /> et C de omni />, ergo de non omni C: qua in demonstratione si pergitur, terminus (qui in prima conclusione praedicatur, o dsi 6tQ^6ac) semper raa-

nebit et praedicabitur in oranibus syilogisrais, quura vero

(subiectura 'priraae conclusionis
et
,

B
C

dq)'

ov

dEi

6teQr]6aL) de

C
,

diis

de 1) praedicetur, praedicabitur etiam de omnibus meterminis qui assumantur: quare quanticunque assumunterminis

tur

et

ut

certis

finibus

circurascripti

erunt

oranes.

Cap. 24. Be quibus rebus in sequentibus agatur. 20 Demonstratio particularis (jquae pertinet ad xa dtofia) universali praestare videtur ^ tum quia ad singula quae cognoscere vult propius accedit^ 31 tum quia ab errore^ qtio notiones universa-

per se solas consistere opinamur, animu?n abducit. 64 Ulrumque refutatur. 23 Praestat universulis, primum quia veras rerufn caicsas sola cogjioscit^ 21 tum quia non per aliud, sed per se vera est , 86 a 3 tum quia a singularum rerum injifiitate
les

quam maxime
cipiis

est aliena^

ex
1

quibi/s

13 deinde quia piopius abest a prindemonstrari debet, 22 denique quia ^iditiculaOratio dvaxolovd^og est:

rern complectitur.

85a2l

yaQ...

namque

prius ora-

tionis raerabrum,

quum
,

longius factura esset, ut in raemoriam

bI dt]. ..

nobis revocaretur
(vs.

de integro exorsus esset verbis

in

28

sq.).

Idem etiam

sequentibus accidit
1.

nam quod
vitdQXSiV

inceptum

est vs. 31, id rcpctitur b

85a26
8l'

rj

8s

xaO^oXov STiLdsUvvdL Q-dtSQov d^atsQcp

8l'

dXXo ov Ycag sxSL tdg

avto,

olov

otl

to idodKsXss dvolv dQdats

ycoviag.,

85a37

lustos

deraonstrandi fines non servant,

ov^ otL lcoOKsXsg dkX" otL xQiyavov. sed ultra eos

progredi videntur qui \iniversali demonstratione utuntur (jiQoC-

Anaijtica posteriora.
6vtsg 8LiCvvov6iv) item
dvccXoyov: nara
si

305
sy.

atqne

ii

qui ratiocinantur

tov

quid probaverunt de linea,

numero

et cor-

pore, idem valere dicunt de omnibus quae his sint similia, qiiamquam practer lincam. numerum et corpus, quae in demonstratione nominaverunt. revera nihii exsistat, in quod haec demonstratio conveniat: latius iusto igitur demonstra-

tionem extendunt.
utuntur

Sic

etiam

qui universali argumentatione

sic ratiocinantur ac si res

imiversales a singulis di-

versae et separatae exsistant.

85 b 4

hoc ioco nniverso cf. C. Heyder, Krit. Darst. der Hegelschen Dialektik I. p. 188 sqq. c. nott. At nonne primum quidem altera ratio, qua scientiam particularem universaU potiorem esse probavimus (a20 31), non minus convenit ei quod imiversale est quam ei quod de parte est, ut eodem argumento scientiam particularem potiorem esse demonstrare liceaf? (De particula -^ v. quae diximus ad 66al quare non opusest emendatione quam probavit Brandisius (VaArist. u.

Cum

riet. lect. Aristot.),

qui pro

rj

Ttgatov scribi vuit

'xal

Tcgatov).

Namque quum

ta xa&^' avta VTtdgfflvta , si trianguhun duos rectos ang^ulos habet non quatenus aequilaterura est, sed quatenus trianguhim, is qui trianguhim duos rectos habere ex ipsius trianguli natura demonstravit, hoc meUus scit et rectius quam qui ex eo quod aequiiaterum est. Nam si quis (vs. 8) de triangulo aliquid demonstravit quod cm natura trianguli non coniunctimi est, non demonstravit si vero coniunctum est cum natura trianguli, optime semper scit qui e vero rei principio demonstra;

scientia cognoscere debeat

vit,

h. e. ex

ipsa natura trianguli.

Quare etiam
notio
,

si

(vs. 10)

notio

trianguU latius patet

quam

aequilateri,
ut nihil

eadem
ambigui

\itique universali trianguli notione utentes

in ea insit,

triangulum non quatenus aequilaterum

aequilaterum quatenus
cte

demonstrabimus.

sit

sit, sed triangulum, duos rectos haberc re-

Ys. 14

delevimus tb quod neque

si

codd. nequc edd. agnoscunt.

85bl5 Deinde
primimt et

notiones imiversales,
alius

si

earum

est usus

quam

imitatcm quandam exut orationem am-

biguam
illae

quum singula quae illis subiccta sint pereant, corrumpantur, etiam rectius ipsae exsistere dicentur quam tk dtofia.
faciant,

vero non

Analytica posteriora.

85bl8 Denique

erioris,

quo notiones

iiniversales per se solas

,

consistere opinamur,
In eo qui iliam

causa non in demonstratione est

sed

male intellexit {dxovav^ de quo verbo Biese conferre iubet Wyttenb. animadvss. in Morai. Tom. I. p. 303 sq.)
:

demonstratio ipsa rainime postulat, ut notiones universales pro rebus capiantur quae per se consistant et xgjqi-

nam

6xa sint. 85 b 25 xovxo adxb avxa aXxiov , intell. xov vndQ%Hv avxa xa xa^' ai5r6 vTtaQiovxa. 85b29 oxav firj -^ xovto yLVO^EVov rj ov oxi xi aXlo ysvTjxai,
dXk' oxi ai)x6 (h. e. oxav (i^
ji

dc'

dlXo

(irjd'

d?dov cVcxa,
dXlo

dXkd

8i'

avxo).
(irjxsxL di'

85b32
sCxlv

xal oOrwg lovxfg, oxav xi Xd^cjfiev b

fiTjd'

dkhw

evBza, did xovxo

85b36

hvxcog,

h. e. i la^isv

xb

{ii^nsxi,
:

di'

dXXo yivoiiivov.
esse

Vs. 37 particula dQa melius abesset

quam quidem

negligen-

tiam Aristotelis

stilo

valde

familiarem

docuimus ad
6Q%aig Xoag

n bl
85 b 39

et ad

52bl9.
l6o(3%BXtg xtxxaQCiv
d'

Xsintxai did xi xb
B^ia

IXH xdg

yaviag, xovxo

e6xiv oxi xQiyavov.

86 a 4 Scientia particularis singulas res, quae sensibus subiectae sunt, cognoscere studet: hae vero quum injRnitae sint, scientiam non admittunt, sed sciri non possunt, nisi quatenus certis quibusdam finibus, quos notiones universales constituunt, circumscribuntur et comprehenduntur. Vs. 5 ad sGxi 8' inteil. xd xaxd /xeQog s. xd dxofia. 86 a 9 dfia yaQ fidXkov xd 7CQ6g xi. Quum aTCodei^ig et dnodsixxbv sint xav 7tQ6g xi et gradum admittant (cf. 6 b 20), simul et augentur et minuuntur: quare quod dicit hoc est:

xav nQog
jial

xl si Q^dxsQOV fidXkov Xsysxai xal d^dxsQov dfia Xh,

ysxai fidXXov

&6x'

si

fidXXov dnodsixxd s6xc xd xa96Xov,

rj

fiaXXov dn68sih,ig s6xai

sxi

x&v

itad^6Xov dn68si^ig.

86al() Pro

dedimus 'sxi si quod et Boethii versio et optt. codd. habent. Deletum videtur ft, ne oratio esset dvaaoXov&og. Sed quum eadem anacoluthia occurrat 85a21 et 31,b23
et 35(cf.

quae diximus advs. 3t), 86a38, b30

al.,

illud servan-

dum
mile

duximus.
est

Haud parvam

Aristotelis in scribendo negli-

gentiam prodit,
eius

quod argumentum quod hic affert tam siquod exponit vs. 24 sqq. , ut separari ab eo

non debuerit.

Analytica posteriora.

367
,

86al4 Qiuim demonstratio

ipsa

incipere debeat a propositione qnae

demonstrari nequeat, id qnod a vero demonstrationis

principio propius abest raeliorem efficitdcmonstrationem

qnam

quod iongius abest: quare, quum principium ipsum maxime imiversale esse debeat, demonstratio quae fit ex propositionibus universalibus praestabit ei quae fit ex particularibus. 86a24 TigoTBQav nQota^tv inteiligit maiorem propositionem syllogismi affirraantis, vGzsQav eam quaecunque ilia continetur, h. e. et conclusionem et propositionem minorem. A xqL-

yavov
viag.

iaoGxEUs,

t6 dvolv dQ&alg

L<Sag

exhv tag ya(v.

86

29 Propositionem universalem mente intuemur

,

quae di-

cemus ad 100 b 12)

particularis vero a

sensunm perceptione

originem habet {xikivta).

Cap. 2j.
ribus opus est

Demonstratio quae propositionem afjirmantem

cogit praestat ei qiiae

negantem

colligit^

quam

in hac, b 10

tum quia in illa plutum quia propositio negans,

non indi-

ut demonstretur^ affirmante indiget. affir^nans negante

get., 'M)

est

et

guia

deinde quia propositio affirmans, qua allera^iititur^ potior prior negante., quae principium est alterius, .37 denique affirmatio ad principii naturam propius accedit quam

negatio.

86a33 Demonstratio
ei

brevior per se spectata praeferenda est quae fit per ambages, si utraque conficitur ex propositionibus aeque manifestis. Nam si et tribus mediis terrainis {BFzl) et duobus interpositis (ZH) demonstrari potest, propositio (b 2) in priore demonstratione aeque manifesta nam utraque est atque conchisio alterius demonstrationis

AE

AA

colligitur

duobus terminis mediis

potest

interiectis.

Quoniam autem

zJE, id vero ex qno probetur (Azt) etiam raagis constare debeat quam quod per tres terprobetnr (AE), consequitur conchisionem minos medios demonstratam minns certam esse quam propositio AA: imde apparet conclusionem AE per duos mecogi

AE

ex propositionibus

AA

et

AE

dios
tres

terrainos

dcraonstratara certiorem

esse,

quam
(b7)

si

per

demonstretnr.

Colhgit inde

Aristoteies

strationem
et conchisio

quae

propositionem

affirmantem

demoncogat, quum

negans et affirmans (dfiCpOTEQai) e binis propositionibus cogi debeat , potiorem esse ea quae negantem faciat

conchisionem ,

quia haec nihil ponat nisi

qnod

affirmet,

368
illa

Analytica posteriora.
vero et affivraantem et negantem propositionem habere Qiiam qiiidem arguraentationem stare non posse fa-

debeat.
cile

apparet: nara quum in iis quae antecesserunt non nisi de nuraero propositionum iocutus sit, de diversa earum qualitate cur idem valeat, certe non per se intelligitur. 86a34 Quid differant aLrrjfia, -yjrd&aGtg, TCQotttGis ex iis apparebit quae diximus ad 64b28, 40b25, 24al6. 86a.'n llatio, inquit, eius quod modo diximus, si rem universam spectamus, sic se habet. Omnibus codd. invitis dedimus code^ quod Boetli. et vet. intp. habuerunt. Eandem iectionem, quae etiam Brandisio probatur (v. Variet. lect. Aristot.), iam exhibuerunt edd. Basii. , Paris., Sylb. , Casaub. Quem sensum praebeat lectio Bkki, equidem non video, lectio vulgaris vero o8s alienae correctionis speciem habet.

86 b 2 Restituimus
gitat,

drj

pro 8h ex codd. np

quibuscum consen-

tiunt Boetli. et vet. intp.

Hoc enim

sensus totius loci flah.

86 b 6 rav
6/iotcog

quem modo exposuiraus. d?^Xcov rav airav vitaQxovreov

Ad vs. 1 8id te yvoQifiav ovrcov iv dyLrporSQaig. OQCOV ... cf. quae diximus ad 44 b 6 et I. p. 372 extr.
86 b 12
rijv fiev 8(1

e.

tcov ^sGcov

GreQrjnmjv elvai, xriv 8e %aracparL%'^v.

amplificatur eo,

86bl3

Si demonstratio

quod propositiones ex
propositiones syl-

quii)us facta est ipsac aliunde

logisrai affirmantis
,

probantur,

dum

ipsae affirmantes esse debeant,

non

demonstrantur nisi ex affirmantibus, quamquam aliter res se habet in syllogisrao negante. Nara e. g. si propositiones A de nuUo i5 et de omni C, ex quibus cogitur de nullo et C, probantur terminis mediis interiectis A de nuilo D, D de orani ff, ergo A de nulio B\ B de orani j&, de orani C, ergo B de orani C propositiones affirraantes (vs. 13 illius syllogisrai propositiones nout oranes 15), vis syilogismis confectis probentur plures accedunt {DB., BE, -^C), negans semper una (AD). Eadem ratio obtinebit (vs. 23), si in quacunque aiia figura syllogismus negans fiat. Itera enim in his, quum altcram propositionem habere

A E

debeant affirmantem, alteram negantem, propositio affirmans demonstrabitur (vs. 24) per syllogismura , cuius medius terminus cum arabobus reliquis coniunctus propositiones affirraantes faciat, propositio negans vero per syllogismiim, cuius altera propositio sola negans
sit
,

ut

si

propositiones syllo-

Analytica posteriora.

369

gismi negantis cuiusciinque demonstrentur, una propositio ne" gans et tres affinnantes assiiniendae sint. Quare propositio
ncffans ut demonstretur, indiget alfirmante (quod

parum acvs. 38),

curate Aristoteies dixit verbis

dta
rrjg xatrjyoQLxijg vs. 28.

deLXVvzat

6'

t^

(xsv (jrsQTjtiicr]

Accuratius idem expressit

affirmans ne^ante non indiget.

86 b 22
deat

ij

to

A^.

Ne

quis

delendum putet articulum to ,

vi-

quae collegimus ad ;)4a8 coll. 87a24. Uncinis haec verba circumdedimus, quippe qiiae absint a versione Boethii,
vet. intp. lat. et edd. nonnullis.

86 b 30 dQii^v 0vV.oyL6^ov
[iSi: iila

liic

appeiiat propositionem jrpoTEpav

'd](^o^sv dvvdconciusionem et minorem complectitur. conclusio vero eandem semper qualitatem habere debet quam ipsa.

(a 24), 7]v 6;^oT^Tfg XGf^isv Ticjg

xt tr/V vOtSQav xal

enim

et

Cap. 26.
iiitersit

inter

demo7istratio?iem

Kxemplo proposito discrimen declaratur quod qiiae recta procedat et eam

tionis

quae ad absurdum deducat. 11 Ex ipsa utriusque demonstranatura rectam potiorem esse ostendittir.
si

87 a 7

8soi...

lam
sit
,

si

servatis iisdem terminis propositio

ma-

ior syilogismi

quemmodo

liabuimus per deductionem ad absur-

dum probanda
co^itur

de C, quod

sumamus A Ag, si absurdum

sit

et

B
Vit

Ae,

praedicari,

esse aliunde cognovimus,

altera liuius syllogismi propositio falsa est: quare

sit

quum vera

BC,

relinquitur ut faisa sumta

praedicari de B.
v.

non (De deductione ad absnrdum quae dicitur

AB.,

appareat
sqq.)

quae habuimus 41a3l

234 b 12

coll.

45aextr.,

6lal9
ut

Diffi-

cultates quas in liac argumentatione invenerunt veteres intpp.

(v. scliol.

24)
A

Philop. Si

ita

solvit,

dicat Aristosyilo-

telem
aliqiio

lioc

modo
si

ratiocinari.

non datur conciusio

erit propositio

gismi praecedentis

de nullo C, vera

A
B

de

de de aliquo B quod quum repugnet iis quae ab initio sumsimus , vera esse non poterit propositio de nullo B. At hunc sensum nullo modo extorqueri posse ex iis quae dicit Aristoteles facile intelligitur: imo Aristotelis verba tam clara sunt, ut nullam aliam interpretationem admittant quam eam quam modo dedimus. Difficidtates autem, qiias interpretes in his inconiungitur
altera propositione
.,

C, quae

cum

onmi

C, cogitur in tertia figura

venire sibi videbantur, facile tolluntur co, quod

II.

ille

hoc loco

24

370 non
id agit, ut

Analytica postcrinrH.

quae recte et qiiae non recte demonstrentur absnrdum cxponat, sed ut discrimen declaret qiiod sit intcr deinonstrationem quae recta procedat et deductionem ad absurdum: quod ut appareat, non curat ut quod cogatur verum sit, sed ut via et ratio qua utraque Diilicuitatum procedat ag sv xvnco sitcsIv fiat conspicua.
dediictione lacta ad
igitur, in

quibns haesenmt interpretes,

ipsi

fuerunt auctores,

non

Aristoteies.

87al2 Termini igitur, quibus utraque ratiocinatio utitur, iidem sunt, dilierunt in propositione negante quae probatur: nam deductio demonstrat propositionem ^fl, recta demonQuare quum id quod minus raastratio propositionem ^C.
nitestum
cienda
sit et

dilficilius

intelligatur probari
sit

semper debeat

ex eo quod magis perspicuum

et manifestum, deductio fa-

est, si conciusio syllogismi

si

^C facilius
propositio

intelligitur

quam

AB^

rectus vero syilogismus,

quam yiC. Unde nem rectam potiorem esse: nam quia ^C coliigitur ex AB et BC^ propositio ^B (t6 i^ ov xb OvfiTtegaG^a vs. 20) magis manifesta esse debet quam conclusio ^C. 87al9 Demonstrationis rectae, ait, conclusio erat^C, ^Z? vero propositio qua cQniuncta cum propositione BC provenire debebat conciusio. lam vero quum per deductionem ad absurdum propositionem ^B negantem esse debere non continuo
festa est et aperta

magis maniapparet dcmonstratio-

^B

cogatur, deductio, quippe quae per

erit

ambages

lianc enim non expressam Aristotelem in raente liabuisse patet ex iis quae sequuntur naraque si quid redarguitnr, non fit continua conclusio quae faisum esse doceat quod redarguatur (ot) xovro 6v^n&Qa6^d fOTiv vs. 21, h. e. ov xovx' avxb o di dvaiQELOd^ai (iij iivai Gv yiiii Qaiv tr ai quod bene expressit Biese I. p. 2T0 extr. wenn etvvas zu widerlegen ist,
(cf.

demonstrationi rectae
etsi

81a37

b9)

cogat, postponenda

sententiam

80 folgt das Gegentlieii niclit sogleich in

ses"),

form eines Schlussed cogitur absurdum esse aiiquid eorum quae pro veris surata sint et ex quibus collectum sit id quod redar(iycilva &\ s^ cov, h. e.

guatur

BKBivav ds xi, l^ cov 6vv7tut intelligi nequeat: nara

ex quibus syllogismus con-

gdvQ'!] 8 dsl dvaiQSiQ^ai, 6v^7tSQa6^tt yivxai).

8Ta22 Locum

ita

distinxit

Bl<kus

comma
tendum.

aut

ponendum

erat post CvXkoyiG^os ^"t piane omitest.

Sententia plana

Ea

Analytica posteriora.
ficitiir lianc

371
altenim altero con-

rationem liabere debent,

iit

tineatur,

sicut pars toto,

:

quod non

ita

habet in deductione

ad absurdum
(vs. 9).

liaec enira propositionem

AB

affirmantem

sii-

mit, propositionem

AC

vero affirmantem

esse posse

negat

Cap. 27.

Alia doctrina alia subtilior

est et aecuratior.

De diversa doctrinarum siibtilitate diximus ad 78b32, cum cf. Piat. Piiileb. 55 E.

87 a 32
tTCiGf^fir] fiia

quibus-

ov6a xal rj avrrj Toi) oti xal dLOtL dxQLtov diori, [lovov, dXXa ^rj x^Q'^? ovtog toi) OTt (1j. e. dkX' odx i] tov oTt ^ovov ov6a ini.Grriiiri) dxQL^sCrsQa lorl T^g rov diorL. 87a34 rrjg sx TiQOGdeGscog., cf. quae diximus ad 81 b 3. 87a36 ovGla dd^srog., cf. quae diximus ad 5al5. Procl. in Eucl. Eiem. iib. II. d^trog iq novag cog diiXog nal Tiavrbg h^co d^adrij^arog xal rov nov.
^eGrsQa larl
rijg

Cap. 28.
pojiitur.

Quid scientiam faciat unam., quid

diversas.,

ex-

Quaecunque demonstrantur ex
pertinent
principia

principiis

quae ad \inum genus

unam

discipiinam constituunt, diversae sunt

quarum
ita

neque ex communi quodam fonte fluunt neque

comparata sunt, ut altera ex alteris derivari possint: nanique principia (b 2) , quae ipsa non demonstrantur , eodem genere contineri debent atque ea quae ex iis demonstrantur, quoniam omnia (b4) quae ex iis deraonstrantur eidem generi subiecta esse debent.

Cap. 29.

mini medii
versis.

et

Idem pluribus modis demonstrari potest., ut terex eodem genere desumti esse possint et e digenere

87 b 7 Si
nique

inest in

in

genere

et z/ in

F, d-

J""

in

rainum

per

F r et A
si

demonstrari poterit et per ter^, propositio vel Z solum, et solum vel etiam per terminum

AB
sic

coniunctos et

porro.

87bI5

dvdyxT] yaQ ...

.^

Si praedicatur
,

de

et

de By

deinde

de If et /f de B

consequitur ex propositionibus

AB

et

HB A

praedicari de aliquo if ,

quare z/ de aliqua

parte eius termini (JS) praedicabitur de quo praedicatur H. 24 *

372
Sic

Analytica posteriora.
certe argiimentatus

videtur Aristoteles,

quamquam

vix

intelligo

quomodo

acciderit, ut

81bl6

iJii6x.i^)a6%aL 81... cf.

hoc falsum esse non viderit. quae diximus ad 48a2I.

Cap. 30.
entia.

Eorum quae

in casa posita sunt

non datur

sci-

Cum

iis

quae

lioc loco dicit cf.

quae habuimus .32blT

y.al
i]

^22

et

quae 8Tb 19

ibi

diximus.

l)e

rvxy

v.

195 b.31 ksysrac Sh

,

rvyri

ical

rb ai-

r6\iaxov

rav airiav
^''^ '^b

jcal

TCoXka xal dvai %at

yivBG^^ai dia

rvxW
T

'*"'

avroiiarov.

196 b 21 Edzi
ysvrjrai.,

6'

avsKa rov oGa

0.710

Siuvoiag av JtQax^sirj xal o6a dno

q)v6s(X)S-

ra

8rj
si,-

roiavra orav nara 6v^^s[irjx6g

vai

dnb

rvxrjS <pafisv

rb fisv ovv
Toi)

6v}i^s^r]xbg

ov&sv

xa-Q'' avrb aXrtov (OQtO^svov, rb 8s aara doQtOrov (1025 a 24 ovSs brj atrtov C0Qt6^svov 6v^u^s^r]}i6rog dkka rb rv^ov Toi;ro 6' d6Qi6rov).

197 a 13

s6riv

aXrtov

ag 6v^^s^r]Kbg

rj

rvx,r].,

ag

6'

ajrAwg

^sv atnog, aara 6v[i^s^i]'jibg 8s a{)Xr]rr]g. 1065 a 25 rb 8' otux dvayxalov dXX' doQt^rov, Xsyc) 8s t6 xara 6v^^si3r]x6g' roii roiovxov 6' dtaxra xa\ dnsiQa ra atria. rb 8s svsxd rov sv rotg q)v6Si ytyvo^svotg
ovSsvog., otov olxiag olxo86ixog
))

dnb Siavoiag

s6riv.

rv%r]

8'

s6rli>

orav

rt

tovtqv
(j.sv

ysvrjxad''

rai xara 6v^u(is(ir]x6g.

co6nsQ

yccQ

xat 6v s6ri rb

avrb t6 8s xara 6vfx^s(ir]x6g., ovrc) xal atrtov. rj rvxr] 8' alrtov xara 6v^^s^r]xbg sv roig xara nQ0aiQS6tv svsxd rov
ytyvo^svotg.
8ib

nsQt ra^irb rvx^

^ocl

btdvota'

TtQoaiQSOtg

dv ysdnb Ti;;if}^g' 8ib dbrjkog dv&Qcciniva Xoyt6[ia xcA aYrtov xard 6v^s^r]x6g, dnX&g 8' ov&sv6g. 197 a 18 xal t6 (pdvat sivat n naQdXoyov rr]v rv^r^v dQ^ag' 6 yccQ X6yog ^ rav dsi ovrcav ) rav c5g snt t6 noXv , iq 8s rvxr] sv rotg
yccQ ot) ^copij 8tavoiag.

rd

6'

ama

dbQtora

dcp' cov

votro rd

yiyvo^svotg TCaQa ravra.

Ib.

36 btacpsQSi

6'

6'rt

r6 avr6(ia-

tov snl TtXsiov s6ri' t6 ^sv yaQ dnb rvxr]g ndv dnb raitoIb. b20 cpavsQbv on sv fidrov., roijro 8' ov nav dnb rvxr]g. rotg dnXcbg svsxd rov ytvofisvotg brav fir] rov 6v{i^dvtog svsxa ysvr]rai ov 's^co rb ccinov rors a:;r6 rai5ro{idrov Xsyo, ,

TtQoatQsrcov Totg sxov6i TtQoaiQsOtv.

.,

fisv dnb rvxy]g 8s rovtcav o6a dnb ravtofidrov ytvstai rcov Ib. 31 dnb roij a^drofid-

rov aQa xarsnsOsv 6 Xi&og bn ns60i dv vn6 rtvog xal rov nard^ai svexu. Cf. 333 b 7. 1323 b 28 tav fisv yaQ sxtbg dya-

Analytica posteriora.

373

t^vxrjg aitiov ravrofiatov xal rj rvp], dr/tcaog d' o^de dwcppcov cctco rvxvs ovde dtcc rijv rvxw ^^tiv. 701 b 2 et 10 avro^iara ea suiit quae etiain nos eodem norfjg

^av

ovdslg

niine significamus.

Cap. 31.

Sensmim perceptio non

efficit sctentiam.,

88 b 9

quamquam
sibus.

aunt quae nesciuntur, quia non percipiutilur sen-

Cf. cura lioc cap. quae disputat K.

Heyder

Krit. Darstellunsf

und

Ver^leichung der Aristoteiischcn u. Ilegelschen Diaiektik p. 164 sqq. et p. 173 not. 87 b 28 1 yccQ nal Etiam si concedatur sensu percipi non solum t6 drouov., sed qualitatem quandam rerum quodam.

raodo universalera (etwas coraparativ, relativ Allgemeines,"

cf.

100al7), tamen sensuura perceptio

ut quod

certis

semper
sit

et tera-

poris et loci finibus circurascripta est,

quibus notiones nnisensibus

versales non coarctantur,

percipi nequeat.
lis

universale

Quare quura

scientia sit cognitio universa-

quae deraonstratione facta e veris reriun causis corapasi trianguluni duos rectos liabere vel iunain deficere ocutis cernereraus , tamen Iiarum rerura causas, quas novisse debet qui scientiam habet, non cernereraus ocuiis, sed ut intelligereraus- ratiocinatione ntendum esset quae noretur, etiara

tionibus universalibus niteretur.

88 a

1 vi)v

quod post

ori

adiecit

Bkk.

et

in Boethii versione

deest et in plerisq. edd. prr.

Illatum autein videtur in con-

teitum ex Philoponi explicatione (schol. 236 b 31). Accedit quod etiam propterea oinittendum videtur - quod h. I. non sibi opponuntur t6 ort vvv et t6 dLOtL oAwg, sed simpliciter ro OTt Tw dioti. Dicit enim hoc. jj^^avofie&a yag av tb OTt, ovx oXcog tb diOTt, quod apparet ex iis quae antecesserunt.

88 a 2 ov
lis

firjv

dXk'

ex

sing:ulis
II. c.

Quomodo comparetur cognitio univexsaquae sensibus subiecta sint, videbiraus Anal.

. . .

post.

19.

88

6 Quare

in

iis

quorura causa aliunde suspensa est (oGcov

co<rnitio

ersQov t6
est

a\'ri,ov)

quara maxime imiversalis potior

quae vel ex sensuum affectione gignatur vel eorura vero (vs. 8) etiara ex cogitatione sola originem habeat quae non aliimde probantur, quippe quibus nitatur omnis ra-

omni

alia,

87i|

Analytica postcriora.
haec enim mente ipsa intuemur
et

tiocinatio., alia ratio est:

quasi araplectiraur (lOOb 12).

88alO Reduxiraus ex codd. nf quod ante Bkkum legebatur dnoBoetli. et ret. intp. verquae dlxiraus ad 48a'n. bI (iij rtg..., h. e., ut dicit 1096a2. sl firj &e.6iv dLaq^vkdrtav. 88all Bene animadvertit Pliiiop. (scliol. 2^1 a9 sqq.) addi haec ab Aristotele propter ea quae dixit c. 18, ne quis putet ea quae modo disputaverit repugnare iis quae supra dixerit. 88al'< dlk' ag iiovxEg...^ quod expiicatur vs. 16: non ita quidem ait, ut ipsa sensiuim perceptio scientiam efficiat, sed ita, ut quod in singuiis accidere videamus idem etiara in
flagitat.

dBiXTm>: sensus enim hoc

tunt demonstratorum".

Cf.

oranibus accidere coniicientes universe intelligamus.

88al6 Bkkus
liber

scripsit tra ex coniectura, quara

ne unus quidem

nos rd: nara praepositio 8id explicationis gratia addita videtur in quibusdam libris : cuius omissionis

confirmat,

exempla collegimus ad .Sbl3.

Cap. 32.
cipia.

Non eadem

simt

omnium disciplinarmn

prin-

88 a 19 Xoyixag.^ cui opponitur vs. .30 ez 8s t&v xsi^ivav, h. e. ex iis quae de ipsis artis demonstrandi principiis adhuc exposuit Aristoteles.

dem

esse principia.

Non possunt oranium syllogismorum eaquum alli falsi sint, alii veri. Nam si

quis dicat veri et falsi idera principium esse posse, quia fieri

ut ex falsis propositionibus vera proveniat conclusio, redarguitur eo, quod hoc non nisi scrael fit. Etenira sint de omni B^ de orani C, ex quibus falsae propositiones
possit,

vera exeat conclusio

ita

A A

de omni

C.

lam

si

deraonstrationem

producimus, ut propositiones falsas ex quibus coactum est AC, ipsas per novos syllogisraos deraonstrare velimus, hoc fieri non poterit nisi ex propositionibus falsis , quia falsum est id quod probai'i debet. Patet igitur veri et falsi non eadem esse principia: nam etiam si semel factura sit, ut ex propositionibus non veris vera proveniat conclusio, taraen, siraulatque demonstratio producitur (Ig xb dvco, ut probentur propositiones ipsae, unde conclusum sit, falsae ratiocinationis
faisum utique esse principium apparet, verae ratiocinationis verum (vs. 26), principia vero faisa et vera reapse diversa Vs. 20 Brandisius (Variet. lect. Aristot.) legi mavult sunt.

Aiialytica posteriora.

375
vertit .,et si

xav

yccQ

sit],

quod Boeth. videtur habuisse, qui

enira sit verum".

bS a 27 Deinde ne ea quidein quae faisa sunt ex iisdem seraper

principiis co<ri possunt:
tiae:

sunt enim ipsius

falsitatis ditteren-

nara alia faisa sunt.,

quia ponunt contraria.,

ut

si

quis

quod aequaie sit esse raaius vel ininus; aiia, quia connectunt quae coniungi nequeunt. ut si quis dicat honiinem esse equum. 88a.>l At neqne corum qnae vera sunt eadem principia esse possunt nam si essent, e\ his contiuua demonstratione derivari possent omnia ut nulla daretur scienliae pars , quae non cum quacunque alia parte connexa colli^ataque esset:^ ' quod si ita esset, etiam singularum disciplinarum principia| non genere diversa, sed ita comparata esse debereut, ut al-j terura ex altero flueret {EcpaQudtrovOat), quod inteliigeretur| per continuani ratiocinationera. iu qua notiones universalesl
dicat iustitiam esse iniustitiam vel id
:

(principia) alterius doctrinae cura notiouibus alterius ita co-f

pulari deberent. utaltera inter aitera atit interponerentur sicutl

terrainus

praedicarentur ut

medius inter maiorem et mruoremjAaut^de genus de specie {dva&iv rs. 35)

alteris| aul^iis*

subiecta essent (xarcoO^ei^) aut simul et

medium
in iis

et

extremum

iocum utrumcunque (primuin

et

tertiura)

occuparent,|

ut partim antecederent partim consequerentur. 88a3() INeque esse possunt quaedam propositiones imiversales nam unaquaeque disciplina ex qiibus omnia demonstrentur certam quandam liabet regioneni, quae genere ad quod pertinet
:

Unicuique generi autem quaedam sunt propria accommodantur propositioues istae universaies, cum liis coniunctae singuias doctrinas demonstratione facta gignunt et procreant. 88b;i Deinde numerus propositionum ex quibus colligitur certe liaud mullo minor esse poterit quaui numerus conclusionum,
definitur.

ad

liaec igitur si

uam nova conciusio non provenit, imo maior esse debet nisi novus terminus sive medius interiiciatur sive extrinsecus si autera adiiciatur vel dnb xov ccvco vel djco xov xdrcj ex iisdem principiis omnes discipiinae derivari possent, conclusionum numerum infinitum esse (nam quae demonstrari possunt in quaque doctrina nuilis finibus circumscripta sunt), terminorura vero finitum concedendura erit: nam qui omnia

ex iisdem principiis demonstrari contendit, liaec ipsa principia cognita liabere debebit, ut ea

numerare

possit.

376

Analytica posteriora.

88 b 7 Alia principia necessaria sunt, alia non necessaria: qnare si ex utrisque deinonstratur, non eadem sunt oinniura disciplinarum principia, sed diversa tw EidBi. at ap;^i,(non xav

690 b 24 ot yccQ Ix&veg xa^dTtSQ iXQTirai TtQoveQov ol ^ev ov doJiovOiv e^eiv ... ot d' ddiccQ&Qa}tov hxovGiv {ylcortrjv intell.). 4H9al5 oaa ^ev ovv dvayxatorara ^oQia tolg t^oig th fiev nd6iv exeiv 6v(i^e^r]xs
a()%G)r) ai }iBv ... al de, cf.
,
,

tcc

de tolg

TtXeicjtoig.,

ravr' eorlv.
alia

88bll
alla

Si quis alia principia geouietriae,

arithmeticorum,

medicinae esse dicat, diversa

principia contendit:

esse singularum discipli-

nam qui eadem omnium esse prinnon ita intelliget, ut omnia principia eadem sint quae sint, neque ita, ut quodcunque placeat (vs. 15) demonstrari possit ex principiis quibuscunque: apparet enim lioc fieri non posse et in iis disciplinis quae, sicut raathematica, certam quandam viara et rationem sequuntnr et qnarum
cipia statiiit, lioc certe

narum

aditns patet omnibus((pavporgvs. 17), et in syllogismorum anai

nam si syllogismi ad propositiones redncuntur ex qui: bus confecti snnt, ad novam conclusionem faciendam etiam nova propositione opns esse patet, Si quis autera eas prolysi

positiones

principia

demonstrationis

esse dicat,

qnae ipsae

demonstrari neqneant et ex quibus prirais oranes syliogisrai

conficiantur,
in

unoquoqne genere una

erit propositio,
,

unde
dis-

doctrina quae ad hoc genus pertineat manet

ut

eadem

cipiinarum omninra principia essc non possint.

88 b 22

el de ^iijte Xeyoi rtg ovtcog tdg avtdg elvai dndvrcov aQxdg ag deov deixvvG&ai e^ dnaQcbv onovv. lara si ponamus neque ex qnocunqne principio demonstrari posse propositionem quamcnnque, neque tamen ita diversa esse principia, ut alia alius doctrinae sint, reiiquura est , ut videamus nura fieri possit, ut, quaraquam neqne plane eadem sint neque plane diversa, tamen cognationem qnandam inter se habeant, ita ut alia ex aliis demonstrentur. Sed ne hoc quidem (vs. 26) fieri potest nam si quae deraonstranda simt genere dilFerunt, principia ipsa genere differre supra deraonstravimns. Etenira (vs. 27) qnamquara sunt principia omnibus disciplinis communia (nara propositionibus qnibnsdam \iniversalibus oranes utuntur sine discriraine) , tamen etiam sunt alia Vs. 23 Brandisius (Variet. lect. quae singulis propria simt. Aristot.) legi mavult XelTCStKL otl 0vyy.., at nostra iectio optime
:

Auaiytica posteriora.
habet:

371

nam

sententia haec est: lelTtstai oti CKonco^EV

Iv-

8k%ttaL OvyyBvsig slvai 7cd6ag.

ponitur.

Quid intersit inter scientiam et opinionem^ ex89all /?es, in qiiibus scientia et opinio versantm\ guodammodo eaedem sunt, quamquam., quum cognoscendi ratio
Cap. 33.
diversa
sit
,

etiam res ipsae qiiae cognoscuntur differunt.

et scire

38

Opinari si?nul

idem nemo

potest.

88b."J5 ov^s vovg^ intell. sCtl tceqI ta iv8s%6^sva alXcig sxslv:

nam

hic

scientiam habet

eornm quae demonstrationem non

admittunt, primas propositiones easque necessarias, ex quibus

demonstrantur omnia, sola cogitatione comprehendit et per

se intelligit.

89 al Postquam exposuit qua in re diiFerant scientia et opinio (male Biese I. p. 278 sqq. dotau vertit ,,Vorstelhing" Hegelii locutionem imitatus), addit qua in re conveniant: namqueutraque in iis versatur et ad ea pertinet, quae vel vera vel falsa sunt. Consequitur opinionem versari in iis quae neque demonstrari possint neque necessario talia eveniant qualia eveniant: quod etiam communi consuetudine sermonis comprobatur. 89all Si igitur scientia est eorum quae necessario eveniunt, opinio eorum quae non necessario, aut non videtur eiusdem rei opinio dari et scientia aut opinionis et scientiae nuihim erit discrimen (parum accurate Biese I. p. 279 liuius loci sententiam reddidit) ratiocinatur enim et qui scit et qui opinatur, uterque igitur, si demonstrationem persequatur sjil xb dvco, donec ad eas propositiones ascendat quae demonstrationem non admittant, eodem modo ratiocinabitur, quamvis aiterum quare scientia non differre opinari, alterum scire dicamus Quam quidem ditficultatem Aristoteies videtur ab opinione. soivit hoc modo. Profecto, ait, qui necessaria quibus ratiocinatio quam fecit nititur principia pro aeque certis habet atque definitiones a quibus omnis vera demonstratio incipit, is non opinabitur, sed sciet: sin autem pro veris quidem habeat neque tamen necessaria putet et cum ipsius rei natura coniuncta, opinionem, non scientiam habebit: quae quidem opinio si propositionibus nitatur quae demonstrationera non admittant, et verum esse quod contendat et cur verum sit inteliigere opinabitur (namque veram rei causam perspectam habere putabit), sin autem prinias propositiones, ex qui: :

378

Analytica posteriora.

bus probari possit qiiod contendat, ignoret, fundamentum quidem et priniam causam qua argumentatio sua nitatur nescire, rem vero ipsam quam contendat veram esse opinabitur.

89ar2 Dedimus
spirat.

eOrai ex codd.,
vs.

cum

quibus Boethii versio con-

Eadem

13 habet 5,consequitur", quod

mendum
cxko-

videtur esse pro ,,consequctur":

lov9^iJ6H,

quare nos exhibuimus

non dxoXovd^ovGi^ quod codd. praebent, praeseretiam Phiiop. illam lectionem habuisse videatur

tim

quum

(scliol.

2."t9a22).

Vs. IT vcrborum coilocatio iocum difcerte haereret,

ficilcm reddidit:
\s.

nam nemo

18 haberetur ante VTtokijxl^stat vs. 17.

si

verbum
2'i

sx^tv

Vs.

interro-

si^num delevimus, quamquam in simili loco adieciquod hoc loco propterea factum est, quia Aristotelem ipsum inceptae interrogationis oblitum esse e fine orationis apparet vs. 22 sq. 89 a 2.i Ut opinio eiusdem rei quodam modo et vera et falsa esse potest, quia ad eandem rem refertiir utraque (utraque idem habet VTroKelfisvov).^ sic etiam opinio et scientia eiusdem
^ationis

mus 85

b 5,

rei sunt, quia ad eandera

rem

referuntur.

Si quis vero opinio-

nera veram et faisam eiusdem rei esse

ita dicat, ut

eandera opi-

nionem modo veram modo faisam esse contendat, quod Protagorae placuit, inter alia quae inde consequuntur absurda etiam dicendum erit eum qui quid falso opinetur ne opinari quidem: nam qui falsam opinionem Iiabet aut opinatur id quod vero
contrarium est aut
ac
si

tie

opinatur quidem.
. .

89a27 dtona 6vu^aivBt.

xai i^evdii. 89a.il ovTCO tov avtov.,
tvdsxstat.

Oratio parura cohaeret: pergitenim

praecessisset tgj keyovvL xov avxov Uvat 86i,av dkri^ri

d6t,av dlrjQ^ij icat ijjsvdrj

intell.

sivat

Res

ipsa (das Object der Meinuuff), de qua aliquid

opinamur, eadera manet, sive veram sive falsam opinionem , id vero quod res est quatenus cogitatione corapre(ro ti tjv eivat xata xbv X6yov) et ratio cognolienditur

habemus

scendi differt.

89a35

tl

rj
,

^ev
rj

xaO''

&QC0710S

8e %ata

avtb yvcoQi^et tbv dvd^QaTiov %al j] dvtb avtb yaQ vTtozsi^evov (Ju^t/3|3r;xos
'

s6ttv sxatSQa, 6 8s tQOTtog rijg yvco6ecog dtacpsQSt.

89 b 2 Quod alius opinatur idem

simul non potest:
intelligeret

alius scirepotest,

idem homo
simul

nara

si

slmul sciret et opinaretur,

esse non posse animal et

hominem non

hominem

Analytica posteriora.

370

posse non esse animal: nara si qui opinatur id quod verum esse putat etiam non esse posse sibi persuadet, is qui homi-

nem

animai esse opinatur non necessario hoc ita esse putat. rovto yag sGtco tb Bvdex^Gd^ao dkkag sx^iv^ h. e. nam rer-

bum
deat.

evdExs6&cct, hic ita accipimus, ut qui opinetur etiam con-

quod pro vero habet esse posse sibi persuaImperativum BOtco et optt. codd. praebent et Boethius legisse videtur: vertit enim hoc eniin sicut contingere", in quibus pro ,,sicut" scribendum esse sit" per se inteliinritur. Accedit quod talis imperativi ususfrequentissimus est apud AriVs. 3 suspicionem stotelem, v. quae diximus ad 13^25. movet vox ovd\ quam Boetliius vertit ,,nihil". Melius esset, si haberetur oi5;jj.
trarium eius

Cap. 34.

Qiiid sit sagacitas^ ejplicatur,

89bl3
89b

rj

dialsyo^Bvov idav TtXovOicp lyvco dta xi dialeyBtaL,

didrt davEit,tai.

Nam qui sagax est omnes causas quae medio esse possint videt, simulatque novit eos terminos qui per illas coniungendi sunt.
14 Ttdvta yag...
in

Lib. II. cap. 1.

sit.,

Quod quaeritur quadruplex

per quid vel propter quid

est

num

res

quid

sit.,

quale

sit.,

sit.

Totius

libri

finitione

arguraentum bene enarravit C. Kiihn de notionis dequalem Aristot. constituerit. Hal. 1844.
Ei. log. p.

89b23 V. Trdibg.
quaestio
est

T4

sq.

Quum

quaeritur

sl sativ,

de ipsius rei exsistentia (hoc est enim quod Ts. 33 significat verbo djtlas)., quum quaeritur to dti.., quaestio est de qualitate, quae rei adhaereat et cum ea quo modo
primat:

cimque coniuncta sit, quamquam non ipsius rei naturam exnam quae ad ipsam rei naturam pertinent, ea continentur Toi ti sotiv
:

t6 ti EGtLV et t6 6;rordv ti EOtiv (h.

quare saepissime Aristoteles distinguit e. t6 ort: cf. enim schol.

al.).

240 b 31, llal9, 12al5, 16b31

Xiteiag
E7ti6x.ojtoijvti
,

1274 b

.32 zcp tceqi

no-

dxEdbv jtQcotr] 6/iEil,'tg TtBQL Ttokeag idElv... 1098 a 32 6 yaQ tSKtav xccl ysafiEtQTjg diacpEQOvrag 7ti^r]toi)6L tr]v 6q&^v' 6 }iEV yaQ kcp' O0OV XQ^^^M ^965 t6 BQyov 6 di ri EGtLv ?J nolov xi, ai. De quaestione tov dLOtt v. 1041 a 10 t,r}XBlxaL 8e xb dLCc
,

xal tig

EKaOtr]

xui noia Tig,

tl dbi

ovTWg,

dLo. xi

dkko dkkcp

tlvl vTtdQXSL.

Quare pergit

880
vs.

Analytica posteriora.
14 rb
ftV

ovv

dicc ti ttdto

Igxlv at^rd, o{)%iv icti

t^fjteiv.

dst yccQ tb

oxi

xal tb dvai vjtccQxsiv dijla ovxcc,

Uyco

8'

olov ott

ri

aslijvr] kxltijisi,.

leguntur.

De

Quibuscura coiisentiunt quae cap. 2 eo quod dicit vs. .'U v. 69 a 10 ort tb TiQaxov
sivaL.,

xivovv dvayxalov dxLvtjxov

7tQ

dtcoQLGxaL tcqoxsqov
yj

oxs-

xal

TtSQL xLVT^Cscog didlov.,

noxSQOv sGxLV

ovx

S.6XL,

xa\

Sl SOXL, XI S S6TLV.

89b25

slg

aQLd^^bv &vrfg,

quum

singulas propositae quaestio-

nis partes, quippe

quae se invicera excludant, enunieraraus debent enira numerari, quia, si quid praetermissura cst, proposita quaestio non pertractatur.
Cap.
2.

Quadruplex
sit

illa

guaestio ad duplicetn redigitur:

terminus medizis aut , si est , quis sit quaeritur. In omni quaestione igitur terminus medius investigatur., qui causam exprimat . ob quam maior de mitiore praedicari debeat.

nam

aut

num

89b37
de
Tt

Si quaeratur t6 ort, quaeri dicit ro snl fiSQOvg, quia non

h.
e.

de re nniversa,
aliqua

parte eorura
s6tL
Tfc

non de exsistentia rei quaestio quae cum ea coniuncta sint

si

sit,

sed
s6xl

[si
.,

^ri

9()a.i):

vero quaeritur ro

ei

s6tlv

res

nniversa {djtXag) in dubiura vocatur.

qnaestio
sit

Convenit autem aitera

cnm

aitcra in eo

quod

terminiis medins,

difFei'nnt in

ToiJ si 's6xLv) quaerit

nura

sit

ambabns quaeritur, num qnod altera (quae est termimis medius, qui cansara
in

eo,

expriraat, ob quara res ipsa (xb vjtoxsi^svov vs. 12) exsistat (atriov toi} slvul ditlcyg ttjv ov6iav\%. 10), altera vero quaerit,

num

sit

terraiuus medius, qui expriraat causam, ob

rl vs.

quam

de re ipsa praedicetur (ro aXxLOV tov sivai fLfj dTtX&g dXkd rt vs. 10), sive xaS^' avtb praedicetur sive xara 6v(x^s^rjx6g (vs. 11). lam vero si compertnra Iiabemus, num res ipsa exsistat vel num quid de ea praedicetur , quaestionem instituimus toi) dLcc ti s6xl vel tov ti Namque dum antea quacrebatur num sit terminus S6XLV.
aiiud

quid (ro

IS)

medius , nunc quis sit {xi ovv xoijx^ s6xl vs. 9) investigatur qua in re ntraque quaestio (jj tov ti S6xiv et ij xov dLcc xi s6XLv) convenit, quum omnis quaestio iara in eo versetur, ut
rei subiectae naturara
s.

causara per

quam

res ipsa exsistat

vel ob quara aliud quid de ea praedicetur, exploreraus,

quidem causara terminus medius exprimere debet.

quam Utram-

Analytica posteriora.
qiie
vs.

381

qnaestionem revera eandem esse exemplis

15 sqq.

Apparet

in his

allatis probat quaestionem omnium gravissimam

esse ToO dtdri,

quamquam

aliter res se liabet in ea phiioso:

phiae parte quae ad vitam et mores pertinet

quare ut do-

ceat non subtili arguraentatione, sed factis opus esse ad vir-

tutem colendam , quod saepius inculcat. 1095 b 6 dQxfj Y^Q> inquit, xb oxi xul bl rovvo cpalvotro dQxovvrag^ ovdsv 71qo6deijCSL xov didrt. Praeterea cf. cum iis quae diximus 1041 a 24 olovdiccxi (iQOvxa ; dioxLil^o^pogflyvsxai sv xoig vscpsaLV aAAo yaQ ovrag jcar' dkXov S6rl xb ^rjrov^svov. xal dia xi xadi, olov niiv&ot, xal ki&oi^ oiKia sGxiv; (pavsQov xoivvv ort tvxsl xb aXxiov xovxo 6' s6xi xb xi ^v slvav^ ag siTtsiv Xoyixag. o STi' sviav fisv sCn xivog svsxa , olov Yoag sn^ oixiag rj xUairiov yh.Q xal rovro. vrjg 5 STt' sviav 6s xi sxivr]6s TCQaxov dkXa tb fiiv toiovrov aiXLOv snl xov yivso&aL ^rjxsltaL xai Kf%siQS6%aL., %dxsQOV bs xal snl xov slvai. 90 a 14 Verba si sv ^s6a r) ^ij satis negligenter addidit in fine, quum quod dicere voluisse videtur hoc sit: xb ds xl i^rjxslv ksya^ oxav ^r^rafisv s'l riva xaQ' vnoxstyLSVOV ksyo^sva, olov sxXsi-^^tg L66rt]g dvL66ri]g, sv ^s6a nvi s6rLV rj (ii], h. e. orav ^rjra^sv., sl rLva xaO"' vTioxEifisvov ksyoasva svvndQiSL sv HS6a xivi, 8l' 8 xaxrjyoQslraL xa&' av xaxrjyoQslxaL' xb yag {i6ov tb CLLXLOV s6xL xov xaxrjyoQSL^d^aL ^dxSQOV ^aXSQOV, a6x^ sv xovxcp nQ6xsQov dsl svvndQxsiv xb xaxrjyoQOv^svov. 90a2l E-vemplo probat quod vs. 8 seq. universe dixit. 90a24 Si et res ipsa et causa unde orta est sub sensus cadit, medium terminum , per quem probemus verum esse id quod sensibus percipimus, non quaerimus unde apparet terminum medium quaeri, si nos lateat quae sit rei causa.
'

'

Cap. 3. Non quaecunque demonstrantur etiam per definitionem sciri possunt, b 18 neque quaeciinque definiuntur, per demonstrationem. 28 Imo nihil quod definiri potest demon-

strationem admittit.

90a37 dvayayrjg, h. e. dvaXv^sag., qno sensu saepissime legimus verbum dvdySLV in Anal. pr., ut significet investigare propositiones ex qnibus aliquid coactum
sit.

90a38 8LanoQri6avrsg nQarov.

ficultatibus, quibus via,

Solet Aristoteles,

anteqnam quid
obstruatur, vel

ipse sentiat accuratius exponat,

quaestionem incipere a difsit,

qua procedendum

Analytica posteriora.
de eadem re statuerint et quod prirao Cf. 1145 b 2 dei d\ caGnsQ ml xcbv cclkcav Tid^hrag xh (paLVo^iva %ai TtQcaxov diaTCOQ^6avxag ovxa der/ivvvai ^dlLaxa ixev Ttdvxaxa tvSo^a tibqI xavxa xa Ttdd')] 1 ds ^11] xa TtltiCxa %al xvQicoxaxa' sav yaQ Ivrjxai xs xa dv6xfQfi %ai xaxakBi7ti]xai xa tvdo^a dsdsiyfxevov av
alii

etiam ab eo qnod

aspectn raaxime placere videatur.

,

sir}

ixavcbg.

Kitter
TtSQi

1.

1.

III.

p.

100

sq.

Zeil ad Eth. Nic. VI,

12. 3.

349 a 14

d'

dvs^c3v aai ndvxcov jtvsv^dzcav, sxi

^

8s Ttoxa^wv xat ^aldxxrig Xsyo^sv

TtQoajtoQ^^aavxss nQbg rj^ag avxovg.

TtQcbxov xal nSQi xovtcov

464 b 21 aQiT] 8s rijg Gxsil^scog dvayxala TtQcaxov sx xov 8ia7tOQij6aL jtSQi avxav. 995 a 2T s6xL 8s xoig svTtoQTJOaL (iovlofiivoLg TtQOVQyov xb diajtOQrjGaL xakag iq yaQ vGxsqov svnoQia kvGtg x&v nQoxsQov dnoQOV'

^svov
8si

sGXi

kvsLv

8' od'/c

S6XIV dyvoovvxag xbr> ds6^6v

Slo

xag dv^xsQstag xs&saQrjxsvai nd6ag nQOxsQov, xovxcov XB %dQLV xat Sia xb xovg ^rjxovvxag dvsv xov 8ianoQrj6aL nQ&rov S^olovg slvat xolg nol 8sl ^aSlt^SLV dyvoov6L, xal n^bg xovxoLg ov8'
SL

noxs xb ^rjxov^svov tvQrjxsv

rj

^rj yLVC06xSLV'

xb

yaQ rsXog rovxcp ^sv o-d brjkov., rcb 81 nQorjnoQrjxon 8rjkov. Quare verbum ^LanoQtlv exploraudi notionem liabet 108()a34 xavra 8' oxl ovx iv8s%sxaL SLr^noQrjxaL nQoxSQOV. 899 b 9 t6 yccQ ^axrov 6^ij, a6nsQ xal dLrjnbQrjrat. 699 a 26 on ^sv ovv sxSL n xal nQbg rrjv oXrjv cpv6LV ovxag cbensQ 7J y^ nQbg xa ^aa xal xa xivov^itva 8i- avxav, txxav xoiovrav dv xcg 8LanoQij6tLtv. Eodem sensu quo dnoQia usnrpatur etiara 8v6xoUa ab Aristotele, v. e. g. 1014 b 17. Negiigentiam quandara habet qnod dicit 770 a 30 ntQl 8s xrjg noXvxoxiag xal rov nktova6^ov xal rijg 6hyoroyiag xal yLOvoroxiag xal r^g sv8siag tmv (iSQav dnoQrj6SLSV dv Tig: nam quid dnbitetur
exponitur 771 a 14
ij

8s 6xiipLg s6rlv

iq

nsQL rovrav, norsQov

xrjg
rj

xijv a^dxrjv alxiav 8si vo^it,tiv xr^g

^ovoxoxiag xal

svStiag
^rj xrjv

Twv [itQav xal rov nktova6iiov xa\ T^g nokvroxiag

a^dxT^v.

90 b 3 Non qnaecunque demonstrantur etiam definiri possxmt: definitur enim qnid aliqna res sit , quod universali semper affirmatione exprinri debet, dum per syllogisraos secundae
et

tertiae

figurae propositio universe affirraans cogi nequit.

in prima figura coUigitur quae demonstrari possunt non per demonstrationem , ut, si definitionem ad-

Deinde

(vs. 1)

ne

id

quidem quod
quia

definitionera

adraittit,

sciuntur nisi

Analytica posteriora.
mitterent, scirentur et quatenus defiuita et quatenus
strata essent.
nisi

383

demon-

(Eodem modo argumentatur

:

Aristoteles 99:1 a 7,

quod pro dTCodsi^si/- ponit aiO^tjGiv ert 8h (ov sGxiV aXravra Ttag dv Ttg [xt] j(^a)v trjv aio&rjijiv yvoit];) Denique(vs. 14) etiara inductione facta probatur uilill eorum qnae demonstrentur per definitionem cognosci: numquam enim adhuc per definitionem co^novimus quidqnam eorum quae de
6\fri6ig^

alia

repraedicantnr, sive

cum

eius natura coniuncta necessario

de ea praedicantur sive non necessario (nam ra 6Vfi(it^rjxota vs. 15 snnt ra Ivdixo^isva xal AAcjg sxBiv xal (lij dvayxala, quum opponantur Torg xad^' avro v7idQxov6iV qwod non raonerem, nisi expresse lioc contradiceretll. llassow Ari,

stot.

de notionis def. doctr.

Dial.

p. 9. not. 3, cuius sententiara raeDarst^.j[i.

rito

improbavit C. Heyder Krit.

I,

Vgl. der Aristot. u.

si-

Hegeischen
finitione

p. 217. not.),

et vice versa (vs. IG)

de-

naturam cognoscimns, ea qiiae demonstrationem admittant non per se consistere, sed de aiiis praedicari apparet. Ys. 10 recepimus quod pieraeque hahoc enim et aperte postnlat sensus et bent edd. Bkko prr. ea confirmant quae Iiabentur vs. 21. Eandem lectionem etiara Brandisius praeferendam esse indicavit (v. Variet. lect. AriBoethins vertit 5,demonstrabiie" , vet. intp. .jdemonstot.). ut iUum certe nostram lectionem habnisse prostrantem" babiie sit. Verae lectionis vestigia habet cod. ^. a codd. BD
facta
ipsins
rei

vero,

quornm auctoritatem hic deseruimus, etiam vs. 16 recedendum putavimus, praesertim qnum lectio ovGLag Ttg yvcoQiO^og etiam propterea praeferenda videatur, qnod in capp. seqq. agatnr de definitione , ut qnalem rei cognitionem definitione facta nobis compareraus, hoc loco Aristoteles in dubio

adlinc relinqnere vohiisse videatur.

90 b 18 Non qnaecnnque defininntur

ac

etiara

demonstrari possunt:
iis

primnm quidera eadem

ratio in his valet atque in

qnae

praecesserunt, hanc dico, quod una eaderaque res nonnisi ima via et ratione vere cognoscitnr, aut demonstratione aut definitione, ut sciat aut qui deraonstret aut qui defiuiat.
(vs. 24),

quum demonstratio

a definitionibus

Deinde quibusdam inci-

piat,

quae demonstrationera non adraittant, aut ipsorura prinaut definitiones quibus demonstratio nititur, ipsae demonstrari non
cipiorura deraonstratio in infinitura prodnci potest,

possunt.

90b28 Neque

definiri

quidquam potest quod demonstratiir ne-

384

Analytica postcriora.

que demonstrari quidquara qiiod definitur: nam quod definitio constituit(T6 ti eOti), id non evincit et probatdcmonstratio, sed suniit. Deiude (vs. .'VJ) demonstratio aliquid de aliqua re praedicandnm esse docet, in definitione vero, quippe quae imivefsam rem ita complectatnr, ut quid sit exprimere velit, non praedicatur alterum de altero, ut totum de parte nam in definitione 6 dv&Qamos i<5ti t,aov dlnovv nequc diiferentia quae dicitur specifica (t6 diTtovv) praedicatur de genere neque genus de dilferentia, sed in unam notionem quasi coaluit iitrumque (cf. quae diximus ad 1 b 17). Item in altero exemplo t6 tTcijttdov dilferentia est generis 0](^i](xaTog. Denique (vs.38)
:

I
f

quaestio quid aliqua res

sit

et quaestio

quid de ea praedialteram. reduci et

ita

candum
sunt,

sit ita

diversae sunt, ut aitera

?id

P*5r,J?iy?.JPJC9bari

nequeat.

Ea autem, quae non

comparata

ut aiterius demonstratio aitera contineatur sicut pars

|.

si triangulum duos rectos liabere probatum sit, simul probatum est triangulum aequilaterum totidem rectos haLbere), sed reapse diversa snnt, etiam diversam demonstrationem requirunt: quare t6 OTt et t6 Tt l6Tt, si demonstra-

toto (ut,

tur

\itrumque

diversa

ratione

demonstrabuntur.
ocara td avTO.

Apparet

inde

91 a

.'i

quam caute adiecerit 90 b 2 Rassow Aristot. de not. def.

oAot
,

doctr. p. 10. not. 2 scribi vult

6'

tov

quia vs. 5 legatur t6

satis

okov.

quod

Aristotelis sti-

lum eum non

nosse ostendit.

91 a 11 xa vjtoxBl^eva h. e. finis ad quem tendit utraque vel id quod utraque conficere vult: qui quidem huius vocis usus haud

frequens est apud Aristotelem, quamquam facile excusatur eo, quod id cuius causa quaestio instituitur dici potest t6 vjtoxufiEvov , quoniam quod elficere volumus id ad probandum proponitur et quasi subiicitur demonstrationi.
TJt syllogismo facto cogatur quid aliqua res sit., Cap. 4. terminus medius dejinitioftem rei, quae quid sit conjicitur, exprimere debet. 33 Quare qui deJinitio7iem syllogismo facto probant^ principii petitionem admittunt.

91 a 1.5 Definitio, quum et quod rei proprium sit et cum eius natura coniunctum exprimere debeat, cum re ipsa converti potest. Quare ut termino medio B interiecto cogatur praedicari de C, ita , ut illud significet quod termino C proprium sit, et exprimere debebit quod termino B et B quod ter-

Analytica posteriora.
mino

385

proprium

sit.

Item,

iit

colligatur

cura ipsa natura

tennini

necessario coniunctum esse. etiam propositiones ex

qnibus colligitur

{AB et BC) ita comparatae esse debent, ut quod praedicetur necessario coniunctum sit cuni natura eius de qiio pracdicetur. Quod si non ita liabet in utraque propositione (vs. 21), neque conclusio exibit qualem volumus, si quidem A praedicatur de B sv ta xi 0Ttv, quamquam non praedicatur iv xSt tl sGtL de quibuscunque quo modo cunque praedicatur B (vs. 23) namque si B de C praedicatur zaza (Ji;/u/3f/3;^xdg, A de C non poterit praedicari av ta ti B6tiv. Sed (vs. 24) ut conclusio habeat t6 ti (JTtv,
:

utraque propositione eadem praedicandi ratio obtinere debet atque in conclusione. Apparet igitur terminum medium, per quem cogatur to ti eOTt , ipsum prius sumi debere ita, ut exprimat to ti iGtiv. At si demonstratur tb tl f0Ttv, propositiones ipsae. ex quibus conclusum est, demonin

strari
nisi

ti

quae quum non possint dcmonstrari quae alterum de altero Iv ta E6tL praedicari sumant, pro concesso sumi patet quod dedebent
aliis

(vs. 30)

ex

propositionibus

monstrari debebat.

91a24 Boethium et codd. potiores secuti reduximus quod edd. prr. habent. Idem legisse interpretem anon. prava explicatio prodit (schoi. 242 b 28). Inde a vs. 27 oratio parum cohaenam prius orationis membrum si e6tL dsi^ai tL omissa ret
:

apodosi repetitur
velit

vs.

28

el
si

toivvv

facile

intelligitur,

teneraus

(coll.

Quid Aristoteles sibi 83al4) pro ocatT]-

yoQBLG^aL plenius dicendura fuisse zatijyoQeiG&aL sv ta ti s6tLV, quod apparet ex sequentibus. 91 a 30 toi5to inteiiigit id quod raodo dixit ak^ov koyov fisGov^ novimi raedium terrainura, per quem demonstretur propositio

AB.

91 a 33 Maxirae
e

eliicet quod dixiraus in svllogismo siroplici qiii duabus propositionibus consistit quae ipsae demonstrari non possunt; e. g. si quis per syllogismum conficere velit animae definitionera (cf. Trdlbg. de an. p. 273) , ut probet animam esse id quod vitae suae causam in se ipso habeat, praeter propositionem, quae id quod ipsura vitae suae causa sit numerum esse dicit se ipsura raoventem, etiam sumere debebit animae eandem esse natiiram quam numeri se ipsum moventis nam si non sumeret termini A eandem esse na:

II.

25

886

Analytica posteriora.

tnram qnam termini

C, sed
1

Aa

e,i

B et termini B eandem qnam termini B de C praedlcari tantum poneret,

,

definitionem certe non cogeret

sed
si

niliii

nisi id

quod vere

praedicaretur;
ut genus

neqiie

enim (b3)

de

praedicaretur

natura alterum ciun altero coniunctum

de specie, delinitionem cogeret, quia, quamquam est, tamen genus spe-

ciem non ita definit, \it alterum alteri aequale sit, definitio vero et id quod definitur unum et idem esse debent (vs. 1). Quare si qui defiuitionem cogere vuit terminos non ita surait (ovroj vs. 7),

ut alter alteri plane aequalis

sit,

definitio-

nem non
91

coiligit, si

vero aequales sumit, definitioneiu sumsit.

a.^io oi (liv ovv... Ut oratio concinna esset, pergere debebat oi ds ka^ovteg xo A ojisq xo B tI xal tb B otieq t6

r od 6vKkoyit,ovtai oti. tb A l6t\ ta F tb ti rjv sivat,. Alterum autem orationis membrum quod respondet verbis ot ^ev ovv incipit b 3 ov8' tl e6ti
.

91 b 3
nisi

dkrjd^ss

t/v

bltceIv

sGtai

iiovov.

Boetliius

quum

vertat

verum
set.

solum" non habuisse videtur ijv, quod, excusaretur praecedente ti tjv tivai., ferri sane non posQuod Aristoteles dicit est hoc ot'x i6taL ta F tb A
erit

dicere

t6 ti

fjv

ftvat,

dXX'

6tav fiovov 6vXloyLt,E6&ai, t6 dlrjd^lg

Tjv sinelv

aatrjyoQelv.

%dttQov &dteQov., h. e. OTt dkT^Q^eg rjv t6 A tov De usu imperfecti i^v et casus dativi cum infini-

tivo coniuncti vs. 4 sqq. v. Trdlbg. in

91 b 7 aAA'

oi^x

ovtag

co6te

lyticis incepit, id in

Mus. Rhenan. 1828. II, 4. 92b9. Quod in Anametaphysicis pertractavit, cf. enim cum
'ev

elvai^

cf.

hoc loco

et

cum

cap. seq. Met. Z.

erit

c.

12.

91 b 10 Boethius prius

accipiens in se (in C" fort. leg.)

quoniam

OTt e6tl,

quod quid erat esse B'\ Videtur igitur legisse ti e6tt, quod sane, quum non videam quomodo explicari possit, mihi suspectum est. Bene haberent omnia,
est

non

si

legimus ti

abessent aut verba ti e6tt ut in edd. prr. aut t6 B. Si (jTt, unum relictum videtur, ut pronomen interrogativum ti pro relativo o ixsurpatum dicamus. Quod si admittitur, sententia
tG>

haec exit: TCQOteQov e6tat

ijyovv tb B.

eikijcpag o e6tt

tb ti

Tjv eivai,

Cap. 5.
divisio

Divisione facta dejinitio non cogitur^

utilis est.

quamquam

ad dejinitionem cognoscendam
slQfjtat,,
V.

91 b

1.3

Anal. pr.

I. c. .31.

Quod

Aristoteles hic re-

Analytica posteriora.

887

phista

prehendit in primis cadit in Platonem, qni praecipue in Soet Politico divisione facta definitionem demonstrare

Toliut.

91 h 15 Bulilius huuc locuui corruptum esse sihi persuasit. Imo

omnia optime hahent: sententia enim haec est. Ex singuiis memhris (riavdl ovtov) non necessario efficitur (sicut ex propositionibus conciusio) rem taiem esse quaiem vult definitio, sed quod inde consequitur non magis necessario colligitur quam quod inductione probatur. Nam in iusta deuionstratione non interrogatur adversarius num conquum non pendeat ex concessione, ita clusio vera sit. sed non dari ut non possit ab eo qui propositiones concogitur, cesserit. (Bene observavit C. Heyder p. 295 not. ad eam disserendi rationem, qua Platonem in diaiogis usum esse videamus, Aliter res se hahet in divisione Aristotelem Iiic respicere.) (vs. 18): interrogatur enim num homo sit animans vel inanidiidsieai,

matum, deinde sumitur, non cogitur, hominem esse animal. Rursus suraitur omne animal aut terrestre esse aut aquatile, hominem vero referendum esse ad terrestria. Denique non demonstratur, sed sumitur quod ex utraque divisione componitur (ro okov vs. 20), hominem esse animal terrestre. 91 b24 rav BvdBxo^svcJV 6vkkoyLa&^vat,. 46 a 32 sCn yag tj dcaCqui quomodo fiat ibidem QS6ig olov d69svrjs Gvlkoyi6^6s
.,

exposuit.

Namque

(addit vs. 25)

etiam

si

concedatur

fieri

nav idem est quod paullo ante dixit t6 oXov) de homine, tamen iustam hanc hominis definitionem esse rainime consequitur. Nihil enim
posse, ut praedicetur animal terrestre (ro

impedit, quin,
sionis

iit

iusta definitio

e divisione proveniat,
sit

divivel

memhris
si

vel aliquid

addendum

vel

demendum,

quin,

singula raerabra componantur, definitio fines rei de-

finiendae transeat.

91h28 lam

ut singulae species veram deinceps coUocatae seromnes generis naturam referant descendant, quae iam ad eas usque primis ordine a vato ipsae dividi nequeant, definitio certe non demonstratur, quamsi

genus

ita

dividitur,
et

quam
et
si

alio

quodara

modo
,

definitionem e divisione

Vs. .30 non demonstretur, rainime absurdum est. h. e. ov avXkoyi^ofievov dXXa KaahoviiBvov xb TCQatov Quod Bkkus ex (iovta xo yivoq, olov xb laov vs. 18. nam repetita hahet: codd. recepit interpolationis speciem

elici

posse,

25

Analytica posterlora.
verba rovto 8' dvccyxalov neque Boetli. legit neque vet. lat. Eadcra desimt in phiribus edd. Verba ei anav
.

intp.
.

IX-

XbLiiu oinisit vet. intp., servavit Boetli.

Ilaeo abesse debere

bene viderunt Sylb.

riuit:

et Casaub. qui

uncinis ea circumdede-

nam

si

servantur, vertendum erit hoc autem necessa-

rio evenit.

tinet

si et omnis species quam sumsimus revera perad divisionem quara lecimus neque uila praetermissa

est".
nisi

Sed quuin
liaec

in

iis

t6 ^rjdlv naQakuTiBtv

quae praecesserunt nihii aiiud sit ad quod pronomen rovro reierri

.,

possit,

deienda esse apparet:

8s

nam alisurdum

esset,

si

Aristoteles

diceret dvayxatov

fifjdsv sXXsijfBi.

Etiam

si

TcaQakunttv , si... autem concedatur pronomen Tovto

(i7]8hv

commode
positum
alteriiin

reierri posse ad t6 Xa^i^dvstv sv Tcj ri sGrt

rjj

ndvra
inter-

vei ad t6 Jiotstv rb s(ps^rjg

sit

8iatQSCst (quod

quum

t6 ^r}8sv naQaXsinstv.,

dari vix poterit),

tamen

rovro (vs. 32) non referri non poterit ad ea quae pi'oxime antecedunt: diceret igitiir Aristoteles dvayxatov d'
B6tt rd ditav slg rqv 8taiQS0tv sfimTCtstv xal ^7]8sv sXXsiitstv

quae omnino non co243 b 16) hunc locum ita expiicat ac si scriptum exstaret toi5to 6' dvayxalov (inteill t6 ^r]8sv sXlsinstv)., si sig tb dtonov TtQO^aivst tj 8taiQS6tg. Quae quuin ita sint, nostra lectio praestare videtur, cui ne quis obiiciat quod verisimiie sit negligentiae scribentium, qui verba si dnav... dvay/,alov praeterierint, quum quae praecesserint in eadem verba desinerent, lianc oraissionera deberi, aniinadvertendum est in Boetliii versione non praetermissa esse verba si dnav dvayxatov, sed ea soia quae vulgo repetita leguntur tovto 8' dvaynalov. Expiicanda est autem nostra iectio lioc modo. Necesse est, ait Aristoteles, ut singulae species et natura cum genere coniunctae sint et deinceps suraantur neque uila praeterraittatur, quia, nisi lioc ita fieret, divisio non desineret in species quae ipsae divisionem non adraitterent: debet enira divisio procedere usque ad id quod ipsura dividi nequeat. Lectionem sY8st., quara etiam
i]8r]

dtofiov yaQ

(vel sX8st) Ssl sivat,

haererent: quare etiam Eustrat.

(scliol.

. .

Brandisius probavit in Variet.

iect. Aristot.

quura

ij8rj

alie-

nae correctionis speciera habeat, Boetliii et vet. intp., cuius codex Gothan. certe totura iocura taiem exliibet qualem nos dedimus, auctoritatem secuti praetuliraus. Vs. 36 Bran-

; :

Analytica posteriora.
disius pro Agycov scribi voluit exlsyov,

Pac. Svlb. Casaub.

quod liabent edd. Bas. Idem etiam Boethius videtur legisse.

quibus propositio minor praeconclusio necessario conse-

9lb31

Sicut in syllogismis, in
est,

termissa

quam ob causam
,

quatur, non satis apparet, ut interrogare liceat quo iure coacta

sit
,

ita

etiara in definitione

quae divisione
adiicitur

nititur

de

unaquaque
jtQOGQidiv

definitionis

parte

quae

(jrap'

sxdOzrjv

92 a 2) interrogari licet quo iure addatur: ad quod qui definitionem constituit ita respondebit, ut demonstret (ipse enim demonstrare putat, quamquam revera nihil co^it) quoniodo e divisione definitio nascatur. At quod inde efficitur non est vera dcfinitio, ut, etiam si demonstrationem bene habere concederetur, tamen non co^eretur definitio. Monendum est quod CvXkoyiG^og vs. 5 conclusioncm siirnificat, de quo usu v. quae diximus I. p. 372. Accuratius Aristoteles dixisset dXk' 6 CvXkoyiGfiog

ov^

6Qi6i.idg yLVBxai.

Cap.
propositio

6.

Dejinitio

non

cogitur., neqtie si altera syllogismi

,

defuiitionem ipsam definiat

20 neque per alium

syllogismum hypotheticum quemcunque.

92 a 6 At nonne etiam
tCtC xaz'

ita definitio certae cuiusdam rei (t6 ti quod non recte intellexit Rassow Aristot. de not. def. p. 1.^ , quamquam idem optime de hoc loco t6 ti iiv LvaL\ inquit, .,:eneralem definitionis notionem t6 ti 6tL certam quandara definitionem significare perspicunm est") demonstrari potest particula xai. diCficuItatem non habet, si liaec ita dicta putes ac si Aristoteli obiiciantur ab adversario qui divisione facta definitionem confici iam concessum

ovoiav

.,

esse
V.

opinetur

ut propositio

niaior ponat

(e^

VTto&tCeag.,

quae divimus de hypothetico

natura
rei

p. 4:Vi)

ad 40 b 25 et I. definitionem exprimi coniunctione eorum quaecunque

syllo^isuio

in

definiendae posita

sint

et

quonnn coniunctio

rei proprietatem declaret, deinde propositio

minor promat sinquae sola inrei definiendae natura posita sint et coniuncta (t6 jrav) eius proprietatem constituant*? His enira ita positis colligeretur definitio quam volumus. Ad quae Aristoteles imo, ne sic quidem definitio recte demonstraretur nam (vs. 9) etiam irt his fit petitio principii quae dicitur sumitur enim definitio quae demonstrari debebat. Namque
gula (e.
g.

ABC)

quum

in

termino medio omnis demonstratio posita

sit^,

hic

Analytica posteriora.
ipse in
illo

gyilogismo ita siimtns est, t definitionem expri-

mat
stat,

qiiae

erat. Deinde (vs. 11) etiam lioc obquod, ut definitio demonstretur, non utendum est defi-

demonstranda

nitionis definitione,

quam sumsimus

in propositione

maiore:

neque
tio

enira ut

syllogismus conficiatur, in propositione

ma-

iore sumitur syllogismi definitio, sed altera seniper proposi-

(maiorem

intelligit)

ad alteram liabet

sicut

totum ad par-

tem (vs. 12) eamque compiectitur.* Syilogismi definitione autem non utendum est nisi contra eum qui recte conclusum,
et definitionis definitione

non

nisi

contra

eum

qui recte de-

finitum esse neget

quare quodcunque demonstratur id et sine

gyllogismi et sine definitionis definitione cogi debet.

Bene

C. KVilin de not. def. qualem Arist. constituerit p. 13 not. verba

t6 ri 6X1 xar' ov6iav significant definitionem, quae essentiam rei assequitur, quam scliolastici realem nominarnnt".

Idem

ib. vs.

licet Boetliio et codd. invitis

8 scribendum esse coniecit XSlov pro Idlcav^ quod recipere non dubitavimus : nam

quae sequuntur hanc lectionem veram esse Etenim definitio non exprimit coniunctionem quamcunque eorum quae et rei prppria et in eius natura posita sint (ita ut etiam omitti possint nonnuila eornm qnae cum rei natura coniuncta sint), sed coniunctionenr eorum quae
et sensus ipse et

docent.

in rei natura posita sint

ctio

omnium,

quorura quidera coniunsit ita

quod

rei

definiendae proprinni

exprimat, ut

cnm

ipsa converti possit.

quae etiam Bonitzio placet (Jen. Littztg. 1845. no. 215), coniprobant qnae leguntnr 101 b 19 sqq. et 140 a 34, unde patet definitionem esse Vs. 18 Brandisius Xoyov 'idiov xai dt]kovvra rr^v oiQiav.
Eandera lectionem,

(Variet. lect. Aristot.) restitucndam putavit lectionem codicis

1>, qnam exliibuernnt edd. Bas. Pac. Sylb. al. 92a20 Sin autem qui definitionera demonstrare

veiit

alia

qua-

cimqne liypotliesi utatnr, v. c. si snraat definitionera eins quod rei definiendae contrarinm sit, demonstratio non bene habet: sumit enim definitionem, ut definitionera syllogisrao facto probet. Quamquara enim in omni deraonstratione snrai debet propositio qua alterum praedicetur de altero, tamen id qnod sumitur ai) eo quod cogitur re vera diversum esse
debet (stSQOV ^svroL 6rco
ternra non siranl
intelligatur,
vs. 25)
sit

et ita

comparatnra, ut

al-

concessura

cum

altero et per se ex eo

quod iocum habet tv rolg TiQog Tt, in quibns numeranda sunt ra Bvavria: 6b28 ndvra dh ra jiqos xl tcqos

Analytica posteriora.

3!)1

dvTi6tgsq)ovta Xsystca. 8 a 36 sdp xig slSij tc agiOnivag tav ngog rt, xaxELvo TCQog 8 kiysrai c>Qi6^sv(ag iXGstttt. Recepimus vs. 20 tb xaxra, quod legendum esse coniecit Trdlbg. inMus. Rlienan. 1828. p. 464 (cf. Rassow p, 14. not. 2): sequi-

tur enim tb
ddiaiQstco

biaiQSta slvai et

HvaL.

vs.

23 tb dya^io hivai et tb
ib.

Vs. 25 Rassow.

sic

interpungi vult

szSQov iiivtov s6tco: ex iis apparet quae

qua

in

re cur eura non secuti simus

modo

diximus.

Vs. 27 exspectabas

xal o dvtiOtQScpsi., cuius brevitatis similia exempla collegimus

ad 25 b

.35.

92a27 Denique
Met. Z.
c.

et

qui e divisione et qui ex hypothesi defini-

difficultatera (quam persequitur hanc, quod non probat, cur singulae habet 12) partes ex quibus definitio constet in unara notioneni quasi coalescant nam res quidera quae definitur est una , at quo arctiore viuculo definitionis datae partes inter se connexae
:

tionem demonstrat eandem

idem homo musicus dicatur et grammaticus nara notiones rausici et gramniatici non necessario coniunsint

quam

si

g\mtur,

dum

singulae definitionis partes

ita

coniparatae esse

debent, se coniunctae unius rei notionera aequent ex ipsa deraonet in unara notionera ipsae quasi coeant
ut inter

stratione certe non intelligitur.

Cap. 7. Qiiaeritur num dejinitio., qtium neque per demonstrationem neque per inductionem conjiciatur , alio quocunque modo cogi possit. b 4 Primum obstat . quod et rem esse et
sit per eandem demonstrationefu colligi non potest ; 12 deinde quum demonstratione opus esset ut colligeretur ali~ quid esse., qui definiret^ quid res esset sciret, num esset necne ignoraret ; 19 denique qui dejinit hon simul patefacit cur vera 26 Relinquitur ut definitio non rei naturam.^ sed sit definitio. nominis sigjiificationem exprimat. 35 Quare quid res sit neque qui definit neque qui demonstrat cognoscit.

qtiid

.,

92a34

Cf.

curahoc cap. quae leguntur 1064

a5

tav

bs lex^siGcov

sjrLOtrj^av sy.dGtr] la(iov6d Ticog rb tLs6tiV sv sxd6ra}

yivn

nsi-

QdraL dsLxvvvat rd koLna (xcckaxcjrsgov

t}

dxQL^s6rSQ0V. kafiai 6' vtco-

^dvovOL ds t6
tL%sp.svai'

t/ s6rLV ai

^lv dLa

rrjg ai6d^iJ6sog

Slo xal dijXov sx Tijg tOLavtrjg STtccyojyfjg

d7i6dsLt.Lg.

bn

rrjg

ov6Lag xal toij ti s6tLV ovx S6tLV

1025 b 8 dkkd
neQL

nd6aL avtai nsQL sv

Tt

xal ykvog

ti nsQLyQatpdfisvaL

"

392

Analytica postcriora.

tovTov jiQttyfiatBiJOVTtti,, dlX' ovxi, tcbqI dvtog ccn^cag, o-dds tj ov OTuds Tov tL hctiv ov\fhvtt koyov noiovvttti dkV k tovXOV ttt llk.V ttL0&^6SL TlOnqGttGttl ttVTO dijkov ttt d' VTCOd^EGLV

Xa^OVOttL TO TL IGTLV, OVTGi

TtEQL

Ttt XCcO"' ttVTtt

7]

VTlttQXOVTtt

TW

ySVSL

dvttyxaioTEQOv ^ ^ttlaxaTEQOV. dtoTCBQ tpttvBQbv oTL o{>x eOtlv dnodtL^ig ovGiug o{>8l tov tl
ttjs

o bIglv dnodeLKVvovGLV

Igtlv kx Trjg toittVTtjg fjrayojj/^g , dkld TLg dkkog TQonog

drjXcoGscog.

92a38

OTL

nav...

Qiii inductioiic facta

propositionem nniver-

salem

occurrcrc probat in rcbus singularibus quod propositioni universaii adversetur: unde fiit, ut per incoiligit, is niliil

ductionem non quid rcs

praedicetur.

sit

probari possit

sed quid de ea

92 b 4 Quod non
ret

est, id
niliii

quid

sit

scire

nemo

potest
si

(nam

si

sci-

quid

esset,

esse sciret): quare

quis

scit

quid

sit, eandem esse simul sciat necessc est (cf. 1025 b 16 o^Oiog 8b ovd^ el bGtiv ^ niq bGtl to yivog %bql o TtQay^ttTBvovTttL ov^Bv liyovoi, ttl BTCtGTrj^ttL intcll. dia t6 T^g adTrjg BivaL SLttvoiag t6 tb tl bGtl 8rjlov TtoiBlv xttL si bGtlv). Quid vero'? Num, si quis quid res sit dcmon-

aliqua res

'

stret,

simui

rem

esse demonstratum erit? et

et

fieri potest, ut

una

eadem

ratione vel etiam

quonam modo eadem ratioci-

natione (ro) ttVTip koyco vs. 9) demonstretur utruraquc'?

Apquod

paret hoc
definitio

fieri nullo

modo posse

nam

si

unum

cst et

ct quod dcmonstratio patcfacit, quaestiones vero quid rcs sit?" et num sit?" diversae sunt, neque una definitione proposita neque una demonstrationc facta rcsponderi potest ad utraraquc. Patet cx iis quae dixiraus quo iure intei-punctione vs. 9 mutata particulam xal cx edd. prr., Boetliio et vet. intp., qui vertit ct quare et qualiter eadem

ratione deraonstrabit", rcduxcriraus.

92bI2 Deinde
probemus
potest
raat,

quura demonstratione opus exccpta sola substantia,

sit,

ut aliquid esse
cssc probari non

quam

quare t6 iVt, quum nullius rei substantiam expri: demonstrari utique potcrit, si quidcm, ubi non dc subpraedicatur,

stantia

scd

alii

cuicunque notioni adiungitur,

notlonera
liabct
(e.

non exsistendi,

sed copulae quae dicitur

singulae disciplinac quid noraen

g. trianguli) significct

ponunt, rem vcro quae nominis significationi conveniat esse demonstrant. Quare quid est quod definienti ad demonstran-

Analytica posteriora.
diim relinqmtur?
Aristoteles:

303
sit.

At demonstrabit quid res

igitur

Ad quae
sit,

inteiligens

definitione facta

quid res

num

sit

ignorabit

(nam ut

patefiat

num

sit,

demonstratione

opus esse modo probaviraus), quod absurdum esse supra de-

monstratum est. 92 b 20 sl yccQ Nam etiam si cogitatione fingimus lineam quae a centro ex aequo spatio distet, tamen ex hac defini.

. .

tione ipsa

minime apparet, cur

rei

talis linea

circulus

sit,

ut eo-

dem

cuiuscunque lianc definitionem esse diceremiis: neque enim nihii absurdi notionem definitam iniure alius

cludere neque
nitio probat.

Intp.

siraile est.

Vs. 21 restituimus Philoponum habuerunt Vs. 22

et
s'Cr]

rem definiendam revera

(v. sclioi.
.

definitara esse defi-

quod Boethius

et

vet.

yccQ

.,

244 b 15) legisse veriintell. drj yccQ av xal (pd-

vai xbv aTiodedo^Bvov xov '/tvxXov OQLOfiov Blvai 6QBi.%dkxov oqlG^ov.

92b33
addita

Delevimus vocem
omittitur:
esse.

E7iL6ti]Ut].,

quae etiam
aliena

in

paraphr.
videtur

Riccard.

explicationis

gratia

manu
omitti

Talia haud

raro ab Aristotele
ni fallor,

docui-

mus ad 65 bl. Rectius,

ex sequente verbo djco-

dei^BLBv mente repetitur djcodeL^Lg. Sententia haec est. Quum nuUa demonstratione probari possit, quae nominura quibus utaraur sit significatio, neque per definitionem hoc deraonsti'ari poterit.

Demonstratur dejinitio alia eiusdem rei defini14 Causam per quatn aliquid sit et qua eius naiura definiatur aut postquam illud esse compertum habemus, investigamus aut simul intelligimus utrumque quod si fit , aut fit per terminu?n medium., ex quo simul rem esse et quae sit eius natura cognoscamus. ita ut propositiones ex quibus demonstretur aliunde probari nequeant^ aut per terminum niedium es quo tiihil nisi rem esse intelligamus, ita ut propoCup.
8.

tione sumta.

sitiones ipsae aliunde probaYi et possint et debeant.

9.3

a 4

Nostram lectionera Boethius ,

244 b 36

vet. intp. lat.

Pliiioponus
I.

(v. schoi.

et 39), paraplir. Riccard. (v. supra

p. 58),

codices meliores et edd. ante Pac.

pleraeque tuentiir:
ex huius

quae
1

quomodo explicanda
stionem xov
bI

sit facile intelligitur

bI

libri cap.

et 2, ubi opponitur t6

bqtl toj xl eOxlv.

Nam

si

ad quaebcxlv.,

b0xlv

affirmatione responsum est oxl

Analytica posteriora.
quod idem esse docuit (90 a 14 sq.) xov sivai, ccTtkas xr^v oioiav (ut dixit 90al0). " Oinnis autem difficultas in eo est, quod Aristoteles non dixit xb alxLOV xov oxi bOxl. Apparet autem cur non sic dixerit: ambig^uum est enim xd oxi i6xt, quum et altcrum de altero praedicari (xb inl HBQOvg^ v. quae diximus ad 89b37) et rem ipsam exsistere significet: nam si affirmatur quaestio zov el <5Tt, non responderi non poterit OXL bCxlv^ quo quidem sensu si accipiatur to ort 0Tiv, a quaestione TOtJ ei 6xl non nisi eo differt, quod alterura affirmat quod per alterum (ei l'(jrt) dubitanter pronimtiatur et
quaeritur ro tl
l(JTt,

sive

t6

dicc xL Igtlv,

h. e. z6 aiTiov

in incerto relinquitur.

IIoc loco igitur Aristoteles dixit

si

z6xlv

pro affirmatione quae respondetur ad quaestionem xov si i6tLV, quam quidem affirmationem verbis OTt t6XL exprimere
noluit, ne quis haec (oTt habuimus cap. l et 2.
9.3

i.6xL)

eo sensu hic dicta putet

quem

a 5 Quum scimus quid aliqua res sit, causam per quam est cognoscimus, quod fieri non posset, nisi revera esset aliqua illius rei causa (notandum est quod Adyog liic non tam significat rationem propter quam allquid fiat quam conditionem Quae quidem causa si sine qua fiei-i omnino non possit). non in re ipsa posita est, sed aliunde petitur, demonstrationem definltionis in prima figura ita efficiet, ut definitio cogatur alia definitione iuterposita, quae termini medii locum
,

quae demondemonstrari non possit, nisi alia definitione assurata, quodamraodo definitio demonstrari potest, quodammodo non potest: nam altera suVs. 6 dediraus i, quod satis defenmitur, cogitur altera.
occupet et causam expriraat, ob quam
sit.

definitio

stretur vera

Quare quum

definitio

sura

putaraus

iis

quae dixiraus ad 65al9.

Lectionera

-^,

si

priraa fuisset et vera, in t

risimile.

mutatam esse certe non

est

vepee,

93al4

ovx,

av

dr} a^rdSfi^tg,

titione; v.

9Ia31

et

.iG.

quum non
xa

fiat sine principii

Vs. 15 koyixbg 6vlXoyi6^6s, h.

dTCodeLxxLOiG)
.,

dtaAEJCTtxdg, qui opponitur

v.

quae dixiraus

Plura quara quae Aristoteles et dixit et in mente habuit e voce Aoytxog extorsit Biese I. p. 29.i: Uiels gehort' der Thiitigkeit des Denkens an, welche das Allgeraeine als

ad 82 b

35.

wesentliche Bestiramung daraus ableitet", neque rectius quod

hoc locoilla voce significetur interpretatiis estRassowp.20not.

Analytica posteriora.

395
similes

93al6
Phil.

ditovTsg

ndhv

l|

apz^g.

Hanc

et alias

locu-

tiones Aristoteli usitatissimas esse ostendit Ritter Gesch. der

III. p.

293.
i^

Cf. .316 b 18

dkla Tavva TiEiQatiov Xvblv'

dio

ndXiV

ovv olov
koind.

ih,

1355 b 24 ndXw dgxijs "^h^ dnoQiav Af Jtrfov. vnaQxijs OQiCdixsvoL avxr]V ris f(Jrt, Xiyco^sv xa
xi

1041 a 7

bs XQ^j ^iysLV xal Snolov xl xijv odciav,

ndhv

dV.r]v olov dQxrjV noLtjGd^svoL kiyoj^sv.

SLQij^d^co

1300 a 10 dkla

nsQL }isv xovxcov snl xo6oi)xov

vvv, nsQL ds xas xav

KQXoov xaxaGxdasLS nsLQaxsov s^ dQx^s dtsk^slv. 655 b 28 vvv 8s liya^sv ovv aTc' dQxijs ndhv dQ^d^svoL nQcoxov dno xav
nQcbxcov.

Cui quidem dicendi formulae, per

quam ad quae-

sunt aliae, per quas propositam quaestionem ipsam incipere solet: 1396 b 23 QG>xov d' SLnafisv nsQL av dvayxalov slnslv nQaxov. 646 a 3

stionem ab

initio institutam revertitur, similes

rds 8' alxias nstQa%a^sv sinslv nsQi xs xav xoLvav xal xav idiav dQ^d^svoL., aa^dnsQ dtaQiCa^sv, nQaxov dnb xav nQcoxav.
1447 a 12 o^oias 8s %dx nsQi xav aXlav o6a
iis^odov
.,

rijs ai5-

rijs sOxl

dQ^d^svoi xaxd (pvdiv nQaxov dnb xav nQcoxav. Idem fere habemus 164 a 22. 436 a 6 nsQL xal nQcdtov nsQL xav nQcbxav. ds xav koinav Xiya^sv
liyay.sv
,
,

339 a 10 cob' ovv dQ^d^svoL kiya^sv nsQl avxav nQcbxov. 539 a 2 nsQL xav ysviosav avxav XoLnbv QlsX^sIv xal nQarov nsQL xav nQcoxav. 737 b 25 vvv 8' dnb xav nQcoxav dQxxiov nQaxov. 93al7 Sicut causam rei quaerimus, si eam esse cognovimus interdum autem simul rem esse et per quam causara sit intelligimus, neque tamen causam novisse possumus, priusquam, ita etiam rei num res sit necne , perspectum habeamus naturam explorare uon licet, antequam sciamus num ipsa sit an non sit. lam (vs. 21) num aiiqua res sit cognoscere putaftius et quum novimus aliquid eorum quae non necessario cum ea coniuncta sunt et quum novimus aliquid eorum quae m ipsa rei natura posita sunt (cf. 402 b 17, quera locura adscri' psimus ad 71 b lOsubfin.). Acilla quidem, quippe ex quibus ne
,

colligi quidera recte possit

nura res ipsa

:

sit

necne, nullo raodo

ref erri possunt

sit

ad ipsam rei naturam nara quura quid res explorare nequeat qui nura sit ignoret, ad ipsara rei naquara
niliil

turara

definitio

expriraere

debet
iis

investigandara ista
(vs. 27)

certe

oranino

faciunt.

Ex

vero

quae nerei

cessario

cum

re coniuncta sunt faciiius

est

de

natura

396

Analytica posteriora.

coniecturam capere, ita qiiidem ut quo melius illa cognoscamus, eo raelius etiam ipsam rei naturam perspectam liabearnus.

93a2T Dedimus
supra

fitjdsv^ quod ctiam Boethius habet, quamquam auctor paraphr. Riccard. et Prodr. legisse videntur fiyds (v.
^rjTsl.

I. p. 58). Cf. 1041 a 24 si yag ^rj ovrojg, ov&lv 1025 b 30 dvBV ys xovtov xb ^tjxsiv ^rj&iv 6xi noulv , quae diximus ad 16a26 et ad 16 b 4.

coU.

93a32

TOVTO, intell.To ^rjxslv x6 By xb ^i^ov. Qui

investigat, in

medium

termi-

num
\\.

causam

inquirit,

ex qua demonstrari possit

(ti

terminum
e.

de termino

praedicari

s6xt

loyos avxov,
(vs. 34),

xov

exXsiTCttv xrjv Oskrjvijv)., vei quaerit

causam
,

ob quam alterum de altero aut praedicandum sit aut negandum (JioxsQag xijs dvxLq)d6S(6g sCtcv 6 koyog li. e. noxsQov eGxt Xoyog x^g xaxacpdescog ^ x^g d7ioq)dascog ^ TtotSQOV xrjv
&s6iv aiQsl 6 Xoyog ^ x^v dvx{d^s6iv).

93a36 Dedimus dt' das6c3V, quod bene notatum est in marg. ed. Isingr., quamquam vulgarem lectionem Boethius, vet. intp. lat. et plerique codd. exhibent. Nostram, quam Prodr. et paraphr. Riccard. praebent, sensus requirit nam quod Aristoteles dicit est hoc. Et rem esse et causam per quam sit
:

intelligimus,

si

propositiones, ex quibus demonstravimus, ipsae

si

aliunde probari non possnnt;

possunt,

rem

esse cognosci-

mns, causam vero ignoramus. Quare quum nostram iectionem omnia quae Aristoteles antea disputavit de cognitione Toz) dioti et de discrimine, quod intersit inter scientiam toi' et ipsa exempla quae sequuntur comproOTt. et xov diOXi bent, non video quo iure C. KVihn, qui (I. 1. p. 23 not.) unus lectionem di' dns6cov restitui vult, reprehendatur a Bonitzio (Jen. Littztg. 1845. 215). Namque in exemplo quod adiicitur vs. 37maiorem terrainura (A) de raedio (B) praedicariveredemonstratur per novum terminumraedium, quiverara defectionis
,

causara patefaciat, xrjv dvxiq}Qa^tv

sit,

xrjg

y^g, vel,

si

alia

causa

xyv dii66^s6iv: significatur enim novus terminus medius b 6 verbis xovto d' s6tlv 93a37 Quura nihil appareat (oVtos cpavsQov: nam q^avsQov est id quod ocnlis cernitur, v. quae dedimus ad 76bn), quod inter nos et lunara iuteriectum sit, fieri non potest, ut luna,
xrjv 6xQ0(priv

T^g

6skr]vr]g

7]

. .

dum

plena

sit,

xr^v 6sli]vr]v).

obscuretur

(6>(.iav ^fj

dvva^d^at notslv,
,

intell.

Dedimus %av6sKiqvov

quam quidem

for-

Analytica posteriora.

397

inam etiam Bkkus recepit 372a27, 599bl6, 177b21, 912a5; 404 a 4, 769a29 et b2: quare etiam 680 a 32 scriSimiiem genitivi usum (nara beiidura erit 7tav6EhjV0ig. navGskijvov idera est quod TtavGEX^^jvov ovtog) habes 347 b 26
7Cav67iQui.tt

fivixai

(5'

d^cpco al^Qiag rs Tial vrjvs^iag.

Ib.

b 1

aiTiov d'

o^oiwg C067CEQ otc evdiag ^lv yivstat, ^^ftjUcovog d' ov. 889 b 18 ovds yaQ dcpaiQovCLV (tcc dsQnata) ij^EQav tivav. Adiicimus aiios quosdam locos quibus genitivo liberius utitur, quaraquam horum non eadem ratio est. 352 a 9 oTtBQ Gvu^s^rjTiB
Tjjs 'Eklcidog xccl tieqI

tijv 'AQysicov

xal MvKrjvaicav xcoquv.

893 b 3 ^rjQaivo^svai dh (at tQixsg) ^rjQOtsQai yivovtai' tb yccQ vyQov ^aXaxov. ai 8s tav (zv&qcjtccov sXdttco ^sv, fidlKov bs tfjg aQxfjg (quod quomodo et inteiligendum et excu-

sandum

sit docet quod praecessit a39 (iaxQccv trjg aQxrjs). 695 b 2 to ds tcov ix&vav ysvog stc fidXXov xsxoko^cotac tcov SKtbg fioQicov. 1124 b 11 xt dvtsvsQystcnbg tcXslovcov (6 740 a 26 dcb ^^pijrat t^ vOtSQCc xal fcsyaXoii^vxog sGtiv).

sxovO]]., coGtcsq yfi cpvtov., tov Kaa^dvscv tQocpyv. 93 b 13 Sin autem etiam alius terminus medius inveniri potest, per quem cogatur propositio AB, is quoque una ex reliquis definitionibus notionis A non esse non poterit. 93 b 15 Apparet, ait, ex iis quae disputavimus, non demonstrari quidem definitionem, sed tamen syllogismo facto patefieri, unde clarum est ipsam rei naturam, quae definitione exprimi debet, si caiisam quandara habeat externara, ut aiiunde probanda sit, neque cognosci sine deraonstratione neque per ipsam demonstrationem. Particuiae ^sv vs. 15 respondere videtur de TS. 21 , particulae ^sv vero vs. 16 respondet ^svtoc Vs. 20 sv tocg dca7tOQ^(ia6cv, v. cap. 3. vs. 17.
T-^

Cap.
esse

9. Sunt quaedam scientiae principia quae neque neque cur talia sint qualia sunt demonstrari potest.
.,

93 b 23 dXkov

tQo^tov., sive

inductione sive syllogisrao facto, qui

sive

posita alia definitione aliam cogat,

tione effici possit, ut principia raanifesta fiant.

rabl, quem locum dediraus ad 72bl8: unde apparet non probanalia

quacunque

Cf. 1098

dam

esse explicationera
.

quam

dedit

Rassow

p. 25.

93 b 25 tav d' sxovtcov Quura vs. 2 praecesserit tSiv rc s6ri ta (lEV dfisGa . ., pergere debebat ta d' exovta p,s6ov. Particiila xal vs. 26 explicandi vim habet. Eundem eius sensum
. . .

398

Analytica postcriora.

habiiimiis 15 b 23, 65 b 10, qiiibiis add. 255 b 33 xccl rd ts ^ia

icai vji'

TfaQcc

(pvGLV

(xivov^sva y.ivuxai) jidvxa vno XLVog nal

dXXov.

161 b 2M

xavxa

6'

etr]

x^iQco

xav

iQcoxrjd^Bvxav
,

xal Tjxxov svdo^a xov CvfiTtEQCcG^axog.

ciim adscripsimiis ad 19 b 6.

1004 b 27

qiicm io-

Cap. 10.
satn per

Definitio aut
res est
,

nomen

rei explicat

37

aiit

cau-

quae quidem demonstretur an non demonstrata sumatur, non Breviter recensentur quae adhuc esposita sint.
patefacit,

quam

definitio
refert.

num

94al4

93b31

olov xb..., h.

ycovov xaO"' avxo.

e.

oXov xb xl 6rjfia[vL o loyog xov xql-

Vs. 33 %aXi7cbv

8'

ovxag
fieri

.,

Ii.

e.

ddv-

vaxov
fistv...

d'

86x1

x xov

loyov xov

xi

CrjfiaivH ksyovxog Xa-

Difficile

Cf. quae dedimus ad

enim hic 8a29.

dicit

quod

omnino nequit.

30. Vs. 35 Xoyog 8' elg, de Qov respiciunt ad 92b28 quo V. quae diximus ad 17al5. 94 al Definitio rei, qua eius causa explicatur, quasi deraonstrat quid res sit et non nisi &86l a demonstratione diifert: nam qui demonstrat cogit xb A (xb ^qovx&v) vndQXBtv xa F (xa

Vs. 34 verba ^tQi^xaL TtQoxe-

VBcpu) Sta xb

{xi]v dTCoC^sGLV jcvQog), dicit igitur stvac

xb

A
rit

dca xb B.

cpH.

enim xi Quare qui

Qui definit idera dicit, iicet alio modo: quaeeCxl ^QOvxrj; respondet jtvQbg dnoG^sdtg iv vdefinit, is

conclusionem,

quam

cogit qui de-

Aliud desuratum illustravit C. Kiihn p. 21. Aristotelis verba haec sunt: 413 a 13 ov yccQ fiovov tb oxL 8bl xbv oQiGxLicbv Koyov brjXovv, aGjtSQ ot nXttGxoL
finitionem demonstrat,

non demonstratam pronuntiat.

il^vxfjg

exemplura e

iibris JtSQl

tav

OQcav XiyovGtv, dXXcc xal xrjv aixiav lvv7tdQ%BLV xal

sfi-

(paivBG&at.

vvv

8'

aGnBQ

0vyinBQd6fia\r' ot Xoyot

xav OQav
6q&ofis^rjg

iieiv oiov
3tBQd6fiaxog.
BVQB6ig.i

xi b6xl XBXQayavL6fi6g ; xb 'i6ov BXBQOfirjycBt

ycbvLOV BLvaL l^oTtXBVQOv.

6 8s xoLoijxog OQog X6yog xov 6v(i-

6 8b ksyav oxt b6xlv 6 xBXQayavL6fibg

xov nQdyfiaxog XsysL xb atxtov. Cf. C. Heyder Krit. Darst. der Arist. u. Heg. Dial. I. p. 280. 94all Definitio aut suraitur non demonstrata aut non nisi &b6BL (sive jtxco6BL, de qua v. quae dixiraus ad 16 bl) differt a
deraonstratione (quod raodo habuiraus) aut conclusione sjllogisrai expriraitur, qui alia definitione sumta aliam cogit (v.
cap. 8).

Quid

sit

oQL^fibg Aristoteles dixit 72 a 1

ubi defi-

Analytica posteriora.
nitionis

notionem per negationem exprimit. qiiamquam ipse

inteilexit

unumquodque melius per affirmationem quam per negatio-

nem
(Jrfc

definiri

(quod patet ex

iis

quae

dicit

102 b 10

ds

rav rov

Gvfi^B^Tjxorog oQiOfiav 6 dsvrEoog ^sXrlav).

Quare melior est definitio quam liabemus 1037^25 dsl da yB 6 yaQ OQKj^bg Xoyog rlg tGrtv V Btvai o6a iv ra OQLCfxco slg xal ovGiag, &0&' evog ri.vog dft avrbv slvai Xoyov xal" ovQ^sv yaQ srsQov yaQ rj ovoia ev ri xal rods. rt Grjixalvsi iGnv iv ra OQiG^icp Ttlrjv ro rs TtQarov Xsyo^svov ysvog xal
'

. .

at diacpoQai.
iGrlv.

143 b 20 x 8s

103 b 15 6 oQiGixog sx ysvovg xal dtacpoQav rr^g diacpOQ&g nal rov ysvovg 6 rov
101 b 39 sGn

d' OQog ^sv loyog 6 rb ri dnodidorat 6s t] 2.6yog dvr' dvd^uarog ^ Xoyog dvrl koyov. 1012 a 23 d yaQ Adyog, ov rb ovofia GijSubtilius de hac re disserit 1030 a 7 pLslov, OQiG^bg yivsrai. OQiGyLog d' iGrlv ovx av dvofia Xoycp radrb Grj^aivr]^ ndvrsg

iXbovg sGrl Xoyog.

rjv sivat Grjiiaivav.

yccQ

av Eisv ol Xoyot oqol dXV sav scQcorov nvbg roi6' sGrlv oGa Xsysrai ^ir] ra dXXo xar' dXXov XsysG&ai. De oQiGriXG) Xoyca v. quae disputavit Trendelenbg. de anim. in Addend. Eodem sensu, quo OQog saepius significat rem vel conditionem sine qua aliquid esse vel fieri non possit (v. quae dixiraus ad 24bl6), usurpatur etiam verbum OQi%Siv: 435 b 16 navrbg [isv yccQ alG^r^rov VTiSQ^okr] dvatQsl rb alG^r^ri^Qiov., coGrs xal rb dnrbv rr]v dcpiqv, ravrr] 6s coqlGrai rd t,r]V. Praeter ea quae iam habuimus definitionis notio variis modis ab Aristotele exprimitur: 618 a 34 d Xoyog 1020 a 18 d Xoyog 6 ri sGn Xsyav^ 6 OQi^oiV rr]V ovGiav 1023 b 23 d Xoyog 6 6r]Xav sxaGrov 7 1 5 a 5 d Xoyog rijg ov^ Giag., ibid. vs. 8 d Xoyog (cf. quae diximus I. p. 270), ubi d Xoyog, quum numeretur in quattuor causis, de quibus dicemus ad 94a20, idem est quod ro sl8og s. rj [lOQCp^. Conf. 335 b 7 6ib aal c5g ^sv vXr] roiJr' iGrlv aXnov rolg ysvrjrolg, ag 6b rb ov svsxsv rj [lOQCpr] xal rd sidog' rovro d' iGtlv 6 quare ut synonyma copulantur Xoyog 6 rrjg sxaGrov o^dGiag 1025 b 29 rd ri r)v slvai xal 6 Xoyog, 1107a7 ij oiGia xaX 6 Xoyog 6 ri r]v sivai AEycjv. 1017b 22 d Xoyog rov ri r]v sl.
.

'fj '

avra

.,

vai,

OQtGnog. 1031 a 12 ort ^sv ovv iGrlv 6 oQiGfibg 6 rov rt r]v sivai Xoyog xah rb ri r]v sivai j) uovav rav ovGiav iGztv r] (idXiGra xal nQcorag xal dnXag., ^rjXov. De formula rd rl r]v Sivai v. praeclaram
rjv

1030 b 26 rd ri

sivai xal 6

400

Analytica posteriora.

Trdlbgii commentationem in Mus. Rhcnan. 1828.

de

II, 4. p.457, 192, Biese I. p. 42T. not. 4, llassow p. 54 66, Quomodo differant xb xi '^v Zeil ad Eth. Nicomach. II, 6, 7. Eivai et t6 rl iGri bene exposuit KVilin p. 6. not., Bonitz. Jen.

aniin. p.

Littztg. 1845. no.

215

sq.,

C. Ileyder Krit. Darst.

II.

ii.

Vergl. etc.

Biese I. p. 366. not. 1. p. 251 sqq. not., quum ab aliis copiose disputatum sit,
illustrare satis
:

p. 35.

De

quibiis

paucis has formulas

habuimus 988 a 34 xd ds ri ^v sivat, ical T^v ovGiav 6a(pcjs ^iv ov&tis djttdaxe, y.dXi6ra 6' otTa eid^ ri^kvng XiyovGiv. 1029 b 13 y.a\ nQcorov Hnco^ev evLajtSQiavtov koyiicag, ori loxl xo xi rjv slvai sxa6xov 8 Xsysxai xaO'' avro... oTuds 8t] xovxo ndv... sv a ccga (ir^ svsGrai Xoycp avro Xiyovri avro ovrog 6 Xoyog xov xi i]v sivai sxdGrcp. 1030 a 4 orav 6' dXXo xkt' dXkov Xsyrjrai,, ovk soriv ojtso rods Ti. olov 6 Xsvxog dv&QOTtog ovx sGnv otisq x68s ti, sXnsQ xb
,

x68s

Xi xalg

ovolaig vndQXSL ^6vov.

..

coGrs xb xi tjv sivai sOxlv

odcov oXoyog sQtlv 6Qi6}i6g.

vovg sibav VTtdQxov rb

SKSivo 8s (pavsQbv
rjv

ri rjv

ova sGxat dQa ov&svl rav(i7]yEslvai, dXXd rovroig (i6vov. Ib. b5

xi dnXoig 6Qi6(ibg xat xb xi
8rj

on

TiQcorccig

slvai rd)v ovGlgjv sGriv.

1031 b 20 sk rs

rovrcov

rav

X6ycov sv xal xavxb oi xaxd 6v[i^s^7]xbg avxb snaGxov xal

xb xi
rjv

tlvai,

xai oTt ys xb sniGxaG&av

sxaGrov xovro

sGn xb

xi i]V slvai

sniGraG&at

dvdyxr] sv rt sivai dfiq^a.

xal xard rr]v sk9sGlv 1032 b 11 GVji^aivsi r^bnov XLva

,

coGrs

s^ vyisiag xr]v vyistav yivsG^aL nal xr]v oixiav s^ oiniag

x^g

dvsv
dvsv
slvaL.

vXr]g xijV

s%ovGav vXr]v
xrjg

'

rj

yaQ

iaxQL/i'^ sGxl

aal

iq

otxo-

8o(iLKr]

xb sibog

vyLsiag xal xrjg

oixiag.

Xsyca 8' ovGiav

xi i]V

vXr]g xb xi r]v sivai.

1035 b 32 sibog 8s Xsyo xb

1030 a 29 xb xi r]V sivai oiioiag vndQ^SL nQcbxcag (isv xal dnXag xtj ovGia slxa xal tolg aAAoig, aGTtSQ xal t6 xL sGxLV 0V1 dnXag xi r]v sivaL., dXXd noia rj noGa xi r]V sivaL. Quomodo explicandum sit tempus imperfectum in formula ti r]V SLvaL, haec exempla ostendunt: 1415al3 sv 8s xolg X6yoig xal snsGL Sslyfid sGxl rov X6yov , Lva nQOSL^aGL nsQL ov 1363 a 9 ov yaQ Ttdvr]v 6 X6yog xal [ir] XQSfirjraL rj didvoLU. xsg scpisvxai.^ xovr^ dya&bv r]v. 741 a 15 t ovv xb aQQSV sGxl
t6
xrjg xoLavxr]g noLr]XLxbv ijjvx^^g
, ,

onov

xsxcoQLGxaL xb Q^rjXv

xal xb dQQSv

dSvvaxov xb d^rjXv aiuxb s^ atJroi) ysvvdv t,caov t6 yaQ siQr][isvov r]v xb kqqsv sivaL. 424 a 31 tovto 6' rjv Tq ttXG^^riGLS (sic enim constitiitus est sensus et definitus et,

; '

Analytica posteriora.

'

401

qunm
xal
rl

recte definitus
Gv^KfCOvia
y.a\

sit,

haec seinper est eius natura), aGTCSQ

Unde

patet

legitur

rav xoq6g)v. quomodo intclligendum sit et expiicandum quod 419a9 rovto yaQ rjv avxb (sic Trdlbg. avxa Bkk.)
6 xovog XQOvofiivcav 6(p6dQa
,

xov aax' svsQysiav dtaq)avovg, et quae his sunt similia. De casu dativo cura verbo slvai coniuncto v. quae diximus ad 61bl2.
xb XQcoiiaxi sivat xb
7iiv)]XL'/iq}

slvai

Cap. 11. Rerum causae sunt qiiattuor , quae omnes per terminum medium et espri^mmtur et cognoscuntur. b 27 Etiam eiusdem rei duae simul esse possunt causae., ut si quid et consilio Jit

et necessario.

94a20 De

quattuor rerum causis v. Forchhammer Verhandlungen der sechsten Versammlung deutscher Philoll. und 89. 778 b 8 ovx scoqov (ot aQScliulmm. Cassel 1844. p. 84 Xalot (pvOioldyoL) 7i?,SL0vg ot}0as xag aixiag^ dkXa [lovov xtjv

xijg vkrig jcal xijv xrjg xivijoscog

61 xov Xoyov xai

snsl
fiTjv

xal xavxag cxdioQiGxag xijg x^gxov xskovg dvSTtL^xsTCTCCig sixov. 983 a 24 ds cpavsQbv oxi xav s^ aQxrjg aixiav dsl ka^slv stilcjx^(xoxs yccQ sidsvai cpa^isv xa6rov, oxav xr^v 7iQc6xr]v al, ,

riav OLco^sx^a yvcoQL^scv)

y,Lav (isv ttixiav cpa^sv

ra
sig

d'

atxLa Xsysxai xsrQaxag

cjv

sivat rijv ovGiav

xal rb ri

rjv sivai

{dvdysrai yccQ rb
xal dQxrj rb
aSLfisvov
rtjv
,

dLa ri

rbv Xoyov s6xaxov,

aXxiov 8s

Slcc ri

TiQaxov), sxtQav ds xrjv vkrjv nal xb vno-

XQixrjv ds

o^sv

iq

dQxrj rrjg XLV^ciscog, rsraQrrjv ds

,

dvrLxSL^svr]v

alriav ravry

rb ov svsxa

ical

rdya^ov

194 b 24 ovv XQOTCov ULXiov kiysxai rb s^ ov yivsrai n ivdkkov ds rb sidog aal rb JtaVTtaQxovrog (cf 1013 a 24) QadsLy^ia' xovro 6' sGxlv 6 koyog 6 roi) ri rjv sivat xal rcc Tovrov ysvrj sxl o^sv ri dQxrj r^g (isxa^okijg rj jtQcoxr] ^ xovxo 8' sGxi rb ov svsxa. rijg i^QSfi^6s(og sxl ag xb xsXog Cf. 455 b 15. 1044 a 32 orav 8i] Ttg ^^ttj ri rb aXrtov , stcbI nXsovax&g xa aLxia Xsysrai, naGag 8sl ksystv rag sv8sxo}ibvag airiag. olov dv&Qconov rig aixia cog vXrj; ccQa ra xaraH^via; ri 6' <og xlvovv ; aQa rb GnsQfia; ri 8' cog rb siSog; tb ri rjv sivat. ri 8' cog ov svsxa ; rb rskog. LGcog 8s xavxa cc^icpa tb avxo. 8sl 8s xa syyvxaxa aXria Xsysiv. rig rj vXrj dkkcc rr]v l8lov. et quae sequuntur, quamfirj nvQ rj yijv, quam 195 b 22 8bI d' al, inquit, rb aXtLOV sxdorov rb dxQorskog yciQ ysvsGsag xal
[isv
'ALVTjGscog JiaGijg

rovr' sQriv.

sva

'

11.

26

402

Analytica posteriora.

ratov t,r]tEiv. 115 a 4 vTtoxsivtai yag altiai, tsttagBg, t6 ts Ov avena c5g tskog, xal 6 loyog trjg ovGiag. tavta ^\.v ovv ag ev ti CxeSov vTtoka^elv del (I99a."il %al ItisI rj q^vGig ditt^, TJ ^ev ag vktj rj d' cog fioOqj^, tslog 6' avtr] tov teXovg 6' evexa tdkka, avtt] av tlr] iq altla rj ov Evtna)., tgitov da xal titaQtov rj vXr] xal 6&ev rj aQxr] trjg xivrjeEog. Quare qiiattuor cansac, quas Aristoteles plerumque agnoscit, ad tres i-educuntur 315 b 5 cog ^EV vXr] tovt' eOtIv aXtiOV tolg yvr]tOis (ro dvvatbv Eivai xal fir] Eivai intell.) cog Ss TO oi) EvEKEv 7] ^oQopr] xt to t5og tovto d' E0xiv 6 koyog 6 tr^g BKaOtov ovOiag. dEi ds TtQoGsivai xal tr]V tQitrjv., quam significat ib. vs. 30 dicens trjg {.ilv yaQ vXr]g tb tcccgx^^v 0rt xal tb xiVEiOd^aL tb dh mveiv xal jioleIv EtEQag Svvd,

^Ecog.

(Cf.

H24bl4

sCti

8s tb

7C0Lr]tLxbv

aXtiov tog oxfEV

rj

aQxr] tr]g xivr]6E03g.,

tb

6'

ov evEza ov

TCOirjtLOiov.)

Inter2.5

dum

etiara tres

causae ad
Eig
,

unam
8'

reduci possunt: 198 a

eq-

XEtttL bs

ta tQia

tb ev noXldmg tb

tb (iev yaQ ti E6tL xal

%ivr]6Lg TCQatov

tb ov evExa ev EOti

o^ev ^

ta

Eidat

tavtb tovtoig

dvd^Qmjtog yaQ dv&Qconov yEvva.

,

quam vs. 24 verbis rd ts yaQ 24 b 19 tE&svtav tivcijv) significat, qnod iilustratur iis quae legnntur 195 a 18 at VTCoQ^EdEig tov 6v^TCEQdo^atog ag tb e^ ov aXtid EGtiv. 1013 a 15 xal yaQ avtr] aQxr] XEyetai tov TCQdyfxatog, oiov tav dnobEii^Ecov al vtco1013 b 17 t^ ^ev yaQ GtOiXEia tav Ovlka^av naX rj ^EGEig.
ov 6vtog...
(cf.

Primum agamus de vh]

vXy]

tSrv

CKEvaOtav nal tb tcvq aal

,

rj

yrj

xai td toiavta
iinde

Tcdvta tarv Ga^dtav.^ aai td ^EQr] tov oXov xal ai VTCo^eGEig

toi) Gv^TCEQdCfiatog
cjg

tb e^ ov aXtid EOtiv

apparet

verbis ov ovtog significari tr]v drg ev vXr]g eX8el ti%E^ivr]v alriav.,

iit

dicit

318 a 9. 192 a31 Xsyca yaQ

oi)

vkr]i>

tb tcqcjtov vtcofir]

xsifievov EKdOtcp, s^
^e^r^Kog.
eXxe

yivEtai tc EvvTtdQxovrog
eig

xatd
.,

dvfi-

cp&siQEtaL

tovto

dq)i'^EtaL

sGxatov

crOtB

Eq)daQ^Evr]

eOtaL

TtQiv q)daQr]vaL,

194 b 7 ev ^ev ovv tolg

xatd tExvr]v

'^^slg noiOVfiEv tr]v vlr]v

tov EQyov
rj

EVExa., EV
vlr]'

8e tolg q)v6iK0ig vnaQxEi ov6a.

exL tcbv TCQog tc

dkkcp

yaQ

eX8el dkkr] vkr].

124 a 24 o6a ag

e^ vkr]g

yiyvEO&aL td

yLyvo^Eva keyofiEV, ek tivog evvicdQXOvtog xal 6%r]^ati6%evtog tb okov 6tiv: quare 186 b 21 tr]V qicDvr^v appeiiat vkr]v tov koyov et 641 b 25 tr]v q)v6LV 8L%cbg kEyE6d^aL dicit, tr]v ^ev drg vkrjv rr]v 8' ag od6iav ubi vkr] ov6ia itera piane oppo,

Analytica posteriora.
nitiir sicut (iOQ(p7i

403

335 a 30:
si

nam

ficat

quod eidog

vel ^OQCprj,

iilo loco OT^Gta idem siniEandera significationem ovCta

^

Aidetur liabere 1049 a 25

dh ti loxL TiQatov

o firjxhi xaz^

dXXo (Bkk. dlXov^ quamquam lectionem dkko. quam codd; inarg. praehent coli. scliol. Brandis. l<S2a8 et 10, et sensus aperte postulat et ea comprobant quae legimtur in fine

'Kaxd Ti,v vkr^v xal xa ndxfYi) XtyixaL exeivLVOv

vkij

olov

ij

yfj deQLvr]

6 d' drjQ

fitj
.

tcvq
.

nvQ
(\\.

vkrj TCQcrxr]

e.oLra fihv

ag tods xl ycaX oiudia ovv ovtag exsl, (JO'' vKoxSLdd^at

.

xovxo TiQcoxt] ^ dkka nvQLVog xb oGa (.isv ovv ovxa

.,

tolg 7cd%e6L xal

TCQata keytOd^aL ixdvLva), t6 eOxatov ovcia

dXX'
vXyj

o6a ds

}irj

ovxcog

eidog

tc

xal tods ti to nat r]yoQOV}isvov .

vlL/(.rj.

xb s6xaxov

xal ovoia

xal OQd^ag

6rj

6vu(iaivSL xb sxeivcvov

XaysG^ciL

xaxd xtjv 324 b 4 o6a pLSV ovv

vXrjv xal
^7]
,

td
d'

jcd&r]

di.i(poj

sv vky

^'^^ft-

xrjv ^OQcpiqv
,

yaQ doQLCxa. xavxa iisv ,

tr]V pLSV

d7Ca%f]
yccQ

tav

TCOLrjtLxav

o6a
,

sv vk]]
sltcsIv

7ca&r]tixd.
avxf]i'

vkY]v

ksyo^sv

ofioicog

ag

ttjv

sivaL

xav
tcc

dvtLKSL^svav ozoxsQOVovv
sYdr]

a6JTSQ
rj

ysrog
vkr]

6v.
j]

Ib.

18

d'

ncd xa tskr] s^SLg tLvsg,

fisv

d'

vkt]
,

Jia&r]tL'A6v.

1024 b 9 t6

ovv ysvog to6avtaiag ksystac

6'

t6 fisv aatd
kl-

yivs6LV 6vvs)rfi xov avtov sY8ovg, xb 8s y.axa xb rcQatov

V7]6av ofLosidsg, tb

ov ydg tj diacpogd xal rj tcolorr]g s6tL, xovx' s6xLtb vTCOxsifiSvov^ o ksyonsv vkr]v. 1054 b 28 Tcdv yaQ xb dcaipsQOV dLatpsQSL ?} ysvsL rj sYdsc, ysvsL ^sv av
vkr]'
H'^ 6'

ag

s6xL
ij

TCOLvf]

7]

vkr] }ir]ds ysvs6Lg slg dkkr]ka.

tj

1036 a 9 vkrj
(isv
rj

fisv al6^r]tr] s6tLV

8s vorjf^,
,

ai^&r^tf]
vorjtf]

olov

jjaA,-

xog xal ^vkov xal

6d'r/toig

o6r] xLvrjtfj vkr]

fif]
,

8s

sv tolg al-

VTcdQiov6a
ot5

jj

al^Q^r^td^

olov

td

fia^yuatLxd.
,

1042 b 6
ocal

yaQ dvdyxt]

el tc vkr]v s^sl to7CLXi]v

ysvvr]xfjv xal <p%aQxf^v s^slv.

fif]

1036 b 35 s6xaL yuQ

vkr]

vkr]

tovxo xal sviav

/ti?^

al6\tr]xav'

xai Tcavxbg yaQ

tig

s6xlv 8

s6xi

ti rjv SLVai aal sibog

f]

avtb
rj

xa%'^

avxb dkkd x68s

8r]?^ov 8s

xl... s6tL

yaQ
(isv

vkf]

TJ

{isv
1]

al6%ritfj
TCQCoxr],

bs vorjt^.

Kal otc

i]

dv&QaTCog ^ to 1042a27 s6tL 8' ov6La th t,aov xb sh, dficpoiv ag xa&6kov. VTCOTLSiyiSvov . dkkag fisv r] vkr] {vkr]v 8s ksya ^ (ir] tods tc ov6a svsQysia 8vvd(iSL s6tL t68s Tt) d?.kag 6' 6 Aoyog xal iy (lOQCpT] o t68 Tt ov ta k6y(p xaQL6t6v s6tLV. 1045 a 36
4'^%*]

od6ia

tb 8s 6a[ia

vkrj,

d'

o6a 8s

(if]

sjijE.L

vkrjv

(Liqts vor]tf]v

(i^xs ai6&r]t^v

s^vg

26 *

404
oxBQ av

Analytica posteriora.
VL slvai hotiv

exadtov

cjGjieq

xal

otieq

6v tl, tb

tods, tb Ttoiov, tb TCoGov.

Plerumque opponitur ffi vX^ tb iidog s. ij ^OQCp^ (de qua quideni oppositione v. quae disputavit C. Ileyder Kritisclie Darst. u. Vergl. der Arist, u. Ilegelschen Dialektik. Erlangen 184.5. I. p, 182. not.) ea causa, quae efficit, ut quaeque res certam quandam formam indiiat: 1901)20 tpavBQbv ovv cog, sYtcsq sioiv aitiai xal dQ%ai tav cpvast dvrcai/, e^ C3V TtQCOtojv eioi, xal yeyovaOi ^rj xata 0v^^e(irjxbg dlk' sxa6tov 6 Ksyetai xata ti]v ovGiav oti yiyvstai nav sx ts tov vjToxeifievov xal r^g ^oQq^ijg. 412 a 8 Xsyofiev 8rj ysvog ev ti tav 6vt(ov tr^v ovGiav tavttjg 6s tb fisv cog vkrjv, o xaS"' avtb ^sv ovx sGti toSs rt, etSQOv 8s yLOQCpriv xal slbog^ xaO'' ^v ij8t] Xsystai tods ti, xal tQitov tb sx tovtav. (Quare etiam coniunguntiir tb sidog xal ovCia: 10.10 a 5 ta trj ysvsGSivGtSQa ra sYdsi xal tTj ovola TTQotSQa.) 193a.'-<0 eva fisv oiv tQOJtov ovtag rj tpiiOig keyetai, 7} jCQCotr] sxdota vTCoxsifxsvf] vXtj tatv
,
,

Bx6vtG)v sv avtolg aQpiv xivi]0scog xai ^sta^oXijg.,

dXXov 8s
735 a 2
rj ij

XQonov iq yaQ tsxvrj

tijg

^OQfpri xa\ tb sidog tb

xata tbv Xoyov.

,

dQxrj xal ei8og toxj yivofisvov

dkX' ev etSQCO'

8s

eXovOrjg tb

dcp' stSQag ovOa (pvosag r-^g 379 b 2.5 t6 8s tskog tolg fiev 7] cpvOig eOti, cpvOig 8e ijv Xsyousv ag eiSog xal oioiav. 10.32 b 1 jro tsxv7]g 8s yiyvstai oOav tb sibog ev tj] ipvxj]. 730 b 12 ov8' djcb toij tsxtovog TCQbg tr]v tav ^vXcav vkr]v oijt' djcsQ-

(pvoscog xivrjOig

sv

avta

sibog svsQysia.

XStai ov%^sv ,

oi5t
7]

fioQiov o^d&sv eOtiV ev

pLOQcpi]
tT]

ta yiyvofisva T^g
exeivov syyivstai
j]

textovixijg

dXk'

xa\ tb eibog
,

djc'

8ia xa\

tijg
7]

xiViqGsag sv

vky

xai

jy

fisv iJvxt] sv

tb sibog

S7Ci0t7]fir]

Tiva xivrjOiV

...

XiVovOi tag x^^Q^? '^ "^^ fxoQiov stSQOv noiav ai 8s x^iQ^S '^oti ta OQyava tr]V vXr]v. 403 b 2
,

rovtav ds 6
Xoyov.

fisv tr^v vkr]v

6 fisv

dno8i8aOiv 6 8s tb sibog xa\ tbv yuQ koyog Si8og toij JCQdyfiatog dvdyxr] 8' ei.,

vai tovtov ev vkrj toia8i ,

roiovtog,
oti OxsjcaOfia
,

el

eotai

aOjceQ oixiag 6 (isv koyog

vtc'

xakvtixbv cpf^oQdg

dvsfiav xaX

dfi^Qav xa\ xavudtav 6 8s cpiqOSi ki%ovg xa\ nkiv&ovg xai ^vka, etSQog 8' sv toTjtOig tb sibog, evexa tav8i. 414 a 9 tovrav d' 1] fiev smOf^fir] te xa\ vyisia fioQCpr] xa\ Si86g ti xat

kdyog xa\ olov svsQyeia tov 8extixov (item 328 b 11 tb 8extixbv opponitur ta ei8ei, ut iliud vkr]v significet), '^ fiev roij 3iiOtr](iovixov 7] 8s tov vytaonxov ... 7] ipvxr] 6h rovto a
,

Analytica posteriora.

405

^&fiev xcd al69av6fi^a xal diavoov^s9a Ttgatag^ &6r Adyog rig av sXrj jcl eidog, dkk' ovx vXri xal rb vnoKH^evov. Item 640 a 23 opponiintur ildog et vkri, additiir autera vs. 28 yag xara rijv fiogcprjv (pv6ig xvQKorega rijg vXcxrjg q>v7} cecjg (cf. 1041 b 8 t6 aXriov t,r]relrai rijg vkrjg' rovto d' (5rl

t6 eidog
jiagexerai

rl

eGnv

rovro

8'

rj

ov6ia)'.

729 al ro

fiev ccQQev
,

ro re eidog

xal rijv aQxrjv rrjg XLV^Geag

t6 8e

d^Au t6 6a>^a xal

xeQag
6 koyog VTtccQxei

rijV vXi]v.

7.'V2a3 ^ekriovog 8e xal ^eiorijg

rr^v q)v0iv ovGrjg

/cat

T^g alriag
eiSog rijg

XLVOvGrjg TtQcorrjg,

jj

t6

vAr;g,

^eXrcov xal rb xe-

XOQia^aL t6 x^ErrTov rov ^^aipovog. 8ia roiir' ev o6oig ev8exeraL xat xaS"' o6ov evdexeraL, xexcoQL6raL rov &^keog t6
ccQQSv.

^ekriov yccQ xal &eL6reQ0v

vTcaQxet

rj

(xqx^ tijg xLvrjoeojg,

ij

ccQQev

xolg yivo^ievoLg
eTiel

vkrj

1401)25 sqq. 165 b 11 dkk'

nerreiv xai

t6

rb ^ &iilv. Conf. aQQev xl t6 &i]kv 8lco8e

QL6xaL 8vvd^eL xlvl xal d^vvauia,

t6 ^ev yccQ
,

8vvd;xevov

CvviCrdvai xe xal exxQLveLV GneQfia exov xrjv dQX^v xov e'i8ovg (quam 192 a 34 dicit xi^v xaxa xb ei^og dQDenique quomodo opponantur vkrj et ei8og X^/V) aQQev... \el maxime ex iis manifestum est quae de infinito dicuntur 201 a 26 '6XL yccQ xb dneiQOv xijg xov [leye^ovg xekeL6xr]xog
vkr] xal xb

6zov

fj

SvvdneL 6'Aov, evxekexeici dneiQov eibog yccQ ovx e^eL

8'
t]

ov...
vkr].

dt6 xal
Ib.

dyva-

TtfQLexs-

xttL yccQ

ag rj vkrj evxbg xal xb diieLQOV, JtSQLexei 8e xb si8og. Quare t6 nsQag et xa nd&rj constituunt t6 si8og: 209 a e6xL 8e xoLOvxov rj vkrj xal xb d^QiOxov oxav yccQ dcpaLQexf^
xcc

xb nsQag xal
vkrjv.

Quum

nd^r] xijg 6cpaiQag, keinexaL ov8ev naQcc xrjv supra viderimus sine discrimine saepius usurxr^v noQqjr/V et

pare Aristotelem
potest
cprjv
,

t6 ei8og.,
rt rjv

mirum

esse

non

quod coniungit 335 b 35 t6

eivaL xaX xrjv fiOQ-

quamquam
xal

latius patet (lOQcprj

1323 b 35 dv^Qia 8e noavxr]v

'exSL

kecog

8LxaL06vvr] xa\

q>Q6vr]6tg xrjv

8vvafiLV

xal fioQcpiqv et 131 b 4 xat

(pkei()

xr]g 8' avxijg fiOQCpijg s6xl

xal 8eQ}ia
ubi fioQ^prj

xal vfLijv xal

ndv xb

xoLOtJxov yevog,

non externam
ficat ex
tiori

rei figuram,

sed ipsius raateriae speciem signilocis

qua aliquid constet. Aliis accipiendum est: 339 a 29 nijQ

t6

i6os sensu la-

fiev xal yijv

ysvij rovxoLg

xsLfievov
fiL^LV,

xov vnospeciem habeant) xav yLyvofievcav aixLa xQr] vovkr]g sl8sl (ut
xccl

ag sv

quae materiae

xalxa 6vy-

xb yccQ vnoxeifisvov

ndcxov rovxov nQoOayoQSvo-

406
(isv

Analytica posteriora.
thv tgojtov. 665 b 8 aLfiarcodsCxEQa yag (t GnXdyiva vBoyvav) '/,a\ ^iyiGta %ata Xoyov dLcc tb Hvai to aidog
(tov aXyiatog
intell.)

tcfv

TTJg vkfjs

xal tb TiXi]dog ipLqjaviGtatov

tb Bidos cxternam speciera
ut

xata

tijV JtQatrjv

GvCtaGiv,

iibi

significat

quam materia quaedara habeat,

quodammodo

opponatur r^ /uoyqpj^ eo sensu acceptae quera raodo liabnimus 737 b 4. Postquam actionis cura syllogisrao si/nilitndinera o^tendit (de qua v. supra I. p. 372), addit 7(Ha23 ori ^iv ovv ij TtQd^LS tb 0v^7iBQa6^a (pavEQOV al 8b TCQoxdGBis ai
.,

TtOLrjtixal

dta dvo

ddav
et

yivovtai.,

di,d

ts
sl8i]

tov dya&ov xal

dLa tov

dvvatov
{}]

703 b 20 td yaQ
ij

tav

TCOLrjtLxav

7tQoO(pBQov6LV

vorjGis xal

(pavtadla):

propositiones, ex

quibus provenit actio tanquara conclusio, duplicera speciem habent nam si quid agiraus ant quod bonura sit consequi aut quod fieri possit efficere voluraus. De sXdsi et ^OQCpfj cf. praeterea quae dixit Biesel. p. 431). not. 1. Quomodo alia elementa fxdXXov sldos dicipossintaliis, quodhabemus 3l8b32:
;

Ttvsvfia

yaQ xal

drjQ

natd

(isv

Tr;i'

aiOd^rjOiV rjttov sOtiV

,

xata

d' dXrjd^siav

fidXkov tods rt xal sidos tavta

d'

ex

iis

apstil-

paret quae leguntur 339 a 16 tSTtdgcjv

ovtav tovtoov^ nv-

Qbs xal dsQog xal vdatos xal y^s

ijdrj

tb ^sv tovtoig 7td6LV

nvkdt,ov slvai nvQ^ tb d' vcpLdtd^svov yrjv et 335 a 16 svXoyov

tb (lovov
Ih,

tav anXCov
.

Gca^idtcjv tQSCpsGd^ai tb tivq

.

dndv-

tav

dXXijXav yivoasvtov

(iovov ydQ sCti xal (idkLGta tov

nvQ did tb nscpvxsvai cpSQSO^ai nQos tbv oqov. sxaOtov ds nscpvxBV sls tr/v savtov laQav cpSQSOd^aL' iq bs [lOQcprj xal tb sidog dndvtcav sv tols oqols. Cf. 201) a 9, quem locura V. supra, et de coei. 285 a 25, quera infra dabimus. Haud raro etiam Ibsa eodem sensu usurpatur atque tb sidog: nam illa voce etiam Aristoteles eo sensu saepius utitur quem apud Platonem habere solet (v. e. g. 137 b 3), a quo quidem usu haud raultum differt is quera liabemus 656 a 3
sXbovs tb

ovv tav cpvtav cpvOis ovGa (i6vi(ios ov noXvsLd-ijs i^'^1' JT^og yuQ dXtyas nQd^SiS oXlyov OQydvcov r) XQrjOiS' dib xtsaQrjtsov xa-Q'' avta nsQi tijsLdsas adtcav. xd ds nQbs ta ^rjv aiOQ^rjOiv sxovta noXvfioQcpotSQav s%si tr^v idsav: est enira in Jiis Idsa quod alias dicit tr^v ovolav vel tb ti riv slvat., quasi exeraplar quod naturae, dum singula procrearet, propositura esset. Cf. 380 b 30 Xsystai 8s xal X9'^(Jog s^^sed^ai xal ^vXov xal dXXa xoXXd^ xatd (isv tr^v idsav
rj

(isv

tcbv dvo(iOio(iBQO}V

Analytica posteriora.
(yd rrjv

407

avt^v, ^ifracpoQa

de.

avTr]'6tL, tb Xeyovta vrcdQxovta ddvvccta avvd^l^av.

1458 a 26 alvtypLcctog yccQ idaa 1449 b 8

tav
xijg

6e 'Jf&ijvijOi Kgdtrjs jtQatos '^q^bv dcps^svog f^g la^^i-

idang

xa^okov tiqihv koyovg xal ^v&ovg, de quo loco

II.

recte Biese

p. 09.5. iiot.

wo

die

individuelle Verspot:

tun^ durch

lau^LKTj

idea bezeiclmet wird"

liaec

enim car-

minis ianibici propria est,

quare

ia^^Lxrj

idea hic iambico-

rum, qualia et primitus erant et esse debent, carniinum naturam significat. Aliis locis idsa non tam rei naturam quam externam eius speciem significat: 1129a29 tj yccQ dLacpOQCc Tcokkrj (tav ouavv^cov) rj xata tijv idsccv. olov otl xakeitaL '/cXdg oiiwvv^cjg Q ts vnb tbv avykva tav t,cpov xal jj tag Cf. 5H()a.H> et llGIaS, Simile est quod Qi)Qag xXhovGlv. Iiabetur de coel. 285 a 25 si tb ^lv dvo e6tl tb o&Bv r] xLvrjGLg,

t6 dh ds^ibv
exoL

dcp'

ot;,

tb

6"

eig

tb TCQOOdev

ecp'

o,

xal

bvvanLV aQiijg tb dvco TCQog tdg dkkag Ideag, quamquam haud scio an hoc loco Idsa rectius ita accipiatur, ut sijrnificet speciem generi subiectam (coU. 205 b 32),
ovtcjg dv
tLvcc

evvdQCov t,cpcov tb tav ix%vcov yevog dnb tav ccklcov dcpcoQLOtai, Ttokkag TceQLexov ideccg. Motus causam appeilat 10:{>a25 ti^v dQxtjV T^g yeve6sc3g. Cf, lH5b2T ti (lev ovv eOtlv aXtLOV ag dQ%r] trjg tcsqI S/caGtov yeveGeog, xlvovv nQcatov xal brj^LOVQyovv, eiQTjtai. pjandem
sicut

504 b 14 tav

6'

ev

192 b 28 vocat

ttjv dQx,r]v trjg noL^aecog,

762

b.i

et 5

t}]V xl-

vovGav dQxrjv. Cf. 1044a."il drjkov otL ij texvr] xal rj aQXV] rj ag %ivovGa iq avtt]. Eandem denique dicit 989 a 25 tr]V tav XLVOVfisvcjv dQxrjv 441 a9 tb noLOvv alLttov, 992a26
,

tr]v aitiav o^fev Tr/v xLvi]tL'/irjV

rj

dQ^r] tijg {ieta(ioXr]g

142

."iO

t}]v dQ^rjV

xa\ yevvr]tLwqv , 129 a 13 tr]v dQxr]v tr]V Gvvl-

GtdGav.

De causa quae dicitur tb ov evexa v. quae disputavit Trendlb^. de anim. p. 355. 194 a 28 ^ 6e cpvGig tekog xal ov
evexa
T^ff
'

cov

yccQ

xivr^Gecog,

Gvvexovg trjg tovto eGxatov

XLvrjGecog ovGrjg eGtL Tt TiAog

jcal

tb

ov evexa.

6^6 al 6

yeXoiag nQorjx^r] einelv ^fj^ft telsvtrjv, r]GneQ ovvex* iyeveto". ^ovketai yccQ ov ndv eivai tb sGxcctov teAgs, dXlcc
noirjtrjg

tb (ieltLGtov.

altia' coGnsQ yccQ 6

'xax
r]

415 b 15 cpaveQbv 6^ (og xal ov evexev rj il^yXV vovg eveKci tov noceL, tbv avtbv tQonov
toijt' eGtcv

cpvGig.,
7]

xa\

ait^
'

tekog.

tOLoijtov 6' ev tolg

yccQ

t,cpoLg

^VXT]

xi xatd

(pvctiv

ndvta

td

fpvCixcc 6co-

408

Analytica posteriora.
nal xccd^djtSQ ra
rrjg il^vxfjg

Httta rrjg ifvxijs SQyccva,

rav

^rarav,

ovrco

.xal ra rcov <pvrcjv,

as evExa
cj.

ovra.

dt,rtag da rb

ov evaxa, r6
tl'Qrjrat

te

ov xal t6

194 a 26 dixcog yag tb ov svsxa'

742 a 22 8vo 8s Staipoov evexa rb (iiv yccQ iariv o%ev rj xivrjGig, rb 8e a ;i;p^Tat rb ov evexa. Keyco 8' olov ro re yevvijrixbv xai t6 dQyavLxbv rcp yevo^iva. 94a22 Ex coniectiira dedimus -^ ri pro r^ ri, qiiod vulgo iegitur. Ratio emendationis in promtu est coll. ri et rivcov vs. 21 et rivog vs. 23. Eandem ipso seusu postuiari apparet. Cf. quae dedimus ad 34al7. Vs. 24 /tttag (Lifv Vs. 28 et 34 vulgarem lectionem Boethium secuti servavimus. 94a34 Terminus medius, ait, quem sumsimus in syllogismo praecedente definitio est termini maioris, ut exemplum quod modo habuimus et t6 | ov et t6 ri ^v eivai per terminum raedium exprimi posse probet, quamquam {dkka fitjv vs. 35) non erat opus, ut lioc probaretur, quum supra (cap. 8) iam demonstratiun sit, quomodo fiat ut ea causa quam dicimus t6 ti riv tivai termino medio exprimatur, sed satis erat hoc loco ostendere quomodo t6 ih, ov termino medio contineaApparet ex interpretatione quam modo dedimus tur. (coll. b 8) retinendam esse vs. 35 lectionem vulgarem to, quamquam rov et Boethius et codices habent.
5'

Iv rolg neQi (piXoCocpiag.

gag

sx^l xal rb

94 a 36 Aliud exemplum proponit, quo doceat, quomodo t6 TCQatov XLvrjGav termino medio exprimatur. Brevius autem dixit r6 8e 8ia ti... Nam sententia haec est t6 de TCQcatov xi:

vr}6av

t,tjtel

6 eQCotav 8ca ti...

aitiov t6
.

94 b 8 oGcov
iott,

8'

evexd tivog
.

(intell.

tovtav toiovtov

t6 aXtcov)^ olov
:

Accuratius pro

evexd Ttvog dixisset

ov evexa

nara quod

fit

evexd tcvog, id non causam exprimit,

:

sed effectura (t6 alttatov) 742 a 20 t6 te yaQ ov evexa xa\ t6 tovtov evexa ^tacpeQet.., xal tb fiev t^ yevecei, nQoteQov aiutav ioti, tb 8'e tfj ovoia. 1328 a 29 oTai' 6' ^ t6 fiev tovtov
evexev tb
8'

ov evexev

ov%ev ev ye tovroig xocvbv dTX

est,

r^

ra

^ev noLrjoat rco 8e Xa^elv. 94bl8 Quid igitur in causa

quod terrainus A, qui expri-

mit t6 ov evexa., praedicatur de termino Fl Terminus 5, lara videt qui definitionem quandara exprimit termini A. Aristoteles per syiiogisraum quem raodo proposuit non id

confectum

esse

quod

voluit

namque demonstrandum

erat

Analytica posteriora.

409

etiam quartam caiisam, qnam dixit rb ov evsica^ termino medio exprirai posse, in eo syllogismo vero quem modo liabuimus termino maiore deciafari ro ov avsxa (t6 vyiaivHv) :

Cur autem praedicatur B de Fl '%iv aOtB ^r] ljti7ioXdt,etv xh 0itltt) definit terminum A (tb vyiaivHv): quare terminorum loci mutandi erunt {8u ^btakau^dvSLV Toug Aoj^oug) ita , ut medio termino A interposito, qui expriraat t6 ov evsxa, cogatur terminum B praedicari de J^. (Elaec ultima aut neglexisse aut certe non recte inteilexisse videtur C. Kiihn, qui p. 19 t6 ov avsxa termini medii locum occupare posse negat.) Ordo autem (vs. 23) eorum quae in rerum natura fiunt (xata xivrjGiv) non idem est atque ev tolg tshxols sed invertitur: nam in his id quod nunc medio ioco posuiraus (t6 A, t6 ov evBica) priraum est (sanitas enim in causa est, ut quis ambulet qua re simul excusatur quod Aristoteles paulio ante in eo peccavit, quod terminum ^, qui, ut deraonstraret quod ipse veliet raedium locura tenere debebat, raaiorem fecit), ea vero quae fiunt xata xivtjCLV incipiunt a terraino F, desinunt in terminum A: 8ia tb nsQinateiv odx.
quare
vs.

20

sic

pergit.

Quia terrainus

(rd

ouTCOg

-,

ejiLnoldtei Ta 6LtLa aal dLcc tb

firj

smnoXdt,SLV vyLaivsL.

94b21

sv6s%staL bs...
,

Sic in rebus naturalibus et eae causae

investigandae sunt
(t6 s^ dvdyxyjg)

ex quibus necessario provenit effectus

id propter

quod singula procreantur (t6 663 b 13 s6tL ds tk xsgata dt' 6'Aou Otsgsa tols sXd(pois fiovois, >ial dno^dkXsL fiovov., evsxsv ^sv coq^sksiag f| dvdyxTjs bs dLa t6 ^dgoS' 739 b 28 Gvvlov>iovq)Lt6fisvov ros be tov Gauaxcobovs exxgivetaL t6 vygov., xal nsgLiotavtai
et

rivos svsxa)

xvxXa

^rigaLvoyiSvcov

evexd tLVOs'

tav ysr^gav v^svss xal e^ dvdyxrjs xal xal yag %eg^aLvoiievcov ^rjgaiveOd^aL dvayxalov
,

ta sGiattt xal tl^vxo^svov xal dsl ^rj sv vyg<p t6 ^aov sivaL dkka xsxcoqlG^svov. 743 b 16 ndvta dstavta, xa^dneg lnofisv.,

Xfxxsov yivsc^ai

xtj

[xev

e^

dvdyxr]s

xtj

6'

ot5x

e^
xl-

dvdyxris aAA' evexd xlvos-

quare 744 b 14 opponuntur xa

^LCotata [logLa xal ^stSLXrjcpota xijs xvgLaxdxrjs dgxijs et ta

dvayxaia [lOQLa xal tovtcov evexev h. e. ea quae illis (Totg tL^LCotdtoLs) ita inserviant, ut quod ilia veiint exsequantur. 672 b 21 xal disiXe {rj <pv6Ls) to te XLfiicoxegov xal xb dxifio,

rapov, ev o6ols evdexexaL dLeXeiv xb avco xal xdxco' xb ^ev

yccQ ccva icxlv

ov evextv xal ^sXxlov xb dh xdtco xb xovxov

410

Analytica po steriora.
670 b 23 ot 8\ vsrpQoX tolis ^i%ov6iv dkXa xov ^ xal xaAoJg evEKtv viidQ%ov6LV

avXv aal dvayaalov.

o^x
xriq

E^ dvdyxriq

yaQ TtSQtxxcoOicog xdgLV x^g slg xrjv xvaxtv dd^QOt^oinvrjg naxd xyv Idlav cpvdLv iv o60Lg iikHov VTioGxrjua yivExai x6 xotovxov ojtcog ^ikxLOv dno^Lba ij xvGXLg xb avxrjg SQyov. 767 b i;i x6 dh xEQag odx dvaynalov TCQbg xPjv EvsKa xov xal xrjv xov xekovg alxiav dkkd naxd Ovix^E^rjKog dvaynatov,
l6l
,
,

8el kafiEtv. 66'i b 22 nag dh xijg dvayaaiag cpvGECog IxovOr^g xolg VTcaQxovGtv k^ dvdyxrjg rj xaxd xbv koyov cpxxStg Evsxd xov xaxaxEXQrjxaL^ kEycx)^Ev. Sic semper Aristoteles in rebiis naturalibus scrutandis et causas efficientes et qnem ad finem singula quaeqne fiant explorat, quamquam et in quibnsdam rebus xb ov EVExa difficilius esse ad cognoscendum fatetur: S9()a3 xb yaQ ov EVEna 7]Kt6xa Ev-

Ensl xrjv y'

dQpiv evxev^ev

tavd^a drjkov onov TikstGxov

xrjg vkr^g,

et finibus

quibusdam

cognitionem xov ov evEica (die teleoiogiscbe Naturbetrachtung) circurascriptam esse docet : 778 a 31 6oa yaQ ^rj xrjg
cpvOECog EQya xotvfj {.ir]8^ t8ta xov yEvovg ExdOxov xovxcov ov%Ev EVExd xov xotovxov ovx' EGxtv ovxE yivExat. dcpd^ak^bg ,uv yaQ EVExd xov ykavxbg d* o-dx svexd xov , nkrjv dv Xdiov ^ xov yivovg xovxo xb TtdO^og. 667 a 16 naxaxQrixaL ^ev ovv ivioxE rj ^vatg elg xb cacpE?u^ov xl xotg TCEQLXXco^aGLv ov (i^ dLa xovxo Sel t,r]XELV ndvxa EVExa xivog dkkd xivcov ovxcov xoiovxcov EXEQa E^ dvdyx.r]g Gvfi^aivEL 5ia xavxa jtokkd.
, ,
,
,

Vs. 28 Brandisitis in Variet. lect. A.ristot. probat lectionem quam Bas. Pac. Sylb. praebent oiov dta xi 8itL6L 5ta xov.
INos

qnod Boethius

sumus, praesertim quum ne id quidem per hicernae peilem himen egredi" alteram lectionem comprobare videatur: nam haud raro Boecodices
secuti
vertit 5,ut

thius, xibi Aristotelem nimia brevitate

plicationis
vs.

gratia

unum

vei aitcrum

usum esse putavit, exAd verbum addidit.

quae habuimus 88 a 14. 94b35 In rebus naturalibus et xb ov evsxa iocum habet et xb E^ dvdyxrjg ^ ex iis vero (95 a 3) quae consilio fiunt at quornm arbitrium nobis permissum est, alia semper fiunt svsxd tvv, alia fortuito , quod maxime fit in iis , quae, quamquam
29
cf.

iion casu fiunt, sed consilio ct arte parata ac facta sunt (vs. 7

OTKV
est

firj

et propter

aut arte,

eventum habent incertum. Quare quwl i>onum quod fiunt reliqua omnia, id aut natura fit neutiquam casu. Cf. quae collegimus ad 87bl9.
.),

Analytica posteriora.
95 a 7 Boethixis nostrain lectionem habuit.
libris

411
Eustratius
in aliis

%6v
c)6t'

nostram iectionera invenit, in aliis C3V 8e xo rikos dya~ quani habent ed. Bas. Pac. Cas. m<^. , in aiiis denique

xb tskos dya^ov.

Aiia

\. in

schol. nostris

I.

p. 61.

Causa et id quod efficitur eodem tempore esse 22 Non demomtranlur quae tempore conseqimntur sed ex iis qiiae tempore sunt poex iis quae antecesserunt steriora^ priora; b l neque quia tempus est co?iti?iuurn.i etia??i quae fuuit co?Ui?iua si?it ?iecesse est., sed eliam in his sive
Cap. 12.
debcnt.
,

praeterilis sive futuris aliquid

i?io?istratio?iis

esse
et

debet pri??iu?h, quod dede??ionstrari

,

principiu??i
rer?i??i

sit

ipsu??i

nequeat.

38

Quae

in

?iatura circulo circumferuntur

ea etiam

de?nonslranda
fieri sole?it,

su?it circiilo.

eoru??i

96 a 8 Quae ?io?i se??iper fiunt., sed etiam principia non necessaria sed ple.,

ru??ique vera esse debe?d.

95a22

xb ovxag aXxiOV

ea causa quae ipsam rei natiiram excuiiis

primit, rb xi rjv elvai.,

exempia dedit

in

iis

quae pro-

xime antecesserunt.
vkr}v
sint
,

Huic

ijritur

opponit reliquas causas, xijv

cura

xb TiQGixov XLvrjGav et xb ov svBxa, quae non simul iis quae ex ipsis proveniant. lara ex his causis
apta sint quae ex
iis

quum

alia

consequantur, ut ex causis

futuris futura, ex praeteritis praeterita fluant, cognitio

quam

per syllogismum nobis comparamus, ab eo qiiod tempore posterius est, pergit ad id quod prius fuit. non a priore ad postcrius: quare etiam principium huius cognitionis iis continetiir quae tempore posteriora sunt (vs. 2H sq.). A priore vero ad posterius demonstrantem procedere non licet, sive
infinitum sive
et effectum:

finitum tempus

nam quo tempore

interiectum est inter causam causa exsistit, eifectus vero

nondura ex ea provenit, eo tempore ex causa effectum cogere non licebit, quia conclusionis veritatera eventus nondura
coraprobavit.
let.

Eadem autem

ratio etiam in rebus futuris

vapro-

Ex
,

praeteritis vero futura colligere

non

licet etiara

pterea
ferre,

quod causam et effectum temporis ratione non difsed eodem semper teinpore contineri supra probavs.

vimus.

95a40 Quod
lere
velint.

32 de rebus praeteritis
contra

dixit,

idem

etiain

va-

ostendit

eos qui ex praeteritis futura colligere

412

Analytica posteriora.

95 bl Sin autem e rebus praeteritis nihil coiligl potest de fuquid est quod praeterita cum futuris ita coniungat et turis Verumtamen necoliigct, ut alterum proveniat ex altero'1
,

que praeterita praesentibus neque praeterita ipsa inter se contigua sunt et continua: nam quod continuum est dividi potest in infinitum, quae praeterierunt perfecta sunt et indiQuare quod factum est vidua (disci*eta, quae nos dicimus). puncti quod fit lineae simile est, quae, licet ipsa continua, punctorum, quae non continua sint, infinitum numerum in se continet: nam ut iinea continet puncta, ita etiam id quod fit causas, ex quibus fit, omnes easque tempore priores complectitur. Quod quum male intellexisset Biese, I. p. .SO.^, satis obscure iocum expressit .,es ergeben sich in dem Werden eine unendiiche Keihe von qualitativen Unterschieden". Etiam obscurius est quod in not. adiecit , ut rem illustraret: ,,es ist dalier das Werden tlieilbar wie die Linie, aber nicht indem sich in deraselben qualitative Unterein stetiges scliiede plotzlich ergeben, die wie die Punkte in der Linie
. ,

unbegrenzt

(!)

sind".

93b

15

Etiam
sit

in his syllogismis (in quibus

quum quod tempore

prius
senti
id

ex posteriore coUigatur, id ex quo cogitur a prae-

tempore propius abesse debet quam id quod cogitur) quod in medio positum est (ro F, quod connectit id ex quo colligitur, t6 ^, et id quod colligitiir, t6 A) cum eo quod tempori praesenti proximum est et a quo ratiocinatio initium sumit (t6 TiQCOtov, xb z/) ita coniunctum esse debet, ut quo iure connexa sint non aliunde demonstrandum , sed per se
sit ^, et esse Ji, quia numerus terminoriim me-

manifestum sit. 95 b 22 Si quis igitur colligat esse F, quia

sit

r*, quaeritur,

utrum

finitus sit

diorum qui

interiici possint

an

infinitus.

Fortasse enim

erit,

qui infinitum

eum

esse dicat, quia quae in rerum natura fiant

,

non continua sint, sed sicut puncta ita iuxta posita ut inter se non communicent-(discret), ea vero quae demonstrationem non admittant (ra d^fOa) ita comparata esse debeant, ut alterura
reat.

cum

altero

Nihilominus tamen
ajc'

continuo {Gvviy&g) et necessario cohae(vs. 24) demonstratio inclpere de-

bet

diii0ov
qui

xccl

dno tov vvv

TCQtatov,
ita

h. e. a

termino
sit,

medio [F)

cum termino maiore (^)

coniunctus

ut propositio

^F

aliunde dcmonstrari nequeat (quod,

quum

Analytica posteriora.
in

413
lib. I.

omni demonstratione
in

fieri

debere probaverit

cap. 9,

etiam

ab

eo

faciendiim esse iam dixit vs. 15) et qiiod tempori praesenti proximum sit (z/) namque
his syliogismis
:

quum quod
tur id

pus praesens autem

est, temnovissimum, si termino ^ significequod praesenti tempore proximum sit , ab hoc ipso
sit

prius fuit probetur ex eo

quod posterius

termino demonstratio incipere debebit, ut

XTfV

^r.

vs. 1.5 et vs.

95b29 Quum
finita,

OLQXr^v cc[is0ov habeat Lectionem d^isOov quam sensus postulat (eoU. 31) unum codicem n secuti recepimus. item etiam eorum quae futura sunt, series sit in-

non
ut

ita

videntur inter se coniungi posse, ut sint d^t6a^

inter ea interponi possit

h.

e.,

niliil

medium
in

quo vel arrcc

ctius connectantur:

quare quum ea quae fiunt

,

rerum natura
iit

non

sint

continua (cvvsx'^

sxousva)^

qualia esse debent

ccfiSGa,

semper interponi mediorum infinita detur.

^J olxla.,

poterit aliquid

medium,

series

95bH2
net

&S(ithov,
vs.

quem habuimus
sit

16

ibit vs. 35, si

pro verbo
et

medius
Ald.
al.

sGxat &S{.LskLOV.

21. Idem syliogismus etiam exyiyors ponamus sOtaL, ut terminus Vs. 36 Eoeth. Tliemist., edd.
,

Xidoi.

Syllogismus idem

ma-

Casaub. marg. habent sGovtaL tolxol., quam quidem lectionem Brandisius in Variet. lect. Aristot. praefeBas.
iudicavit.

rendam esse

95b38 Quum quaedam

paret,
si

in

rerum natura

ita

fiant,
fieri

ut circulo

circumagantur, idem etiam in demonstratione

et conclusio

posse aput,

terminus medius cum reliquis convertatur,

ex propositionibus
et altera

quum

utra propositio ex

altera et conclusione cogi possit, etiam conclusiones inter se con-

vertantur:

qua re demonstrationem quae circulo

exposuit Analyt. pr.
II.

fieri

dica-

tur contineri

Vs. 40 dedimus ot oqol., quod etiam Boeth. et vet. 96 al). intp. habuerunt: nam oi axQOL, quod Bkk. exhibuit, haud scio an nuUo alio loco hoc sensu usurpatum ab Aristotele occurrat, quamquam neutrum radxQa saepissime apud eum maiorem et minorem terminum significet, qui quod hic dicantur oi OQOL ofTendere non potest, quia opponuntur r(p fisGcp: hunc enim certis finibus circumscribunt (o^/^ovGt), quos ille, quum latius pateat minore, dum maioris ambitu supereturipse, transire nequit.

c.

(sv rolg TiQcoroLg

414
Cap. 13.
guae,

Analytica posteriora.
Ut definitio comparetur ^ investiganda sunt ea, sumantur^ latius pateant quam quod defmienvero coniuncta^ illud exaequent. b 15 Q^ua ratione
sit,

si si?igula
sit,

dum

si

quaestio instituenda

nt doctrina rite constituatur.

etsi

25 I)e

divisionis usu in definiendo:

definilio

non demonstratur

per divisionem., tamen per eam conficilur. .iS NUiil praetermissum esse in definitione non ?iisi divisio?ie facta inteliigitur.
est, ut qui rem defmiat., etiam reliqna coa quibus ea?n disti?iguat. 23 Ut defmitio constituatur., primum qaae cum re ipsa co?iiu?icta sijit i?ivestiganda sunt, 29 deinde ordine collocanda., 35 denique nihil praeter-

97 a 6

Non

necesse

g?ioscat o?nnia

Qaomodo defmitio comparari quae si?igulae species inter se habea?it communia. 26 Quod ?naxime u?iiversale est ^ id ad defmiendum est difficiUimum. 96a2l Ut suinantur quae cum natura rei definiendae coniuncta sint, sumenda siint ea quae latius patent quam id quod definiendum est, ita tamen, ut genus, ad quod res definienda referatur, non excedant: veiut si t^ ov praedicetur de ternione, id quod praedicatur fines generis, quo ternio continepossit es
iis

misstmi esse de??io?istra?idum. b 7

tur (numerum intell.), migrat. 96a 33 Bene adiecit iTrpwrov, ut significet definitionem neque latius patere debere iquam rem definiendam neque arctioribus quam par sit finibus eam circumscribendam esse nam nt primum coniunctio eorum, quae, si singula sumantur, latius pateant quam quod definiendum sit, rem definiendam exae:

quat,

niliil

quid adiiceretur,
intelligitur

amplius definitioni adiiciendum est, quoniam, si definitio augustior esset, si quid demere-

tur, latius pateret.

Vs. 36 dficpotiQwe quid significet ex iis quae proxime sequuntur. Vs. 39 tu ^sv, intell.

6 aQi&^bg xai xo jtEQLttov.

tb ds tikivtalov^

intell.

t6 nQa-

tov d^cpotSQcog.

96 b

Quum

autera quae naturam rei exprimant, necessario

cum
sint,

ea coniuncta esse

debeant, ea vero quae universalia

necessario de ea praedLcentiir

unde consequitur

definitio-

nem dam

sive ternionis sive alius rei cuiuscunque ita constituenesse, ut coraponatur ex

iis

quae universalia

sint et u-e-

cessario cura ea cicmiuncta (ovtca vs. 4, ut dictum esta32sqq.^

ternionem (a38/ recte a nobis definitum esse apparet. Veram autem eius naturam expressam esse inde patet, quod, si non

Analytica posteriora.
esset,
id

415

definitio

quam

clediiniis

latius

patere deberet

quam

quod definiendum erat [rj xQidg), ut generi cuidam sive nominato sive non nominato (quid sit dvcovv^ov explicuimus ad 19 b 6), cui res definienda subiecta esset, conveniret; sin autem proposita definitio non convenit nisi in singula eaque individua (die einzelnen, concreten Dinge), quae notioni definiendae subiecta
definitio (vs. 13 sq.
e(p'

simt et qiiorum revera

rav

ovrco Sft^^O^aTTWv, h.

ols

rj

e6x,nrog KatTqyoQia

sXdsi), definitio

bene habet.

iq

avrrj dia

eadem esse debet e. tav dro^av, rb ^irj diaq)eQStv ra

(schol. 247 b 42)

Pliilojionus
,

aliam lectionem

commemorat

quam

quum neque Boethius

neque codices habeant, non recepimus.

96 bl. TtQayfiarevsoQ^ai dicitur qui cognitionem aliquam ad artera et praecepta revocare studet, v. Trdlbg. de anim. p. 199, 981 a 21 TtSQL rov ri eOriv iJQ^avro ^lv Xeyuv xal dp/^aeO^at, Uav 6' dnkas eTCQay^arfvd^rjOav. 9H9 b 33 diakeyovruL ^evrou xal TtQayfiarevovrat neQiq^vOeagndvra. 202 b 35 7tQo6rixov av
sYr]

rbv negl q>v6Ecog TtQay^arsvofievov d^eaQfjCat

tcsqI djtsi-

Quare TtQayfiarsia aut doctrinara quandam significat certis finibus circurascriptam, sicut 183bI7ai. de coel. 3()8al (pv6ixrj TtQayiiarsLa (quae 464 b 33 (pv6LKr] q)L^o6o(pia dicitiir: nara q>iXo6o(pia et ita dicitur, ut universam philosopliiam, et 1096 b 31 s^azQL^ovv ita , nt singulas eius partes significet yccQ VTtsQ avrav dkXrjg av slr} (pLko6o(piag oixsiorsQOV ad quem locum v. Zeli. coil. 203a2 et 1059 b 21), aut etiam pliiQov.
:

iosophi cuiusdara discipiinam: 987 a 30 fisrd ds rdg SLQrjfievag

(pLXo6o(piag
rj

Ilkdravog STteyevero TtQayfiarela

ubi TtQay^ia-

rsia

idem est quod (pLko6o(pia. Quare t6 TtQayftarsvs6^aL 1088 b 25 xa&dnsQ sv dkkotg koyoLg 6vvs^r] TtQayfiarsv&^^vai,.,
(pia

quaerendi et explicandi notionem habet, sicut etiara (piko6oidera interdum significat quod 6/ieipLg : 1099 b 14 dkka

rovro uev 'L6ag dkkrjg dv sir] Oxeil^sag otxftoTcpov coll. 1096 b 31, quera locum modo adscripsimus. 1282b23 ;^t yc^ rovr' dnoQiav xat (piko^oqiav nokLrixijv. Cf. 1394 a 6, nbi t6 ex (pLko6o(piag opponitur rolg nodyiia^LV. exempia quae excogitantur et finguntur iis quae e rebus veris sumuntur. 1331 a 16 ut synouyraa coniunguntur ^rjrelv xal (pLko6o(pslv.
Alius verbi

nQayaarsvs6%aL

est usus

759 a 36 ndvta yaQ b6a

nQayixarsvsrat nsQi rd

rsnva (omnia animalia quae prolem

curant et fovent), nsQl rbv cpaivofisvov olxslov dianovsirai

416
yovov.
dain

Analytica posteriora.

Sententia loci haec

velit,

est.

Si qiiis doctrinara

quanse

pertractare

cxplicare

debet quoraodo

inter

coliaereant et connc\a sint quaecunque ad unura genus pertineant (nam quaeque doctrina una est eo, quod ad unura genus pertinet v. 81 a 38 quod liic dicitur oXov tl). Quod ut fiat, primum quidem generis, de quo agitur, species individuae singulae sunt enumerandae, h. e. eae quibus aliae species non subiectae sunt: quibus definitis (owojgvs. IT bene interpretatur Rassow p.38. not. 1 ut praescriptura erat", vel potius .,quod si ita factura est", cf. C. Ileyder p. 289 sq. not.) etiara genus quo continentur definiendura est. Deinde quae generi propria sunt investigari debent adhibitis iis propositionibus quae oranibus discipiinis coraraunes sunt(v. 77a26 Rassow lioc non recte inteiiexit v. p. ;^8. not. 2). Nam

(vs.

21) quura species individuae (quas hic Aristotelera dicere

xa GvvxL^tBHiva fx xav dxoncov bene perspexit C. Heyder p. 290 not.), ex quibus coniunctis genus coraponitur, definitae sint, ex his ipsis definitionibus patefiet, quae generi, ad quod
doctrina pertineat quara constituere veliraus, propria sinind&i]
et in eius natura posita (xa xaO''

stoteles

sirapliciter

omnis

institutio

avxa vTiaQxovxa quae Arixa Gvfi^aivovxa vs. 21): nam a definitione proficisci debet et ab eo quod
hic
dixit

sit (genus inteiiigit et quae ei subditae quodcunque de rebus simplicibus dicitur non aliunde pendet, quodcunque vero de iis quae non siraplicia sunt alienara causara habet et repetendum est et expiicandum ex iis quae siraplicia sunt. 96 b 2.5 Apparet ex iis quae diximus quem usura habeat, si quis genus in species dividat seciindura diff^erentias quae dicuntur specificae, quamquam hanc ipsam divisionera in demonstrando Nam nullius momenti esse iam supra (cap. 5) probavimus. etiam si nihil cogitur divisione (vs. 28) , sed omnia non demonstrata sumuntur, tamen ad definitionem constituendam Multum autem interdivisio haud parvam utiiitatem habet. est (vs. 30) num quid eorum quae praedicentur vei primo

quam

simplicissimura

sint species), quia

vel

aiio loco

coliocatum praedicetur.
et

Nam

si

oranis divisio

genus cum difFerentia proxima coniunctum {t,0ov ijueQOv) unara eamque novara notionera forraat, quae item nova dilFerentia bipertita adiecta definienda vel (ut vobipertita
est

cabulo utar nobis

iisitatiori)

determinanda

est,

alteram utram

Analytica posteriora.
bipertitae
differentiae

417

partem assumere necesse est: unde

apparet non idera esse, quo ordine singulae difFerentiae cum genere coniungantur, quum difFerentiarum ordo ipsam divi-

dendi rationem indicet.

96b.i5 Deinde
visione facta.

num

quid praetermissum
sint,

sit

eorum quae cum

intelligitur nisi di-

natura rei definiendae coniuncta

non

Nam
,

si

quis genus ita dividatj ut

et proximas species

sed

liis

praetermissis

eas

non primas sumat quae

primis

subiectae sint,

idem etiam
97 a 5

in aliqua specie
si
.

non quodcimque genere continetur, semper inerit, quamquam gemis

singulas species,
cclkcog dh
. .

coniungantur, ambitu exaequare debet.

Sin autem divisio non procedat ordine, ne-

que

nihil praeterraitti

neque,

si

quid praetermissum

sit,

hoc

animadverti necesse

est,

97 a 6 Deinde erit fortasse (Speusippum Aristoteli in mente fuisse discimus ex schol.) qui quidquam definiri posse prorsus ne-

eam distinguere denon posset, nisi omnia quod fieri , cognita haberet. Cui quidem arguraentationi (vs. 11) primum obiiciendum est hoc, quod non quae quo modo cunque differunt revera diversa sunt nara muha sunt rerum discriraina, quae ad earura naturam, quae definitione exprimi debet, non pertinent, quura quaecunque eidem speciei individuae subiecta sint non reapse, sed non nisi in iis differant quae sensu proprio dicuntur Ov^^s^rjxora (cf. 96 b 10 sqq. Biese hunc locum non recte inteilexit: vertit enim I. p. 310 ,,nicht jeder Unterschied der Art bestimrat die Verschiedenheit einer dicendum Sache von der andern, weil die Artunterschiede erat ^weil alle andern Unterschiede aufser den Artunterschieauch die Bedeutung des Accidentellen haben und den" daher nicht das Wesen und das Ansich bezeichnen"). Deinde
get,

propterea quod qui rem definiret

beret a reiiquis omnibus

(vs. 14)

si

quis genus

bipertito

dividat in duas species sibi

divisio nitatur,

qua haec quodcunque generi subiectum sit aut in specie A aut in specie Non-A esse sumat et rem definiendam in altera earura inesse non solum ponat, sed etiam sciat, ad naturam rei definiendae cognoscendam nihil attinet
oppositas,
et

Non-A.,

et differentiam cognoscat

deinde

si

num
cie.

sciat

Nam

an ignoret quaecunqi>e alia insint in utraque spesi divisionem persequatur et ad finem perducat,
si

ad ea perveniet. quorum iam nuUa est differentia: quod

II.

27

418

Analytica posteriora.
quara quaesivit inventa
erit.
,

factiirn est, definitio

Quod vero

dixiuius

unumquodque eorum quae generi

subiecta sint in al-

tera

utra semper specie inesse, id ut concedatur non peti(vs.

mus

20); imo hoc necesse est, quoniam,

si

v^a

generis

genere inest a differentia, quae generi propria est, ita alienum esse potest, ut cum ea non communicet: a differentia auteni spepies in, quas gedifferentia sunita est, nihil
in

quod

-nus dividitur, ut a

communi

fonte, derivantur.

97a26 Primum,
ita

ut ea quae definitionem constituant sumantur

sint,

ut in

ipsa rei natura posita

sicut ea

generis ratio liabenda

quae xaTcc Ov^^s^rjnbg de aiiqua re praedicantur ex iis coiligimus quae non necessario cum rei natura coniuncta sunt, ita quae necessario cnm- -ear-t;omuncta sunt e genereipso elicieudaet derivanda siint. Deinde (vs.28), ut ordine procedat definitio, primum sumendum est genus, generi enim reliqua quippe quod maxime universale sit omnia subiecta sunt, ipsum vero non continetur alio. Quod si tenemus, iam eiigendum est id quod primum est et maxime universale ex iis quae generi subiecta sunt. Hoc autem si
est:
:

nam

inventum est, eodera ordine et ratione pergitur: nam misso eo quod magis imiversale est, quippe quod iam inventum sit, e reliquis omnibus id semper primum erit et maxime universale, quod illi quara proximum est. 91a35 Niliil praeterraissum esse in definitioije et ex eo appaita ut ret, quod id sumitur quod in divisione primura est e. g. in divisione animalis omne animal aut ad speciem yi aut ad speciem Non-A referatur, quae se invicem exciudunt; refertur autem ad speciera A (lioc enira surait divisio) et tov Xcc^bIv)^ quod differenex eo (vs. .37 xal ndhv^ intell. tia, ex qua species nascuntur, totius generis differentia est, non partis cuiuscunque; deinde etiara ex eo (vs. .'JT), quod ultima species ad quam pervenimus novara differentiara non habet vel quod id cui iam adiungitur ultima differentia specie non differt ab eo quod definiendum est (hoc enim appellat t6 Gvvolov, quum definitio composita sit e genere eiusque differentiis). Apparet enim, quum omnia quae suraseriraus cum re ipsa coniuncta sint, neque quitlquam adiectum esse quod abesse deberet, neque quidquara praeterraissum atque hoc quidem et esse, quum et genus sumtura sit primum idque nude positum et cum differentiis coniunctum.
-

Analytica posteriora.
h. e.

419

^ avoficcG^BVov

tj

dvavv^ov
si

nt dicit96b7

et difFe-

rentiae oranes, qiiarum una

difTerentia inveniri posset.

deesset, nova ultimae speciei

diese (Unterschiede) bis zu

Non recte Biese I. p. 311 weil dem aufsersten unmitteibar mitvs. 5).

einander /usammenhangen [ndOcci s^ovraL

97a39 Pro

rovto scripsissem tn rovro \e[ sidu ^ri tovro^ nisi Boethius vulgarem lectionera tueretur. 91 b 7 Cf. ad h. 1. Kiihn. p. 35. et C. Heyder p. 287 sq. Ut definitio notionis universaiis constituatur, investigandum est quid ea, quae inter se sint similia et specie non diversa, inter se habeant commune, deinde idem faciendum est in aliis quae
tLdst
illis. quorum similitudinem iam exploravimus, in eodera genere sint, specie vero ab iis differant, quaraquam inter se non diversa sint specie. His igitur consideratis, si invenitur aiiquid quod idem est in iitrisque id utriquie speciei commune erit. Item consideranda sunt alia quorum genus quidera idem sit atque eorum quae iam exploraviraus, species vero diversa, ut investigetur num etiam Iiis idem sit commune quod iis coramune erat quae iam exploravimus hac
,

cum

igitur ratione

(quam qui nondum satis perspicit exemplum deat quo Aristoteles rem illustrat) si quaerere pergiraus
quod
alteri speciei

vi-

id

comraune sit, denique invenieraus quod omnes' species coramune habeant quas, ut definitionem notionis universalis qua continentur investigaremus, consideraviraus. Quod si non ambiguum est, definitionera exprimet quam quaerimus, si vero ambiguum, apparet non unara notionera esse id quod ad definiendura proposuiraus, sed plures, quarum etiam definitio non una esse debet, sed plures, quod in exemplo adiecto significatur verbis 8vo sldr] ccv elt] vs. 24. De ^syakoipvxla v. Etli. Nic. IV. c. 7 sq. coll. 1107 b 22. 97bll Recepimus quod dedit Trdlbg. Elera. log. p. 17 ri pro ri: quam quidem lectionera, etsi a codd. alienain, et Boeth. et edd. Bkko priores tuentur. Praeterea coll. vs. 8, 17, 18et23
altera

cum

dubiura esse vix potest, quin ri

ctio.

(intell.

kx^v6i,v) sit vera le-

97b28 rbxa&^ xa0TOV hic non dicit

enim
definiri

75b24.
^ijtal Tt
oi5 yccQ

id quod sub sensus cadit (hoc omnino nequit: 1039 b 28, quera I. dedimus ad Cf. 1040 a 6 dtb dsi rav Tcgbs ogov ^ orav rig oqi^i]
.

rav xa%' sxaOta,

dyvoslv ori ds\ dvaLQslv sGrcv

.

kvdsxsruL 6Qi6a6%aL

dvayxalov

d'

s^ dvofidrcov bI27 *

420

Analytica posteriora.
xov Xoyov. dvo^a 6' ov TCoiiqGBi 6 oQit^oiiivog' dyvcoGtov xa 8b xeLfisva xotva TtaGiv. dvdyxr] dga vTcdgdX^cp ravra), sed speciem individuam,
,

vm

yccQ sdrai.

%Hv xal
dicit

quam

vs.

31

rb ddidq^oQov

Sta ro rov nXivralov (irjxsrL ilvai dia-

(poijdv (l>7a3).

nam notio acuti ambigua est, quod minus universaie, v. g. notio vocis acutae vel anpili acuti, non ambiguura. 91b.i2 Dedimus GvXXeXoyiGd^at, quod etiam paraphr. Ricc. exliibet. Boeth. et vet. intp. vertunt tempore praesente ,,syllogizari", unde colligi non licet utrura habuerint Gv^loyioaoQ^at an (jvlleAoyiGd^ai, quum etiam 92^12 GvkleXoyiOd^ai reddant syiiogizari". Sententia loci haec est. Sicut in deraonstratione quod cogitur conspicuum esse debet et i'acile ad inteiligendura ex propositionibus unde colligitur, sic etiam definitionis omnis virtus in perspicuitate est: quam quidem perspicuitatem iit consequamur, notio universalis quam definire volumus non statim ab initio ima definitione comprehendenda est, ne, si ambigua sit, falsam definitionem conI stituamus , sed anteqxiam eam definiamus , seorsum per ea quae singulis propria sunt Tcdd^r] et xa^' avra vndQxovra definiendae sunt singuiae iilius notionis partes , quae diversis
.

91 b 29 dsl dno r&v xa%^ siiit 96 b 15 sqq. 97 b M) kav&dvovOt fiaXXov

.

qiiod

quomodo

fierl

debeat expo-

id vero

generibus subiectae sunt e. quara hanc ipsara definiaraus

:

g.
,

ut definiatur similitudo, ante-

definiendura
,

est

quid

sit

co-

lorum, quid figurarum

sirailitudo

vel ut definiatur quid sit

acutum, antea definiendum est quid sit acutura, si de voce, quid, si de angulo praedicetur: quo facto etiara quod universe dicatur acutura definiri poterit.
^

Sin autera

(vs. .17)

ne

in disputando quidera ambiguitas ferenda est,

neque
:

definitio

ambigua esse debet neque

tio

id

quod definitur

nara

si

defini-

arabiguitatem liabet, a disputatione, quippe quae a defini-

tionibus proficiscatur, arabiguitas aliena esse

non

poterit.

sint recte

Ut probleynata quae cuique doctrinae propria proponantur divisione opus est : qua in re non solum generis ad quod doctrina pertinet ratio habenda est., 13 sed etiam investigandum quodcunque singula quae ei sitbiecta sint
Cap. 14.
.,

commune
sint

habeant., etsi

nomine careat, 20 et num quae

inter se

dvdXoya.

Analytica pusteriura.
98 al Quae
iii

421

quaque

disciplina tractanda sint problemata di-

(Bene Biese I. p. 314: mufs man sowolil von der Zersiicderung des Ganzen in seine Tlieile als auch von der Eintlieiiung der Gattung in die Arteu Gebrauch machen".) Ac primum quidem quae de universo fifenerc praedicentur investiganda sunt , deindc quae sint sin^ulae ^eneris species: quae quidem ratio hanc utilitatem liabebit, quod. quum,_qua ejle_iuii vfirso ^enere dicantur ea ad siugulas species transferre liceat, simui causa intelligetur ob quam de iis quae generi subiecta sint (h. e. de unaquaque specic vs. 8) eadera recte praedicentur quae etiara de genere universo. Vs. 1 dedimus Isysiv quod et intpp. graeci (schol. 24S b 27 et 30 sq.) excepto Eustratio (v. ib. vs. 41) liabuerunt et optiml
visione et partitione facta intelligitur.

Uin nun

die Problerae riclitig zu wahlen,

codd. praebent
lect. Aristot.

idera
vs.

etiara probavit I3randisius in Variet.

2 vero diaXtyELV,

quod Eustratium ha-

buisse constat

(ib. vs. 42),

dum
E.

quid reliqui intpp. habuerint

ignoramus. Boethius et vet. intp. utrumque vertunt j^eligere".

98 a 12 Tois dlXotg,
98 a 13
raine

paraphr. Uiccard. tojv

AAov bene explicat tav yidxco. Eadem ratio est eorum quibus quod commune est nocaret s. quorura g:enus dvcovvfiov namque investiganinteli.

F ei

rav
:

scps^rjg

et cod.

?i

de quibus praedicetur t6 dicovvfiov et quae de ipso praedicentur. Item enim in his atque in iis, quae modo liabuimus vs. 9 11, syllogismo facto apparebit quara ob cauest

dum

quae generi, licet dvcovvnG), subiecta sint eadera praedicentur quae de genere ipso olov sl roig xsQara sx^vClv VTiaQiH xb BX^tv i^lvov ^ xb fii] dficpadovr' iivdt xal ndsara de
iis
:

ktv xb xsQCiT' sxsiv iTietca

y^,

dfjkov

btt

dta tb

xsQat'

l%uv (zb fiS6ov xal ahtov) vTcdQ^st ta

t6
6' ju^ d^cpcodovt'

sivat.

De

re ipsa

v.

tb sxstv sxivov ^ 674b5 xat f.irjQVxd^st

xdnt]?.og

sx^iv

a6nsQ tu xsQatocpOQa, dia tb tag xoikiag oiioiag xoig xsQaxocpoQOtg. xovtov 6' sxaGxov nksiovg sxst xot.

kiag
rj
T^

oTimg

Ijcstdij xrjg:
r]

SQyaGiag

skksiTLSt nsQt tr,v tQ0Cp)]V

ksitovQyia

tov Otoaatog dta xyv svbstav xav ddorTwv,

.,

xav xotkiwv sxsQa TtQbg sxsQag dsxofisvrj xr^v XQOcpiqv ij ^sv dxatSQyaGtov rj bs xatstQyaGnSTrjv ^idkkov., rj ds nd^nav., r] 6s ksiav xakovvtat 8s xavxa xotkia xai xsxQvcpakog xat sxivog xdi r]vv6xQov. 507 b 7 ^sys&si ds nokv skdx.,

xcov s6xtv 6 xsxQvcpakog xrjg xoikiag.

xovtov

6'

sxsxat 6 sxi-

422
vog,
xlc

Analytica posteriora.
svtos

av

XQccxvg

xal Tclccxcodrjg
cf.

xo 8\ ^iye&og na-

QKxk^^^iog xa xBXQVcpcikc}.

Biese

II.

p. IS^i et Aristot.

616 a

1 1.

Deinde de xsQaxocpOQOLg 501 a 12 b6a ^iv yccQ Igxl xsQaxocpoQa ovx dficpcodovTd sQxiv ot) yccQ Ixst xovg nQoG^iovg
ddovxag

mX

T^g

avo

6iay6vog.
66:1

sCxi 8' Ivia otjx d^cpcodovxa

xal dasQaxa

olov xdfirjkog.

^axog

(inteli.

b3l xtjv yovv xoiovxov 6c6xov dGxcodovg Iv xoig Gaiia6i xav t^cocov xal

yscadov^) nsQi66o3fiaxiKrjv vTiSQ^okrjv sv xoig ^SLt,o6i

xav

^cpcov

V7cdQxov6av sni ^oijQ^stav xal x6 6v(iq)iQov xaxaxQ^^xat rj cpv6ig xal xrjv QSov6av s^ dvdyKrjg slg xbv dvco xotcov rolg ^sv slg ddovxagxal xavhodovxag aTcsvsiiis, xolg d' slg nsgaxa. 8i6
s6XiV d(icpa8ov' dvco yccQ ovx sxsi tovg 7CQo6^iovg 686vxag' dcps\ov6a yocQ svxiv^sv rj q)v6ig totg xsQa6i nQo6s&rjxs, xal o] 8i8ofiSvr] tQoq)fj slg roug 686vxag xovtovg sig xrjv xav asQdxav av^r]6iv dvaki^nstai. Cf.

xav xSQaxocpoQcov ov8sv

65la30, b30. 98a20 Denique etiam aiia ratio est, <jua quae alicui rei propria sint et cum eius natura coniuncta expiorentur nam etiam si quae non in eodem genere simt, sive nominato sive anony:

mo, tamen interdum accidit, ut sint dvdkoya ex qua quidem dvakoyicc.^ quippe quae communem quandam rerum naturam exprimat, colligi possimt quae singulis rebus quamvis diverEtenim sicut quod de genere praedicasis sint communia. tur idem etiam de iis quae generi subiecta simt recte dicitur, ita etiam quod de imiversa quadam dvakoyicc valet, id etiam de singulis quorum cadem est dvaXoyia recte dicetur: nam una demonstratione complecti licet quaecunque sunt Eandem quam nostro loco dvaXoyiav dvdXoya (14 a 20). commemorat 644 b 12 tcc yhcQ fi6Qia 8iacpSQ0v6i xovtcov ov xij dvdkoyov 6(ioi6xrjXi, olov sv dv^Qcbnca y.al ix^vi tcstcovQ^sv 66XOVV 7CQ6g dKavQ^av. 654 a 20 vTcdQxsi 5' iv aTuxolg nal x6 olov sv (isv xalg 6r]dvdloyov xalg xav Ix^vav dxdvQ^aig
:

niaig x6 xakov^isvov 6i]7CiOV (Blik.

dedit
(jT^jrtor,

6r]7ciov.,

quamquam 679a21
^icpog.

quod, ut scriptura aequalis esset, etiam 98a21

exhibuimus) sv 8s xalg xsv%i6i x6 xaXov^ievov

Cap. 15. Eadem problemata sunt quorum aut idem terminus medius aut quorum alter alteri subiectus est.
:

est

98 a 25 oxL itdvxa dvxi7CSQi6xa6ig haec enim causa est pluviae et somni et febris: 360 b 31 v6avx6g xs yccQ r] yrj ^r^QULVo-

Analytica posteriora.

423

(X8V1] vno Ti xov iv aitfj d^SQ^ov xal vnh xov dva&sv dva%vpn.&xai, xovto 6' rjv dvs^ov 6a^a. xal otav ij xotavtr] dno-

XQtOig

Gd^at xb

^ xal KVB^oc xaxixcoGi, navo^ivcav dia x6 dTCoxQivE&SQ^6v dd xal dvaq)EQE69ai slg x6v dvco xonov 6vvrj

iGxaxui

dx^lg ^vxofisvrj xal yiv&xai v8c3Q

vscpr]

'

xal oxav Big

rj

xavxov 6vvG)6&aQi xa
|tg,

xal dvxijrEQiGrfi slg avTo.

ipv-

vdojQ yivErai xal xuxail^vxii xrjv ^i^Qav dva^^v^iiaGiV. Coli.

xi fiiv ovv xo alxiov xov xaQ^EvdsiV. sXxov Gcoiiaxcodovg xov dvacpSQOfisvov vno

348 b 2 sqq. 458 a 25

Qrjxai.,

oxi

ri

V7t6

xov Gv^cpvxov &SQ^ov dvxiJtSQiCxaOig dx^Qooag stcI x6 TtQcaxov ai69i]x^Qiov. Cf. 457 b l c>6xB cpavSQOv sx xav stQrj^svav oxi 6 VTivog S6xi 6vvod6g xig xov &sq^ov s\'6co xal dvnTiBQi6xa6ig cpv6iK7] dicc xt]v SiQ7]^svt]v alxiav. 458 a 10 sysiQSxai

oxav nscp^Ti xai XQaxy6y rj 6vvsco6^svr] &SQ^i6xr]g sv dkiyco xov nsQis6xG)xog xal 8iaxQi%fj xo xs 6mpLaxGi6s6xBQov alfia xal x6 xa&aQohaxov. Coli. 96.3a9 sqq. 909 a 22 bidxi Bv xf] ipvxQOxdx]] xcoQa ot xav6oi (idkkov yivovxat; r] dioxi
d'

jtoXlr] Bx

dvxinsQ ii6ty]6i x6
Qsx6g xcav
f^cj

il^vxog si^co tr]V Q^SQ(i6xr]xa; iv 8b

xa

^SQSi

xovvavxiov 6v(i^aivsi xd

Bi6co il^vxQoxsQa.

6 ds xav6og nv-

xaxstpvy^iivav xd s6oo QsQ(i6xr]Xi vnsQ^dXksi.

efficiuntur enim Sunt alia quorum causa imaginum quas quaedam
:

IJacfrr^itilPOmniareT eBtiem caiisa gignuntur

per caioris quandani densationem.

,

genere eadem est, veiut sonorum corpora reddunt et arcus pluvii nam communis omnium causa in eo est, qnod aliquid refringitur, differunt autem (vs. 26) aut in eo quod aut quomodo refringitur: refringitur enim aut aer aut lumen, sed aliter, si in speculo imago, aliter, si arcus
:

pluvii apparet.

98a30

dtaqpfpEt.

diflferentiam

quandam exposuerit

Exspectabas t diceret ravTa' B6xiV., sed quum in iis quae proxime ante-

cedunt
Cap.

(vs. 26), negligentius dixit 8iacpiQBi.

Ifi.

Eiiam
et

si simiil sint

et inter se

convertantur id
est

quod probetur

id ex quo.,

tamen non demonstrandum

alternm titrum ex altero., sed ut vera comparetur scientia, terminus medius exprimere semper debet caiisam eius quod cogitur. b25 Unius et eiusdem rei una sola est causa ex qua
recte colligitur et

cum qua
id

convertitur.
et id ex
si

98a35 Quaeritur mim

quod demonstretur
olov

quo
r]v

(ef-

fectus et causa) simul esse possint:

x6 xi

Sivac

424
tu)

Analytica posteriora.
q)vXXoQooBiv

Bijtl t6 Ttlarea %iv rcc qjvXla (vs. 38) , tov aorlv oQiG^bg aal aitLov rb rr]v yrjv bv fiBCq) tlvai, rb aXriov Ttal rb alrtarbv a^a vnaQXBt,' sl yag fir] a^a^

d' liikiimiv

ors vTcaQXBt rb airiarov^ rb alriov ov^ vnaQ^Bi y.al iGrai dkko Tt uXnov rav airiarav (b 2). Si igitnr simui sunt quod probatur et id ex quo, alterum utrum demonstrari poterit ex altero tamen (bl7), quum causa efFectu prior sit, fieri non
:

utrumque sit causa alterius. Quae quidera diffiquod aitera demonstratio quae ex causa efFectum coiligit patefacit t6 8ia Ti, quod intelligcre debet qui verara rei habet scientiam, altera vero quae causam ex efFectu, niliii cogit nisi t6 on, ex quo solo ipsa rei natura non intelligitur.
potest, ut
cultas toUitur eo,
,

98a37

BL q)vXkoQQOBi^ cf. T83b 10 rav (pvrav ra (isv dBicpvkXa xa 8b (pvXXo^okBL. Ib. 18 aXrLov 8b rov Ttdx^ovg BvSsta vyQori]rog Q^BQ^^g roiovrov 8b {idXLGra rav vyQav rb XinaQov 8ib xal rav cpvrav ta XLnaQo. dBL(pvXXa ^akkov. Vs. 38 Brandisius in Variet. lect. Aristot. scribi vult rov (ih botl ex coniectura Casauboni, quam coraprobare videtur Boethii au,

ctoritas.

Sylb. coniecit toi5tou B6riv.

rCp koyco

98b22 Bv yhcQ 93b25 Eidem

v.

quae habuimus 93 b

6.

dilficultati

de qua

modo

diximus

num

alio

modo
;

mecleri possit, exponit: surasit enim pro concesso (vs. 2) eius-

dem

rei

imam soiam

dari causam, ex qua rite cogatur

iam

igitur quaerit

num

plures esse possint.

Ac

videntur quidem

dem
et

diversae esse posse eiusdera rei i^A) caxisae, velut si eovero de iure praedicetur de quo etiam de C,

de Bj diversis igitur terminis mediis interpositis {B et C) idem (^) praedicari cogitur: unde apparet (vs. 29) ex certis quibusdam causis {B et C) coliigi quidem posse certum quendam eff^ede
E.,

consequitur

praedicari et de

et

ctum

(/> et E).,

ex effectu vero causam (quura eidera rei pluita

res eaeque diversae subesse possint causae) non

posse, ut ex qua causa provenerit recte cogatur:

derivari

nam quum

terminum ^ de alio praedicari et termino B et termino G medio interposito colligi possit, ex conclusione ipsa non intelligitur per utrura terminum medium coacta sit. 98b26 Codd. invitis servavimus jrpojrcov, quod etBkkus recepit
27 bis legitun^rpwTW. Boeth. de pluribus primis praedicari primo", ut legisse videatur
et sequentia postulant:
vs.

nam

Analytica posteriora.
jiQatcov xaTi]yoQl6&aL

425

nQatag: qiiare neque ex Boethii verquae habent paraphr. Ricc. et Prodr. (v. I. p. 65) quae vera sit lectio colligi potest. Edd. prr. xatr]yoQHG^ai. TiQcdtcos. Accedit quod TCQatov mendi specietn habet, quare alterara lectionem praetuiimus. Ceterum v. quae diximus ad 6Hb2(). 98b32 lam refellit ea quae dixit in antecedentibus. Si, inqult, iiniversale esse debet quodcunque ad demonstrandum proponitur, et terminus medius (id ex quo demonstratur) universalis esse et de eo quod demonstratur universo praedicari debet, utneutrumneutro nequeiatiuspateatneque an^ustius qua in re nihil refert utrum id ad quod demonstratio pertineat plures (diversas) habeat species (e. g. etiam si id de quo
sione neque

ex

iis

praedicatur t6 q^vkXoQQoelv plures liabeat species, tamen de

hisce ipsis

sive

quaedam plantarum species non habeat. Quare fvs. 35) in

terminus exprimit ro rt

plantae intelliguntur universe sive certa praedicabitur omnibus) an

iis
,

syllogismis
id

rjv aivai

quorum medius quod probatur et id ex

quo eundem ambitum habere debent, ut converti possint. Velut si tov q)vkkoQQOElv vera causa est ?y Trijhg tov vyQOv, et ex illo recte colligetur ^ Ttrj^ig et ex hac to q)vlloQQOHVy quamquam servato eo discrimine qnod indicatum est ts. 20. \ erba iit] otaovv dkka dsvdQCO vs. 38 adiecit, ut significet non latius patere debere id ex quo demonstretur (trjv nii^iv) quam id quod demonstretur (tb (pvkkoQQOslv) alterum_ejiijn ex alter non demonstrabitur, nisi quatenus utrumque refertnr ad id ad quod omnis haec demonstratio perti-

nel__(to devdQov).

Cap. 17. Si idem de pluribm praedicatur id., nisi demonstretur xata Gu.ulSf^j^xdg, es eadem causa demonstraudum est: conclusionis ambiguae terminus medius ambiguus est. 16 Terminus rnaior ?ninorem ambitu exaequare debet., quamquam
.,

30 Idem, si latius patere debet singulis quae in illo insunt. praedicalur de rebr/s specie diversis per diversos terminos medios demonstrari potest.
,

99 al Eandem^^uaestionem, de qua modo egit, iam ita discernit,-ait-dicat diversam esse non posse causam (terminum medium intell.), ex qua idem de pluribus praedicaii demonstreturj si neque ex signo (v. Anal. pr. c. 2T, exempla v.

426

Analytica posteriora.

167 b 5 sqq.) neque xatcc Gv^^E^rjxog^ sed ex ipsa rei natura cogatur quod colligatur, quia terminus raedius definitionem
(to Tt ^v sCvat,, 6 loyog vs. .3) maioris termini exprimat; si vero non exprimat, idem diversis terminis mediis interpositis

cogi posse.

Potest qnidem etiam qnaeri, quisnam

fiat sylio-

medius ciim raaiore (ov ccItlov sc. t6 ^eGov namquemediusdefinitionem inaioris constituit) et minore(c) ttXtiov namque medius in causa est, quod de minore praedicatur.maior) non natura coniunctus sit, sed iccctcc 6vii^gismiis, ^i terminus

^rjxog,
(v.

quamquam

agitur enim de vera demonstratione). Si nihiiominus tamen cogatur aliquid Tiatcc Gv^^e^rjKog, termini medii eadem utique erit ra-

32^22.

a vera scientia talia quaerere alienum est

,

JCQO^X^fiata^ intell. ajrodctxTtxa

tio

atque conclusionis ipsius: namque

si

ambiguum

est

qnod
si

cogitur,

etiam terminus medius ambiguitatem

in

habebit;
e. g. si

raaiorem ad minorem generis rationem liabere colligitur, item

medius

maior

inerit sicut in

genece species
.

quis

quaerat causam ob quam proportionis membra inter se convertantur, alia causa alferenda est, si de lineis, alia, si de

numeris agatur, eadem vero, si (quod fieri debere exposuit 14 a 18) uha demonstratio complectatur qiiaecunque sint civdXoya: namque si de iineis iliud demonstratur, quatenus lineae sunt, de numeris, quatenus numeri, alia causa est in
singulis (demonstraretur aiitein xata Gvii^e^rjxog), si vero una demonstratione complectimur haec omnia, ex eadera causa simui de omnibus proportionis membra converti posse demonstramus, quatenus eadem ratione (dva Xoyov) aucta sunt orania. (Vs. 9 interpunctionem mutavimus, ut sententia ma-

Similitudinis vero (vs. 11) colorum et perspicua fieret.) figurarum non eadem est causa, sed alia utriusque nara sirailitudo in his ambigua vox est. Eorum autem (vs. 15) quae sunt ai/zioyo: quum^communis quaedam natui*a sit, etiam terminus medius, iit qui coraraunem eorum caiisam .exprimat, eandem rationem habere debet. 99 a 16 De singulorum terrainorum ratione dicendura est, quod maior (t6 ov altiov) latius patet minore (d) amot'), si de
gis
:

singulis eius partibus in conclusione

praedicatur,

coniiinctis

vero partibus aequalis est: nara, si vel trianguli vel quadrati anguli externi quattuor rectis aequales esse dicuntur, id quod

de

iis

praedicatur latius patet

quam trianguium

et

quadra-

Analytica posteriora.
tum, non latius quam ea de quibus coniunctis per eundem terminum medium angulos externos quattuor rectis aequales
esse demonstrari potest (omnes figuras intelligit quae iatera habent directa) nam in vera demonstratione terminus medius maioris definitionem exprimit , quae imam semper et eandem declarare debet causam ob quam idem praedicetur de singidis quae termino minori subiecta sint quare etiam a definitione proficiscitur omnis scientia quae demonstratione nititur. Itm v. c. t6 (pvkkoQQoetv et de vite et de ficu praedicatur, quamquam etiam latius patet et de piuribus praedicatur, non latius patet tota specie rav nXaxvrpvXXciv: qu^e^^uf cogatur tb (pvkkoQQOHV praedicari de vite et ficu, termini medii locum tenere debet causa prima et proxima TOv cpvXXoQQOHV . quac definitione exprimitur: namque primus et proximus terminus medius, si a minore (a vite et ficu intell.) incipias {nQGizov knl ^drsQa ^u6ov)^ certam quandam plantarum speciera exprimit (speciem twv JtXatvipvkkcov ^ in qua insunt vitis et ficus (oTt Toiadl ccTcavta)); deinde alio termino medio opus erit , qui definiat quid sit tb cpvkkoQQOBLV. quare demonstratio procedet sic: t6 cpv?.loQQOELV A (terminus maior), t6 nriyvvG^ai tbv djtov B (terminus medius), tcc nXatvcpvXXa (xoLabl ccjiavta) F (medius alter), d^TtsXos xal Gvxij xal Tcdvta ta xaO'' sxaGta nXatvcpvXka z/ (terminus minor). Bene hoc exposuit Biesel. p. 31T. 99a29 Pro GTtSQfiatog ed. Isingr. legi vult dxdvov: significat enim GneQ^a hoc loco id ex quo incrementum capit planta et quod efficit ut crescat, semen quod singiilas gemmas agit,
: :

T7jv aQxrjv Tijs av^i^6ec3S-

99 a 30

nam

quae diximus ad 26 b 33 et 34) quam terminorum coniunctio quaecunque idem esset enim, si dixisset 0TOt%ia)T', pro (Sxyj[idtcav. Vs. 32 enl nlsiov 8s, intell. ovx dnaOi 8e Toig jcJ
(Jj^^iita

hic latius patet hic

niliil

(v.

<J;t^fia

aliud est

enl nXsLov, dkk' sn' i6ov.

99a35

naQSxtSLVSL^ h.

e.

alterum secundum alterum

ita

exten-

ditur, ut aequalia ea esse appareat, cf. enextetvei,

quod haconse-

buimus 96

a 24.

99a36

in causa est,

quod Jl praedicatur

deD: unde
non

quitur

latius

patere

quam B, nam
etiam

si

latius pateret,

sed aequale esset termino B. quo iure

AP

cogitur per ter-

minum raedium B, eodera

BD

cogi posset per termi-

428

Analytica posteriora.
si

num jnedium A. Quare

de termino
sitio
A'

iatius patet terraino

etiam

AE

^,
j

ita ipsa

omni praedicari poterit, quae quidem proposicut AI) demonstrabatur per terminum mcdium demonstrabitur per alium terminum medium, qui

jj

ambitu exaequet coniunctas partes termiui (EGrat, tLBxsivttl nam si niliii esset quod terminis et comnuine esset et quo alterum cum altero connecteretur. neque terminum de eo omni, de quo ^, praedicari neque (quodconvcrsa propositione^^ consequitur) terminum de eo aliquo, de quo A, praedicari verum esset: quare (b 1) niliii
^v ccTCuvxa)
:

'

proiiibet,

quin

mediinn

demonstrabatur,
qui

alium terminum igitur terminus C,

per terminum de praedicari per medium demonstretur: inv^tigamtus erit

sicut

de

praedicari

ita

etiam

partes termini

coniunctas ambitu

exaequet easque definiat.

99 b 4 rov avxov (xov

avxolg XG)
.

intell.) jtleico

(B

et F),

eLdsi:

nam

specie difFerre debent

akV oi) et E,

xots

quia

ut per

eorum quae eadem specie continentur eadem est definitio, eundem terminum medium demonstrentur. ^iaxQO^Ltt BivaL A, firj ax^LV xolrjv B, XBXQajioda BLvai A, nxrjvcc
BLvaL E, ^rjQa BLvaL F.

Vs. 7

tg

xb dxo^ov
(irjde

firj

e^ddvg bqbISbl,

XBO^ttL, h. e.

[ir]

BLvaL dxo^ua eXdeL aOxe

xavxa xa

Cap. 18. Si quid colligilur non de specie aliqua tmiversa, sed de singulis quae ei subiecta sunt , terminus medius quo uteiidum est non terniini maioris defuiitionem exprimere sed singulis rebus, de quibus colligitur, propior esse debet,
.,

99 b 9 Facile inteiliguntur haec omnia, si exemplnm quod supra exposuimus ad 99 a 16 extr. ante oculos liabemus iam igitur demonstranda sit per termiquaerit utrum propositio
:

AA

num mediura B (xb neCov xb TiQbg xb icaQolov TCQcbxov) an per J^ (xb ^BGov xb TtQbg xb xa&' Bxa6xov). Respondet eum semper adliibendum esse terminum medium, qui termino minori ( ttlxiov) proximus sit. Hic enim (xb F) in causa est, quod terminus miuor (A quera vs. 11 appeiiat xb TtQaxov, id de quo demonstratur intell. TtQbg rjii&g^ xb xaO'' BnaQxov
, ,

quod proinde primum est in demonstratione) continetur termino maiore (liunc enim dicit xb na^olov) , olov xov xb B vTtaQxBLV xa A xb r ttixLOV. xb p.BV ovv F aixLOV xa A xb dh B ttlxLOV xov toi) A (h. e. xov xa A vjittQXBLV xb A)
et
,

'

An alytica po8 teriora.

429

ra

r",

TOtf ds tovrc}

iiain

propositio

AB

(ra B) vndQxnv t6 A^ avrb (ariov. aiiunde demonstrari nequit.

Qap. 19.
cognoscantur.
sensibus

Quaeritur quomodo fiat , ut scientiae principta 32 Describitur qua ratione a rebus singulis quae
sint

subiectae

perveniamus ad qrtem quandam

nititur.,

et

scientiam.

100 b 3 Principia^ quibus vera scientia

mens

ipsa percipit et sola intelligit.

99b22 ^

ai5tTj, intell. rqa

S7ti0ra(S&ai dc' aTtodd^eag.

i-jiareQov., h. e.

dvanobeUrav.

rav dnodeixrLxav xal tc5v Vs. 25 eleiq dicit tmv dfieGav

Vs. 24 d^icav dg^av xal

T>yV

yvaaiv.

99b26

quibus demonstratur iam cognita habemus, absurdi aliquid exit: haberemus enim cognitionem demonstratione potiorem et certiorem, quaraquam lioc ipsi neSi principia ex

sciremus; sivexo scientiae principia non natura in animis

nostris inhaereat, sed

comparantur quo modo cuuque, unde dubitatur: nam (quod dictum est Anal. post. init.) fieri omnino non potest qnin atiquid cognoscatur, nisi quid sit quod iam cognitum habeamus. Unde apparet principiorum scientiam neque natura nobis datam esse neque ullo modo comparari
cognoscantur,

quum

principii cognitione nuiia prior sit,

posse

nisi aniraus^

noster natura

ita

conforraatus

sit

ut fa-

cuitate

quadam,(qua principia cognoscat, praeditus

principia

sit (pLij-

Ilabemus igitur facuitatem quancognoscimus, quamquam haec facultas, qualem natura nobis dedit, non ita comparata est, ut cognitio quae ex ea fluat praestet ei quam per deraonstrationem Vs. 39 coraraa post 6' delevimus, quum consequimur. non repetendum sit eyyivttai ex antecedentibus , sed iv olg
8ep,iav exovOtv e^cv vs. 32).

dara qua

de h.

1.

idem

sit

quod

e6rt 6' ev olg.

p.

99b34

lOObn

v.

Trdlbg. de an.

170

174.

Eiusdem El.

136 sqq. C. Heyder Kritische Darstellung und Vergleichimg der Aristot. u. Hegelschen Dialektik I. p. 163 et Conferenda sunt cum hoc loco quae habemus p. 167. not. 980 a 29 (pvGei p>ev ovv aYo^rjGiv exovra yiveraL ta ^a, ex
log. p.

de T^s ai6&)]0eag tolg p.ev

d' lyyivBtai.

avtav ovx

eyyiveraL

(iv^p,r].,

tolg

xal dLa toijto tavta (pQOVLp,atega

fivrjfiovevetv
p,r]

^fal [lad^rj-

tLTcatBQa

tav iir] 8vvap,evav pev dvev tov p,av%dveLV, oQa

LV,

edtiv.

(pQOVLpa

bvvatat tav ipocpav dxovt,(pGiv

olov (ishtta., xal sY tL tOLoijtov AAo ysvog

e^uv

4S0
^ttv&dvBL
6t,v.

Analytica posteriora.
6'

xa

filv

o6a TtQos ffj fivyfir] xcd ravtrjv ^x^t rrjv a.lL6&7jovv &kla rais (pavtaGiaig t,fl xat talg fiv^^aig,

iHTCBiglag 6b ^stBx^i iii,xq6v' rd dh rcbv dv&QC07ic3v yivog xal rixvy xal loyiG^olg. Sensmira perceptione omnia animalia praedita siint, quamquam in aliis manet eorumque animis

quod senserunt, in aliis non inhaeret. lam ea, in quibus nihil raanet, niliii oranino cognoscunt praeter ea quae sentiuntur, aut certe eas res, quarura iraago in animis non inhaeret, non cognoscunt nisi per sensum, h. e. non cognoscunt nisi quae sentiuntur, quura sensu percipiuntur et quainliaeret

tenus sensu percipiuntur

aliis

vero animalibus sentientibus

postquam senserunt) aiiquid manet et inhaeret in anirao. (Quod Trdlbgi lectionera (v. El. log. p. 22 coU. p. 136) BVBGti ^7] alG^avopLBVoig non recepimus, et codicum
(h. e.

etiam postea

nos movit auctoritas et insignis Aristotelis in scribendo negligentia, de qua saepissime dixiraus: naraque nobis quidem
videtur ferri posse vulgaris lectio
significat cod.
,

si

locum

ita intelligas \it

alo&avo^Bvoig vvv, bxbiv ^Tt vGtBQOv Iv ffj ipvx'^ a jja&Bto. Praeterea notandura est quod Brandisius (Variet. lect. Aristot.) scribivult bv Ttpro
,

iv olg 6^ BviGtLV

Boethii versio videtur confirraare.) Sin autera hoc saepe factum est (lOOal), ut eorura, quae sensibus percepta sint, quasi iraagines in animo inhaeserint, iara aha aliter his iraaginibus iituntur (^ijdtj diaipoQd tig ylvBtac, non recte Biese I. p. .332 ^es erzeugt sich nach ofterer Wiederholung solcher Erinnerungen und Bilder eine gewisse Art des Unterscheidens") alia enim ratione ducuntur, alia ratione destituta sunt: nam eorum quae sensu percepta in animo inhaerent fit recordatio, e recordatione vero eiusdera rei quae saepius repetitur fit b^tcblQia, quae in eo consistit, ut quod universale sit et singulis rebus quas sensu percepiraus coramune cognoscatur et animo
:

lOOal, quod

et edd. Bas. Pac. Sylb. al. exliibuerunt et

conceptum penitus
stabilitum
not. 4.

in

raemoria inhaerescat,
cf.

quasi infixura et

{JiQB^i^Gavtog vs. 6,
rj

16b21.

Blese

I.

p. 328.

247 b 10
'

8'

dQxi]g k^^^Lg rrjg

BjtL^r-^^rjg

yivB^Lg

ra yaQ i^QB^rjCaL xal CrrivaL rrjv dLdvoLav BTiiGrao{>x B6tLV O^aL xal q)QovBLV kiyo^Bv... 8l6 xal ta jtaLdla odtB ^avddVBLV dvvaraL oijrB %atk rhg al6%^<iBLg o^oicag aQLVBiv roig
7CQB(3^vrBQOLg

nokkrj yccQ

rj

raQa%ri xal

ij

xivr]6Lg.

xa&iGtattvtijg^

xaL 8b

xttl i^QB^it,BrttL TCQog

bvlu

^iv vnd T^g cpvGBcog

Analytica posteriora.
:

43BI

sic igitur ex singulis quae sensii XQog ^tvia d' viC aAAcjv) percepimus una quaedani notio universalis formatur, quae, si ad agendum et faciendum pertinet, artis, si ad id quod est, scientiae estprincipium. Quare (vs. 10) principiorum certa cognitio neque natura animo nostro data est, neque ex alia cognitione eaque potiori qualicunque elicitur vel derivatur, sed ex singulis quae sensu percipiuntur colligitur nam sicut in pugna acies in fugam coniecta per unum qui revertitur, ut impetum sustineat, ad ordinem reducitur, ita etiam eorum quae sensu percipiuntur fuga sistitur et ad ordinem revocatur, ut primum aiiquid in loco manet et in animo inhaeret, quo innixa reliqua consistere possint. Quod Aristoteles addidit fog l%\ (XQyJjv rjk&ev Trdlbg. interpretatur donec res ad imperium redierit". At ne \mo quidem verbo res significatur quae ad imperium redeat, neque omnino de redeundo quidquam dicitur, sed de eimdo {rjXd^ev). Quare equidem haec verba de aciei et fugae principio dicta et ita explicanda putaverim, ut, quum similitudo non in singulis quaeri deheat, sed in re universa quae Aristoteiis animo ohversabatur, Namque vera mens Arisingula verha non premenda sint. stotelis videtur haec esse, ut dicat donec, sicut inordinata quod fit, si etiam acies universa ad ordinem reducitur sic etiam omnia q\iae qui primus fugit ad ordinem redit
:

sensu percepta praeterfugiunt coiiiguntur et consistere coguntur".

9lTa.31 et 941 a
fiat

Eadem qua hoc loco similitudine Aristoteles utitur 11. De re imiversa cf. 980 h 28 yiyvexav d"

sx tijg ^v^firjg B^TCSiQia roig dv&QcbnoLg' ai yccQ JtokXal ^vij-

rov avroi) TCQay^arog ^tag e^TtSLQiag dvva^Lv dnorsXovxal doxsi 6%s8bv STCLdri^fiy xai tsxvi;] o^olov sivai ij s^yivsraL 6s rsxvrj , orav sx noXkcbv rijg SfinsLQiag nsLQia BVVor]^drc3v fita xa^okov yivrjraL tisql tav o^oiav vxokrjtpLg^ Cf. Trdlhg. 1. 1. p. 13T. et quae sequuntur. 100 a 14 ndXaL respicere videtur ad 97 h 7 sqq. 100 a 15 lam si quid eorum, quae sensu percepta specie non difFerunt, constitit, ea prima est notio imiversalis quam animus concepit (quamquam enim singula sensu percipiuntur, tanien etiam notiones generales sensu quodam modo cogno6lv.
. .

scuntur) deinde ex primis illis notionihus universaiihus alia formatur, quae compiectitur ea quae illis coramimia sunt et
,

432
sic porro,

Analytica posteriora.
donec ad summa genera perventum
notione
sit,

quae ipsa

nuUa

alia

continentur sicut pars toto et ex quibus

aliae notiones

gnuntiir:
saies
sint

universales, sicut ex partibus totum, non giunde apparct quo iure eae quae maxime univer-

dicantur xa

d^ieQtj

(b2).
xccl

ra

koycj

ra

drjkovvri

axaOrov
xccl

Ct". 102'ib24 tcc sv ravra ^oQia tov okov

8ib rb yBVog rov stdovs quod genus dvvd^H insit

fiEQog

XiyBtai

(si

consideretur

in

specie),

dkXas 61 tb sldos tov

ytvovs (^SQOs. 100 b l Trendlbg.

.

El. log. p. 22 ex coniectura dedit

ib.

ndhv

6'

ev,

quamquam
b 5

ipse

p. 139 (ed.

III.

p. 144) particulam 61 non

omnino necessariam esse

100

iudicavit.

Quum

aliae cognitiones (eae quaeinintellectupositaesunt)

semper et necessario verae sint, aliae hanc necessitatem non habeant, sed etiam faisae esse possint, in illis vero numeranda sint quum ea quae per demonstrationem sciantur tum etiam ea quae sola raentis contemplatione (unmittelbare inteliectuelle Anschauung) intelligantur, ut nuila cognitio certior sit ea quae mentis contemplatione comparetur, deinde quum principia (vs. 9), ex quibus demonstretur , demonstratione. ipsa certiores esse debeant, mentis contemplationera ad principia pertinere apparet (i/oi)g av sXt] rav dQx&v vs. 12. Ordinera singulorura membrorum oratioCf. 85 al, 88b36. quod saepius ei accinis mutavimus, quum ab Aristotele
dit

non

ita disposita sint,

ut sententia exeat
orationis vs. 5

sima:

nam tum

quia prior pars

'10

quam

claris-

longior

facta est, tura quia singula argumenta,

quae in ea afferunQuoniara au-

tur, sine ordine exposita sunt, repeti debebat vs. XO sjieI...

voifv,

quod iam habuiraus

(vs.

vs.

8 aal odbsv...).
ratiocinatione

non potest, uon datur: simul autem neque eorum quae demonstrantur principia ipsa demonstrari neque eorum quae sciantur principia sciri consequitur (dixit enim
tera

10)

scientia

sine

esse

scientia quidera principioriim

scientiara hic eara intelligi

si

quae deraonstrari

possit).

Quare,

praeter scientiara, quae in iis rebus quae demonstrari possunt ipsi mentis contemplationi (ttj voi]6el) praestat (88 a 6),
nulia alia nobis data est veri cognoscendi facultas, iinura re-

linquitur,
sit

ut raens ipsa, quae principia intueatur,

(cf.

scientiae
ical ^ijds-

principium

1141 a

.3

si 6rj

ols

dXij&svoiisv

Analytica posteriora.
Ttots

433

diaTJ^Evdo^id^a

JtsQi

tk

ixr]

svdsxofisva

^ xal svdsxo(5o(pia

fisva cclkag s%slv^

STttGttjfii]

xal cpQ6vr]6is sGtu xal

zal

vovg, rovtcov ds tav tQtav ^r]9hv svdsxstat slvat {Xsyco 8s

XsiTtstat vovv slvai tav quod mens. quiim omnium rerum, quarumcunque detur scientia, principia cognoscat et quasi ample-

tQia cpQovr^Gtv sniGt^^rjv Gocpiav)^

(^QXa)v).

Qiiid

'l

ctatur, ipsius principii (h.

ficisci

e.

eius a quo omnis scientia pro-

debeat) principiura esse recte dicatur.

De mentis

notione
III.

et

actione

exposuit de anim.

cap. 4

6,

quld senserit Aristoteles

ubi conf. quae disputavit

Trendlbg. Biese
T^

Rassow p. 12 sqq. 430 a 26 I. p. 327. not. 4. ^sv ovv tcbv cldtatQStcov vorjGtg sv Towotg, tisqI a ova
'

sGti T(> xjjsvdog

ttg
i]dr]

sv olg ds xcd tb ipsvdog %ai t6 cxXr]dsg, Gvvd^sGig

vor]^dtcov coGnsQ fV dvtcov. Ib. b 5

7/oi)g
iQ

sxaGtov.

Ib,

26 sGtt

8' r]
r)

^sv

nsQ
srag,

xatdcpaGtg., xat dXfjd^rjg

tbdVav ytoiovv., tovto xatd ttvog., coGi^svdtjg TtdGa' 6 bs vovg oi)

cpccGtg Tt

dXK

6 tov ti sGtt Tcatd tb ti

'

rjv slvat dXrj^iqg.,

nal

oi5 xX

aatd tLVog
d^QCOTtog

aAA' coGtcsq tb
r]

t6 Avx6v

fi^,

OQdv tov idiov dXr]9sg., ovx dhj^sg dsi, ovtcog

si 5'

dv-

sxst

oGa

dvsv vXr]s. 105lb24 t6 fisv d^tyslv jcal cpdvat dkr]^sg (TtSQt ta dGvv^sta inteli.)... t6 6' dyvoslv ftrj d^tyydvstv. 1072 a 30 vovg ds VTtb Toi? vorjtov xtvsitat. Ib. b 20 avtbv 8s vosl 6

vovg xatd

fistdkr]ipLv

ydvov

xal

voav

coGts

tov vor]tov vot]tbg yccQ yiyvstai %Lytavtbv vovg xal voijtov. tb ytcQ

dsxtixbv tov vorjtov xal T^g ovGiag vovg.

aGt' sxstvo (idXkov tovtov b doxsl 6
7] 7]

svsQyst 8s sxcav
sxslv
,

vovg &stov

xal

d^scoQia tb r]8LGtov aaX

yaQ vov svsQysta

dficpotSQa
sGtl xal
'

^ai].

xat ^ar] 6s ys VTtdQxst' aQtGtov 1143 a 35 xai 6 vovg tcov sGxdtav

.
.

3c'

xal yccQ

tav

TtQcotav

oqov xal

tcov sGxdtcov

od Xoyog, xat 6 nsv xatd tdg dTtodsi^stg xav dxLVi]tav OQav xaX itQCOtav 6 6' sv tatg jtQaxttxalg tov sGxdtov xaX svdsxo^svov xaX trjg stsQag TtQotdGsag' aQxaX yaQ xov ov svsxa avtaL sx tav xaO"' s-xaGta yaQ xb xa^o-

vovg

'

Aov.

tovtav ovv

s^slv 8sl aXG%Y]GLV ,

Stb xaX dQxr] xaX tsXog voi^g.

6 vovg T^s cpvGsag tslog. tb ^slttGtov savta, 6 8' S7ttstxr]g TtstQ^aQXSL ta va.
sl
6r]

avtr] d' sGtt vovg 1334 b 15 6 8s Xoyog rj^tv xaX 1169 a 17 ndg yaQ vovg atQsltaL
.
.

1177^30

d^siov 6 voijg

nQbg tbv dv&Qanov

ilivxr]

xaX 6 xatd tovtov

^iog ^SLog TtQbg tbv dv^QCOTtLVov ^iov,

coil.

1178a7, 1179a27.
8sG7totLxr]v dg-

1254 b 5
II.

j;

(ilv

yaQ

tov Gcofiatog dQxst

28

14
%iljv
,

Analytica posteriora.
6 ds vovg r^g dQS^sag nohtLxrjv xal ^aGtXm^^v
*

sv olg

tpavsQov s6tiv oti xata (pvGiv xal Gv^cpsQOv to

dQji^sGQ^ai tco

6(6fiatL VTtd tijg ipvxijg xat tc) nad^rjtLXCJ (ioqlg) vjco

xal tov (lOQiov tov Xoyov sxovtog

ts

tb

d' s^

taov

?}

tov vov dvdnaKtv

^Xa^SQOv 3cd6LV. 1334 b 20 trjg ipvxijg oQ&fisv 6vo fisQrj, to dkoyov xai to Xoyov s%ov xaX tag s^stg tdg tovtcov 8vo tbv dQi&fiov, cov tb fisv s6tiv SQS^ig tb 8s vovg. Deniqiie cf. 955 b 26, ib. vs. 35, quem locuin in prooera. Analyt. poster. adscripsimus. Quid differant voblv et tpQovstv exposuit Trdibg. de anim. p. 452.
,

T O P
JLiibri
cis

A.

Topicorum, qiii etiam simpliciter ab interpretibus graedicuntur ot Tonot (ut a Davide schol. 22a21, 27b38 et4I, a Simplicio schoi. 23 a not. coli. 30a4l, a Pliilopono ib. 142 b 3, ab Aiexandro ib. 3llb21) vel ri toTtLny TtQay^atEta (ab Ammo278 al), quamquam iVriTonLzd^x. 20 b 26, 24bl2, 64a:n, 1356 b 12, 1358 a 29, 1399 a 6 al.) , eam doctrinam tractant quam Aristoteles vocare solet diaXmtiKiqv, de qua v. quae disputavit Trdibg. Elem. log. p. 99 (ed. III. p. 101), C. Heyder Opponitur autem saepissime ars I. p. 341 seqq., Rassow p. 77. sicut j^ 86^a f^ dXrj&siay dialectica t^ ccTCodBLTCtiZTl 87ti6ti]^]] 23 qua de re v. quae habuimus 46 a 9, 65a37, 72 a 9, 8lbl8
ab Alexandro
ib.

nio schol. 136 b 14,

stot. ipse

eosdem appeliare

solet tcc

coll. iis

quae diximus ad 82 b 35
II. c.

et

quae

lo.

Saresberiensis in

Me-

talogico

4, 5 et
(t^

14

nam

scientia quid

disserendi

ars

diaXETitLXTq)

verum sit investigat, verum sit curat, sed non quid

ib.

quid dicendum

sit ei

qui thesin propositam defendere velit (cf.

142 a 13 nQog xb 6vnq)SQ0V et

32

cog

av doxi]
tavtbv

GvficpSQEiv),

Quid utrique commune

1004 b 17
tat
6ocpia

sit,

quid difFerant exponitur 155 b 8 sqq.

(ilv

ot yccQ Sia^ezTtxol aal 6oq}L(Stal

vnodvQV-

6xV^^ ^^
(JTt,

q)iXo66(pci'
oi

rj

yctQ

CocpiOtLaT] (paLVOfisvi] fi6vov

tvsqI

nal

diaksatiKOi diaXsyovtai

andvtcav...
ilj

8iansQl ^sv yccQ td avtb ysvog CtQScpstai ^ 6o(pi6tLzr] xal dkkk diacpsQSi T^g fisv tco tQ6ncp tijs XsTCtLxy] tr] q)LXo6ocpLa
.1

dvvd^sas
ntLnr]

tijg

ds

tov ^iov

tj]

nQoaiQS6Si.

s6xi bs

r]

dLaXsSs 6o-

nsiQa6tixr]

nsQi

av

r]

cpiXo6ocpia

yvcoQi^tixiq,
dixit

ij

q)i6tLKr] cpaLvo^svt], oi}6a 6' oij.

Quod

lecticam omnibus artibus et disciplinis

iis

communem
vs.

77 a 29 et 31, diaesse, id ex
30) xai nBQ\

explicari potest

quae legimus 1062 a 2 (coU.

28*

Top
tav toiovtav (rav dQ%G)v
dfi|tg,
cipia
,

c a.

intell.)
li.

anXcig (liv ovx s6nv dnocuiiisciinque doctrinae prin-

TiQog

t6v8s

8' (Jriv,

e.

ex quibus demonstrantur quaecunque demonstrantur, quamquara veram demonstrationem ipsa non admittunt, tanien
specie

cum

quadam

veritatis {dLttXsxnxag) probari possunt ei

:

qui nobiscum disputet

Siiolag anavtog trjg
dXrjd^sg ncd
ccfia

quare

dicit

1355 a 9

TtBQl 8s

dLtt?^Siitixrjg

s6tlv i8siv.

Ib.

CvkkoyiC^ov 14 to ts yccQ

tb oixolov t<p dXrj&sZ

tijg

ttvtijg s6tl 8vvd}iscog tdftv,

ds xal ot ccv&qcotiol nQog tb dXri%sg TtsxpvxaGiV txavag xal

'

ta Ttksico tvyydvovGi trjg dXrjQ^Siag Sib TiQog tcc svbo^a <3to%adTtxwg s%siv tov o^Oicog s^ovtog ;<al TtQbg trjv dkrj&Sidv s6tiv. 172 a 36 d tsxvrj 6vkkoyi6ti'ii7i 7tSiQa6ti%bg 8iaXsxtt7i6g. 164 b 3 l'(JTi yaQ cag djtkag sl%slv 8iaXsKtixbg 6 TtQOtatixbg xal sv6ttttix6g. Apparet inde quam arcta inter dialecticam et rhetoricam Intercedere debeat cognatio (unde fit, ut in utraque investigentur tonot quibus uti possimus in argumentatione, cf. 1380 b 31, 1354 al ij QTjtoQiH'^ s6tiv dvti6tQO(pog 1395b2l, 1391 a 7 ai.) rj] SittksxtiXTj d^cp6tEQtti yccQ nsQl toiovtov Ttvwv sl6lv d xoiva
:
'

tQ6nov

dndvtcov s6ri yvc3Qit,Siv xal ov8s{iiag sni6ti]nrjg 1355 a 34 t&v ^isv ovv dklcov tsxvav ov8s[tia tdvttvtitt 6vkkoyit,stai., rj 8s 8LaXsxtLxri xal rj Qr]tOQLxr] ^6vaL tovto noLOv6LV. Per rhetoricam autem Aristoteles trjv loyixyv nQttyfiatsiav cum noXLtLxfj connecti voluit 1356 a 25 co6ts 6v^tiVtt

d(pcoQL6^svr]g.

fialvsL trjv Qr]toQixrjv

Xttl trjg

olov naQacpvsg

trjg

8LalsxtLx^g slvaL

nsQi tk
.

r]^r]

nQay^atsittgy

^v

8ixttL6v s6tL nQo6ttyoQSvsLV

,

nokLtLx^v

s6n

yccQ (i6ql6v

xal o^oicoiia

xa&dnsQ

xttl

dQ-

XO^svoL slinofisv nsQL ov8svbg yccQ coql6(isvov oi8stsQa avtav ictlv inL6triiiY], nag s%sl , dkka 8vvdiisig tLVsg tov noQi6ttL X6yovg.
nsQi ^sv ovv
trjg 8vvd(iscog ttvtav.,

xal

nag

s%ov6i nQbg
rj

dXkr]Xag, SiQr]taL 6%s8bv txavag.

vs^d^tti 8sixvvvai.,

tav

8s 8La tov 8sixvvvaL

cpai-

xa&dnsQ xal sv

toig ^Laksxtixolg tb usv sna-

ycoyi]
Xttl

s6tL t6 8s 6vkkoyL6[ibg
o^ioicog sisl.

tb 8s cpaLv6(isvog 6vkkoyL6^6g.i
tJ

svtav%a
trjg

1359 b 10

Qr]tOQLxr]

OvyxSLraL fisv
nohtLxrjg,

Ux ts

dvakvtLxrjg snL^f^fir^g xal tr]g nsQl

tcc rj&f]

o^oia

8' s6ti

td

[isv tr] ^iaksxtix-r} tcc 8s tolg 6ocpL6tLxoig k6yoig,

o6co d'

dv

tig

tr]V 8LttksxtLxr]v

tttvtY]v

fir]

xa&dnsQ av 8vtr]v cpv-

vd^SLg dkk' sni6ti]^ag nsLQdtaL xata6xsvdt,SLv , kr]6staL

6lv ttvrav dcpavi6ag

ta ^sta^aivsLV

sni6xsvdt,cav slg sni6t^(ittg

[ir]

vnoxSLfisvcov tLVcov nQay^idtcov., dkkk

{i6vov k6ycav. 1356 b 32

9^scoqi]6sl^

0^81

r]

QijtOQLxr] t6

xad' axa6tov ^vdo^ov

olov Ug)-

Topica.
KQdtEL
xttl

437
xccd^dTtSQ

'IniiLu^

dkXa rd roLOL688,
s^

xal

dialsxtLX'^.

yccQ sxsivrj 6vXkoyLt,staL ovx,

TiaX
Tj

av

stvxsv

dtta

tolg 7taQah]Qov6iv)^ dXX' sxslvij {isv sx 6s Qt]tOQLxr] sx

yaQ tav Xoyov dso(cpalvstai

^svav,

tav

ijdr]

^ovksvs6^aL sicj^otav. Flaud

ars diaiectica

miniis arcte quara

cum

rlietorica

cum

sophistica

coniuncta est, quod iara inde apparet, quod haud raro coniun-

guntur:
rj

v.

ys

fi7]v

dLaXsxtLxi] xal
Tj

1004 b 17, quem locum modo adscripsimus, 10611)8 6oq)i0tLxr] tav 6v^^s^r]x6tav (isv 7]
d'

sl6L tolg

ov6lv , ov%

ovta

ovds
tr]q

tisql

tb ov avtb xad'' o6ov

ov s6tLV.
ts TCL^avbv

Deindc

v.

l."J55bl5

avtrjg (sm6tr]^r]g s6tl) to

xaX tb (paLv6}isvov Idslv 7H%av6v. co6jisq xat snl

tr]g dLalsxtLxrjg

6vlXoyL6fi6v xs xal (paLv6^svov

trj

6vlkoyL6^6v.

Svvd^SL dlk' sv t^ 7iQoaLQs6SL' Tilrjv svtav^a ^sv s6taL 6 ^sv xurd rr]v S7CL6rr]^r]v 6 8h xara ri]V 7CQ0ULQS6LV Qi]rcaQ^ sxsi ds 6oq)L6rr]g (isv xard rrjv tcqouiqs6lv
,

6 yaQ 6oq)L6tLxbg ovx sv

dLuksxrLxbg ds
171
,

otu

xard

rr]V 7Cqoulqs6lv

dXlu xurd

rr]v

8v-

vufiLV.

bT

6 (ihv ovv xurd rb

nQuyfiu
c.

^soQav rd xolvu

8LuksxrLx6g
vs. 35, lo.

6 8s rovro cpuLvonsvcog noLav doqpiOTtxdg,

23.

Saresberiensis Metaiogic. IV.

coll. ib.

Artem

diale,

iecticam ante Socratem nullam fere fuisse dicit 107 b 25

cf.

987 b 32. Aliam Piatonem constituisse diaiecticae artis notionem videmus inter alia ex Sopliist. 253, D rb xard ysvr] 8lulqs16^ul
xal
fiav
fir]v
fiijrs

ruvrbv sl8og srsQov rjyr]6u6QaL

rrjg

(iijrs

stSQOv ov twutbv
slvul;...

ov

bLulsxrLxijg

(pi]6ofisv

snL6rr]fir]g

dlkd

ro ys 8LuksxtLxbv ovx dXlcp

IJQcoraQis, dvuivoLr' dv
;

8c66sig.,

c5g sycofiuL, nXr]v

ra
sl

xad^uQOjg rs xal 8LXuicog

i^fidg^
d)

cpLXo6ocpovvrL.
rj

Phileb. 57 extr. dXX'

Toi)

bLaXsyso^UL 8vvafiLg,

tLVU nQo avrrjg dXXr]v xQLvuLfisv

XsysLv;
tr]v

IIPSlT.riva 8s ravrrjv uv 8sl

ZlSl. 8rjXov oxl ^ 7cu6av r^^v ys vvv Xsyo(isvr]v yvoirj. ydQ nsQL rb ov xal tb ovtcog xal xb xaxd rwurbv dsl nko6oLg vov xal cpvxs ndvrcog syays oI(iul rjysl^Q^uL ^vfinavtag
.,

6(iLXQbv nQ06^QrY]raL, (laxQco uXr]xts6rdtr]v slvul yvG)6LV.

Quam-

quam

etiara Plato dialecticae

:

Aristoteles

Cratyi. 390,

(isvov dXXo tL

6v xuXslg rj dis Gesch. der griech. -rora. Phil. II. p. 215, ib. p. 278. De ratione quae inter dialecticam et eristicara intercedat v. Plat. Latius quam apud Aristoteiem dialectide rep. V, 454, A. cae notio saepius patet apud graecos interpretes (e. g. apud Davidem, v. schoi. 18a34), qui ut vocabula synonyma interdum coniungunt XoyLxr]v et SLaXsxtixiqv (v. e. g. schol. 143 a 4), ut

notionem eandera constituit quam tov SQCoruv xul dnoxQivs6&uL snL6rd8LaXsxtLx6v; oijx. dXXu tovto. Bran-

438

'

Topica.

ita

doctrinam de syllogismis et de demonstratione (quae ut a nobis etiam ab iilis logica proprie dici solet) cura disserendi arte, quae doceat quomodo logica utendum sit in disputando, coniunctam significent. Quid titulus sibi velit bene expressit Kant Krit. der r. Vft. p. 268 ..Man kann einen jeden Begriff, einen jeden Titel darunter viele Erkenntnisse gehoren, einen logischen Ort nennen. Hierauf griindet sich die logische To-

pik des Aristoteles, deren sich Scliuilehrer

und Redner bedienen konnten, um unter gewissen Titeln des Denkens nachzusehen, was sicli am besten fiir eine vorliegende Materie scliickte, und dariiber mit einem Scheine von Griindiiclikeit zu verniinfteln oder wortreich zu schwatzen". Vocabulum ipsum lingua Anglica servavit significatione haud multum mutata, v. Cowley Essays in verse and prose VIII ^Men who praise philosophy from this topic"; simt enim rojtoi loci, ex quibus quasi conspiciatur via quam insistere debeamus , ut et adversarium refutemus et quod nobis placeat evincamus, cf. schol. 252 a 10 sqq. et quae dixit lul. Pacius in comm. ad h. I, unde apparet quomodo fiat, ut roTCog et ZQOTtos idem fere significent apud Ari:

stotelem 14 16 a 6, 13, 36. Praeterea

(isiovv

v.

1403al8T6

d'

av^BLV xal

odx edxLV evd^vii^^^atog (5toi%lov' tb yaQ avtb Xiyco 6tOLyLov ;{al tonov' lOtL yaQ atOLXsiov xal tonog slg o jroA/la av&viiy^ata i^nintH^ coll. 1395 b 21 et 1396 b 21. 1358alO kiyco yccQ diakextiicovg te Tcal QrjtOQLXOvg 6vkkoyL6^ovg eivaL
%sqI
C3V

rovg tonovg Xeyofiev ovtOL

olov 6 tov
tcsql
'

6'

elolv

ot aoivfi nsQL

dLxaicav xal cpv6LXG>v aal TieQl TtohtLxav xal TtSQL

fpsQovtcav sWsi
xslvtt
fisv
5

uokXav
. . .

dia-

(lakXov nal ijttov toitog

%d-

od

noLiqGSL

ovdev ysvog sfiq)Qova-

nsQL ovdsv

yaQ VTtoxsiiisvov sGttv tavta 8s (eas propositiones intell. quae ad certam quandam doctrinam pertinent eiusque sunt propriae), oCcp tLg av ^sXtiov sxksytjtaL tag nQotd6SLg, k^6SL TtoLtiOag aXkijv STtLGtrj^ijv trjg dLalsxtLX^^g xal QrjtoQLxrlg' av yaQ svtvxy
dQxalg,
SXSL

ovxitL bLaksxtLxri

oiSs
sWr]

Q7]toQLxr] dkk'' sxsivrj sGraL iig

tag dQxdg...

Xsya

d'

^sv tag xa&' sxaCtov yivog

idiag TtQOtdasLg^

tojtovg 8s tovg xoLvovg o^oicog ndvtcov (de

v. quae dixit Biese II. p. 582 extr.). de eo quod dixit Hegel (Geschichte der Quid iudicandum Cicero und Jordanus Bruno haben Philos. Wke XIV. p. 408) die Topik naher bearbeitet" ostendit Braudis Ueber die lleihenfolge der Biicher des Organon in Abhh. der Berl. Akad.
sit
:

quo.quidem discrimine

Topica.
Hist-pliil. Ki. 1833. p. 253; id vero

439
quod legiturin Pauly Reai-

encyclop. der Altertlmmswiss. zuerst wissenscliaftlicli

I.

p.

187: ,,Aristoteies begriindete

die Lelire von der rednerisclien Erquamvis aliquid veri liabeat, tamen nimis iis apparet quae modo diximus et eo ipso comprobatur quod dicitur initio Topicorum (l(W)a20 xal a-drol Praeterea notandum est, quod, quum Xoyov vjtBxovtsg).

findung (Topica)", late patere et ex

Topica non
rerent,
in

iis

scripta sint qui veri studio ducti scientiam quae-

sed

iis

qui disserendi artem

aliis scriptis

discere veilent,

brevitas
liis

dicendo, qua in
possis

Aristoteles excellit, ab
auctori

li-

bris ita aiiena est,

ut nimiam verbositatem
(v.

interdum

121 a 9, quae iegiraus 120 b 36 commentarius quem ipsi de iis scripsimus longe brevior sit iis quos de reliquis Organi partibus composuimus.

exprobrare
122 b 18

v.

c.

24):

unde factum

est, ut

Lib.
finitur.
tur.

I. Cap. 1. Quid libris Topicis propositum sit de21 Ar^umentaliojii dialecticae dejnonstratio opponib24 De syllogismo eristico. 101 aii De paralogismis

ut

18 Disserettdi ars non id agit^ cuiusque disciplinae propriis. veram et accuratam scientiam componat qualemcunque.

100 a 21

Exspectabas

ut

diceret

aut

IqbIv^

quod penderet e

verbo dvvr^Go^B^a., aut avxol koyov vjiiiuv prj&iv q^dOxovDe syilogismi notione v. quae diximus ad tS VTCevavtiov.

24 b
coll.

18.

I00a2T

s^

d^i]&G>v xal

74 b 24.

TCQCotcav.,

tLvav

vs.

v. quae dedimus ad 71bl6 28 adiecit eadem cautione usus

qua 72a28 dixit rj ndvta ^ Ivia. 100 b 18 dedimus a^dtav (coll. iis quae diximus ad 55al4) ex Vs. 19 smOtTjfiOvixals optt. codd. Idem praebet ed. Bip.

quod aTtodELXtLxals: nam scientiam (sjtLOf^firjv) non nisi per demonstrationem comparari docuit 100 b 10 sq. Vs. 20 t6 dia tl. intell. djtodsLhv. unum com100 b 24 Contentiosi syllogismi duo sunt genera piectitur syllogismos qui recte cogunt (quare etiam lii simidera est

pliciter appeliantur syllogisrai 101 a

reliqui vero syllogisrai

quidem

sirapliciter vocari

non possunt,

sed (ista nQOOQ^T^XfjS

iis

dicendi sunt syllogisrai contentiosi) ex

tiim Iiabent probabiiitatis,

quae speciera tanquaraquam revera non sunt svdo^a,

{q)aLv6(isvos vs. 25) sive

alterura eos

qui

uon recte cogunt

440

Topica.

ex iis quae revera sunt probabilia sive ex iis quae speciem tantum habent xcbv Ivdo^cav. Praeterea observandum est, quod syilogismus contentiosus, qui a sopliistico nonnisi t^ nQOKLQhGH difFert (v. 171 b 30 33 coll. 169 b 20 sqq.), maxime propterea a dialectico hic distingui videtur, quod de ilio seorsum acturus est in ultimo Topicorum libro, qui vulgo inscribitur de sophisticis elencljis.

100 b 27 ETCLTCokaLOV zxuv rrjv (pavxaGiav est aaxddrjXov 'exelv r^v tov tpEvdovg q)v6iv: nam (pavxaoia hoc loco niliil significat nisi xb Evd^vg cpaLVOfiEvov {cpavEQov) i/^Evdog, v. 428 b 1, quem locum adscripsimiis ad 76 b 17, et 439 b 6, ubi (pavxaCia eandem fere notionem habet quam verbum q)aivs0&aL: dicit enim ev ds xots GconaOLV kav (ifj xo nEQLE%ov tcolti xo (lExapdkkELV, coQi6xaL xal rj cpavxacia xijg XQoag. Cf. de coel. 297 b 31. Trdlbg. de an. p. 462 et quae idcm ib. disputavit de (pavxaGia p. 166 sqq., p. 453 sqq., p. 538 sq. Biese I. p. 325, II.
p. 26. not., 160. not. 2, 210, 673. not. 4.

Praeterea

v.

Aristot.

427 b 28 xovxov dh (xov voslv intell.) x6 (isv cpavxaGia doKEl 428 a 24 xav bs ^riQicov ivioLg cpavBLVaL xb 8e VTtokriTl) ig. Ib. blO c?AA' ETtSLdij e0xl TttGia HEV vnaQiEi., Xoyog 6' oij. XLvrj&Evxog Tovdt XLVEldd^aL EXEQOV vitb xovxov., ri 8e cpavxaoia xivrjijig xig 8okel ELvac (v. 254 a 29 7] yccQ cpavzaQia xal 86h,a nLVo^GELg xlves ELvaL SokovGlv) xai oiy, dvEv alG&fjri
0Cl)s

yiyvEQ^aL dKk" al6&avo(iEVOLg xat

Se

av

aXo^rjijig eOxlv.,
xijg

Egxl

yivEC&aL xivrjdLV vnb

xfjg

EVEQysiag

al6&r]6Eagy
eXy}

xal xavxrjv o^ioiav dvdyxr]

ij

ElvaL xjj aioQ^rjGEL,

ccv avtrj

dvEV alo^r^OECjg EvdExo^isvrj ovxe fir] aiod^avo^iEvoLg VTtdQXELV^ xal noXXh xar' aixr^v xal noLElv jfal ndxivrjGLg oijxs

6XELV xb Exov, %aL ELVav

jcal dkrjQ^i]
ij

xai

il)Ev8r].
eIt]

Quare
%ivY]6ig

cpav-

xa6iav 429 al
x^g al6d^ij6Ecog

sic
xrjg

definit:

cpavxa6ia av

vnb
patet
jj

xax'

EvsQyELav yLyvo(iEvr]g.
acciirate
,

Unde
a

quo

ixire,

quamquam minus

dicatur 1370

28

81

(pavxa6ia e6xIv al6%r]6ig xig d^&Ev^g.

100 b 28 restituimus quod edd. prr. praebent xa&dnsQnEQL. Vs. 29 xal negligentius adiectum est; videtur aiitem additum esse ab Aristotele, quoniam in mente habebat alterum xal quod Vs. 30 ij xov i\)Ev8ovg (pv6Lg circumscrisequitur vs. 30. quo usu v. quae diximus I. p. 283. bit xb i\)Ev8og^ de 101 a 3 Praeter eos syllogismos, ait, quos commemoravimus

{dn68ELlLv dicit,

SLaKEXXLxbv et EQL6XLxbv 6vXKoyi6(i6v) sunt

Topica.
etiam
alii

441

paralogismi,

qui conficiimtur ex principiis cuius:

que disciplinae propriis docuit enim 17 b 16 sqq. syllogismum dyCO[iBXQi]tov non tam eum dicendum esse qui a geometria omnino aiienus sit quara eum qui principiis geometriae propriis non recte utatur. Quos quidem syllogisraos revera diversos esse ab iis de quibus raodo egit eo probat, quod horum definitio in eos non conveniat (etg tov oqov ovk neque enim ex ipsis veris scientiae princiiyiTiintu vs. 11) piis conficiuntur (nam coguntur ex propositionibus raanifesto falsis) neque ^ ivdo^av (nam utimtur isti paralogismi propositionibus non veris quidem, sed propriis eius doctrinae ad quam pertinent). Vs. 14 olxEicov ktj^fidtav^ h. e. Q-e0SC3V (cf. 72al5) tals olxELccig ti]S e7ti6TT]}ifjg dQxccts 6vyysvav. 101 a 18 costvTtc} TtSQLlcc^SiV et 22 o6ov tvnco., v. Trdlbg. El. log. Saepius Arip. 55 (ed. III. p. 49). Zeli ad Eth. Nic. I, 2, 3. stoteles, antequarasubtiiiorem quaestionem instituit,naturara rei
:

quam

expositurus est breviter describit

c5g

cog

tvncp, v. l'M)2^\9,

1323 a 10

sv tvitcp.

bet xvnos
liEvrj

^ibi

Primara et principalera notionem hade memoria serrao est: 450 a 31 ri yccQ yivoai^d^ijGecis intell.)
.,

iiivr]6is

(trjs

svGrj^aCvEtai olov tv-

nov tiva tov

dayitvUois.
Ib.

alsd^^fiatos

xad^dnEQ ot 6cpQayit,6^svoi tols b 5 tols 8h dLa tb t/^j^j^EO^at xat dicc Gxlrj. . .

QOtrjta tov dsxofisvov tb

nd%os ovx eyyivEtai 6 tvnos-

Cap.

2.

J)e artis dialecticae utilitate.

e.

101 a 29 ^e&odov, h.
(vs.

(100 a 18). svtsv^is (v. 1355 a 29) : naraque quura alius aliam defendat sententiam , aiia ratione cum
trjv t,rjtovfisvr]v

30) est disserendi ratio qua utiraur

aliis

disputandura est:

quare

dicit

1009 a 11 E6ti
Oi
fisv

d'

ovx 6
nsi-

aitbs tQonos nQos ndvtas

trjs svtsv^scos'

yccQ

%ovs dsovtai., oi ds ^ias. o6oi (isv yccQ sx tov dnoQ^6ai vnska^ov ovtcss, tovtov Evtatos rj dyvoia od yccQ nQos xbv X6yov, dXXa nQbs trjv didvoiav rj dndvxrj6is avxav d6oi da X6yov xaQLV Xsyov6i xovxcav d' slsyxos la6is xov t' ev tjj Ne quis putet pro(pavTj l6yov y,al tov sv tols 6v6^a6iv.
'

bare hic Aristotelera paralogisraorura divisionem quam reprehendit soph. el. (Top. IX) c. 10, non de hac divisione hic cogitandum esse monemus, sed de eo syllogismorum discrimine,

quod commemoratur 111 b 33, ubi

v.

quae diximus: est enim

442

Topica.

td jtgbg rbv loyov idem quod t6 Ttgbg xb TtQayfia^ id vero

quod hic
yovta.

dicitiir Ttgbg

r7]v

didvoiav idem est quod 111 b 33

vel

appellatur ngbg tbv

SQOtavta

JtQog

tbv

tuvavtia Kk-

I01a35 dvvdfisvoc
rica solae ex

TtQbg d^cpotSQa...

nam

diaiectica et rheto-

omnibus artibus et disciplinis contraria cogunt, et qvii investigare scit quod veri simile est et veritatis speciem habet, idem etiam veritatem ipsam indagare sciet, v.
1355 a 14 et 34, quos locos supra adscripsimus in prooemio. ds... Tripiicem dialectices utilitatem esse dixit

101 a 36
vs.

26, tamen quartam

liic

adiicit,

quamquam quod quarto

tertium erat Praeterea notandum est saepius Aristoteli accidisse, ut, quum duas vel tres quaestionis partes indicaverit, quibus tota quaestio absolveretur , tamen
ioco
in

commemorat iam

eo contineri quod

bene animadvertit Alexander.

de pluribus egerit. Sic 14a26 quattuor esse dicit significationes tov TtQOtBQOV, 14 b 9 quintam addit, de qua antea nondum videtur cogitavisse. Eidem negligentiae tribuendum est, quod liabetur 1014 a 16 aAA' oficog djtavtd ys ravt^ <5rl tb
^ev TtXijd^og a^, ksyofisva ds dcxo^g' / yccQ (bg tb xai)'' sxa6tov , 7] (Og tb ysvog avtov, ^ ag tb Cv^^s^rjKog, 7] ag tb ysvog Tov 6v^^s^t]x6tog, tj g 6vfi7tksx6^sva tavta., } aTtXcag Xsy6fisva, sti cog svsQyovvta r) Kata dvva^cv. 1285 b 20 ^atsxtaQa tbv dQiQ^^bv ... vs. 29 <3i,Xsiag yisv ovv sXbrj tavta jtSfXTttov d' sidog ^a6iksiag, otav ij Ttdvtcov xvQLog sig av... 1301 b 6 dib xal ai ^sta^olal yiyvovtai 8i%cjg' ots (xsv yaQ
,

oi) itQbg trjv Ka&s6tr]xvlav norov ^dXKov xal rjrrov... vs. 11 sti. XQbg tb ^SQog ti Mvij6ai tijg otohtsiag. 611 b 16 xoXolgjv 8' s6tiv sidf] tQia, ci ^sv 6 KOQaKiag... dkkog 6 Xvxog ocaXov^svog' stL d' 6 fitxpdg, 6 /3a>/tioAd;^og. s6ti 8s xal dXXo ysvog xoXotav TtSQt tijv Avbiav xal 0Qvyiav, 8 6tsyav6Ttovv s6riv. 115 a 5 iQTq^vaoi (isv ovv siel JtQbg (isv (piXo6o(piav did 8vo. TtQ&rov (isv... SsvtSQov 8s... vs. 12 tQirov 8s Kal rb Xontbv stt TtQbg 86^av. Item etiam accidit, ut motus {rrig vtC dlXov q)0Qag), cuius quattuor lecit genera

TtQbg triv Ttohtsiav

...

ots d'

htsiav...

vs.

13 srv

TtSQi

(243 a 11 ak^iv,
gat (243 b 11), 101 a 39 jtSQL

c}6lv, oxrj^LV,

8iv7]6Lv).,

divisionem

ita

corri-

ut nonnisi duo

eius genera agnoscat,

quum

ox}]6Lg et 8ivr]6Lg

reducendas esse doceat. avtciv, tav dQ%G}v intell. vel tav nQatcov: namad sX^lv
et d)6LV

Topica.
qiie

443

unaquaeque

disciplina,

qiuim ex certis quibusdam prin-

quae, ut habeat unde argumentetur, ponere debet, deraonstrare ipsa non vaiet: quare iam diaiecticae, quippe quae ex iis arguraentetur quae ab omnibus aut certe a pierisque concedi soieant (s^ vd6|rav),
cipiis fluat, liaec ipsa principia,

hoc raunus delegandum

nobis persuadeat.
tes,
tiae

est,

ut de principiorum certitudine
est, dialectices

Quod

si ita

eae sunt par-

ut

et

ipsum

veritatis

aditum patefaciat

et verae scien-

viam muniat.
3.

Cap.

Qua

re contineatur dialectices peritia.

Non tam

in

quae non

co^oscendo quam in agendo versatur dialectica, est certa quaedam doctrina, sed ars et facultas

(dvva^Ls). qua, sicut orator et medicus, iis quae suppeditent ad finem quem nobis proposuimus consequendura quara optime utamur: neque enim orator quodcunque vult auditoribus persuadere, neque medicus omnera raorbura sanare potest, sed uterque artera suam optirae cailet, si consideratis omnibus quae pro re nata et pro tempore fieri possiut niliil negligat quod \s. 9 dedimus TCaQaXiTcr], ad finera propositura conducat. quod et edd. prr. exliibent et Boetliius videtur legisse: ver-

tit

enira ,,omiserit".

Cap. 4. In omni propositione et in omni problemate aut de genere agitur^ ad quod eliam differentia pertitiet^ aut de proprietate. quae et dejinitionem et id qtiod sensu proprio dicitur proprium complectitur, aut de co7itingente.
101 b 14 dedimus t ura, quod et codd. optt. et edd. prr. praebent.

101 b 18 De diff^erentia non seorsura agendum esse dicit, quia a genere seiungi nequeat, sed cura eius natura ita coniuncta sit, ut qui de genere quaestionera instituat diff"erentiara simul

non conteraplari non

iungenda
sit.

possit. Cur differeutia cura genere conetiam ex argumentatione apparet quae habetur

103 b 7 sqq. Ab his proficiscitur oranis quaestio 101 b 21 OTt dnb tovtcov nam de una ex lus quattuor notionibus in quaque propositione et in quoque problemate agitur. 101 b 29 Uiscrimen propositionis et probieraatis quod hic indi.

. .

cat Aristoteles optime exposuit Aiexander schol. 256 a 14 sqq.

444
101

Topica.

b33 Ciir Bkk, ex cod. Csolo receperit quae et edd. antePacium ornnes et vet. intp. iat. et Boethius iure omiserunt, equidem non intelligo: satis enim apertum videtur verba xal noTSQOv tb t^ov yivog iGrlv; quibus alii etiam addiderunt verba dv^QCortov ^ ov ; aiiena manu adiecta esse, ut, quum duo propositionis exempla praecesserint, etiam problematis duo exempla Iiaberemus. Bkkus Pacii acumini, ut saepius
e.

(v.

g.

102 a 33, 103 b 18, 105 a 22

al.),

etiam hic nimium

videtur tribuisse.

Cap.

5.

Qiiid sit definitio

et

quae quaestiones cum

defisit

nitione investiganda co7iiunclae sint (optxa),

101 a 18 quid

proprium^ 31 quid ge?ius

rea?it
^

et et

b4

quid accidens

quae quaestiones cum eo cohaequae sint quaestio?ies cum eo co-

gfiatae, expo?iitur.

102 a 2

Qui uno nomine rei definiendae o(Jofc d' onooGovv naturam declarat. is rem non definit nam omnis definitio est oratio, quae non exsistit nisi pluribus verbis coniunctis, quamquam etiam hoc ipsum (si quis rem alio nomine in eius locum substituto definire veiit) ad dcfinitionis quaestionetn pertinet. Etenim disputatione instituta iam evincendum est, cur Item ad definitionis quaetalis definitio non probanda sit. stionempertinentde quibuscunque ambigitur utrum eadem sint
. .

an diversa: nara quidefinit

tendit

is

definitionemidem exprimere con-

quod res definienda, quamquam non vice versa quodcunque idem exprimit quod res definienda, vera rei definitio ^ov yEkaCxLyiov , XoTiiov est {dvd^QOTiog i^driov). Doctrinam quae ad definitionem pertinet exponit libro VI: ad eandem etiam referenda sunt (coii. 102 a 11 sqq.) quae legimtur lib. VII. cap. 1 cum maxima parte reliquorum quae hoc libro continentur, dum reliqua pars libri VII ad universam doctrinam Topicam spectat. De proprietate agit libro V, genus tractat libro IV, de accidente libro II et III disputat. 10. Cf. lo. Saresberiensis Metalogicum III. c. 5 102 a 32 BV ra> ri iGn xarrjyoQEtCQ^aL de quo v. quae diximus Vs. 35 scripsimus eQC3r7]&svra, in quo edd. plead 2a20.

.,

raeque cum opt'. codd., Boeth. et vet. intp. consentiunt. 102 a 3? Cno rrjv avrT^v ^e&odov ninrBL. Item ad eandem generis quaestionem pertinet utrum alia res cum alia eodem genere contineatur an in diversis generibus insint.

T
102 b 14

p i c a.

445

Ad

stiones per quas intcr se comparantur gradus

quaestionem de accidente accednnt etiam eae quaeeonun quae aliis

si

accidunt, veiut

quaeritur utrura utri praestet, utrum utro

liis

sit

iucundius.
est,

Et de
ab

quidem
et

libro III disserit:

unde factum
sit

ut hic

lo. Italo

aliis

graecis intpp. inscriptus

nsQL tav CvyxQtrLxcJv roTcav.

102 b 23 Edd. Blcko priores omiserunt ^ij, quod et optt. codices praebent et sensus requirit: opponit enim hic Aristoteies
t6 Tcorh lSiov et ro tcqos rL tdtov. Et illud quidem, ait, locum habet, si quid (velut t6 xccQijGd^aL), quamquam non sem-

tamen aiiquando non nisi de uno solo praedicatur, hoc si quid non de uno solo praedicatur, sed pluribus commune est: nam si t6 nttd^ijGd^aL de aliis praedicatur, de aliis non praedicatur, eorum omnium qui sedent proprium est t6 xtt&ij(i&aL, si comparentur cum iis qui non sedeant
per,

vero etiam,

XSlov,

{nQog rovg (itj xad^rj^svovg^ h. e. 07> JtQog Tcdvrttg^ ag rb norl dkla ^ovov TCQog tovg fir^ xa^tj^svovg).
Cap.
0.

accidens disputantur.,

apta

su/it.1

Quae contra genus, contra proprium et contra eadem etiam ad defifiitioneyn refutandam neque tamen quaecunque disputantur ad definitiorevocanda sunt.

nis quaestionem

102 b 29 Nam quum de definitione disputatur , et rei definiendae soli propositam definitionem convenire demonstrandum (sicut etiam, quum de proprietate alicuius rei disserimus, hanc
ei soli tribui probandum est) et genus rei definiendae quod posuimus revera eius genus esse et quodcunque definitione contineatur {ra iv ra Xoyco Qrj^evra) revera de re definienda praedicari evincendum est ex quibus si quid redarguitur,
:

definitio ipsa tollitur.

Cf. lib. VI. c. 1.

102 b 3? efiTCQOGd^Bv respicit ad ea quae cap. antecedente dicta sunt de genere, proprio et accidente. 103 a 22 rav ds Xoltccov ... E reliquis vero, h. e. ex iis autem quae capitibus vel generibus quae proposuimus 101 b 25 (oqov
dicit,
iis

Wlov

ysvog., 6v^^s^7]ii6g)

aliena videntur, singula, prout

non subiecta simt, sed ab cum unoquoque capite ma-

xime cognata sunt. singulis adiicienda sunt.

Cap.
7.

Idem aliud cum

23

aut genere.

Eadem

alio est aut numero aut specie potissimum dicuntur ea quae numero

446

Topica.

non diffenmt, quod fit^ quum eadem res alio nomine vel definiquum id quod rei proprium est vel accidens locum tenet rei ipsius.
tione exprimitur aut
Cf.

cum

Iioc cap. q\iae

BXt,v

diximus ad lb6.
inqx'

103 a 15
specie

tivh diacpoQdv^ ciGxB

est

dgi^^u)

(i^^t'

eWet
fonte

ii^jte

ysvsL ta{)tbv slvaL: attamen aqua quae ex

eodem

fluit

quae specie eadem esse dicuntur cum ipsa (ab omni eiusdem aquae specie) non nisi 60 diff"ert, quod singularum eius partium similitudo quam maxima est, dum maius sit discrimen inter diversas aquae species quare aqua quae ex eodem fonte fluit iis adnumeranda est quae specie sxmt eadem (vs. 22 sq.). 103 a 29 otav dnb tov ^vfi^s^rjKotog, qxium id quod cum aliqua re idem est ab accidente petitur (h. e. accidente eiusdem rei

eadem esse dicenda

nam ab

iis

exprimitur).

lem

Aristotelis

Exspectabas ut diceret tS) 6vfi^s^7]7i6ti^ at tain scribendo negligentiam iam saepius nota"

vimus.

Cap. 8. Omnem quaestionem aut ad definitionem aut ad genus aut ad proprietatem aut ad accidens pertinere et per inductionem et per syllogismutn probatur.

103 b 18 Bkkus

lul.

quamquam neque

Pacium secutus dedit 'i8l6v s6xiv, vndQ%si., editi libri neque mss. plerique habent l6tLV,
omisit.

quod etiam Boethius

Cap. 9.
doceatur.

Decem

categoriae conferuntur
est.,

cum

iis generibus.,
illis

ex quibus ars disserendi suspensa

103 b 21

ut haec

contineri

Vocem

dLatpoQal.,
I.

quam Boeth.

vet. intp.

et

Magent.

(v. schol.

p.68) habuerunt, explicationis gratia aliena manu adiectam esse docet scholion Alexandri (schol. 258 a 28). Non cogitandum esse de voce diatpoQal., sed ex antecedentinostra

Victorius, var. lectt. XVIII, 18.

bus repetendum esse xatfjyoQlaL recte iam observavit Petrus Aristoteles ipse 102h ^9 ysvrj

appeilavit quae hic tsttaQag aaxrjyoQiag vocat. 103 b 2T Parum subtiliter hic argumentatur Aristoteles probaturus enim omnes propositiones , quae vel definitionem vel genus vel proprium vel accidens exprimant (af dta xovxcav
:

7CQ0xd6SLg vs. 25),

egit, ut

ad decem categorias reduci posse, non id demonstraret quomodo definitionis, generis, proprie-

Topica.
tatis et

447

accidentis

quaestiones ad singiilas categorias redi-

eas rationem haberent, sed satis haquod non fieri non possit quin una ex decem cate^oriis in quaque propositione utaraur, sive per eam exprimendum sit ro tL botl sive aliud quodcunque quare non tam iiia ipsa quattuor genera decem categoriis subiecta esse, quam nihil esse posse quod decem categoriis non comprehensum sit evincit. Praeterea notandum est, quod sensus quo usurpantur verba ti E6rL alius est vs. 22, aiius vs. 27 sqq. iliic enim primam categoriara (rijv ovGiav) significarit, hic vero naturam rei cuiuscunque, ut non solum de priraa, sed de omnibus categoriis intelligenda sint. 103 b 35 o^oicos dh , Item etiam res se liabet in reliquis categoriis nam si de quaque re vel res ipsa (verum rei nomen) vei eius genus praedicatur (sicut de eo quod aibum est vel aibum vei color) id quod res est expriraitur ; si non de re sed de alia quacunque vei ipsa vei eius genus praediipsa catur, enuntiatio non primam categoriam (id quod res est) exprimit, sed aiiam quamcunque. Unde apparet in omni enimtiatione unam decem categoriarum iocum habere : quare propositiones omnes de quibus et ex quibus (h. e. quibus posi-

gerentur et

quam ad

buit exponere,

tis)

disputatur,

decem

categoriis continentur.

Cap. 10.

De

propositione dialectica.
,

104 a 5 Quod Aristoteies dixit 101 b 29 propositionem et probiema non nisi ra rQOJiG) diff"erre, id pugnare videtur cum iis quae hoc loco iegimus, quod bene animadvertit Alexander (schoi. 258 b 4 sqq.) faciie autem repugnantia toilitur eo , quod aitero loco non nisi de forma dixit quam propositio et probiema habere debeant, hic vero exponit quomodo compara;

tae esse debeant, ut in disserendo

usum habeant.
v.

104 a 8

eGti,

6s

tiq.

diakBxrLxrj

EQGitTjOLg:

quae diximus ad

20b22, 24a25, 42a39.

104 a 13 ra tols svdo^OLS ofiOLa (quorum exempla dat vs. 15 20), Deinde, ait, propositio probabiiis (s. diaical tdvavtla... lectica) exit, quum negatur (xat' dvtiq)a6iv TtQOtsivstaL) quod
contrarium est
let.

ei

qnod pro probabiii iiabetur

illustrat
vs.

Exeraplis

rera
ei

vaide simiiem

et concedi so28 aliumque modum 20 quem modo habuimus adiicit vs. 28 33,

quo propositio probabiiis reddi

possit:

eum

sciiicet,

quod,

si

448
probabile
sit

Topica.
aliqnid praedicari

de aliquo, item etiam consi

trariura de contrario praedicari probabile reddatur.

inxta

ponantur utraque (ev jiaQK^olj] vs. 28). 104 a 14 xai oGcct do^ai quarum exempla sequuntur vs. 3.^$ 37. 104 a 28 avdo^ov ds xal. Particulam xal Bkkus non recepit est enim supervacanea, sed hoc ipsum nos movit, ut eam re.
. .

cipereraus, praesertira
intp. cod.

quum neque

in Boethii

neque

in vet.

Goth. versione neque in edd. prr. desit: talis enim in scribendo negligentia Aristotelis stiio convenit. Plane eodera raodo atque lioc loco repetitura habuiraus xal 91b23 sq.;
praeterea cf. quae dixiraus ad 14b.30 et ad 153 a 20. 104 a 32 sv rolg VTieQ tav v. de Interpret. c. 14. Vs. 37 dediraus yC3,ufTptxog, quippe quod et in optt. codd. reperiatur
. . .

et

132a3l-et 33 a Bkko

ipso receptura

sit.

Boethius et yfo-

(itTQtjg et

yEca^STQLXog reddit georaeter".

Cap. 11. Quid sit problema dialecticum., 18 quid thesis, 29 et quae ratio intercedat inter titrumque exponitur. 105 a 3 Qualia esse debeant problemata quae disputanti examinanda
sint.

104 b 12 0TL dh... Non nova problematum genera hic enumerat, sed alia quaedam exponit quae nonnullis eorum propria
sint:
sint
dicit

et

ex quibus cognosci possit quomodo tractanda

ita

enim probleraata diaiectica

iis

interdum corapa-

rata esse, ut et ipsa et qiiae

contraria sint ratiocinatione

aeque probabili evinci possint, vel ita ut, quaravis gravia sint, tamen quid de iis statuendum sit nobis non constet. 104 b 19 &i6Lg (de qua v. quae dixiraus ad 72 a 15) est propositio TtaQddo^og quae vel viri insignis auctoritate vel (vs. 24) ratiocinatione naQado^cp defenditur. 104 b 31 tcsqI av oitdsTeQcog do^d^o^ev., quod haud raro in probieraatis diiudicandis nobis accidere ex iis apparet quae habuimus vs. 12 sqq. ; de thesi vero quid statuendum sit non dubitamus, quod ex ipsa eius definitione (vs. 19) patet. Verba sequentia corrupta putavit Buhlius , cuius quidem coniecturae rationem equidem video nullam. 104 b 32 x T&v SLQtj^svav., thesis definitionem, quam modo proposuit, inteliigit.

105 a 3 Non orane probleraa aptura est ad disputandura, sed id quod ratiocinationem aliquam admittat, qua utraque pars de-

Topica.
fendi possit.

449
vs.

(Cum

iis

quae leguntur

cf.

quae

similiter,

quamquam
dsovraL
stratio
in

alio sensu,

dicuntur 1009 a 17 ot ^ev yccQ Ttsid^ovg

Quare (vs. 8) neque ea quorum demonpromptu est et per se intelligitur neque ea quae doctrinam quandam reconditam et disputationem abstrusiorem requirunt ad disserendum proponenda sunt: nam dialectica non nisi hoc propositum habet, ut animi facultates disoi dh (iiag.)

putando exercitentur. Vs. 9 dedimtis nXsiov' ex coniectura, qua variam codicum lectionem conciliaremus , quorum alii iique optimi habent tcXsIov alii nXsict).
Cap. 12. Quod volumus id in disputatione evincimus per syllogismum aut per inductionem.
atit

105 a 12 nQOZSQOV. v. 100 a 25. ad 68bl5 et ad lla^l.

Cap. 13.

De

aTCaycayfj v.

quae diximus

j4d quae potissimum capita respiciendum

siV,

ut syllogismi in disputando nobis suppeditent., esponitur.

105 a 22 Bkkus
invitis

lul.

Pacium secutus lectionem

codicis

recepit

et

codd. optirais et plerisque edd. prr.

intp. et

Etiam Boe-

thium, vet.

255 b 19 et
1521. 4,
iibi

eiusd.

Alexandrum (v. schol. 260 b 5 coU. ib. a43, comm. in Anal. prior, fol. 136 b ed. lunt.

hic locus ab eo affertur) nostram lectionem ha-

rav enayayav ex capite antecedente intrusa esse appareat. 105 a 25 e6ri 6s. Quum autem etiam reliqua tria in propositionibus investigandis versentur, ad primum caput (h. e. ad
buisse constat, ut verba xal
.
.

propositiones conquirendas) reducuntur omnia.

105 a 27 olov
M0Tt,

on

rb alQsrbv noklaxag Xsyofisvov dst 8lsXslv sig

Iolticc.

tb KaXbv xal rb ijdv nal xa

33 oyLoiav delenda esse facile mihi persuaderem, nisi et in omnibus codd. et in omnibus libris, quibus veteres in-

Quae adduntur

vs.

31

terpretes usos esse constat, exstarent.

Cap. 14.
id

De

propositionibus

eligendis.

b 19 Dividuntur
31 Quod ponitur
ut

propositiones in ethicas., physicas et logicas.

quam masime

universale

sumendum

est,

quam plurima

ex eo fluant,
105 a 34 dLCDQia^T] respicit ad cap. 10, iibi quaeleguntur 104 a 8 ita;< jtaQa^L^^^Xov dicta sunt iis quae hichabemus vs. 35
II.

b5,

15

29

460
iit

Topica.
paene iisdem verbis expressa sint: quare vix erit, opinor, quod Bulilius voluit, qui verba bl xal oGuv

qui probet

2 (paivo^ivaig aliena nianu intrusa putavit nam verba xat o6ai, aaTcc rsxvag eioiv (coii. 104 a 15) ut expungantur iusta causa Imo vera loci difficultas non in iis est, inveniri vix poterit. quae Bublius aiiena manu adiecta esse putavit, sed in iis quae proxime praecesserunt quare pro i} tas vs. 37 quod in
; :

omnibus
(tf]

rdg,
ut

intp. et
sit,

legitur scribendum putamus quidem coniectura, quamquam Boetliius, vet. Alexander vulgarem lectionem tuentur, ita nobis arriin contextum eam receperimus. Ilac enim admissa
libris

et mss.

et edd.

qiiae

^rj rag quae legimus 104all ^rj nagddo^aig ij, quibus indicatur discrimen quod inter do^og &Eir] propositionem et tliesin intercedat. Deinde quod rj scriptura sit pro /H';, quum ) saepius repetitum praecederet, mirum esse non potest. Similiter collocatam habemus particulam (irj 1068 a 29 fisra^s^krjxbg sGrai sig ^rj rr^v rvxovOav dti et quae alia huiusmodi dedimus exempla ad 4b22. 105 b 10 Deinde quae de genere aliquo universo vel de plurimis quae ei subiecta sunt recte dici omnes opinantur, ea pro veris principiis in disputando sumenda sunt talia enim conceduntnr, quum perspici non soleat ab adversario, quam exceptionem habeat regula quam concedit. Apparet inde-scribendum

tollitur difficultas omnis.

Namque respondent verba

iis

ivavriag ralg cpatvo^ivaig

'

esse

vs.

12

lativo usurpatur)

Buhlius.

pronomen interrogativum pro repro sni nvog^ quod bene iam animadvertit Idem habemus 109 b 28.
STtl

rivog (nam

105 b 15 xal nsQL dyaO^ov navrog adiecit, ut propositiones universales disputanti sumendas esse significaret, quod cur fa-

ciendum

sit,

exponit in sequentibus, v. vs. 31 sqq.

103 b 20 Ne quis ex hoc loco coUigat tres Aristoteiem omnis philosophiae partes fecisse ethicam, physicam, logicam nam hanc divisionem hic proponit, ut qua disputantes commodissime

utantur
et

videat quae dicit Alexander schol. 261 a8 , 12 quae dispntat ipse Aristoteles Met. E. cap. I, ubi dicit naOav didvoLav 7] TtQanrLxr^v rj TCOLrjnxrjv (ex qna artes originem habent) 7J Q^scoQrjrLxr^v slvaL. 1026 a 18 coOrs rQslg av slsv (pi^oOocpiai &sa)Qr]rLJiai
,

^a^rj^arLyiiq (pvOinri ^soXoyLwq.

Prae-

quae dedimus init. Anal. post, 105 b 32 T^v /itav JcokkasnoLijrBov, ita scilicet ut propositione uniterea
v.

Topica.
versali

451

sumta ea ex

illa eliciamiis

qnae inde
v.

flnant.
c. 10.

De exem-

plo

vav dvnnei^uivav quod additur

Categ.

Cap. 15.

Qui disputat non solum multiplicem cuiusque

vocis potestatem novisse, sed etiam uniuscuiusque dejtnitionem

ifwestigare debet. 9 Ambiguitas vocis cog?ioscitur ex contrariorum diversitate (23) vel e diversa quarn contrarium itiduit ."^6 Deinde ambiguum est quod et ita dicitur , specie. ut habeat aliquid contrarium vel dva ixsGov et non habeat. b 13 Deinde ambigua est vox., si id quod ei repugnat ambiguum est, 2lvel id quod ei opponitur sicut privatio. 29 Deinde excutiendmn est num casus vel quae quo modo cunque ab ea deriventur ambigua sint , 107 a 3 et num illa vox non ad eandem semper categoriam , sed ad diversas pertineat 18 num subiecta sit diversis generibus, quorum alterum non contineatur altero, ut una dejinitione eius natura exprimi non possit. 32 Eadem ratione etiam examinandum estquod ei cojitrariumest. 36 Examijiandae sunt et dejinitiones eorum quae cum ea composita sunt (b 6) et defijiitio ipsius. 13 Deinde quaeritur^ num quae illa voce sigrdficentur non gradu., sed reapse dibersa., 19 vel num diversorum generum differenliae sint. 21 Deinde num ipsa plures habeat differentias.^ 33 denique num simul et speciem et differentiam exprimat.
,

?ro0ajj<og, quod secundo loco posuit cap. 13. Condovv^&xov, qua verba xb 81 TtoGax&g cum verbo sequente non coniungimtur, v. quae dedimus sirailia exempia ad 52a29. xad^ bxbqov XQOTtov, h. e. ofiavv^ucos. Naraque iustitia et fortitudo dicimtur 106 a 6 dlX' OXL xal bonae, quatenus ipsae anirai quandam qualitatem exprimunt, salubritas vero dicitur bona, non quatenus quale aiiquid sit

106 a 2 xb 8b
structionis

exprimit, sed quatenus aliquid efficit (sanitatera inteli.). 106 b 4 De eo quod dicitur dva ^6ov v. quae dediraus ad 12 a 2. Si duo quae inter se contraria sunt (ut eI xav iisv ...

fi6ov

ksvxbv et (iskav) vel et ita dicuntur, ut aliquid iis sit dvdc et ita, ut non sit, vei ita, ut semper quidem aiiquid habeant dva fieGov., sed hoc ipsum non seraper idera sit, veliit xb nlv 6oy,(pbv iv gxjDv^^ xb dh (paibv iv iQcb^iiaxi xov khv.1

nov xal fiskavos dva ^sGov, voces arabiguas esse apparet.

106 b 26 Quod numerum piuralem dvxlicsLVxac ex optimis 29*
libris

452
recepiraiis, id satis

Topica.

defensum videtiir exemplis quae dedimus Ad vs. sq. cf. l2a'2H. ad 69 b 3. De pronomine adtb 106 b 29 De tctgxSsl diximus ad 16 b 1. \s. 38 V. quae dedimus ad 6a8. 107 a 3 Considerandnm est, rium eadem vox quocunque modo usurpata (ml Tcdvtav) in eadem semper categoria sit: naraque bonum ita dicitur, ut et ad categoriam tov tcolelv et ad t6 jcoidv et ad tb Tcoth et ad t6 tcoGov pertinere appareat, imde

patet arabiguam

esse boni notionem.

si

colore praedicatur, qualitatem,

exprimit (schoi. 262 a 4), de angulo, quantitatem significat. 107 a 18 Deinde, etiam si quae vox in eadem semper categoria (in eodem sumrao genere) insit, taraen videndum est, num genera inferiora et proxima quae dicimtur diversasint, quorum alterum si non continetur altero , duas habebimus defi,

Item t6 Xsvxbv si de de voce, actionem quandam si et t6 dt,v si de voce, actionem

nitiones diversas, ut vocis ambiguitas manifesta

sit.

Sic

e. g.

quae voce 6vog significantur (to; VTcb tb dvofxa), quaraquam ad categoriara substantiae semper pertinent, taraen in eo differunt, qiiod et animalia esse possunt et supeliex. Sin autem genera, quibus eadera vox subiecta est, ita diversa sunt, ut alterum altero contineatur, vocem arabiguam esse non consequitur: nam utrumque genus, quura quod in altero (in eo intell. quod rainus late pateat) insit ab altero non prorsus sit alienum sed siraul utrique subiectum esse et possit et debeat, de eadem re vere praedicabitur, \it rei natura eadem maneat, sive per hoc genus definiatur sive per illud. 107 a 37 Praepositio ex cum participio yivd^fvov melius, ni fallor, abesset. Quod dicat vs. 38 tov Idiov ipse explicat
, -.

b2

sq.

107 b 4 et 17 Quum alias 6vvd>vv^0L dici soleant duae voces vel duae res, qaae in eodera genere sint eandemque naturam vel qualitatem exprimant (v. quae diximus ad la6), hic 6vvcovvfiog dicitur una vox, quae quo raodo cunque usurpata eandem semper significationem habeat, vox non arabigua: nihil enim hic significat t6 6vvcovvfiov nisi t6 {itj o^covvfiov.
107 b 8 t6
0r]fiavti7ibv xal TCOirjtLxbv

vyutas,

h. e. t6 vyLScvbv

6[iG)vv^ov 6v (I06b35).

Si quis

nitione coraplexus est, definitio

vocem arabiguam una defiexaminanda est, ut quam ipsa

reconditam habeat ambiguitatem appareat.

Vs. 11 dedimus

Topica.
TO(Jovrov, quod et Alexander habiiit
et optimi
facile
(v. schol.

453
262 a 28
et 31)

codd.

praebent,

praesertim

qmim appareat quam

per scribentium incuriam hoc mutari potuerit in TOtovtov^ sequitur enira t6 da t6 tolovtov. Praeterea sensus
ipse requirit lectionem roCovrov:

nam

\it

arabiguitas

vocis

vyiHVQV ostenderetur, probandura erat gcnus quo contineatur raodo ad hanc categoriara pertinere (t6 nocbv intell.) raodo
ad
iliara (t6

noiov).
significantur aut,
si

lOlblSDeinde quae una voce

aut certe

eandera rera

eiusdera rei diversos gradus eadera ratione expri-

munt, inter se comparari possirat (quod semper fieri potest, si vox non est ambigua) (avix^lijta xarcc rb ^ccKkov rj o^oiag)
aut,
si

res ipso genere diversas significant,

dissirailis sit et

quarum

altera,

quura alterius plane

cura ea componi nequeat,

nihil nisi gradum alterius exprimere non potest, comparationera non admittimt. Utrumque autem si locurahabet. vocera ambiguam esse apparet. i^ yccg ^Bvxrj q)G)vrj ksvxov tnariov ovrs

[lakXov Isvxi] kiysrai o^O"' oiioicog tco l^aric) Xeyerai Aeuxiy,

cj(J^'

ov 6v^^li]rd.
Cf.

107 b 19 enEL ds...

Cap. 16.

quae habuimus

b 16 sqq.

J)e differentiarum inventione.

107 b 39 rug 8b diaqioQdg^ quas quaerendas esse tertio loco com-

memoravit cap. 13. 108 al Toig ex optt. codd. addidimuSj quum sensus requirat: apparet enim e verbis sequentibus ravra yuQ iinavra ex tou a^ov ysvovg s6riv et ex ipso exemplo rcc ysvi] ra nQog aXXrjXa esse ra dvri8ii]Qr]^eva, quae hoc loco dixit nQog &XXrjXa., quum adhuc in raente haberet quae iis opposita sunt Vs. 2 et in seqq. dedimus dvdQsiag pro Tcc vTtdXkrjXa yivi]. dvdQiag., quippe quam scripturam optimi libri exhibere so-

leant.

Cap. 17.

De

inventione similitndinis.

108 al

rr]V 8% onoLorr^ra.,

quae quarta erat quaestio quamcap. 13

proposuit.
si guis Cap. 18. Quam utilitatem in disptitando habeat multiplicem vocum potestatem, 38 differentias (b 7) et similitu.,

dines exploraverit., exponitur.

464

Topica.

108 a 21 Opponuntiir t6 Jtgds t6 jtQay^a GvXXoyl^e^&ai, et to Jtgdg td dvo(ia , de qua quidem oppositione v. quae diximus Scripsimus t6 dvo^a et vs. 29 t6 i5xrd, ad 101 a 29 sub fin. quia cum emphasi haec verba pronuntiantur.

108 a 27

sq.

naQakoyLG^^vai, passive usurpatur, sicut GvkXsloyL-

^^ai 1357a8. quem locum adscripsimus I. p. 373, quamquam eadem forma etiam sensu activo ab Aristotele ponitur 174 b 11,
175 b 31, .35 et 37. 108 a.32 Hoc vero non semper accidere potest, sed non nisi si verum est quod defendimus, quum unam, falsum vero, quum

Nam

alteram vocis cuiusdam ambiguae significationem inteliigimus. si wtravis significatione accepta vera exiret propositio,

etiam ratiocinatio, per quam coacta est , non esset paralogismus , sed verus syllogisraus , quamvis reprehendendus propterea quod non unum, sed phira simul coegerit.

108 b 11

o^d

yccQ

QadLov iQxiv

sl

{irj

Qccdtov
v.

dsl XsysLV tb

ddiJvaTov.1 ut alio loco dicit Aristoteies:

quae diximus ad

8a29: nara

ipsi notioni inductionis

hoc repugnat.

108 b 12 tovs s^ VTiodsGscos 6vXkoyL0^ovs, h. e. tovs Sl' ofioXoyiag TCSQatvoiisvovs t de quibiis v. quae diximus I. p. 433. Concessionem, qua nituntur syllogismi de quibus hic ioquitur,
ipse indicat vs. 13 et 15.

De una
et,

re vel specie verura esse

quod defendiraus, probaraus

quura reliquarum eandem ra-

tionem esse concesserit adversarius, de omnibus valere quod voluraus per hanc ipsara concessionera (l^ v7io&s6scos) colligimus. Niuneri mutati (nara verba STtl tovtcov vs. 15 etl8 ad id referimtur quod vs. 14 singulari numero indicavit voce o T^t et vs. 16 voce sksZvo) exempla coilegimus ad 69 b 3, cum quibus cf. quae diximus ad 16 bl sub fin. et ad 28 a 6. nam genus est id ipsum quod sin108 b 21 ovK ditoQriGoy.sv

gulis oranibus

comraune

est (t6 sv

smGtcp tavtov)

et neces-

sario

cum eorum natura conixmctum.

ticularia.

Problemata avt unwersalia sunt aut par109 a 6 Pritnum docetidum est quomodo proposi10 Problema quod pertinet tio universe afjirmans refutetur. ad accidens a reliquis eo differt,, quod accidens ad ipsam rei naturam nihil facit. 27 Duo problematis sunt vitia.
Lib. II. cap. 1.

109 a 7 Std ts tb

Priraum indicat cur non incipiendum

sit

propositionibus particularibus, deinde (xal dia tb vs. sq.) cur

Topica.

455

primo non dicendum sit jieqI Tav itaraGytivttGtiy.cbv'. ratio in eo est, quod quae ad disputandum proponuntur saepius sunt
affinnantia

quam negantia

ut qui disputationem aggrediatur

non propositionem affirmantem probare, sed evertere debeat id quod ab adversario affirmatum sit. 109 a 10 Brevius haec dixit quam ciarius; sententia enim haec est Igxi 8e lakEncoxatov tb dvxtGxQEcpsLV trjv dnb xov 0vfiE^}]x6xog dvo^aGiav (xaxtjyoQLav) , CT0r' SLvac oiKelav xov TtQayfiaxog li. e. quod praedicatur sicut accidens id cura re ipsa de qua praedicatur, pierumque non potestconverti, quura verara eius naturam non exprimat (quamquara interdura hoc
:

posse vidimus 103 a30). Namque si definitio vel genus proprium de ea re praedicantur ad quam pertinent, ipsam eius naturam exprimunt, cum qua necessario coniuncta confieri

vei

verti possunt (v. vs. 13

19).

accidente:
(jfg,

nam quod
Ti)

accidens est,

Quod longe aliter se liabet in id quodammodo quidem

xatd

praedicatur, neque tamen sirapliciter et sensu

(cf.

proprio praedicatur

aliqua re praedicatur

83 a 14). Quare (vs. 22), si quid de 6v^^^r]x6g^ non consequitur rem esse tale aliquid quale exprimit tb 6v^^E^rjic6g, velut si color albus vel iustitia de aliquo praedicantur xaxa Gv^^E^t]cog

xdg,
ipsa,

non sequitur colorem album vel iustitiam ita cura re de qua praedicentur, coniunctura esse, ut cum ea con-

verti possint.
xisset

Pro ^Evxbg

et dlxaLog (vs. 24) clarius di-

kivxov
2.

ti et dlicaLOV ti.

Cap.

accidens., est. ut

de altero., de quibus praedicetur id de quo praedicatur

14 denique
,

Primus locus, quo refutetur^ quod aliud alius sit probemus non ut accidens praedicari alterum bl3 alius ut videamus sed alio modo quocunque
.,

.,

30

alius.^

ut dejiniamus

et

accidens et

.,

llOalO deinde,

ut ipsi nobiscum repu-

tantes et adversarii sententia?n nostramfacientes ei occurramus^

ut

obtemperandum

sit

dejiniamus quoad communi mori verborum vel vel ab eo recedendum.

109 a 34 xat' dkkov tcva tQOTtov,

quem

definit

b8

sq.

ag yEVog^
ac-

ag

lidiov

rj

(og 6QL6fi6g.
fit,

109 a 39 Interdura
henderit
sunt,

ut qui genere utatur pro accidente,

ut
eius

cidens prius ita definiverit,

, saepe tamen , ubi fines ex ipsa locutione genus pro accidente haberi apparet:

nomine genus compreaccidentis non constituti

456
fit

Topica.
enim hoc,
quiiin praedicatur

de specie quod a genere de-

nam genus semper ipsum praedicatur de specie et Ita quidera, ut et nomen et notio (natura) eius speciei tribuendum sit. Quare non quod derivatur a genere, sed gerivatur;

nus ipsum de specie praedicari debet.

Qui autem de specie

praedicat quod a gencris noraine derivatur, genus pro acci-

dente habet, quod probatur b8 12. 109 b 21 olov si Singuiae cuiusque oppositorum speciei quam commemoravit vs. 18 sq. exemplura addit. Mendum est quod in Bkki ed. legitur vs. 26 dvadxevd^eiv xal TtaraVs. 25 6 tojtog dvtLGTQS0){t;^tv pro nara&x. xal dvaGK. tpsi est 6 tojtog TCQog d}i(p6tSQa XQij6i[i6g s6ttv: quare docetur in iis quae sequuntur quoraodo xataGicSvd^ovti, lioc loco,
.

qui divisione continetur,

utendum

sit.

109 b

.'}l

dfig)otSQ(X}v xa%'' sxdtSQOV, h. e. Q^atSQOV fisv 'jcaO^o

vnoTCQd-

xeitat Q^atsQov 6h

xa&o xatrjyoQsitai xal

cSg

(Sv^^s^ijxs

ta

y^ati.

110 a 20 Alexandrum pro ag iegisse ^

apparet.

ex scholiis (266 a 3 sqq.)

Cap. 3. Si vocis ambiguitas adversarium lalet^ non nisi ea notione utejidum est , quae commode conciliari possit cum eo quod vel defendimus vel refellimus ; b 8 si non latet explanata et adoptata multiplici eius potestate vel adstruendum vel destruendum est id quod volumus. 16 Item etiam omnibus^ qiiae etsi non ambigua non eadem semper ratione dicuntur., utejidum
,

est prouti disputatiojiis ratio postulat.

Quum adversarium refutantes 110 a.32 nXyjV dvaGxsvd^ovtL vocem ambiguara de alia non praedicari ostendiraus nulla concessione opus est: nam etiam si omissa altera vocis notione alteram solara cum aliquo eorura , de quibus vocem praedicari dixit adversarius, conciliari non posse doceamus, satis confutatum est quod volumus; sin autem, ut refellaraus quod ille contendit, vocem ambiguam de alia praedicari probamus, alteram solam vocis ambiguae notionem de aliquo eorura, de quibus vocem praedicari non posse contendit adversarius, reverapraedicari demonstrandum est. Quum vero non
.
.

refellimus,
cari vel

ut

probamus vocem ambiguam vel praediprius ab adversario petendum est, concedat de reiiquis quod de uno solo probetur, quamsed
ipsi

negari

de

alia,

Topica.

457

quam hoc

(b 4)

non faciendum

est nisi ubi

communem arguita

mentationera, quae diversas vocis ambiguae notiones

plectatur ut simul ad
. .

com-

omnes

pertineat, frustra quaesivimus.

Brevius haec et negligentius dicta sunt. 110 b 2 diotL xaOa Locura interpretantes Boethius et vet. intp. vertunt propter hoc", quasi pro diOTi scriptum esset dia tovto. Sensus apertus est: oloi' sl tj tov dv&QC07Cov ipvpj d&dvatog.^ o&a dno.

XQri
sic

tovto TCQog tb dil^ai, oti ^v%r] Ttdou dd^dvatog^ quod exprimere voluit Aristoteles oiov sl ij tov dv&QcoTtov
:

ifvx^ d&dvatog., ovx soti tovto tb dc' 6 rt ipvx^ naOa d&dvatog. Qua quidem artificiosa explicatione non opus est, si
simplici ort usurpatum esse dicas, cuius usus alia exempla ex Topicis coiiegiraus ad 58 bl extr. 110 b 16 Ex iis quae hic dicit apparet non idera esse to noXXaXag s. Ttksovaxcog keyo^svov et t6 o^covvfiov. Nara iliud latius patet: cf. 1003 b 33 to ds ov Xsystai [isv noXkaxcog, dkXa nghg 'sv %a\ iiiav ttva cpv6iVy xal oix ofiavv^ag dkk' co6nsQ xal t6 vyisivbv dnav n^bg vyisiav, t6 fiev ta cpvXdttSiv, td

diotL pro

8s

noiSLV,

t6 8s t6 Orj^slov slvaL
(idera

tijg

vyLsiag,
fecit

tb d' ort

dsatLxbv adtijg.
copia interposita

Orationem dvaxokovd^ov
accidit
sl

exemplorum
quare aliud

111 b 33 sqq.):
.
.

initium surasit vs. 25 dicens

ovv ^LTjda^ag

110 b 26 Si igitur nullus modus (ex iis quos comraeraoraviraus vs. 18 sqq.) , quo unara esse phiriura doctrinara inteliigi possit, locura habet, non unara esse doctrinam pluriura dicendura est, si vero quodara modo verura est, pluriura esse unam doctrinara contendi poterit.
teliigi

Si quid autera pluribus raodis in-

potest, non nisi ea proferenda sunt quae consentanea

sunt et facile conciliantur cura eo quod ipsi defendiraus, ea

vero quae repugnant reticenda. 110 b 36 ^ ndhv .. Brevius haec dixit: plenius enira dicendura erat r} ndhv ^rj slvaL tods tovds sa tav avtav tonav aata6}csva0tsov.i ijyovv sx tov xata fitjdsva tav Qtjd^svtav tQonav toSs tovds sivai.
.

Cap. 4. Pro obscuro nomine sumendnm est nomen perspicuum. 14 Quod de genere praedicatur, idem etiam de aliqtia specie et vice versa, 33 et de quo gemis, de eodem etiam
species aliqua praedicahitur ; si
nus.

autem nulla species., neque geb 12 Perscrutandae sunt etiam dejinitiones rei ad quam disputatio pertinet, 17 deinde quae consequentia sint eius con-

4S8

Topica.
24 De-

tra quod disputamus et ex quibus ipsum consequatur.

inde temporis ralio habenda est , ut videamus sistere possitit quae contendat adversarius.

num

simul ex-

111 a 10 Restituimus lectionem quam cum Boethio et codicibus optimis pleraeque editiones tuentur. Altera lectio trjv (pLXoTiQay^oGvvrjv ab
iis

profecta videtur

qui

vsiv ex antecedentibus repetendum putarent,

dem

iure oratio suppietur per

verbum

adn',

verbum Xa^^dquamquam eoquod nostra le-

ctio postulat.

111 a 26 ^aov filv... Miror quod Aristoteles, qmim de accidente agat, differentiam vero (101 b 18) generi cognatam dixerit,

exemplum

hic ita sumsit,

(cf.

rentiam expresserit

Ib 18

o6a yag... quod Vs. 31 o6a ds...

111 a 34

colligitur

non accidens, sed diffequae ibi diximus). Vs. 30 secundo modo figurae primae.
\it

et

Idem hic exemphim ante oculos habuisse

tb yivog,
intell.

videtur Aristoteles quod dedit vs. 26.

00

ex^L

c5g

vnaQiov aitolg,

h. e.

oGoig vTcaQxsi tb yevog.

de quibus v. quae diximus rj o0a dXla XLV^Cecjg BYdt] ad 15al3. 111 b 14 Dedimus quod edd. Bkko priores exhibent omnes. Idem .habet Boethius. Accedit quod etiam sensus nostram iectionem requirit: nam Aristoteles non dicitab una definitione sola peti non posse argumenta quibus impugnetur quod contendat

lllbl

.,

adversarius, sed a rei definitionibus,

sis

ait,

sive veris sive fal-

quae adversario probentur argumenta quibus eum refellamus petenda sunt, etiam si non sumantur ab una eaque vera rei definitione (plures enim eiusdemrei eaeque veraedefinitiones non dantur), sed a pluribus quare oratio sic supplenda est aav il n^ dtp^ avbg 6qi0[iov s^eiij EmxsLQBlv, dkl' diib nXsioSimilem particulae dkla usum liabemus vcov STtLxsiQrjtsov. particula dkka quamquam non proprie referNam 19. a 172 tur ad particulam }ir] quae praecessit, tamen negatione prae:

cedente excusatur. 111 b 31 Lectionem nostram codicum optimonun et Boethii auquum formula a/lA' t) tam trita sit , ut ctoritas defendit , Quod facilius in contextum inferri quam expungi potuerit.
hic

recepimus etiam

aliis

locis occurrit
rt

e. g.

253 a 6 ovdsv

yaQ aXK' dnoQsl 6 tovto Xsycov ^ dta tav 6vtGiV tk ds XLVsltaL.

ov%

ds\

za

fisv t^qs^sl

Topica.
Cap, 5.
sujit

459

Disputatio traducenda est ad ea quae nobis faad impugna?idum. 112al6 Satis cojifutatur adversarius^ si quidquam refetlitur ex iis quae consequentia sunt eius quod ipse contendit.
cilia

111 b 35
est, si

Ab

ipso probleraate ad aliud qnid dispiitatio traducenda

adversarius neget aiiquid, quod disputanti concedi devel (vs. 38)

ex;

beat, ut illum refellat,

si is

qui alteruni confu-

tare velit inductione facta

ea propositione

quam defendat
sit.

adversarius (dia toi) nci^Bvov 112 al, dia f^g &E6sag\s.6),

ipse refellere studeat id
Sit e. g. thesis

quod per inductionem probatum

adversarius

quam defendat

praedicari de
:

lam qui hoc redarguere vult inductionem facit hoc modo ^ praedicatur de B (quod tu sumsisti), ita etiam de C, autem species vel etiam individiia de D et de&', BCD et simt qiiae continentur communi genere l^: quare praedicari de genere F; quod si redarguitur, satis refutatum debet erit etiara id quod contendit adversarius praedicari de B. Apparet inde non opus esse coniectura Pacii qui vs. 38 aTcayayrjv et 112 a5 dnayayrjg scribi voluit, quae quidem lectio, quamquam (coli. Anal. pr. II. c. 25) veri quadam specie non caret, praesertim quum vs. 5 quidam codices habeant aTto tamen hac difficultate laborat, quod ^ dia tov BJtaycoyrjg xSL^Bvov vel dia trjg d^&Gsag dnaycoyr] eum sensum habere vix poterit, quem deprehendere in his sibi visus est lui. Pacius: vertit enim abductio ab {dia 112alet6) eo quod positum est vel a thesi". Accedit quod Boethius et Alexander
B.
sicut

lectionem vuigarera habent.

in

Alia

liuius

loci

difficuitas est

verbo TtOirjGa^svog: nam tum Alexander (schoi. 26Tb 42) refert ab aliis scribi 7COirj6a}isvov tum quod codices praebent ita comparatum est, ut quae vera sit lectio inde eiicere non Boetliius habuit Ttoitj^d^uEvog^ quod recepiraus, quum possis.
altera lectio ab
iis

profecta videatur, qui lioc orationis

mem-

brum

quo habetur dQvrjCa^ivov tov ditOKQivapihvov, simile esse debere putarcnt: quaraquam etiam si vera lectio esset noirjGa^evov , tamen hoc de eo qui responderet (tov dnoTCQivafisvov) dictura esse non posset propterea, quod 6 dnoKQivd^svog ipse non facit inductionera, sed ant concedit autnonconcedit. quura non interroget, sed respondeat. Deinde quis est qui ipse faciat inductionem. qua quod probetur faprioris,
in

460
cilins fiat

Topica.
ad evertendum quam id quod ab
initio

ad defen-

dendum
112 a 5

sibi proposuit*?

aXts (XQvrjda^Bvov, inteli. rovto, slg o dyo^Bv rbv loyov xal TiQOS d tinoQOvy.BV iTtixsiQi^fidtav ^ quod vss. sqq. signi-

ficavit simpiici

voce avto.

112 a 7

Tertium denique quod commemoravimus locum liabet, quum disputatio traducitur ad aliud quid quod plane alienum est ab eo de quo disputatur, ut non id ipsum quod defendat adversarius refellatur, sed aliud quidquam (aAAog jrapglaAgy^^frat) quod nobis quidem facilius sit ad evertendum, cum eo vero de quo agatur omnino non cohaereat. Quod si fieri animadvertit qui respondet, non aegre ferre debet, si quae concedenda sint quae ad ipsam rem de qua agatur non pertineant, sed liaec quidem prompte dare adiicientem simui quae concedat quidem, quamquam non probet. Nam qui disputationem traducit ad id quod a re plane alienxim est, quum plura interrogare debeat quam quae ad thesin ipsam refutandam pertineant , quo plura sibi conceduntur , eo facilius perturbatur et confunditur, si ex iis cogi aut niliil possit aut nonquod ad disputationem ipsam nihil faciat.

nisi id

112a21 Boetluus: Cavere autem

lioris

oportet in huiusmodi difficiassumtionem facere" , vetus interpres Cavere autem oportet et liuius eo quod difficilioris suppositio fiat", ut ipsam (quam etiam proutrumque aut lectionem codicis pterea recipiendam putavimus , quod codices BCf et in iis quae proxime antecesserunt et in iis quae sequuntur a vero
:

aberravisse videntur) aut aliam

eamque

haiid

multum

diver-

sam habuisse appareat.

Cap. 6. Si e duobus de aliqua re aut unum praedicatur aut alterum, eadem argumentatio utrumque complectitur. 32 Deinde quid nomen ipsum signijicet et unde ductum sit exa-

minandum
21 et patae

necessario fiant

num
sifit^

confusa sint quae quae Jieri soleant vel iis quae casu fiant, notiones quae non nisi nomine differant ita usurest.
iis

bl Deinde videndum num

quasi altera

sit

accidens alterius.

112

a.32

hnX tov Xoyov

sc.

tov keyovta

rt (SrniaivH toiivofia,

ag

fidliGta

nQOGijXov
h. e.

neltaL toiivona.^

exXa^^dvsLV tovtov tbv Xoyov ^ cog quasi propria nominis potestas melius

perspiceretur

ex eius origine

quam

ex

communi more ver-

Topica.

401

Notandum est quod superlativus pLdXi6ta pro borum. comparativo usurpatur sequente particula ^, quod facile explicatur eo, quod summus gradus inferiores complectitur omnes quare quod hic habemus sic inteliigendum est: (Off ^dhCta TCQoGrjxov ourcog sxXa^^dv8LV xal ^aXXov 8^ ovtag ^ as asitai toijvoaa. Simiie est quod legitur 226 b 23, quem locum adscripsimus ad 12 a 2. 893 b 7 x 7tEQittco}iatog yccQ nXsi6tov iq tov dv&QcoTCov ^qI^ ^ 1] tov TCQo^dtov. Item ex superiativo comparativus eliciendus est 669 b 6 diOTCSQ dv&Qcota 8s ^OToxa tav dkkav 3C0S ^sv tav dkkav dQQ^otatov 44 1 a 24 kentotatov yccQ tav ndvtav vyQav rd TStQa7c68cov. v8aQ s(3ti, xal avtov toi) skaiov. 653 a 28 sxsi 8s tav t,aav
: ,

syxicpalov nksiGtov

dv^Qanos as

yf-oita

fisys&og, xal

rav dv-

^QConav

dQQSvss tav &tjXsiav. De qua quidem dictionis negiigentia auctores qui disseruerunt collegit Zell ad Eth.NiSimiliter etiam comparativvim pro superlacomacli. II, 8, 4.
oi tivo

ab Aristotele usurpatum videmus 77T b 3 ndvtav yccQ

nltjv
sXscpavtos.

dv&Qanog nksia i,^ iqovov, ita sint, mirum non est, quod
coniungantur, velut

Quae quum
776 a 29 ndv-

diversi

comparationis gradus
:

cnm

superlativo positivus

rav

8'

jj

rQOcprj

rb yXvKvtatov xal nsnsfifisvov vel

cum com-

parativo superlativus 458 a 12 systQStai

otav... diaiCQL&TJ TO ts (3a^ata8s6tSQOv al^a xal tb xad^aQcotarov. 891 a 36 6i

Tt dv&Qanos ^ovov i'(J%ft lsvxi]v; notSQov oTt ksnto8sQ^6tatov tav ^aav s6tiv, dfia 8s nal nvsv}iata8s6tSQ0V ; Conf. 1337 a 18 dsi 8h t6 ^skti6tov rjd^os ^sXtiovos aXtiov noXitsias,

8\

h. e. '66co 8s ^sXtiOv tb ii^os, to6ovtcp ^sXtiovos dsl xal ;ro-

Xitsias altiov s6tiv.,

a6rs rb ^sXti6tov

tijs ^sXri6rr]S.

Per

similem in scribendo negiigentiam positivus ponitur praecedente comparativo 896 a 2 ro 8s 7](isqov ^sXnov, rb 8s dyQiov
cpavXov.

bemus 1364 b 31

expllcandus sit comparativus quem hapromptu est: dicit enim nai rd noXv^QOVicbtSQa {^si^a s6tiv dya&d) tav dXiyoxQOViatSQav xal td ^s^aiotSQa tav ^rj ^s^aiOtSQav (h. e. tav d^s^aiotSQav).
in

Quomodo

Cap. 7. Si plures propositiones eidem contrariae sunt., ea sumenda est pro contraria quae maxime consentanea est cum eo quod defendimus. 113 a 20 Deinde videndum est num quod accidenti contrarium sit de eadem re praedicetur de qua etiam accidens., 24 vel num quid dictum sit de aliqua re,

462

Topica.
co?itraria

unde

de ea praedicari consequatur, 33

et

num quod
sit

accidens in se suscipiat etiam id quod ei contrarium

suscipere possit.

in se

113a6

mv

117}

...

wllOSh WxQiGiv
xaQ-''

dsdLa^BGecav oda&v^ dvofisv

sXlsiil^LV
,

xaxLcbv, f^g ^sv

d' (XQBtiig

vtceq^oXtjv rrjs Se xat'

^lccs

^^S ^EGotrjtog , naGtti jtdcGaLg dvtUsLVtttC Ttcog [lav yaQ ccxQttL xal r^ iti(J?; xal dkkijkttig ivavtiaL slGlv 6b [.isGr] talg ccKQaLg et quae sequuntur.

ai
,

rj

113a20 Hunc locum non eundem

buimus

esse atque eum quem ha112 a 24 per se intelligitur ; nam alter docet quosi

raodo refellere possimus adversariura,

accidenti,

quid contrarium

sit

quod

ilie

defendat,

alter vero

oranem demonstra-

tionem quae pertineat ad accidens, cui aliud contrarium sit, per dvtL(ptt6LV transferri posse ad contrarium. Apparet igitur alterum quidem ex altero fluere, neque tamen propter hoc alter eorum ex contextii omnino eiiciendus erit, quod quosdam interpretes faciendum piitavisse auctor est Aiexander (scliol. 269 a 27). Notandum est autem quod saepius accidit in Topicis , xit diio loci enuraerentur qui revera non
diversi sint:
iibris

cuius rei caiisa in eo est,

,

non

tara id egit

ut certara

quod Aristoteles his quandam doctrinam ordine

rera
fecit

et ratione expjicaret, quara ut quaedara proponeret quae utiiia

esse

possent

iis

suara defenderent.

qiii argumenta quaererent quibus Quare minime probandum est quod

Alexander, ut singulorura iocoriim discrimina argute expiicentur: talis enim siibtiiitas a doctrina Topicorum aliena esse debet: nara Aristoteles ipse saepiiis dicit non tradi in his libris discipliuam quae a certis principiis proficiscens via et ratione quae inde consequantur exponat, sed artem quandam qiiae non veritatis stiidio ducatiir, sed veri speciem persequatur, iit eius praecepta non geometrica siibtilitate exponi et inter se distingiii, sed
Tca nsQLka^SLv), ut
sint.
qiii

ita

adiimbrari velint (cSg tviis

disputent quara faciiiirae

uti

pos-

113 a 31 xal ale^rjtaL... nam singiiiae ideae certam quandam rerura speciem et forraara exprimimt : species aiitem et forma
ociiiis cernitiir.

113 bl Vet. intp. cod. Gotli. oraittit verba ij cpiXia., Boethius vero vertit ,,an in concupiscentia", qiiasi pro jj cpLXia iiabuisset ^ sv t^ snL&viiia , quod quum ab hoc ioco alienura esse

Toplca.
debere appareat, nos quoque
dicibus potiorem habuiraus,
ista

463
expunximus.

Item etiam

in sequentibus Boethii et veteris interpretis auctoritatem co-

quum iam in antecedentibus haud eorum librorum fide recedere coacti essemus, qui alias optimam lectionem exliibere solent. Il3b"3 ovK av..., h. e. ovdh xb ^iGog av Eirj h> ra &v}ioLdsly
raro ab
aAA' kv t(b ejtL^v^rjtLTiG)^ &6ts
}ir]

BTifxS^aL dQyjj.

Cap.
est.,

8.

ut videamus
sit

Non-A
rium

oppositorum generibus ita utendum B sit consequens termini A , etiam co7isequefis termini Non-B, 27 deinde num contra-

Quattuor

num

si

sit

contrarii cofiseqtiefis,

114a7 num

privatiofiis privatio.^

13 defiique

num

etiatn

in

iis

quae dicutitur

tcqos tL opposi-

tum
11.3

sit

oppositi cofisequens.

b 15 GHonsiv X ftfv..., h. e. Gnonslv si dxoXov&ijGSL ti] dvdncchv tijg zatrjyoQiccg y.at' dvtiq^aCLV tSiv OQGJV Xa^^avo^Evciv j videndiun est num termini propositionis ita converti possint, ut, utroque sumto xar' dvtLcpa6LV quod orationi subies. sumtis iis quae utrique repugnent, ctum erat in praedicati iocum et quod praedicatum in subiecti locum substitui possit: qua quidem conversione facta (eandem iam habuimus 53 b 12 et 57 b 1 3) propositionem veram vel falsam exire per inductionem probandum est. 113 b 25 TCQog a^cpoi dvtL6tQscpsL. Et propositio negans affirmantis et affirmans negantis consequens esse debet. 1 14 a 4 Praepositionem SJti., quam ex sequentibus adiectam receperunt editiones priores, delevimus, quum neque Boethius
TtQotdosL t6

eam

exhibeat.

Cap. 9. Quod probatur de uno ex iis quae ab eodem verbo derivantur^ id simul probatur de omnibus. b 6 Si quid praedicatur de alio., videndutn est fium etiam contrarium praedicetur de cofitrario.
rei colligendum
est,

16 Deinde e generatiofie

num

ipsa

sit

et corruptione bofium an malum.

114 a 26

De OvOtoixoLg et de ntch6s6L diximus ad 16 bl et Vs. 29 Boethium et veterem interpretem secuti ad 79 b 6. pro ^ dedimus nal td. Vs. 30 recepimus sxsivcp quod et

codices optimi et Boeth. et vet. intp. praebent.

1 14

Recepimus

yivstttL

quod meliores codd. praebent omnes

404
cf.

Topica.
154 b 23 dvs6iiEVK6^Evov yivETai
et

155 a 9 dv^Qrmivog

yivetai.

114 b 3 Dictunis grj^ijGEtaL 6s rh dmalcDg xal InaivBtmg xata trjv avtrjv ntaGiv, tb nsv dnb tov snaivstov tb 6' dnb T^g
diicaioGvvrjg orationem ita txirbavit, ut aiit vei'ba diHaicog xal

omittenda fuissent aut pro xa&aTtSQ tb dLxaicag dnb

aaiodvvrjg dicendum fuisset xal ditb T^g dixaioOvvtjg.

tijg dt-

114 b 11 sl 8s tavta ^rj., h. e. sl 8s tb dbixcog o&x, dnsiQag. Fortasse enim erit (vs. 12) qui quod iniuste fiat non imperite, sed perite lieri dicat: quare etiam quod iuste fiat imperite fieri dicet (o756' sxslva vs. 11).
tSQOV., V.

Vs. 13

s'iQr]taL

nQo-

ll3b2T.

Cap. 10. Videndum est num similia de similibus et num quod de uno idem etiam de multis vere dicatur. 37 Alia ar-

gumenta petuniur a graduum comparatione., 115 a 15 a similitudine {dvaXoyia) vel a verisimilitudine.

114 b 35
sl

ovv

...,

h. e. sl

ovv

[irj

dXrj&sg snl nokXav^ otL rb

cqp'

sni(3ta6%aL diavoslGd^ai sGtLV^

oi56'

svbg dkrj&sg s6taL.

Vs. 38 verba xal '^ttov quae addi solent ante ronoL ex Boethii,

vet. intp.

115
1

2 Particuiam ovv
inteli.
iq

optimorumque codd. auctoritate omisimus. quam omisimus neque Boeth. neque

rj]

vet. intp. habet.

15 a 5 rovro

vov snLdodSL

rb sl dxoXovdsl *} /li^ rov av^^s^rjxotog inidoGtg.

rov vnoxsLfis-

Cap. 11. Si quid rei adiicitur quod qualitatis vel mutationem vel accessionem efficit id quod adiicitur eadem qualitate praeditum sit necesse est, b3 Quale aliquid comparate dieitur^ tale etiam simpliciter, 11 Qiiod quodammodo dici potest., id etiam simpliciter verum est.
,

115 a 31
lisv.

6(iOL(og, intell. cag snl rov ksvKoij xal dya\tov sdsi^aUtilem autem dicit hunc locura non nisi in iis quorum qualitas augeri vel minui possit, quod non de eo loco quera exposuit vs. 29 '31, sed de eo quera habuimus vs. 26 29, dictum esse per se intelligitur, quura, si haec de altero acciperentur, plane supervacanea essent. Quare etiara quae adduntur vs. 33 de loco priori intelligenda sunt, quod etiam ex exeraplo (vs. 35) apparet. Nam si, ait, quod adiicitur

Topica.

465

non bonum facit id cui adiicitur, id ipsum quod adiiciatur non bonura esse non necessario consequitur.
115 b 4 t6 yccQ...

Nam
.

nisi

quid simpiiciter

sit

bonum

vei al-

bum, neque
simpliciter

raagis

vel
.

minus bonum vei aibnm

dici poterit.

non neque augeatur neque minuatur; nara multa eorum quae gradura non adraittunt [tav ov Xsyonivcov ^aXXov) taraen sirapliciter dicuntur. 115 b 13 x6 yccQ... Nara quum quod fieri omnino nequeat nuiio modo fieri possit, id quod aiiquo modo fieri possit, simpli115 b 7 ovx dvri,6TQBq)8i
dici
.

Non

vice versa colligere licet

id

cuius gradus

citer fieri posse putaraus. 115 b 16 Quae vulgo adduntur oddslg yccQ cpvOsL q)Q6vL{iog.i quum explicationis gratia aiiena raanu adiecta videantur, vet. intp.

cod. Gotii. secuti, licet invito Boetliio qui ea retinuit,

simus.

omi-

Vs. 26 Boetiiius et vetus interpres vertunt: erit

bonura in .Triballis", quod non fecissent, si iiabuissent oviSi TQi^dkXoLg. Accedit quod nostra lectio, qimra negiigentiam

quandara

in scribendo

gis videtur convenire.

receperit Blcltus

lectionem nQ06\fdg cur non non intelligo, qimra vs. 30 praecesserit /ai^Vs.
.33

admissam prodat,

Aristoteiis stiio

ma-

divbg 7tQ06TB&8VT0g
Lib. III.
cap.
si
1.

BQSlg.

Praeferendum esse aliud

est stabilius

alii cognosci-

tur

.,

13

primum

sapiente.

praefertur a viro 23 Deinde species et genus accideTiti praestant 29

et
,

alterum

deinde quod per se eligitur ei quod propter aliud, b 1 quod per se causa est boni ei qiiod per accidens^ 8 quod simpliciter bo-

num
lior
,

est ei

prium

quod non simpliciter 13 quod rei praestantiori pro22 quod proposito Jini propius et cuius Ji?iis mequod per se spectatum pulchrius est et praedenique 3T
,

est.,

stantius.

116 a 20

Haec enim communis artis dialecticae aySLV non tam argumentis veris quara iis utamur, per quae evincamus quod ad defendendum nobis proposuerimus.
d'
.

8u

lex est. ut

116 a 23 t6 otibq t68b tl genus et speciem rei significant, quippe quae accidente {rov firj Iv yevsL) sint potiora et praestantiora,

quum

in ipsa rei natura sint posita.

116 b 24 aLQBTcoTEQOv fidkXov. Siraiiia liaberaus 1364 b 2 xal to CpLkBTaLQOV BLVat TOV q>lkoXQ^{lCCTOV ^dkkoV xdklLOVf 0)(JT xal cpiXBTaLQLa (pikoxQrmaTiag. 608 b 5 rovTcav 6' 'ixvri pikv
II.

30

466

Topica.
rjxtav eGvlv sv 71k6vv

\
fiStXXov 6e

tav

ag

sijtslv,

fpavBQcnsQa
JciotSQOt.

sv Toig sxovGi [laklov rj&og nal ndkiGta sv dv&QCOTtcp. 725 b 32

sisztLxol

yaQ dvTCg xal

TCQotsvtai,

'yLVOfisvoi,

TtolvGaQKOt

rj

H&kkov

Tjttov

XCOtSQOi Sl6lV 01 VSOt,

876 a 20 fiakkov vn.vmtitaV TtQSe^VtSQCOV. 955 1) 7 01 tOLOVTOi

GTiSQfia.

(oi fiiKQoxsq)akoL) (lakkov

907 a 35 dia

tl

dQiuvtSQOV
?}

tav (isyaloxsq)dkav q)Q0VL(ic6tsQ0i. dt,Si (lalXov twv aQCJfidtav STtl

8ia6iit,Si^
r}

tscpQag %v^i(oiiivcov

snl toi5 nvQog;

.^

tov Ttsksxvv tig Ttatd^y avtcb

^ovvtog.

853 b 17 sav 6e aQag slattov ^dQogs%ov-

tog tov tvTttovtog nokv fxakXov

347 b 7 sv ds ta Ilovtcp 6

fisv

tov smKSifisvov xal XiSvotog ovx ovTwg noisl

sddiav co6ts yCyvsG&ai dtfiida, 6 ds ^OQsag Sto: trjv ilfVXQOtrjta dvti7tsQii6tdg tb %sq(lov d%QOit,Si, aGts nXslov dtfiit^siv (idktolg G)Oig fiaklov.

684 a 25 sdQvxcoQs6tSQa yaQ 6vta xal [jiSit,co %c3pav sxsi 957 b 8 rjttov ovv 6Qa6iv dKQi^s6tSQ0V. Alia ratio est eonim quae liabemus 857 a 26 otav yccQ jj fiaHQOtSQOV (t6 ^dQog) , td dxQa 6aksvstai , co6ts sXri dv 'nal tov (pSQOVta xf^-XsncotSQOv cpsQSiv fidkkov, h. e. &6ts 6v{i^aivoi dv
lov.

fiaXXov aiQSi6^ai tbv cpsQovta xl

;|;ci:A3rG3T()oi'

cpSQSiv

^dQog
firj
r]

^ (laxQOtSQOV, ov td
dissimilis

dxQa 6aksvsTai.
Eth.

Cui quidem loco haud

xat Qdov ds tb

est

alius

Nic. 1120 a 17

la^siv Tov dovvai

tb yaQ oixsiov '^ttov TtQotsvtai fidXkov

:

o^ Xafi^dvov6i t6 dXlotQiOV nam etiam in his in verbo [idXkov latere videtur notio tov ^ovks6&aL vel toi5 (idkkov alQSi6&ai., quasi diceret Aristoteies t6 yaQ oixsiov (idkkov /3ot5kovtai rjttov 7tQots6&aL., ut non probandum sit quod Zellius vocem (idkkov supervacaneam esse dixerit: auget enim vim eius quod pronuntiatur. Cf. 1405 b 20 biacpSQSL 6' SiTtslv., olov
Qododdxtvkog
iqcos

fidkkov

rj

cpoiVixoddxtvkog

rj

sti cpavko-

tSQOV SQvd^Qoddxtvkog., ubi simplici fidkkov significatur t6 ^sktiov slvai. Item simplici (idki6ta significatur id quod est opti-

mum 1295 b 37 tdg toiavtag

alg
6}]
fijj,

svdsxstai sv TtokitsvsG&ai Jtoksig sv

,

Ttokv t6 fis6ov,

xal xQslttov fidki6ta fisv dfiq^olv

sl

6s

d^atSQOV (iSQOvg.
id
facilc

Quod 1453
excusatiir

a 16 coraparativo adiici-

tur [idkkov,
fidkkov:

eo
iis

quod

vs.

13 praecessit

nam

hic locus simiiis est

quos dedimus ad

14b30

sub

fin.

116 b 27

propositione universali

ad exempium quo

illa illu-

stretur

tam subito

transit,

ut,

quamquam

priori

orationis
in apodosi

membro universalem enuntiationem expressit, tamen

Topica.
(vs.

467

30)

relicta

oratione universaii
est.

exempium exponat.
quod sanitatem
,

Aref-

guraentatio

qua utitur haec

Si vita beata multo magis

sanitate praestantior est

ficit,

quam

sanitas eo

quum quanto

vita beata praestantior sit sanitate

sit

tanto

etiam quod vitam beatam efficiat praestantius

nitatem. consequitur
si

ektov dvdkoyov\s. 27 (^: B=C:

C
id

eo quod sa1?,

sit vita

beata,
li.

quod eam

facit,

sanitas,

quod
pro

eam
vita

facit)

e.

si

in priori

emmtiatione

(in hypothesi)

beata et sanitate (^A et

liabeant

B)

ea substituamus quae ean-

dem rationem
efficiat

(C

et Z?)

id

quod vitam beatam

(C) muito magis esse praestantius eo quod sanitatem faciat (D) quam sanitatem ipsam (B) eo quod sanitatem faQuum igitur terminus C longius superet terminum ciat (Z^).

quam terminus

terminum

praestantiorem esse ter-

mino

consequitur.
2.

Deinde de praestantia rermn iudicandum est ex 16 e numero bonorum, 26 e temporis opportu35 Deinde praestat quod omni tempore utile est, h'i nitate. id cuius amissio fertur aegrius., 10 id quod bono propius est 28 quod magis manifestum est quod difficilius.^ vel simitius quod incommodo liberius. 33 Quod simpliciter sumtum alteri
Cap.
consequentibtis
.,

praestat,

id.,

vice versa,

etiam si quam optijnum sit utrumque, praestat et llSal quod cum amicis participare licet. 6 Quod
ei

abundat praestat

quod necessarium
id cuius defectus
infelici.

est,

16 quod ab alio sup.,

peditari non potest ^ quod alia re non adiecta praefertur

habere simulamus.

quod minus reprehenditur in

homine misero, magis

117
a5

vertunt ,,sibimet ipsis"

Dedimus avroig quod Boeth. et vet. intp. habuerunt qui quare quod optimi codices praebent Bkkus scripsit dXktjkoLg., quod aTUTolg mutavimus in avrolg. Item neque codicum neque intpp. auctoritate defenditur.
:

vs. IT

25 Boethii et vet. intp. lectionem exliibuimus optimis codicibus consentaneam.

et
}itj

cum

117 a 21 xal

dyad^a ^sr'
vulgaris

dya&av dya^av
correctionis

TiXsiovav oddsv

xcoAut SLVUL aLQsrarsQa.

117b6 quum

Lectio

ov yaQ

et praecesserit cov et sequatur:

speciem habet, quare recepimus quod

vs.

Boethius, vet. intp. et optt. codd. praebent. Etiam

17 et25

dedimus quod praebent Boethii versio

et vet. intp.

30*

468

Topica.
sint et

118 a 6 ta en nsQvovGlag quae

sertis

exemplo adiecto
toig

et di-

verbis vs. 12 patefecit.

Simillter

TteQittolg

(de

hoheren geisti^en Bestrebungen der Kunst u. Wissenschaft") opponuntur l."137 a42 ta iq^^Cl^cc 983 b 2 t di] XsTtQog tbv ^iov et ta telvovta TtQbg dQSt-^v. yovoi ti ot nott]tal xal Ttscpvxs cp^ovsiv tb %slov STti tovtov (S7ti tijg ^dli6ta %al xa^' avtb STtiGti^^^tjg) Cv^i^aivsiv fidh6ta sinbg xal 8v6tvxslg sivai Tcdvtag tovg nsQittovg. Cf. 480 b 27 tG>v T yaQ latQcov o6oi xo/itt^ot ^ nsQisQyot^ XsyovGi ti nsQL (p-vGsag xal tag dQ%ag sxsld^sv dt,t,ov6t, Xa^ipdvSLV. De coel. 290 b 14 tb (pdvaL yivs^d^aL (pSQO^svav aQ(loviav... xofiijjag fisv SLQrjtat xat nsQLttag vitb tcov slnovOpponitur ta dvayxaica tcov, od ^7]v ovTOg s^SL tdkrj9sg. tb nsQLttbv 5:^1 a9: ta ds xaXov^sva tiq^va tovtcav ndvtcov s^SL ty]v cpv6LV nsQLttotdtijv. xsxQvntat yccQ aitSiv {lovcov tb 6G)iia sv ta 66tQdxcp ndv. Neque ab hac vocis significatione alienum est quod habetur 622 b 6 s6tL 8s xai 6 vavtikog noXvnovg tfj ts (pv6sL xal olg noLsl nsQtttog. 532 b 18 s6tL d' svia ^aa nsQitta xa\ sv r^ ^aKdttr^., a dLcc tb 6ndqtiibus V. Biese II, 556, die
,

vta sivat o^ux s6tL &SLvaL sig ysvog.

S. .Deinde praeferendum est quod praeditum est maquae eidem speciei propria est virtute, 29 quod bonum reddit id cum quo coniunctum est. 34 Deinde es alio casu vel ex effectu de praestantia iudicandum est., b l e diversa., quam ad aliud utrumque habet , ratione. 4 Deinde praestat id cuius escessus praefertur et quod nobis ipsis quam alii debere malumus. 10 Deinde ex adiectione et detractio?ie iudicandum est. 20 Praestat quod per se eligitur ei quod ostentatio?iis causa. 21 Deinde videfidum est num pluribus modis conducat quod eligendum dicatur et propter quid eligatur. 31 Denique id quod appetitur praestat ei quod aeque appetitur ac fugitur.

Cap.

xima.,

.,

118 a 35 xal tavta 8s dn^

stare dixerit,
si

aiiam rem alii praepositum alteri praestet, vel si usus usui vel effectus effectui , etiam vice versa, ait, si alia res alii praestet, casum casui et effectum effectui
sxsivcav.

Quum

idera

verbum

alio casu

et

usum

usui praestare consequitur.

118 b 2 ^ sl..., h. e. ^ si &dtSQ0v ^slt^ov s6tLV dyad^bv tovtov 8 ^si^ov s6tL &atSQOv, quod re idera est atque id quod

modo

dixit vs, 1,

quamquam

verbis differt.

Topica.
118 b 4 tb [idXXov aiQBxcorsQOv
^

460
zo
fislt,ovL

h. e.

dyad^a vnsQ-

sxov rovrov ov d^Kpa) sGrlv alosrcorsQa. Unde apparet vocis ^alXov quae comparativo adiecta est hic aiiam esse ra-

tionem quam in iis exemplis quae dedimus ad 116b24. 118 b 8 Boethio et codd. invitis qiii liabent arsQog Bkki lectionem retiniiimus, quum exeraplo adiecto probabile fiat de fortuna Aristotelem cogitavisse: namque amicitiam aliorum non nobismet ipsis, sed fortunae debere nohunus, opes fortunae

Il8bl2 rb

debere non ignominiosum existimamus. Non jcotvdv, intell. rovro a TiQoGxi^srai diicpca. locum habet, ait, quod diximus (e duobus id esse praestantius, quod, si utruraqiie cum aiia re coniungatur, hanc praestantiorem reddat, quara si alterum cum ea coniunctum esset),
si

id,

quocum ntrumque coniungitur,

fiat,

altero
potest.

ut ipsum melius

aitero vero

non

ita

uti potest,

Vs. 14 pun-

ctum posuimus ante olov, ne quis exempluui quod adiicitur ad exceptionem pertinere putet nam non quae proxime anVs. 15 tecedunt, sed quae dixit vs. 10 exemplo illustrantur. ut legatur cjvvdvat^oiisvog quod Bkkus dedit sensus postulat, nisi forte pro eo quod codd. praebent Cvvdvat^onsvov scribendum est Gvvdvat^oyiivcov.^ coli. iis quae diximus ad 19 b 37.
:

Quae leguntur
quaniquam
6'

vs.

21

sq.

ea Bulilius

,,aperte corrupta"
faciliiraa.

dixit,

et sana sunt et ad
(intell.
,

intelhgendum
ct

118 b 30 rav

avrav

rav nQog

%Qrj6i,^d sGriv) dfi-

tporsQoig vnaQfpvrcxiv
rcov iQ^^incav.

h. e.

d^cporsQcov ds nQog ravru 6vet optt. codd. lectio-

118 b 35 Quamquara Boethius,

vet.

intp.

nem

aQsrciv praebent, taraen Bkkura secuti dediraus alQSrav.,

quod sensus requirit. Absurdum enim esset, si diceretur: ,,Magis fugiendum est quod virtutera raagis impedit, sieut

morbus et voluptatem et virtutem magis impedit quam Deinde etiara ex iis quae praecesserunt apparet iegendum esse aiQSrciV'. nam quura dixerit ro rov ^sXdeforraitas".

rlovog svsasv aiQsrcbrsQOV., vice versa dicendura est rb (idk-

Xov rov ^slriovog s(.ino8L6rtxdv cpsvKrorsQov exeraplo est, quo utraque sententia illustratur.
Cap.
4.

virtus

autem

mus, per eosdem

demonstratur.

Si comparatio tollitur t?i iis quae adhuc esposuilocos aliquid eligendum vel fugiendum esse

#jw

Topica.
toiavxr^v...

119a6 o6a
115 b 3.

quaeciinque gradum admittunt, qui et

augeri possit et minui.

Idem quod hoc loco iam habuimus Quae sequuntur jr' iviav yccQ... aiiquid reti;

cuisse Aristotelem produnt

nam

his verbis

non exprimi cau-

sam eorum quae proxime antecesserunt

quare oratio
ovrcag

facile intelligitur

sic

supplenda videtur:
yccQ
.

oi5% inl tcccvtov 6' sxBt

STt^

Ivmv

.
.

h. e.
ita

quamquam non omnia quae

eligenda vel fugienda simt

dum

admittant qui augeri

possit et minui;
si

comparata esse debent, utgrasunt enim quae

inter se conferantur, ut,
si

eligenda esse statim apparet,

hoc colligere velimus, non opus sit eo argumento quod modo habuimus (vs. 4), quo a comparativo gradu ad positivum progredimur. Simile est quod habemus l^^b.^JQ, ubi ante act yccQ mente intelJigendum est xovxo de ij;vdos dsl yccQ
.

. .

'

Cap.

5.

Quidam

loci

ex

iis

quos habuimus etiam magis

universales faciendi sunt.

Ut

propositiones universales

ligantur,
tradit:
cf.
tI

quae subsequuntur facilius inteladscribamus eos locos, unde nati sunt ii quos hic
igitur

116bI0 ad
est,

vs.

16,

118 a29 ad
;

vs.

11
sit

tb

verba
cedit

a av

vT[dQ%]]

uncinis inchisimus
tali

nam

quid

U^ov tam ciarum

ut

interpretatione non indigeat. Acin

quod

et in codd.
^',

et

versione Boethii et vet. intp.

unde verba ^ av VTcdQxy in margine prius adscripta postea adiecta ista particula in contextum migra118 bl ad vs. 20. Ei loco qaem havisse probabile fit bemus vs. 21 nullus est similis eorum qui praecesserunt: nam
abest particula

si

eum

transferas ad t6 cciqexov.^

sic

se habebit:

el

xb filv

aiQSxoij

aiQSXCJXSQOv

tb

6s

[it]

alQStod

exsivo xovxov

s6xai aiQSxcoxsQov.

aiQStatSQOV , xal Deinde cf. 118 b 10 et 16

ad

vs.

23
6.

sq.,

118 b 21 ad

vs. 26,

Cap.

Eosdem

locos quos

lib. II.

et III. exposuit

in problemata particularia quadrare et qui

maxime

iis

etiam accom-

finita
tur.

modandi sint et quomodo, ostendit. 120 b 6 Propositio indenon nisi uno modo redarguitur duobus probatur 20
,
.,

definita particularis

duobus modis vel etiam pluribus refelli32 Alii quidam loci qui utiles sint iis qui de problemate

particulari disputent.

Topica.

471

ll9bIS
sXr]

ai xt

rav

ex Q^atSQov

yavovs ^dXlov tav ix &aTSQov

ov8' av ro alQrjfisvov

86x1 toLovto, sxsivav ds }i7]8sv s6tLV,

toLovtov.
vTidQiSL xlvl^
Ii.

119b38 ovx
imis a
.iB

e. xlvl
:

ovds tLvl pro xal tLvl ov

VTiotLd-s^isvog,
h.
e.

ov% vnaQxsL, siciit habuicf. quae diximus ad 24 a 19.

trjv

120 a 3

d^LCoGag
,

VTio&saLV

(\.

119 b 3.5) xal dia tavtrjg nsQaivav de quo quidem usu v. quae divimus ad 72al5. 120 a 6 Etiain in sequentibus de particuiari problemate solo agitur:

nam

indefinita propositio

idem

valet

quod particularis

(17b36).

120 a 21 ^sGiv Inl nkslov diOQLGd^slCav eara dicit, in qua notio eius quod orationi subiectum est etiam accuratius et arctius
circumscribitur
vs.

quam

in

iis

propositionibus

quas habuimus

22

et 24.

120 a 32 Loci qui sequuntur satis ostendunt quam veriim sit qiiod diximus ad 113 a 20 sub fin. Nam quae hic de propositionibus particularibus dicuntur, eadem iain continentur iis quae habuiinus de universalibus 109 b 13. Cum 120 bl cf. lllbS. Deinde notandum est, q\iod etiain id ipsum quod dicit vs. 32 eo contineri videtur quod habetur vs. 34, nisi verba sv olg vndQXSLV vs. 33 ita accipienda dicas, ut non sigiiificent alteruin inesse in aitero, sicut species
iii

geiiere insit, sed cbg

vnoxsi^sva d^atSQCo (cf. 1 a 24) quaraquam de iis quae sint in alio ag sv vTtoxSL^sva nihil dixit libro 11. 109 b 13 sqq., ad quem locum Aristoteiein respicere apparet adiectis verbis xa&dnsQ sv toig xa%6kov nQO^hjaaOLV. At verura discriinen in eo est, quod ta xa^' sxa6ta vs. 32 sunt res singuiae quae sub sensus cadunt, ta ato^a vero vs. 35 intelligenda sunt
sv
,

ta atoyia
tur dto^a.

st'(5st,

quae etiam 109 b 16 et 21

sirapiiciter

dicun-

120 a 35 dv ts yaQ...

Naraque,

ait,

qui propositionera parti-

cularein refellere velit, universalem quae ei repugnet indu-

ctione facta probare debet,

ita ut inultis prolatis

quae cum

ea consentanea sint propositionera universalem ipsain, quam efficere veiit, ab adversario sibi dari aut cur non conce-

denda sit, nQOtSQOV

vertunt:

exponi postulet.
et

Lectionem xaO^dnsQ
est".

sYQrjtai
,

codices praebent et Boetldus et vet. intp.

qul

,,sicut prius

dictum

Vs. 38 sxl

scp'

av...,
rj

h. e. stL sq)'

av

s6tL 8lsIsIv xb

6vii^s^ri}idg slg

xa dtofia

472
iidst
'^

Topica.
dQLd^fiR), STil
d)

rovTav

dtccLQSTEOv xat GxentBov

si

^fjdsv

tovrcov vndQXii

EiQTjtai, vtcccqisiv.

Gejieris loco tisurpatur quod revera non non praedicatur de omnibus quae in eadeni specie sunt cum eo de quo praedicatur 21 vel si non coniunctum est cum natura eorum quae ei subiecta dictmtur., 30 vel
est

Lib. IV. cap. 1.

si

genuSj

si accidefitis dejinitio

generi convenit ; 36 deinde

si

eadem

di-

non simul complectitur genus et speciem, 121 a 10 si definitio eius quod in genere inest (speciem intell.) de genere praedicatur, 20 si de quo species praedicatur., de eo non praedicatur genus 27 si quod genere continetur nulli speciei subiectum est b l si quod generi subiectum est gejiere ipso latius patet aut ambitum aequalem kabet , 5 si quae in eadem specie non in genere ijisunt.
visio
, ,

120bl3 6t0L%sla, de quibus v. quae diximus ad 14 a 39 et ad 84b2l coU. Top. I. c. 6 init., schoi. nostra ad 121 b II. 120 b 14 avtcov ds tovrcav, h. e. tav tiqos tb ysvos aal tb YdLOV^ quod non adiicerem, nisi Alexandrum etiam de definitione
haec dicta putavisse viderem.

120bl6 ta Xsx&svti, h. e. ov djtodsdotaL tb ysvog. xa&dnsQ ml tov 6vu^s^}]it6tog. Nam quod accidens
non
siniul

Vs. 17
est, id

de omnibus quae eidem generi subiecta sunt, prae-

dicari debet.

120 b 26 Aliud argumentum aflFert cur tb 'Kivov^svov non sit genus animae alterum enim, ait, in aiia categoria inest quam alterum quod quidem argumentum copiosius exponitur vs. 36. b9 coli. 121 b 12 et 122 b 9. 121 a 13 cf. 3a.38 121 a 29 Quod nulla specie continetur, id neque genere continetur, exceptis iis quae species sunt proximae generis: nam priraae species, in quas genus dividitur, solae ex omnibus alii speciei non subiectae in genere insiint. 121 a 36 Quae uncinis inclusimus explicationis gratia in raargine adiecta postea in contextum ipsum videntur transposita Bkkus particula o^ds deleta dedit tb r^g pro tav r^g esse. ex coniectura , quod audacius factum est. Accedit quod lectio Bkki hac difficultate laborat, quod, quum motus non
: ;

iina sit species,

sed plures,

\it

sensus exiret

quem

ilie voiuit,

dicendum erat tav vn' sidog n t^fjg XLV^Gscag dvtcav vel tav vnb ta sXdij ta r^g xtvij^scag ^vrav. Quare haec omnia,

Topica.
quae et Alexandrum
(v. schol.

473
et Boethiura sic le-

278 b 43)

gisse constat ut nos uncinis circumscripta exhibuimus, aiiena

manu adiecta videntur, praesertim quum etiam Alexander haec x naQaXkriXov dicta esse putaverit cum iis quae proxime antecesserint. Boethius neque individuorum neque eorum quicquam quae sub specie motus simt", vet. intp. Goth. neque individuorum aliquid quae sub specie motus sunt".
:

121 b 2 olov^

inteil. t

tb ov

sq)r]0E

ysvog xov do^aCtov.

dXkrjla sicut vs. 35, 107 a 19,
:

121 b 9 Coniicio legendum esse

:

vjr'

29 al. recte enim Pacius vertit ,,si primum et principium alterum sub altero positum sit" , quamquam retinuit lectionem vulgarem.
est num etiam aliud sit eius122 a 3 Investigandum in quo genere genus ipsum insit 31 num cum quorum natura coniuncta sit notio speciei, cum eorundem natura etiam gefieris notio sit coniuncta., b7 num generis definitio praedicetur de specie et de iis quae speciei subiecta sint^ 12 7ium differentia pro genere sumta sit., 18 vel pro specie ; 25 num qtiod genus perhibeatur speciei, 37 vel quod differentia sit speciei^ vel quod genus sk differentiae subiectum esse dicatur vel genus differentiae loco po-

Cap.
rei

2.

Deinde videndum

dem

genus.
.,

situtn sit ; 123 a 11 num nulla generis differentia de specie praedicetur vel species natura prior sit genere., vel genus aut differentia non necessario cum specie coniuncta sit.

121 b 34 Etiam si concedatur duo interdum esse eiusdem rei genera, tamen aut alterum alteri subiectum sit aut utruraque eodem genere contineatur necesse est. Quare quamquam

interdum quidem concedere debeamus adversario duo esse genera rei de qua agatur (quippe quod niliii absurdi habeat), tamen videndum erit num neque alterum in aitero neque utrumque in eodem genere insit quorum neutrum si locum habere probaverimus , simul genus rei quod posuit adversarius, non recte constitutum esse deraonstratura erit. 121 b 36 tciv dvayxaLcov. Sic dicit 1371 a 35 to sv noisiv zal rb sv ndOiSLv tav rjdscov. 1294 a 1 doKsl 8' slvai tav ddvvdtav t6 (irj edvofisiO&ai, t^v dQtGtoxQatovnsvrjv TCohv. 242 b 32 tovtav d' sxdtSQOv tav ddvvdtcov. 1287 b 22 tcsqI cav yccQ ^ovksvovtai vo^oQ^stij6aL tav ddvvdtav s6tiv. Plenius dicit 1291 b 9 ^^ yaQ %v r&v ddvvdttov nohv d^LOV
:

'fj

4Tf4

Topica.

sivaL xaXsiv rrjv (pvdH 8ovki]v. Item 1332 b 32, 1340 b 24, 406 a 2, de coel. 271 b 4 av xi xCbv dSvvdxcav bGtLv. Eundem genitivi

usmn habemus 1372

b 31 ot xoiovroi yccQ ovxs nQoaiQOvvxai^

(po^ov^Bvot xovs XQixdg.,

ovrs dijvavrai tcsl&slv

av

ol

(it,-

aov^svot xal q)9-ovovfiBvot elotv. 929 a 28 VTtb roi) ^sq^ov rov Iv rolq dlcptxots e^ax^t^srat xov vdaxog. 955 b 27 ai 8b
dlkat STitGxrj^at xat XByvat xav
ds
ri

vq)'

ij^av Tcotrjxav iOtV,

vovs rav
xvyilcp...

cpvast.

223 b 13

stcbI 8'

saxl cpoQa aal ravrrjg

1290 b 14 dltyot dvrsg Ttokkav. Eadem geuiquam per ellipsin explicandam esse quum ex iis patet quae modo adscripsimus tum maxime ex iis quae legimus 389 b 24 STtst ds TtSQt rovrav 8tG}Qt6rat, 7ia%^ sxacrov XeyojfiBv ri Occq^ rj dGrovv ?} rav
tivi ratio

est 114 b 18 et 176 b 4,

(intell. oriow). 1386 a 2 %at olcog o^Gsxat d^iovg stvat aaitov) oxav sxrj ovxcog &6x' dva^vri6%rivat xotavxa Gvfi^e^rjxora rj avra r} xav avTov, ?J skTtiOat yevedd^at t) avra) ^ xav avrov (intell. xtvi., quod in simili constructione adiectum estl385bl8. 1297 b 31 drj^oxQaria xs yccQ od (lia rov dQt&(.i6v (JTt, ;tal xav dkkcav (intell. Ttohxstav sxdoxrj) 6(ioiag. Cf. 669 a 10 , nbi ad genitivum xav 7iBi,av repetendum est svta ex eo quod praecessit noXXd xav ^qmv: sequitur enim vs. 12 xav bv xc) vyQa ^vta). Substantivum quod praecessit repetendum cst ad genitivum explicandum 491 a2: Bxst 8s Qaq)dg xav (lev yvvatxav (intell. xo xQdvtov) (liav xvxXa, xav 8' dv8Qav XQStg Similiter expllcandum est quod legitur stg ev 6vva7txov6ag. 134 b 24. Alia ratio genitivi est 383 a 6 66a (isv oiuv s6xlv vSaxog, o^d mqyvvxat vno nvQog. 384 al oi5 (lovov 8t6xt yki6%Q0v, dkXa xat 8t6xt deQog edriv. Ib. 8 a6rB 66otg ksinsrai ti, rot;TO y^g. 385 b 6 (lakaxxd d' s6xi xav nsnrjy^rav 66a (lij s^ v8axog, otov XQv6xakXog {nag yaQ xQv6xaXdkV 66a yrjg (idXXov. 435 a 25 xal 8td xovxo Aog v8arog) xotg 66xoig xat Tais d^Qt^t xal roig rotovxoig ixoQiotg ovx ai6xt yrjg B6xiv. Quibus quidem exemplis haud ^Q^av^nsd^a

dkXcov
drj

rav

oiiotOfiSQav

{Ttdvrag

dissimile

esse

videtur quod

n6Qav sl6\v (ot 686vxeg), ev otg (itxQov 122alaetl8 dv nSQ xaxrjyoQrjxat addidit,
(ra dxofia
speciei
,

habetur 963 b 29 8t6xt Xsnxav xo %eQ^6v.

quia ultimae species
:

StSst)

non praedicantur de prioribus

,

quare

si

cuius genus quaeritur

aliae species subiectae sunt,

non omnes species quae ex eadem divisione natae simt

(ex

Topica.
rijg aTutijg Gvdroixiccg)

475
sed non

de

illa

praedicari poterunt,

nisi

eae quibus ipsa subiecta

di'

est.

122 a 19

dialectica

aTCayay^g Irjnriov. Nam inductione facta in arte probanda sunt omnia, quonim vera demonstratio

certis scientiae principiis nixa, qiuim subtillorem

quandam

et

reconditiorem doctrinam requirat,

esse debet.

dissereudi

arte aiiena

122 a 20 ovx aTtoxQi]... Nam etiam si summum genus de specie, de ciiius genere proximo dubitatur , praedicatur, non consequitur genus proximum recte constitutum esse, qunm omnia, in quae prima summum genus dividatur, de iis praeSit summum gedicentur, de qiubus summum genus ipsum. lam nus ^, quod dividatur in genera proxima B. B\ B"
. .

si

praedicatur de specie C, incertum raanet utrura

an

B^ an B"
122 b 28
cf.

praedicetur de C.

quae divimus ad 4b20.

Vs,
i]

.33

omisimus cum

editionibus plerisque et Boethio verba

facile intelligantur.
vs. sq.

fpoQU. quippe quae

\et. intp. transposita habet, adiecit enim

post Xiyarai.
b'

123 a 8 ovra

dnodo^hvrog,

inteli.

sXjtofiEV Iv roig TtQors-

Qov inde a

vs. 37.

Ge?ms non recte constitutum est., si quod generi Cap. 3. subiectum est vel contrarium participat vel quodcunque cum genere ipso coniunctum esse non potest.^ 27 si species et genus non eodem sensu dicuntur, 30 si generis una sola est species^ 33 si genus 7ion sensu proprio accipitur. b l Pluribus modis idem probari potest, si quid speciei contrarium est. 124 al GeTius recte constitutum esse. si quid speciei contrariinn est, 10 Ex iis quae ab eodem verbo deritribns modis probatur.
vantur argumenta petuntur
et

ad probandum

et

ad redar-

guendum

utilia.

123 a 27 Videndum est nura genus voce ambigua exprimatur, ut, quum praedicetur de specie, non eo semper sensu accipi debeat, quo quod in speciei natura positum sit declaretur: nam genus non solum de nomine speciei, sed de specie ipsa praedicari et cum eius natura coniunctum esse debet (v. quae diximus ad lal et 6). Vs. 28 rorg slQij^ivoLg

V. lib.

I.

c.

15.
fitv...

123 b 20 rav

Lucem

affert

huic

loco

quod habuimus

476
12 a 22 , unde patet
rag

Topica.
v7Coxsl(isvov

dva

[ie6ov hic dici id,

qaod

dam
slvccL

esse videatur

sit, ut res quaequae per se sola constet dia tb svxoqov evl 6v6^atL avtb dzodovvai.

diiabiis rebiis contrariis ita

interiectum

123 b 24
agitur.

si

tb svavtiov.,

inteli.

ta

eXdsL

nam de

lioc

solo hic

123 b 32 recepiraus iectionem quam Boethius, vet.

prr.

intp. et

edd.

liabent;

altera

enim correctionis speciem habet quae

aQStr]

facta videtur,
iis

ut

verba

xttKia

xal dLyiaLOGvvrj ddLxia

quae praecesserunt. Vs. 35 na0a ante yaQ ex contextu eiecimus, quum et sensum turbet (nam quod de omnibus valet, idera de singulis non praedicari nuraqiiam poterit, ut, si oninis vaietudo morbo esset contraria, item etiam singuiae singulis contrariae esse deberent) et in versione Boetlui et vet. intp. desit et in edd. prr. Adiectum
similiora essent
iis

autem videtur ab

qui priorera

tlg v66os, quaraquam apparet in verbis TrAwg 7id6a aut pleonasmum quendam inesse

respondere vellent TtaOa vyisLa

e. g.
,

enuntiationis partera alteri

aut (quura
species

omnes

v66os aTcXag non significet coniunctas raorbi sed universalem generis morbi" notionera

quae per se spectetur) repugnantiara.

Alia argumentapetunhir ex simililudine. ^a. Quosit esponitur , si id quod speciei opponatur vel privatio sit vel (bl) quod repugnet vel (15) relatione expritnatur ; namque si species refertur ad aliud, item etiam genus. 23 Species, genus et reliqua genera in quibus insunt referri debent ad idem, 35 Eodem casu proferri debet id ad quod referuntur. 125 a 5 Etiam si convertuntur, casus idem manere debet. I4t Quot modis species refertur ad aliud., totidem etia?n genus et vice versa. 25 Gefius eius quod refertur ad aliud oppositum esse debet generi eius ad quod refer33 Denique si genus et species ad aliquid relata dicuntur. tur., eandem rationem habere debent ad ea quibus inhaerent.
Cp. 4.

modo de genere disputandum

124 a 35 Si speciei opponitur privatio, genus non recte constitutum esse priraum colligitur, si etiam privatio speciei in eodem genere inest, in quo species ipsa: nam species et privatio aut nullum genus commune habent aut certe genera proxima (quae liic appellat sGxccta, quippe quae quam proxime accedant ad tcc xa&' stcaGta)., quibus continentur, di-

Topica.
versa sxmt;
nitur
,

477
opponon eandem

deinde,

iibi

et generi et speciei privatio

si

speciei privatio ad generis privationem

rationem habet quam species ad genus. 1241)7 dvd7raXt.v v. Il3bl6. 124 b 10 reccpimus lectionem difficiliorem codicum et vet. intp. lat. auctoritatem secuti, quamquam Boethio invito. Quae quo-

modo
non
d'

explicanda

sit

dubium esse non potest

coll. iis

divimus ad 47 b 26.

Namque alterum yaQ

post

quae ddvvatov

causam

indicat.,

sed explicandi vim habet (namlich),

nisi quis

ante ddvvatov ydg mente inteliigendum putet tovto

.
.
.

coll. iis quae diximus ad ovx BvdexBtai. dSvvatov yccQ 119 a 6. 124 b 24 xata tb y^vog, quatenus genus de specie praedicatur et cum eius natura necessario coniunctum est. 125 a 6 dvtLGtQSCpBL. De conversione twv TCQog tl cf. 6 b 27. Notandum est quod td 6{iOi(og dvtt.6TQBq)BLV xaTa Tug nTco6BLg non significat cum eodem semper casii coniimctum esse debere id quod convertatur {btclGtiJ^uij) atque id cum quo convertatur (t6 Imerj^Tov), quod non semper verum esse dixit 6^33, sed speciem conversam cum eodem semper casu coniungi debere cum quo genus conversum coniungatur, quod patefecit exemplo BJCL6tijfir]g et VTtok^tpBog. 125 a 25 Quod 124bl de b^ei et 6tSQrJ6SL hahmmns, idem etiam dicendum est de iis quae sunt TtQog tv. 125 a 38 oiov Bv8B%BTaL B7tL6t^^rjv slvaL Iv sjCL6trjt&, sl Bm6trjTov rj ifvx^- Nam sic haec inteiligenda esse aperte docent quare reiicienda est lectio quam vertunt quae leguntur b 4 Boeth. et vet. intp., qui pro ij li^vx"^ vs. .39 habuerunt iv '^v%'fj, 125 a 40 01)-/, dvaynalov d' sv B7tL6Tr}Tcb sivaL ttjv BnL^Tij^rjv dvvaTov yaQ xal sv aXXco 7} bv S7iL6trjta (Ix. e. sv ovx hni6tr]tw^ in animo qui cognitionem sui habeat nullam) trjv smApparet inde non probandum esse quod 6tr]^r]v VTtdQxsLV. coniecit Aiexander schol. 281 b 22. 125 b 5 Qmim tres fecerit ordines tav TCQog tL, considerandum dicit, si de genere disputetur, num genus et species non eidem ordini adnumerandae sint, sed diversam habeant rationem ad ea quibus inhaereant {Idv rtg ^fj t6 toiovtov slg tb
:

liTi

Articuli t6 post slg adiecti eadem fere ratio quam habemus 189 b 23, quem locum adscripsimus ad 10 b 10 coil. iis quae diximus ad 3a21 sub fin.

toLovtov).

est

418

Topica.

125 blL ovdav yuQ 8ia<pEQBi^ intell. jrpog td dvaCaBvdt^Biv. Argumentatio eadem manet, sive genvis sive accidens dictum est alterum alterius.
Cap. 5. Deinde peccant in genere constituendo qui pro habitu actuni (20) vel facultatem sumunt (28) vel pro genere quod quomodocunque speciei sit consequens. 126 a 3 Genus et
17 Species genus parnon quodammodo. 26 Peccant qui pro genere speciei partem sumunt, 30 qtii quod malum {h 4^) vel quod per se bonum est in facultate ponunt , 7 qui uni ge?ieri subiiciufit quod in pluribus est , 13 qui differentiam generis loco et genus differefitiae loco collocafit, 34 qui id quod afjicitur affectiofiis genus faciunt.
species in
inesse vel Jieri debent.
.,

eodem

ticipare debet simpliciter

125b32

TTj

dgyri sTCstai, itQotBQov

7^

XvTtr].,

v.

lllall.

Quare
qui

irae natura

non exprimitur

(^djikag) doloris notione, sicut ge-

nere speciei natura

irascatur

definiri debet.

Nam quamquam eum

alFectum esse seqiiitur, ut dolor sit -irae causa, tamen dolor non est genus irae, quia genus, quamquam speciei semper est consequens, tamen ex ea eiici, sicdolore antea
ut

ex effectu causa unde

generis

fluxit

efFectus,

nam
in

eff^ectus.

et speciei alia utique est ratio

nunquam potest quam causae et

Vs. 35 dedimus ta{'tcc pro tavta.,

(cf.

codd. confusa simt

quae saepius quae diximus ad 16 a 6 sub fin.)

ta^vta sensui magis convenire videtur, quum exemplum de quo dicturus est iam commemoraverit vs. 29, ut nihil novi adiiciat (quod si fieret, alteram lectionem praeferendam putarem), sed id exponat q\iod ab initio indicavit, cuius eadem ratio est atque eius exempli quod modo expositum est. 125 b 37 od yccQ Bvdax^tac tti dta^BVBiv tI t6 adto dv tcbq toij b18ovs ^Bta^dky Blg ttjv dvtiq^aQiv , olov %i6tig Big dm(jTtav, &6t' ov% '^ adtTj vjioXrjipig otB fiBv ni^tcg B(5taL otB 8s Desideramus in his quod alias admirari solemus Aristo(11]. Namque saepissirae fit, ut idem genus telis ingenii acumen.
,

nam

contrarias species complectatur

(cf.

I23b3

sq.)

videntur igi-

tur et
yccQ

Tiiotig et d3Ci6tia species

vTCol^^ipBog

esse posse.

t6
ys-

(ifj

dQL&fia twdto ov dXXa yivBL bx tov Btdovg ^Bta^a.,

XbZ sig tb t' dvticpa6LV dvtLHBi^Bvov VBL

co6t'

rl

avtrj

ta

ov6a v7c6X7iil>ig 6t6 fiBV 7CL6tLg B6taL oth 8' djCL6titt. 125 b 40 Negligentius dixit tbv vjcola^^dvovta xal 7CL6tsvsLV^

Topica.
qinim
dura
ei qui
sit

479

evincere velit vTtokrjtpiv fidei genus esse, dicen-

rbv TtiGrevovta xat vjioXafi^dvBiv. 126 a 21 ^BTSx^rut. Sic 129al4 sq. TiQOCrdTrsrccL. 126 a 32 Veram lectionem quam Boethius, vet. intp. et optt. codices praebent restituimus. Verbum }ckE7iriV deleverunt, opinor, qiii definitionem xksTcrov liic proponi putarent, quippe in qua eadem voce uti non liceret. At primum quidem vers^ dvdyxrjg

loco ita accipi posset, ut non esset furari, clam aiiquid agere, nt verba rov dvvd^svov xksTCrsiv et ad sopliistam et ad caiumniatorera et ad furera pertinerent, aut, etiara si de fure soio dicta essent, certe non off^enderet, quod de caluraniatore et sophista nihil adiectum esset, qimra uno exemplo res satis illustraretur. Deinde vero liic non id agit Aristoteles, ut furis definitionem det, sed ut exemplo proposito doceat quomodo fiat, ut faquare quod dicit cultas interdum pro raali genere habeatur est lioc: olov xlsTtrrjv ri&rjdi ov rbv TcXsTtrovra dlka rbv Unde apparet definitionera furis hic dvvd^svov xlsnrsLV. non proponi, ut nulla causa sit, ob quam verbum oilmrsiv non ferendura sit. Nostrara lectionera etiam Alexander liabuit (schol. 282 aH). 126 b 20 Dedimus ysvrj quod et codd. et Boethius et vet. intp.

bum xUnTSiV hoc

sed dolo
. .

uti vel

habent.

126 b 24 naQSGrai
nlrj^ig.

rjl

&av^ia<}i6rr]tL

tj

vTtsg^oX^, co6ts

y.al i^ sx-

Quod

versione desit,

29 addunt codd. ^BCc, quum in Boethii Bklcura secuti omisimus.

vs.

121 a 3 Boethius et sio. illius genus

vet. intp.
dicit",

.,rursus si passionem cuius est pas: quaiu lectionem probarem, nisi et co-

dicum auctoritas et exempla quae sequuntur adversarentur. Locus quera liic haberaus verbis diff"ert ab eo qui proxime
antecessit, re idera est.

127 a 6

ft)(5T'

ov%, (og rb ysvog rov

yoQslrai 6 d^Q tov nvsv^atog.

sWovg sv ra ri s6tL icatr]De hac demonstratione idem

,

est quod observavimus ad 125 b 37 : quod Aristotenon perspexit, tamen videtur sensisse, quum adiecerit ea quae legimus vs. 9. 127 a 10 t6 roiOVTov , h. e. rb rov 7cd%ovg slvai ysvog tb ns-

dicendum
les, licet

Ttov^og.

Vs. 11 verba
o^ytL

jtaO''

civ...ysvog explicationis gratia

xata.

addita sunt:

rovrav xa&^

cjv

xara ndvrav rjyovv odx djtobsxrsov (i^ di.rj^svsraL rb dnodo&sv ysvog.

480
Cap.
6.

Topica.

Videndum

est

num

ei

quod genus perhibeatur

num quod omnium sit consequens pro genere vel differentia sumtum sit, b 1 num genus in specie inhaereat^ 5 num ei non synonymum sit., 8 mwi species
species subiectae sint nullae^ 26

melior non in meliore genere

iure genus dicatur non
sit

ifisit^

18
31

nufii, si

genus gradum

admittat., item etiam species^ 26

num quod

inaiore vel
vs.

eodem

genus.

Quod

18 habuimus

non nisi ad redarguendum utile est., id vero quod vs. 26 etiam ad cofistituefidum. 128 a 13 Gefius constituefidum est id quod plures species complectitur cum quarum natura cofiiufictum est. 20 Quomodo genus a differentia distinguendum sit. 30 Colligefidum est e fiomine et ex iis quae ab eo derivafitur quid pro genere sumefidum sit. 38 Deniqfie videndum num alterum
alterius sit cofisequens, ita ut nofi convertafitur.

127 a 28 Si

qiiis

tb ov pro genere suinsit, omnia

hiiic

generi

subiecta sint necesse est:

nam

rb ov praedicatur de omnibus.

Quare
sicut

qiium xb ov latissime pateat et omnia complectatur, genus species et individua, etiam zb tV species esse de-

Quod si conceditur, de iisdem et genus et speciem praedicari consequitur (de omnibus enim et tb ov et tb 'v), ut alterum altero non latius pateat, quod absurbebit toi} ovtog.

dum
fiBV
.,

est.

127 b 18 Alterum orationis

membrumj quod
Cf.

promittit particula

priore repetito sequitur vs. 37.

quae coUegimus ad

61al9.
128 a 31 Lectionem quam Bkkus exhibuit, quum codicum auctoritate destituta sit, reiecimus, quamvis speciosa sit coniectura nostram Boethius et Alex. (schol. 283 b 8) videntur habuisse. Eandem edd. prr. et piurimi codd. praebent. Yox Tt vs. 31 adiecta videtur in codd. BC propter ea quae sequuntur imNe quis verba male coniungat, minus accurate <3tTqiiri Tig. haec ab Aristotele expressa esse monemus nam quae particula yial minus arcte coniunxit revera ita connexa simt, ut alterum alterius rationem reddat: nam collatis iis quae proxime sequuntur apparet dicendum fuisse Ind de doicsl, sl tb
:

flOV(3lK6v,

7]

[lOVGlHOV
. .

STtlGf^llOV {JTt

Jfat '^ H0V6t,H7J

BTCt,-

Gtij^i] Ttg stvai,

128 a 35 olov

si

^ovXsl xata6xBvd0ai xrjv STiidv^^rjv onsQ

Til-

6tiv slvai 6xo7tBiv 8bl...

Topica.
Lib. V. cap.
1.

481
est

Quod proprmm

aut per se et semper

aut ad aliquid relatum et aliquando proprium dicitur. 22

refertur

Quod

ad aliud diiobus vel quaituor modis impugnari potest. 34 De discrimine eius quod per se et quod relatum ad aliud^ eius quod semper et quod aliquando proprium dicitur. 129 a 6 Quod refertur ad aliud., id aut sernper aut plerumque proprium est. 11 Disputantibus maxime est quaestio de eo quod per se proprium est et quod semper et quod refertur ad aliud.
128 b 27 Nostram lectionem Boethiusj vet. intp. et edd. prr. habent omnes, ut quod Bkkus dedit mvol rb mendura esse videatur, coll. l.S4a7, 13, 16. Quod dedimus \s. Si xsl^svov.,

id sensus postulare videbatur

rj

%i(5Lg^

xb djtodo&iv idiov.
:

nam t6 xsifiEvov est xb teQ^sv, Boethius vertit: quod proposi:

tum est", vet. intp. quod positum est". 129 a 22 Ad verba Ttgbg 7to?.Xa mente intelligendum esset rovs Xoyovg TCOiovvTa s. tgjv koycov yt,vo^8V(ov (hoc enim velaliud
quid huiusraodi
elici

posset e\
si

iis

quae antecesserunt oi

/Ld-

yoL yivovTaL Ttgbg Tavta),

Aristotelera ipsura hoc in

mente

Nara Ttgbg TCoXka est ,.raultarum Beziehung, aus vielen Gesichtspunkten" coU. iis quae diximus ad 50all. Docet autem hic cur in sequentibus agatur de eo quod per se et semper proprium sit praetermisso eo quod aliquando proprium sit et quod relatum ad aiiud, quippe quorura aiterum (vs. 28) non sit arguraentura artis dialecticae propriura (Ao-

habuisse verisirailc esset.

rerum ratione habita,

,

in

vieler

ytxdv), alterura vero (vs. 32)

quae neque Boethius habuit qui vertit: quod vero aliquando ad aliud quod nunc dicitur terapus consideraraus", neque vet. intp. cod. Goth. qui habet quod vero quando ad id quod nunc dicitur tempus tempus (s 1 c) consideramus", neque intp. anonymus videtur legisse, cuius verba dedit Brandis schol. 283b46.
Vs. 28 delevimus verba odx Iv alXoLg
))
:

nuraerandum

sit in

accidentibus.

Cap. 2. Proprietas rei., ?iisi et quid sit et (13) quo iure de ea praedicetur re ipsa sit manifestius., male constituta est. 22 lisdem argumentis utendum est, ut proprietatem recte constitutam esse doceatur. 30 Deinde videndum est num quid ambigui habeat quod rei proprietatem exprimat., 130 a 15 num ambiguum sit id cuius proprietas constituatur 29 num idem
.,

plus semel dictum

11.

sit.,

bll num

in proprietate

aliquid insit 31

482

Topica.
sit

quod commune

omnibus, 23

num plura quae

rei

propria

sint comprehetidantur.
. . .

cf. 132 a 22 24. 129 bl TiQatov fiBv 129 b 3 Magentenus (v.scbol. nostra I. p.72) habuit lectionem codicis

yvcsQLficoTeQov.

Interpretationem autem quara

iile

proponit

falsam esse facile intelligitur:

nam

sententia haec est: <5tlv

yvc3Qi^G)rsQG>v ,
qiiod

?v ^BV Tov

(xlv

firj

xakag

sl firj

dicc

tov Ss

xaAag,
(iBV
.

8ca yvcoQtficoTBQcav.

Ei vero

incepit per sv
.

129bl5Veram

vs. l.J t6 8' . lectionem solus liabet coA.q: lianc enim etBoethius et vet. intp. praebet, qui vertunt sed liuic inesse no. .

respondet quod sequitur

tius esse", et sensus requirit.

hoc.

Non soium quae

sit rei

quod Aristoteies dicit est proprietas quae constituta est,

Nam

sed etiam de re ipsa eam praedicari s. cum re ipsa eam coniunctam esse clarius nobis esse debet et certius quara quid

Quera sensum tolerabiequidem non inteiligo. Quod editiones priores exhibent idem exprimit quod nostra lectio, sed aliis namque liabent dkka nal tm(5' v7cdQ%Biv yvcoQc^aTBverbis De collocatione verborum 6 firj yccQ cf. 161 b 16 Qov elvat. et quae liabuimus ad 4b22. 129bl7 ojioTBQOv TOVTcav Gv^^dvTos, h- e. tov bI ^t] yvcaQiflCOTBQOV BGTL TOV TtQdy^aTOS Toij bI ^rj yVCOQilJiCOTBQOV b6tvv
sit

res cuius proprietas constituitur.

Bltki lectio

iem habeat
:

'tj

exemplum dedit vs. 9, alteexemplum sequitur vs. 18. Explicat cur in antecedentibus adiecerit 129 b 24 Twv yccQ Cf. quae dixit Aiexander in sclioi. 287^1 coll. xaTa TOVTO.
OTi wdTtp vTtdQXBC.

Aiterius rei

rius

ib. vs. .34,

ubi pro verbis od yccQ

vs.

..'tdiov

legenda sunt verba

quae habemus

24
si

^'dTat

yaQ xakas

tdiov

nam de
,

his

Alexandrum

loqui apparet.
,

130 a 7 OTav Bnl ...

qui redarguat

rei proprietas exprimatur, eo sensu

vocem ambiguam eam accipiat, qui a

qua
re de

1.30 a

qua agatur alienus sit. 21 Bkkus cum edd. prr. dedit jcaTcc TOt), nos cum Boethio et vet. intp. xaTcc toi^to, quae quidem iectio, quum conveniat
loquendi usui qui et in antecedentibus et in sequentibus locis exponendis observatus est, a nobis praelata est. Altera lectio,

quamquam
quod
in

ferri potest,

pterea,

improbanda videtur maxirae prorebus similibus eandem dicendi formulam ab

Aristotele diiigenter servari videraus.

Topica.

488

130 a 38 dBVtSQOV 6'... Deinde si quis non aperte qiiidera bis posuerit eandem vocem, sed proprietatem rei ita constituerit, ut definita una vel altera notione qua usus sit idem vocabuium non iterari non possit. 130 b 9 dediraus nktovdKig ex optt. codd., quod Boethius et vet.
intp. et hic et a'i9

vertunt frequenter".

130b 20 Quod Aiexander (scliol. 2S4b l)reprehenditfacileexcusatur co, quod Aristoteles addidit y.ara rovto, h. e. xara rd XCOQi^Siv d%6 rivcav (cf. enira 132 a 15, ubi redarguitur quod hic probatur), ut appareat non animam animaiis propriam dici simpliciter, sed non nisi v.a%b rb i}v%rjv l%uv o^ %a6i not,vov (Jrtv, a67CSQ rb %v kai rb dv.
Cap.
dicatur
3.

Deinde videndum
ipsa

est

num
sit

eo quod rei proprtum

constituitur.^

res

contineatur

cuius

proprielas
id

quod rei oppositum vel quodcimque re ipsa sit obscurius aiit certe non clarius^ 21 deinde num id quod aliquando cum re non coniunctum sit, b 5 nu7n non indicaverit adversarius se non quod semper sed qiiod nunc proprium sit cojistituisse, 19 num quod pro proprio siimtum sit non nisi sensu cognoscatur ^ 31 num quod proprii 132 a 10 vel in eius natura non loco pojiatur definitio rei sit
131 a 12 vel
,
.,

num pro proprio sumtum

necessario positum.
131

a2
:

Ti

rav avrov non

dicit id
aiii

Iv VTtOiiUHBva., sed quod

neri

quod in alia re inhaeret, t6 subiectum est sicut species ge-

nam vs. 5 rivl rCbv rovrov est t,(pa rivL , dvd^QCinG). Deinde de ea ratione qnae inter speciera et genus intercedat serraonera esse maxime ex exemplo apparet quod vs. 8 apponitur: nara et corpus et anima eo sensu rl rav ^(pov Quare verba rb ds ri dici posset, ut animalis essent partes. rav a^urov v6rsQ0V sic interpretari iicebit: quodcunque vero rei, cuius proprietas constituitur, ita subiectum est, ut eanquo dera rationera habeat ad iilara quara species ad genus continetur, posterius est, li. e. v6rsQ0v ra Xoyca s. xa^' avro.
,

rb yaQ ysvog
s-/islvov yccQ

roij

stdovg q)v6si jcQorsQOv xal yvcoQi^arsQOV.

dvaLQS&ivtos rovro GvvavaiQslrai, ^arsQOV d' dvatQsd^svrog %drsQov odasrL. Cf. quae dixiraus de voce arpdrsQov ad 14a26 et ad llbl6.
131 a 28 Duos locos qui distingui debebant hic confudisse videtur Aristoteles : nara non idem est num pro proprio suratum
31 *

484
sit

Topica.
To (i^ dsl TiccQsnofisvov (id quod aliquando oranino non

praedicetur de eo cuius proprietas constituatur) an tb yivofisvov TCots firj 1l8i,ov (id quod aliquando non sit proprium

proprium esse dicatur, quamquam semper de eo In iis aiitem quae sequuntur \s. 29 (oijts yccQ .) non nisi de eo quod /xi) dsl naQsnstai cogitavisse videtur Aristoteles: quare etiam vs. 34 non dixit sXnsQ toiovtov s6tLv oiov nots fitj lidLOV yivsG^ai., sed sXnsQ toiovtov
eius
cuiiis

praedicari possit).
.

sGtvv olov dnoXsinsLV,

li.

e.

oiov nots ^rj naQsns6&aL, quam-

non nisi de eo Aristotelem dicturum fuisse docet o nots od yivstUL 'l8lov (nam quae legimus vs. .36 accuratius expressisset si dixisset o yiadiicitur vs. 35
,

quam exemplum quod

vstai nots ^ij 'l8lov,

sicut

vs. 28).

Quod quam verum

vs. 3,

sit

etiam ea comprobant quae ieguntur

ubi proprium ita

dicit, ut sumatur tb s^ dvdyHTjg dsl ovt quod rei proprietatem ita exprimat, ut tem-| poris rationem omnino non admittat. Accedit quod b5 de tempore praesente dicitur quod hic de tempore imiverso pro'l8lov
^

constituendum esse
h. e. id

fertur.

131 b 22

's^a

yLvo^svov

tijg alGQ-^^GsNg.

Quomodo haec

intelli-

exemplum docet vs. 29. Apparet autem haud multum diiferre hunc locum ab eo, quo quod proprium sit ita constituendum esse dixit, ut non alio tempore aliter se habeat nara quae sensibus subiecta sxmt tempore interiecto mugenda
sint
:

tantur, ut temporis notio ab

iis

separari nequeat.
si stL

131b24
^fj s^

's6taL 8' dkfj&sg

tb dcpavsg sivaL

vndQ%SL inl tav

dvdyarjg dsl naQaxokov&ovvtcov aiG^tjtav ovtcov.

Quod
non

dicit iis expiicatur

quae habemus
rei proprietas,

vs. 32.
si

Namque,

alt,

recte

constituitur
nisi

pro proprio suraitur id

quod non
per

sensu cognosci potest neque necessario et sem-

cum

re coniunctum est, cuius proprium esse dicitur.

Cap. 4. Non est proprium qiiod pro proprio sumtum est., non ad singula cotwenit omnia quorum proprietas constituenda erat., b 8 si de quibus nomen rei praedicatur^ de iisdem proprietas dejinita non praedicatur et vice veisa, 19 si eius quod inhaeret in alio proprium dicitur id in quo inhaeret., 35 si pro proprio sumitur id quod res participat ut differentiam., 133al2 vel quodcunque natura prius est vel posterius re ipsa; 24 si eorum quae eadem sunt., quatenus sunt eadem^ non
si

Topica.

485

eadem
sit

sunt noii idem specie est proprium. b 15

vice versa.

eorum quae eidem speciei subiecta si quod rei subiectae proprium^ id coniunctae cum accide/ite non sit proprium et
est proprietas,

35

si

132 a 23

Qimm

exposiierit
sit.

unde cognoscatiir,

niira rei

proprietas

bene expressa
iudicetur,

iara eos locos traditurus est,

ex qiiibus di-

propriura dicatur omnino sit propriura namque, ait, ii loci, ex quibus appareat nura proprietas bene constituta sit, continentur iis qui docent unde cognoscatur, nura quod pro proprio sumtum sit revera sit propriura: nara quod revera propriura est, id ab omni parte bene constitutura esse consequitur: quare si quid ex iis iocis, quos iam expositurus est Aristoteles, vel probatur vei redarguitur, et num quod propriura dicatur revera sit proprium et num recte expressum sit simui intelligitur. 132 a 28 olov. quod Bklius uncinis circumscripsit , coli. iis quae dixiraus ad lbl8 et ad 4b23 ofFensionera non habet. 1.32 a 29 'AttTcc TOt)TO, intell. xa&' o Totoii5rdv botlv ov aTtsdod^r] t6 i8lov. Et hoc et quae sequuntur facile inteiiiguntur exera-

num quod

an non

sit:

pli

qiiod

bl

proponitur ratione liabita

id

exeraplo utiraur,

dsdo^svov [11] dv&QOTlOV SLVttL. 132 a 36 Adiecimus particulara

30, 133 a 7, 19, 30,

naraque si horainis 29 est hoc: ^ 6 ro aTtobGtlv X8lov exdarov rav dv&QCJTtav xara rb
:

quod

dicit vs.

ftj^,

quara optt. codd. habent,

li-

cet invito Boetliio et vet. intp., quura

eadem

addita

sit

bl5,

priura id
vs.

31

ita

b7; sensus enira hic est: Erit enira proquod propriura esse negat adversarius". Nara sicut etiara liic t6 tcbl^isvov dixit id quod posuit adversasive dva6xsvdt,ovrsg
si
.

rius, cuius thesin irapugnaraus

si ille

affirmet,

sive jcaraCxsvd^ovrsg.,
'

propositionem negantem

defendat.

132b3

s6rL 8' oroTiog... Quaeritur enira in exeraplo

quod

lia-

biiiraus vs. 1,

num de quo
constituat,
xit

noraen horainis, de eodem etiam

praedicetur proprietatis definitio,

priura
sit ita sit

quae quod hominis pro-

aniraal scientiae capax.

Te-

nendura est autera et hic et in sequentibus rovvopa seraper id intelligi cuius proprietas constituatur, roijvop.a rb ov dno8i8oraL t6 X8lov., rbv Xoyov vero id quod illius proprietatem
declaret, t6v loyov rbv kiyovra t6 X8lov. 132 b 8 Si res cuius proprietas exponitur et proprietas ipsa non

486
praedicantiir de iisdein,

Topica.
iit

inter se
est.

proprietas non recte constituta

tis

commutari non possint, Exempia loci praeceden-

quae modo exposuimus etiara liuic loco conveniunt, quum ab aitero non re, sed verbis difFerat. 132 b 22 tov xatfjyoQOV^svov negligentius dixit, quum optime
alter

ipse exposuerit (1 a 20)

quid intersit inter id

xa^' vJtoxsLfisvov et sv vjioxsl^svo).

sit t(p sXdtt

quod dicatur

Vs. 32 cur adiectum

ex

iis

intelligimus quae habentur 134 a 31.

132 b 33 Verba

c5g

t6 idtov KatrjyoQsitai aut ita explicari pos-

sunt ut fecit Aiexander (schol. 285a21)

tur, nihil his verbis

quod

si

admitti-

exprimitur

quam quod per

se inteliigitur

ex
rao
cjg

iis

quae proxime antecedunt aut ita, ut Aristotelis aniiam obversata esse putemus ea quae sequuntur, ut verba
otu

t6 lSlov xaty]yoQSLtaL significent

li.

xatcc [isQ^shv
7]

ut di-

cit vs. 35,

e.

ov^

g>S

ysvog
,

rj

c5g dtacpoQCi

cclkcog oitcoGovv

xb

Tt

^v

slvat drjXovv

vel

quod

dicit

133 a 21 ovts dtaq^oQcc

ov orJy OQog:
tura definitur
,

nam genus

et diflFerentia, quibus ipsa rei

rei proprietatem

non expriraunt.

naNobis quidedit Ale,

dem

liaec interpretatio praestare videtur ei

difficilis est

quam

xander, quamquara res

accipienda
sint.

ad diiudicandum

quura

Aristoteles ipse nihil addiderit quod nos doceat quoraodo haec

133 a 12 Coll. exeraplo quod sequitur et

iis

quae habentur

vs. 18

apparet Aristoteli dicendura

fiiisse sl

sv8s%staL ^ij a^ia vjidQs^ dvdyarjg vjidQ%SLV

h. e.

%SLV pro 1 /t^ sv8. ccfia vjt. : nam ta repugnat t6 (i^ s^ dvdyxrjg v7tdQ%SiVj

VTtdQXSLV

7]

iif}

v7tdQ%Siv:

cf.

2lb23

26.

t6 sv8s%s6d^aL

Vs. 13
,

j}

ov

toijvofLa, h. e.

^ tovto

xa^''

ov tovvoyia dXrjd^svstai

quam

id cuius proprietas constituitur.

133 b 5 Quod Bkkus dedit facilius quidem est ad intelligendum quam quod nos exhibuiraus, sed et a codd. et ab intpp. alienura. Boethius vertit: quatenus utrique eorura ut aniraai est
accidit", vet. intp. cod. Goth.: in eo

quod

aniraal est

que eorura secundura quod accidit" Nostrae lectionis satis certum sit.
habuit (schol.
sxatSQG)

ut quid habuerint

quara etiara
:

utrumnon Alexander
intell.)

285a46

sqq.),

sensus hic est

^acp

tj

t6 (jvfi^s^ij-

nsvai sxdtSQOV (to xivsiCd^ai nal sGtdvai vcp' avtov

avtav

s6tl dv^^s^rjxsvai

jj

quatenus utrum-

que de utroque, quatenus animal est, praedicatur. Equidem haud scio an ex codd. restituendum sit sxdtSQOV pro

Topica.
axtttSQ(p^

487

eOtdvai
etsi

his verbis explicetur, cur t6 MvelG&ai et t6 avtov specie non difFerant. At quura ixdtSQOv, non expressum, mente certe cogitandum sit, et quum
v(p'
difficiiis

quum

locus

etiam

difficilior fiat

ad intelligendum.

si

Exa-

tSQCp mutetur in EKdtSQOV (excusatur

enim dativus

^cpG)

altero

dativo sequente), Alexandri auctoritatem,

lectio BxatsQcp^
13.3

qua coramendatur

deserere noluimus.

b 10 Ne iungas cog vno tb avtb ysvog: nam sensus est: tj ta ^sv (dv&Qconog xal dQvig intell.) cog BLdr] vnb tb avtb ysvog s0ti, ta 6' ag dcatpoQal tov ^aov (tb Jist,bv dinovv ical t6 mi^vbv bmovv intell.). 133 b 12 Quamquara eniui horao et equus in eadem specie sunt
(uterque

enim animal

est),

taraen

proprietates

non eadem

specie continentur: nara t6 nst,bv biTiovv horainis proprieta-

tem
jtovv

exprirait,

sed quod in eadera specie est t6 nsifiv tstQd-

equi proprietatem non exprimit:

nam

praeter

equum

multae aliae sunt quadrupedes. 133 b 15 Quum aliquid idem esse vel diversum ab aliqua re non

eodem semper sensu

accipiatur,

qui argutiis uti veiit orania

propriis suraantur.

fere redarguere poterit quae pro

Nam-

que quod adversarius proprium esse dixit, negabit dicens fieri non posse, ut diversarura rerum eadera sit proprietas, hominem vero et hominera albura non idem esse, ut necesse sit
aliara esse horainis, aliara horainis albi proprietatem,

quara ad-

versarius eandcra suraserit. Itera (vs.25)sophistice refellit

recte constitutum est proprium

tr]V s^LV

qui

eius

quod quod dicatur zata quod

in

aliam proprietatera esse debere contendit quara s^scog

ipsius:

nam

revera utriusque proprietas eadem est,

seqq. docetur inde a vs. 26.

133 b 31 Si quis vero probare velit hominis ethominis albi eandem esse proprietatem, dicendum est non sirapliciter et reapse alterum ab altero diversum esse, sed non
nisi

quodamdicens

modo, ut eadem eorum proprietas esse et 133 b 36 Si quis neget quod demonstraviraus
ft'^

possit et debeat.
vs.

26

30

slvai tijg STCiCf^nrjg lSlov t6 d[istd7tSL6tov vitb

si,Lg

pterea, quod
sint,

et id

quod

y.ata Tr^v

si^iv

koyov prodicatur non eadem

ut peccet

qui

eandem eorum
,

proprietatera constituat,

quum

ipse argutetur
ita

sophistico

licebit,

ut dicaraus profecto non

stitutam esse

proprietatem

argumento eura redarguere eandem utriusque conquia 6 STCLOt^nciiv (6 nata trjv

488
s^tv Isyofisvog)
e^ig) dicatur
ij

Topica.
dicatur d d^sTdjiHOtog ,
r}

sni6Tij(i7j

vro

(ij

d^sxdnsiGtog.
est

eo quod semper proprium natura coniunctum sit^ 18 num id cuius proprietas constituatur de alio primo praedicetur vel aliud de ipso primo (nam quod de altero, idem etiam de altero praedicari debebit), 26 num satis accurate dejinitum sit^ quomodo et cuius rei proprietas sumatur^ 135a9 num res ipsa pro ipsius proprietate habita sit, 20 num in iis quae ex similibus partibus constent vel partis vel totius proprietas

Cap.

5.

Videndum
id

num pro
rei

sit

sumtum

sit

quod cum

constituta

sit.

134 a 18 Proprietatera
si

rei

recte

constitutam esse redarguitur,

de alio primo praedicatur: de xitroque enim praedicabitur quod pro proprio sumtum est, iit proprium alterius simul esse non possit. Sic corpus dicitur album g xar' aXXo tv nQ&xov, xaxcc xrjv intcpdvBiav' xavxy yag nQcoxcag vndQ%si, xb KSXQCiG^ai (v. quae diximxis ad 16 a 6). ri d' sntcpdvsLa ksysxaL xsxQaO&ai cog nQaxov adxo. Quae ita se liabent ut corpus et superficies, eorum proprietatem constituere difficillimum est, quoniam quod de
id cuius proprietas declaratur

corpore (xa xax' dXlo) id etiam de superficie (xa nQcSxqt Tw ita&' d ksysxai ^dxSQOv) praedicatur, ut non verum sit proprietatem (quam dicit tbv koyov vs. 25) de eodem praedicari, de quo etiam rem (tovvofia) cuius proprietas consti,

s.

tuatur:

nam

tb xsxQaCQ^ai et tb sniq^dvsiav sivai,

quum

al-

terum etiam de corpore praedicetur, de quo alterum non praedicatur, non de eodem utique praedicantur. Cf. quae diximus ad 132 b 8. Aliud exemplum habemus vs. 32 34. 134 a 35 oidsv yaQ sxsqov ^..., h. e. ovdiva yaQ dXkov xq6ta> ^s%SiV, h. e. nov dkk' TJ ... Simiiia v. ad 52 a 29, 43 b 22. Tw s%siv sm^f^^Tjv s. xbv dQd^bv Xoyov. 134 b 2 TiaQ^dnsQ t,(hov xb al6&dvs6d^ai. xa ^aa yaQ xd xa&' xa6xa fisxsxsi xov ysvovg, xb ds ysvog., xb ^aov, (ists%stai' GiGnsQ ovv tcbv xaO'' sxaGta ^acDv idiov sdti tb ^ijv ta [istsXSiv tov ysvovg (tj yccQ t,G)6v sGtiv 6 dv&Qconog t.jj) , ovxag

xal ^(pov (xoi) ysvovg) sOxai Xdiov xb al6&dvs6d^ai

xa

[isxs-

XS^&ai (jj yccQ [isxs%sxai xb ysvog alc&dvsxai xb t,aov). 134 b 8 oiuic l6xai..., h. e, oxi xb vvv vnaQxov 'idi^v nox' ovx Sententia haec est. EOtai xoiovxov olov vndQxsiV sxeiVip.

TopicB.
Qiii sirapliciter

489

est in eo peccat,

proprium ponit qiiod non nisi nunc proprium quod pro proprio sumit id quod aliquando
ut rei

non
est.

erit

tale,

conveniat cuius proprietas deciaranda

quale nunc inest (iliud legendum opinor)", et vet. intp. cod. Goth. qui habet: .,quale nunc est id", dedimus lectionem difficiliorera
invito Boethio qui vertit:

Quamquam

id

quam

optimi codices

praebent.

Nam

facilior

lectio alienae

correctionis speciem habet.

134 b 11 Qui non indicavit,

(og

num id quod proprium dicat proprium, eo peccavit, quod proprietas et res cuius proprietatem constituit non convertentur inter se. Namque qimm color superficiei sit proprium cog iiQGiXOV.. corporis vero ag v.at' ccklo, si color proprietatem alicuius rei exprimere dicatur, incertum est num de superficie an de corpore serrao sit, ut, etiam si proprietatem recte constituimus (^SijisQ xal 6 koyog dkrjd^svsxaL)^ tamen nomen rei ipsius falsum esse possit. Corporis enim proprietas constituta erit ubi superficiei proprietatem exprimere
ait,
sit

ngarov

7}

cog v.ax

ak\o

debcbamus

et vice versa.

134 b 14 ovx sGxai Idiov. Nam eadem esset (quod apparet ex exemplo vs. 17) duarum rerum proprietas. Nam (vs. 15) si
quis constitueret quod proprium esset ei quod haberetur, simul etiam habenti proprium esset, et si constitueret quod habenti proprium esset, simul etiam ei quod haberetur proprium esset, quae quomodo distinguenda sint ostendit a34sqq. 1.34 b 19 sav }ilv yag xa ^isxs%s6^ai aTtodoJ^ otu (lovov xa (isxsXO^isva (xa ^c5o3, xa ysvsi vs. 2) vjiaQ^st. dXXa xal xotg (isxs-

%ov6iv, sav 8s xcb (isxsxsiv a^ia xolg nsxsxovGi xal xoig

XO(isvoig.

(isxe-

134b30
cies

Si species,

cuius proprietas constituta est, alias spe-

quae inter se differunt, proprietas quam convenire debeat, alii speciei magis, alii rainus erit propria, quod absurdum est (vs. 34), nisi forte singulae species ita comparatae sint, ut et ipsae et proprietas gradum admittant simulque augeantur et minuantur gradus utriusque, velut si lux, flamraa, pruna eo raagis habeant ignis {xov ovoyLaxog) naturara, quo raagis de iis praedicetur id quod ignis propriura sit (d Adyog) xb ksTCXOfiSQSCxaxov
complectitur
diximus,

quum omnibus

intell.

Si vero singidae species ipsae gradura

id

fieri

non potest, quin simul augeatur

non admittunt, quod rei proprie-

iltO

Topica.

tatem expriraat (6 l6yog) et res cuius proprietas constituatur (Tovvofia).

135 a 2 rov XB a^rAwg

xoiovxov

xov

nvQoq

xal xov fidhSxa dvxos

xoi)

(ptoxoq.

Nam

utriusque propriiim erat xb

constitueris

ksTCXOfiEQECxaxov.

Cf.

146al6.
,

135a6 Sin autem

ipse proprietatem sic

non patj

debes, ut adversarifls taiem obiectionem

tibi faciat.

135 b 4 eieciraus articulura

Aristoteles
dicit

xrjg et vs. 5 particuiara tckL

Quod

est

hoc.

Rei quae ex

sirailibus
si

partibus

coraposita ^st recte constituitur proprietas,

quod eius pro-

priura

dicitur

praedicatur de quaque parte et proprium est

constituit
dicit.

singularura partiura, quatenus ex his totura aiiquid coraponitur.

Quare recte

terrae proprietatera qui natura

eam deorsum

ferri

quaeque terrae pars , natura deorsum fertur et cuiusque terrae propriura est, ut

Nara et omnis terra (h. e. una7ca6a yij.i non 7td6a ij yrj ^ tota terra)

deorsum feratur, quatenus {yiaxa xtjv y^v) quodcunqiie totum ex terra coraponitur natura deorsura fertur. Apparet ex
liac

interpretatione

explicationis

gratia

addita

esse quae in

codd.

Bq

et

Duf

vs. 5

adiecta sunt.

Siraul inteiligitur orait-

tendam

esse particulam xat,

iis

TtaQakliqkov dicta sunt

quia quae leguntur vs. 4 sq. ex quae particulis ^iv et ds distincta

habuimus
Cap.
fi.

vs. 1

sq.

Deinde videndum

est

.,

num

oppositorum opposi-

tae constitutae sint proprietates : contrariorum contrariae^ 17 relatorum relatae., 27 privationum privatione espressae ; 136 a 5

7ium repugnantia eiusdem rei dicta

sifit

propria.,

14

num

re-

pugnantium non repugnantes constitutae sint proprietates, 29 num repugnantium eadem prolata sit proprietas., bS num eorum quae ex eadem divisione nata sint proprietates ita declaratae sifit., ut non eundem divisionis ordinem teneant.
135 b 18 eieciraus particulara ydQ
sit

quura in iisdem codd. de^ 24 secuti sumus, quaraquara et in sequentibus et in antecedentibus particulam yaQ in simili constructione adiectara videmus, imde facilius eam addi quara oraitti poAccedit quod edd. prr. pleraeque eara omituisse apparet.

quos

vs.

serunt.

eraplo intelligitur

xb

JEV

vs. 24 deesse non posse ex evquod sequitur, Patet enim non xa 8t5o et propria hic dici xov dLTclaOiov et xov iq^idBog., sed xb

Quod recepimus

Topica.

491
,

ag dvo
rent

TCQog fV et t6

ag ^v ngdg 8vo

qiiod

qiii

non vide-

alterum

membrum quod supervacaneum

putarent omi-

omnes IsingrinianaetPaciana exceptis omiseRecte Buhlius veram lectiobv. nem reduxit. Nam quod Aristoteles dicit hoc est Itih AeysraL xb ^hv 8i7iXd<5Lov %Qog xb ri^i6v, 6 8\ Xoyog xav 8vEiv TtQbg 'fV TCQog xbv Xoyov xov avbg TCQbg 8vo (coll. vs. 19 sq.), kOxi 8h xov 8i7ila(jiov i8iOv xb ag 8vo nQog ev, s'it] av... Accedit quod duo et unum non sunt notiones reiatae, sicut duplex et simplcx, nara quod imum est etiam non relatum ad duo cogitari potest (cf. schol. 286 a 16) quare insulsum esset, si Aristoteles diceret xa 8vo TCQbg sv ksysGd^ai. Imo dicit xb ag 8vo TCQbg 'jeV ksys6%ai JCQbg xb ag 'sv TCQbg 8vo.
serunt. Editiones

runt verba ra 8s dvo TtQog

Nam

ratio unius

tur ad rationem

ad duo cogitari nequit, duorum ad unum.

nisi

quatenus refer-

136 a 4 Tcscpvxoxsg sxsiv. Quae cur adiiciantur discimus 12a30. 136 al5 dediiuus xal f| C3V quae lectio et difficilior est et me,

lior.

Nam

quura

vs.

dixerit existimandura esse sx

xav

Tcaxtj-

29 idem velit, vs. 14 sq. exponit quomodo sx xav xaxijyoQov^svav xal sx xav vicoxsi^svcov (s. sx xovxcov cov xaxrjyoQSixai) idem cognoscatur. Apparet inde lectionem vulgarem xal xa^' cov alienae correctionis speciera habere. Eosdera codices secuti vs. 21 scripsiraus (irj xov coll. 129 b 15 et 1068 a 29, quem locuni adscripsimus ad 4b22. 136 a 36 Falli dicit eum qui quod affirmationis non sit proprium, negationis proprium esse contendat. Nam proprietas aut affirmatione aut negatione exprimitur si affirmatione , negayoQOVfisvcov
proprietas rei recte constituta sit,
existimari
vs.

num

vero x XGJV {fTCoxSiusvcov

tionis proprietatera

si

negatione
lara
si

affirraationis

proprietatem

non potest. proprium quodcunque

significare

verum
non

esset negationis esse

esset, sequeretur ne-

affirraationis

gationis proprietatem affirmatione exprimi posse,

quamquam

etiam quod affirmationis non

primi potest.

est

proprium affirmatione ex-

136 b 3 Si

ABCD
eodem

eundem

divisionis

abcd

ex

divisionis ordine sunt, notio

si

proprietatem notionis A.,

ordinem tenent, item si a non exprimet milla e reliquis (bcd) nullius

significat.

reliquarum

{BCD)

proprietatem

Vs. 6 eieci-

Top
raus

c a.

vocem &vr]rav, quam

(cf. schol.

explicationis gratia

additam esse

apparet

286 b

6).
sit co-

Cap.

7.

Deinde num proprietas recte constituta

iis

rationem habent^ 13Ta8 ex iis quae eandem rationem habent., 21 ex existentia., ^eneratione et inleritu , \i'i ex ideis et iis quae et quatenus cum rei natura necessario coniuncta sunt.

gnoscitur ex casibus^ 33 es

qiiae similem

13Ta8 Locus
ditus

pluribus iisque liaud exiguis difficultatibus impe-

primo quidem aspectu

optime videtur explicari

Iioc

modo. Ponamus notiones a et 6 eandem rationem habere ad notionem A: quare si a non exprimit proprietatem notionis A, neque b eius proprietatem exprimere consequitur. Sin autem A proprium est notionis a, non erit proprium notionis b, quum \mum duorum proprium esse nequeat. lam vero apparet exempli quo res iilustratur alteram partem (vs. 16 il 8'... IT al6%Q0v) ita comparatam esse, ut rei expositae minime conveniat. Nam ut exemplum quadraret, dicendum erat sl 5' ^drtv XSlov rj (pQovriGig xov B7ti6r^[i7]v elvai xaXov, oiux &v fXr] 'idLOV aTurrj rov JiL6ri]fir]v tlvai al6xQov vel Quam quidem loci difficultatem quum aliud quid luiiusmodi.
animadverteret
lul.

Pacius, qui ea quae leguntur vs, 9 sq. ita

sit: Si A non exprimit proneque proprietatem notionis b exprimet; sin autem A est proprium notionis a, non simul erit proprium notionis b, quoniam non datiir ima duarum rerum proprietas", eiicienda putavit omnia quae de exemplo dicun-

interpretatus est, ut sententia

prietatem notionis ,

tur (vs. 12 otov... 18 X8lov).

Erit fortasse

qui

expiicatio-

nem

ab

initio

a nobis propositam praestare putet:

si

acprimum

probetur, ea certe quae legantur vs. 12 olov... 15 ai^xQOv non aliunde intrusa, sed ab Aristotele ipso profecta videantur, ut servari possint, Pacii vero
interpretatio pro vera haberi nequeat,
nisi omnia quae de exemplo dicantur aliena manu adiecta esse putentur deinde
;

quidem propterea quod,

quia oranis difficultas ex Aristotelis in scribendo negligentia

orta videri possit (coli.
nis
ita
iis

quae habuimus 35 a 2, ubi termi-

sumtis,

ut rei

^skTiov Tovg OQOVSr, ct denique quia vitium esse possit in verbis t6 adrb Tikuovcov
(vs.

parum conveniant, addit XrjTCreov dh quae dixiraus ad 84a21 et ad 94 b 18)

veri dissimile

18),

quum non

sit

parum accurate ab

Ari-

Topica.
:

493

ddvvcctov stotele expressum esse quod in raente habuerit yag rb avtb (inteli. xb STtLGtijn^jV tivai) jCQbg tiXelco zal evavtia XcyofiBvov (TtQog tb xakbv yag xat nQog tb al6%Qbv hXkyfTo)
ilvai X8lov tvog tivog xal

mum

quidem

coll.

iis

coOavtag sxovtog. At priquae habentur 138 a 19 sq. haud im.

. .

probabiie est verba ddvvatov yccQ

t6 yccQ
1.38 a

'CdLOV (vs. 11) prius in

margine adscripta ad expiicanda ea quae sequuntur

. .

vs.

19

(jvyyiQLVEtaL

postea
est

alieno loco Aristotelis verbis

quem habemus neque binas binarum rerum neque binas unius rei proprietates (quod in exempio factum videmus) inter se comparari, sed de ima binarum rerum proprietate sermonem esse quod qui concedit eam liunc iocum expediendi rationem quam I. Pacius iniit non probare non poterit. Denique ex iis quae leguntur vs. 19 de una binarura
inserta esse; deinde ex simiiitudine eius loci

13 sq. veri simile

rerura proprietate

liic

agi manifestura

est.

Quae quura
in

ita

sint, nihil relictum videtur, nisi ut aut

ipsum Aristotelem

in

eo
vs.

peccavisse ponamus

quod non viderit se

exeraplo

quod minime absurdura est, dura ut redarguat quod proxime praecessit unara pluriura rerura proprietatera esse non posse
16
sq. plures unius rei proprietates constituisse, vs.

17 sq. moneat,

ita

ut alterura aitero

iiic

ipsura confudisse

appareat (quae quidem loci interpretatio

vs.

si

probatur, de bi-

quae habuimus exempla quidem quadrent, sed et falsum sit id quod dicitur vs. 11 sq. et quae adduntur vs. 17 dbvvatov omnino non coliaereant cum antecedentibus), aut lulio yccQ
nis unius rei proprietatibus inteiiigenda erunt

. .

12, ut

Pacio adstipuleraur, qui verba olov vs. 12 18 Idcov aiiunde intrusa putavit. Uncinis liaec circumscribere non ausi suraus,
tura quia aut haec aut aiia exerapla, quibus locuin illustraret,

Aristotelera ipsura addidisse verisimile

est,

tura

quia argu-

menta quae raodo exposuiraus ita coraparata sunt, ut auctorem ipsum in vitio esse non posse minime evincant. 137 a 19 Quae vera sit rei proprietas ex hoc loco probari non potest, quia ^, si eandera rationera habet ad notionera a quara
simui utriusque

ad notionem b (tv TiQbg nkdm (SvyxQLVStaL)., aut neutrius aut proprietatem exprimere deberet, quod ab-

surdnm
seraper

est,
sit

quum
tcc

ipsa proprii notio postulet,

ut unius rei

ima proprietas.
a^

137 b 2 xal TCQbg

at5rv,

et ad reliqua quaecunque ex

494

Topica.

non solum argumenrov yivea&ai xal 1% xov q)9sLQea9ai TCQog xb slvai, sed etiam ex xov yLvsod-ai, tcqos x6 cp^eiQeGd^aL jcat hx.
tari licet ax

ipsis derivantur". Addidit haec, qiioniam

xoi) g^QeiQeOd^ai TCQog xb yiveG^ai.

137 b 7 Verbis dkX'

veniat neque
bari
patet.

jj

idea,

quum proprietatem
si

rei

non recte
tur-

constitutam esse dixerit,

proprietas neque in ideam con-

cum ipsa rei natura coniuneta sit, sensum Tamen ne imcinis quidem ea circumdare

ausi

sumus, quia et quae antecedunt et quae sequuntur negligentius ab Aristotele conscripta esse apparet. Vs. 9 negli-

gentius dixit
fuisset
jj

jj

ksyexai xar' a^dxoif exeivov.,

quum dicendum
vs. 5

keyezai aTuxb exelvo.

Patet enim e

ioci lianc esse:

xalag djiobidoxai xb

tdtov, el

sententiam x^ idea vnaQ-

XSL xal el y,axh

xo ISlov
rei,

inteli.)

xovxo VTtdQxei., xa^' 8 e-jislvo {ov ditobiSoxai xovxo e6XLV o eQXLV li. e. quatenus natiira
.,

cuius proprietas constituitur, taiis est quaiis

8.

est.

Cap.
gnoscitur

ex

Deinde num proprietas recte declarata sit iis quae gradum admittunt (138 a3()) et es

coiis

quae similefn inter se rationem habent.

138 a 4 Quomodo haec differant ab iis quae habuimus 137 b 15, exerapla docent: namque illic res, quae alius rei propria dicebatur, gradum admittebat, liic proprietatis ipsius gradus comparantur: nam ^dkkov 'idiov hic dicitur quod alicuius rei proprium esse verisimiiius est quamaliud: sl xb (jidkXov 'idiov (id quod rectius exprimit proprietatera) (iij eGxiv 18lov xov-

xov ov (idllov edziv Wiov (vs. 4) nara pro xoij (idkXov xov Tjzzov vs. 4, 5 et 9 clarius dixisset zovzov ov fidkXov
:

et
(s.

'^xzov) eazLV Ydiov.

Praeterea tenendxim est quod

vs.

4 con-

fert binas binarura

vs.

rerum

proprietates, vs. 13 unara binarum,

21 binas xmius.
,

138 a 30 Ut in antecedentibns sic etiam hic priraum comparat binas binarum rerum proprietates, deinde (b6) binas xinius,
denique (vs. 16) imara binarum. 138 b 4 Articulum zov (coll. iis quae diximiis ad 3 a 21) ex
opti-

morum
138bl2

codicura auctoritate deleviraus.

sqq. Quaraquam et Alexander habuit [isQOvg (schol. aliquid partium eius 287 a 7 sqq.) et Boethius qui vertit primo esse concupiscibile", et vet. intp. qui reddit partis eius esse concupiscibiie primae", tamen edd. prr. secuti dedimus
: :

Topica.
(iBQog
,

406

quiim altera lectio sensnm tolerabilem non praebeat. Praeterea ofFendit qiiod additnr nQCOTOV^ qnod hand scio an satis excnsetur eo, qnod plnribus verbis interiectis separatnra sit a substantivo {^vx^g) ad quod pertinet (coii. iis qnae di-

ximus ad 4b4 et ad 48b34). Lectionem faciliorem TtQCOtov quam nnns codex habet vel nQcotcog qnod edd. prr. pleraeque praebent recipere non ansi sumus. 138 b 18 Ratio eius qnod et hic dicit et vs. 22 eadem est quam

habuimns a20.
138 b 23 exponit quomodo locus qnem ab eo qnem habuimus 136 b 33 sqq.

modo
Illic

tradidit

differat

enim docebatnr

dvdkoya^ sive praedicatur hic vero ostenditur qnem nsnm habeant ea qnornm eadem sit praedicandi ratio.
iis

qnomodo

ntendum

sit

quae

sint

alternm de altero sive non praedicatur,

Cap.

9.

qui vel potentia (139 a 9) vel

Docetur quafido propnetatem male constituerit gradu superlativo eam definiverit.

138 b 32 adiecimns X8iOv qnod et Boethins habet et edd. prr. pleraeque. TCQog ^tj ov dTtodidoG&ca dicit proprietatem, qnae ita constitnitur, xit ipsa (t6 dvanvEvCtov tivat, h. e. t6 xotovtov sivai olov dva7tvH6%aC) esse non possit, nisi simul

existat

aiia

res

(t6

t,S)ov s.
sit

t6 dvaTtveov)

cuius

existentia

non necessario coninncta

cnm

existentia eins {tov dsQog)

(coll.

cnins proprietas exprimatnr: ot yaQ

139a6)

diJQ f(JTtv,

ov xal dvanvHO^al Tt dvdyxr] eQtai^ dXX' ots ^aov sGtiv. 138 b 33 olov dvaitvslv, h. e. o toiovtov Ttscpvnsv olov dvanvslv Vs. 35 ad dvvatov omissnm est snbiectnm ti: xbv dsQa. V. qnae diximns ad 3b22. 139 a 10 Cvfi^alvsi yaQ ui] dvtiGtQScpsLV tb xaO'' VJtSQ^okrjv Xsyo^svov idiov (li. e. t6v koyov) zal snsivo oi) djtodsdotat tb

Xdiov (h.

e.

toijvona).

Lib. VI. cap. 1. Qtium de definitione disputatur quinque sunt capita quorum ratio habenda est. 36 De tribus eorum egimus lib. II, IV et V, b6 restat igitur ut exponamus quando definilio aut male exposita aut omnino falsa sit.
.,

139 a 31
tebit

sy,

tav

JtQog t6 6v^(is^i^iibg
definitio

xonav.

Ex

his

enim pa-

num qnod

declaret praedicari omnino possit

139 bl Item

de co quod definiatnr. qunm de proprietate ageret primnm exposuit ubi

496

Topica.
iibi

non recte expressa sit proprietas, deinde sumtum sit quod omnino non sit proprium
et

pro proprio
V.
c.

(lib.

init.

init).
2.

Cap.

Obscuritatis vitium in defniitionem cadit.,

sive
est^

ipsa utitur voce

a?nbigua sive quod dejinitur

utitur.,

ambiguum
6
si

32

si

translatione

140 a 3 vel verbis

inusitatis.,

quid

in definilione non sensu proprio dicitur., 18 si contrarium non simul ex ea intelligitur vel explanatione indiget id quod definitur.

139 b 20 Aut, ni fallor, Bkko recipiendum erat qtjQbv et ^ ort aut siQrj^svov et nal ori, quod fecimus, quum iidem codices, qui praebent slQrjfiBvov, habeant etiam xul ort: quam quidem lectionem veteris interpretis, Boethii et editionum Paciana priorum omnium auctoritas defendit. 139 b 25 Quum latet ambiguitas eius quod definitur, qui definitionem impugnare velit ita ei occurrere potest, ut definitionempropositamnon omnia quae notioni definiendae subiecta sint, sed non nisi partem complecti dicat (quod qui faciat eum 6v'HOcpavxHV dicit Ai-istoteles, quia notionis ambiguae una definitio esse omnino non potest), sive (vs. 28) ita, ut ipse patefacta ambiguitate convincat adversarium,
sit
si

definitionem propositam in nullam notionis

demonstrare posambiguae si-

gnificationem quadrare.

639 a 5 nsTtaLdsvfisvov yccQ 139 b 31 xara XQonov , ut decet" 86xL xaxa XQOTCOV xb dvvaG&at xQivat s^dGxoxcog xL ^caAwg ^ Eodem sensu particuiam g ft^ 'naXcag dno8l8ci(5iV 6 ksycav. cum praepositione xaxa saepissime coniungit Aristoteles: 653 a 28, 690 a 28, 781 b 21, 785 a 12 tog y,axa ^sys%og. Idem fere sensus quem hic habet xaxa xqotcov est eius quod le:

gimus 414 a 25 oi^tco 8e ylvsxai xal xaxa koyov, 989 a 31 '^va^ayoQav d' el' xig vnoXd^oi 8vo XsysiV ^xoixsla., fidh6x^ av vTCoXd^oi xaxa Xoyov , ov sxstvog avxog fisv oi5 dtj^pAliud est quod habemus 415 a 19 xaxa xbv loyov, &QCCI6SV. de quo V. Trdlbg. de an. p. 351 coll. 716 a 18 et 20. 140a12 1] o^oioxrjg., id quod dici solet ^tertium comparationis". Loquitur enim Aristoteles de iis rebus quarum simiiitudo, quamquam appareat quandam earum esse similitudinem , qua in re posita sit non satis ehiceat.

Topica.

497

140 a 19 dedimus dnodidofievoi quod edd. pleraeque, Boethius

et optinii codices praebent.

Cap.

3.

Supervacaneum

est in

dejimtione

.,

si

quid adie-

quod de omnibus aut certe de iis omnibus praedicaim\, quae in eodem genere siint atque res definie^ida., 3.3 si demta aliqua dejinitionis parte etiam quod reti?iquitur rem definit, bl6i quid est in defmitione quod non de omnibus praedicari potest quae eidem speciei subiecta sunt, 27 si idem compluries dictum est^ 141 a 15 si quod universe dictum est idem etiam de parte dictum adiicitur.
est

ctum

definitio componatur e genere et difFerenquod de omnibus praedicatur genus esse non potest, id vero quod de omnibus quae eodem genere continentur pro differentia haberi nequit(ut docet vs. 29 .31), ut utrumque a definitione alienum esse debere appareat. 140 a 31 Delevimus praepositionem dno^ quae etiam abest a plerisque edd. prr. Nam quum ter eam habuerimus vs. 2T '29, verisimilius est aliena manu eam adiectam quam deletam esse. Vs. 35 Iv xa xoij dv^gaTiov koyc} xa Xiyovn xbv
tia,

140 a 25

Nam quum

id

ccvd^oomov

slvttL

t,Coov 7tBt,6v dtjiovv.

140 b 4 Quod modo divit ipse impugnat dicens notionem numeri non deesse debere in definitione animae, ne genus rei definiendae in definitione praeterraittatur.
ait,

verum

est,

disputanti rebus

dubiis ita

Utrumcunque autem, semper utendum

lit

est, ut non nisi ea ponat ex quibus redarguat adversarium quod quomodo faciendum sit alio exemplo illustratur in seqq.

Particula yccg vs. 8

expiicat

alii aliter

xitendum

sit:

ac

quomodo eadem definitione primum quidem ei qui probare veInde a

vs.

versario

supervacaneum esse xb dnsnxov. dicendum sit exponit.

h. e. dcpaiQB^ivxo^

12 quid ad-

140 b 19 d komos,
xolg ovGlv.

xovxov o nctGiv vjtdQ%Bi

140 b 23 Articulum cum optimis codicibus omisimus, quum in definitionibus propositis non adiici soleat ab Aristotele , v. vs. 8 et .34, 139 b 20 ai. 140 b 28 Namque, ait, quum omnis appetitus voluptatem appetat, per se inteiligitur appetitus definitionem (t6 xavxbv tjj inL%vyiia., h. e. jj 6'p|ts i]diog) voluptatis notionem complecti, iit supervacanea Hoc certe est sit, si expresse adiiciatur.
n.

32

498

Topica.
Aristoteles in

argumentum quod
utitur 141 a II,

ubi non

mente liabuit (eodem enim exprimendum esse dicit in defini-

tione quod per se intelligatur)

satis

quamquam quae sequuntur , hoc non satis perspectum fuisse, quum doceat cur non rcprehendendus sit qui in exemplo modo proposito iteret vocem '^dsog. Si satis clarum ei fuisset quod hic exponere vohiit, duo locos ex uno fecisset: unura, quod
ostendunt
ipsi

in definitionem

non assumendum

sit

quod per se

inteiiigatur,

velut

si

voiuptatis notio in appetitus definitionem assumatur,

alterura,

quod eadera notione non plus semel utendum

quis iniQv^iav ita definiat ut sit dpsltg ij^gog:

sit,

vclut

si

se-

quitur enim ut eTCi&v^iav rjdeos dicere cogatur Sqb^lv ijdsos

TJdsos-

psisset loco sequenti (141 a 15),

Exemplum quod proponit I41a7 rectius quem ab eo quem

esse significavit

adscritradidit
coll.

140 b 27 revera non diversum 140 b 27.

Cap.
4.

141 a 21

Dejinitio falsa est

nisi ea

per quae definitur re

nobis,
alia simpli-

definita priora sunt et clariora.

citer clariora sunt.
bis

b3 Alia

vel alii

15 Vera definitio non fit ex iis quae nocuicunque., sed ex iis quae simpliciter et per se

clariora sunt: 142 a 17 quare quod quiescit et constans est

non

definiri debet per id quod movetur et inconstans est , 22 neque contrarium per contrarium^ 34 neque per id ipsum quod

definiendum

est, b7 neque per id quod eundem divisionis ordinem tenet {coordinatum) , 1 1 neque per ea quae rei defi-

niendae subiecta sunt.

141 a 26 Sik nQOTEQCOV.
Cf. Anai. post.
I.

c. 1

et 2 et

quae

ibi

diximus.

141 b 11 adiecimus vocem Bicinsdov , quam et Boethius habuit et vetus interpres et editiones Paciana priores fere omnes.
Accedit, quod,

quum

adiecto

aiiena raanu illud additum esse

smnsdov minime

locus fiat difficilior,

est probabile.

Conf.

quae liabuimus 112a33.

141 b 13 nEQitxris diavoiag., v. quae diximus ad 118a6. 141 b 28 idog vocat rem definiendam, quum definitio constet e genere et diff"erentia, quae coniunctae speciei naturam exprimunt.

142 a 20

Codices optimos et Boethium secuti addidimus

7ia&'

'^(liv^

quod
142 a 28

abest ab editionibus prioribus et a vetere interprete.

avra nQOS

stunt sicut pater et

filius,

dicuntur quae non per se consiqui, quamquam aiter ad alterum

Topica.
refertur,

499
ad se invicem subsistunt,

tamen etiam non

nisi
I.

relati

sed quae
Cf.

referantur ad aiiud cogitari omnino nequeunt.

p. 266.

quae diximus

142 b 5 et 19 Boetbii et
Cap.
5.

vet. intp.

iectionem exhibuiraus.

est, num genus rei dejiniendae quid praetermissum sit eorum ad quae res definienda pertineat ^ l4Sa9 num non ad melius., sed ad deterius res dejinienda relata sit 12 num genus non recte

Deinde videndum
30

(rmissum

sjY,

num

constitutum

sit,

15

num non sumtum

sit

genus proximum.

142b23 Admittitur, ait, hoc vitium, ubicunque definitioni propositae non praemittitur quid sit res definienda h. e. ubicunque definitio non incipit ab eo quod naturam rei defi,

niendae exprimit.

]4tal5 Peccat
quo
iila

qui reiictis generibus inferioribus reique definiendae propioribus in definitionem pro genere assumit id

continentur.

Blckus et in maiore et in minore edi-

quod neque codices praebent neque interpretes neque editiones priores. Fortasse mendum est. ovoiav vs. 18 dicit rr^v y,ata rbv Xoyov , t6 ti ^v sivai s. tbv 6qi6(i6v. Hiis.2'\ V. Anal. post. 97a35 sqq. Vs. 25 to VTCOxdta yitione praebuit VTtSQ^aivELv^

li.

vog,

e.

t6 syyvtdtG).

Cap.

6.

videndum.,

num genus

Differentiarum ratio habenda est. bll Deinde divisum sit per negationem., 144 a 5 num

pro differentia sumta sit species (9) vel genus (20) vel quodcunque substantiae (23) vel accidentis notionem habeat, 28 num differentia vel species quae dejiniatur de genere (31) vel genus de differentia praedicetur., b4 vel species quae definiatur de differentia^ 12 num eadem differentia etiam ad aliud genus pertineat, 31 num locus ubi aliquid sit (145 a 3) vel affectio pro differentia substantiae sumtus stY, 13 num differentia eoTum quae referantur ad aliud non referatur ad aliud. 19 num ea sumta sint ad quae proprie (28) et proxime referatur id quod defniatur 33 num affectio revera insit in eo cuius affectio definiatur. b2l num temporis ratio conveniat ei quod
,

defniatur.

143 a 33 dediraus Siaq^OQa coll. iis quae collegiraus ad 4a8. 143 b 2 Mirura est quod adiecit xal ta dijiodi, quum 144 b 24
t6 dinovv sumatur pro diff^erentia tov nelov et tov ntijvov 32 *

500
(cf.

Topica.
quae dixiraus ad
l

b 18, ubi in fine pro rstQccTCovv scri-

bendum
tira

erat noXvTiovv),

unde apparet td diTCOvv (praeser7ti,bv dt-

quura liomo definiri soleat ab Aristotele t,aov

novv) non dvtidLrjQrj^svov esse t Jrf^w, quod hic expresse dicitur. Ib. ei e6tL..., h. e. t) eI ECtc ^lv d>s dki]%fag

-rj

Siaq^oQcc

YJ

diacpoQcc

rj

dvtidc^QijfiEvr] vfi kEx%Ei6y

s.

t E6tt

^ev ag dkrj^ag diacpoQa tb ffi EiQrjfisvij dvtidijjQrjfisvov. Siraiiia dediraus ad 67 a 35. Cf. etiara quae dixiraus ad 20a31. Vs. 6 Ei d^rjQsiJETai, fisv, inteil. ^ dtaqpop^ ^ dvtidi^jQrj-

[isvr] trj

eiQrj^EV^.

143 b 11 Ut haec recte intelligantur, eorura ratio habenda est Naraque qui genus unara rem 31. quae leguntur vs. 29 finitara esse putat quae per se soia consistat (ein concretes

Ding),

is

genus

in species

non

ita dividere

debebit,

ut aispecies

tera species affirraet

quod

altera neget:

nam quum

insint in genere, genus ipsura sibi repugnabit. 143 b 13 6v^^]j6Etai ovv^ inteli. si ev dQi^^a ECtl tb ysvog xal dto^ov., quara quidem conditionem semper in mente habere

143 b 21 tb

debemns, ut intelligaraus quae sequuntur. ETCidexECd^ai tb ysvog tbv tov sWovg Xoyov idera est quod vs. 14 expressit ta fiEtEXEiV tb yEvog tov Eidovg, quod cur fieri non debeat exposuit 121 a 10 sqq. Cum iis quae sequuntur cf. 122b20 sqq. 143 b 30 Quum aut recipiendura sit 0*1 nav aut o(Jot t6, dedimus quod Boethius, vet. intp. et edd. prr. habent omnes.
144 a 11 144 a 33

19

Quod modo proposuit exemplum quomodo redar)]

gui possit ostendit.

xata tov EXdovg xal tcav e. noXXdyng tb ^raov. 144 bl Aliud argumentura aflFertur, quo probetur genus non praedicari de diff"erentia. Nara de quibuscunque praedicatur genus aniraal" , ea aut species simt animaliura aut inxad^' cov

VTtb tb Eidog.

diayopa,

h.

e.

Vs. 37 TtoXla ^raa, h.

dividua,

ut

diff^erentiae
est.

quod ineptum

aut

species

aut

individua

Mutati numeri {diacpOQal

essent,

E6tai)

similia exerapla habuiraus

ad 4 a

8.

144 b 9 Diff"erentia specie prior esse debet, quia genere coniuncta speciem constituit (143b8).

diff^erentia

cum

144b26

o^uic

dvdyjtr] trjv diacpoQav...

eI yccQ

7]

ccdtr]

diacpoQcc

Svo ysvcbv

E6t\

^7]

TtEQiExovtav ^EV dXXi]Xa vjtb tadtb S'

Topica.

501

JvTCJV, Oi5x dvdyxf] trjv dtaq^ogccv sxdteQOv siCiipsQUv tb ol-

xsiov ysvog.

etiam interpreti cuidam, cuius 145 a 33 Lectionem codicum nomen ignoramus, notam fuisse discimus ex schol. 289 a3T.

^B

Vulgarem lectionem quam servavimus etiam Boethius habuit. Articuhim r] ante did&S(3tSi quamquam orationem turbare videtur (quare lui. Facius eum deiendum putavit et Buhiius revera eum delevit), non eiecimus; nam quod dicitur hoc est:
tovTO ov nd&os slLQrjtac tb coQtG^usvov., h. e. stt sl tovto ov OQt^stat tb Tcdd^os ^ ij dtd&sGts^, ^rj dsxtixov s6tL tov ndstL si

^ovs ^ tris 8ta^s6s(oS' 145 b 6 Est enim consequens,

ait,

ut etiam inanimata doleant,

:

si

membra quae
erat doloris
definitione

natura coniuncta sunt discindantur

definitio

haec enim
dixit

(nam dkyrjdcov

eius vs. 2 proposita).

vs.

7 brevius

pro

Vs. 16

iectionem vul-

garcm codices

ct vet. intp. cod. Gotli. secuti reduximus.

e.

145 b 23 et 29 vvv dd^dvatov^ h.

d^dvatov ov d^dvatov sGtat. At, ait, fortasse hoc exemplum non quadrat, quia quod nunc sempiterniun dicitur non solum id significat quod nunc vel non perit vel perire nequit, sed etiam id quod nunc ita comparatum est, ut nulio tempore interire possit, ut quod nunc sempiternura sit etiam significet tb anlas d^dvatov. Sin autem (vs. 30) aliquando fit, ut definitio (tb xata tbv Xoyov
(.lovov
^

vvv

TtQotSQOv odd' vGtSQOv, co6t' 0^% aTikas

aTiodo&sv)
beat,

temporis praesentis vel praeteriti notionem haa re ipsa (t6

dum

xata tovvo^a) teraporis

finiti

ratio

aliena sit,

definitionem non idem exprimere quod notionem

definiendam apparet.

Videnduin est , ?ium aliud quid naturam rei deCap. 7. finiendae rectius exprimat quam definitio proposita., 146 a 3 nutn definitio gradum admittat, dum id quod definiatur non
admittat et vice versa
Jium,
si
,

(T) vel

num non

simul admittat., 13
21

et

definitio

et

notio

definita de aliis praedicentur^

,

gradus quem utraque admittat non simul augeatur definitio ad plura pertineat quae seiu?icta nomi?iata
7ium generis et
differentiae
definitiones

num
33

sini.,

in generis et diffe-

rentiae locum substituere no?i liceat.

146 a 11 addidimus articulum

rj

quem

codices praebent.

M^
tur^

Topica.

Cap. 8. Deinde num., si id quod definiatiir ad aliud referanon dictum sit ad quid referatur^ b 13 7mm quid ad generationem vel ad actum ut ad finem relatum sit^ 20 num in
definitione quantitatis, qualitatis et loci ratio habita
sit^

36

num

in definitione appetitus et simitium speciei notio non adiecta

sit.

146 b 6 Qinim in iis definitionibus qiias modo proposuit praetermissum sit id ad quod res definienda ipsa referatur, aliud

exemplum
id ad

addit, in

quo

definitioni
(tJ

datae non adiectum est

iniGxi^iiri)

quod genus
mihi

rei definiendae

referatur.

Vs. 9 facile

persuadercm legendum esse BlQTjfisvov coU. 148a3 et iis quae dedimus ad I9b37 sub fin. et ad 57 a 33, nisi meliorum codicum auctoritas lectionem vulgarem
defenderet.
. . .

146 b 20 tov 7t66ov Genitivum posuit quum iam in mente haberet exemphim quod sequitur. 146 b 30 Verba xal nov^ quum per scribentium negligentiam excidisse videantur (praecessit enim xal noiov)., reduximus. Eadem Boethius et vet. intp. et edd. prr. fere omnes habent. 14T a 5 Si quis autem quod modo diximus vitium non admise,

rit,

sed adiecerit definitioni rb (paivd^Bvov.,

si

alia ratione

redar-

gui poterit,
ita

ideas esse contendat:

nam idearum
lectione

naturae

repugnat xb (paivoy^Bvov, ut

possit.

cum

ea conciliari nullo

modo
nisi

Quod Boethius
quod
iile vs.

vertit

a nostra

non

9 ante ov8s adiectum habuit aixr] ^ovkrjGtg et post TJdsog vs. 10 avtr] InL&v^la, quae interpretationis causa adiecta esse apparet. Quare iectionem codicum etiam in eo sequendam duximus, ut vs. 9 scriberemus BOtai, pro sdtLV, quod et Boetliius et vet. intp., qui totum locum valde depravatum habet, praebent. Quid alii edidiff^ert,

eo

^B
v.

derint

apud Bulilium animadvv.

critt.

Tom.

III. p.

475.

De

vera lectione dubitari vix potest.

Cap.

9.

Deinde videndum, num

,

definitio contrarii vel eo-

rum quae

cognata sint {tav 6v6toi%(av) e definitione data elici possit , 23 num si genus referatur ad aliquid, species referatur ad speciem eius ad quod referatur genus, 29 num oppositi etiam definitio sit opposita, b 4 num privatione definitus sit habitus (s^tg), 17 vel contrarium per contrarium. 26 Q,uae observanda sint in definiendis iis quae cum
rei definitae

Topica.
privatione proferatitur.

503

148 a 3 Denique videndum,

num per

privationem dejinitum
147 a
.S3

sit

quod privatione careat.

Nara binae

yiata

^lav xtva ov^nloirjv rcov ivavTicov.

notiones contrariae quater copulari possunt: a) 7toi7]tixbv dya&0V.,

/3)

rixov xaTCoij,
stoteles
.

q)^aQtixbv dya^ov, y) mwrjtDcbv xaxot), 6) q^d^agex quibus contraria sunt priino secundum et

tertium, tertio
fusius
l

primum

et

quartum.

Qi]&hv b

t6 s^ dgx^g et 2 dicit definitionem tov (OfpiXi^ov^ h. e. t6 tiolti-

explicuit 112

b27

11.3al9.

Quid

sibi

velit

Ari-

xixbv dyaO^ov., ta vGtsQOv dnodo&svta inteliigit t6 Ttoirjtindv

xaxov et t6 (pd^aQttxdv dyad^oi). 141 b 6 dedimus dfjlov ovv otc coil.

iis

namque
147 b 9

et

hic et vs. 10 recepimus

in

quae collegimus I. p. 336: lectionem codicum ^5,

quos et hic et

sequentibus reliquis praestare apparet.

dv.

6vfi^aivoL yaQ

Exspectabas Cvvs^aivs yccQ av,

codd. CPc.

quam negiigentiam
svdsxstai,

qui viderent correxisse videntur od yccQ

quod habent
SLrj

Item liabem\is 149 a4

11 dsl pro sdsL: quae,

coqlG^svov av

pro

ctv -^v et ib. vs.

quamquam
dunt.

ex contextu orationis facile perspicitur

quomodo

intelligenda sint,

tamen negligentiam quandam

scribentis pro-

147 b 12 Aliam rationem exponit, ob quam id quod s^lv quandam significet per privationem definire non liceat. Namque

quum

inaequalitas

sit

aequalitatis privatio,

si

aequalitas

(ij

per inaequalitatem), aequalitas ita definienda esset, ut esset contrarium inaequalitati, h. e. aequalitas esset contrarium privationi aequalis^ig) recte definiretur
e.

per privationem (h.

tatis,

ut

idem per idem

definiri appareat.
v.

De

constructione

quae diximus ad 51 b 14. 147 b 32 Accuratius dixisset otov od^ ott. Sensus enim hic est olov oix SLTtciv otL sv TK XoyLGtLXGi 7} dyvoLa 7tsq)vxs yiverbi
dLacpSQSLV vs. 15 et 23
vs6%^ccL, dkX' otL

sv dv^Q(D7t(p

1]

t/^v;^^,

rjfidQtrjxsv.

148

a 5 tolg

(xtj

xat' dit6(pa0LV,

intell.
iis

quomodo

intelligenda sint ex

dkXd xata didO^sGLV. Quae patet quae diximus ad 79b23

de duplici dyvoicCi quarum una est xat^ djtocpaOLV, altera xatd dLad^sGLv: iila enim per negationem definienda cst, haec uon per negationem. Sensus loci igitur hic est. Peccant qui per privationem ignorantiam definientes non eam ignorantiam definire voluerunt quae est xaT' dTtocpaOLV, sed eam quae est xatd dLa&sGLV.

fitOi

fopica.
Cap. 10.

Quaerendum, mim casus

14

definitionis singulis rei

definitio rei in
sint

definitae

casibus conveniant,

num

eius quadret.,
definitio.

23

num eorum quae ambigua

ideam una data sit

148 a2L dedimus lectionem difficiliorem Tovroig, quam etiam Alexandrum (quem alterius lectionis auctorem fuisse probabile est) habuisse discimus ex schoi. 290 a 6. Sensus hic est. Praeterea adversus eos (eos inteli. qui ideas esse voiunt) etiam

utendum est, quae iam sequuntur nara omnis vox, quum et rem ipsam et rei ideam significare possit, pro
his argumentis
:

ambigua liaberi poterit. 148 a 25 Quare si una definitione comprehensa sunt quorum natiira, quamquam uno vocabulo expressa est diversa, definitio proposita nullius rei, quae iiio vocabulo significatur, veram naturam potest exprimcre, quum non nisi ea complecti possit quae illis rebus natura diversis communia sint. Si
,

qiiis autem (vs. 31) notionis ambiguae unam proposuit definitionem, aut ipse ambiguitatcm non intelligens xmius rei imam

definitionem dare putat aut

(vs. 33) perspecta ambiguitate alteram tantum notionis ambiguae partem definiturus ita definit, ut non huius naturam solam explicet, sed complecta-

tur quae notionibus reapse

bigiia significentur) sint

diversis

(iis

dico quae voce

am-

communia.
voce ambigua
,

148 b

1 ot5 yccQ scpaQ^uoGeL., h. e. nara nisi

(is

ita

utere-

tur d SQCJtav

qui thesin probare vult)

ac

si

non esset

ambigua, definitio quam propositurus est notioni definiendae

non conveniret.
148 b 10 Si non convenerit inter disputantes, utrura arabiguum sit id quod definiatur an non sit, qui definitionem impugnat interdum notionem definitara, quamvis revera uno semper et

eodem sensu
tionem
neget.
in

dicatur, arabiguam esse dicit, ut propositam definiomnia quae notioni definitae subiecta sint, quadrare Quod si quis fecit, videndum est, num definitio eius

partis rei definiendae, cui ille definitionem antea propositam

convenire negat (nara

erit),

proponenda arabiguam esse contendit apta sit nam si his convenit, notionem definitam ambiguam non esse apparet. Sin autem ne sic quidem notionem definitam non ambiguam esse concedatur, duae eiusdem rei definitiones erunt, quod absurdum est: namque
alia huius partis definitio etiam reliquis partibus notionis quam
:

iara

ille

Topica.
iina
,

505

quam ab

initio

nem

esse dixit adversarius

notionis

propositam notionis ambi^iae definitio, aitera, quam deinceps prolatam

partibxis

singulis

definiendae

convenire adversarius

tencndum est, quod notio ex partibus reapse diversis b c d e... constet, si vero non sit ambigua ((Jui/ajvv^og), ex parsi ambigua sit tibus homogeneis a a a d".
ipse concessit.

Ut

intelligantur quae divimus,

Cap. 11. Deinde videndum est., num quae coniuncta definita sint etiam singula recte definiantur definitione partita,

33

num

compositi talis facta

sit

sit

definitio^

ut totidem verbis

atque id quod definiatur, 149 a 5 imm obscuriori8 num in alius vocabuli locum subbus verbis expressa sit stitutum sit alitid quod non idem significet, 14 num non pro
expressa
,

differentia, sed
tia
sit

substitutum

pro genere aliud vocabulum perspicuitatis grasit^ 29 7iutn definitio differentiae qtiae data

etiam in aliam fiotionem conveniat.

148 b 36 Nostram iectionem etiam Boethius habet et editiones

priores.

149 a

De usu

vocis oddlv v. quae diximus ad 16 b 4.

Vs. 3

^ovov ^Btaka^^avo^isvcov. 149 a 29 Facile inteiligitur loqui adliuc Aristotelem de definide quibus egit inde a 148 b 23: tione tav GvfiTtenXsyiiivcov quare, quod recte monuit lul. Pacius in comm. ad hunc locuui, capiti 11 liaec adiicienda esse, id fecimus. Vs. 30 recepimus quod optimi codices et editiones pieraeque habent.
ouTOJ, h. e. tcbv dvondtcjv
,

Vs. 36 7] sjcitl^r]6ig sCtat {ijyovv sl otux tycavojg dicogiO^BVov eatl tb Jtag ^eOov sxov) T] avXXoyLO^og, ut docuit 35. vs. 33

Cap. 12.
id vero

Quaerendttm est., num existat qtiod definiatur, quod definitione exprimattir existere neqtieat , b 4
.,

stituerit, ut id

ita eam conntim qui definitionem notionis relatae dederit ad qtiod referatur notio definieuda latius iusto
ipsitis,

pateat, 24 ntitn non rei

posita
si
sit^

sed rei perfectae definitio prosit.,

31

num quod per

se appetatur ita definitum

ac

propter aliud appeteretur.

trjv d7c6do6LV

149 b 13 xata 6v(i^B^}]ndg

noiov^svog' xata 6vp,-

^B^tjAbg yccQ dnodidcoOL tb ngog tc 6 nXeico nsQLXa^cov ^ n^bg ti ksystaL xal iirj dLttLQav. Quod dedimus vs. 11 et Boe-

506

Topica.
Aitera lectio ex eo nata 18 habetur dTtodidovg et dnodida6iv. quaque re praestantissimuin est, id ei maConf.

thius habiiit et editiones pleraeque.

videtur,

quod

vs.

149 b.i? Quod in xime proprium est eiusque naturam maxime exprimit. 143 a 9.

Cap. 13. Ostenditur quomodo redargui possit qui iinam notionem ita dejiniat., ut duas faciat {hoc et illud), 22 vel ita, ut unam quidem faciat , sed es pluribus partibus compositam (hoc ex illis)., b 21 vel ita, ut alii cum alia coniunctae aequalem dicat notionem dejiniejidam {hoc cum illo).

150 a 26 sv evi xlvl

'^VXTJ,
CfAA'

TiicpVKB rco tcqcotc), olov

iq

q)Q6vi]6i,g o{ix

sv

BV XoyL^TlXK TCQOTBQOV.

150 a 30 dXX^ Iv TtXsLodLV. Nam si partes ex quibus definitio componitur sunt ct B quarum altera {A) insit in aitera prima {B) (eKdtBQOV ev SKtttSQCp \s. 28) , haec vero in quacunque alia notione prima, e. g. in C (h. e. sl tb sv x& B

.,

jtQatcp

tione fl et in

nam

noprima inesse deberet (quod absurdum est): notionis definitae eadem semper ratio esse debet atque
Tcai

xoB

sv nQcaxto

xa F),

notio definita (D) et in

definitionis ipsius.

150b31 ^rjdanag
QTj^svcsv

6'

dkrjQsg...,
dkrjd^sg

h.

e. xccta firjdsva

ds tcov

si-

tQOTtav

s6tL

x6 stSQOv

fis^'

stsQov ksydxqotiojv

^svov Iv xa dTtodo&svxL 6ql6^c).

151 al x&v dLaLQsd-evxcov., h.
e.

dLaLQsQ^svxcav

xav

xav

drjlovvxcov 66aiG>g XsysxaL exsQov ^ed' etSQOV. Apparet inde

quae 8LaLQS6Lg intelligenda

151 a 6
stL L...

sit vs. 15.

Etiara

si

quis vitium
ita

quod raodo exposuimus

\it

vitaverit

et

definitionem

constituerit,

utraque notio,

ex quibus coniunctis notionera definitam constare dixerit adversarius, ad idem referatur, vel sic taraen definitio proposita falsa esse potest: nam non satis est, ut ad idera referantur,
nisi

etiam ad id relata sint ad quod proprie referatur notio

definita.

Cap, 14. Quaerendum est., num qui rem dejiniendam compositionem diserit, non adiecerit qualem compositionem, .32 7mm per alterum contrarium deflniverit id quod utrumque in se suscipiat. b 3 Definitio obscurior aut ita impugnanda est , ut partem eius aggrediaris (7), aut ita., ut explices quae obscura

Topica.
sint^ (12) nisi ipse

507

nique semper utile

aliam definitionem proponere scias. 18 Deest ipsum secum reputantem definitionem

cur caro et os non recte de-

componere.
151 a 29 Aliiid argumentum
afFert,

iiniantur per compositionem.

Vs

.'15

enSLdrj in

utraque ed.
in

Bkki

mendum

est,

quod e diversa lectione apparet quae

maiore adiecta est. 151 b 10 t6 Bxlap,^av6pBvov , id quod adversarius substituere vuit in locum eius quod obscurura est.
Lib. VII. cap. 1. I)uo numero eadem esse demonstratur per casus per ea quae quo modo cunque a vo.ce derivantur^ per contraria, per ea quae remvel efficiunt vel perdunt^ 152 a 5 deinde si quibus allerum masime praestat , iisdem etiam alterum, 31 si eidem utrumque aequale est., 33 si accideiitia sunt eadem^ 38 si utrumque in eadem categoria, in eodem genere est et eandem differentiam habet , b6 si et utrumque augetur et minuitur et simul, 10 si eadem vel accessione vel deminutione facta utrumque aequale est. 11 Deinde quaerendum., num inter se pugnent quae hypothesi facta utriusque sint consequentia., 25 num etiam de altero praedicentur quaecunque de cdtero., 30 num specie vel genere sint eadem., non numero, 34 num alterum sine altero esse possit.
.,

151 b 29

llByBxo., v.

103 a 23 sqq.

Ad

definitionem irapugnaniis

dara pertinere quae hoc iibro tradantur apparet ex

quae

habuiraus 102 a

8.

152 a 3

a-uxciv

negligentius

dixiraus

ad 12b29.

adiectum est: de quo quidem usu

Vs. 5 et 6

Quum

genitivi

av

(li.

e. bX

xivav) et xav avxav xovxcov non tara pendeant a pronoraine QdxBQOV quara a superlativo ndkiOxa (quod facile inteiligitur ex exeraplo quod sequitur), apparet cur non probanda sit le-

6 videtur iegisse avxav oraisso articulo Nara sententia haec est. Si maxirae dicitur C nuraero idem est quod B., quorura e. g. albura eorundera etiara B raaxirae albura esse debet. , 152 a 21 Exspectabas coll. vs. 11 ut diceret ov yag Blg aQi^^a
ctio Boethii

qui

vs.

et pronoraine deraonstrativo.

6 aLQBxaxaxog ^iog.
et

Lectionera

quam

vs.

15 et 28 habent

codd. Ccu ex interpretatione natam esse apparet.

Vs. 33

b26 xavxa

inteiligit

quae eadera esse ponuntur.

si

152 b 32 Buhlius ineptiim iudicavit,

adiiciatur ^

ovx

IvdBXBxai.,

506

Topica.

etiam numero eaVerura quidem hoc, at ioci sententia haec Quaerendum est, num quae numero eadem dicantur, est. non numero, sed non nisi specie vel genere sint eadem. Nam quae genere vel specie eadem sunt, ea aut non necesse est
quia qiiae specie vel genere sint eadem,

dem

esse possint.

mimero semper eadem

tur

esse aut interdum certe, si sumanea quae proprie dicuntur specie tantum vel genere ea-

dem

esse (veiut

homo

et

equus)

etiam nuraero eadera esse

omnino nequeunt. Unde apparet haec quidem bene liabere, omittendam vero fuisse particulam xal quam vs. 30 Bkkus
adiecit. Hanc igitur, quam etiam vet. intp. omisit et Boetliius, delevimus, praesertim quum probabile sit ex sequente xa&' eam ortam esse per scribentis errorem.

Cap. 2. Loci qiios modo habuimtis omnes ad evertendam, non ad construendam defmitionem conducunt.
15-3 a

4 Verba tk dkXa ndvta respicere videntur ad ea quae

dixit 1.39 a

27 35.

Quomodo defmitio cogi possit ostenditur, 23 quogenus et differentia ex contrariis eliciantur^ ut dejinitio ipsa ex contrarii defmitione conficiatur , b 25 quomodo casibus et iis quae alio quocunque modo derivefitur utendum sit ad definilionem componendam, 36 quomodo iis utendum sit quae eandem inter se ratio?iem habeant.i 154 a 4 quomodo aliarum definilionum comparatio ad definitionem formandam conferat.
Cap. 3.
et

modo

153 a 9 t6 TOiOvtov., h. e. tbv oqov. exempia coliegiraus ad 4b4.

Simiiia generis neutrius

153 a 11
post.

dXXijs., tijg
II5

13.

dvakvtLxrjg.
ait.

Cf. vs. 24, nbi respicit

ad Anal.

Vs. 16
est,

xa/,

quod etiam

in versione Boethii

et vet. intp. omissura est, deievimus.

tius

bti vs.

20 negllgensit cog.

additura

quum

vs.

18 iam adiectura
cf.

Idem

quae diximus ad 12b29 sub fin. Simiiia notavimus ad 24a7, 2lb29 et ad 14b.30, quibuscum cf. repetitionem particulae xal quam habuimus 9lb23 sq. , particulae dv 140 b.36, particulae fihv 91b28. 153 a 30 Ex coniugationibus contrariorum, quas habuimus lib. 11. c. 7, ea seligenda est, qua si utimur ad definitionem consti-

habuimus 47 b 8, de quo loco

tuendam,
q^av^
vs.

quam

facillime
i).

definitio

nobis

concedatur:

nam

31 est cpavEQog

Topica.
153 a 26 Primum,
potest,
ait,

509

totam definitionem veram esse ita probari quod rei definiendae contrarium sit etiam contrariam esse definitionem doceamus. Deinde (vs. 32) etiam
ut
eius
ita,

ut singulas eius partes recte constitutas esse demonstre-

raus

153 b 4

eodem utentes argumento, quod a contrariis repetitur. Non necesse est contrarias species, quae non eidem gesed contrariis, contrarias habere diffe:

neri subiectae sint,

rentias

namque species, quarum genera contraria sunt, ambae etiam eandem differentiajn habere possunt, qnod exemplo iustitiae et iniustitiae probatur.

Monendum

est,

quod

quae leguntur vs. 6 quodammodo opponi sensu liaud multum ta ccvroi yivH idem
ve6i,

v
ab

df

. .

videantur
iis

iis

quamvis per particulam ds quae praecesserunt, tamen

differunt:
si

nam quod

dixit

{irj

sv

fere est, ac

dixisset iv IvavxLOLg ysinsint aut in con-

quum

contraria aut in

eodem genere

trariis (vs.

16

sq.).

153b21 at dh
trariae

XoiJtal al aixai.

Nam

si

definiuntur species con-

quae eidem generi subiectae sunt, quaedam certe differentiae contrariae esse debebunt, quamquam aliae eaedem esse possunt. Etenim si cum summo genere coniungimtur differentiae contrariae, inde nascuntur genera inferiora inter se contraria sive

differentiae

anonyma eaedem esse possunt.

loci

sive nominata,

quorum

Cap. 4.

Qui

maxime

sint utiles.

154 a 17 reduximus lectionem ta xaO^ sxa6ta., et pleraeque edd. prr. habent.

Cap. 5.
tur.

quam

et codd.

Cur facilius

definitio

evertatur

quam

construa-

b 13 Idem etiam de proprietate (24) et de genere dicendum est. 32 Accide^is., si universale est., facilius evertitur (36),
probatur.

si particvlare, facilius

155 a 3 Definitio omniuin fa-

cillima est
reliquis

ad evertendum., difficillima ad comprobandum., 23 e 28 Aecidens vero omnium diffiomnibus proprietas.

practer genus et differentias Inveniuntur quaerei definiendae

cillime evertitur, facillime probatur.

154 a 29

Nam
alia

si

dam

quae cwxn

natura necessario coniimdifferentiis

cta sunt, definitioni propositae

quae e genere et

constructa est aiiquid deesse videbitur, ut dubitari possit,

definitio

num

probanda

sit.

Nam

ut definitio cogatur,

praeterea

510

Topica.
17), ut

etiam necesse est (quod dixit 153 a

et diiFerentias solas

concedatur genus
naturam.

exprimere vei'am

rei definiendae

154 a 34 TtQog Eva^ intelligendura videtur 6vXloyt0^6v,

quum de

cogenda definitione sermo fuerit in antecedentibus. 154 b 5 ^IO negligentius scripta sunt. Nam primum quidem (quod Buhlius recte aniraadvertit) vs. 7 pro rti^^g scribendum

erat cddtvos-

nam

qui

de aliqxio eorum de quibus notio

definienda praedicetur definitionem ipsam non praedicari do-

dvaGnsvdnon potest, quum non imiversam definitionem, sed unam quandam eius partem refutet: quare aut dicendum erat
cet,
is

definitionera universam evertere (xaQ^olov

^Siv) dici

jcar'

ovdsvos

cov

omissa

voce

o?5 vs.

8 aut xwO''

av

servata

negatione, quod ita intelligi posset, ut xa^' cov dictura esset

pro Tiata Ttdvrav av, Deinde etiara quae sequuntur plures habent difficultates. Nara ut sensus exiret huic loco conveniens, scribendum crat t6 6' dvdjtaXiv ovx dvayxalov, t6
8sli,aL

ott xaO^'

av

6 X6yog natriyoQsltai toi)vo^a o^ aatr]-

Et haec ultima quidem non recte expressa esse nam quod bene observavit Alexander (schol. 291 b 18 sqq.) toijvo^a xatf]yoQSitai.i quaraquam ex conlegitur vs. 9 otc versione natum est eius quod habuimus vs. 7 oti .od aatrjyoQSitai., tamen huic loco non convenit; apparet enira conyoQsltai,.
:
. .

versionera

fieri

debuisse qualera

modo

indicavimus.

Deinde

verba ^Qds tb Ssi^ai, jrp6g tb dvaQKSvdt.fiv (quod durius dictum

nisi ita interpretari velis, ut significent

.^

ovx cjQi6tai Nara nemo certe erit qui particulam oti cnm verbo Ssl^ai coniungendara putet, quura verbis OTt xaO'' djv explicari appareat id quod
est),

h. e. TCQbg tb dsl^ai oti

sensum non habent.

raodo praecessit, t6 dvditakiv.

expositis erit fortasse

Quibus quidem difficultatibus

qui

qui invitis codicibus,

vs.

cum

Boethii

versione conspirant (vet. intp. autem

7 sq. eara lectionera

praebet quara Buhlius recipiendara putavit) aut mutanda esse censeat ea quae non recte expressa esse modo exposuimus

manu intrusa putet quae leguntur vs. 5 yiaQoXov 10 xai. Nos quidem Aristotelis in scribendo negligentiae lioc tribuere non dubitavimus.
aut aliena

154 b 16 sv GvintXonri. Proprietas rei, ait, non soia definiri solet, sed ita, ut qui proprietatera rei constituat siraul eius definitionera

plerumque

velit

proponere.

Vs. 23 Xsystai. In-

dicativi praesentis similia

exempla dedimus ad 32aI7.

Topica.
134 b 29 dedimiis
firjSsvl^

511

r) tivl ^ TcavrL Vulgo pro navri scribitur quod etiam Boethius Iiabuit, quamquara vet. intp. rj Nostram lectionem veram esse facile intelligitur, firj navti. quuni ixrjdsvi ab iis profectum esse appareat qui negationem praecedentem cum Tcavti coniungendam esse non viderent et quod hic iegeretur simile esse debere putarent iis quae habuimus vs. 26. Id vero quod dedit Bkkus ^rj navti non defendi potest nisi ita, ut ^ir] rcavtl vicdQiHv idem significet quod Quod cur non fetivi firj vnaQXHv quod modo praecessit. rendum sit facile inteliigitur e vs. 25 et 26. 155 a 4 Definitio quum piures habeat partes quara genus, pro-

prietas et accidens,
sint quara in reliquis

et in iila constituenda piura

observanda
faciiius

(quod docuit

lib.

VI.

init.)

imqui

puffnatur quara reliqua.

155 a 22
Vs.

y.al tovto meminerit quae

2-^

Haec expresse addi non mirabitur

et

habuimus 139 bl

quae

ibi

diximus.

toiovtov., intell. xalszcotatov zataCxsvd^SLV.

Lib. VIII. cap. 1.

Qmd

in hoc libro agatur. 7

Quid phi-

losopho

commune

sit

cum

dialectico, quid non.

17 Distinguun-

tur propositiones quae non necessariae disputantibus assumun-

29 Quae necessariae sunt maxime occultari debent et 156 a 9 Co?iclusiones vero non statim.^ sed postremo conficiendae sunt., 23 neque propositiones continuae sutur.

aliunde cogi.

mendae ; 27 defmitionon

ita proponenda est., ut statim definiatur quod velimus, sed id a qiio notio defnienda derivetur. b 4 Occultandum, utrum per se an propter aliud concedi velis quod 10 quaeras., item utrum affirmari an negari vetis. rerum similitudine propositio quam concedi vis elicienda est. 18 Traduntur alia quaedam quibus dissimulare possis quod evincere velis. 157a6 Inductione et divisione ad ornandam^ (14) exemplis et simililudine ad illustrandam orationem utimur.

155 b 17
cas

De

locis,

unde petenda

quod

velis {ai
est,

sint argumenta ex quibus evindvayxaiaL TCQOtdosig) , egit lib. II VII.

Reliquura
cessaria

ut etiara ea exponat, quae,

quamquam non

ne-

sint

ad probandura quod
et apte

veiis,

ut disputatio

instituatur

et rite

tamen requiruntur, procedat. Quid

Xoyov expiicat 157 a 6 sqq. 155 b 27 Eas propositiones quas non sumimus, nisi ut occuitedicat vs. 32 oyxov tov

512
miis

Topica.
quod conficere velimus, certandi causa proponimus. etiam his utendum est, quoniam ars dialectica omnis
quod

Namque

in eo versatur, ut convincatur adversarius.

155 b 30 adiecimus wdrdg

Iianc

quum sensum
,

turbare videa-

tur, a scribentibus consilio omissum esse probabile est.

Cur
quae

vocem adiiciendam putaveriraus

apparebit ex

iis

coilegimus ad

12b29

et

ad 52a29.

156 a

Propositiones nccessariae vei syliogismo vel inductionc

conficiendae sunt, tum quia sic magis occultatur quod cogere

si per syllogismum vel per inductioprobare non valeamus, nihil prohiIIoc enim semper nobis relinbet, quin ipsas proponamus. quitur, si illud efficere non possimus. Vs. 3 xccg Ttaga tavtag sigrjfiivag intelligit tag otux dvayxalag v. 155 b 21.

velimus,

tum etiam

quia,

nem

{sTisivag vs. 2) eas

Vs. 5 Praepositionis omissae exeniplav. quae dedimus ad.3bl3.

156

10 dedimus tavta pro Tavrag,

speciera habet.

quod alienae correctionis Idem habemus 158^3, ubi Taiyra intelligit rag

dgxdg. Cf. quae diximus ad 4 b 4 et ad 48 b 34. 156 a 20 Singula membra (propositiones) ex quibus componitur syllogismus , per quem conficimus quod evincere volumus, quam maxime occultantur, si non ea ipsa proponamus ex qui-

bus continuo consequatur quod probare veliraus, sed ea ex quibus illa suspensa sint. 6 6vXkoyL6fidg hic significat ipsam ratiocinationem , per quam conclusio ad quam tendimus efficiX7]^^dt(ov (vs. 21) et d^icj^dtav (vs. 23) nullum distur. criraen est in arte dialectica, quippe quae non quoraodo veritatera investigare debeamus nos doceat, sed quomodo refellaraus adversarium.

Vs. 31Boe156 a 29 Articulura tov ex optt. codd. adieciraus. thius oraisit verba dia (paLVO[ivr]V dhyoaQiav. In cod. GueldXLyoQiav omissa esse pherb. et a vet. intp. verba Irjq^&eLrj Buhlius refert, quod per scribentis errorera factura esse apSiraul patet in exemplaribus , ex quibus cod. Guelparet. pherb. descriptus sit et quae ante oculos habuerit vet. intp., non defuisse quae Boethius omisit, quum explicari vix posset, quomodo illa excidere potuerint, nisi praecessissent verba
.

dia q)aLvo^k>f]V dkLycoQiav.

156 b 30 Exspectabas ut diceret ac si praecessisset dioti.

EtA^gjQ^at,

sed scripsit

sXXrintai.^

Topica.

513

De inductione quae iti disputando adhibeatur. Cai). 2. 34 Quando postulandum sit., ut proferatur obiectio., (37) et quomodo proferatur b2 quomodo ei occurrendum (24) vel quomodo depellenda sit. b 34 Demonstratio recta praestat ei quae
.,

ad absurdum deducit. 158 a 3 Proponenda sunt ea quibtis occurrere difficile sit. 1 Conclusio ut concedatur non peti debet. sed cogi. 14 Non omnis propositio universalis est dialectica propositio.

25 Idem non plus semel interrogari debet.

respicere yidetur ad ea quae habiiimiis 105 a 16:
,

l5Ta20

ElLQTjtat

quare vs. 21 lectio rovtov quam ex optt. codd. recepimus, huic loco magis convenire videtur quam rovtcov. Nam illa
ita

interpretanda est, ut dicat se prius iam exposuisse cur

sit

syllogismo utendum
ctione ei

ei qui

cum

diaiecticis disputet, indu-

qui vulgo aliquid persuadere velit;

liaec vero ita,

ut dicat de syliogismo et inductione se egisse in antecedentibus.

Vs. 25 lectionem optiraornm codicum,

quam etiam

editiones excepta Paciana fere

omnes praebent, reduximus.

propositionem imiversalem,
velit-

151

a 21

In

aliis

quidem
aiiis

facile est

quara quis per inductionera probare

exprimere et ut consimilitudine ex-

cedatur petere, in
peditur,

vero

qui inductionem facit eo im-

quod

id

quod

singulis rebus.
efficitur,

quarum

posita propositio

universalis

comraime est noraine

caret. Quod ubi fit, de similitudine ipsa facile fallimur. 157 a 37 Postulandum est autem ab eo qui occurrere velit thesi propositae, ut eam rcm, de qua ipsa disputetur, solam non excipiat de lege universa, cui similia orania adstricta esse inductione facta probatur, nisi si revera una sit et sola, cuius

exceptio facienda

sit.

Nam

qui

eam rem

solara

excipit

qua certatur

dicis

causa exceptionera proferre videtur,

cogatur.

de ne
1)

propositionera iiniversalem concedere

ei qui excipiat aut aliud

Quare (b

quid praeter id de quo certetur de

lege Tiniversa excipiendum esse

ita

docendum

comparatum

esse, ut excipiendura sit; veluti

narius solus est parium primus, reliqui

hoc solum numerus bivero pares numeri

erit aut

omnes non
I.

prirai.

157 b 6 De particula ovv

p.

et

aliis

in

apodosi adiectis diximus

336.

157 b 23 Exeraplo docet, quoraodo non solum id ipsum quod ab adversario excipiatur (vyisia xal voCog) iam in thesi ipsa de regula quae proponatur eximendimi sit, sed simui etiam
II.

33

514

Topica.
similis

quaecunque

reprehensionis ansam praebere

possint.

Namque

quod excipitur quam maxime generatim atque universe expriraendum est, ne alio exemplo eiusdem generis allato eandem exceptionem repetat adversarius. Quare quod thesi adiicitur vs. 23 non sic expressit sav ^rj ^dreQOV vyUia 7} %dxsQOv 8& vd(5og, sed universe iav (xt] 6vvS7ti,q)SQy &drEQOV &dtEQOV. At, ait vs. 24, non semper exspectandum est donec adversarius exceptionem faciat, sed etiam si simpliciter neget quod proponaraus, quaraquam aliquid certi nondum habeat quod obiiciat, sed praevideat tantum esse aliquid quod de regula, quam nobis concedi veliraus, excipiendum sit, imo propositioni universaii quam defendiraus statim ab initio id ipsi addere debemus quod excipiendum est, ne adverin tliesi ipsa
:

sario exceptionis faciendae copia detur.

151 b 36 ovdev diacpsQSL.

I. c.

Aliter

de hac re
possit,
satis

statuit Anai. post.

26, imde haud scio an

scriberet,

elici

quod

Aristoteies,

quum Topica

nondum

perspectam habuerit
rauta-

veram deraonstrationis et syllogismi naturara. ]58all Ex coniectura scripsiraus ow pro o tt. Eandem
tionem fecimus 46 a 37.

Nara non iis , qui non videant quid ex propositionibus concessis consequatur, non convinci videtur adversarius, sed iis qui flon videant id revera ex iis cogi quod ilie coactum esse neget. Opponuntur enim verba ort h. e. ort tog aAi^O^wg STCsrai., ei quod dixit vs. 9, Cv^fiaivsi, ut sententia loci sit haec: ot) TG) ag 6v(iPalvov SJiKpSQSLV
, ,

8o'jiov6iv sXsyxsdd^at roigfirj 6vvoQcb6tv

vov

STitcpSQSrai rb 6v(iTCSQa6(ia s%

on ov (lovov ag 6vii,^airav rsQ^svrav dlX on xat fog

dkrj&ag 6v(i^a[vsi. Siquisautem, addit vs. 11, nespecieraquidera syllogismi servet, sed petat ut concedatur id quod cogere debet, adversarius vero neget,

minime eum convicisse videbitur.

v. lib.
I.

158 a 14 158 a 29

De
si

propositlone dialectica
(irj

c.

10.

81

djioxQiVO^isvov sva Xoyov

siitrt^iq:
r}

noXvv xQovov
'

SQCora,

xaxag nvv^dvsrat, on ovx

yccQ roTg
{ir]

^ dcpiGrarai

STttrifir^rsov

djtoxQtvoptsvoig

okcog dnoOrarsov.

Cap.

'6.

Principia et extrema difficilia sunt ad impugnan-

dum
sint

pugnandum quae

ad defendendum. b 5 Difficilia etiam ad imprincipio proxima sunt. 8 Quae definitiones difficillimae ad evertendum. 16 Quibus difficultatibus imfacilia

pediri soleat qui adversarii thesin refellat.

24

Haud

raro

Topica.
difjicultas in eo est
y

515

quod

dejinitio

non recte constituta

est.

159 a 3 Nu7n concedenda sint ea quae problemate ipso

liora sint.

difjici-

158 a 35 ^, h.

e.

8t ^t] dta TtolXav.

158 a 38

Quamquam

aiitem

omnis demonstratio

deiinitione

tamen qui thesin aiterius impugnant saepissime in eo peccant, quod neque postulant definitionem rei de qua disputatur, si non data sit, neque datam exactissimo
proficisci debet,

iudicio examinant.

158 b 8 tavttt

intelligit

tag dgxds., sicut

vs. 3.

Vs. 20 tQOipsa

Ttav et Boetliius liabet et codices omnes.

158 b 13 dia 6e tb.

in

.,

quia non intelligitur

num metaphora
nam

causa

sit,

quod
vitii

definitio sit obscura.

Praepositionis Ttaga
verbis

ea vis est, ut

notionem adiunctam habeat:

naga

tb y,ata nttacpOQav kkytQ^ai

;

definitionem falsam esse

cf. 41bIT, 48 al et 24, significatur, quia metaphora utatur 49 b 33, 66 a 16, 1404 b 38, 160 b 24, 35. 164 a 19, 168 b 6 naQa tovto., i. e. hoc vitio, quod eos iatet, decepti: quiquidemusus ioquendi frequentissimus est in Sopb.Elench. (Top. IX.), quamquaiu aliis locis (v. e. g. 62 a 4 et 162 a 33) naQa idem plane significat quod 8id (cf. Trdlbg. de an. p. 398). Aiium eiusdem praepositionis usum liabemus 602 a 13 6v^q)iQi dh tolg xoQa-

Kivoig cog siitBiV naQcc tovg dXKovg l%^vg (plus

piscibus)

quam

reliquis

1315 a 15 ETt 8s. ta adx^codr] fidlkov tav Itav. TtaQCi ndGag 8s (prae ceteris nd6tjg ^ev v^QSCog 6l'py(J9"at autem) 8voiV. 470 b 16 noXvv %q6vov iv tolg v8a6i 8vvav,

tai 8iansviv TtUQa typ tov Gco^atog loxvv

(quamquam

cor-

pus ipsum non 335 b

l

satis

validum

sit,

ut sub aqua manere possint).

^rj Sivai,

tovtcov 8 td ^v d8vvatov
/tr;

td 8e d8vvatov

elvai ^id t6

v8X^^tti TtaQa tb dvayxalov dkkcog sxeiv.

158 b 31 Linea quae est parallelos lateri paralleiogrammatis ita secat latus ipsum et aream. ut lateris et areae partes eanQuod ut probetur, definidera inter se rationem habeant. tione opus est eius quod dicitur dvdkoyov (tou a^dtoif Xoyov ! vs. 35) nam si eandem rationem habent quae ita comparata sunt, ut quot partes ab uno demantur totidem siraul etiam deraantur ab altero , latus et aream eadem ratione secari ex
:

liac ipsa definitione inteliigitur.

158 b 38 Datis elementorura definitionibus facillime demonstrantur prima , quae continuo ex his definitionibus derivantur et

33*

516
consequuntiir.
lura

Topica.
Eleraenta geometrica hic dicit lineam, circu-

Eundera sensum hahuimus 14a39, quae diximus. 159 al Sicut in rcbus geometricis est, ita etiara in rebus diaiecticis se habet. Item atque hoc loco 11 a.5 (xsql Toi^g 16et
alia

huiusmodi.

ubi

cf.

yovg) ea quorum non certara quandara disciplinara liabemua et de quibus disputare soiemus opponuntur iis de quibus dubitari

non

licet,

quura certa eorum scientia constituta

sit,

sicut raatliematicorura.

159 a.3 Quura dixerit de difficultatibus quibus teneri soleant qui

adversariura convincere velint,
iara quaerit, nura adversario

^ 7tQ6ra6iv) ipsum de quo disputetur. Nam si illud non concediraus, iniqui esse videbiraur in adversariura, quippe a quo postuleraus, ut probet quod ipsa
sit,

concedendura

si

quid

sibi dari velit (a^tcajua

quod etiam

difficilius sit

quam

id

thesi difficilius sit;

si
,

concediraus, faciliora

e difficilioribus

adversarius
faciiioribus

eliciet

quaraquara secundura rerura naturara e

difficiliora

semper
est,

intelligi

et

probari debent.

Tollitur difficuitas eo, quod discenti quidem a facilioribus ad

difficiiiora

progrediendum
cuius causa

disputanti vero

dandum

est

adversario quodcunque
facilius
(vs. 13)

verum videtur

sive difficilius est sive

eo

disputatio instituitur:

unde apparet

velit

postuiandum non esse, ut eadem ponat et sibi concedi qui impugnet quod adversarius proposuerit et qui alium

doceat.

Cap.

4.

J)e officio interrogantis et respondentis.

159 a 18 Qui thesin irapugnat (6 iQCOtSiv) efficere debet, xit adversarius quam raaxirae absurda contendere cogatur, quae consequentia sint eius quod defendat, ei vero qui tliesin defendit (xSt dnoKQLVo^ivai) id agendura est, ut doceat non propter vitiura a se adraissum concedenda esse ea quae absurda dicat adversarius, sed necessario haec confici e thesi quara defendat. Nara a respondente peccatura est, si thesin male defendit; si vero thesis ipsa falsa est, id respondenti vitio verti non poterit. Etenira peccavit quidem, etiam si

defendendum sibi proposuit quod falsura est, at certe in spondendo non peccavit, sed alio raodo: peccavit enim quod ab initio sumsit pro vero quod faisum est.

reeo,

Topica.
Cap.
docere,
5.

517

^iiam

in disputatido ratiotiem adhibere debet qtii

aliatii qtii

viticerevult, aliam detiique qui itireminquirit.

est

38 Thesis aut probabilis

atit

aut improbabilis aut neutra., ut qui

thesin refutet cogi debeat vice versa aut quod improbabile sit

probabile aut neulrum.

^

b8 ^uae dare
qtii

debeat qui thesin

improbabiletn defetidat

16 quae

probabiletn
sit

neutram.
probabile

25 Quomodo defendendtttti

qtiod

20 qtiae qtii non simpliciter

.,

sit vel improbabile. 28 Quomodo aliena sententia defendenda sit. 159 a 25 liiH 8'... Orationis anacoluthi apodosin habemus vs. 37. Ea antem quae leg:imus vs. 25 sic supplere licebit: btieI 8'

l6tlv d^LOQLGxa xa thqI dTCOTCQLGecog, h.

GxccL

e. tTiEl 8'

ovxexL aQL-

TcaQa

xav
iis

tcqoxeqov yQatl^dvxav tceql xovxav xivcav 6xo..

Xccdxsov xal XLva 8oxeov xoig yv^vaGiag.

(coll. vs.

34

sq.).

159a38 lam

qui sine studio disputant, nt rei de qua disse-

rant naturam perscrutentur et expiorent, liaec ratio ineunda

est. Alter defendit thesin sive per se et simpiiciter omnibns probabilem vel improbabilem vei neque probabilem neque improbabilem sive thesin non simpliciter, sed non nisi alicui probabilem vel improbabilem vel neutram: namque iam non refert ntrum thesis simpiiciter et omnibus sit probabilis an non sit {otcoGovv b 2) nam qui respondet eadem concedere et non concedere debet, sivie huic sive illi est probabilis sive etiam omnibus. Apparet autem adversario qui pro:

babilem thesin refellat cogendum esse id quod iraprobabile sit, ei vero qui improbabilem refutet id quod probabile sit. lam igitur ut apte disputetur. qui thesin simpliciter improbabilem defendit (vs. 9) non dare debet nisi ea ex quibus rite convinci possit. h. e. non nisi ea ex quibns cogi possit quod

bene calne concedit qnidem adversario ea ex quibus nnllo modo cogi posse appareat quod ille velit): quare neque dare debet quae snnt simpiiciter improbabiha neque quae minus probabilia sunt quam id quod cogere debet adversarius: nam si quae adsimpliciter sit probabile (nara qui disserendi artera
let, is, qnura disputat ut rei naturara exploret,

versario darentur simpliciter improbabilia essent, thesin re-

futare non posset, quia ut refutaret cogere deberet qnod probabile esset; sin autem quae darentur rainusprobabilia essent

quara

id

omni syllogismo ab

quod cogere debet, non recte refutaret, quia in iis quae probabihora simt et notiora pro-

518

Topica.

bilia.

cedendum est ad ea qiiae minus nota sunt et minus probaNotandum est, quod t6 xsl^svov vs. 10 thesin, t6

nQOXEL^svov vs. 14 vero id significat quod cogere vult qui eam evertere studet (t6 6vpL7tEQa6^cc). Si vero (vs. 16) thesis probabiiis est, improbabiie esse debet quod ab adversario cogitur quare quum semper danda sint quaecunque

probabiliora sint et notiora

quam

conclusio ipsa, concedenda

erunt et qiiae per se probabilia sunt et quae minus improbabiiia qiiam id quod iile cogere debet. 159 b 23 oikco yccQ., h. e. ovtcj yccQ e^ svdo^otEQCOv xal yvcoQiflCOTEQaV t6 TCQO^Xrj&EV (JV/i^7^0Tat d7todELiivv6d^ai.
TTjv

Vs. 25 6vyxQt6LV dicit comparationem corum quae a nobis con-

cedi sibi vult adversarius

cum

iis

quae simpliciter vel non simpli:

citer sunt probabilia et improbabilia

namque

si tliesis

quam

defendimus est simpliciter improbabilis, dare debemus quae simpliciter probabilia sunt; sin autem non simpiiciter, sed non nisi alicui improbabilis sit, dare debemus non quae simpliciter probabilia sint, sed quae eidem probabilia videantur. 159 b 34 Idem faciunt qui quod alius proposuit defendendum suscipivmt: ponunt enim omnia quae ab illo ad tliesin defendendam prolatum iri putant.

Cap

6.

De

concedendis

et

recusandis

iis

qtiae

ad rem

pertifieant et qiiae non.

160 a 7 Gv^^aivEiv., intell. id quod cogere velit adversarius t6 Vs. 11 oddlv do^Ei... quod responekEyxEd&at, t^v &E6iV. dentis officium esse dixit 159 a 21. Vs. 12 tcqooq&v, intell.
,

t6 Cv^^alvov E^ a-dtav.

Cap.

1.

sarius dicat obscurum

Quid respondenti faciendum sit vel ambiguum.

sit

si

quod adver-

160 a24 Priori particulae |[ii/ respondet de quod habemus vs. 29. Si ambiguitatem eiiis quod adversarius dixitperspicimus, quod ambigue dicitur concedendum est, si quod de notione ambigua dicatur utrovis sensu admisso veriim sit; si vero falsum sit quod adversarius dicat , si altera notionis ambiguae significatio sumatur, verum autem, si altera, indicandum est quo sensu recte dici possit quod ille contendat, quo sensu faisum sit.

Topica.
Cap. 8.

519

Dicis causa contradicit qui neque habet quod in-

ductioni faclae obiiciat neque utide probet contrariuvu

160 a 35 Oratio dva'X,6Xov%og est: nam in apodosi particula ot)i/ additur^vs. 39, de qua v. quae diximus 1. p. 336. Quum omnis propositio quam adversarius proponat aut per se ipsa ad thesin refellendam ntilis sit aut eius causa sumatur quod, si ex ea eliciatur. ad iilam refutandam conducat apparet autera non per se. sed propter alia sumi singuia ev quoruui simiiitudine propositio universalis derivetur , is qui respondet singuia quidem concedere potest , quamquam contra propositionem universalem quae inde derivetur exceptionem facere debet. Quam si non in promptu habet, dicis causa contradi-

cere videbitur.

160 b 3 recepimus lectionem qpaivo^cvov, quam praestare facile intelligitur. Eandem habet vet. intp. Quod Aristoteies dicit est hoc. Si in muitis singulis rebus conspicuum est id quod per inductionem universale facere vult adversarius ... Item vs. 8 et 10 optimos codices in lectione conslituenda secuti sumus. Ne quis vs. 10 lvL6Ta6%ai pro svGraCiv scribendum putet, quia sequatur infinitivus dvteMXHQslv, conferat

qua6 Ixaberaus
tijg

167 a.5,
Tial

ubi

simiiiter

coniungitur
. .

dia t6

TiaQeyyvg

k&h,Ecog

^iiXQOv dLatpsQeiV

.,

quamquara

utrumque

infinitivo

exprimi poterat dia tb onoiav eivai trjv

.
.

ks^tv %a\ [iiiiQdv diaq)eQSiv

160 b 6 xaitoi.... quamquam ne hoc quidem (intell. ut aliam qua probetur contrariura) ad demonstrationem opponamus solvendam difficultatem, in quam per adversarii demonstratioMonendum est, quod sequente nem inducimur. suffitit. particula yaQ non exponitur causa eorura quae iwoxime antecesserunt, sed docetur quomodo et cur fieri possit, ut argumentationi qua adversarius usus sit aiiam opponere liceat ex qua, quamquam non perspiciatur qua in re peccaverit iile,
,

tamen contrarium verum esse intelligatur namque, ait, non propterea quod Zeno (de cuius argumentis v. Piiys. \I, 9) motum non dari docuit, nihil moveri putamus, \it appareat aiiam demonstrationem dari, quae contrarium verum esse ostendat. Hanc igitur adversario opponere debebit qui non habet imde ipsius argumentationera refellat. Bene coliaererent omnia , si scriptum exstaret xaitoi otljSs tovt' (intell. to
:

dvttvsvsiv

(irj

^s%ovta

dvtSTCixsiQslv) dsl

dvGxoXaivsiv sdtiv.

520
Aliqiiid hiiiusraodi
teles.

Toplca.
certe in

mente habuisse videtur Aristo-

160 b 12 dnoKQLiJig naga Tovg slQr](iBvovg XQOTtovg^ h. e. responsio eius qui neque exceptionem Iiabeat neque demonstratio-

nem

contrarii.
9.

Cap.
bile est

Utile esl disputanti ipsum sectcm reputantem the,

sin et defmitionem sibi proponere

17 id vero quod improba-

non defendere.
sit,

Cap. 10.

factum
hoc non

Si quid falso coactu7n est causa ob qiiam hoc investiganda est. 161 a 1 Quattuor modi sunt qui.,

bus impediri potest,

fit nisi

quomifius cogatur,

13

quamquam optime

detecta erroris causa.

160b29 rb d^iapcc, intell. ro dvaLQb^sv, propositionem minorem, quam vs. 32 significat pronomine xovxo. 161 al Priraum modum, quo irapedire possimus, quorainus conficiatur syllogismus, per quem adversarius thesin refellat, in
antecedentibus exposuit ; secundus est, si, quamquara nos lateat cur faisum sit quod adversarius sumserit, eum reprehendaraus, quod arguraentationera qua
tliesin refutet ad finera perducere nesciat; tertius est, si quae adversario concessa sint {xa i^QG}xr]^Bva) ad thesin redai-guendara non sufficiant, sed si praeter illa etiam alia propositione opus sit quae ut sibi detur adversarius non petiit quare vs. 9 sl ds dvvaxaL ita intelligendum est, ut sit sl ds d^vaxaL /uev, prj yivsxaL 8s o ^ovlsxaL sx xav iqQoxrjpsvav firjdsvbg 7tQ06xs&svxog. Vs. 9 sicut 160 b 24 optiraos codices secuti a Bklti lectione
:

recessiraus.

Cap. 11. Aliud est ipsa argumenta reprehendere aliud reprehendere disputantem qui illis utatur. bl9 Recensentur vitia argumentationis ipsius. 34 Argumentatio quamvis per se reprehendenda s?Y, interdum tamen melior esse non potest ratione habita eius quod probattir. 162 a\2Perratioci?iationem quae aliquid probat quod cum thesi omnino non cohaeret., sed reapse ab ea diversum est thesis non refellitur. 19 l)e pro,
, ,

babilitate

conclusionis.
iis

cogit vel es

24 Peccat qui aliquid per ambages quae non patefaciant qua ratione coactum sit.
est,

161 a 17 Male disputetur necesse

putantis,

primum

si

adversarius nihil concedat

quaraquam sine vitio eorum ex

dis-

quiiis

bus thesis rite

refeili possit:

nam qmim

disputatio et ex

Toplca.
suspensa
sit

521

concedantur et e rationc qna concessis si iile obstinate neget quaecunque liuic utilia esse possint^ bene disputari non posse apparet: niliil enim relictum erit disputanti quara ut illum re ipsa de qua agatur neglecta quo modo cunque redarguere studeat. Deinde (vs. 25) si tbesis vera nobis evertenda est, etiamsi optime disputemus, neque quod verum sit cogere neque omnino bonis argumentis uti licebit nam qui disputat non ex ipsa veritate, sed ex iis quae ab adversario probcntur et concedantur, argumenta petere debet, ut interdum etiam (vs. 30) falsam tliesin falsis argumentis refeliere debeamus, si falsa adqiiae

utatur adversarius,

versario magis probentur

sis

quam

vera.

Quamquam
dispiitanti,

igitur fal-

argumentis mterdum utendum est

est (vs. .33)

tamen caad

vendum
I. c.

ne

argutiis et paralogismis adhibitis

aliena disputationem traducat (cf.

7), ut qui

162 b 8 sqq. et Anal. post.

rem geometricam per argumenta probet quae

saepius accidat,
iit

a georaetria aliena sint.

16lbll Deiude quum

vel

homines

ipsi

secum

reputantes repugnantiam a se adraissara ipsi non perspiciant

non deraonstratum suraant quod probare velint, et pranon posse disputationem in qua aliquid huiusmodi accidat et non disputantis, sed respondentis vitio lioc fieri apparet. Vs. 16 rk filv ov 8i,8ovg^ h. e. ea quidera ex quibus rite redargui possit thesis quam ipse defendat (d dTCOxQLVO^svog) non concedens , dum concedat ea (tcc ds roiavra) quae cura thesi ipsa aperte pugnent vel ea ex
vara non esse

Monendum

quibus per petitionera principii quae dicitur thesis refellatur.

est,

qiiod vs. 17 tolg SQCoraGi

toig diaXsyo^evoig:

nam

inde a vs. 11 exposuit

idem est quod quomodo qui

respondeat interdum solus in causa sit, ut male disputetur, vs. 2 autem indicavit quoraodo fiat, ut qui interroget pravae
sit. Quare quod hic dicit gjavspov ovv... quae proxirae antecesserimt inde a vs. 11 colhgit, sed addit, ut smnraara complectatur eorum quae inde ab ini-

disputationis auctor

non ex
tio

iis

huius capitis disputavit.

161 b 19

gravissima reprehensione ad leviora pergit.

falsis nihil cogat,

Idem
neque

facit 162 b 3 sqq.

Primum reprehendit argumentationera quae

si

ex propositionibus iraprobabilibus vel

si

quid addatur neque

quid dematur,

positionibus improbabilibus vel falsis

tum eam quae ex proaliud quid cogat quam id

522

Topica.

quod debeat, deinde eam qiiae cogat quod debeat, si quid adquod minus probabile sit quam id quod dtmonstretur, (xt \s. 28 explicandi vim habet. Similia dedimus ad 93b26), vel si quid dematur (vs. 30 rra xccvr^ eIvccl, v. quae diximus ad24b 18), deniqueeam quae probabilia ex improbabiiibus vel faciliora ex difficiiioribus coliigat (coll. 159 b 8 et 71b21). 161 b34 lam ostendit aliud esse ipsam argumentationem reprehendere, aliiul reprehendere id quod per eam probetur: nam qui argumentationem repreliendit quatenus confecit quod revera ex ea efficitur, non ipsam repreliendit, sed id quod per eam demonstratur. Quare (vs. 40) arguraentatio quae per se spectata merito reprehenditur , eius quod probari debet raiiciatur

tione liabita interdum laudanda est,

colligeretur

si

ea ex quibus melius

quod probandura erat ab adversario non dantur vel si quod defendimus falsum est, ut non nisi falsis argumentis comprobari possit. Contra argumentatio per se bona vituperanda est probleraatis ratione habita , si id , ad quod difficllia et iraprobabilia argumenta adliibuiraus facile effici
,

poterat e multis argumentis iisque veris et probabilibus.

162 a 5 evrj^av^ h. e. ddo^cov. Nam per se inteliigitur alteram lectionem quam Magentenus comraemorat (v. I. p, 75) reiiciendara esse. Idera dicendura est de lectione quara habuit Alexander 159 a 5 (v. schol. 293 b 24) et de varietate quara in-

294 b 41. Sententia haec est. Qui non cogit meiius argiunentatur quara qui cogit, si hic ex improbabiiibus colligat quod probabile sit, ille vero , ut conficiat quod
dicat schol.

veUt,

non

nisi

probabilibus quibusdam iisque veris proposi-

tionibus ab adversario sibi

non concessis egeat

(cf b 2), qui.

bus ipse nerviis demonstrationis non contineatur. 162 a 9 oiL> dixaiov IjtiTi^av., intell. si propositiones falsae, ex quibus vera conciusio eliciatur (cf. Anal. pr. 11, 2) , ab adversario concedantur et magis ei probentur quara propositiones verae ex quibus idem confici possit. 162 a 12 Si quid, ait, demonstratur et si est alia propositio quae ab eo quod demonstravimus revera diversa est neque ullo raodo cum eo cohaeret, idem syllogismus per quem illud effecimus non simul etiam hanc propositionera deraonstrabit nam eadem demonstratio ab alio ad aliud quod genere di-

versum
ut,
si

est transferri nequit (cf.

b 8 sqq. et Anal. post.

I. c.

1),

quando utrumque per eandem demonstrationem con-

Topica.

523

fectiim esse videatur, hoc non nisi per sophisma factum esse

exLVOV vs. 14, quum omnes codices praeheant habet ,,de ilio" , Boethius .,ex illo") , pro nagcc sxstvov recipere non dubitaviraus. Significatur autem pronomine Bxelvo id quod non confectum est, sed confici debebat, t6 fiijda^Gtg lyipv Tcgbg xo GvpmiQaG^a.
possit.
tcbqI

(vet. intp.

162 a 21 t6 8b
oioir]

f.ir]dBTSoag, h. e.

t6 dsfi^^TS donob] ^ijte ^r] doBXrj

sive t6 ds ^}]ts evdo^ov

^rJT'

ddo^ov.

Vs. 22
fii]

st

nlv
tj

Ofioiag To ^EV doxoit] t6 66 ^-^te doxoir] ^ijtE'

sl

doxoirj,

Sfioiag to fiiv dozoir] to

ds

firj

ofioicog

av

sYr]

evSo^ov xal ddo^ov.

doycoir]

t6 6vfi7tEQa6(itt

\s. 24 Boetliius ,,ad

syllogismos"; vet. iutp. circa orationem".

162 a 26 Veluti
iitraque
sit

praestare, quatenus argumentetur. Idea cuiusque rei naturam maxime exprimit, datur autem vera de idea opinio , quare idea rei naturam melius refert quam
si alii

quis aiiam opinionem

opinio,

demonstraturus

sic

singula quae
rei

eodem nomine

appellantur.

Quum autem

ipsa

natura altiorem graduin admisit, etiam id quod ad eam refertur altiorem gradum liabere debet. Porro idea opinionis,

quae subtilior est et accuratior singulis, vera est. Posuimus autem et opinionis ideam veram esse et ideam cuius-

que

rei

naturam maxime expriraere

dedimus
i]

opinionera (ideam opinionis intell.) accuratiorem esse.

unde consequitur hanc Le-

ctionem quam
eiecimus verba

vs.

24 optimi codices et edd. prr.

omnes praebent. EandemBoethius videtur habuisse.

fidkiGTa
dXrj&rjg
:

Vs. 32

quae explicationis gratia ex antecedentibus videntur illata esse nam verba ij fidhOTa et in versione Boetliii et vet. intp. et in quibusdam editionibus prioribus oinissa sunt. Alexander (schol. 295 a 11 sq.) non habuit quae delevimus. Ut ideara significet, plerumque Aristoteles eam notionem cuius idea significatur cum pronoraine at;T6 ita coniungit, iit novum vocabulum fingat 137 b 6, 991 a 29 b 19 , 1096 a 35 avTodvd^Qconog , 137 b 1 1 avTo^cpov., 990 b 32 avToSLnXdOiov. Aliis locis pronomen i;t6 cum voce ipsa non connectit: 1001 a 22 eI ds (ir] eOtl tl ev a^dTo fir]d^ avTo 6v Ib. 17 eI 6' f(JTt Tt avTO av xal 6v... 204 a 17 o:i;t6 dTiEiQOV. 985 a 10 avTO Taya^ov. 997 b 8 ai;T6 yccQ av&QC07c6v <pa6LV ELvat. Cf. quae habuimus 147a8 sq. 987 b 18 rb 8b eldog ttirb tv STcaCTOv fiovov. De voce a^ToexaGrov., quam habemus 162 a 27, 31, 1096 a 35 al., v. Zell ad Ethic.
: ,
. . .

524

Topica.
notionem vocis av&sjca6tog enaGtog TCoist ta avtov ag

Aliam esse Nicomach. I, 6, 5. (v. 1127 a2'3 coll. 70-3 a.33 avtbg titaxtav et 1114 b 6 add-aiQEtog) 162 a 28 simplici pronomine avto ctum est l78b3T srap' adtov.
Cap. 12.

idem

(locuit ib. VI, 1, 4.

;

idea significatur

idem fa-

16
sit.

Num

Quae argumentatio sit perspicua, b 3 qtiae falsa. argumentantis vel argumentorum sit vitium, si falsa
sint.
(intell.

25 Quae in examinanda argumentatione spectanda

d Xoyog
,

162 b 2 dedimus Ov^JtSQaivo^svog

qui et sub-

iectuni est verbi sequentis elleiTceL et praecessit a35.

Idem

subiectum etiam habemus vs. 9 et 23), quod et optimi codices praebent et sensus postulat (Boethius habuit CufxnsQaivo^sva, vet. intp. vertit est autem per conclusiones conclusum") nam 6v(i7tSQat,v6^sva ad niliil aliud reierri posset
: :

quam ad
dici

eUrj^^sva.

possunt quae coguntur, tamen,

iis

Quamquam autem slXrjfifisva etiam ea quum hic agatur de aripsis

gumentatione quae non ex iis tinuo cogat quod veiit, sed ex

sint
(li.

quae concessa sint conquae ex concessis coacta

e.

ex prosyilogisraorum

qui dicuntur conclusionibus,

quae ad novum syllogismum faciendum copulentur), apparet elXrj^fiBva hic ea intelligi quae non extorqueantur adversario per syllogismos, sed quae sponte ab eo concedantur. Non perspicue Aristoteles expressit quod voluit. Clarius satis s^ av dvayxalov sivai certe dixisset: otav slA.rj[^}iBva ^sv (tbv ^oyov intell.) s^ avtcov ds (tav sikri^^svcov inteli.) ^7} CvfiJTSgaLvrjtai o dsl dsixvvvai, h. e. otav dia tatv sihjfi^svav ov (3vvs%ag Cv^TtSQaivrjtat avtb tb TtQoxsi^svov dkk'
'fj
,

etSQa tiva CvfiJtSQaCfiata,

8i' cov [isocov dTCodsiOivvrjtai sxslvo.

Unde apparet ta

siXtj^iisva

hic

non ea

dici

quae cogantxir

ex iis quae ab adversario concessa sint: nam si haec intelligerentur, non dici possent dia 6vn7tSQa6{idtcov 6v(i3tSQaiv6(isva.,

sed 8ia tav dod^svtcav 6v(i7tSQaiv6(isv.

6v(L7tSQaiv6(isva
dici

Quare

si si-

Xi](iiisva
dicc

sunt quae non coacta dantur ab adversario,

nulio
7.

6v(i7tSQa6(idtav

sunt.

eadem modo pos-

Eosdem

codices secuti sumus vs. 4 et

iis

162 b 16 Arctissime haec cohaerent cum

tecesserunt.

quae proxime andemonstrationera

Nam quum

vitiosam dixerit

iam exponit qua ratione falsae propositiones argumentanti admittendae sint. Namque, ait quae
falsis arguraentis utatur,

Toplca.

525

(vs. 18), demonstrationem quae fit ex propositionibiis falsis multis argunientationibus veris iure praeferimus , veiut si ad

absurdum deducentes utimur propositionibus

falsis

quidem,

sed valde probabilibus, ex quibus coiligimus id quod absurdum est et veritati repugnat. Apparet igitur per deductio-

nem ad absurdum
everti,

primura quidem redargui aliquid veri et

eo consilio, ut id quod verum

sed hoc per hypotlieticam quandam argumentationem

nisi

sit iam inde quod, si iila argumentatio admittatur, aiiquid veri evertendum sit, probatur verum esse non posse id quod ab initio sumsimus et a quo demonstratio profecta est. Ex eo igitur, quod ex hypothesi data aliquid

non evertitur
eliciatur.

Nam

ex hoc ipso,

veri faisum

esse consequeretur,

aliud qiiid
vs.

hypothesi repugnet, EtSQCSv dXrjd^av

monstraraus.

20)

(intell. id quod verum esse de-

Unde patet (vs. 22) eara arguraentationem quae ex propositionibus faisis iisque valde improbabiiibus aliquid
quid cogat, longe postponendam
esse.

veri coiligat deductioni ad absurdura, quae e falsis falsi aliTalis

arguraentatio

quae propositionibus falsis iitatur iisque improbabilibus) etiam aliquid falsi cogere potest. Quod si fiat, piane eam reiiciendam esse apparet (quod significavit iis quae addit vs. 29). Ys. 11 adieciraiis ex optirais codicibus quod in reliquis omissum videtur, ne quid reperiretur in Aristotele De numerorum mutatione vs. 19 xa-O'' quod abesse posset. Vs. 29 avtbv dno8ix6yt,i^a diximus ad 28 a 6 et ad 69 b 3.
vero (eara
intell.

^ anXcbg ^ Toi) nQay^atos TCQO^hj&ev (161 b 39).

Cap. 13.
trariorum.

h. e.

tj

ica&'

avtbv ^ TCQbg tb

De principii petitione. 163 a 14 De petitione con24 Quid intersit inter utramgue exponitur.

Vs. 35 altijOSi in 162 b 32 respicit ad Anal. pr. II. c. 16. suspicionem incurrit coll. 163 a 2, 3, 6, 10. Fortasse scrihendura est alti^Gusv vel altiqGai, quamquam de lectione
vulgari,

quam

optt. codd. tuentur, aliquid rautare noluiraus,

Quod dedimus 163 a 9 TiQO^Xrjfia quura ferri certe possit. etiara Boethius habet, non habet vet. intp.
163 a 24
sitio
ij

dvtiXBifisvrj dvtiqiaGiSi binarura

propositionum oppodiximus ad

quae repugnantiam habet. lTa33.

De

dvti(pd(5SL

526

Topica.

y4d exercitationem disputandi consequendam Cap. 14. 37 Perscrutandum conversione syllogisniorum utendum est.

quomodo quaeque

Maxime

thesis et defendenda sit et impugnanda. b 17 parati esse debemus ad ea quae saepissime in quaeet

a quibus primis disputatio ordiri solet. 34 dividenda (164 a 3) et quam ?naxime universalis facienda est., 6 dutn ipsi nostram quam mini^ne universalem facere debemus. 12 Quomodo instionem veniunt
Utia adversarii argumentatio in plures

ductione et quomodo ratiocinatione utendum

nis

sit.

16 Quis

sit

Ji-

exercitationis.

b8

Non cum
est.

quovis adversario exercita-

tionis.gratia dispicta?idum

16 Jld problemata difficillima

argume?ita nobis parata esse debent.

163 a 30

De

conversione syllogismonim
ait (vs.

v.

Anai. pr.

II. c. 8.

Conversio,

30)

propterea ntiiis est, quocl ex ea in-

qiiomodo tliesis (t6 AEyd/icrov), quam defendat adversarins, redargui possit (ostendit enim conversio utram propositionem falsam sumserit advei'sarius, si conclusio
telligi potest,

thesis
cit

quam impugnamus deinde quod patefafalsa sit) quomodo pauci termini ad plures argumentationes confi,

ciendas adhiberi possint.

163 a 37 Quaerenda sunt argumenta in utramque partem utilia et, si inventa sint, quomodo redargui possint investigandura. Eligentes simul (b4) argumenta, quibus eandem thesin, quam

modo defendimus, impugnare possimus, utraque argumenta

iuxta ponere
et

inter se

comparare debemus, ut appareat

utra sint potiora.

ctio

Patet inde

quomodo interpretanda
Vet. intp.
lat.
xcc

sit le-

quam ex

optt. codd.

recepimus.

videtnr

habuisse TtaQcikKriXd tb sxIsxtbov

smisiQTq^aTtt.

nQog t^v

ccvzrjv Q^sGiv

Vertit enim

,,alternatim eligendum quae sunt

orta

ad eandem positionem argumenta". Quae quidem lectio inde videtur, quod priraum quidem excidit verbum injapa^dkXsiv per scribentis negligentiam, quae simili
initio vocis

praecedentis TtaQdXXriXa excusari videtur.

Quo

facto

parti-

cipium SKXsyovra ciir mutari debuerit in sxXsaxsov in promptii Boethius quid legerit incertum est, quum vertat: senest. sira coraparanda sunt quae attinent ad ipsam positionem arin utraraque

Duplicem autera (vs. 5) habet utilitatem qui partem disputare scit: unara, quod adversarium redarguere eique quodcunque velit extorquere possit, ut facili negotio eum confundat, alteram (vs. 9), quod qui videat
gumenta".

Topica/
qiiid

527

cuiusque propositionis
cognoscat
:

sit

facilius

reiictum

est

consequens, veritatem ipsam enim ad inveniendam veri-

tatem, ut e duabus propositionibus quae inter se pugnent al-

teram recte
dixit Biese
II,

eiigat,

alteram

reiiciat.

De

.i(pvta v.

quae

p. 278. not.

163 b 22

Quum

vs. 17 utile

esse dixerit

si

quis de

iis

proble-

matis, de quibus

maxime

dispxitari soleat, disserere sciat,

ea argumenta, quibus raaxime uti soleant disputantes

cos intell. quos in prioribus libris exposuit
bis esse

debere ostendit.

promptu noHaec enim elementa sunt (cf. quae

in

iam
lo-

diximus ad

84b 21) in quibus maxime exercitari debet qui apte disputare velit, sicut in geometria optime versatus esse debet in elementis qui ad difficiiiora et reconditiora velit ascendere.

Vs. 23 oi aXKoL Xoyoi sunt

Ilaec enim

ii

qui non pertinent ad

ea quae plerumque tractari solent et quae prima sunt et probabilia.

commemoravit
enim haec

in antecedentibus.

163 b 25 Adiecimus particulam xal ante ^iya^ quam etiam Boethius habet
intelligas
, :

optirae

lectio

\\t

infinitivus b%blv sicut

habet, si iocum ita yByv^vdo&aL quod praetcqo

cessit

pendeat a verbo antecedente

sit:

sgyov kGtiv^ ad se,

quentia vero mente

repetatur particula cjGtibq

(intell.

iit

sententia

haec

xai S>6nBQ rovro

to nsQi tovg xsg)ali6fiovg

jtQOxeiQcog bx^lv) ^eya dLatpsQSL TtQog t6..., d.aoiojg xal... 163 b 29 Nara ut loci memoriae traditi rerura ipsarum memoriam nobis reducunt, ita etiam loci dialectici quos in antecedentibus exposuimus ansam nobis praebent ad conficiendiuu id quod volumus: faciunt enim, \\t certas propositiones et argumenta definita et numerata ante oculos habeamus, quae nobis indicent quo quidque referamus et quo intuentes ab eo quod nobis propositum sit rainus aberremus. De significatione pronominis avtbg diximus ad 6a8. tavta

vs.

30

intell.

163 b 34

Ex ima

ra tcqoxslqov sivaL xal s^smOtaG^aL vs. 27 sq. adversarii argumentatione plures faciendae

sunt (sic enim deraonstratio

et difficilior),

quam

facere debet longior erit

debet quam occultissime, ut adversarium lateat ab eo de quo disputetur sermonera transire ad

quod
illo

fieri

alia

quae ab

quam

longissime reraota et

quam minime

cum

Praecipue autem hoc fieri potest in iis quae maxime universalia simt. Ilaec enim quam plurimas
eo cognata
sint.

divisiones

admittunt.

Quare (164 a

3)

etiam

quod adversa-

528
ruis

To p

ca.

de parte proimntiavit, id universale faciendum est, ut una adversarii argumentatio in plures dividi possit. Item etiam oratori quod de parte dictum est universe pronuntiandum (De enthymemate v. quae diximus ad 10 a 3.) est. 164 a 11 rav xaO^d/lou, quod aliena manu correctum Qsse non est verisimile, quum vs. 10 legatur rov xaQ^oXov, omnes codices praebent et quaedam edd. prr. Vs. 15 sv xovxa

etiam Boetliius et vet.

xi axdxf.QOV,

intp.

habuerunt.

Vs> 19 aou Ttagcc

xbv ^sv dg&as QUnde apparet immerito lui. Pacium Cd^ai xbv 8b firj 6Q&ag. reprehendi a Buhlio, quod verterit : et qua ratione utrumh. e. xal dia xi 6v^^^r]XE

que acciderit". 164 b 5 Quomodo

ferri possit

codd. optt. equidem non intelligo.

Boetliius praebet et vet. intp.

quod Bkkus dedit kv oAcj invitis Nostram lectionem etiam

Lib. IX.

Quae

inscribi

solent tieqX OocpiCXMGiV IXiyxcov,

ea nos Topicorum librum

nommi

fecimus, sicut neque libro

7ti.Q\

III,

quem

lo.

Itaius et alii interpretes inscribunt

TLxav xoTcav., peculiaris titulus praeponi solet, additum esse ex ipsa libri celebritate facile explicatur. Alexander (schol. 296 a 12, 21 et 29) et Boethii versio titulum 6o<pi6xixol Bkty%OL exhibent, auctor vero schoiii quod dedimus I. p. 42 cod. Marc. 251 ad 20 b 26 librum Topicis adnumerandum putavit. Quod quo iure fecerit ex iis apparet quae legimus 110 b 9, ubi Aristoteles ostendit dialecticum scire debere qua in re posita sit argumentatio sophistica, coll. 1121)6: unde patet artem sophisticam pro dialecticae parte habendam esse. Deinde quae iegimtur 183 a 31 sqq. ad Topicorum initium respicere manif estum est epilogum enim qui in iine libri sophist.
:

xav GvyxQLquem libro nono

eiench.

additur
intelligitur

simul

Topicorum

epilogura

quae habentur 183 b 10 15. Accedit quod 112 b 21 Aristoteies nos remittit ad Topic. II. c. 5 dicens aa^d7tQ sksxQ'^ TtQOXSQOV (cf. quae dicemus ad 166 b 14), quod non
ex
iis

esse

in

primis

fecisset, nisi hic liber cum Topicis arctissime coniunctus esset: namque in hoc item atque in Topicis investiganturrdjrot, ex quibus aliquid cum quadam veritatis specie probari possit (v. 169 a 18,

Cxoixsla.,

110 a 35, 112 b 25, 113 al): quare etiam in hoc libro vocabulo quo loci significantur xmde argumenta petantur, eosensu Aristoteles utitur atque in Topicis
(v.

dem

112 b 21 et31).

Topica.
Praeterea
v.

529

de coniunctione artis diaiecticae et sophiinit. Top. imprirais ea quae ex ipso Aristotele ( 1355 b 15) adscripsimus. Eandem coniunctionem produnt quae de syllo^ismo eQLCTLXcp dicuntur initio Topicorum (100 b 24 sqq.). Denique si liber quem de sophisticis elencliis Aristoteies conscripsit a Topicis separandus esset, etiam ea quae Illietoric. II. c. 24 sq. de enthymemate sophistico dispuqiiae

sticae diximus supra ad

tantur a libris rhetoricis seiungi deberent.

Quae quum

ita sint,

lumc librum Topicorum nonum facere non dubitavimus, praesertim quum iam lul. Pacius Aristotelem verbis sv rols TomXOLS 65bl6 (ubi v. quae diximus) ad eundem respicere recte observaverit. Quare iam ipsi probare non possumus quod diximus ad 20b22 sub fin., ubi Aristotelem verbis ev toLg TottlxoTs 20b26 adTopic. VIII init. respicere diximus, quum appareat ea in mente eum habuisse quae leguntur 175b39sqq. et 181 a 36.
Cap.
exponitur.
1.

rum speciem

Non semper siint veri syllogismi qui syllogismohabent^ 165 a 5 cuius rei quae potissima sit causa
Q^ui

19

scientiam quaerit veritatem persequitur^

sophista specie?n veritatis.

34 Quae agantur in sequentihus.

164 a 22 aQ^d^svoL y.axh q)v6LV dnb tcov TtQarcov. Cf. quae dedimus ad 93 a 16. 165 a 2 Codices fere omnes et editiones priores pleraeque habent B^ dvdyxrjs ^i, non Tt s^ dvdyxrjs quod Bkkus dedit.

Yerba

Slcc

rav

}csl(isvcov in

quibusdam

libris et in vet. intp.

per scribentium negligentiam omissa sunt, quae cur abesse non possint ex iis apparet quae habuimus 24 b 18, ubi conf. quae diximus. 165 a 3 Redarguit qui colligit quod repugnat ei quod ab adversario

coactum

est {ro

GvpnsQaG^a).

Cf.

66bl0

sq.

Quod

vero non revera semper refutant qui refutare videntur, eius rei una causa (rd^rog vs. 5) eaque potissima reique ipsi ma-

xime consentanea in eo est, quod qui disputant non res ipsas, sed verba tantum quae ilias repraesentant proferre possunt. Quoniam autem verborum finitus, rerum vero infinitus est numerus, et eadem oratione et uno eodemque nomine plures res significentur necesse est (vs. 13). Quod quidem in redarguendo vitium b24 appellat ro naQU rrjv ks^LV. 165 a 10 ro d' ovic 6rLV o^oiov. Non recte haec interpretatur Alexander schol, 297bl: patet enira ex sequentibus sensum
11.

34

530
hiiius loci

Topica.

hunc esse:

ot5jc

(jrt

d' bfiOLOV

rd inl xciv dvofid-

tav Cvn^alvov xul xb

i.nl

xav

TCQayfidxcov.

165 a 19 omisiinus particulam fisv ante ova^ quam neque codd. neque Boethius neque vet. intp. habuerunt. Eandem etiam
plures editiones priores omiserunt.
Accedit, quod in

eadem

constructione vs. 21 sq. fisv non adiectum est. 165 a 24 s %v TCQbg 'sv eltcbIv., h. e. ag bItchv OvyxQcvofievov
TCQbg dkXr]la
xcc

xav dLaksyofisvav

BQya^ inteil. xb xov bqcj-

xojvxog SQyov XQbg xb xov dicoKQivoiiivov.

165 a 29 xb xm> dQTjfievav Xoycov ysvog h. e. xbv SLQrjfiEvov xov diaXsyECd^aL xqotcov^ eam disserendi rationem qua quodcunque placeat et demonstrare et refellere possint. Qua in
,

si veritatis speciem servare sciant, consequentur quod propositum habent: nihil enim agunt, nisi ut ab imperitis pro

re

sapientibus liabeantur.

Cap. 2. Quattuor sunt sermomim genera. habeat hic liber ad Analytica et ad reliquos
exponitur.

Quam
libros

rationem Topicorum

Ars syllogistica, quam Aristoteles tradidit in Anal. pr. (conf. quae diximus ad Anal. pr. I. c. .30) triplicem liabet usum: adhibetur enim axit ab eo qui docet ad ipsam veritatem investigandam quare quomodo scientiae principia invenienda

sint et

constituenda ostendit Aristoteies in Anal. post.

qui disputant
sive

t)

aut

ab

iis

ut

videant

quomodo
(t)

thesis aliqua

defendi et

quomodo impugnari

possit sive ut

quam uterque
OKE^pEag
xei-

In disputando facultatem habeat explorent

Qag %dQiv,
contineri
et

qua re artem dialecticam quae proprie dicitur

ab Analytica et a sophistica
aut ab
iis

distingui

docuit

Top. VIII,

5),

qui adversarium

redarguere velint, quod quomodo fiat ponetur. Distinguuntur diaAfxnxol. et nEiQaGxiHol loyoi, quamquara de utrisque egit in Top. lib. I VIII: arabo enira

quo modo cunque iam in hoc libro ex-

colligunt ex propositionibus

probabilibus,

iili

quae omnibus probari solent, hi vero ex

adversario (165 b.3

iis

quidem ex iis quae probantur

'6).

165 b 2 Particulam o-u^ Boethius et vet. intp. habent, quamvis delenda videatur coll. 159a29. Repugnantia utriusque loci toUenda videtur hoc modo. Qui discit non nisi ea ponere debet quae ipse probet et persuasa habeat,

quamquam

qui

Topica.
docet
,

58l

ut

demonstratio

quara conficere velit inteiiigatur ab

eo

iis incipere debet quae a discente concedantur ut probabiiia, sed a veris scien-

qui discat,

arguraentationem non ab

tiae

quara tradere velit principiis

nara vera doctrina non

pendet ex probabilitate

quadam

et verisirailitudine proposi-

tionum, ex quibus demonstratio conficitur. sed e veritate principiorura, quibus nititur oranis scientia
admittit.

quae demonstrationera

nov

6s

Yerba dvayxcdav ddivai vs. 5 et vs. 6 8v xqoquomodo inteliigenda sint faciie perspicitur ex iis

Quod Alexander (schol. quae babuiraus Anal. post. I, 1. 298 a 8) de lectionis varietate dicit e raendo ortura esse apparet. Vs. 8 Boethius oraisit verba GvkXoyiGTMol ij , vet. intp. verba rj cpaivousvoi GvkloyiOnxoi^ quae per scribentium nenfli^entiam excidisse verisimiie est coll. 100 b 24. Vs. 10

articuiura tolg codices optinios secuti oraisiraus

ctiis

quum
nomine

adiecora-

esse videatur ab

iis

qui libros quos Organi

ita

plectimur
ut arctiori

ab ipso Aristotele

coniunctos esse putaverint,

finem

tcndant.

quodara vinculo inter se connexi ad communem Etenira si Topica persequuntur quod in

Analyticis inceptum est. oiFendere

non potest, quod

dkkoig)
;

illa

si-

gnificentur verbis

.,in

reliquis" (Iv roig

sin

autem

non

nisi ievior

et dialecticara doctrinara
ligitur.

quaedara cognatio intercedit inter Analyticara (quod quam verum sit facile intelad ipsam veritatem investigandam pertineat
ipsis principiis constitutis efficere vult

scientiam
haec vero

quura

ilia

enim

speciem quaerat) Topica , ubi Analytica commemorata sunt, rd dkka vocari vix poterunt. Ne quis autera hunc librura iniuria a nobis pro Topicorum libro nono haberi inde probet, quod hic Aristoteles ad Toniliil

nisi

veritatis

pica respiciat verbis ev dkkoig^ conferat 1055b7,

ubi verbis

BV dkkoig

t'iQr]TaL

delegaraur ad 1022 b 22.

efficere studeTit qui vincere

Cap.

3.

Quinque sunt quae

volunt in disputando.

165 b 21

ly, tov koyov, h. e. did tov koyov S dsdcJXBV 6 djiOKQiVO^iBvog. cf. 172 b 34.

s.

r tavta

slvai^

Cap.
sunt.

4.

Primum

Redarguendi vitia in dictione ipsa posita haec in homonymia est, 166 a 5 alterum in amphibo34*

532
lia,

Topica.
22 tertium in conittngendo, 33 quartum in disiungetido, in prosodia, 10 sestum in figura dictiotiis.
vitiis

bl qtiintum
Cf.

cum

quae

liic

enumerantur ea quae recensentur Rhe-

tor. II. c. 24.

165 b 23 Vitia quae in redarguendo admittuntur aut in dictione sunt, quum verbis ita abutimur, \it eadeni non eodem semper sensu accipiamus, sed aliam sententiam ex iis exprimamus, quam quae ab adversario iis subiiciatur (cf. 165 a 5),
aut non in dictione, quum sententiam verborum quidem talem accipimus qualem adversarius ipse intelligi vult, argumentandi vero artificio quodam adhibito quod adversarium lateat per falsam ratiocinationem eum refellimus. Aiterum vitium positum est in prava verborum interpretatione (Wort-

verdrehung), alterum in falsa argumentatione (Schlufsfehler). 165 b 27 tovtov dh... Inteiligitur autera sex esse refutationis vitia quae in dictione posita sint quum inductione facta namque

si

vitium in dictione positum quodcunque proferatur, demon-

strari facile poterit, id

contineri imo
logisrao

non novum aliquod esse vitium, sed eorum quae enumeravimus tum etiara syladliibito sic enim argumentabimur. Quod iisdem ver-

bis exprimitur sex

vitia refutationis in dictione posita tot

dem
166 a 4 rum,

modis duplicem interpretationem admittit, sunt, quot modis easententia duplicem interpretationem admittit, ergo reTtlfjv
aitj

futationis vitia in dictione posita sex sunt.

quam vim habeat exposuimus

I.

p.

444

init.

Ve-

et sanatur aiiquis

dum

aegrotat et sanatur qui ae-

non dum aegrotat, sed is qui qui nunc aegrotat, sed qui prius aegrotavit. Quare sanari aegrotum ambiguum est, quum
grotat, sanus est

autem

aliquis

aegrotat,

h. e.

sanus est non

et aliquem

dum

aegrotet sanari et

eum

qui aegrotaverit sa-

mim

fieri significet.

166 a 14 ta ksyo^sva , intell. GiySivta Bivav. Quem quidem paralogismum v. ap. Plat. Euthyd. 300, B. 166 a 16 olov detdg oial xi5cov, v. schol. 299 a 9 et 41 b 34. Auct.

paraphr. soph. elencli. ed. Spengel. Monach. 1842. p. 13 init. Vs. 17 otav ... 5 h. e. btav slo&otBg d)(iBV to TtXBovax&g Is-

yo^Bvov
elco&afisv

Bit'

fiacvofisvov

XsysLV,

dvo^a ens Xoyov %ata 9dtBQ0v (xovov tb 6r]olov tb sni^tatai yQd^fiata ov% ovtag
S)6t'

Xsystv

i5t
s%si,v

ta ygd^fiata
snL6ti][ir]v

BniGti^firjv

s%slv,

aAA' ovtag &6t' dlXov

tav yQa^ndtcov.

Topica.
166 a 25
tur

{^3

coniunguntur,
si

eo disiungatur: namque si dicimus posse aliquem ambulare sedentem", disiunguntur, eum qui sedeat posse etiam ambulare". Quasi
^adi^SLV an ab
niliii

Non idem cum verbo

est utriiin participium xa&ij^EVOV coniunga-

de altero exemplo
TOV&'..'

adhuc
si

Item res se habet,

scribere non scribentem", h. e. non scribens", quod absurdum est si non coniungimus .,scribere posse eum qui non scribat". Quod vs. 26 et 21 pro Tov scripsimus rd non soium ferri posse apparet, si articuius non coniungatur cum participio, sed cum infinitivis
:

dixisset, pergit vs. 2T xal coniungimus ,.posse aliquem .,fieri posse ut quis scribat

scd etiam lectionem tov probari neutiex eo quod ro dvva09^at r6v xad^Tj^svov ^adl^SLV nullam oranino habet ambiguitatem : nam
(iadl^LV et ygdcpsiv.,

quam posse

facile

intelligitur

nullo

modo hoc ita intelligi poterit, ut significet posse aliquem eundem dum sedeat simul etiam ambulare". Quod exvs.

hibuimus

28

^i] ygdq^cov

codices meliores et editiones fere

erit, opinor, quin videat nostram longe raelius convenire: nam participium quod casu nominativo poni potest- quum idem subiectum ha-

omnes praebent,

Vix autem

lectionem rei

ipsi

buerimus in antecedentibus (sxsl) idem enim esset, si didvvataL firj ygdcpcov ygdq^Siv maiore cum vi proCura eo exeraplo quod habemus vs. 31 cf. quod nuntiatur. est in Plat. Euthyd. 294, A. 166 a 33 Tertiura dictionis vitiura in eo erat, quod verba non quod distrarecte inter se coniungimtur, quartum in eo liuntur quae coniuncta pronuntiari debent, ut si numerus a non dici poterit aeaequalis est numeris b et e coniunctis Item in oratione si verba male diqualis nuraero b soli. stinguuntur, non idem seraper exit sensus. Exeraplum quod aff^ertur vs. 36 e Menandro suratura esse docuit Buhlius coll. Terent. Andr. I, 1, 10: ,,feci e servo ut esses libertus raihi".
xisset

166b5 Exemplum ab Aristotele allatura legitur Iliad. t^' 328. Alterura exemplum (vs. 7), cuius ambiguitas in eo est, ut aut
scribatur
Iliad.
/3'

35,

dido^sv

(daTnus) aut

5tdd/iv (dare),

non habetur
dido-

ubi de somnio narratur quod Agaraeranoni

Iliad. q}'

a love mittitur.

297 habentur quidem verba

fiev de TOi e^dxog dpedO^at,

non esse
lul.

sed facile intelligitur hunc locum eura quem Aristoteles in mente habuerit : quare
liiad.
^'

Pacius

15 (imo

vs.

32) pro TQ(oe66i de xijde'

534

Topica.
legisse putat
id qiiod hic

lcpilntaL Aristotelem

habemus

di-

dd^tv ds ot vxog aQEO&ai.

rectius coniectum esse

Quod quamquam

audacius

quam

apparet,

hoc certe inde comprobari

videtur,

quod tantum

absit ut carmina

Homerica

in pristi-

nam formam
(schol.
tavit,

restituere possimus, ut ne explorare

quidem

li-

ceat qualia Aristotelis tempore constituta fuerint,

Alexander

300 a 4) Aristotelem ipsum hoc exemplum finxisse puquod expresserit ex iis quae leguntur Iliad. |3' 2H. Etiam ea quae ieguntur 166 a 38 ex Ilomero desumta essehaud im-

probabiie,
est

quamquam

ubi

exciderint ignoramus.
ioci

autem quod utriusque

veram

lectionera accentu

Notandum mu-

tato primus restituisse traditur Ilippias Thasius (v. 1461 a22).

166 b 10 In figura dictionis peccatum esse dicit Aristoteles , si quid propter formae qua exprimatur similitudinem non ad eam categoriam referatur cui revera subiectum sit, sed ad
aliam cuius externam speciem prae se ferat. 166 b 14 Verbis ag dLyQtjtat, TtQOteQOV Aristoteles non ad iibrum quem de categoriis conscripsit, sed ad Top. I. c. 9 videtur respicere. t6 fi^ tav noiuv ov est tb ^r; ov tav vnb

trjv

tov noLBiv xatijyoQlav tetayfisvcov.

5.

Vitiorum refutationis quae non in dictione poprimum in accidente est, 37 alterum in eo, quod 107 a 21 tersimpliciter vel non nisi quodammodo verum est tium in inscilia eorum quae ad redarguendum pertinent , 36
Cap.
sita sunt (28)
.,

quartum in principii petitione bl quintum in consequentia {conversione)., 21 sestum in ratione non recte reddita, 37 se-] ptimum in coniunctione plurium quaestionum.
,

166 b 28 Cur syllogismus, qui quod de accidente praedicetur idem etiam de re ipsa praedicari colligat, falsus sit ex iisj apparet quae diximus de accidente ad 43a.S4 et ad 7lbl0.| Ut verus syllogismus conficiatur, idem terminus praedicarlf
,

debet et de re ipsa (quam significavit verbis xaO'' oi) xatrjyoQBitai vs. 31) et de eo quod de ilia praedicatur, li. e. termimis maior (A) et de medio (B) et de minore (C) prae-r
dicari debet.

Quare

si

cura

medio
non

et

cum minore, sed non

de
-

iis

praedicatur, ita
qui cogat

maior non necessario coniunctus estf nisi xata (5v^^er]xbg ut et praedicari possit et non prae-

dicari,
iiti

exit verus syllogismus.

Unde apparet

sophismatej
si

eum

KoqLghov stSQOV

slvai KoqICxov,

sura-'

Topica.
serit

535

KoqlCxov Btsgov dv^Qconov eIvul et pro dv9QcSjiG} subquasi sit KoqlGxos ttv&Qcanog qmim Coriscus homo sit: praedicatur enim ]iomo" de Corisco. Item falso cogitur KoQiOxov ersQov dv&QCOTiov tivaL^ si ponitur 2JoxQdrt]g dv&QCJTrog verum enim est Z!c3XQdtovg Non maie Casaubonus vs. .'^2 tavth arsQOV BLvaL KoqIcxov. jcdvta scribendum esse coniecit, quod recepissem, nisi oranes libri haberent ravra, quod ferri certe potest, quum praecesserit noXXcc vs. 30: nam ravra jidvta inteliigenda sunt jcdvta
stituerit KoqiCtcov,

td Gv^^s^rjxota. 166 b 37 Aliud vitium est

dera discrimine
v.

si

quod non

nisi

aliqua re praedicatur simpliciter de ea dicitur.

quodam modo de De quo quietiara docui-

quae

dix.imus

ad 21 a 5, ubi

mus quo sensu ta djtkag opponatur t6 sv fiSQSL quod habemus vs. 38: nam t6 sv ^SQSi est t6 ELvai xl^ iit existendi modum vei rationem significet, r6 sivaL dnkag (167 a 2) exiRevera lioc vitium quod se,,in abstracto", cundo ioco posuit aut aiiquid aut nihii differre ab eo quod modo habuimus quum ex exemplo intelligitur quod liabetur 167 a 3 (lioc enim siraillimum est ei quod habuiraus 166 b 34) tura etiara ex eo, quod t6 xartjyoQOVfisvov sensu proprio acceptura (cf. quae dixiraus ad 2 a 20) ab eo quod non nisi xatd CVfi^s^rjxdg praedicatur plane eodera raodo differt atque t6 dn?,cbg xal xvQiag ksyofisvov ab eo quod non simstentiam ipsam
pliciter praedicatur
{pLr]

xvQLCogj jr^, sv ^sqsl).

167 a 5 xal fiLXQOv...., h. e. xal did tb hlxqov dLaq)SQSLV. Nam xal explicandi vira habet, cuius usus alia exerapla dediraus ad 93b26. Exeraplo usus quod habetur vs. 8 A. G. Win-

ckelraannus ed. Plat. Eutlijd. Lips. 1833. p. X. not. explicuit

quod legitur apud Plutarch. Praecept.

Sanit.

Tuend.

p. 136,

tov 'Ivdbv dvakvsLV. 167 a 21 y\Jiud in redarguendo vitium admittitur, si in argumentatione qua adversarius refellitur quaedam praeterraissa sunt sine quibus vera deraonstratio esse non potest. Quae qualia sint in sequentibus ostendit dicens fieri debere
syllogisraura sx

tav do^svrov,
,

s^ dvdyxrjg., utj

GvvaQLd^^ov-

^svov rov sv dQxf]

concessis, in

h. e,

ex propositionibus ab adversario

quibus non debet numerari vel ut concessum assumi id quodderaonstrandura est, h. e. in quibus petitio principii non admittenda est. (Videmus inde vitium de quo

536
agitur vs. 36

Topica.

iam eo contineri,

de quo nunc sermo

est.)

Quae vero servanda ficiendo, eadem, si

efficiunt:

sunt, ait vs. 27, in vero syliogismo con-

negiiguntur, ut falsus syllogismus exeat,

eorum quae quamvis non refutent adversarium, tamen eum refellere videantur, ut si quis demonstret (vs. 29) idem et duplum esse et non duplum, at
fit,

unde

ut qui praetermittant aliquid

modo recensuimus

(vs.

23

27),

non unius

et

eiusdem

rei

duplum

et

non duplum (raente enim

intelligendum est dXX^ ov tov a-dtov^ quod vs. 29 revera Aristotelem in mente habuisse apparet e vs. 31, ubi docet etiam

eiusdem rei idem et dupium et non duplum esse posse, quamquam non eadem ratione). 167 a 36 De principii petitione quae dicitur egit Aristoteles Anal. pr. II. c. 16 Top. VIII. c. 13. Qui pro concesso sumit quod demonstrandum est, eum veram refutationem confecisse putant qui non satis distinguere sciunt quod idem est ab eo quod diversura est: non intelligunt enim id ipsum quod concedant idem esse quod demonstrandum sit, sed quod concedunt ab eo quod demonstrandum sit reapse diversum esse
,

opinantur.

167 b
si

tione data eliciunt

Aliud in redarguendo vitium admittunt qui ex proposiquod revera non eius sit consequens, ut

nam ex conconsequens recte derivatur, non ex consequente Cf. quae diximus ad 34 a.5 et ad 53bl2. conditio. Opponuntur vs. 8 ta grjtOQLxa tolg CvXloyLGtLXolg vs. 13. Illa
quis propositionem hypotlieticam convertat:

ditione

enim verisimiiitudinem coraparare student, haec vero ipsam

veritatem quaerunt.

De
ta

signo

v.

Anal. pr.

II. c.

27.

tavta

fiiv vs. II intell.

STtofisva^ vs.

12 tb

ds.

xatrjyoQov-

lisvov intell. xb a STtetai, exslva. 167 b 13 De Melissi argumentatione

ille

v. Pliys.

I.

c.

2 sq.

Namque

quidem

sic ratiocinatur

tb

nav

dysvr]t6v s6ti, tb dye-

vfjtov dQXTjV ot5x exsL,

tb

8' dQ^rjv

ansLQOv ovv edtl tb nav.

adversatur Aristoteles
^%SLV dQXT^v.,
:

ovk s%ov cctislqov s0tLV, Cui quidem argumentationi sic

s6tl tb ysvofisvov aiiav

dlriQ^sg ^iev

tovto xal Ttdv tb dQ^rjv Ifov yeyovsv (nam propositio universe affirmans non in universalem convertitur, sed in particularem) , o^dd' ccQa dia tovto (h. e.
Slcc

dkV od

dih t6 yevoiisvov
elv 6

dnav

^xslv dQXi^v)

dkrj&sg eGtai oitSQ

g)rj-

Msh66og,

tb dyevtjtov dQxrjv fi^ sxslv.

tovto yaQ

Topica.
ejiettti

537
53 b 12.
Sit

ta yeyovevai nav to
to dgpjv e^ovj
Vs.
2.?

ixQxtjv ?jjov (coll.

enim
.17.

tb yevo^evov).
II.
a'C-

167 b 21 Vitium de quo hic agitur iam habuimus Anal. pr.

sav ovv eyxataQL&^ijQ-T]

s.

.,

inteil.

td

(i^

tiov

ag aXtiov

ehv

tb

ovk

dvaynalov

TCQbg

tb

Gv{i-

^aivetv tb ddvvatov eyxatagLd^^rjd^rj ev tolg eQcorriiiaGLV

dvayxalov ov ngbg
mentatio

tijv elg

ddvvatov dnaycoyqv.
vs.

ag Argu-

quam exempii

gratia proponit inde a

27 optime

procedit, nisi quod minime eificit id quod

demonstrandum erat, sed ponit tb ^rj aXtLOV ag aXtLOV. non cogitur enim quod in fine additur vs. 30 oia, ccQa Namque eadem plane quam modo fecimus deductio ad absurdum locum ha.

bere

poterit (vs. 31 sqq.) , etiam si adversarius rainime contendat id quod per iiiam deductionem redargui perliibetur, idem esse vitam et animam, ut neminem per iliara de-

ductionem redargui appareat: Iiaec enim ut fiat, non dandum est idem esse vitam et animam (quamquam qui vere deducit ad absurdum pro vero semper sumere debet id quod repugnat propositioni quam ipse demonstraturus est), dummodo concedantur ad deductionem conficiendara ea quae supra proposuiraus de vita et raorte. de generatione et interitu. 168 a 3 In quibusdam quaestionibus difficilius est videre, num una sit interrogatio an plures in ea lateant, quod ubi fit, aut unara csse quaestionera tacite concedunt qui ad quaestionem propositara oranino non respondent aut ita respondent, ut

unam

esse aperte profitentes revera redargui videantur.

168 a 11 Interdum etiam revera redargui potest qui plures quaestiones siraui concessit.
dici

Ut

si

quis dedit eadera ratione raiilta

caeca, qua unura caecura dicatur (latent enim multa in hac una concessione: nara iit revera sit simplex et unum

quod concedatur, unura cura

multis,

quorum
sit

irao coraparari
vs.

debet, non
11

tciv

TCQoGkrjcpd^evtcav

cum

nuraerus

aut infinitus

aut certe non definitus, quod pronoraine in-

videndi

: quare si praeter id quod non habeat assuraatur aliud quid quod videndi facultatem habeat, quum de muitis valere concessum sit quod de xrao recte dicatur, ambo caeca erunt, aut si praeter id quod videndi facultatem liabeat assumatur aliud quod non habeat, ambo videntia esse colligetur, quod ab-

definito tLVcav vs. 11 significatur)

facultatera

surdum

est.

538
Cap.
fi.

Topica.
Vitia

in dictione posita snnt (34)

quae in redarguetido adtnitttmtur^ et quae et qaae estra dictiotiem, omnia

ab artis syllogisticae inscitia repeti possunt.

168 a 18 Qiiocimque inodo alter ab altero refellitur, in omnem utique refutationeni convenire debet refutationis definitio (j6Tt yccQ 6 E^Eyxog GvXloyiGnbs dvuq)d6s(og (cf. vs. 35 .31), h. e. loyog Iv a tEd^svtav tivcov rj dvTirpaGlg tivog tav xel-

^svav

B^ dvdyiiTjg

norraam

et

Gv^^aLvsi ta tavta eivat) ad hanc igitur regulam omnis refutatio composita esse debet,
:

quodAristoteles significavit verbo dvakvsiv: nam ut omnissyllogismi reguia tribus figuris syllogisticis continetur, ad quas reducitur {dvakvstai,, v. quae diximus I. p. 366), ita omnis
refutationis regula definitio est
igitur
,

quam modo

diximus.

Primum

videndum est (vs. 21) num qui adversarium refutaverit verum syllogismum, qui ex propositionibus concessis necessario cogat quod velit, non fecerit, quamvis hoc eff^ecisse videatur, deinde in singulis definitionis quam dedimus partibus quaerendum est, num quid praetermissum sit. Namque tria paraiogisraorum genera, quorum vitium in dictione positum est ea nerape quae habuinius 105 b 30, 166 a 6 et

enira siraplici verbo 6 koyog (intell. 6 dittog) 25 sicut 169 a 23 significari tijv d^cpL^oliav, orationis ambiguitatem quae vocis arabiguitati (tTj o^covvnia) opponitur
:

b 10

apparet

vs.

per dupiicem sensum quera eadem verba admittunt veritatis speciem qua fallimur efficiunt: failimur enim (vs. 26), quia non plura, sed unum aliquid quod per sc consistat (cf. 169 a 34 36

ad 3 b 10) una oratione verbis iisdera raanentibus significari solet: peccant igitur hi paralogisrai et adversantur verae refutationis definitioni in eo quod non
et

quae

dix.

fiunt dicc

tav xsi^svav: nara

qui refutat non

eodem sensu

quo intelligi vult adversarius. Reliquorum paralogismorum (quos habuimus 166 a 23, 33 et b 1) vitiura in eo est, quod qui refutat vel universam propositionem ab adversario concessara non eandera surait quam ille dedit (aliter enini quae ille dixit vel coniungit vel distinguit) vel imum quoddam verbum diverse pronuntiat. Quibus quidera in paralogisniis quomodo peccetur contra definitionem eienchi quam supra habuimus docet in sequentibus, quibuscum cf. 167 a 23 sqq. Debet enira, ait, omnibus numeris eadem esse propositio quae ab adversario datur et qua

accipit propositiones concessas

Topica.
utitur qui ilium

530
alio

refutat:

neque enim prosodia neque

a verbo differre debet,
ita

modo quocimque verbum

aliam quidem vocem qiiae

ut ne

idem plane

significet iu alius lotj

cum
h. e,

substituere liceat

(vs. 30).

Vs. 28

rb 6vo[ia

.,

xavrbv Bivai x6 ovofia t6 8Laq)EQ0V naxa xrjv Xoyov dinQoCcodiav. Nam quae praecesseruut vs. 27 tm cta videntiir de iis paralogismis qui fiunt Tcaga xrjv 6vv^s6lv Simul inde apparet qno iure rexal jiaQa xrjv dLaiQiCiv.
^ xa
^rj
. .

duxerimus articulum ante dLaq)Q0V

raplir. sopli. elench.

vs.

28

quem etiam paet

ed. Spengel. p. 35, 16 sq.

quaedam

editiones priores habent.

168 a 37 Accidentis cur non

colleffimus ad

71blO.
lcxl xb

detur scientia ex
iivai

iis

patet quae
,

Vs. 39 xovto d' 86x1 ksvxov

Ii.

e.

xovxo

6'

ovx

Aeuxw

dlka Gvfi^e^rjxev

ai>xc}

xb

ksvxdv

tivaL.

168 b 2 Particula oxl pendet e verbo dTiodtdsLXxai,, quod Aristotelem in mente liabuisse apparet ex iis quae sequuntur.

ovx dnodk^uxxaL dia xovxo oxl 6Q&alv Xcag exSL xag ycoviag. Gxfjfia 7] 168 b 11 Verbum quod deest repetendum videtur ex iis quae antecesserunt dvdyovxaL slg xrjv xov tXsyxov ayvoiav (al8). bxL o^v xov avxov..., h. e. OTt ov% ag dXrjd^urg dvxtcpaGLV CvvdySL oijxog 6 sXsyxog, onsQ sdsL. si yisXXoL dh]^rjg sksyxog
intell.

TOVTO,

s%bl,

li.

e.

aQxr} ^ TtQCOXOV dvolv

slvaL, dklcc (paLvo^svr^v dvxicpaQLV.

168 b 19

Quam dicat Toi) loyov

rrjv sXksiipLV explicuit

T^

cpavxacia., h. e. xb cpaivs6%aL sXiyxSLV.

I67a28sqq.
Vs. 20 8LaL-

Qov^svoig ovxcog., intell. cjg sAsysv sv xolg nQoxsQOV (a 18). 168 b 23 d^loL Slcc xov 6ql6uov h. e. d^koL SL6i TtaQakoyLdnol Vs. 24 deleviraus dvxsg Slcc xoij 6QL6fioij xov 6vX?^oyL6noij. quae Bkkus ex codicibus recepit quamquam invitis et edd. prr. omnibus et Boethio et vet. intp. Accedit, quod verba aLXLa
,

xov sensum non habent, nisi quis scribat alxLa xov quod, quamquam non omui sensu destitutum esset, tamen melius Vs. 25 dedimus svuql^^ovabesse nemo est quin videat. (iBvov quod et Boethius et vet. intp. videntur habuisse qui vertunt connumerato". Sensus loci liic est. Ubi vitium refutationis in eo est, quod quaedam assumuntur in demonstrationem quae niliil omnino faciunt ad conficiendum id quod volumxis . conclusio non fit xa xavta sivaL (cf. 24 b 20 sqq.) nara ubi cogitur ex dvaLTLOLg., conclusio non provenit xat
.,

540

To p
tlvtti

c a.

tavTU

(Iioc
Is

est

enim qiiod

dicit

onBQ

odx.

^v Iv TOtg

dvaixloig).

vero

qni principii petitionem faciat

qnomodo

peccet contra refntationis definitionem 16Ta25 ab Aristotele expositnm est: peccat enim in eo, qnod id ex qno demonstrat (t6 xBt[iEvov) non diversnm est ab eo qnod deraonstrat,

qnae diversa esse debere expresse dixit24bl9 verbis

etSQov XL

xav nEi^ivav.
(XEv Cv^i^e^rjxdg

168 b 29 x6

xa naQa xb Cvfi^s^rjxds TtaQttxa c) Gv^ifis^rjxs., olov xb ^av^bv xa (isXlxi, xb 5' S7i6}isvov sv xa itaQa xb STtofisvov 3iaQaloyL6uG) nXsL06iv, olov xb ^av%bv X(p (isXlxi xal xt] %ok%
sv
Xoyi6(i(p avl (lovcp del dvxi6xQEcpst

G)6xs xavxh SLvat (isIl xal ;^oA7yv Qnare vitinm qnod semei in illo,

xa

yccQ

svl

. .

(vs. 31).

Vs. 34 optt. codd.

jcov,

et vet. intp.

hoc admittitnr. secnti omisimns vocem ksvbis in

qnippe qnae explicationis gratia ex seqnentibns hic indQxiqv,

id

serta videatnr.

168b38 ro sxov

xb 7tS7iSQa6fisvov: namqne

qnod non infinitnm est in spatio, mendnm est qnod apud Bkknm

legitur vs. 40 xb ns7tSQa6(isvtov. 169 a 2 dedimns la^i^dvELV ex optt. codd. idem habnisse videtur auct. paraphr. soph. elench. ed. Spengel. p. 39, 5 quod pendet e verbo d^LoT, qnod ex antecedentibus repetendum est: docet enim verbnm Xa^i^dvsi qnod habemns vs. 3

aliquid hninsmodi

tnr Xa^i^dvEi^
possit,
nisi

mente intelligendum esse. Nara si scribinon video quera sensnm hic locus habere
vs.

ante xal
.
.

2 adiiciatur negatio

oi5.

Vs. 5

sjtL6ics7txsov ds

169 a 7 Verba

rj

(irj

24 et 28. dLaLQslv, quae, quum explicationis gratia

y. c.

aliena raann adiecta esse pateat, optt. codd. secnti omisirans,

etiam in vet. intp. desunt.

unius

Sententia

totius

loci

Iiaec

est.

Definitio propositionis quae sirapliciter dicitnr et propositionis

rem

enim ipsa eadem seraper erit, sive quae est sive quatenns talis est Quare si una propositio est qnalis sirapliciter esse dicitnr. in nnnm de imo praedicatnr (cf. 18al4 et qua emmtiatio,

eadem

est: definitio

definis qnatenus

una

est

24 a 26), quum refntatio sine syllogismo, syllogisraus vero sine

propositionibus esse neqneat, contra refutationis definitionem

De sipeccat qui peccat contra propositionis definitionera. gnificatione vocis BQCoxr]6LS vs. 12 v. quae diximus ad 20b22

Topica.
et

541
e.

ad 42a39.

Vs. 15 ovrog, h.

tcc TcXeiG)

sQcor^fiara

^v Ttoiav TcagaloyLO^og.

169 a 20

Eorum

paralogismoruni

quos habuimus

168 a 17

3.3

(raiv TiaQcc xr]v Ai^tv) vithim in eo esse dicit,

quod non co-

repugnet ei quod adversarius contenquamvis pugnare cum eo videatur, reiiquos vero peccare in eo, quod syilo^ismi definitio in eos non conveniat. Qua in re Aristoteli adstipulari non possnmus. Demonstravimus enim in iis quae supra diximus paralogismos quorum vitinm in dictione sit peccare in eo, quod non cogant dta tav xsl^svcav: propositiones enim ab adversario concessas qui refutat non eo sensu capit quo ille eas intelligi voluit. Ex iis
gant id quod revera
dat,

vero quorum vitium non

in

dictione est

eum paralogismum

qnem habuimns 168bll non

revera pugnet
piignare

contra syllogismi definitionera,

sed in eo peccare, quod propositio quae demonstretur non cum eo quod adversarius contendat , quamTis

cum

eo videatur, facile intelligitur.

Cap. 7. Quomodo fiat ut veritatis specie decipiamur in singulis paralogistnis exponitur.

v. met. z/ c. 6. 169 a 24 oiov rb 'iv 169 a 30 Paralogismis qui fiunt naQa to Ox^fia tTJg Xs^sag fallimur, quia difficillimum est diiudicare quae ad eandem et quae ad diversas categorias (c3g stSQag) referenda sint (cf. 166 b 10 sq.) nam quodcunque praedicatur de alio, id unum quoddam esse putaraus quod per se consistat , unde fit ut quaecunque praedicentur facile interdum liabeantur pro substantiis, quamquam revera ad aiiam quamcunque categoriam referenda sint. Quare (vs. 36) in dictione peccat qui categoriam cui quid subiectum est non recte constituit ac primum quidem quoniam sermonem conferentes cum aliis de categoria ad quam quid referatur constituenda facilius faihmur quam si ipsi nobiscum reputantes categoriam investigamus nam disserentes cum alio verba magis quam rem ipsam spectamus , ipsi nobiscura reputantes rem aut magis aut certe non rainus contemplamur quam verba quibus expriraitur; deinde quoniara etiam nobiscum reputantes raaxime fallimur, si non ipsam rem ante oculos habemus, sed sermonem facientes in utramque partera de ea nobiscum ipsi disputamus denique quoniam in paralogismis qui fiunt naQa tr^v 6^olo0xV~
. . .

5i2
(io<3iJvr]V

Topica.
fallimur
similitndine,
est
axitera

similitiido

in

di-

ctione.

169 b 3 Pergit hic

Qui falneque quid idem quid diversum sit diiudicare sciunt (sumunt enim KoQi6iiOV ccv^QCJTtov^ quod docuimus ad 166b28) neque quid unum sit quid non (quamquam enim unius rei muita snnt accidentia eaque interdum inter se contraria, quia non
incepit a22.

in constructione

quam

luntur paralogismis

qui

sunt naQcc xb Gv^lie^rjiidg

ii

ciim natura rei coniuncta sunt, cura re ipsa idera esse ponunt)
ita
,

taraen liorum

unumquodque

nequc cognita liabent quae

in

de aliqua re praedicentur, ut
iis

eius natura posita sint

tcc

et res ipsa sine

esse oranino non possit,

Iv

ta

ti eeti

aatrjyoQOv^Eva

inteil.,

quippe de quibus eadera utique prae-

dicentur atque de re ipsa.

tivo adiecti exempliim

Articuli pronoraini interroga-

dedimus ad 3a2I. 169 b 7 Aliam rationera exponit, ob quam paralogisrais qui

jiaQcc

fiant

th BnofiBvov facillirae fallaraur.

TC) TtuQcc

169 b 11

^LKQov nos

falii dicit,

si

discriraine

bis levius videbatur neglecto induciraur, nt

quod noparaiogismum pro

vero syilogismo habeamus.

Cap.
8.

Cf.

47b38.
sophisticae
constituitur.

Dejinilio

refutationis

30 Omnes paralogismi reducuntur ad ea capita qiiae supra

exposuimus.
170 a 12 Reftitationem sophisticam simpliciter relicet.

futationem dicere non

169 b 18 Ut oranes sophisticos syllogismos secundura \mura tredecira raodorum quos modo habuimus fieri deraonstret, prius sophisticura syllogisraura definit, deinde quid differat a syllogisrao oiEiQaijtLxc) explicat. Est enim sophisticus syllogismus et qui revera non cogit, quamvis cogere videatur, et qui recte cogit neque tamen ad rera ipsara de qua agitur pertinet, quaravis ad eam pertinere videatur. lara vero a syllogismo nSLQa6tLX(p ita differt, ut hic non rei veritatem explorare et
coraprobare,
velit,

sed nihil
,

nisi

adversarii inscitiara

patefacere
si

sopliisticus vero

qui proprie dicatur,

etiam

cogat

quod adversarius negaverit, tamen num nesciat qua in re vitiura lateat necne non ostendat. 169 b 30 Quae audientes inducunt, ut paralogisrao, quasi ex propositionibus iure ab adversario concessis (cog i^QcotrjiiEva) syllogisraus

confectus sit,

fidera habeant,

eadera etiam ipsum

Top

c a.

548

sunt, ut

adversarium {rbv djioxQLvofisvov) ita fallere interdum posparalo^ismum quo ipse refellatur pro vero syilogismo habeat: nam quod non cOncessum pro vero habet (vs. 34),
si

ut etiam

non expresse dederit, tamen dedisse ipse

si

sibi

per-

suadeat, id etiam expresse dabit,

interrogatur.

Sunt ta-

men

sophisticae refutationes

in quibus, si

expresse interro-

gatur id in quo paraio^jismi vitium positum est (t6 Ivdses); non conceditur ab adversario, quia simnl cum ipsa interro-

Quare in iis paralogismis quorum vitium in dictione est etiniis qui soioecismum efficere vohmt (cf. c. 3) non petendum st ab adversario, ut expresse concedat id in quo vitii causa est, sed ut lateat, non interlam igitur si rogantes hoc pro conces^o sumere debemus.
gatione patefit qua in re peccetur.

paralogismi
adversarius

qui cogunt
refellitur)

quod thesi repugnat

refutationem

(h.

e.

conficixmt

per quos quae non

est
fiat

vera

est,

sed

veritatis

speciem

habet,

manifestura

totidem modis aliquid

futatio

falsi cogi

posse,

quot modis

re-

non vera quae veritatis speciem habeat. Refutatio non vera autem tot modis fieri potest quot sunt partes refutationis verae, quarum unaquaeque si negligitur, refutatio falsa efficitur quae veritatis quandam speciem habet q)avSLij ccv sksyxog llOal, h. e. sitj av q^aLVO^svog ^ksyxog (nam omnes paralogismi reducuntur slg trjv tov skeyxov dyvoiav): unde apparet non plures dari modos quibus para-

logismi
si vitia

fieri possint quam quos supra recensuimus. Namque paralogismorum quae enumerantur llOal 9 cum refutjttionis definitione conferuntur quamhabuimus 167 a 23 sqq., tredecim modos paralogismorum quos supra exposuit Aristo-

teles

refutationis

definitione
fecit

repeti

posse

apparet.

Ac
al.)

primum qnidem modum

&svr(ov s^dvdyxrjg
dixerit
(cf.

eum qui non 161 a 25), quem quum

[it]

cogit

sk rcov do-

supra (167 b 21

ag aXrLOV vel (Anal. pr. II. quod locum habet in ea refutac. 17) rbv fi^ TCagd rovro^ tione quae ad absurdum deducii;, expiicationis gratia hic quamquam faciie (170 a 2) addidit verba 6 slg rb ddvvarov
alrLOV
^

rov nagd rb

inteiligitur

vitium syilogismi in quo t6

in recta

^y

airLov c5g aXtLOV

sumitur etiam

demonstratione locum habere posse. Secundus modus est qui peccat contra propositionis definitionem, quae si non servetur, neque refutationem veram neque syilogismum esse posse demonstravit 169 a 6 sqq. Unde

544
etiam
posse
(vs. 4),

Topica.
t

hnnc modnm
apparet.

a neglecta
est
8lcc

refntationis definitione repeti

Tertins

qni

fit
[i7j

TtaQa

tb 6v^^et]x6g

per qnem failimur

xb

dvvaG&ai, dLanQLVBiv t6

xavtbv xal xb bteqov jcal v %al TColkd (l()9b4): \mde apparet etiam in hoc paralogismo refntationis definitionem non esse servatam, qunm vera refutatio (167^23) cogere debeat dvxi(pa6LV xov avxov aal evog. (Notandum est qnod brevins
dixit dvzl

xov

xaO''

avrb 6 naQa xb Gvn^sfirjxds-

.Nam

sen-

tentia haec est:

dia xb na&' deov 6vkloyLt,eG&aL verus enim syllogismns non fit ex iis qnae non neavxo cessario cnm re ipsa coniuncta sunt, sed ex iis quae in eins

CvXXoyi^sG&at
:

d yLvofxEvog
h. e.

naga xb

6v[i^t^r]xbg dvxl

xov

natura posita semper de ea praedicantnr.) Qnartum modnm, xbv TtaQO. xb STtojjLevov tertio contineri docnit 168 b 27 sqq. Quintns modus, quem 167 a 23 significavit verbis jti^ dvofiaxog dlKa TiQdy^iatog., eos paralogismos compiectitur qui finnt TtaQO. X7]V Ag^tv, de quibns cf. quae diximus ad 165 b 2.3. Sextns modns est in quo sumitur dvxl xov xa&oXov xb sv [leQSL Apparet sermonem (cf. 166 b.38), qnod vs. 8 dicit xb eni xl.
.,

esse de eo paralogismo, qui est TtaQa xb sr^ ?} aTtlag., qnem iisdem fere verbis significavit Aristoteles 167 a 26 : nam qnod recte cogitnr, simpiiciter et imiverse cogi debet xaxa xa^dxb

nal nQog xavxb nal cjea-urajg, non tcaxd xl tj TtQog xl (cf. 166 b 23), qnod vs. 8 significat dicens TtaQaxb InixL
'jca6xov xovxcov. (Negligentior est structnra

t] 7}

Ttwg
TtaQ'

eorum qnae prae-

cedunt

vs.

elx^

dvxi

h, e. slxa

xb dvxl xov na&okov x^v

dvTLq)a6LV 6vlXoyL^e6&aL., i]yovv Ssov 6vXXoyit,s6^aL xal xaxa xadxb nal TtQbg xavxb %a\ G)6avxcog 60(pL6XLxbv sXsyxov 7tOLSL6&aL naQa xb stil xl tj naQ' Sica6xov xovxav. Eadem negligentia In iis est qnae sequuntnr: sxl xb 6vXXoyi^s6Q-aL naQcc xb Xa^t^dvsLV xb sv dQxf] bsov 6vXkoyit,s6&aL fi^ svaQi&^iovfisvov xov sv dQXj]. Excusatur haec negligentia eo, qnod Aristoteles verba xal aaxa.. .a6avxcog vs. 7 et [it] IvaQ dQ%f] vs. 8 sq. e definitione refutationis qualem habuimus 167a25sq. integra transscripsisse videtur, nt inxta posnerit qua in re peccatum sit et quomodo vera refntatio comparata esse debeat.)

adversari

Septimo modo (vs. 8) veram refutationis definitionem docuit 168 a 22. lam qnum qnintns modns onmes

paralogismos complectatur qui fiunt naQa xr]V U^lv., singulis definitionis quam habuimus 167 a 23 partibus consideratis ap-

Topica.

545

paret non plura dari quam tredecim quae supra exposita snnt paralogismorum genera nam eum paraiogismum quem habuiuuis 167 a 21 cur hic non seorsum enumeraverit per se intelligitur: hic enim unus reliquos oranes complcctitur. 170 a 12 Qui syllogisrao sopiiistico usus adversariura refeilit, non

rera

quam

iiie

defendit redarguit, sed liomiuera. jNara

non concedit quod non verum est veiuti vocem arabiguara unara tantura habere significationera vel ea quae eandera formara (t6 axfji^cc T^g U^scjg) habeant eidem categoriae subiecta esse neque ipse refutari neque oranino cogi quidquam poterit; si concedit, res quidem ipsa non refeiiitur (nam si propositiones ex quibus cogitur falsae sunt, ad rera ipsam quae cogi dicitur oranino non pertinent, ut rei ipsius neque deraonstratio neque refutatio vera ex iis confici possit), ad-

si

hic

versarius, qui dedit propositiones falsas, refutatur.

Cap.
alii alius

9.

Quum

alia alius disciplinae sint principia, etiam

sunt paralogisrni iique infmiti. Est autem dialectid

cognoscere eos^ qui fiant ex principiis dialecticis,

170 a 20 Qui recensere vellet omnia in quibus peccent qui redarguantur, omnes doctrinas et discipiinas notas liabere deberet (quem quidem finem ut consequatur nulii arti unquara propositum esse potest, quum liomini non datum sit
ut perfectara
oraniura

quodcunque

in

rerum scientiam consectetur) ; nam unaquaque demonstratur id, si negatur, etiam

fieri possint.

refutationem admittit, ut quot deraonstrationes dentur, tot

etiam refutationes
tationes
infinitas

Quare quoniam veras refu(vs.

dari mauifestura est,

numerum
sint,

infinitum esse apparet

itera etiam falsarum 32 sqq., quibuscum cf.

quae habuiraus 77 b 16 sqq. et 101 a 5 sqq.). Quae quum ita non de omni refutatione falsa vel sophistica in universum hic agitur, sed de dialectica refutatione falsa, quippe quae oranibus artibus ac disciplinis coraraunis sit. Quae quomodo fiat ex iis ipsis locis {xonoLg) patebit qui adhuc in Topicis traditi sunt:

nam quum

ars dlalectica

doceat quid et

quoraodo deraonstretur ex propositionibus probabiiibus, eadera etiam quid et quoraodo iisdera propositionibus adhibitis
refelli possit

ostendere debebit.
si

170 b 2

ri

dvo, aut certe duo,

unus non

sufficiat

ad colligen(vs.

dum
II.

id

quod thesi repugnet.

Sin autem tenemus 35

4) qui-

a^
bu8
si

Vo p
in

c a.

rebus peccetiir ab

iis

qui singulos paralogismos fa:

ciant, etiani

quomotlo solvendi sint novimus

soivuntur enim,

quod in iis iatet detecto prohibet ne paralogismus conficiatur. Quare quum in antecedentibus expoaclversarius vitio

situm

sit

quomodo

fiat,

ut
faisi

ab

iis

qui artis dialecticae periti

sint (TOtg

toiolCdsys.l)

syllogismi pro veris liabeantur,

apparet dialectici esse, ut exploret quomodo ex propositioni-

bus probabilibus (dia tav xotvav vs. 9) refutatio efficiatur vel vera vel veritatis specie praedita, et quae dialectica sit
aut certe videatur et quae exercitationis causa instituatur.

qui

Cap. 10. Non recte distinguit argutnentationum genera unum genus dicit quod non nisi ad nomen spectet alte,

rum quod ad sententiam

falsarum refutationum

adversarii pertineat.

171

al Quae

sint genera.

12

Quod

initio capitis do-

cuit aliis argume?itis cotifirmat.

170 b 16 Non disputat contra sententiam adversarii qui quod ille divit non ita accipit, ut eandem rem in mente habeat de qua sententiam a se prolatam intelligi vult qiii respondet: quare qui non disputat contra sententiam adversarii non de re disputat, sed de verbis, ut idem sit tb iirj xgbs rrjv dmvotav et tb TtQog toijvofia. (Quod adiectum est vs. 17 oio^Evog BQ0ita6&ai
suscepisse fingens
se ipsum iam respondendi munus non recte interpretatus est Alex. schol. 304 b 28: nam quod Aristoteles dicit hoc est. Non disputat de sententia adversarii qui, si se interrogari putaret, ea quae
h. e.

responderet

alio

sensu acciperet quam eo

quem

iis

subiicit

adversarius, 6 SQCOtcofievoS')

lam si et qxii interroget et qui respondeat vocem arabiguam non plura, sed unum significare piitet, in disputatione autem voce ambigua ita utantur, quasi unam significationem habeat, de nomine sive etiam de vera adversarii sententia disputari dicendum est: utrumque enim simul est verum. (Uncini quibus Zenonis nomen in contextu
vs. 2.1

circumscripsimus tollendi sunt coU.

II.

iis

quae

dixit

Bran-

dis

Gesch. der griech.-rom. Phil.

vero
2G)

p. 153. not. 6, ib.I.p.408.)

Si

adversarius vocis ambiguitatem ipse perspexit,

disputatur de sententia adversarii.

(vs.

non Naraque primum quidem

ttjv 8idvot,av simul

et

t6 TtQOS tovvo^a

et tb
iis

nQbs

locura habere posse apparet in

paralogismis qui e duplici

verborura interpretatione nascuntur,

quamquam

fieri

potest,

Topica.
ut

541

omnis syllogismus simul

fiat

ngdg Toijvo^a

et Jtgog tr^v
^

dLCcvoiav:

nam quod

dicitur TiQbg tr]V didvoiav

Id non ad

syllogismum ipsum pertinet. sed ad sententiam quam qui respondet iis subiicit quae ipse concessit: quare to TtQbg trjv didvoLav genus syilogismorum qni per se spectantur significare

non

potest.

Deinde
reliqui

(vs.

30)

si

divisionem admittimus
trjv didvotav,

quam

initio capitis habuiraus, ut

praeter eos syllogismos qui

sint JiQog

tovvo^a

omnes dicantur nQog

qnnm

to TtQog trjv dtdvoiav non significet ipsorum syliogi-

sraorum discrimen qui per se spectentur, sed nihil nisi propositionem concessam eodem sensu accipi declaret ab eo qui interroget atque ab eo qui respondeat, td JiQog toHvo^a in

omnes paralogismos convenire apparet. 170b3S 01 8e (pa6i jtdvtag. Ipsa verba quibus haec supplenda sint statim seqmmtur, quare haec si deessent, nemo desideraret.
Similis
7.

pleonasmi exempia

ex Aristoteie collegimus

ad 61 b

170 b 35 Divisionem supra propositam non bene habere tertio argumento probat. Namque ex iis paralogismis qui e muiti-

verborum interpretatione nascuntur (TtaQa t6 nkeovae. TtaQcc t)]V Xit^iv., quod ex iis apparet quae seqmintur) nonnulii tantum, non omnes, fiunt naQa tovvo^a. At vero (vs. 38) sunt quidam alii paralogismi (praeter eos qnos TtaQo. tovvoua fieri modo diximus) quorum vitium non in eo est (ovx sv tco TtQog tovvofia s. coll. vs. 31 ovx sv ta iit] TiQbg tfjv didvotav SLvai., cf. vs. 29 sq.), quod qui responplici

^ag, h.

det propositionibus a se concessis aliam sententiam subiiciat

qui interrogavit , sed in eo. quod syllogismus ipse propositionem qwandam {eQc6t7]fia, v. quae diximus ad 20b22 et ad 42a39) adhibeat, quae sine ambiguitate esse nequeat.

quara

171 a

Qui veram falsarum refutationum divisionem proponere ei prius disputandum est de syllogismo: nam quum refutatio sit syllogismus quo cogitur quod thesi repugnat, faisa refutatio quaecunque aut in syllogismo ipso (in argumentatione, |to tijg Uh,ecog) aut in eo quod thesi repugnare dicitur {jtaQcc tr]v U^lv, cf. tamen de hac re quae diximus ad 169 a 20) aut simul in utroque peccet necesse est. Qui vero syllogismus (vs. 11) in neutro peccat. is verus non esse non potest. De exemplis quae sequuntur v. 166 a 13, 178 a 37,
1
velit,

77b32, paraphr.

soph. elench. ed. Spengel. p. 55.

35*

5^
171 a 12 Nova
difficxiltas
,

Top
si

c a.

divisio

quam

siipra

proposuimMS

adoptatur, iiide nascitur, quod deraonstrationes matheraaticae

interdum in iis numerandae essent quae non ad rem, sed ad noraen tantum (jCQbg Toi)vo^a) pertinerent. Namque si qui respondeat notionera trianguii ambiguara putet neque id, quod duo rectos anguios liabere ab altero deraonstratura sit, pro
generaii cuiusdara figurae notione habeat, sed pro re singulari

quacunque,

ngog

rrjv dLccvoiav^

revera

qui demonstrationem confecerit non sed jigdg tovvo^a disseruisse apparet, si omnis demonstratio aut fit TiQog trjv didvoiav aut

eum

TCQog toijvo^a.

ctum

est

Cur Alexander (schol. 305 b 7) quod hic dide sophisticis demonstrationibus mathematicis

explicandura putaverit non inteliigo.

171 a 17 Alexandrum totum fere locum qui sequitur non intellexisse ex scholiis raanifestum est; nos

eimdem

sic

intcrpre-

tandum

vox qua utiraur arabigua est, is vero qui respondet arabiguitatem non videt, TCQog trjv didvoiav (trjv tov aTtOKQiVO^ivov inteli.) disputabimus, etiam si
putaraus.
si

Deinde

voce arabigua pro non arabigua abutamur, quod supra nonnisi in iis accidere vidiraus quae disserantur nQog toijvofia. Non aliter enira interrogandum est quara ut respondenti optio detur, veiut si quis interrogetur: dg' bGtl Ccyavta Uysiv r} oij;
aut ad suraraura ita,
ut tecte significetur quid

cavendum
<Jtrt

sit

respondenti, velut
cjg

si

interroget: aQ' ECtv niv cog ov,

6'

vai ; Ad quod si 6iyavta XiyHV^ alter vero argumentationem conficiat qua ille redarguatur, nQog ttjv didvoiav eum disputare apparet (propositionem enim ab altero concessam eo sensu intelligit quo ilie eara accipi vult), quaraquam refutatio quam modo liabuimus 5 quum vitium quod in ea admissura est in vocis arabiguitate positura sit, iis adnumeranda videtur quae fiunt jrp^g tovvo^a. Unde clarum est non esse quandam syllogisraorum speciem qui sint TCQog trjv dtdvoLav. Est vero species eorum quae fieri dicitur TCQog tovvo^a^ qua quidem in specie non sohim non omnes refutationes, sed ne sophisticae quidem refutationes omnes numerandae sunt. Ex his enira quaecunadversarius respondeat: (irjdafiag Edtv

que sunt
vo{ia.

e^co tijg

U^ECog

(v.

166b21), eae non sunt TCQog

toij-

Si quis vero postulet (vs. 28) ut qui interroget ipse

distinctione facta aiterum edoceat

teat,

primum quidem

id

qua in re ambiguitas laipsum postuiare absurdum est, qunm

Topica.
fieri possit,

549

ciat,

iit qiii interroget ipse ambiguitatem iion perspideinde talem distinctionem lacere iam non est disputare,

sed docere.
(vs. .^4)

Namque
sit

accidere potest (Tiad^siv

stinctione opus
putet.

quae non ambigua sunt tov Xoyov) , ut diquam facere debeat qui doceat, non qui disetiam
iniis
,

inteil.

Ut
bini

si

quis

quaerat
binarii

num

in

numero quaternario imi-

tates numeris binariis sint aequales et distinctionem adiiciat,

quod

numeri

qui in quaternario insint aut con-

non coniuncti (nam coniuncti quattuor unitatibus aequales sunt, non coniuncti vero non aequales) 5 non disputat, sed docet quomodo respondendum sit. Item si quaerat num rerum contrariarum una sit scientia et addat contraria esse nota ignotis, idem facit ac si doceat non omnium rerum contrariarum unam dari scientiam.
iuncti considerentur aut

Cap. 11.
stituitur.

Sophistici vel contentiosi syllogismi dejinitio con-

25 Utriiisque discrimen exponitur.

35 ])e ratione

quam

contentiosus syllogismua

ad dialecticnm habeat.

Quam

ut esponat

{n2a9),

copiosius discrimen exponit quod intercedat

quae interroget ut adversarium tentet vel doctrinam quae principiis sponte expositis demonstrationem efficiat., ut alterum doceat.
inter dialecticam.,
confutet., et

171 b 3 Ut

sopliistici sjlloffismi

naturam accuratius exploret, ab

eo orditur quod sophistico et dialectico syllogismo coramune est : hoc dico, quod propositiones ex quibus cogatur ex quaestione natae esse debeant,
est, a doctrina

quod

artis

dialecticac

proprium

vero quae veritatem demonstratione evincere

velit alienum.

111 b 7 Dialecticus est qui considerat principia omnibus doctrinis et disciplinis communia, quatenus ad unamquaaique rem
pertinent {xara rb TiQdy^a,
vs.
cf.

vs.
vs.

19).

Verbis

bIs fisv

8 respondent quae sequuntur

11 xal o6oi^ h.

e.

srtQOL

de o6oi... nera.

Sophisticorum, ait, syliogismorum duo sunt gequi ex principiis omnibus disciplinis

7}

munibus speciem

unum eorum {tcsqI av

efficiunt,

comsi

diaUxn/Ctj nstQaGrix^
niliii

sGri.)

syllogismi

quamquam revera

cogunt, etiam

verum sit quod conclusionis loco proferatur: faiiunt enim eo, quod falsa argumentatione utuntur tb ^i] aXtiov ag aCtiov ti%svtsq'. namque in omni sjllogismo propositiones rationem (t6 8icc ti) exprimere debent, ex qua conciusio prodeat ta

550

Topicii:
intell.).

tavta ELvat (tag TCQOtdesig

tinent speciem habent

eos paralogismos complectitur qui,

,

dum

Alterum genus (vs. 11) artis ad quam per,

revera tamen a via et ratione

veiit, alieni sunt.

qua

quaeque res demonstrari

ratiocinatur
,

Nam

si

quis ita

ut principiis eius doctrinae,

ad quam demon-

stratio pertineat,

non recte utatur, ut

si

argumentatione geo-

metrica usus aliquid

falsi demonstret vel si veram thesin faisa demonstratione geometrica confecta probet,- demonstratio

quam
ratio

autem

dici non poterit: erit communibus utatur. Quare ea quam ad circulum quadrandum Hippocrates iniit(v. quae

fecit

sophistica vel contentiosa

sophistica, si principiis

diximus ad 69a32),
phistica

quum

geometricis principiis nitatur, so-

non erit dicenda, Brysonis ratio vero (v. quae dedimus ad 75b40), etiamsi revera circuium quadraret, tamen, quia non proficiscitur a principiis georaetriae propriis (od xata t6 7CQdy[.ia)^ sophistica est. Quare (vs. 18) duo sunt syllogismi contentiosi, unus qui non est syllogismus, quum nihil cogat, quamvis speciem habeat tceql tavdE intell.
nEQt

tav

iCOLvav

alter qui,

etiam
sit,

si

recte cogat,
iis

taraen

ab ipsius rei principiis alienus

deatur.

quamvis ex

effici vi-

171 b

3.5

Contentiosus syllogismus (de Graecorum eristica

v.

quae

disputavit
p.

Winckelmannus in edit. Plat. Euthyd. Lips. 1833. XXII sqq.) ad dialecticum eandem rationem habet quam
ad veram.

falsa demonstratio geometrica

Nam

ut

ille

ex

iis-

quibus dialectica utitur, sic etiam falsa demonstratio geometrica a principiis georaetriae proprincipiis
efficitur priis proficiscitur.

dem

(Hanc sententiam
iis

licet

parum accurate ab

Aristotele expressam

subiiciendam esse quae legimus vs. 37 et totius loci ratio docet et lectionis varietas comprobat quam
vet. intp.

praebet cod. C. Boethius et

locum

ita vertunt,

ac

si

habuerint naQakoyit^Etai na&ccTtEQ aal 6 ipEv8oyQd(pog yEta^stQLxag.) Falsus syllogismus georaetricus autem non contentiosus est,
priis,
si principiis et theoreraatis utitur geometriae proquae vero demonstratio aliam rera quaracunque (h. e. quodcunque non ad dialecticam pertinet, sed ad aliam quamlibet

artem

vel disciplinam

sieqI (ihv
est.

tdkXa 172 a 2) ex principiis

fieri

dialecticis probat contentiosa

172 a 6 bCoi

/t^

X6a6i

Quicunque nesciunt

posse, ut

Topica.
inter id qiioil iiiaius et id

551
sit

quod minus
15)

non

unuin.,

sed piura

Hiedia interiiciantur.

172 a 7 Aiexandrum
tis

(scliol.

307a
iis

pro Hippocrate Antiphon-

nomen
du

posuisse ex
v.
I.

apparet quae habuimus I71bl5.

De Antiphonte
ture
dicit:

E. Moutucia recherches sur la quadra-

cum Brysone eum comparans y a plus de justesse dans la pre'tention du gdoraetre Antiphon ; celui - ci regardait le cercle comme un polygone d'une infinite de cotes". Id. Ilistoire des matliematiques. Nouv. ed. Paris an. VII. p. 156: A l'e'gard d'Antiphon, il ne nous parait pas qu'il doive etre accuse de paralogysme (quae quidem de Antiphonte sententia cur non probanda sit
cercle. Paris. 1754, qui
11

ex

iis

intelligitur
p.

quae
;

dicit auct.

paraphr. eiench. soph. ed.

Spengel.
cercle,
il

60

init.)

car ayant inscrit im quarre

dans un

chaque segment un triangle isoscele, puis dans les huit segmens en resultans autaut de triangles isosceles et ainsi de suite; et il disait, que pour avoir la grandeur du cercle, il fallait prendre le quarre inscrit, plus ies quatre premiers triangles, plus les huit suivans et ainsi
inscrivait dans

jusqu'a
lo.

ce

qu'il

se

confondissent

sur la

circonfe'rence".

Chr. Heilbronner Ilistoria matlieseos universae. Lips. 1742.

p.

150 rationem quam Antiphon ingressus est ut circulum

illustravit.
c.

quadraret figura adscripta

schol. ad Aristot. Phys.
I.

Cf. praeterea Brandis

2 (185al6) et ad

75b40

(schol.

211 b 35 et 212 a 8). 172 a 8 Si quis post coenam ambulandum non esse contendat, quia non sit motus , coutentiose disputat. Nam quod argumentis e mediciua petitis probare debebat, id Zenonis argumentatione usus demonstrare vult, quae ad generalem motus
In sequentibus, ut probet eum qui sylnotionem pertinet. logismum contentiosum faciat non eandem plane rationem habere ad dialccticum quam habeat ad geometram 6 Jl^svdoyQcicpog^ discrimen exponit quod inter dialecticam et aliam Namque si ratio quam doctrinam quamcuuque intercedat. contentiosus Jiabet ad dialecticum plane eadem esset quam ifSvdoyQccfpov et geometrae, non daretur syllogismus contentiosus qui ad res geometricas pertineret (tisqI axsivav vs. 11),

quem

revera dari Brysonis exemplo

modo probavimus. (Qua

intelligantur

in re utriusque ratio diversa sit facile ex iis intelligitur

habuimus 171 b 38

sqq.)

lam ut recte

quae quae se-

558

Topica.
vs. 13

quimtur, notandum est, quod vox xad^olov

accipienda est

eo sensu

quem habuimus Anal. post. 7.3 b 26 (cf. quae dedimus ad lla39 sub fin.), deinde tenendura, quod in Anal.
post.
I.

c.

1 et 9 uniuscuiusque

doctrinae propria esse dixit

discipiinarum

principia,

ex quibus

cum communibus omnium

principiis coniunctis singula theoreraata,

quae ad unum genus

unam doctrinam constituant, elicienda Quibus praemissis iam faciie inteiligitur quid Aristoteles hic dicat de discrimine quod intercedat inter taiem doctripertinere debeant, ut
sint.

nam et dialecticam. NaAi dialectica neque versatur circa unum genus quod dcfinitum sit, neque revera demonstrat,
neque ex
I.

iis

solis

colligit

quae cum ipsa rei natura neces-

sario coniuncta sint {xaO^olov vs. 13.

c.

Ad

vs.

14

cf.

Anal. post.

32).

Quare

(vs. 15)

quaecunque

ars

certam quandam

et veram doctrinam demonstrat, propositiones ex quibus demonstrationem conficit, num sibi concedantur ab adversario

non

quaerit, sed ponit:

nam quum

veritatem investiget, non

dialectica

accipere potest
facit),

utrumcunque respondeatur (quod

est.

sed ipsa suraere debet propositiones veras, ex quibus

probari possit quod demonstrandum

172 a 19

Ne

quis

comma ponat

post dQ%ds^

monemus

loci
si

sen-

tentiam hanc esse.

Sin autem demonstraret,

etiam

non

omnia, sed aiiqua tantum, de prirais certe principiis non interrogaret adversarium.

quibus nuila omnino

fieri

His enim non concessis, quippe sine possit demonstratio, non liaberet

imde obiectionem adversarii quamcunque redargueret. Sirailem usum particulae dkkd (vs. 19), quae orationem interrumpens quasi adversarii loco maiore cum vi ad obiectionem inceptam respondeat, iam liabuimus 111 a29 etlllbl4, ubi v. Praeterea notandum est, quod in raaiore quae diximus. Bklvi editione mendum est, quod vs. 20 pro dtddvTOg legitur

didovrag.

112 a 21 Denique dialectica a reliquis discipiinis eo differt, quod, quum propositum habeat ut tentet adversarium, exerceri potest etiam ab eo qui artis non peritus rem de qua disputetur non cognitam habeat, si ita respondeat, ut non ea concedat quae sciat neque quae rei de qua agatur propria sint, sed quae eius sint consequentia (das auf dem Wege der EmSunt enim pirie xmd Routine von der Sache Erkannte).

quaedam

ita

comparata, ut etiam

si

nobis cognita sint, tamen

Topfca.

553

certam eoruin doctrinam non habeamiis, si vero nobis ignota doctrinam quoque quae ad illa pertineat nos ignorare , necesse sit: quod quam verum sit ex iis clarum est quae dixit Anal. post. I. c. 1. Ad vs. 29 cf. Anal. post. 76a37,
sint

77 826.
fitentur.

Ys. 32 tovg xavxa^

STCayyeklo^Bvovg, eos qui artem pro-

ov

(intell.

XQavxac ot Idtatai. tov TiElgav Xu^hv) ivtsxvag (TtoiTjtixrj)

inteli. olg

Vs. 35
diaks-

ij

TCtLXi]

S6XL.

iis quae collegimus ad 25b35. \s. 38 olov ai d7io(pd6sig. Vidimus enim (16a30 et b 12 sqq.) negatione non significari unam certam rem, sed non definitam (doQiCxov) esse notionem quae ne-

relativam

Quod in seqiientftus Aristoteles quam inceperat neglexit, simile est

constnictionera

gatione exprimatur.

Cap. 12,

Quomodo
in

efficiatur ut adversarius dicat aliquid

falsi vel naod^ot^ov.

Aristoteles
phistica,

quum

antecedentibus dixerit de refutatione so-

iam capp. 12 14 de reliquis agit quae efficere student qui victoriam magis quam veritatem quaerunt in disputatione.
Cf.
c. 3.

172 b 12 Primum quidem, ait, ipsa quaerendi ratio, si ita instituitur, ut non ad certum quendam finera {nQog ^ijdsv xsifisvov) dirigatur, efficere soiet, ut adversarius interdum aiiquid falsi vel TcaQdSo^ov proferat (pvii^aivsi intell. xovxo 6 riv dsvxsQOv, xo ipsvdofisvov xt 8sli,aL xal slg ddo^ov dyayslv. Nam oratio dvaKoXov^og facta est eo, quod non adiectura est quod ex praecedente siQrjxai elici potest Xs'axsov vmi.). Deinde (vs. 16) si interrogationes frequentes fiunt et si petitur, ut adversarius respondeat quae ipse probet, acci.,

dere
sunt

soiet, ut

ex propositionibus ab adversario concessis faabsurdi eliciatur:

iis

cilius aliquid falsi vei

ita

enim quae data

utendum

est,

ut disputatio ad ea deducatur quae

nobis facilia sint ad redarguendum.

vet. intp. et paraphr. soph.

Vs. 19 restituimus lectionem dvvavxai, quam optimi codices praebent quibuscum

el.

ed. Spengel. p. 68, 5 conspl-

rant. Boethius vero

Item vs. 26 recepimus lectionem s6xl in qua codH. cum vet. intp. et Boetliio conveniunt. 172 b 28 jiQoxsQov., v. Top. II. c. 5. 172 b 29 Si efficere volumus, ut adversarius naQd^o^ov coutentur 8vvaxai.

cum

edd.

Bkko prioribus habuisse vide-

554

Topica.

unaquaeque quod ut ab adversario comprobetur et defendatur variis quaestionibus propositis operam dare debemus. llatio autem qua id consequamur haec est {pTOixuov 81 vs. 31, cf. quae diximus ad 84b2l), ut jraQaSola (d-e6Etg^ cf. 104 b 19) a singuiis philosopliis proposita ipsi proferamus, ut videamus num adversario probentur necne. Reraovetur autem difficultas, in quam incurrit qui sententiam TCaQado^ov defendit, si eam non a se defendi ostendit, quoniam per disputationem coactus sit ut eam defendat (hoc est enim quod efficere studet qui cum eo contendit) , sed quoniam velit defendere quod ipsi maxime placeat. 172 b 36 Deinde qimra horaines saepissime alia velint, alia profienim TtaQddo^ov aiiquid habet,
teantur, accidere solet,

dat, investigandum est cui scholae addictus sit:

ut considerantibus ea

quae

ipsi

cu-

piunt

(unam

utiiitatem

ea

quae profiteri

sequendam esse) TiaQado^a videantur solent (unam virtutem esse sequendam)

et vice versa.

173 a22 di

8' dyuv slg xa... Brevius haec dixit: plenixis enim dicendum erat dg xa Ivavtia xav xolg noXkoig xat Torg Coi^polg lam ut paucis complectamur quae modo hadoxovvTCOv. buimus, artificium quo efficimus ut adversarius naQd8oi,ov

aliquid dicat in eo est,

nt investigemus
si

duas propositiones,
,

quarum
sentiant

altera vera sit,

falsa

sit

altera

easque

ita

com-

paratas, ut de utriusque veritate lioraines inter se valde dis:

tio effici poterit, ut

quare utracunque adversario probetur, facili negopro valde iraprobabili habeatur.

Quid facieiidiim sit ut adversarius idetn plus Cap. 13. semel proferat., (b 1) quod i?i notionibus relatis accidit. 12 Ostenditur unde nascatur xa^uxoXoyiu.

]73a33
cf,

dQrinapLtv

ijdr]

.,

v.

165 b 16.

Cum

iis

quae sequimtur

quae habuimus 140 a 27.

173

bl Solet autem accidere xb d8oXt6iHv in iis notionibus ad unum semper sive genus significant sive speciem quae et idcm referuntur, veluti et iTti^v^ia et ope^tg, quae eius genus est, xivbg em&vfiia et tivbg dQe^ig esse dicuntur. Itera id quod ad notionera dupli refertur ffcnitivo seraper exprimitur: dicimus enim xb 8iitXd6iov et xivbg 8i7iXd6iov eii^fii6Eog 8inXd<3iOV. Deinde (vs. 5) etiam in iis quae, dura ipsa non adnumeranda sint Totg nQog Tt, de substantia quadam
, ,

cuius

vel

habitum vel affectionem

significant ita praedican-

Topica.
tiir,

555
sabstantiae notio conti-

ut in ipsorum definitione
sicut in

illius

neatur,
iila

imparis notione inest notio numeri de quo

praedicatur. Res licet aliis verbis expressa eadem est quam liabuimus 73a37. In constructione nibil offendit, nisi quod, quum praecesserit numerus singularis rj oixSicc^

cov vs. 6 et xovtoig quae dedimus ad 4 a 8 et ad 69 b 3. Locus optime liaberet. si quod in marff. ed. Isingr. iegitur Tcc VTioxBt^eva pro ij oi^ia in codicibus exstaret. Praeterea, ne quis ea quae Aristoteles dicit vs. 2, unde consequitur non omnes notiones relatas ita comparatas esse, ut genus et spe-

sequittir

genus neutrum numeri pluralis

dissimiiia sunt

vs. 8.

Haud

cies

semper simul non omnia igitur

,

pugnare

sint

notiones relatae

dicit enira

putet cura

iis

121 a 3 sqq.

conferat quae leguntur 124 b 15

oOa quae Iiabuimus

:

'22.

Vs. 9

optimorura codicum lectionem dedimus, quam etiam

tliius liabet et vet. intp.

Boe-

173 b 12 Videtur autem effici to ddoXEdxsiv quia non interrogatur num notio relata nude posita sensum aliquem habeat necne (nam si non habet, sicut to 8i7iXd6i,ov^ non conceden^

dum

erit

adversario idem significare tb dmkdOLOv et tb 8i-

vel num, si liabeat, idem significet nude quod etiam significet coniuncta cum eo ad quod referatur (neque enim idem significare utrumque conceden-^ dum erit ei qui tavtoXoyiag speciem vitare velit). Quorum neutrum quidem quum interrogetur, sed, quia utrumque idem

jiXdOiOV
posita

TJy.iiSiog)

significare videtur, quura

eodem vocabulo utamur,

ij^iosos-,

sive dicimus

8inXd6iov sive 8i7tXd6iov

pro

concesso

sumatur,

statim infertur conclusio quae tavxoXoyiav habet.

Cap. 14.

De

soloecismo.

173 b 17 TCQotBQOV respicit ad 165 b 20.

xolg IXkyioiq.,
intell.

Vs. 24 xad^dnsQ Iv

noXXoi sl6iv ot

ot5x sXsyxovxeg (paivov-

xai iXsyxsiV.

173 b 26 Fiunt soloecismi per eam formam nominum et pronominura quae generis neutrius est {naQa tb x68s) et per eos casus quorum formae utrum raasculinum genus an feraininum intelligendura sit non produnt, sed neutrura significant. 174 a 5 Sirailem
dicit

soloecismura esse

paralogisrao

qui

fiat

naQa xb 6XW^
fiTj

Uterque enim efficitur oxav tb xadxb dJGavxcog sQ^rjvsvijxaL (cf. 166 b 11), sed iileinver"^^S Xsi,sag.

556
bis peccat,

Topica.
quibus non
:

hic vero in re ipsa

ita utitiir ut usus ioquendi postulat, confundit enim res ipsas et genera quibus quaeque subiecta est.

Cap. 15. De singulis quibusdam artificiis quae adhibere debeat qui interroget et de dispositione ititerrogationum.

114 alT Priraum argumentationis longitudo efficit, xit difficiiius slt perspicere ad quera finem tendat oratio (cf. quaeTop. VIII. c. l de propositionibus non necessariis sumendis dicta sunt,

ad haec enim
facit, ut

et hic et vs.27 respicit),

tum

celeritas orationis

adversarius sero intelligat quo deductus sit, deinde adversarius ira et studio accensus (quod facile proditur, si dolo
et fallacia vincere studet) ita perturbari solet,

ut

incautius

Deinde (vs. 23) alio ordine interrogandum est, quam quo collocari debent propositiones, ut colligaraus quod nobis propositum sit (cf. Anal. pr. II. c. 19: in schol. 308 b 32 videtur mendum esse quod legitur c. 15).
respondeat.

114^32

Xgov interrogationem facere

dlcit eura qui ita

quae-

quod quaesiverit affirraari an negari ab adversario raalit. Sententia haec est. Qui valde sibi cavent ne quid concedant quod refutationis ansain praebeat ita interrogandi sunt, ut non praevideant quid alter responderi velit. Deinde (vs. 33) si singula quaedara adversarius concessit, etiara sententia universalis quae ex illis per inductionem probari deberet pro concessa sumenda est, quasi necessario cogatur ex iis quae iste dederit. Ubi autem (vs. 38, cf. 156 b 10) nomen non habet notio universalis qua nobisutendum est, dvaloyiav adhibere dcbemus prouti postulat id quod defendimus: qua de re cf. quae leguntur 98 a 20 et 14al8. 114 b 4 elLTtEQ dvdyxr], inteil. 6vyx(X)QiV Tj &dTBQOV 7] ^dteQOV. Vs. 6 exspectabas ut pro xal ^eydka diceretur aal eXdtrat, ut dissimulet utruin

ta.

Paraphr. ed.

Spengel.

p.
e.

80, 5 habet %ai fiLXQd.

cog

Vs. 11 ovK aQa tb xal to, h.

GvV.ekoyiGiievovg oti ovx

dkrj&eg o ecprjGev 6 dTioxQivoiievog.

114 b 12 Sopliistice argumentatur qui sententiara Jtapado^ov defensurus adversariura, qui thesin probabilem tuetiir, interrogat num ei verum videatur id quod quaerat*? (Cf. Paraphr. ed.
Spengel. p. 80.) tur quae idonea

Namque
sit

si

propositio probabilis investiga-

ad coraprobandam sententiam jtaQddo^ov

interrogat (av
-^

quam

conficere vult qui

tb

eQcottjfia e^

av

Topica.
6 6vlkoyL6fi6g,
guitiir (si
cit
(si

Ijgft

intell.

Trjs

dvnq)d6(og

s.

6 EXsyxog)^ de hac
aiit

interrogatns adversariiis

num

vera

sibi videatur,

redar-

propositionem concedit) aut nagddo^ov aliquid di-

aut

(si

eam neque veram neque probabilem esse contendit) eam non concedit, sed probabilem esse dicit), quam-

redarguitur, tamen refutationi valde simile est quod efficitur. Exemplum huius argumentationis v. in schol. ad hunc locum. 174 b 19 Deinde qui alium convincere velint, sicut rhetores, investigare debent num quid dicat quod pugnet vel cum iis quae ipse probet vel cum iis quae placeant alicui eorum cum quibus consentiat. Sicut autem (vs. 23) qui respondet, si se redargui praevidet, distinctione facta haud raro e laqueis

quam non

quibus iara irretitus erat elabitur,

ita etiara

interro-

ganti, ut obiectionem factara solvat, interdum distinguendum est ita ut,

tat,
si

quarum una idonea

(vs. 26),

duplicem quod dixerit interpretationem admitsit ad evincendum quod velit, altera

eo sensu se illud accepisse declaret, quo
ut adversarius inde redarguatur (ort ovtcog

non idonea
intelligi

debet,

sYXtj^psv vs. 27).

174^28

Si praevidemus futurum esse, ut

argumentum, quod ut

concedatur ab adversario frustra petivimus, tueri non possimus, illud quidem deserendum et ad aliud transeundum est,

ut alter novis argumentis illud impugnare desistat; ipsi vero respondentes, si ab adversario argumentum quod sibi coniri videmus, eum prohibere debemus et praemonere ne hoc faciat. Interdum etiam (vs. 30) disputatio a re de qua agitur ad aliam traducenda est , iis vero (vs. 33) qui, ut cognoscant quid impugnare velimus, postulent, ut aliquid aggrediamur quod ad rem ipsam pertineat (nam ratio quaedam cur non de re ipsa disseramus reddenda est autem facilius et tutius in refutatione conficienda, erit priusquam propositionem universalem quam cogere velimus ipsam proferaraus, quaedam praemittere, etiam si ad rem ipsam nihil faciant, quasi illa sit consequens eorum quae prius dixerimus), his igitur non id ipsura quod evertere vohimus aperte dicendum, sed iiniverse respondendum est probari nobis quod illi negent vel negare nos quod illi aiant. 174 b 31 dXla Toi) SLQrj^svov. dXkog et stsgog saepius ab Aristotele non satis distinguuntur : v. 92bll, 236 a 33 bv x&

cedi voluit desertum

558
i^fii6sL

T o p i c a.

sXartov

'iGrai

rd fisra^s^Xijxdg xal TCQorBQov rov

AX^

xal
ocTTat.

Ttdhv rovrov dlXo, ndxELVOv stBQOV.

Idovrsg (Jiakkov fivrj^ovsvofitv
rj

451 b 16 8l6 evia

srsQa TCoXXdxig. 1313 al

fp^siQsrai dh
jTov...

%ata 8vo xQonovg 1332 b 17 sl (isv xoivvv

.

sva ^lv

SLrjOav

dXlov de tQoxo6ovtov dLaq)SQOV. .

.

tsg dtsQoi XG)V dkXcov (ot dQxovrsg

t&v

aQXOfisvcov)

Sicut

Wiog 684 b 3 ta ^h> ovv dXXa t,^a xd s%ovta noSag td [ihv 's(ijtQ06&sv s%SL xal 67tL0d-sv , xd 8' sx xov nlayiov xovto 8b to ysvog ISiag tovtcav. 692 b 10 TttSQCJtol (isv ovv dnavtsg sIclv, xol tovt^ l8lov sxovQl tav dlXcov. 1315 a 36 xovxovg (8ei) Idiovg (idhGxa TCOLsla&aL xijg dQxrjg. Vs. 36 sicut vs. 29 recepimus lectionem quara vetustissimi codices
al.

1741)31 et
1

dXlog cuin genitivo coniungitur,

ita etiain

praebent.
tit
:

Eandem

vs.

36 Boethius videtur habuisse qui ver:

quod affirmavit negare", et vet. intp. qui reddit quoniam quod dixit negare". Quamquam enim durius videtur, quod particula ort sequente infinitivo ponitur (exspectabas enim ut scriptum esset oti o 'sq)r}0ev dnocpijGofisv) , tamen
excusatur praecedente infinitivo XeyeLV trjv dvti(pa6LV., cui per appositionem adduntur quae proxime sequuntur. Oranis difficultas subiata esset, si pro bti legeretur olov.

Cap. 16.
tur.

Significat quae in sequentibus capitibus agan-

De

utilitate syllogismorum

sophisticorum.

17

De

so-

phismatis solvendis in universum dicitur.

175 a 5 Syilogismorura sophisticorura duplex in philosophia est

litas
;

uti-

una quod, quum plerlque eorum in dictione positi sint, nos exercent in raultipiici verborum significatione distinguenda et docent quando alia sit verborura coniunctio et consequentia quara rerum , quando eadera , aitera quod, quo difficilius falsa arguraentatione per alios decipiraur, eo facilius etiam vitia, quae ipsi vei'itatis investigandae causa nobiscum reputantes in ratiocinando admittimus
tas in eo est quod,
,

evitabimus.

Tertia utili-

quum

in disputando exercitati

videamur,

nerao putabit a nobis reprehendi quod ipsi corrigere nesciaraus,

sed repreliendi tantura propterea, quod illud concedere noliraus, quaraquam refellere non valeamus.

175 a 19 nXsovsh,iav, quara 1402 a 15 Gvzocpavtiav vocat,

faiiacias et artificia

dicit

quibus qui interrogent adversariura de-

cipere

studeant:

circumveniunt enim adversarium {nksovs-

Top
xro?)(5t),

c a.

559

quivm id quod

ille

concessit saepius aiiter interpre-

tentur

quam

ille intelligi voluit.

115 a 20 Aiiud est, ait, vitium sophismatis qua in re positum sit detegere, aliud promte ei occurrere (cf, 171 aT sq.): nam
si non sumus exercitati, quamvis optime vitii causam cognitam liabeamus, tamen vitium ipsum iliico patefacere interdum

nescimus, sicut etiam in geometricis analysi facta in synthesi

conficienda interdum haeremus.

Cap. 17.

In soLvendis syllogismis sophisticis non tam id

quam ut redarguti esse videantur. bI5 Si vera refutalio esset quae oratione ambigua utitur , refutationem effugere interdum non possemus. 28 Quare patefacienda semper est ambiguitas. 39 Qui ambigue interrogat e 176 a 19 Quomodo reduabus interrogationibus unam facit. spondendum sit exponitur. 38 Quod obscurum est in argumentatione non simpliciter concedi debet. b8 De aliis quibusdam in respondendo artificiis.
agitui\ ut redarguantur

175 a 35 Syilogismi sophistici qiuim revera niliil cogant, quaravis cogere videantur (cf. 170 a 12), non ita solvendi sunt, ut falsa argumentatione eos uti demonstretur , sed ita ut species, qua faciie decipiunt, iis adimatur, ne quid cogere videantur,
Q'Ci}TEOv).

dum

revera nihil cogant (nQbq xb

si

firj

doxslv dioQdeiinitur,

Nam

vera refutationis notio

ita

ut

ex propositionibus ab adversario
thesi repugnet
est)
,

concessis cogi debeat quod

sine ambiguitate (sic enim revera definienda non expresse numerandum est in vitiis refutationis si quid ambigue cogatur, quum revera niliil omnino cogatur ubi syllogismus ambiguitatem quandam liabet, sed ambiguitas nonnisi propterea in syllogismi vitiis numeranda est, quod renam arfutatio ambigua verae refutationis speciem liabet
,
:

gumentationis ambiguitas

efficit,

ut dubitetur

num

revera ad-

Etenim ei qui redarguitur semper licebit dicere non cum eo ipso quod conteudat pugnare conciusionem, sed esse ambiguam: quod etiam si non verum est, tamen facit ut dubitetur num refutatio bene liabeat necne. Quod autem volunt qui disputant, ut simpliciter aut affirmet aut neget qui respondeat, id nonnisi in iis fieri debet quae nam si interrogatio ambigua est distinnon s\mt ambigua
versarius redarguatur necne.
: ,

ctione facta respondendura erit

(cf.

Top. VIII.

c. 7,

ad

quem

560
locum
nus
respicit b
.38).

Toiica.

in Plat. Eutliyd. p.

Ciim 124

vs.
:

cf.

quae dedit Winckelman11. c. 6.

Cresoll. Tlieatr. Rhetor.

p. 76: prisca lex diaiecticorum,

propter

quam

solutio captio-

num

difficilior esse

videbatur, haec fuit, ut doctissimus vir

prodit,

simpiiciter aiendo vel

set, ei

non esset aliud respondere quara negando: qui aiiud quidpiam addidismulta imposita et totius disputationis ignarus habebaut interrogato fas

tur:

V.

Gell. XVIir. c.

ir,

Ib. p.

XXIII. not. b:

Diog. Laert.

de Menedemo: cprjOl d' 'HQa^Klddrig ev (ihv tols 66yfiaai niarcovLxov dvat avtov^ dLaTcat^Eiv 6s ta ^LaksjCtLxd^ (06tE AkE^ivoV TlOtE dlEQOJtyaaVtOS, eI TlETiaVtaL TOV JCtttEQU
II, 1.35

TVTCtCOV^
r'

AXV

OVt' EtVTCtOV, (pdvttL

OVtE TCETCttV^aL.
t)

TCtthv
trjv

ovv EXELvov Uyovtog^ '^XQV^ Elnovra vai

bItie,

ov kv0tti

d(i(pL^oUav, re^oLOv,

tols vfLStEQOis vo^ioig dxolov&slv

E^ov Ev nvlais dvtLijvaL\ 175 b 17 De iis quae sub sensus cadant et mutationi obnoxia sint idem nomen modo pi'aedicari modo non praedicari posse exemplo allato demonstrat , quod ab Alexandro in schol. (310 b21) exponitur. Vs. 21 pro t6 tov legendum opinor t6 rovrov rbv quod codicum vestigia videntur demonstrare. Non recte enim solvi dixitAristoteles hoc sophisma ab iisqui dicant

tovrov
Cixbv

(lEv

tbv KoQiaxov {rbv

firj

'XEiiaXvfi^iEvov intell.) (lov-

rovrov 6e rbv KoQiSxov {rbv xExalv^i^iEvov) d}iov<}Ov: nam qui dicit tovtov tbv KoqlGkov idem plane pronuntiat (d avtbs E<5tttL loyos), sive tov XExaXv^iiiEVOV intelligit sive tov (irj XExalviiiiEvov quare aut vs. 20 delendum erit prius tovrov aut vs. 21 legendum rb tovrov rov, praesertim quum etiam vs. 22 articulum rbv in optt. codd. per scribentium negligentiam omissum esse appareat. Quoniara autera non satis constet quae vera sit lectio, servavimus quod dedit Bkkus. De sophismate ipso ab Eubulide proposito v. Menag. ad Diog. Laert. II, 108. 175 b 23 At, ait, ni fallor, sophisma ita solvendum est, ut verba Tovrov tbv KoQiaaov non idem in utraque propositione significare dicamus: nam ne nudum quidem Corisci nomen in iilo sophismate unara et eandem significationem habet. Si
ELvai^
:

quis

autem

in altera propositione Coriscura simpliciter dictum

velit, in altera

vero non simpliciter, sed ;,aliquem Coriscum"

ipsura

vel

hunc Coriscum", hoc

absurdum

est:

nara eodera

Topica.
hire in utravis propositione noraen Corisci et

d61

nudum

et

pro-

nomine

,,aiiquis" vel liic" adiecto pronuntiabitur.

iit

115 b.34 Exspectabas

diceret

dicc

rrjv

nvxvorrjra rav JtQO-

rEivo^svcov d^(pi^6lciv.

175 b 39 Si vero qui ambigua argumentatione utitur e duabus interrogationibus non faceret unam, sed ipse diversis verbo-

rum
aut

significationibus

distinctis

singula seorsum interrogaret,

revera

redargueret
si

adversariimi

aut non redargueret:

redargueret enim,

propositio ambigua

quam

sibi dari vult

utroque sensu aut certe eo sensu accepta ab adversario conceditur, quo ipse eam inteliigere debet, ut refutatio conficiatnr; quod si non fit, tliesin non redarguet. Quare qui aliquid ambigui interrogat idem plane facit atque is qui duas
interrogationes in

unam
e.

contrabit.

Cum

iis

quae sequun-

tur 176 a.3

cf.

quae habuimus 169 a 6.

ft^

176 a 8

117]

JiaQovrav, h.

d^q^olv naQOvrav dXKa rov srs-

QOV ^ovov.
176 a 16 dTtOKSXQLraL.

sum

reddit,

is

Qui ad plures quaestiones imum responnon respondisse putandus est, si verbum re-

spondendi sensu artis dialecticae proprio accipiatur. Sicut hoc loco Aristoteles t6 dTtoxQlvsGd^ab opponit t BiQTjxsvai., ita t6 GvkXoyl^sCd^ai opponit ra %SQaivs6^ai et ra dvayxaiov Ti yivs6%ai. de quo v. quae diximus ad 45al8 extr. et ad 29a21. Vs. 17 t6 6v(iaivov intell. rov Cv^^aivovra naQa^.oyLG^ov. Rectius enim lioc explicatur ab Alexandro schol. 311 a 42 quam ib. vs. 23. 176 a 19 Repetit quod initio huius capitis dixit. 176 a 24 Tutius est respondere s6ra quam vai vel xal (idla vel alia huiusmodi, quia qiiae concedimus verbo Eora non tam quia vera sunt q\iam ne interroganti sine causa con-

tradicamus quasi gratificantes

postea accidat, ut ex
possimus.
xsiv
iis

Item

si

utendum

est.

ei dedisse videbimur, ut, si redarguamur, facilius ea retractare naQado^ov aliquod concedimus, verbo doNam si non simpliciter hoc verum esse

asserimus, sed nobis quidem videri dicimus, thesis nostra neque redargui neque valde improbabiiem eam esse demonstrari poterit.

176 a 27 Aliud artificium explicat, per quod refutationem subterfugere possimus. Namque quum supra expositum sit de principii petitione (v. Top. VIII. c. 13), nobis quoque hac exII.

36

562

Topica.

ceptione utendum est, ut principii petitionem admissam esse

dicamus. Etenim quum ii qui thesin defendant, si iam eo perventum esse sentiant, ut propediem redarguantur (av '^ Gvvsyyvs^ intell. ro sv dQxfj ijyovv tb eksyxeod^ai) neganda esse quaedam putent ex iis quae adversariiis sibi dari velit principii petitionem admissam esse dictitantes, item etiam nobis hoc artificio utendum est , ut, si adversarius aliquid falsi vei absurdi sibi concedi veJit quod ex thesi nostra fluat, principii petitionem eum facere dicamus. Nam quae ex ipsa thesi flnunt tam arcte cum ea coniuncta sunt, ut niliil interesse videatur, utrum ipsam faisam vel absurdam esse concedamus an ea quae iilius sint necessario consequentia. Vs. 28 recepimiis lectionem jtdvtcjg, quippe quam Boethius,
^

vet.

intp.

et

editiones

Basii.

Paris.

Hilden.

Sylb.

Casaub.

praebeant.

176 a 33 Si adversarius propositionem qiiae notionem universalem habet dvcovv^iov (v. quae diximus ad 19 b 6) per dvaXoyiav demonstravit (de qua quidera argumentatione conf. 98a20 et 14al8), ita ei occurrendum est, \\i dicamus non
servatum esse ab eo quod dicitur ,,tertium coraparationis",
h. e.

non ea ipsa rerum

concesseriraus vel
nihil ex iis

sirailitudine eum usura esse quam quam ipse sumserit. Sin autem (vs. .36) quae modo exposuimus adhibere liceat, ut pro-

hibeamus quominus redarguaraur, dicendura est non recte demonstratum esse ab adversario, quia non servaverit veram refutationis definitionem (v. quae diximus ad 168 a 18 coll.
171 a
votg,
5).

Vs. 36 editiones Bklio priores liabent

si,SiQyoyi,s-

ille

recte recepit lectionem dilficiliorem s^SiQyo^svov^

conf.

cum qua

quod

liabuiraus

151 b 14 sq.

avtbv ol6tsov.

177 a 25 TCQOGtid^svta diOQ&atsov. 179 a 30 Qrjvsov Ov^^i^cc6&svtas. 1294 a 35 codnSQ Ov^^oXov la^^dvovtas <Svv&stsov.

439 b 19

TtSQi ds tav dXXav iQay.dtav i]dt] disXo^ivovs noCaxag svdsx^tai yiyvsd&ai Xsxtsov. 1324 a 3 TCQbs ds tovs d^fpiG^ritovvtas, sdGavtas stcX ty\s vvv iis^obov 8ia6xsjcteov

vGtSQOv.
rrjv
TCSQi

1338 b 15 ovts TCQbs fiiav oijts TCQbs fidhdta tav^ksnovta TCOirjtsov trjv STtifis^Siav. Cf. taraen 685 b 30

T&v

i^cootoKcov sTCidKSTCtsov aQ^afisvois dnb quod huic exerapio liaud dissimiie est 686 a 6 dvdyxrj yaQ tovto t6 [lOQiOV exnv Totg evai^ois. Cura iis quae sequuntur inde a vs. 39 cf. Top. VIII. c. 7.

tav svai^cjv aal

vnoXoiitcov et

Topica.
116 b 10 det to lAatTov didovca, h. e. xovro ov dvtog ^rj s^ dvdyxr]g 6tl ^dtsgov^ sicut quod de specie dicitur, id non simul conceditur de genere, quamquam quod de hoc, id siraul valet

de

ilia.

cularia

sunt quae

Causa in eo conceduntur

est, et

quod quo magis partiquo pauciora eorura sunt

eget propositionibus,
etiara

consequentia,

eo pluribus
veiit.

adversarius

ut efficiat quod

Dedimus TtotSQOV^ quod

Boe-

thius habuit, vertitenim interrogato utroque". Idera editio-

nes Bliko priores praebent.

Lectio TCQOtSQOV non videtur probanda propterea, quod haec vox cura praecedente SQCOta^svov
coniungi nequit: sin autera cura verbo dsl coniungatur, sensus exit huic loco parura conveniens ov yaQ 8sl TtQotSQov Sidovai
:

dlXa tb ftsl^ov ^r^da^ag quod recte vidit Alexander schol. 311 b 14. Quae sequuntur aut ita interpretari licet (coil. 123 b 31), ut Aristoteles dicat: Si quis probet speciera generis male a nobis
fisl^ov^
di.86vai^

tb sXattov vGtSQOv 8s tb

constitutara esse

quia generi aliquid

sit,

sit

contrariura

speciei

vero non

sit,

quamvis verura

ita

occurrendum
(coll.

est,

ut di-

caraus etiani speciei esse quidera aliquid contrarium, sed dvco-

vv^ov
Si

lioc esse;

aut loci sententia liaec est

106 a 36).

adversarius

ambiguitatera notionis,
,

qua^ nos ambiguam

iili

esse negaviraus
tioni aliquid
si

eo probat, quod dicit esse quidcra

si

no-

contrarium,

cura

aliis

notionibus coniungatur,

aliis, nihil ei esse contrarium, respondendum tamen ei esse aliquid contrarium, sed dvcovvfiov. Nobis quidem prior interpretatio, cuius auctor est Alexander, quura siraplicior sit, raagis arridet, quia iara in iis quae praecesserunt de genere et specie cogitavisse videtur Aristoteles. 176 b 18 Si servetur interpimctio quam dedit Bkkus, equidem quoraodo locus intelligi possit non video deerit enira apodosis , ut nihil Aristotelem dixisse appareat. Accedit quod non hic sibi respondent particulae Ttotsgov et rj vs. 20 propterea quod particulara ^, quara neque Boethius habet neque vet. intp. neque Paraphr. ed. Spengel. p. 95, 3, aliunde intrusam esse apparet quare nos sublatis uncinis quibus ille inclusit verba xaXovcjL dTtoqidijstg., apodosin verbis ag at yva^at (h. e. dTtonQitsov .,c5s at yva^av") contineri putamus, ut sententia loci haec sit. Ubi dubitatur utra propositio pro vera haberi soleat interrogatione bipertita proposita {tb TCQOtSLVOfiBvov TtotSQOv)., ambigue respondendum est

vero cura

est vel sic

36

564

Topica.
"

verbis cog cct yvanccL. Nam yvcofir] et veram opinionem et negationem \iniversalem significat. (Quid sit olr] d7c6(pa6is faciie inteiligitur ex iis quae iegimus Anal. pr. II. c. 2 4, ubi saepissirae propositio okrj i)ev8r]s opponitur t^ BTti ti tl^BvdH.)

De

yvcSfiy v. I14:ial9

ij

ds ica^ov[ievr]
7]

yvoofir].,

aa^'

rjv

sd-

yvcaiiovas nal bxuv (pa(isv yvcjfiijv,

.
.

xov enLELXovs ^tl xqldQd^r] 6' 1] Tov dlr^d^ovs. lH94a22 B6tL 8e yvd)(ii] 6ls 6q&i]. dkXa nad^ddnofpavdLS., ov ^ivtOL tibqI tarv xad'' axa6tov lov xal oi tibqI ndvtcov yLa^okov dkla itBQl oCcov ai
. . .

'

JiQa^SLS
coGt'

sIgI.,

xal atQSta

rj

q^svxtd sGti TtQos tb TtQdttSLV.

tlsql

snsl

ta svQ^vfirj^ata 6

tovtcav 6vkXoyL6[.L6s s6tL

sv9v^r]fxdtcav %aL ai dQ%aL
. .

CX^Sov, td ts Gv^uTtSQdc^ata
8s trjs altias nal tov 8La

tav

dq)aLQS\fsvtos tov CvXkoyLd^ov yva^ai, sl6lv

ti,

nQ06ts%si67]S

sv9v^r]^d s6tL tb aTtav. 17Cb20 Si de propositionis veritate dubitatur, nomina mutare

debemus: nara quia de veritate dubitatur, qui nomen tantum mutat niliil facere videbitur quod sopliisraatis speciem habeat, et quia opiniones variantur, nihil falsi dicere videbitur

nam

rautato nomine efficitur, iit propositio redargui nequeat. Etenim quum refutatio sit 6vlkoyL6^bs dvTL<pd6sos noraine mutato vera dvti(pa6LS non cogitur ab adversario (coli. 167 a 23). Apparet ex iis quae dixiraus quo iure restituerimus lectionem yaQ vs. 24 quara etiara Paraphr. ed. Spengel. p. 95, 13, Boe.,

thius et vet. intp. habuerunt.

Cap. 18.

De

vera syllogismorum sophisticoium solutione.

iis

176 b 30 TtaQ'' onoiav... Cur haec addiderit ex quae dixit Anal. pr. II. c. 18.

intelligitur

176 b 33

slr]

av...,

h,

e.

sXr]

av

cSg

dkr^Q^as kv6LS

r]

slQr]fisvr]

vvv

(vs.

29

sq.) kv6LS,

quara verbis sequentibus per particu-

lam xat

adiectis accuratius explicat.

176b35 Qua quidem

distinctione facta, ait, apparet eos syllo-

gisraos qui faisara conciusionera recte cogant evertendos esse,

eos vero qui, quamquara syllogismorura speciera prae se ferant, neque taraen revera sint syllogisrai, in singuias partcs

ex quibus constent dissolvendos esse, ut perspiciatur qua in

parte vitiura adraissum
sit.

176b37

tcbv 6vklskoyL6^svc3v koycov, intell. tarv ipsv8av.

Di-

stinguit

enim hic syilogismos qui e

falsis

propositionibus ve| dlr]-

ram

conclusionera et eos qui e falsis falsam cogant.

Topica.

565
8'
si

Q^av ^iv yccQ otux iGxl ^bv8oq CvlXoyiGao^ai^ sx 4^Ev8av

iCxiv dkri%ig (53 b 7 sqq.).
fecta est falsa

Vs.

-39

xat yaQ... Naraque

conclusio est lalsa, altera certe propositionum ex quibus efsit

necesse

est,

quod probavit 5Ta36

sq.

Quae

quum

177 32), iis qui falsum syliogismum evertere velint priraum investigandura est nura oninia quae sylita sint (ait

logisrai definitio postulet revera in eo sint observata, deinde,

si

syllogisraus ipse

bene habeat, perscrutanduranumconclusio

si

sit

vera an falsa, ut,

vera

sit, singulis

partibus ex quibus
syllogismura ever-

coraponatur cognitis (8iatQ0vvrg

positio sit falsa,
si

vs, 4)

exploreraus utra prosit,

vero conclusio falsa

ita,

tamus (dvaiQOVvrsg)

ut

aut alteram propositionera aut

(^ a8s t) ca8s). pugnare ea quae leguntur I76b.36, ubi Aristoteles non nisi eos syllogismos, qui speciem tantum habeant syllogismorura, quaraquam revera nihil cogant, solvendos esse dicat per StaiQSOLV., cura iis quae haberaus 177 a 5, ubi etiara eos qui verara conclusionem e falsis propositionibus recte cogant, dLaLQSOst facta solvendos esse dicat, no-

conclusionera falsani esse deraonstreraus

quis putet

Ne

tandum
bus
giosL.

est,

quod

ii,

quorum

conclusio vera ex propositioni-

falsis

efficitur,

ut solvantur et ^lulqbOSl egent et dvatfalsa

sit,

Hi enim,
in

ut cognoscatur ntra propositio

prius

partes

ex quibus constant dissolvendi sunt

quam

propositio falsa ipsa redargui potest.

Cap. 19.

De

redarguendis syllogismis qui vel voce vel

oratione ambigua utuntur.

177 a 12 Exemplum quod hic aflFertur habuimus 166 a 12. Alterum exemplura sic inteUigendura est. 6 rLg STcioraraL rovro GvvsTiiOraraL (intelligit). ovrog 8' sniOraraL (raeraoria tenet) ra ia^^sla, GvvsniOraraL aQa ra la^^sla dkk^ ov OvvsniOra'

raL' sOrL

yaQ

i^icoryjg (cf.

166 a 18

sqq.).

Conclusio non am-

sed propositio minor, quia qui dicit aliquera scire carraina aut memoria eum tenere dicit carmina aut eum inbigua
est,

telligere carmina.

177 a 14 Quod oratione ambigua exprimitur quodammodo esse et quodaramodo non esse dicitur: significatur enim verbo Particula dkXa senambiguo et quod est et quod non est. sum aliquantulum turbat, quamquam praecedente negatione

excusatur.

566

Topica.

1T7 a 16 Quorum syllogismorum conclusio ambigua est, quia non efficitur syllogismus quo redarguamur, nisi adversarius a nobis impetraverit ut ei concesseriraus quod tliesi nostrae repugnet (66bl0), in iis cavendum est, ne ambiguam propositionem concedamus (hoc enim, quamquam non expresse dicitur, Aristotelem dicturum fuisse patet: id enim agit, ut doceat quomodo occurrendum sit sophismati); si autem conchisio

non

est

ambigua, sed propositiones tantum aliquid amtliesi

bigui habent, non opus est, ut orationem ambiguitate libere-

mus.
lit

Nihil

enim

nostrae nocebit,

si

quibus argumentatur adversarius,

ut nos
vs.

dum

id

ambigua sunt ex quod probare ve-

redarguat non sit ambiguum. Praepositio Ttgbs 20 eundem habet sensum quem exposuimus ad .50all, Exemplum quod habetur vs. 17 sq. quale sit ex iis apparet quae leguntur 166 a 9 sq., id vero quod sequitur vs. 21 illustratur coll. 165 b 34 sqq. 177 a 20 av (xqxtj ^V oi)v..., h. e. si statim ab initio ambiguitatem perspicimus opponitur enim quod sequitur vs. 24 eav

177 a 27 Nonne quisque quod

scit intelligif? Profecto, quammemoria tantum complectuntur non semper intelligunt quod sciunt non est enim idem neminem intelligere quod sciat et nullum eorum, qui memoria tantura teneant quod sciant, intelligere quod sciat. Apparet ex iis quae dixiraus non recte fecisse Bkkum, quod pro ozi, quod edd. priores habent, scripserit on.

quam

ii

qui quod sciunt

Cap. 20.

J)e

corrigendis syllogismorum

vitiis in

coniun-

ctione et disiunctione verborum positis.

177 a 37 Paralogismus inde nascitur,

quod

d)

et

tovta modo
tVTttofievov.

cum verbo

eidsg coniunguntur

modo cum verbo

Quamvis autem ambiguitatem quandam talia habere videantur, tamen non in arabiguis haec numeranda esse docet, sed
in
iis si

syilogismis qui peccent in coniunctione verborum.

Namnon

que
si,

disiimgimtur verba quae coniungi debent,

oratio

arabigua dicenda est propterea, quod oratio ambigua dicitur,

quaraquam una

et eadera raanet, taraen duplicera

sensum

habet, ea oratio vero quae duplicem constructionem admittit,

ut alia verba

cum

aliis

coniungi possint,
tckqcic

revera una et ea8calQB6iv

dem
dici

dici

nequit.

Quare t6
nisi

trjv

ambiguum

non potest,

etiam singula verba quae accentu vel

Topica.

5(57

spiritii differunt pro ambiguis habenda sunt (notandum est autem, quod pro Grj^alvu atEQOV b 4 accuratius dicendum erat Aristoteli dt,rt6v ioriv. quae quidem negligentia facile ex-

cusatur, quum idem etiam sic exprimere liceat: iXmQ xal rb dQog xal OQog dvofia ev ov ovx dsl rairbv Grjualvu dXX^ etEQOv): namque quo iure pro una oratione haberetur quod diverse construitur. eodem etiam dQog et OQog pro una voce

haberentur.
paret.

At quum nemo

sit

qui hanc

vocem ambiguam
vertit:

esse dicat, neque rb naQcc rrjv dialQBCLV arabiguum esse ap-

Boethius omissa particula

^rj vs. 3

siqui-

dem

ora et hora secundum accentum proiata significant aliud".

esse

Patet autem particulam ^rj deietam

Bi7t8Q ^rj xal
.

ab

coniungenda putarent cum

at
facile

praecesserunt;
0^5

tollitur difficultas

iis qui verba quae proxime omnis, si verba iis

yaQ 6 adrog Xoyog yivErat diaiQov^Evog

si

ita

accipiantur,
e.

ac

in

parenthesi dicta

sint.

Vs. 6 xaxft, h.

ubi

ambigi possit de accentu vel spiritu qui ponendus sit. Quod non continuo cohaeret cum vs. sq. dicit coGt od dittbv
. .
.

iis

quae provime antecesserunt

vs. 1

sed

cum

iis

quae habuimus

4.

117 b 13 Qua in re sophisma constet quod hic commemoratur videmus ex schol. .31.ibl. Cura iis quae vs. seq. leguntur

quae habuimns 20b35 et schol. 128 a 36. id bonura est discere, raali 177 b 16 Cuius doctrina bona est doctrinam nosse bonum est, quare raali aliquid discere bonum est. At quod raalura est, id et malum est et disci potest, ut potins dicendum sit malum esse, si quid mali discatur, quamquam mali doctrinam nosse bonum est. Quid haec significent optirae expli177 b 29 ov yocQ Ttdvrcog nara posse aliquera aliquid cat Alexander (schol. 313 b 34)
cf.
,
.

diciraus et

si

facultatem habet aliquid agendi et

6

si

nihil

eum
33
de

impedit quin agendi facultate quam habeat utatur. Cf.

iCtL 8b dvvdfiet, dXXcag
'^drj

25.5 a

^avd^dvcov STiiGtijfiav
firj

v-al

6 Bxav

xal

iir]

d^ecoQav ... 6 yccQ sxcav aTadrij^rjv

Tcag.,

^EaQ&v

dvvd^EL E6rlv ETCLCrrj^av

dkX' ov^

g xal

tcqlv ^a&slv.

177 b 33 dXV a(Jrt..., h. e. solutio sophisraatis ipsa est sophiIdem vitium reprehenditur de coel. stica, cf. 170 a 12 sq.

294 b 8 nadL

yccQ

rjfilv

tovto Ovvrj^Eg^
sit

fi^ TCQbg

tb TCQayfia

noLEiCd^aL ttjv txitriGLV dXXa TtQbg tbv tdvavtia Xsyovta., qui-

bus, ut explicet quid

rb JtQbg xb Ttgdyfia.,

addit dib SeI

oi-

Tov fiiXXovta xaXag ^rjf^Gsiv lv6tatLxbv BLvac dLa tav

51)8

Toplca.
rovto
8* s6tlv ex

xsicav BvStdCEcav tra yevet,

xov nd6a$

ts-

%C3QrjxBvat tag diacpoQag.

Cap. 21.

De

vitiis

syllogismorum quae ex prosodia na-

scuntur solvendis,
Cap. 22.
tb (Sirj^a
tijg

De

redarguendis

iis

paralogismis qui Jiunt naQa

ks^Eos. . .

118 a 5 sneinEQ 'sxo^sv categoriis enim bene distinctis apparebit qna in re vitium admissum sit. Namque concessit qui interrogatus est non praedicari de alia re, sed per se consistere quodcunque substantiam exprimat, alter vero id quod revera est quantum vel nQog tt, quamvis speciem substantiae
habeat, praedicari de
aiia re

demonstrat, ut demonstravisse

videatur substantiam de alia re praedicari.

Monendum

est,

quod exempium substantiae Aristoteles non

eo servatum
Iv t(p8s
iri

servavit,

quod ab

in sequentibus verisimile erat, quia adiecitotov

ta

Xoyc).

In paralogismo sequente confunduntur ca-

tegoriae faciendi et patiendi:

quare

dicit (vs. 18)

eum non

redargui, qui t6 oq&v categoriae faciendi subiectum esse neget: hoc est enim quod tacite sumit adversarius, nt paralogi-

smum
vsg.,

conficiat.

Cf. 4 19 a 13

t6 [isv ;^pW|ua xcvsi tb dtaq^atc toij aio&ijtixoij yivstat

olov tbv dsQa, vnb tovtov 8s Gvvsxovg ovtog mvsltai

.
.

tb aioQrjtrJQLOV
t6 OQav.

%d6%ovtog ydQ

178a24 t6 avto

.,

intell. oTi (paivstai

8s8cJHSvat 8

otu 8s8g)}CSV,

d^Xa i8iov SQostijfiatog nQ068sl. llSa."?! Solutionem sophismatis semper incipit per particuiam^. Confunditur in hoc exemplo categoria substantiae cum categoria quantitatis. Nam quum ille quaesiverit quid habeat aiter, conclusionem ita exprimit, quasi quaesivisset quanta haberet (GvvdySL snl tov o6a vs. 33). Vs. 35 particuia aQa melius abesset, quoniam quaestio quam particula si oratione obliqua incepit, iam per particulam aQU exprimitur oratione

recta.

118 a .31

non unum talum solum habet, sed plures, unum eum dedisse quod non habeat unum solum. Nam voce soIum" non exprimitur id quod habeat, sed quomodo habeat, h. e. num cum aliis habeat an sine aliis. Quare in illo paralogismo confimditur categoria
Si, qui

dat alteri, falso cogitur

Topica.
substantiae ciim categoria relationis.

569

&0V quam habemus bl

Orationem dvaxolovoptime supplevit auctor parasi i]QBto

. .
.

phrasis ed. Spengei. p. lOT coOJtSQ o^v,

cpuve-

Qov rjv otL ov Gv^koyl^EtaL, ovtco xdxBl: nam in utroque exemplo non quid habeat, sed quoraodo habeat (^ovov 7] fter'
cckkov

taxBCjg

J)

fiy

178 b 10 Reprehendit eos

ut categorias

taxBog) quaeritur. qui tales syiiogismos non

esse

ita solvant,

distinguendas

doceant (quod faciendum

esse modo ipse ostendit), sed ita ut aut conclusionem aut propositionem maiorem veram esse negent. Namque conciusionem evertunt et ii qui dicunt eum qui videat revera habere unum oculura solum , quia quicunque duo vel plures

habeat,
ccQa
G)

eundem unum solum

[irj

BXBL 6cp%aX^ci %8ol

certe habere necesse sit [o^dx av dkV cp B%ii) , et ii qui , si

quis argutetur

dicens:

autem unum calculum, ergo

falsum est,
si

5,Quod quis liabet , accepit, accepit liabet imura calculum" (quod

ilie,

antequara

unum

accepit, plures iam pos-

sidebat), ita occurrant, ut dicant certe alterura qui acceperit

imum solum
(Notandum
sunt OL 8b
[iBv

calculura iiabere acceptura ab altero qui dederit.

est,
Tial
. .

quod quae leguntur vs. 11 seq. brevius dicta Sententia enim haec est: o^oicog 81 tLVsg
.

XvovGl
y,a\

x.al

akXov naQaXoyLGyLov 8LOQ&ovvtBg tb Gv^tibcag

Qa6y,a
vs.
vs.

iByovtBg

d b%bl BXaj^Bv:

nam

verbis tLvlg ^lbv

10 non respondent verba ol 8b vs. 11, sed quae habentur Propositionem maiorera vero evertimt (vs. 14) qui 14.)
fieri

dicunt

posse

ut quis habeat

quod non
vs.

acceperit.

Pec-

cant autem utrique (ovtoL ndvtsg

logismis
:

16) in solvendis para-

si haec solutio vera esset (b'l yccQ rjv avtrj At5V. quae diximus ad 67a35 et ad 20a31), qua in re vitium positum esset patefacere deberet (176 b 29), ut, si concederemus verura esse id ipsum ex quo syllogismi falsinam 8L86vaL tb dvtatem ortam esse vera solutio docet

nam

Cig vs. 18.

tLXBifiBvov (intell. tovtcp naQ' o lctLV 6 X6yog.

dicitur

is

qui pro

vero

ipsa solutio demonstrat

si

Cf. 179 a 12) habet et concedit cuius falsitatem refutationem effugere non posse-

mus
stica

(o{)X ol6v ts Xvblv).

fit

Nam

ex

omni refutatione sophi-

refutatio vera,

pro vero conceditur id quod falqui distinctione facta sol-

sae ratiocinationis

causa est (nuQ' o Cvfx^aivBL tb rpBvSog).,

velut per syllogismum

ambiguum

vendus est

ita

ut dicamus

l'0tt fiBv

8 ^GtL

8'

oii, re.vera

570

Topica.
vs.20),
si

redargmmur (ev^nEQcctvetaL
omissa distinctione
tra
cit
si

propositionem ambigiiam

sirapliciter verara esse concedimiis.

Con-

ne posito qiiidem eo

in qiio peccatnra esse soiutio di-

redarguiraur, solutionem ipsam falsara esse apparet.

Unde

patet iure repreJiensara esse

vs.

eam

solutionera quara habuiraus

10: nam etiamsi expresse concediraus et veram ponimus propositionem maiorem in qua peccatum esse ilii contendunt, tamen revera non redarguimur, quia talem argumentationem,
in

qua substantia cura reJatione confunditur, revera quidquam

est.

cogere negandum

178 b 28 AJexander et paraplir. ed. Spengel. ita Imnc locum explicant, ac si habuissent toGovdB pro tods. At quod Aristoteles Si et vera et falsa oratio significarent tods tu dicit hoc est.
et oratio,

dum

scriberetur, vera esset,

siraul verara et

nimc vero

falsa, se-

queretur eandera

falsam esse:
orani tempore.

nam

res est (t6 t68t to) idem

manet

id quod Ceterum cf.

quae habuimus 4a35. 178 b 35 oi^dBtSQOv^ h. e. 0^50'' svQsv ovt^ s^ad^sv, &0t' otux oids ta dfiq)C3. At, ait, in conclusione quae quis scit universa et coniuncta (jrav, i. e. a(ia %av) considerantur, in propositione vero non coniuncta, sed singula quaeque {oi% anavta). Cf. Negationem oi% quara et edd. quae dicemus ad 179^23. Quale sit sophisma de et intpp. habent omnes reduximus. tQitcp dv^QCOTiGi explicuit Alexander schol. 314 b 42. 179 a 3 sx^fiG^ai est aliquid ita ponere, ut seorsum considerari debeat (cf. quae diximus ad 26b7, 28a23 et bl3). Quare non ab orani parte verura est quod dicit Alexander (schol. 315 a 5) t6 s%ti%s6%ai slvat tb vnaQhv s^slv Idiav: expresse enira adiicit Aristoteles vitiura sophismatis non in eo positum esse, quod universalis hominis notio seorsum consideretur {sv td) sxrid^sC&ai,) ^ sed in eo quod pro substantia habeatur quae per se sola consistat.

vuntur., si

Cap. 23. Syllogismi quorum vitium in dictione est solnegatur cuius affirmatio syllogismum fecit falsum.
dicitur

Quod

hic de solutione buimus cap. 18.

consequens est eorum quae ha-

179 a 17 Si paralogismo facto cogimur, ut quod animatum sit animatura esse negeraus (oiov Ukdtcov dtddCxsi., dtddGxsi ds
tq dipv%ov.i olov t6 ^i/3Atov,

nXdtav dQa

dipvxov).,

patefa-

Topica.
ciendxim est illud animatum esse:
esse quod inanimatum
sit
si

571
vero cogitur animatum
dtdacJxfi,
ita

(otov tb

^i^Uov

ro dt-

dccGKOv sfLipvxov, xo (iL^Uov ccQu E^^^vxov)

est, ut illiid

inanimatum esse dicamus.

occurrendum Lectionem cog sGtlv

,

di^vxov

vs.

18 quara Boethius et vet. intp. praebent reiicien-

iis apparet quae proxime sequuntur. 179 a 20 Item ut solvantur qui fiunt ^aga xo G%ri^a. x^g A6|acjg, id quod admisso vitio repugnet categoria cui quaeque notio

dam

esse ex

subiecta

sit

recte constituta proferendum esse docet.

pla facile intelliguntur ex capite antecedente.

Vs. 23
svgav

Exembre-

vius dixit aAA' od^

ix

pro dXk' o^% azavta

r)

iTiiGta-

tai

rl

ajiavta

^rjcd^cov,

Cap, 24.
cidenle.

J)e redarguendis syllogismis qui peccant in ac-

179 a 27
cetur simul

Quum

incertum sit quando quod de accidente praedietiam de re ipsa praedicetur (hoc enim causam esse

huius paraiogismi vidimus 166b29)

necessario

enim de utroque vero non necessario de utroque omni syllogismo quo ad rera ipsam transfertur quod de accidente praedicatur ita occurrendum est, ut de re ipsa et de accidente idera non necessario praePromti autem semper esse debemus ad dicari dicamus. demonstrandum quale sit quod de utroque praedicari debere negamus: sunt enim alia (jv^^B^rjxota xaO^' avta eaqiie nealia

praedicari videntur

alia

cessario

cum

rei natura

coniuncta,

alia

vero

ita

comparata,

non abesse a rebus quarum sunt acPrima exempla quae cidentia (v. quae diximus ad 71 b 10). afferuntur qualia sint Aristoteles ipse docet in seqq. , de quarto v. Plat. Euthyd. 298 E , de quinto scliol. .315 a 45. Vs. 36 o^x dvdyxr] to xatcc tov Gvn^s^rjicotog (olov xo dbv sivtti xocta toij TtatQog) xal xatcc tov TtQdy^atog (fiyovv rov ^vvog) dXri^svsG^fai., coGts 6bv sivai, jiatSQa tbv xvva. 179 b 11 Solutionem modo propositam primum reprehendit propterea quod, si vera esset, non eadem sohitio conveniret in omnes eiusdem generis paralogismos (eos intell. qui in accidente peccant) convenit enim iiia quidem in eos qui idem simui sciri et nesciri cogunt, non convenit in eos qui non probant aliquid sciri vel nesciri, sed aiiquid esse vel quodam modd se habere. Deinde (ait vs. 17, ubi secunda reut possint et abesse et

572
prehensio exponitur)
pluribus modis

Topica.
fieri potest,

ut in

eadem argumentatione
paralogismus
in eo in-

simul peccatum
quis
et

sit,

quamquam
qui

non solutus esse dicendus

veniatur.

est, si falsi

quodcunque

Velut etiam

si

Zenonem

motum
illius

dari ne-

gat

ad
ille

absurdum
non
solvit
:

dediicat

revera coegerit falsum esse

argiimenta
solutio patefacere

quod

contendat,

tamen fallaciam quam

vera

Iiabent

nam

debet quo-

modo
si

liat ut

specie paralogismi propositi decipiamur.

Quare

quamvis videatur (quod accidit in iis paralogismis de quibus nunc sermo est, bv rois nccQcc xb 6v^^E^r]ic6s) , sive verum est sive falsum quod conficere velit, qui paralogismum solvit patefacere debet revera nihil coactum esse. Vs. 18 dedimus cc^aQtlas, quia iioyrpriQLas quod plurimi codices praebent e vs. antecedente hic videtur illatum esse. Vs. 22 recepimus lectionem quam optimi libri mss. cum editionibus plerisque exhibent licet Boethio et vet. intp. invitis: nam oratio maiorem vim habet si legimus dXX^ OTux (coll. quae diximus ad 112 a 19 extr.) , ut oi> yccQ alienae correctionis speciem habeat. 119 b 26 Tertium argumentum, quo solutionem supra expositam evertat, explicat. In quibusdam syllogismis, ait, fieri quidem potest, ut illa solutio bene habeat, in hos vero paralogismos minime convenit, quia, quura ille et Coriscum esse Coriscum et eum qui accedat accedere noverit, non dicendum est idem
alter

revera nihil coegit,

a se et sciri et ignorari

tem

illam solutionem

novit enim utrumque. Apparet aulocum habere non posse, nisi si alterum
:

sciretur, alterum nesciretur.

119b34 Secundum quod habuimus argumentum etiam

eos valet qui paralogismum 119 a 35 coramemoratum
vunt, ut oranem numerura et

contra
ita sol-

magnum et parvum esse dicant. quod revera nihil coactum esse non vident, sed verura syllogismum factum esse concedunt. 119 b 38 Alii denique argumentationem aliquid ambigui habere dicunt, quod falsum est propterea quod, quum dicis canis tuus est, canis pater est, ergo canis est tuus pater" neque singula verba neque sententia quam coniuncta expriraunt dupliPeccant enim
in eo,

cera interpretationem admittunt.

180 a8 Item etiam aliura paralogismum ita solvunt, ut orationem ambiguara esse dicant. Male. Nara xb xovxo xovxav
^lvai

non ambiguum

est,

sed aliquid ab aliquo possideri si-

Topica.
gnificat.
si

573

dicatur o dv^QOTiog

ficetur,

lioc ambigmim esse contendat (quia, tav ^aav sGzlv, non possessio signiut rov tovro tovtcav uvai etiam aiium sensum esse

Si quis

tamen

appareat

quam eum quo

quid
ita

aliquid ab aliquo possideri signifi-

cet, et quia, si

referatur ad ta xaxd (vs. 12), ut ge-

ponenda sint, velut si dicamus aTtaHayrj tav xadicendum sit tovto Hvai t&v xaxav^ h. e. coniungendum sit cum genitivo TdJv 'xanav' neque tamen propterea (9^ dnaklayij) in malis numerandum sit, unde appareat multiplicem sensum habere to tovto tovtcov Sivai), non tam in ambiguitate peccatum esse dicendum est, sed in eo, quod simpiiciter enuntiatura sit quod non nisi quodammodo atfirnitivo casu

X(av,

mari debebat:

nam

qui (pQoviqGLV dicit BTCiGt^^rjV tcov

xaxav

non simpliciter dicit (pQov^piv slvai tcav aaxav, dkXk nrj ttov lam his expositis et a Blcko et ab iis qui ante eum naxav. Aristotelem ediderunt falsa interpunctione facta hunc locum difficilem redditum esse apparet. Namque longiori oratione interiecta non mirum est, quod in altero membro, quod incipit verbis jcaQcc tovs. 13, particula ovv adiecta est: apodosin enim inceptae orationi deesse oblitus Aristoteles novum enuntiatum exorsus est (qua de re v. quae diximus I. p. 336). 180 a 14 Quare quamquam exempium quod modo liabuimus (lioc enim significat verbis etil tov koyov tovtov vs. 15) tb cpQOvtjGlv slvaL tav xaxav non ambiguum est, tamen fieri fortasse potest, ut ambiguitatem habeat, si dicatur dyadov tl

slvai

tav jcaxwv,

ut et aliquid boni

malum
,

esse et aliquid

eorumque usui At ne hoc quidem verum est quoniam

boni a malis
possideri
,

inservire significet.
si

quid est

bonum

et est toi5toi>

(li.

e. et

possidetur a pravo liomine), non con-

sequitur idem etiam esse dya%ov tovtov.

nam quae singula de aliqua re praedicantur, cadem etiara copulata de ea praedicentur non est necesse. Quare neque quum dicimus tbv dv%^QGinov tav ^cpav aivai., quidquam ambigui oratio habet. Nam si quando aliquid brevius iusto exprimitur [dcpslovtsg \s. 19) lioc enim facit qui dicit 6 dv&Qconog tav i:,co(av <Jr/,

quum

dicere

debeat sidog

ambiguam minime consequitur: nam sicut to firjvLV dsLds ^sd brevius dictum est, \\t sensu proprio acceptum non significet Iliadem,
vei aliud quid huiusmodi

Tt

tqv

^cocov

6 dvQ^QcoTcog s6tiv

orationera esse

574^

Topica.
oratio eius qui dicit 86g [iol xb [irjvLV ScBids d^ed Ilia-

tamen

dem

intelligens

ambigua

dici

non

poterit.

Cap. 25.

De

solve?idis iis paralogismis qui in eo peccant,

quod
est.

simpliciter

ponunt quod non

nisi

quodammodo verum

180 a 23 Qui redarguere

serunt quod non nisi
est,
sit,

veiit

paralogismos qui simpliciter as-

cum

adiunctione

quadam concedendum
fortasse lieri posei

conclusionem considerare debet,

ut

num

contrarium sit vel repugnet si utrumque cum adiunctione quodam dicatur vel alterum simpliciter, alterum cum adiunctione nihil enim absit
, :

simul ipsa

vera et id quod

surdi exit,

si

contraria vel repugnantia simul vera sint ita ut

aut utraque non simpliciter pronuntientur aut certe alterum. 180 a 33 Prima duo exempla quae hic habentur facile intelliguntur coll. 167 al sqq. tertium ab Aristotele explicatur vs. 39, de quarto v. schol. 316b26. 180 b 2 Item si oratio et aliquid falsi habet et aliquid veri, difjicile videtur ad diiudicandum num vera sit dicenda an falsa: fieri enim potest, ut simpliciter falsa sit, quodammodo vero vel certae cuiusdam rei ratione habita (?) xlvos vs. 6) vera, iit partim quidem sit vera, quamquam vera simpliciter dici
;

nequeat.

180 b 12 T avTip^ eidem homini. Namque quum exemplo proxime antecedente demonstratura sit idem simul esse posse bonum et malum, sed bonum alii horaini, alii raalum, nunc etiam eidem homini idem simul bonum et malura esse ostenditiir, quamquam non eodem tempore vel non eodem loco. 34. Similem quasi gradationem habuimus 167 a 29 180 b 24 Smim quemque habere iustum est; si iudex ex animi sententia iudicavit, iuste iudicavit, quare si ex animi sententia alii adiudicat quod alius habere deberet, ille possidebit lege certe iustura , natura iniustura. quod iustura est Vs. 25 ex optirais codicibus dediraus ipsvdijg., quod etiara vet.

intp. videtur

habuisse qui vertit: si

sit

sit falsus",

et

Boethius

qui habet

si

falsa (opinio intell.)".

180 b 31 Docet quoraodo solvendi sint paralogisrai quos habuimus vs. 24 et 26, quaraquam hoc iam satis manifestum est ex iis quae antecessenmt.

Topica.
Cap. 26.

575
qui refutationis dejinitio-

De

redarguendis

iis

nem non

observant.

181 a 2 ngoTSQOV respicit ad 167 a 21 sqq. Conclusionem ait considerandam esse nQbq ttjv dvtiq^aGLV., h. e. ita, ut cognoscatur

num

conclusio quidquara admittat quod uni eorum repugnet, quae ut observentur ipsa refutationis notio postulet, veiut num

admittat tb ovx dxjavtcog vel to otux bv ta quis autem statim ab initio interroget num

avta
fieri

iQOVCp.

Si

idem simul duplum sit non posse et concedendum quamquam non eo sensu quo, si dederimus, revera nos redargui intelieximus, h. e. non eo sensu quo contra definitionem refutationis supra a nobis propositam peccetur (non simpliciter, se^ adiunctis
Aera refutatione observanda sxmt).
tur facilia sunt ad intelligendum
ita
:

nequeat, ut et non dupliim, negandum est hoc fieri

iis

quae in

Exempla quae sequun-

occurrendum
,

est,

ut dicamus

teri ita

ut dicamus aAA' odx iv

nam priori paralogismo dkV ov Kata tavto alta avt<p XQOva. Vs. 16

.,

ex optimis codicibus quibuscum Boethius et

spirant adiecimus verba

vet. intp.

conscri-

xata

taiL)t6,

quae
et

et facile

per

bentium negligentiam omitti

hic inseri apparet,

potiiisse

haud interapestive

quura antecedentis paralogismi vitium in

sit, quod conclusio non dicatur xata tavto (cf. quae dixiraus ad 180 b 12 extr.). Accedit quod etiam plures editiones priores illa verba habent.

eo positum

Cap. 27.

Quomodo refutentur paralogismi

in quibus prin-

cipii petitio sit admissa.

181 a 15 Si statim ab initio perspicimus adversarium petere ut sibi detur quod probare debet, non dandura est, quaravis probabile sit, sed dicendum (quod verum est) concedi non posse

quod velit ille, sed deraonstrandum esse sin autem ab initio non perspexiraus petitionera principii ab altero fieri, sed refutatione confecta hoc cognoscimus, quod ipsi peccavimus in illura conferre debemus, ita, ut illum male arguraentatura esse dicaraus: nara in vera refutatione utendum non esse petitione principii. Denique (vs. 19) etiam ita occurrere licet, ut dicamus datura esse a nobis quod ille interrogaverit non ut propositionera, qua a nobis concessa ille ad nos redarguendos uti possit, sed ut tliesin contra quara disputare dequod plane contrarium est ei quod in syllogismis sobeat
;

576

Topica.

enim propositione data quacunqne adversarium inde redarguere studeant. Bkki interpunctionem qui retinuerit vs. 21, haud scio an hiinc
phisticis fieri solet: in his
ita

utuntur,

ut

locum

inteiiigere

non

possit.

Cap. 28.
consequentia.

De

solvendis paralogismts

quorum vitium

est in

181 a 22

3r' aitov tov loyov dsixtsov, ex argumentatione ipsa demonstrandum est non esse alterum alterius consequens, quod propositione non recte conversa posuit adversarius. Cf. quae habuimus 167 b 1 , ubi etiam de Melissi paralogismo sermo fuit.

Cap. 29.

De

redarguendis

iis

paralogismis qui assumunt

quod ad syllogismum non pertinet.

181 a 31 In
iis paralogismis qui in demonstrationem assumunt quod revera ad demonstrationem conficiendamnihilfacit {naQa td TCQoOtL&ivat, Tt), videndum est num eadem exeat demonstratio, etiam si illud praetermittatur. Quod si fit, dicendum est datum illud esse a nobis, non quia pro vero haberemus, sed ne argumentationi , quam adversarius conficere vellet, dicis causa ofFecisse videremur, himc vero iam non ita uti eo quod concessum sit, ut ad demonstrationem conficiendam aliquam vim habeat.

Cap. 30.

Ve
autem
aut

solvendis

iis

paralogismis qui ex pluribus

interrogationibus

unam
is

faciunt.

181 b

1 Sicut

qui propositionera

ambiguam

distinctione

non

facta

concessit simpliciter aut negavit,

si
,

quamquam
propositio

interrogatio

non erat simplex, non redarguitur,

utrocunque modo accepta aut vera est aut falsa item etiam qui in eo peccat, quod ad plures interrogationes simul propositas simpliciter respondet, non refutatur, si unum respon-

sum qii^od verum est

dedit simul omnibus interrogationibus convenit et

in omnibus.

Sin autem alterum affirmari debet,

si

alterum vero negari, vel

num
si

plura de pluribus praedi-

ita se habet, ut utrumque de utroque quodammodo praedicari possit, quodammodo non possit, facile redarguitur qui simpliciter omnia simul Notandum est, quod vs. 8 apodosis affirmat vel negat.

centur simul interrogatur et

res

T
deest,' qiiae facile

p i c a.

577

ex antccedentibus repetitur: plene enim dicendura erat dv^palvEL vitBvavttco^a, a6te tovt' sdla^r]tEov, inteli. td
ccTiXcbg
,

dnoxQivsO&at.
ait, si quis
sint

181 b 10 Exempli gratia

ctis

de bono

et

malo coniun-

interrogatus

num bona

an mala simpliciter respon-

et bona et mala ea esse cogi poneque bona esse neque mala. Nam simplex responsum quod datum est .,bona" vel ,.mala" non conveniet in utrumque: quare demonstrabitur quae bona et mala sint eadem esse cum iis quae neque bona sint neque mala. Deinde (vs. 13) si quis unumquodque secum idem et ab alio diversum esse uno responso edito concessit, eadem (duas res
terit et

det .,bona" vel .,mala",

A et B) et a se ipsis diversa et secura (inter se) eadem esse probatur, quum non cura aliis, sed secum ipsis eadem et inter se (a se ipsis, avtav) diversa esse datum sit. Denique (vs. 15) si quid boni corrumpitur, ut malum fiat, malum vero pro tempore bonum est, ex uno bono fiunt duo, malum et bonum. Duo autem quae sunt inaequalia, quum
intell. velut

utrumque
aequalia,

sibi ipsi sit

aequale,

et

aequalia sibi sunt

et in-

181 b 19 Dantur ctiam aliae Iiorum paralogismorum solutiones, ISam quura arabo iit si quis orationem ambiguam esse dicat.
sibi

aequalia esse dicuntur, hoc et ita intelligi potest, ut

alterura aiteri

si-

gnificet

esse aequale et

ita

ut utruraque sibi

vero inaequale. Eadem ambiomnia sibi aequalia esse dicuntur, ut voces .,ambo" et omnia" ambiguas esse appareat, quamquara optime huiusmodi sophismati occurri patet, si ad plures interrogationes non unum responsum detur, sed diversa: quod si fit, aliquid absurdi confici neutiquam poterit.

quidem
guitas

ipsi sit aequale, alteri

si

locum habet.

Cap' 31. Qttomodo occurrendum semel dicamus efficere student.

sit

iis

qui ut idem plus

181 b 25

Ne

idera plus serael dicaraus,

cavendum

est (cf.

173 al),

ne notiones relatas, quum simpliciter proferantur et sine eo ad quod referantur, aliquid significare concedamus, velut diipli notionem sine notione dimidii nihil significare dicen-

dum

est:

nam

videtur quidera altera notio inesse in altera,

quaraquam revera non inest. Etenira etiara si dico decem uno deducto", notio numeri decem inest in eo quod dixi, et
II.

37

518
affirmatio
significat

Top

c a.

semper inest in negatione, attamen ntraque non idem, nt appareat non idem semper significare A et AB ^ etiamsi B insit in A'. nnde consequitnr non necesse esse ut t6 dinkdCLOV idem significet quod t6 8inXd6iOV T^^ieeog: quare optimo iure diximus neque dupli neque dimidii notionem nude pronuntiatam quidquam significare aut, quid significent, certe non idcm significare si coniuncta si neque enim gencralis notio ETnOtrjac si nuda proferantur dico latQiKij BTtiGrrj^r] firjg eadem manet in specie, ut si nam iiia quidem est ImGTri^ri SJtiatrjrov , specici notio vero
;

non est

iarQixr] sxiGf^^rj ejiiGtr^tov

sed

7tL6t7]^r]

vyiuvov

xal voGcobovq.

1811)36 8r]kovtai.,
tnr de
aliis,

inteli.

ta vTtoxd^sva.

Quae

ita

praedican-

ut simul significent notionem eins de quo prae-

dicentur (velut notione imparis quae de numero praedicatur

notio numeri continetur
,

v.

idem

significare

diccnda simt

quae habuimus 113 b 7) ca non si nuda pronuntientur ac si

,

coniuncta

cum

notione

quam
sic

necessario contineant.

Quae
le-

sequuntur non guntiir 182 a 2

6iyibv

satis ciare dicta simt.

Ex

iis

autem quae
fuisse.

apparet
xa9"'

argumentandum
oi5

t6 yag

aito ^sv

avtb Xsx^iv qivos

Qivl

'/.oiXotr^ta ai]fiaivtt.,

jtQoCrid^E^Bvov
y,oiX6tr]ta.

dh

tff

Qivog noildtrjta dXX' aTtkag

inteii. ur]

Vs. 39 oidiv aakvBi,

tf]

8r]Xovv tb a^Jto,

dXXa t6 ^\v
vndQXEiV.

Qivl

jtQoGti&E^svov tavty GrjuaivEiv adtb

particulae dXXa diximus ad 172 a 19. 182 al Blckus lul. Pacium secutus dcdit 6v}i^aivsi, quod quem sensum habeat non dico bonum, sed tolcrabilcm non asse-

De usu

quor.

Boetliius et vet. intp. habuerunt 6r]^aiViv,

quod

licct

codicibus invitis recepimus:

6r]fiaiVBi,

nam

plerique

eorum

qui habent
in eo

quum

omiserint verba Bv&a ^bv...

6r]fiaivBi.,

videntur peccavisse,

quod formarum similitudine decepti a

verbo
u

6r]iLiaiVEiV

6i]fiaivBL

quod lcgitur vs. 1 aberravcrunt ad altcrum quod habetur vs. 2, ut non verba svd^a ^sv... 6r].

^aivEL,

sed verba 6r](iaivEiv

..

Qai^bv ab
critt.

iis

practermissa
III.

esse videantur. Bulilius (animadvv.

in cod.

ed. Bip.

p.

668)

Guelph. lectionem 6r]^aivELV exstare

tradidit.

Cap. 32.

De

soloecisfnis vitandis.

182 a 12 At,

ait,

dicere iapidem non est dicere aliquid quod no-

minativo (o vel tovto), scd quod accusativo casu proferatur

Topica.
velut per bv tcI xovtov.

519

Vs. 15

Ex

codicibus /?c,

qui-

dedimus Blnsivi apparet enim ferri non posse lectionem vuigarem iiniv. Sententia enim, ut sequentia docent, haec est. Lignum vero vel quaecunque alia generis neutrius sunt dici ovtos nihil refert,
et
vet.

buscum Boethius

intp. conspirant,

quia

horum

et

nominativus et accusativus eandem habet for-

tamen non fiat soioecismus. 182 a 19 Si quis interroget num hic sit haec? et si, postquam negaverit alter, pergat quaerere nonne hic est Coriscus*? et deindedicat: hic igitur est haec, tamen, etiam si Corisci nomani;
ut, si inter se perrautentur,

men feminam
aiter
lioc

significaret,

interrogatus

num

Corisci

soloecismum non coegit, nisi prius nomine femina significetur,

ipsum concesserit.

182 a 25 dsl xdxBl... Haec quum brevius dicta sint, obscuriora facta sunt: apparet enim hoc dicturum fuisse Aristotelem: o^otas ovv dsl xdxsl (in exemplo quod habuiraus vs. 11) dsdoG&ccL xhv
Xsi

U%ov

drj^aivELv ovtos.i h.

e.

o^oicas ot)v, sl ^sl.,

ag dXrj&a>s 6vlXoyit,E0&ai CoXoiXi6[i6v Ssi xdxsl 3tQ06EQotav si t6 (pdvai slvai ti Xi%ov erjfiaivsi td rpdvai ovtos dlV ov tovtov. 182 a 26 (paivstai dh. .. Speciem autem soloecismi habet quod
coactum
est,

quia

accusativus pronominis neutrius quo usus

est qui interrogavit (tovto vs. 10, tl vs. 11)

eandem formam

habet quam nominativus. 182 a 34 ovTOjg, h. e. si interrogetur ap' o g)]}g sivai tovtoVf Vs. 39 to ^sv intell. t6 sniGt^^iTjv sxsiv., sCtl tovtov;

tb 8s

intell.

t6 sni6ta6%ai.

peccatum

Vera solutio paralogismorum, in quibus idem 32 De syllofacilior est modo difjicilior. gismis arguiis, qui difficiliores sunt ad solvendum. 183 a 14 De argumentatione inepta quae facile solvatur. 21 Q,ui inCap. 33.
est,

modo

terrogat aut cofitra thesin disserit aut contra defendit aut temporis escusatione utitur.

eum

qui thesin

182 b 10

Eadem

argumentatio

aliis aiio vitio

laborare videbitur,

quae recensuimus genera ad singulos paralogismos transferantur, ut quid in singulo quoque sopliismate peccatum sit definiatur, haud raro dubiura erit in quo gequia, si vitiorura

Verbis codmQ nere singuia sophismata collocanda sint. ovv vs. 13 respondent quae sequuntur vs. 21 onoias ^h xai
.

31 *

680

Topica.

182 b 16 Qnid ricliculi habeat priraum exeraplum quod proponinam Alexandri interpretationem (scliol. tur non intelligo 319b43) ineptam esse per se inteliigitur, quod vero dicit
:

auctor paraplir. anon. ed. Spcngel. p.

in\ dicpQov
rj

I.i2, 1

tj

oxl ko/xi^TO

oti agfia ijkavvsv

bis exprirai possit

non video.

tcqos

quomodo ex

Aristotelis ver-

rrjV 'HtQttiav

GtkkKiG^ai

ambiguura
dere)

est,

quura et significet ad antennam mitti (conten-

pandere a latere s. ventum obliqxmm captare Boreas purus aut est Boreas venEstne tus salubris aut Boreas integer scelerisque purus". ille Euarchus'? aut: significat habetne nomen Euarchi"? aut: regitne bene civitatem*? {ccq' EGtlv sv kqxov ;) ad quod reet vela [la xsQaiag diadQa^slv).

spondetur:

irao

ApoIIonides

est.

locus videtur in

eo esse,

quod nomen ApoIIonidis sono siraile est verbo djcollvvai. 182 b 32 Syllogisraus argutus est qui audientis animum ita perturbat, ut nesciat

quomodo

se expediat.

Quod

si

fit,

duplex

audientibus movetur dubitatio:

namque

aut, si revera aliquid

coactum
si

est,

dubitatur ntra propositio impugnanda sit, aut,

contentiosus
factus est (h.
e.

syllogisraus

syllogismus qui

aut nihil revera coegit, quamvis speciera syllogismi habeat,

aut qui quod confecit non collegit ex principiis propriis eius
rei

17lbl9), dubitatur quoraodo deproposuimus. lam ratiocinatio ipsa, si bene habet, argutissima est quura positis propositionibus valde probabilibus cogitur quod quara raaxime improbabile est: nam si in ima et eadem ratiocinatione , cuius propositiones sint ^B, conclusio C, suraitur id quod conclude qua sermo
sit

est, v.

fendendum

qxiod ab

initio

sioni repugnat,

quodcimque efficitur siraiie erit conclusioni C: sumebatur enim quod repugnat conclusioni C valde improbabili, h. e, sumebatur propositio valde probabilis qua coniun0.8
cta
iit

10,
cum

ut fiat conversio qualera habuiraus Anal. pr.

propositione

vel

evertitur propositio

vel

^,

appareat ex propositionibus probabilibus semper cogi quod valde improbabile sit: quare dicit (183 a.3) talera syllogisraura
e^

XGov tb Gv^TttQaG^a noiuv rorg iQcotiq^aGi

.,

qimm

eandem semper probabilitatera habeat quam propositiones ut, si cum altera propositione coniungatur, Deinde conclusio aeque improbabilis exeat quam prima.
conclusio negata
,

(vs. 4)

arguta est ratiocinatio quae ex propositionibus proba-

bilibus

conclusionem

efficit

aeque probabilem

(e^

dndvtoav

Topica.
Sfioiav)''

581

quam quuin non debeamus concedere, propter aequalem propositionum probabilitatem Iiaesitamus utra nobis impugnanda sit. 183 a 9 uiaQa il'v8og^ Ii. e. jcccq' dvaiQEOiv^ ut dicit vs. 10. Quid Iiaec sibi velint apparet ex iis quae habuimus 176 b 35 sq. 183 a 16 Si aliqua propositio praetermissa est, sine qua argumentatio quam conficimus esse non potest , et si revera nihil cogit, ratiocinatio inepta est;
si

vero deest ali-

quid quod ad argumentationem

net,
et veri similiores

ipsam quidera

non perti-

sed imde propositiones ex quibus cogitur confirmentur

est,

temnenda
incurrit.

quamquam

reddantur, ratiocinatio quidem non conqui interrogavit in reprehensionera

183 a 24 TtQos tbv XQOVOv evkloyit^sC^at dicitur qui controversiara deducit ad id quod ut redarguatur longiorem disputationem requirat quam quaead finemperduci possit. Negligentius V. 26 adiecta sunt verba rd 8iaXix%fivaL tcqos trjv Xvdtv, quasi non praecessisset particuia ^, sed quasi dixisset

aOzE

^}] SLvai,

rov JiaQovtos xaiQov t6 dLaksx^fjvai nQos

tr^v

IvGlv.

actum

Cap, 84. Breviter recensentur de quibtis in 37 Epilogus doctrinae dialecticae. sit.

hoc libro

183 a 33 xovs J^oyovs quos hic opponit tols GvXXoyLGaois intelligere videtur tovs (paLVO(ievovs iiiv 0vXkoyL6[iovs ovx 6vttts ds.

^183

bl Quum autem

ob cognationem quae inter dialecticam et

alii in

sophisticam intercedit praeter id quod dialecticae proprium

est, ut tentet quid

tur, ut

qui disserat

rei

disputando valeant, etiam id agade qua disputet peritus videatur

(nam

qui se interrogari vult rera scire profitetur, qui interlibris

non solura doquae adversarius concesserit (ro ka^slv loyov) , sed etiam quomodo ipsi respondentes thesin quam defendamus tueri possimus. SLQrj}ca[isv vs. 7 respicere videtur ad 165 a 25 sq. Recte monet Alexander (schol. 321 a 14) vocem TtQOtEQov vs. 18 coniungendam esse cum participio kijq)d^svta.
rogat videtur ab alio edoceri velle), his

cuimus quomodo interrogandum

et

utendum

sit iis

582

Topica.

183 b 31 De Tisia, Thrasymacho, Theodoro v. qiiae disputavit Spengei CvvKyayrj Tjjv(v p. 3T sqq. etp.93 103, F. 1). Gerlacli Histor. Studien p. 71 not., p. 82 85, p. 87, Winclcel-

mann

in Plat. Eutliyd. p.

XXXIV

sqq.

184 b 3 et 6
V8. 6.

vfiav v. Stahr Aristotelia I. p. 114. Boeth. et vet. intp. habuisse videntur 'rjfiiv vs. 3, sed vfiwv
vfilv

De

et

Cum

iine cf.

quae leguntur 1329 b 34.

N D E
t6

X.

To ayci^ov 49bl0. dyuQ^ov oficovvftov 107 a 12. aya9as 1361)28. uyhiv yqctfificcg 101 a 16.
aytcofiizqrjToi

Ayu96y

d&avaGia 126 b 35. ^sros ovGla 87a36.

dd^qilv 46 a 5. xaTa t6 alqfTCOTtqov

77bl3.

igcotrjfiaza 77b ayvotce ^ y.ara

cptvv.TOTSqov j} ayfmfitzgrjTa tlvtti ncBg f;j;ovotv ot oot 68a25. 17 et 22. t6 ata9dvfo&ai nqivttv tGTiv 111 a 16. didO^saiv Xsyofiivrj t6 ctiGd^dvtG&ai JiXfovaxcog Xiyttai

79b23. iXtyxov ayvoia 168 a 18. dyvoovvTcog 114bl0. dyvcog 178 a 26.

106 b 23.
aia&tifiaTog ftovrj 99b37. ^ aia^riaig Svvoftig avfiqpvTog xqiziKi] 991)35. 7j ai'a&Tjaig twv xaO'' fxaorov81b6. 8i aia&tlatcog ovxtffrtv

ayqdfifiatoi tl)6cp0L 16a29. clyxivoia 89bl0. dycoviOTiyiol Xoyoi 165 b 11, 174 a 12. iniGTaaQ^ai 87b28. dycoviGTiyial dtcTOi/Jat 175a2. cpo^og 126 a 8. aiaxvvTj ayrovog xdqiv 155 b 26. aiTiia9ai {Xafi^dvtiv) zo iv dqxfj Adiectivum rerbale c. acc. persoiiae (r6 f| dqxiji) 41 b 8, 13, 20, 64b28 coni. Comni. 176 a 36. ibiq. Comm., 91a36, b 11, 162 b 31, d8ty.i:iv 109 b 33. 167 a 36, 181 a 15. aiTflad-ai Tdvavr('al63al4. ^('r^ffail^^a^, llet21. dSfnoficixia 171 b 23. dSioqiGtoq dSioqiOTog 24al9. aiTrtaaa^ai 163a20 et23. doqiOTog Comm. 26bl4. cciTTjfta 76 b 23 et 32, 77 a 3. aiTijfiaTa

dSoXiGxilv 130a34, 158 a28. jroijj- 86a34. aiTtai TtTTaqfg 94a21 ibiq. Comm. oai dboX^rixHv 165 b 15, 173 a 32. dSoiov 173 a 19 et2(, 174 b 17. flq niTiaTOv 76a20, 98a36. dSo^ov dytiv tov Xoyov 172b 10 et 18. 01 TTcyQa ro" firj aiTiov Aoyot 167b37,

Adverb. c. artic. coni. Comm.51b24. 168 b 23. Sid (*'x) Tov aSvvciTov dnoSi^i^nri a^rioirf^ov 85b24. 6fi|i 34 a3, 35a40, ny.oivci)vr]T6Tfqov 117b31. 28bl4; nfQdvm 29a32. tig ro n-xoXov^rjatg 77 tov sivai 14a30 et 37 a9; dSvvciTOv uyfiv 36a22. r] dg to 35, bl2. 15a6. ij yiaTu Tfjv dvTidSvvciTov dTtoSfi^tg 62b29. oJ f/c cpaciv 113 b 25. ditoXov9i^attg 22a 14, To d^vvnzov ayovTfg GvXXoytcSfioi 114bl4. 45a23 o Std tov dSvvaTnv gvXXo- n-iiovaig 135b32. yifi/uos 61 al9. dSvvatov jj xoiXtnov u?xo fiiaov 25b36, 12a23. axgov iXaTTOv 26 a 22 b37, Comm. 8a29. fjLfii,ov av.qov Comm. 26al7 sub dSvvc/fiia 119 b 3. ddvvafiia qpvfftx/j 28al3. 9al6. fin. Affirmatio prior cst negatione 86b35, dnqi^tGTtqa imaTriftrj iniOTrjfiris Comm. 17 a 8. 87a3l, Comm. 78b32.

584
ccKgcoTrjqict fiBydXa ^x^iv

Index.
uvdQttae
ar]-

fieipv

tOblT.

29b 36. t6 uvayKalov 32 bl5, Comm. I. p. 400extr., ib. 83b38 et 94a27.

t6 aXrj&ls nav avrb savrw ofiolo- t6 I vno9safa)g dvay-Aalov Comm. yovfiBvov fGzLV 47 a 8. i^ aXTjQ^mv 30 b 38 et 32 b 8. i^ dvaynaicov 6 avXoujt 'i6ti i/jfvdos 6vXXoyi6tt6Q-ai 53b 7 Xoyiafiog 74bl7 et26. a>g snl t6 noXv et 11. ovSBtfqov ovrs aXrj&lq ovtf i| dvdyv.r]g ojcoTfq stvxsv 112 b 1. iptvdo? 13 b 6 et 8. IGalO, b3 dvatqsiv il^FvSfa^ai Staiqftv 177 a 5, 178bl4. dXi^&BVfiv dlrj&fiifaQ^at to dvaizLov cogaitLovtt&svai 65bl6, et 5, 17 a3, 20a3(.

19a2, 22al, 134b35, 135a2l

34.

et

V. aiTiov.

139 a 12 et 27. dXr]svanat 134a23 et 25, bll. dXrj&evsa&ai ToSs Kata TOvSs 49 a6. 'AXiii^i,d8r]g (ityaXoxpvxog 97bl8. dXXd pro 8s positum Comm. 9b5.

dvayidfLnTsiv72hS(i ibiq.

Comm.

dvd^Xaatg 98a29. dvdnXtatg i. q. dvaasia&ai 6bll sq. Anacoluthon Comm. 76 b 3 et79b25. (Ivayiqivsiv 172^32. aA/lapernegligent. repctitum Comm. dvaXoyia r]noXXanXoiaiog1%9,\. dvdXoyov Comm. 51b24. 14b30. dXX' ^ 3 b 19, 10 b 23, 103 a 21, 111 b 31, dvaXvnv Tovs avXXoytOfiovg tig ru Tqia ax^fiata il a.4, 50a30, b3, 30 127 a 30, 155 a 36, Comm. 5bl0. t6 i^ dXXi^Xtov SBiKvva&ai 57 b 18. ?) et33, 51 a2, 78 a7, Comra. I. p. 366 sq., ib. 168 a 18. 8i dXXi^Xcov Sti^tg 59a32. dvdXvaLg 49al9, 5lal8, 88bl8. dXXoicoatg 15al8. dvaXvafig 50 a 8. steqog Comm. 174b31. aXXog iXvTos'Xv6iiJ,ogcvXXoyi.a,u6gli)a2^. To; dvaXvTixi 19b31, 162 a 11, b32, 165 b 9. ccfia 14b24 ibiq. Comm. afia tjj tpvdvaXvTi-Kcag Comm. 82b35. 6si 15 a 8. ufiaqTia oqQ^OTrig 111 a 16. dfiaq- dvu fitaov 12 a 2, 3, 9, 10et20, b28, riat al iv roig nqo^Xi^ftaaiv 109 a27. 158 b 7 et 23, Conim. 12 a 2. t6 dfi^Xv TtoXXaxcog XsyiTat 106 a 14. avaftcpiG^r^TrjTcog 11 a 2. dvavfvftv 156 a 35, b31, 158 a8, dfisXsTTiToi 175a2(j. a/if(To:48a33. nqoTaaigafisaoglT.diT, 174 a 30. 85al. dfisacov oqiafxog 94 a 9. al dvanvsvatog 135 a 33, 138b31. OTgaiTOft aj;al ttf /ifCot 99b21. afis- uvanoStfKtog r] tcov dfisacov inLatvLir] 72bl9. 6a yial dq%ai 93b22. dfi^acov ijtidvanoSotos Soaig 125 a 18. OTrifirj dvanoSsiKtog 72bl9. dfiSTd7tsi6tog vno Xoyov 130 b 16, dvaaiiSvaaTiKcog 52a38. 133 b 30, 134 a 2. dfistdnsL6tog 6 dvarofiat yiat diatqsastg 98 a2. 'AvdxaqcLg 78b30. iniatdfisvog 72 b 4. dvt^andrr^tog vno Xoyov 132 a 32. dfistdntcotog iniatrjfir] 139 b 33. dfiLysatsqov Toig varr/o<5 119a27. dvf\iXfyv.tog 176 b 24. dvsnLCyisipiu 79 a 6. dficpioXia 166 a 6 .^ 179 a 20. dficpiSo^sTv 176 b 15 et23. dficpiSo^si- vno Tav dvsnLCTrjfiovoov ol inLaTrjfiovsg iXsyxovTUL 168 b 7. 6&aL 176 b 20. dficpoTsqoiv Toiv XoyoLv 149 a 12. cf. dvofioXoyovfifvov 48a21. dvTuvaiqsatg 158 b 33. ib. 32. aficpco genit. 118 a 28, 144 b 21 et25. dvTsntxsiqfLv 160 b 5 et 10. dvTtaTqc/fifisvcog 22b9, 162al,Comm. Ta dficpco 168 a 16. 44a30. dficpcoSovta Comm. 98al3. avComm. 62a5cxtr., Comm. 14b30 dvTi8iriqr]ftsvu 14b33, 136b3,142b 7. dvTid^satg Comm. 32a32. al dvti&scoU. 153 a 20. ovayEtv 50 a 17 et 26, Comm.47all. astg TSTTuqfg 113 b 15. dvdysiv ndvTug Tovg 6vXXoyiafiovg dvttyiatr]yoqstcd-ai 102 a 19 et 29,

sig TOiiff
totJ

sv T(o nqcoTco axi]fiaTi

_
,
,

na

103b8, 132a4

ct 7,

135al5.

&6Xov 29bl.'

dvaynalov stvai dnocpaaig t6 fir] dvayKalov slvai 21 b 26. ra dvayKaia

nsqt tav dvTfKSLfisvcov llbl6 ibiq. Comm. dvTinsifisvov Ttvog Comm.

5bl4. dfia

Trj cpvasi tcc dvtiTisifisva

nde

X.

585

142 a 24.

20a30.

hvavxia ra dnstga ovh intazTjTd 86 a 6. slg dvTtxsifitva Xafi^avfiv dnstgov iivai 81b33, 82 a 7 et 39. og&ciig 52bl5. iv toIs Sia tov d8v- dnsigcog sxsiv firjStvog 175 a 13. vuTOV cvXXoyiaiiiolg to dvTiy.sifievov finsxTovT^Htv 182 b 19. vizoQ^tTSov 6'ih'i(i. ix tcov dvTititt- dnriqTr]ftivog 112 a 10. fifvcov ovn iOTiv dXr]9ls avXloyiaa- dnXutqg 77 sv&sia 49b36. firjy.og a&ctt 64b8. irgoTdafig avTtnslftsvui dnXarig 143 b 12. 63 b 24 et 35 , (4 a 32. dvTfAila^d^ai ctTriojs 1151*29, Comni. 21a5. dnXag 17a34. dvTt)iila&ai dvTtwaTtyicag 8' slnstv 140 a 37, 145 a 8, 156 b 6.
avTiKStfifVT]
ra.

Siinvov Sii nsginaTiiv 94bll, 172 a 8. 710 aTOftuTog i^tniOTaa&at tvciVTicog avTtaTgscpstv t6 avfinsga163 b 28. dno^oXai 117 b 3. Cfia 59 b 6. dvTtXQytY.oi 105 a 19. dnoSttHTtnr] nqoTaatg dtaXsnTiK/i dvTtniqicTactg ndvTa 98a25 ibiq. 24 a 23
710
dvTiy.iifiivtog

llbKi.

27a29.

dvTi-Kitfisvcag

i}

Comni.
'j4vTia&ivr]g

104 b 21. dvTtatotxia Comin. 16 bl dvTtCTqtnTsa 51a23.

et

79 b 6.

84a33, 86a7, 90b25, 93a6, Comm. 48a37. dnoSii^tg 100a27, Comm. Prooem.
dnoSity.Tog

ad Anal.

dvTtargicpfiv 2b21, 14a30, bll et 29, 59bl, 61a5, 109 a 10, Corara

post. dnoSti^te avXXoytafiog intOTT]fiovi>i6g7lhlS, 73a24. ixTivcov al anoSti^itgyivovTat-idhoS. ftrj

25a6 et52b8,

ibid.

I.

p. 4!)6.

nghg

TravTMVftvat a"7r.72b6,h2a8,84a31.
;;

dvTtCTQicpovTU XiysTai tu ngog ti 6b28. iv TOig dvTtaTqicpovat yivxXqi ivSixsTat yivsa&ai rdg dnodsi^stg

Ka96Xov

TTJg

xara

ftigog ^sXticov

85al3, 77 SttxTtTiT] TTjg aTtgr^TtHrjg 86a32, xni Trjg stg to dSvvuTov

dyovarjg 87 a 2. nXsiovg dnoSti^itg Tov avTOV 87 b 5. al xara ro Gtjfiiiov dnoSsi^stg 167 b 9.

58al3; xara Tug avTiCTgocpug nag

ol ogot 67 b 27. dvTtza-KTiov 134 a 4. dvTicpaatg 17a33,

)^ovaiv

dnoStSovat

72al2, Coram

Xoyov Ttvog 1 a 6

rt

ioTi rt
et 10.

la5, 2b9.

6v6fiazt

17a33. dvTtcpdastgn h2S,

ivavTicog 17bl7 et dvTtcpuTty.ag dnoys.cc^iOTuvat tigTo ^f avr/ov 13 a 30. 20. dvTicrgufiftivcog 22a34. ajroxa^/orafta^ot 9b25 et 28. dvTtcpi]aag 65 bl. dvTicpqa^tg yfjg 90al6, 93a30. dn^^nXrigog 112 b 19. cinoy.vr]Tiov 160 a 21. 'AvTtcpcav iTSTgaycovi^iv 172 a7. dvvnonTcog sxstv 156 b 18. d xar' anoXavaiv piog 102 b 17. xareo 82a22, 83 b 3 et dnoftvrjftovtvatig tcov Xoycov 164 a 3. avco dnogtiv 175 a 30, Comm. 90a38. Corara. 6al4 et 43a3fi. dn6gr]fia 162al7. dvcovvftog Comm. 19 b 6. d^icig 72al7. a^tcoftaru dnogia 145 b 1. d^icoftn MOtva76bl4. d^/cajua Comm. 24 a 30 dn6ataig 93 b 6 et 10. ori dvcoTdrca et72al7.^ dnoOTUTiov 107 b 9. 155 b 30. dogtCTov ovofia 16a32, 19 b 8. ^^^titt 16 b 14, 19bl0, Comm.26bl4. dnoGTOfiaTt^6fttva 165 b 32. xaraqpafat^Obl^. ajrodnayooyj] 28 b 21, 69a'i0 ibiq. Corara. aTroqpaiJat xaTucpfjaut 17a31, b 39, cprjaat flg t6 dSvvaTov 29b6, 50aol,

12a23. dnoSvansTStv 163 b 19.

Comra. 33b30.
dnavTTiTeov ngog Tovg Xoyovs

175

al7.

18b38, 20a25, 158 a 20. aTro^a9rjvat KUTacpa&fjvat 18b3'>. dn6cpavatg 72 a 11. dnXrj 17a20.

dnaqvsiTtti pass. 63b37. dnagvovv- dnocpdvatig dvTiyitifttvat 38 b 21. ajroqpavrtxoc Xoyog 17 a2 et 8. Tui act. 63b36. dndTT] 66bl9, 72 b 3, 74a7, 80a6, aTrdqoaffts 17 a 9 et 25, 72al4, v. xaraqpa81a5 et 15, 169 a 22 et 37. tJ iv tw xaraqDacts- dnocpdasig

nagu

ftinqov

47b

38.

0.s32a22.
axfoqpaTixcos

anaTTiztxos 171 b 10 et 21.

xaraqpanxcos 64 a 14.

566
dnocparDiQv

Index.

crfojyrtxov

Comm.

av^uvsi

38bl3.

tJ Cfiijvn 78 b 6. avrf] ^ovXr]aig, avr^ ini9vfiiali7 aS.

amovTaL itivrcov 171 b 24. ciqu apodosin indicat Comm. 52bl9. dgtrq V. anovdorlog. dgi^fios noaov fiicogiauivov 4b23. 'AqiGTOftivriq 6 Sinvotjrog 471)22. Aristotclis quidiiiii looi emcndantur Comra. 3a2l. (J).i8a25 et 855 a()), 17 b 1 (722 a 1 et 4 b 4 (850 a 34)
.

1355 a 10), 34 a 5 (1047 b 20), 43 a 3 (338 a 7), 50bl8 (949 a 5), 55al4 extr.(417 b fi). 58 b 7(73 a 3(i),5a 19 74 a 27 (224 a 5 et 1 1), (1447 a 25) 93 a 3 (80 a 32), 98 a 20 (654 a 21) 94a20 (1049 a25). Aristotelis mo,

destia

et

circumspicientia
in

Comm
et

49a5, pracsertim

eniimcrando

practermittcndo ib. 55b23. Difficultatem propositam non solvit ct quid imperfecti suum opus liabeat
ipse indicat 48a21.
agfioviKf]
rj

avro nude ponitur Coinm. 6a8 ct 8a37. xa^' avro 73a34, 84al2, Comm. 5b 16 ct 49 a 7. urdssuper-vacaneuin est ib. 12b29. avrov pro avrov et siiniliaib. 551)14. d avrog non satis accnrate respondct iis ad quae refertur in seqq. ib. 20 a 4. ai;Td dy a&ov 147 a 9. avro i^Sv 147 a 8. aiJrd /u^xog 143b24. avro fiovov 143 a 26. avrodvdgconog 137b6, 148 a 17. avroSd^a 162 a 30 et 31, avToinuarov 162 a 27 et 31. Qvrd^Moi; 137 b 11, 143 b 31. ai;rd|Uaros Comm. 87bl9. i^ dcpaigiascog Xiyofisva 81 b 3 ibiq. Coinm. dcpogtafiog 3b22. dcpcogiauivcog 8b4, 5 et 14, 12b39, 13 a 2.

rriv dxorjv

rs fia^rjficcrfKri Kal ?; xara 'y^X^XXsvg 97b 18. 79 al. ru dguoviy.rt vno rd dxoXov fiaygo^iov
ol

68b22.

rqv

dgiQ^firjTiKi^v

aQfioviKoi

75bl6, 78b38. axoflov 130 b 12 Karu rovg dgi&fj.ovg 44b26.

et'i.%.uxgsioi GKii^sig

ailisvSslv 165 a 25. agvoiJvril58a9. dqv^aaaQ^ui,VISh'li, ^uSiari^ov 21bl6. 160 a 20. dqvrj%rj act. 158 a 12 per- jiag^agi^nv rrj Xi^Si 165b21. inde atquc dnaqvrj&rj 128 b 28. d|i' viovcpov 106al8. fiagv Articulus negligcntius et oniittitur et rd pXinstv nXsovaxag Xiysrai 106 b 15. adiicitur ab Ari.st. Coinm.3a21, ib. ^govr^ 93a22, b8, 94 a 3. 54a8 coll. 2b32. In articulo col Bovcmv 75 b 40 ibiq. Coinm., 171 b 16, locando negligentia Comin. I((bl0. 172 a 4. In titulis articulusadditur ib. 4a37. yaX^vr] vrjvffiia 108 a 11, b25. dgx'1 Comni. 46al0 et 94a21. dgxrj ydg repetitum Comm 47b26; aporrjg KivrjGtcos ib. 94a20. ro iv dgxfj dosin indicat ib. 52bl9; caiisam alnla&ai v. ahfla&ai. dgxfl navroc: exponit cius quod non cxpressum est fisyiarov 183 b 22. dgxri dno8>-l^scag ib. Il9a. avlloyiarfKii 72al5. a'i Casus dativi et aliornm casuum usus 72 a7. dgxai rcov avXkoyit>fi(ov 46al0. ovx singularis Comm. 43b22 et 52a29. ai avrai ndvrav 88al8. dgxai iv d yiXcos; ov arjfisiov 48b33. sndaTcp ysvsL 7a31. al ngcorai al De generatlone etcorr. libri satislevi bracliio exarati Comm. 61 b 7. ccfieaot J)9b21. yfVfCtg 139b20. yivsatg ovXXoyian<Sv dgxofiSfaTiga dnodfi^ig 8b38. 47 a 2. iv da-Afnrcp xgoftp 89bl0. dargoXoyia v re fia&rjfiarin^ Kai tj sx yfvsTijg 12a33. Genitivus Comin. 93a37. Genitivi vavriyn] 78b40. absoluti ib. 19b37 extr. et 57a33. dargoXoyixr] ifinFiQia 4al9. davli6yiarog 91 b23,lfi7b34,l8a21. yfvog 102 a 31, Coinm. I. p.278. etp. 283. i^ dlXov yivovg ovk 'ian Ssi^ui davXloyiarcog Xiyftv 77b40. 75a38. T] dnoSsi^ig ovy. icpagfiorrsi davvanroi ol cuAAoviff^oi 42 a21. uraKTOV ro fiiaov 32bl9 ibiq.Comm. sn dXXo yivog 76 a 3 et 23. d yscoyscofiirgr]g 110b6, 161 a 34. rd arofitt lb, 3a35. droficog vnugxsiv rj (ir] vndgxsiv fiirgrig ov ipsvSr] vnori&srai7(ih3d. yfj 130 bl. 79a33.

107 a 16.

Ind ex.
yivitcti

587
,

StstXsx&nt^ 159 b 19 , 161 b 8 pass. 161 a8. otJx 'sativ avtd td nqdyfiata StaXsysa9at cpsQovtas 165 a 6. yvmiiai 176bl8 ibiq. Comm. 8taXs^Ttii6g 164 b3, 170b8, 171 b 7, yvcofiav 15a30 ibiq. Cnmra. yvcogl^fiv 6tx(o? fanv 71 a 17, 64b35. 172al2, b6. dtaXfKTiv.os avXXoyirj yvcogi^ovaa f^/g 99 b 18. Ofias Coram. 1. p. 373init. Xoyoi StaXtHTinoi l()5b3. ivTois 8ittXfKTixots yvcoqificoTfqa Si)fcos 71b33. fv Tais annSfi^fGiv 65a37. YvcoQiCfiog ovalag 90bl6. jj SiaXfy.Tirtf) 101 b 2, Collocatio verborura Comm. 20b 31. 77a29 et 31, 183a39, Comra. 82b35 et Prooem. 7? rogyiov nQayfiazsia 183 b 37. Gradus comparationis ubi non datur Top. 7/ nsql trjv SittXsKTt^rjv nqacoraparatio sensu proprio Coram. yfiaTfici 46a30. noorccatg 8iaXtv.TiHij 104 a 3, 8, 158 a 16, Comm. 20 b 22 66a35 extr. coll. ib. 24a25. StaXfxtixaiavvoSoi avvfx^? 5al. 77 yqafifiTi yvfivaaia 164 a 12, 159 a 25, 161 a 25. 159 a 32. yvfivaarsov ov nqos tov rvxovra SiaXfKtiv.ag 105 b 31. SikXshtikcos GvXXoyi^sa&ai 81 b 19 et 22. 164b9. oyvfivaarrjsnoLriTiv.ogsvf^lasl^T a.i. To: iv TOig SiaXoyoig td iv toig yvvttlna f;|;ftv 15b28. fia&rifiaGtv 78 a 12. Comm. ponitur Dativns negligentius xara Stdfittqov 19b35. 82b21, V. Casus. 8tavor]Tiy.ri fid&rjats 71 al. 17bl coll. 8tdvoia, SiavosiaQ^at Corara. 71 al. 8i apndusin indicat Comra. ib. 8s pro dHd positum ib. 52bl9. rd dno Stavoias 95 a3. 9b5 Se praecedente xai ib. Ia9. Stanoqflv Comra. 90a38. Shxtcc 761)27. iv tois Stanoqtjfiaatv 93 b 20.
Tcti uvrjqr^fitvoq

arsffxfvcCjUfvovlSib 23, yivs154 b 12, 155 a 9.

62b29. StaancprJGai 140b6. Sfr^TiKcos 29a31 ibiq. Coram., 45a26 6taGTSiXdfLfvos 131bl7. SiaattiXas i|i5;ro 134 b 22. et36, 62b39sq. dftxrtxcos &iGf03s 40b25 Sidatrjfia 35al2et31, 38a4, 82b7, SfKTixov Corani. 4all. 84a35 et bl4, Comra. I. p. 440. StaTqidsnotfivdycovtGtiKdslQla'H. t6 Siov SiTTov 165 b 35, 177 a 24.
SftxTtx/j ditoSf-i^iS

Sri

apodosin incipit

Comm.
b9.

I.

p. 336, 8tacpiQfiv

Comm.

51 b 14.

ib.

52bl9.

SriXos

qpovfQos
7.

SiacptXovff>iovvTSs 165 b 13.

Comm. 76bl7.
et

Siacpoqd
ytviiifj

d^o^osl?6a31
Sid^qoxos 167 b

Comm. Ibl7. 77 Stacpoqd 101 b 18. al Siacpoqal STsqac

Siayfyqafififva xorr' dXi^&Biav 46 a 8. SiayqdfjfiaTK 41bl4, 175 a27.

Siayqacpai 105 b 13. /, 150 b 33, 155 b 18. SiaSoxfjs 183 b 30. Scdfais 8b27, lla22,Comm.8b35. Sisais 84b39. Siaiqfia9ai act. 46a38, b7 et 20. StytatonQayfiv 118 a 3.
Sifliiv 47all. Siaiqfais Coram. 16al2. Sialqfats 77 SiariuvvfvcoviGeidl. /J SidrcSvSiaigiafcov oSos ov avlXoyi^sTai 91bl2. xataCiifvd^stv oqov Stcc tcov SiaiQSctcov 97a23. ilsyxos Ttagd trjv Si cciqsaiv 166 a 33. SiaiqsTiy.ol oQoi 91b39.
Siaitr,atti

Tcov STsqoysvcov lbl7. Starpmvtlv 106 a 12 et 23, 111 b 24. SiSaGy.aXfnoi Xoyot 165 bl. SisXcov 163 a 8. StsXofisvog 139 b 28,

Stv.atoGvvri 145b35, 149b32. Stxaicos yiQivat 106 b 32.

8t6 et 81'

StoTi et Si

ti

Comm.

58b7. SioXov Comra. 17a39.

et

17al3

^iovvatog 148 a 27. StoQiadfttvog 131 b 10 130 a 24, 134 b 7.

8t6Tt

et 24. Sioqiaas

110bl9.

OTL

78a22, b33, 87a32,

StaXsysa&ai tcqos ti Comra. 50all. 89al6 et b24. nvgtcotKtov tov slSiaXsysa&at ugovs 92b32. rcov sv Sivai TO StOTL &fcoqfiv 79a24. tco SiaXsyfO&at Xoycov noaa sett ysvrj Disciplinarum non eadera oraniumest 165 a38. 5iaAfy^vatl54a34,159a5. subtilitas Comra. 78b32. SiaXsx&fjvat 110b2, 161 a 11 ct 19 nuqd to Sittov ov ndvzsg ol sXtyx^

588
177 b
8. T<p SiTTip

Index.

XvovGL TovQ avX- flnufisv 142 a 18. tlnav 149b5, st7r5tfvl59b 35. s^nug 109 b 8, 128 a 25 SiwKTov i. q. algfTov 133 a 28. ct28, 129 b 26, 130b8, 20, 29 et So^ci Comin. I. p 444. 86 ^u intOTi^/ii^ 35, 131 a4, 17, bl7, 132al, 15,
Xoyiafiovs 1791)38.

881)31. Tj So^cc ncog tcov tvavTicov SfXTiKov 4a23. oQog tov Ttoog 86lav 1181)21. So^a^fiv Coinm. (ifibiy. So^ocacci

bSl, 133a3, 134a8, 135al2 et 28, I38b30, 141 a 18, 143 a 26. nqofinag 134 b 13. f/Trcov 149al0, 156

al5, 157a35.
iyiQ-iad-ai

cqovg 30 a 9, b31, 48alet So^aaTixaig kut' uli^&fiav 43 b 8. 29. iKTfO-rivai 30all8q. 5o|oro'r iniaTrjTOv 88 b 30. hO-taig oQcov 48a25, 49 b 6, Comm. Sgi/ivg Xoyog 1821)32. 8i(iHg iv tw 26b7, 28a23 et bl3, ib, 179a3 dnoKgivsG9ai 15()1)37. (^pots 'i^al), , ix&iatt. dnoStl^ui

sniaTaa&ai 89^11.

dQOfiiy^og
Svvai-iig.)

yal4

et 19.

28bl4.

Svvafiig Toi nuaxitv

Comm. 23 a3. SwaTovYMTaXoyovComm.

tlvai ambig^iium

22b38. To Svvarov
est
ib.

Svvcn^v ivStxofisvov 12, 23 a 11, 25 a37 376 et 31 b8. SvvaTOv sivai Kal p. ju^ dvvoTcv 21 a 35. SvvuTogavXXo41 Comm. b 33. yiafiog Svo dat. 144 a 12, bl5 et 19. genit. 115 a 6 et 11, 116 b 26, 144 b 14, 146 a 13, 150a4, 154 a 9. Svaiv

22al4.

Comm. 21 b

103b29 sq. ixKtla&ut Tovg OQOvg 48 a 8. iy.Xafipdvtiv rQOTaOts47al0, 43 bl. iKXrjnTiov 43 b 6. UXtiipig 88 al, 90al7, 93a23. trinXri>itg 126 b 14. KHOTaotg fiavfnri 10 al. iXtyy.TrAtt 174 b 19. Tov iXiyxtiv TQonoi fivol65b23. oaa
txxfic^at
iaTiv

dnoStl^ai.

iaTi

kul iXiy^ui

170 a 24.

iXtyxotiSig 174 b 18, 175 a 40. 167^23^ 170bl, tXtyxog l()5a2, SvafnixfigrjTog IftShb et 16, 159 a3. 175 a 36, 66 b 8 et 11. SvatnixSLqriTOTfQov 42b31. Svasni- Tci tXv.ri TU nfQicpfqil ^quSvTtqov XtiQTjTOTaToi 158 b 8. vyid^STai 79 a 15. Svay.oXaivsiv I(i0b3, 161 a23, b9. 'EftntSoKX^g 105 b 16, 127 a 18. SvanoXia tj iv Xoyotg KiObll. fu7rfQ/a46al8, lOOaS.

115al7et22.

SvaanuXXaKTog 10 a 4.

SvafpoQHv Tivi 118 a 24. Soaig I25al6. Swqsa. dvSQnog 125 b 23. iyyiqaT^g iyqriyoQaig 3lb28, 41 sqq.

ifinoSi^tiv t6 xoivbv fqyov 161 a37. ifinoSiaTiK^v 118 b 34. ffinqoa&tv ti^fTui 182 b 18.
ificpavi^tLv

Tov iiitvSofLtvov 165 a 26.

ib.

32b30, 37 b 7. ificpdvLaig 179 b 18 et 23. dXX' tl aqu 5bl0, lla28. ij tt aqu Ta 'i.v dqi%^fib} lb6, Comm. 106b7. tl STvxtv Comm. %hVi. tl' arjfiaivf iv Comm. 20 b 15. c6g iyxmqu
\.

q.

ivStxtTai

fw

gv

nqbg

Ti Comm. 49 b 37. q. ^iv tintlv 165 a25. tlvai ovy. aruyxj77a5. TutiSr] tvaXXu^ TdiQCOT^fLaTUTLd^ivaLniaSS. TSQfTlafittTU 83a33. tlSog Comm. ivuvTiov Comm. ll b 34. ivavtiog seq. 94a20. Tu. fua^rjfLaTa nsql tl'87] genit. vcl seq. xa/ ib. 5bl4. ivaviaTiv 79 a 7. Tiov ovSlv TKLg ovaluig 3b24, ovSs r&) jroffM 3b29, 5bll. TCJovivavTicov ttSijaofitv 108 a28.

Tt

i.

ii'Sr]

fiVTt fiSdog fLr,Tt fiiXriov St-untifitvog ^iX7) tl iTvyx^ti^fv fiSaig 72a34.

84a4.
ttiiog

Tiov ixtiv Tov tiSivai 851)34, 36, tC tQyov rov tiSoTog 165a25.

f/^x^ Xiytiv

erjfitlov

172 b 14. 70 a 3.

ovSlv ufia ri ovaiu 4 a 10. ivuvTia iniSfXfTUL 6al. ivavTiu To: nXfloTOv dXXriXoiv 8ttat7]yi6Ta ()al7. Tx ivavTia dXXriXotg t^axmg <)VUjrixjraill2b27, ntql ivavxioav
8f>iTLv.6v
Toc

13b36.

ivavTLotrjg vndqxti kutu to Trotoj' tlvai quam vim habeat ap. Aristot. 10bl2, Katd to noifXv llbl. Comm. 16al2. Cum dativo coni. ib. ivuvtLcofiUTu 174 b 20. 67bl2. tlvaiXtVKOV tivaifiriXtv- ivuvTicoaig 113 a 2 et 9. Kov fn^ttvuiXEVTiov 51 b 9, 52a25. ivSixto&oti 25a38, 32b25. to fii] ivtt^cav

140 a 14.

Index.

589

inL^s^aiovG&ai 47 a 6. SvvccTOV V. dvvarov. iniXsnsLv 120 a 32, b 15 et 30, 132a27, ivSfxof^ivov ivdtxofifvov quomodo vertcndum sit 154 a 16. Comm. 25a<i7. ro firjSevi tvdix^- t7r/j3>liT/;is45a26, bl9 et 23. inL^ks-

e9ai ambiguum est ib. 30b*i() ct ipfLg 45al7. 83 a3. bvSfiofiivov sivai y.ai fiq tv- inLdsLKtvvac Comm. 50a24.
'21a36. nsql rov ivSfxo- inLdixso^aL toi' rov rgiycivov Xoyov 32al7. 11 a 7. IVdolos 100 b 21, 104 a8, 108 b 13, inLdLogiOTSov 149 a 31. 112a5, 119 a 38. inidoirj sig rd ^tXricov sivai 13a24. inlSootg 115a3sq. iniSooLV XaSslv ivSo^mg 175 a 31 et 33. i^ dvuyKrig 94 b 27. 10b28, 13a25, 146 a 8. evtKa Tivog t6 ov livsxa Comm. 94a20, b 8 et inLsinsLa 141 al6. (pavXog 113 a 13. 27. inisL^qg iv9vfj-rjfiu 70alO, 71al0, Comm. inL&Vfiia 140 b 27. 70 a 3. 01 into-AffifiSVOL vnlg ro^TCoi^lO^aSS. iviarao&ai 4a22, 157bl, 3 et 9. insOY.fcf>&aL 108 a 18. roiavTa ivioravrai 161 all. iniy.aiQOL roncL 119 a36. iniitaigofvdg Tivog ovTog ovSiv ioriv iE,dvdy~ raroL ronoL 154 a 12.
df;i;o,aiov

fiivov

XTjS

34al7

ibiq.

Comm.

17a37. ivGTaGL? 69a37, 77b34, 114 a 20, 115bl4, 117al8ct bl4, 123 b 17, 27 et 34, 124 b 32, 125 al, I28b6, 161 a9 sq. svGraaiv dnaiTslv 157 a 35
iroy/lncfie Goq)iGTLv.aL
et 37.

ivGTaTLKog 164 b 3. ivTSvt^Ls 101 a 27 et30.

ivvnd^X^'^^
i| dXXriXtov SslxvvG&aL

ivvndqxso&ai

iniyiaTrjyogovfifva 49a25. iniyioLvmvtLv 77a26, 123a6. iniXsYfLV 156 b 20. inLnoXd^siv rd CLria 94bl3. inLnoXaLog cpavTctoia 100 b 27. ininoXfjg ioxl rd gvvlSslv 158 a 4. inLngoaQ-siy 148 b 27 ct 30. inLGrjfLavTfov 160 a 3 ct 10. iniaraG&aLllhi) et30. rd inieraa9at

73bl8.

XiysraL rQLiag 67 b 4,
firjg

57bl8,

28, inLOTi]firj

59a32.
i^advvarsiv 108 a 36. i^agL9^fisi69aL 155 a 38. iisntGTaG&ai 163 a 32, bl8
|ts s^Lg
OTSQriGLg 12a26, b 106 b 21. ?^ftsll4a8.

Comm. 71 b 9 et 15. iniorijdgxai 100 a 8 sq. inLOrrjfirj dxgif6TfQa 87a31. Comra. 78b32. dvanoSfL-nTog 88b36. dnoSsi-

et 28.

y^L^r]

71b20,

8b27, lla22, Comm. 8b35

hriga 87a39.
inLGTr;fir]v

73a23, 74b5.
fiia

16,

13a31,

Tihd.

nsgi Tgia iariv

87a38. sIvaL

76bl2.
inL6rr]fiovLii6g 71

inaywyri

68bl5, l(3b3, 105 a 13,

Comm. 68bl5et71a21.

d indyojv 91bl5 et X&r^vaL 81 b 5, inanTLKr; nQOTaCLg^lhob. ina^rinOL rd inLorrjTov dvay/.cylov 7Sa'i',lih 6. loyoL 108 b 7. InLGVfi^aivfL 641)30. ina-/.TQoysXr]g 16a26. inLrifxrjaig Xoyov l()lal6, b 19. inaXXdrTSLv dXXrjXaig 79 b 7. inLXficrjfia 162 aUJ, I(i3a37, b5. inavaSLnXovfisvov 49 a 11 ibiq. Comm. rdr fnoftsva 43 b 7 ct 11. d naga ro inavadinXcoGLg 49a2(>. snofisvov sXfyxog 167 b 1 rd snofisvov insiocpsQSLv vofiov 151 b 12 sq. SLacpigsL rov Gvfc^tjir]xcTog l()8b28. insTiTsivsLv 96a24. tgyov iarlv anoSovvai 134al9. fitlsnsrai y.al ngoTsgov xorl vorsgov ^ov fgyov 159 a 5. nXtiovog soyov SfiG&ail(ilhS'i. nga sgyov 163b24, 117 a 12. oAov 54al, b3, 19 et 35, 165 a 20 et29. iniri 55al, 19, b5, 7 sqq., 23, 28, 31,36 fgiGTixoL XoyoL 165b7, 171bl9 sq. dn7.(og 66 b 39, ct 38, 56 a 3. ini ol igLOTLyioi 171 b 26 et 35. 67a5.4Vaarrovll2bl2 121bl3. tgfir]vfia Comm. I. p. 323. iff/ Ttvos XsysGQ^ai 48 b 10. igvQ^gias 9b31.
.

b 18. iniGrrjfiovLycal dgxai 100 b 19. ini6Tr]fiovLicoi GvXXo35, 92a37, ina- yiGfioi 155 b 16. inLOTT^Gag avrog avrov 135 a 26.

590
sgcog

n d e X.

jrtns 8sl tqcaroLV

146 a 10, 152 b 9. 155 b 3

fg(aT>7j(io;yFfi)(UfTQ(xoj'

/jri- >] ^ijrr^aigrov (liaov iariv i)0a24 et35, GvqfioviHov 77a38. avlXoyiCTi- V. yia&\ nov 77a3(. nlilm iQmrrifiaTn fi- ^rjTOVftfv Ti-TTtv^a; 89 1)24. v. xud-\ Ttoalv UilhZS, l()!)a(i, 175 b 3), f] modeste respondentis est Comm. 181 a 30. i^coTTjfiaet iQoordv Cumni. 66 al. 7] aut reite" ib. 59a40. 42a39. To 7] avTO xai t6 xad' ccvto ravrov

77a40.

Xoyog 65bl8, 182 b 26.

172a9,

179 b 20,

iqcoTrjfXttTl^ftv

155b4, 18

et 25.
ibiq.
/j

73b29.
r]SovT]
jy

ov yfvtaig 48b32. nXfOvu106 bl. iqcoTrjzfiiog 172 a 17 et 19. riQ^iiial nqordattg 105 b 20. iaofif&nt ar7]QT]-n6Tig 102 a 14, b33, nXrj&fvyi tl 20a36. 109 b 24, li0a35, 111 b 23, 120 a 27, iqfifQOcpnvfg narqov 142 bl. 154a35. AVdftj^orfs 108b3etl7. rtfiiqn 142 b 3. 109 a 4 ct , 112 a 29, 113blO et 12. 7fxXaTosl04b22, 159b31. dtfaiyftivoi 102 a 39, b 2, 120 a 19. j]qffii^fa&ai 87 b9 et 13. tarai SiiiXiyfiivog 170 b 24. tfXrjfi- 9ciXarTa 135 a 28. lusro! 42a23. rinatrifttvogl^h'i\. d^avfiafiiorr^g 126 b 15. iaovrai diSfiyfiivni 58 a 9. taroii ^fig 129 b 9; 132 a 6, 10, 19, 133 a 8. dvrjQrifiivov 120a24 et 31, 151 bl(). &ififvog 131 b 12, 25et33, 159 a 23 diiodiSofiivov 131) b 7, 132 a(), et 38. 135 a 2. SfSiiyfiivov 111 b 21 GioSfoQog 1831)32 ibiq. Comm. 113bl4, 114bl, 120 a 17, 152 a 12 d^iaig 104 b 19. Qiaig d^icofia72 a 15 iigriiicog 130 b 4. 7itift.ivovl'ila7, ibiq. Comm. &iai.v ixfiv ngog aXXr]Xa bl6 et32, 139 a 17. 5 a 15 ibiq. Comm., 6 b 6. d^iotig rtvig taTiv tue Comni. 71 b(). 6bl2. iCTCo 176 a 24. 'iaTco SiStiyuivov d-frog a&fTog 87a36. 59bll, ()3a7. xfVsi^ov 43a37 d^fcoqrjfiu 104 b 1. avfmintQaafiivov 42 aS. iarcoaccv 0riaicov nqog ^coyttTg noXtfiog ^9a5. r,yfiivai 41 b 15. Squavfiaxog 183b32ibiq. Coram. taxuTog Comra. 25b33. t6 iaxazov 9vfif/.ov ipvxrjg fiiqog 129al2. axfjiia 47 b 5. iSia 137 b 3, 148 H 14, Comm.94a20. tTtgoftrjytig Ttrgaycovov llalO. ai tSiai ovK iv rjfiJv 113 a 25. ol iSiag tvnqxog 182 b 20. tivai 143 b24, 147a(), TiQ-ififvot
iQcoTTiaig
dtaXsyiTDir]

20b22

Coiiiin.

Xcoq

r]Sovr] Xiyircii

Il2a36. svtXmg 112 a 35.

Bvdaificov

154al9
i'Stov

fvfnixiiqriroriQa 111 all. fvi^^Koog 107 a 13, b2. Ev&vSrjfiov Xayog 177bl2. tv&VTrjg 10al2. fvxivrjroTigog nqog aqtrrjv 13 a27. evXa^rjriov 108 a 34. svXa^rjriov vniXstv 160 b 17. SVfitTa^oXog 8b34. svntrig 105 b 26, 154 a 26. evnoqov 169 a 24.
^

101 b 19, 102 a 18, 103 b 11, 128 b 14 , Comm. 5 b 14 et 174 b 31. koivu 7()a38. l'Sia iniaTr]fir]g

IfiKTiov

A<B7rjovl()8a30, 103al0,27.
Comm. 73b25. Comm. 32al7.
quomodo appellentur ab

Imperativus
Indicativiis

Individua

Aristotele Comra. I. p. 284. 6 'ivSog fiiXng I67a8. aav iv 'ivSoig

coatv

ll6a38.

svaroxla 89bl0. 118 a 22. svcpvin 1()3 b 13.

tvcpvijg

InfinitivusadverbiilocuratenetComm. 19a23. omisso Sst vel VQ^ ib.

24al0.
'InnoKqdrrjg Comra. 69a32.
t6 'in-

sxtiv

taax<ag 125 a 15, 163 a 14. laoKcoXog Xoyog 148 6 33. avtaov ovk taov 51b27. t6 To ixtvov fxstv riaiv snsTcct 98al7, 'taov Comm. 98al3. laov ze xai dviaov Xiysa^at. 'tSiov Z^vcov 170 b 23, 160 b 8. d Zjjvoivo$ Tov aoaov 6 a 26.

evcpvXnyirOTfqov 174b35. tvxi^ 17 a 4.

noxqdrovg

^l^fvSoyqdcprifia

171 b 15.

15bl7

ibiq.

Comm.

Index.
Tov iaoaxfXovg laai al Jioog tv r Bdan 5

591
n 3.

109

xaracxEvaartxoI

ro'7ro(

119

41bl4

a33

T6TT]Gtv 6 Xiytov TTjv Sidvoiav Kili 20, xaracxfvcffrtxojs 52a31. Coniin. Ui b 19. TaTaTainoTt t ufii- KaraavXXoyi^ifaQ^ai (>6a25. aa 121)11 et 12. CTrjvat ttg ann- ytatacpdvai v. anocpdvai. qov iivat 811)33 et 36, 82iil4. y.ardcpaatg v. a'ir6qpaofS et Affirmatio,

laToqla 4(>ii24, Cunini. 46al9. 17a8 et25, 2a5, llbl9, 12b(), cpdaig iaxv? tv Toig vivgotg nai ooroi? 13a37, 19bl2. xaragjaois Il(ib2l. Comra. 32 28. lacog Conini. 32alG. xaraqpn-rtxcs arfQTjrtxos 28 b 2, Ka&aQog 6 ^ogtag lS'ihl9. 27 b 12.
jj

xa9' avTo V. avxo et fj. xaO'' tavrhv xarai/)x;^/S 8b36, 141al0. t^TjTtiv 155 b 11. ttl xaO'' avTOv ^rj- xarT^yoQEtv (/'oinm. 2a20, ib. 47bl rriaftg 175 a 10. ro ^ci&' sxaaTov coll. ib. 73 b 16 , ib. 49 a 16. xart]43 27, 15()bl5, 17a40, Comm. I. yogfLTat tttgov xad' tTfQov 1 b 10, 2 a 25 et 27. ntgl avTov 107 a 26. p. 284. Ka9an(Qavti, na&ansQsi Comm. d ioyos roi; vnoxfifiivov 2a21 et 28. 34a22. KozrjyoQiat 10b21, Coinni. I. p. 265,

Ka^tSqa d^iatg rtg 6bll. Ka&t^Tivt.^ f|t? vnolrjxlftmg

jj

2(>7

sq.'

ra-

yivT]

rcov xaTrjyogicov

103b-.iO, 107 a 3, 83bl(>, 178 a 5. 125 b 18. xa96Xov 17ii39ibiq. Comni., 24al8, xarjyoix6v <Jrfg?;Ttx6i' 26al8

731)26. t6 )ia96lov iiaTr]yoQix6vnaet 31. zaaHfvdaat Xf^^XtncoTaTOV '^3al. rd /carTjxfotxffis

orfgj^rtxcos 26 b 22, na&olov noQoaTdTco rijs aiad^rjatcog 27a27. 72a4. Ka&dXov 7roJrov 74 a 5. x- ra xar/jyo^ov.ufva ovx anFiga 84a9. &6Xov 8' fintiv 142 b 20, 147 al5, KaTTjgtQ^fiTjfiivoi So^ag 101 a31. ra 152 b 25, 153 b 14, 156 a 13. yiatT]gt9fi7]fiiva pass. 102 b 35.

xat

explicandi viin babet Comm HaTTitigtva 164 b 24. negligentius repetitur ib. xarco 7j noog ro fiiaov 104 a 28 coll. ib. 153 a 20. Coinin. ib. et 43 a 36.

93b26,

;|fa)ga

6al4.

Kaivtvg 77 b4l. xatQOS ov ^^^dvos Sicov 48b35.

ooos 5 b 18. Hf/>fcra47a24et32, 88a30, 92al4, ^U('as 43a27, 77al7sq., 83 b 4, l()5a2, 140a3, Conim.l9bl4. xei 176 al. ;it*vovi. q. %iaig 159 b 7. 23, 26 et37. xfio^at 2a2, 11 b9, 92al7. KaXXiv.Xrig tv ta PoQyia 173 a 8. TTOos TJ^v xfatavora'A^f(J'*'at 182bl7. KuXXtnnog 16a21. TO KuXXog Tcov fifXcov Ttg avfifiBtgia x8aroqp6a Coinni. 98al3. 116 b 22. xf (jpaAiO|U.ot 1()3 b 25. xfqDa^raroi' 7al6. KaXXcontaTrjg 167 b 10. Ktvrjafcog tiSr] i^ 15al3, Comm. ib, t6 yiaXov oficovvfiov 106 a 22. et 48b30. T/fvarr/of xiT^TjOft 15bl. o' v.dfLvcov 166 a4. yidfivcov KXfocpcov iv ta MavSgo^ovXq} 174b27. nafinvXoTrig 10al3. yiav fn29a27, 135 b 29 et 35, 136 a 9, ytXintov Xoyog 180bl8. KXicov 43a26. 17 et 20, Coium. ()5 a 19. xKra navT6g fiT]dfv6g 24b27 sqq., xJli^ots Comm. 16bl. al yiXi^nfig tc5v dnlc3g 115 bTl ovoftdtcov al ntcoasig 48b41. 73a28. xara' ri Katdfii&f^iv j5naoj;stvl33al. xara xo/Atj Qig 182a4. cxoXrjv idfiv 177 a 8. XKra rgonov xotva 77a27, 172a29. yioival ^qxat 88a37. 139 b 31, 158 b 26, 159 a 24. xotftof^s 161 a 37. KatdSrjXog 100 b 30. nntanvnvovad^at 79a30. yioXo^cag igcordtai 176 a 40. cpnXayigos 13a35. avaaxtv d^ttvlO'iiilb yiofirjtrjg xaraoxfua^fiv \. -xa&oXov. ytofii^ttv dXXoTQiccq So^ag 159b30, sq., 109b26, 110al5, dvatgtiv 110 b 9 et 11, 112 b 30. yiofiiaai &iaiv 123 a 4. xaracxsvacrtoT' 110 b 34. yiofificoaavTfg avTovg 164b20. dvaaxsvaaTiKd Kogianog 85a24, 175 b 19. xaraexsvaortxa
xfyj;oos

502
KqvnTiKcos 156 a 14.

Index.
137bl4. fiaXXov et fidXtaTa ^er negligentiam repetita Comm. 14b30.

KgvaTKllo?

!)5al(i.

Kgvtpig 155^23 et 2({, 157 aO. fidXXov com))arativo adiicitur ib. KvnXa dfiKvva&ai 57 b 18, 58a33, 116 b 24, omittitur ib. 68a39. 72b25, 95b38, !)()a2 et C. fiav&dvofifv inayayrf rj dnoSfl^ei 8la40. To fiav&dvfiv Oftoivvfiov KmXvaiig Kil a 15. to tv 165 b 33. Xan^a.viiv Comiu. 73a24. ovx TO fiiya ov noaov 5b]6. (xgxV "^- cciTflo&ai. y.aTK tivos et dno rivog ivavTiov Tc3 fifHQcp 6a8. JlfytcQ^at
Tj

Comm. 24bl7
Xilov

TQttxv

10al7

2f|t<;Comm. I. li^iv BUyxot I(i6b20. fiiXaivcc cpcavT] 106 a 25, b6. XivK^ cpwvri 10(>a25, bfi, 107 a 12, fifXavia !)a31. b35. d ToiJ Xfvnov Xoyos 119a30. fifXirr] Tcov Xoycov 163 a 2!). MiXiaaos 104 b 22. d MfXiaaov X6XijfifiaTcc 15(ia21. yosl67bl3, 168b35, 181a27. Xijxpfis 117 b 4. (liv repetitum Comm. 14b30 coU. XiQ^aQyvgivu 164 b 23. Xoytxal HQOTdGfic; ib. 153 a 20. fiiv Si non accurate /loyixa 8()a22. 105 b 23. Aoytxov n(j6^lr](iK 129^30. sibi respondent il). 61al9 coll. ib. 83a24. XoyiKciJs &froQftv 82 b 35, 88al9. ^ dvaXvri-Kcos 84 a 8, b 2, Comm.82b35. d iv Tw Msvcovt Xoyog 67 a 21. rd ^vra Mivcovt dncQrjftull a29 ibiq.Comm. Xoytafioi 88bl2. iv fiiQfi ctKUTa fxiQosComm. 25a20 Xoyos l()b2() ibiq. Comm. d l'|o) (igifivg coll. ib. 21 a 5 et 166 b 37. d iv rfi ipvxv 7(b24. fts 93b35, 17 a 8 et fiiaov 41 a 3, 47a38sq., b 6, 7 et i), 182 b 32. ovofiaTCoSi^s 90 a 11. oi7iiiov fiiaov 80 b 21. fii15 ibiq. Comm. 6ov c;^^/t42b34, 35 et 39, 44 a8, 93b31. TTJs ovalas Comm. I. p. 270. TQiyoJvov 11 a 8. d Xoyoi; rrov 47 b 3, 48al5, 50 b 8. SicoQtafiivtov ioTtv 4b32et35. X6- fttTa^i^d^ttv 161 a 33. XoyiHOg iUTa5oTtxdv d Xfcov 70b27. yos SrjXog 162 a 35. fifTuXc^fi^dvftv 49 b 3, 94 b 22, 130a 39, cpayXos 162 b 28. 162 b 27. 149 a4. fifTaXafidvtc&at j|)SD5>;sl62b3. idyotyFAoio(182bl5. '37bl5, Comm. 39 a 27 et 41 a 39. SiaJ.fKTtyioi 105 a 11, 165 b 3. totaTtyioi fitTdXrjtpiv notfta&at 149 a 6. KaTa fitSiSaa-AuXfnoL 165 bl. neioaaTtnoi 165 b 4. TdXrj^iv ov;iAoyt()|ttdsComra. 45bl7. 165 b 7. nQosTOvvofia fitTaXXayfjv noifta%at 149 a 15. QTjTOQixoi 183 b 27. - nqhs TTjV Stdvoiav 170 b 13. X6- fitTa^v Corara. 12 a 2. to ,11? TOf|d gevov ^^KQtr 160 b 22. rd (ra) avd nus neutrura 166 b 12, 173b28. Xoyov 51 b 24, 85 a 38, Comm. 51 b24. fitTacpoQais ov Sft StaXtyto&ai ov8 Xoyoi ols ov yiilTai ovofia 48a30. OQi^tG&at 97b38. Xotnog i. q- fTfQos 14 a 8, 13, 34, TotJ fitTixtiv o'osl21all. fitTixtrai 101 a 2, 106 b 22, 112 a 26, 115^12, To yivos 126 a 21 ibiq. Comra. 13 et 19, 127 b 10, 148 b 25, 154 a 8. fiiTtTiov 128 b 10, 139 b 7. Tivi vnaQxttv Corara. .24al9. fxri AvnorpQcov 174 b 32. Collocatio vocis firi ib. 4b22. AvaavSoos 97b2l, 176 b 5. d MrjStKOs noXffiog Stu xi iyiviTO Xvasts 176 a 20, b 29, 179 b 23. 94a3(. Xvatuos avXXoyiafiog 70a31 et 34. Xcontov i. q. ificcTiov 103 a 10 et 27, fiTJvis masc. gen. 173 b 19. to fiijviv ccftSi 9fd 180 a 21. 168 a3(). 171 b 15, 172 a 3. Toi fia&i]fiaTCC niQl ftSrj iariv 79a7. firivianot (>9a33, TCCfirjxccvtKd nqos GTiQtofLtrQiavl^hZl. Mathematica Comm. 81 b 3. MiycnaXos 6 ftovai-ndg 47b30. ficc&rjais 71 al ibiq. Coram. f4,tG&aqvftv nfQt Xoyovg 183 b 37. fiaXaxov 9 a 27. To fiuXXov KaiTo TjTTOvShS^, Comm. fivrifiri 100 a 3 sq. fivijfiat^ 100 a 5. 3b36 etib. 23b 15, 6al9, 10b26; livr]fi,r} {lovri intaTiifirjS 125 b 6.

fifyaXoipvxia !)7b25. ct 22. fii^t^is 132b35, 133 al. 323. ol nuQu t^v fis&oSos Comm. 71 al. p.

nd ex.
ofjtcovvfiia
fiiai

593
148 a 23, 165 b 30. 178 a 25.
_

t6 (ivrjfioviMov l()3b29.
fiovdg Via2'i.
fiovog, fiovov, fiovcog fiogcpq 10al2, Conini. 94a20. itgoTciaicog 175 fiox^Tjqlcc TTJg

ofioivv-

Comm. 50bl8.

b 12. xXtiovg fiox&r]giotg f;i;f*v 179 b II. arov 16a32. (pvatt rcov ovoftdrcov val Tj ov dnoaoivfa&ai 175 b 9 et ovSiv iariv 16a27. rolg ovoftaaiv 13, 176 a 11. crt vai 92an. wg nvTi Tcov ngayfidzcov xQc6ftf9u avfjtvtti 171 a 20. ^oXoig 165 a7. nfgi ovofiarog ftdxtNegatio iteratur Conim. 4al5, oniit- a&at 182 b 23. titiir Comni. (i3 b 33 et 25 a 37, I. p. ovoficcTonotftv 7a5, bl2, 104 b 36, 278, ib. 27b27, 80 a 3, 81a26. 157 a 29. o NilXoi cp^ivovTog rov firjvcg fiul.' 6vofiuTc6Sr]g Ao}os93b31. Xov ^il 98 aol. ovog TO rt Jtuov xai ro axfvog 107 a 19. vifiiartriitog 109b38. pugv '- du^Xv 10(i a 13,107 a 15. o|i'. Neutrum genus pro alio genere usur- o'|i;rf ov l^agvTfgov grj&ev 178 a 3, patur Comm. 4b4, ib. 48b34. I(i6b6. cum verbo et plurali et singulari o^vycovtog 107 a 17. numero coniungitur Comm. 69 b 3. onfg -19 b 7, 83a 24. 27, 29, 30, 89 a 35, vrjvffiia t. yalrjvri. 64, Comra. 49al8 et 83 al. vofLog 140 a 7. onuv nrjyvva&ai 99a28. vovg dkrjQ-rig dfi 100 b 8. (x.QX^ ^^'' onortQ' irvxfv 18b6, 7, 8, 15, 23, 30, aTTjfirjg 1(10 b 15, 88b36 19al9, 34et38. Numerus mutatur Comni. 4a8 coll. ib. 6 onriov 22a38. b 11 et 16 b 1 sub fin., ib. 28a6 et69b3. ror onrtKcc vno ytcofitTqiav 75bl6, t6 vvv dgxf] Toi> xoovov 95bl8. ^78b37. vcodog 12a31, 13a36. oqyavov Prooem. Anal. post. ogyava $!vo>igdrr]g 1 I2a37, 141a6, 152ii7et27 8t a>v oi avXXoyiafioi 108 b 32. ov Big t6 6 xort ro v oaa rf/livrct 174al, ftixgov ogyccvov 163 b 11. oyxoj Xoyov 155 b22. ogy^ 127h30, 156 a 32. 686g 4() b 24 et 33, 53 a 2, 84b24. 686g ogtixccX-nog 92b22. 1] Kurcc Ttuvrmv 46 a 3. oSco 109b 14. 6gi'c6ftfvog act. 1 39 a 28, b 13, 141 b 23, 0tdas71a31,b4et5,177bl2,179a33. 147 b 12; pass. 139a30, 34, b24, oiSa/ifv 93 a 25 {lOfifv ib. 26, 36, b 3). 140a26, b 1, 141 b 24, 147 b 13. Sgtotea9at 76 a 28. arat act. 139 a 33, 140 b 4, 141 a 24, olvog ylvKvg uvazrjQog 111 a3. oi- 31, 33, b2. vog v8coQ atarinog 127 a 18. ogiy.ov 102a5, 9, b34. otov explicandi vim habet Comm. cgiafiog 102 a 10, blO, 28, 103 b 15,

oficovvfiog lal ibiq. Comm. oficovvficog Comm. lal et 110 b 16. uoqiovofiu 16al9 ibiq. Comm.

IblScoU.
iiXov

ib.

4b23.

Comm. 17a39.

axi^oTirsgov 96b39. "Ofingog 157 al5, 166 b 5 (II. t/;'328),

oXoiiTigov

50all, 72a21, 75b31. 93b29, 94all, 97bl3, Comra. 94all.

a3ro'5f/|/s

90 b2, 30.

cvXXoytaft6s

92b35.

166 b 7

(II.

Tjaig ax^ftcc

15?). 171 a 10.

ri

'Ofiriqov

noi- oQog

ofioyovov 95 a 37. ofioiog cog, manBQ Comm. 67 a 8. i'aov 6a33, llal5. Sfioiov oftocoaxriftog 32 b 37. ngoruattg Oftoioaxrifiovig 27b34,

24bl6 ibiq. Comm., 93b38, 97b26, 101 b 22, 38, 153 a 15. ooot 25b32. 26a8, 27al9, 21, b5, 6, 16, 38, 28a34, b23, 36, 39, 29 a 9, 76b35. j; nfgirovg ogovg nQuyfiareiu 139 a 24. Xa^tlvogovg 27b20.
dn6Sfi^tg Sta TQtcov ogcov ogog rov ngog o nicpvKtv

ndacc

33a37, 36a7
108 a 7.
oftoiorgoncog
oftoicoftara
II.

ibiq.

Comm.

41b36.

145 a 25. ogogv.uloQogllthZ. 6ftoioaxT]ftoavvrj l()8a25, 170 a 15. 105 b 6. Ti]v ofioioTTTa ETil rivcov aKtnriov ogcoftfv flaSfxofifvoi

21b26. 16a7.

ocraoyfffs d iivfXog 140 a 5. ort vai 92al7. dnctvrdv ort 92al6. t6 ori Siacpiqei nal xo Stori iniaza-

38

594
a&tti

n d e X.

78a22.

otl itcratiir

Comiii. naqtfi^dXXfiv 157 al.

et 153.1 20, negligentius repe naqffintnrcov oqog 42 b 8. titur ib. 741 18. naqf^fXfyxfaO^cn 112 a 8. ov 16fi>)5 sq., 177 b37 sq. Vo- naqfyXfyxog 176 a 24. 181 a 21. ov cis ov collocatio Comm. 4l>22. riaqfifviSov Xoyog 1821 26.

24 a7

ov8fv iTtqov i]Tm f^j^f/v 134a35. ovSfv Fartes orationis duas agnoscit Arist. fieriv et ov8fv ttoiv Coinm. 16a26 Comm.l()b26. Partcs pliilosopbiae
coU.
ovGict
ib.

16b4

V. cpiXoaocpia.

ovv apoditsin indicat

11)27, Coiiiiii., 96a34, b 12. nqcoTr} ovoia2a^J5, b5, 3b25, 23a'J4. a) nqcoTai ovaiai or TcgosTi 8al5. SfVTtqai ovaitti'i al4, 1)7, Comm. 2al3. fialXov ovaia Comiii 2b7. ovaia circumscribit id cuius est ovaitt ib. I. p. 283. ovaia cur prima sit categ-oriarum ib. I. p.

Comm. 2h11 ibiq.

I.

p.336 naqcovvfia lall

napcovvficog

ibiq.

Comm.
et 7,

6bl3, 10a28, bl
,

109 b5, l!la34.

ndaxfiv 'iiii 11 bl. Tov narfqa ^vfiv Il5b23. nsiqaariiioi XoyoL l()5b4.
ariHri fifqog rfJQ SiaXfKTi-nfjg

?)

nfLqa169 b 25,

171b4, 172a21 sq, 183bl. nfnfqaafifvdnig 8-h32.

nfqttivsoirciL

283

extr.

4la21, 42b30.

ocpgvoaniog 140a4. Ttad^^fiKTa cpvatKa 70 b 9.

nfqii]q^.a&co 7 b 5 et 7. 6 naqcov 6 nfqL^ ;^q6vos

16bl8.

nfqiovaiag 118a6etl2. ntqtrrog Comm 118a6. 7] TzaiSfvaig TcJov Tifql rovt; ^oiaTiHOvc TTfQKfavfg 158 al. Xoyovg (iia^aQvovvrcov 183 b37. Persona verbi mutatur Comm. 5b8. itaXcxiGTQiv.6g 10 b 3. naXttiarqL-iiri ini- nscpvaicofifvr] 9a2. OTrifiT] 101)4. nrjSaXicoTov 7 a 12 et 14. Ttttvailrjvov 93a37 ibiq, Comm. nrjXrj^ masc. gen. 173 b 20. Ttttvrrj ncivTcog 4 a 35. nrjXog 127 a 14. ninTfiv TO arn navrog naQ" avTO ita- ninrfL ncog rovvofia i9 ab &6Xov 73a26. Hara nttvrog 24b28. vno TTjv avTrjv fLf&oSov 102a37, naqd Comm. 158 b 14. t6 naqa (ii- Staiqfatv 151 a 15. )f6vl69bll, 15. (iTj nttQDc TOVTO niarfvofifv ndvTU r/ St^ cSvXXoyi6(iOV Gvfi^aivfiv ro tl^BvSog 65a38. Tj i^ inaycoyfjg 68bl3. iv naqa^varcp 157 a 4. niaris 126 b 15 et 18. naquSfLyfia 68h38 ibiq. Comm. na- /TtrraMOff 70al6 et 26. gaSEiyfiara ota "Ofirjqog, (ifj ota ol nXdvrjr fs ov ariX^ovGiv 78a30, XoiqiXog 157 a 15. Comm. 78a24. naodSo^a noislv XiyfLv 172b29, ro nXuTvcpvXXov qjr^o^ooeZ' 98b 7. 173a7. maTtov 122 b 26, 140 a 3, b 4, 148al5. naqaHQovsa&ai pass. 165 a 15; act. Pleonasmus Comm. 5b9 et 10, ib. 157 a 27. 24bl7 et 36 a 9, ib.43a39 et 61 b7. jiaqayiqovOfig 175 bl. nXrjv, nXfjv fl fiij 43a39 ibiq. Comm. jiaqaXoyi^ovraihavTovs 156a29. na- nvsvfia 127a4. gaXoyLa&fjvai naqaXoyiaac&ai noLfiv 2a4, llbl. 108 a 27 ibiq. Comm. naqaXoyi^s- noirjTiyid cpvXaKTLitd 114a29. 09^^ pass. 175 a 10. ^^aoTtxa Il4bl6 et 23. naqaXoyiafioL 101 a6, 64bl3, 77b20 noLdv lb29, 10a27, Comm. 8b25. 8b26. et 28. OL f|co rfjg Xf^tcog 166 b 21. >j noLOTTjg nXfovaxcsg XiyfraL naqaXoyiGriKos l72h3. avXXoyLOfiog nard noLorrjra Comm. iK zcov naqaXoincov 93 b 13. 45bl7. naqafiovLftog 8a30, 9b20. noXLOvaO^ai uv&qconov 32 b 6 et 17. naqdai^fia 177 b 6. noXXttxcSg Xfy6(ifvov Comm. 110 b 16. naqarrjquv 161 a 23. noXXoarri(i6qiov 125 a 9. naqarrjqrjrfov 66a25. To noXi) ov no66v 5bl6. cog inl ro

9a28. ndd-og 9a29, Comm. 9a28.

7ia&r]Ti)ial TtoiOTrjTfs

f'x

naqsKTBivHv 99a35, 37.

noXv Comm. 25bl4

et

32bl9.

Index.
novrjgoXoyia Ifi4bl3.

5i)5

nqoanUTriyoqtiTai

ro/rov

ro

tOTiv

noaov 11)28, 4I>20 ibiq. Comni. 19 b 19. nori 2a2, llblO. nqoaKfiafTai 19b30. nQoaxtia&coaav noi 2al, llbll. 102 b 14. t6 nQoaKsifisvovnfqtiQycos ra Ttccoa nodag I(i4bl9. 151 b 22. ra nQfxyfiara ccvra nvx fOTi diali- TrgnaXafi^dvfa&ai ngoaXrjipig Comm.
YBO&ai q)^govtng l(>5aG. ngaYfiazfvtad^at Comra 9fibl5. nqay/inrf-vThov 105 bol, l('6'i2. Praepositio quae praccessit non repetitiir ('oinm. Sb 13. Praepositionis sing-ularis usus ib. (>al. ngaog fyxgoT/je 125 b 23. ngd^ig fxayiqu 5 l>2. nooanocp^aai 177 a 19. iiaXfHTtnqo^lrina 10H> 1(), 29.
58 b 8

nqoanvv&dvfa&at 173 b
TTq6aqr,aig

12.

Corain. nqoaarjfiaivfiv 140 a 19,155 a 33,16 b 6,

ibiq.

25 a 3

8, 9, 13, 18, 24. l(>9bll. Tr^ofiroxrtxov vnriQfri)i6v 1281)19. nqoaTCi^tv Troitla&at 103a35. nqoavXloyi^fad^ai 66a35, 15()a7.

nqoavXXoyiafioi 42 b 5 (cf. 53a40). nqoaxQfja&ai 49 b34. y.6v 104 bl et 35. ra fi\v naQ^o- nqoacpSia c^fla ^aofia 179 a 14. lov T<x 8' inl ixiqovg 108 b 37. nqu- 7roa T^v nqoaioSiav Xoyot l()6bl, Blt]un yalsnov iveniXfiQT^^^ov 169 a 27, 177 b 35. 42b29. 7rec5rao/s24al(),25al,77a37,101bl5,

nqoytva>a-Ativ avnyv.aiov

8ixwg1\&\\.

nqoyvcoqi^ftv 141

I)

12.

nqoSiXoc 112 b22.

nqoSioi.inXoyr]a6fii-&a 108 b 15.

nqodtofioXoyrjtiov 110a37, 148b7. nqo}-yx(tqi]aag l(>0bl5.

nqotinag 134 b 13. nqofviyy.ag lOiMi 27. nqofviaTaa&ai 174 b 30.

nqofvaTaT^ov 17(>b2(>.
nqof^fiQYanfifvog 1831)35. rfiv nqoQ^faiv irotr^aafifvog vnlg noiOTrjTog llii21.

72a7. 72al0, 77b39, 158 a 16, Coram.201,22 coU. ina,'Vd~o|os74b23. ib. 24a25. avXxTtx2 77b34. luo/a 32all. XoytaTiyi^ 24a28. nqoTaaftg dvTt63 li 22. fvSfxoftfvai Hfififvat 32 b 35, 3(), 33 h 19 tvSix^-a&at Xafi^dvovaai 33li38, 35bl6: ivSixsa&at Xafi^avocifvai 35a26 sq. ivCoinni. 24iil6. dnoSsiHTtxrj

a|Uffos

SiaXfnrty.r,

al arjftaivovaat 39b21: v.ard To ivSixf^^cti 32a30, 1)35, 331)2. 35 a 6 f-nSvonqoTdafcovnds Pronoraen Comm. 67a35, ib. 20 avlXoyiafioi 42a32. 8\g TavTov iv a31. Taig nqoTUfifatv (>6a27. nQootOTfov 1101)29. 7rorartov 161 a 29. ngonr]la-Atafing 144 a 6. nQOTartv.ng l()4b3. TrgocCorara.SOall. oo? ciim dat. ib. roraTtxc5s 174 b 39. 36 b 5. fTt nqog 166 a 35. OQog tov nuoTtlvfa&ai 164 1) 4. daacptg to ngonqog 6 nfcpvyfv 145 a 25. nqog tov- Tftvofifvov 17() I) 6. nq^iQ t^v 8iyvoiav 1701)13. TTQOTfoov Ttrqaxc^g XiysTat 14a26 vofta nqoQ Ti lb29, 6a3(> ibiq. Comiu.. ibiq. Comm. nqoTfqa rij cpvati
(Jf-^^fC^S^ffi

8a3l, 5bl6.
nQoaavaiofta&at 62 a nqoianoSoTfOv 130 b 28.
nQoaanoKQivfdii^ai 1751)11. nqoa8riXnvv 92 b 2:i ,^ 34 ,_ 173 b 7. nooa8ia).fyfa&ai l(>5bl5.

nqog Tj^as 711)34, Comm. 711)21. f'x nQovnaQx^var^g yvcactcogndaafiaQ^r^aig

71 al.

nqovnolau^dvftv 621)36, 7lal2. >rQo;^F/o/Jfc^ai2a36,10bl9, HI5a35.

nqoxfiqov fivat nfqi rt 1*131)27. nqoxfiqcog txftv ntqi ti 163 b 25.

nqoa8ioQf^uv 20b29, 120a8. nQoaStoQiaTtov 151 24.

nqoafnrjQfd^cov 161 a23.

nqocfni^linftv 45a21.
ix

UqmTayOQog 173 b 19. nqmTOV vai aQxri TatJT0v72a6. nqiuTos Comm.7ll)16. nqcorog avXXoytafioi ib. 1. p. 372 extr. coll. ib. 44 i) 6. nqaiTco Ttvl vndqxfiv Comm. udrarorSZbS. 66b20. nqmTOV

nQnaQ-iafcog

87a35.

nqoa&sasig

21b27.
nqoaxaraeKfvd^fa&at 183bl.

38*

506

Index.

nqdToog Comm. 16 a 6. nq(at(og xiv\ ^ aocpiGTiK^ tpuivouLsvri ^crt Gocpla 165 a 21, 1711)28. vnaq%fiv ib. 66 1)20. ntsqoixov 7a2. cotpKJt-txos Tgojros 71bl0, 74a28, 111 b 32. Tcrrafficrl a 12,6 b 33,16 b 1 ibiq. Comm., TdTTos 172 b 25. A.dyot ao42 b 30 ibiq. Comm., 106 b 2, 114,i33, cpiazixoi 165 a34. avXXoyiafiol kuI 118 a34,124 a 10,b 36,125 a 5,133 b 36, Usyxoi <JoqptffTtxo/169bl9, 170 a 12. 136 b 15, 148 a 11, 151 b 30, 153b 25, (jjroudaros cpavXog 4al6 et 20, 173 b 27 et52, 182 a 27. 12h13 13a22. ajrd t^s dqfTrjg IIvQ^ayoqnoi 94b33. ov naqcovv/ucog Xiyhrai 10 b 7. dqsjrvxvdv 10a20. rfjg idtov Tov sxovra notsi anovjrvxvorj^S 175 b 34. Saiov 131 b 2. nvnvovTCii xo fif-aov 84b35. aTOTinrj KtvrjTiytr] 127 b 16. uxrtxog 9al4 et 19. (jTC-qrjGig 12a26 ibiq. Comm. bl6, niq 130 a 13, 37, b29, 139 a 14. 13 a 31, 106 b 21. aTfqijafig llAnl. CTsqtjastg ^ailJdj' 182a2. Mr^yog(at 52 a 15. Relativa constructio negligentiiis mi- crf^jjTtxdv jroqpartxoj' Comm. scetur cum demonstrativa Comm. 38 b 13. 25b35 et 73a34. Duo pronomina aTtyfir] fiovdg 108 b 26, 87a36. relat. eodem orationis membro po- ariXstv 78a30. sita ad diversa referuntur Comm. arXtyyig 145 a 23.

4al2.
^fifia.

a.6qi6rov 16 b 6 ibiq. Comm. 6 b 14, 19 b 10. avv q^fiarog ovS(fiia v.aroKpaaig ov8\ anocpaaig 19bl2. h^rmq 149 b 26. |/ff 173 b 10, 182 a 4. gofKOv 181 b38. tig Saqdsig 'A&r]valoi iviaXov 94 b 1. aqpES Comm. 76 b 17. )j osXtJvt] tfqportQOfiSiJs 78 b 4. 6J]fiavTiyt6v 16a24, b26, 27, 17 al.
arjfiftov

aroixfiov Comm. 14a39, ib. 84b21. xara to arotxovv 19b24. crd|U xotits 94bl5. dno GTOficcTog 163 b 28.
arqvcpvorr^g 9 a 30. Subiectum orationis (tJs) omittitur Comm. 3 b 22. Subiectum et praedicatum diverso numero posita coniun-

guntur

ib.

4a8.
cts

Substantiva verbalia in

Comm.

24a25.

69rt7. arjfinov S^, Tf7iur,qiov avyv.araqi^fifioQ^ai act. Ila22. avynaTctriQ^faQai 116 a 11. 8f constr. Comm. 16al6. fljjjrtov 98a21. av^vyia 113 a 12. Gr]il)i8ayilg ro cpaXayyiov 140 a4. GVKOCpdvTT]fia 174 b 9. 24bl8 ibi^. Comm., ciy (ovTa XsyBi v 166 a 12,171 a8,177 a 12, avXXoyiafiog ajro5fixTtxds74bll.ovA100 a25. altnv 94b33. ol i| vno&iafcog eiuov 1811)38. Xoytafioi df txrtxo/ 40b27. oi i^sTO a^vvaroi' 41 a22, eKivT] 173 b 40. crfgjyrtxoi' 85a2. avXXoyi45 b 9. OK^iptg iniTiurjascog 131 b 11. GHX7]q6v 9a25. Cfjog StaifxrtHos lOOaSO. avXXoyiint<>Tr]fioiv Zyiv^^aig ovti slalv avXrjraf lSh3(^ afiol fvSo^ot 170 a 40. ltcrtxds 100h24. vtxoi'71bl8. CO/lotx^iCfH' TO TJj Xi^ft ^aq^aqi^siv ^tor/xds nal coqptcrixds 171 b 8. 165 b 20. d rov Siort jpfvSr]? 176 b 31. co/loixt<T/tds 173bl7, 182a7. ol did rfjg dvriarqocpfjg 79a22. G0fiq)i) tfxovr] 106 b 8. quas 51 Toi; aSvvdrov 61 a 18. 63 bl7 Sorites, de numero conclusionum habeat Comra. 42b25. ol sig rd ddvvarov 41a22, 45a23, ot i^ inaycayrjg Gocpia Prooem. Anal. post. b9, 167 b 23. 68bl5. f| -djro^^fCfms 41a38, Gotpiafia 162 a 16. 451)16, 50al6, Comm. 45bl7 extr. GotfiafiaraSr] inixstqr]fiaTa 158 a 35. d Gocpiarf^g XQV et ib. I. p. 433. avXXoytaiiog TtXftog GOfpiarai 74b23. jr^cdros ib. I. p. 372 /lariaT^g dno cpaivofisvr]g aocpiag Comm. 24 b20. nard fifrdXr]extr. coll. ib.44b 6. 165 a 22. tptv ct HaTcc noioTrjra ib, 45 b 17. jras GocpiGTfvsiv 165 a 28.

n d e X.

507

ovlXoyiafiog 8ia tqkSv oqwv 81bl0. CVV080L SittXfyiriiiai 159 a 32. ol ariXsig ovlXoyiGfiol nlfiovvTai avvoXov Comm. 17a39.
Sicc Tov n^coTOV cxrjfiixTog 29a30. avvTfXovvTa fig Trjv TS^vqv 165a37. ndvTfg dvayovTai ftgTOvg (vrconQm- avvvnovoklv 176 a 39. TO) cxijfiaTi na&oXov 29ltl, 40hl9, avvciovvfia la() ibiq. Comm., 3b7, 4(ib40. Ttcog fVTcnqrjaofifv ovXXoyi- 107 b 17, 148 a 24, Comm. 107 h 4. nvvcovvficag 3a34, 109 h 6, 127 h 6. Cfiav 43iili0. avXXoyiGfiogyhfTai avayxatoi' rt yivfTai Cnnini. 'i9a21 Siiperlativus comparativi notionem extr., ib. 45al8extr. 'rabiilaesyilohabet (Jomm. 112 a 33. gismorum Comm. I. p. 385 et p.4l48q. Supplementum Comm. 64b26, ib, ()5bl et 68 h 5. avfijiaivfiv f)i 15(> b 38. avuj^f^flKogWilA, 103 b 17, Comm. rtvaroixia 114 a 38, Comm. 16 bl et 71hl0. (JVfi/JfjSryxos 79 b 6. xaO'' avTo 73 b 4, 0,11. KaTa avfi^f^f])i6gSlh2s. GvGToixa 114a27, 124al0, 153 b 25, 83al(),20,l()8b5et7,Comm.43a34. Comm. 16 bl et79b6. avfi^ici^tiv 154a 3(), 155 a25, 158b27. avaxTlfLaTtcag 151 h 8.

cvfi^XrjTog 107lil3.

GcpoSqoTrig 12()hl5.

Gvfi^oXov 16 a 4 ibiq. 16 a 6, 24 b 2.

Comm.

coll. ib.

avfififToia 145 b 10. evfinfnXfyftiva 16a23, 148 b 23. cvfinfqavaaO^ai 154a33.

acpoSqmg dnocpa!vfaQ-ai%hTi. axfSov Comm. 32al6. axiifiot Comm. 26 h 33 init., ib. 26 b 34.

7Igd}iTOv2()l)33.

8fVTfqOv'l^\)Zfi,
ra
GxrifiaTtt flg

rqizov 28al'i.

CvfinfqavTiyicag 174 b 11.

t6 Gvfinfqaafia

nfqaafLa
cvfinXoyiri

rt

Comm. 53al7. xara Tivog 53 a 8.

cvfi-

dXXrjXa dvaXvtTai 51a22, h4. iv noicp axrifLaxL tOTLv i^ dvTLXfififvcov

nqoTaGfcov

GvXXoylaaa&aL

63b22.

avfinXa)iriGfTai 112 h 31.

lal6, b25, 13bl0,113al.

GVficpfqroTfqov 118 h 32. cvficf,cavia 90al8, 123 a 87, 139 b 37. CtCOGTLK^ VOfLCOV 149 b 33. CvvayioXovQ^fiv 52hll. acocpqoviKog 115 b 15. cvvaXrid^tvfLv 19h36. ra Si nonrectesibiresponrd fiiv TQ avvccficpco 20 I 37. dent Comm. 83a24. Gvvavaiqfiv 7h37, 8a4. fii] TaqaTTtTco rJjU.ag3a29. ov SfiTaCvvdnTfiv nqogxoivov oqov 4b26, 29 quTtfG^aL firj Tig cpriGT} lla20 ibiq.

iniGTrjfiovLXOV fidXiara t6 nqcioTOV 79al7. To axrjfiaTfigXf^fcogl(\hh\^. SioyiqaTrjg 1831)7.

et36.
CvvdfGfiog 17 a 9 et 16,

Comm.
ravTov noGaxoog Xiyftai 103 TavTorrig 45 a 22. TfYfiriqiov 70 h 2. TtqfTiafxaTa tu fl'Hr) 83a33. Tfqd^qtvovraL 156 h 38.
afi.

Cvvdioq&coaag 151 1)7. cvv8va^'^fifvog 118 b 15. cvvflqai 175 a 30.

CvvfniMOGfiflv 157all. evvfnivfvf>v 169 a 33. rsryr/'Jf/v69i)31,171blfi, 172aT, cvvfnlGTaaQ^aLTOvfniaTafifvovX^^iii^ TfTqaycDviGfioglh b 41,171 b 15,172 a3 et 27. 'IbSl. cvvfnLcpfqfiv 52 b 7, 144 b 17, 29, 30 Tixvr]g dqxv 100 a 8. 157 I) 23. ro r/ fcrtv 127a31,128a20 154 a 30 cvvfGig Comm. 71 a 7. 89 b 24, 0 a 3 1 3(i, b 3, 92 h 4, 96 a 2o! GvvfaT(i.vai nqbgTOvgTV/^6vTag\ii^\A2, ro rt' ]vftv(vt91a25, h8,10 26 92a7, cwfxfc: 41)20 ibiq. Comra. , 65h20 9, 16, 18, 24. 25, 93 a 12, 19, 94 a 21,34 21, 24, 2f), 34. 35, 101 b 21, 39, 132al, 133al ovvQ^fGig propositionem affirmantem 153 a 14, 15, Comm. 94all et 20. significat Comm. 16al2. naqd ttjv TL&rjVr] 77 y;; 1391)33. Cvi^taiv ?A,fy;^o9 l()6a23, 177a3if) d Tte dvd^qconog la22 ibiq. Comm. nttTd avv%^fiyirjv (pu'oatl6a27, b2(), 2al3, cf. Comm. 3h26. iJTigyqafi17 a 2. 8id Gvv^ijitrig ctifioXoyvfifvoi juaTix^ la25. ro TtXtvy.6vln2T. Tig
,

50al8.

oraittitur

Comm. 3b22,

ib.

6a8.

598
Tieiag 183 b 31.

Index.

&fams Snwvvai Comm. 40b25.

vno&fascog
et

i^

ToSfriComm. 3bl0. roSs utTUTOvSi

150 b 27. TO|Uij unsi^og })5b30. Tu Toninoc 'iOhaG, 24bl2, 64a37, 65blfi.

32b8

avaynaiov ib. 30b33, i^ vno^iaFcoe tinXnlg Comm. I. p. 428 Hypotheticus syllogismus ib. p. 433 et 45 b 17

83b38.

Tonog I(i5a5. d Tonog rcov avvf^mv extr. 5 a H. Tonoi xftraoxf va Jovr ^c 132ti25. rd vnouaToa 122 a 9. avadKfvnGTfKoi 1521 37. Cf. vnoKfififvov Comni. 91all, ib. I. p. 139 b 5, 1, 152 b 36, 154 a22, 155 a 37, 274 sq. xaO'' vnoiifiuivov kfytTai b4, 16;ib29. laiO, 2al2, 3a9, 1271.3. ivinoTqayHacpog 16al6, 49a24, 92 b 7. nfifiivco faTiv\n'l\., 24, 2al3, 3a8, TQiocg 96^35. XiyfTai 127 b 1. TQt^otllol Tovs naTtqas &vov6iv vnoXafj^dvftv Comm. 66bl9. 115 b 23. vn6Xr]ij}ie; iniaTrjfir] 8blO, 149alO. Tgiycovov, stimma angulorum trianguli nnXfjg vnoXrjtpscos dnXfj rj dndTrj Comm 67 a 17. 79b28. Ttj;ot}<5i^nft 96al0 uoajTos 1671)7. TQonos Comm. 24al6 p. 368. yuToc voTfgflv TcHv naiQcSv 175a26. TQonov 1481.2, 158 b 27, 159 a 24, vcpfATiov Xoyov 77 b 3, 5.

cpaivfaO^ai Comm. 76 b 17. Comra. cpaivofiivog fXfyxog 169 b 38,40. qpcct25b33. vdjU.ffOtov^AoytO/uo/ 169bl8. to' cpaiTvnog Comm. 101 a 18. Tvnat Siciqe vofifvu vnh daTQoXoyiKi]v 78b39> TOJ' lO-i a 1. cog Tvncola^flv \0Za7, (fiaivofiivcog 171 b7. nfQiXa^uv 101 a 18, 105 b 19, - ipaXa-nqog 13a35. dnocpdvai 18b2, 2lb20, flnflv 111)20. ooor Tvnoa Siil^ilv cpdvai 101 a 22. 73 b 23, 77 a 10, 22. 30, 171 b 3. cpds ajroqpag lHb7, 181 b23. cpfjaat TVCpXorrig 12a27, 36. Tvxr] Comm. 87 b 19. ccnb Tvxrjg ovSfv a-TToqp^oat 71a 14, 174 b 37. cprjai tb unocp'^ xal un6cpr]ai 175b23. (pfj fVfxci roi; yivfTai 95:1 8. ToiJ unb tvajtoqpaTfov 172bl8. cpttTiov XT]g ovK Fortv ocnoSfi^ig 87bl9. 181 a 39. vyiita 145 li 8. SfiXog Comm. 76bl7. cpavfQog vytHvdv 1061.35, 110 a 19. cpavTaaia Coram. 100 b 27. vytfivcog 106b36. cpagfiuxfvsa&ni 115b26. cpuqfiaxevvyQov 1301.35. ^^rai 111 a2. vf/los TfTovnruivT] 88al4. ajrdqoaTts 51 b20. cpdaig cpdaig vXri Comm. 94a20. vnaQxdv xTa Tix^off Comm. 16bl3. HaTHcpanig 16b27, I7al7, 51b33, dnocpdafis Comm.32a28. qpaosis l^ ttvay-nrjg vndQXfiv vnKQXfiv 29b29, 33 b 9. v7ra;(;ouo(v jr^drKOi? 21 b21. qpftOfts aiavrtxE/jttfvat 38b4. 32b36. vnaqx^'- ^tvt Sinodi elvai rpda^fiv 3a31, 4a22. ol cpavXoi ndvng y.aTocnQoaiQfaiv Xi109 11 14. yovrai 126 a 36. cpavXog xoivcovos vnBvavTicofiu 1811 5.

Comm.

1391.31.

TQocpij

(foj;aT77,

TtlsvTuia)

vnfvavricodig 17.ia28.

161 a 37.

cpiva^ 126b 8. vnfQQoX^ vnfo^dXXovaa 126b28. dnfQTylvfiv 33a39, 68b24, 70b34, Tcov cpQ^aqTCOv ovti taTiv unoSsi^iS 75b24. 84a25. Ttt SoKOvvTO' Xfyfiv\Gi^yt'i2i ?qp^fyxTat 77 a 2. vnfx^tv 6 vnfxtov rov Adyov 112 a 5. vntx^^'" qp^.Vorroc Tov fiTivhg fidXXov qtXo Nilvno- Aos 98a31. 9-tO(v ?<(vtdgfO;udv l(>0bl4.

cpi^6vog 1091)36. rd cpiXftv oficovvfiov 106b3. vnoyQucpi^ 22a22. ooiafiog 72a20, 761)23, cpdiqiS fg 171 b 26, 30. vnoQ^fGig
S-faLv 1601.17.

32, 77 a 3, Comm.40b25, ib.72al5. cptXoyXvvivs llla3. ft;qptfis EtratllSa^Z. i^ vnod-iaeoas 92 a7 et 20. i^ vno - cpiXonovtlv

Index.
cpiXonqayfioavvT] 111 a 10. cpiXoaocpriina 1(2 a 15. q)ilooncp'a Comm. !i(ibl3,

509

XoiqIXos 157 a 16. XoXopdtfiva 164 b 24. Prooem. iqrjfiaTtaftos 171 b 27.
partes XqriftaTiOTi^s 165ii22. Xq^fi ttTtart X j 171 b 28. t6 xqdtfia ofioavvfinv 107 b 31. Xqcofitt

Fhilosophiae I(5b20. cptXoTifios 14()b21,

Anal.
post.

Comm.

(ptkoxQ>]fiC(Tos 1-46

b2a.

Comm. 25b33
iptvSiig 17.

sub

iin.

140 b 7. cpoqa 122 a 27, 33. jpgdv/jntS 141 a7.

tpXfyfia

Xcoqig, x^Q^^^^^v ipivdfjg Xoyos 162

Comm. Ia25.
b 3.
nqoTaaig
oXrj

iniTtiptvSi^gComm.^alj

ib. b20. cpqovifiog ovSng cpvofi 115 b cpvXfTi-aas cpvaiiottvTfs m'iTovsliHii2,7. i/jfrdoyeapf?vl01al0,132a33,157a2, tpvXXooQoft Toc nXazvcpvXXcc 98a38, 160 b 36, 172 al. tptvSoyqacprifiaTu nihVi, 14. Comm. 98 a 37. iptvdoyqucpog 17lb37, 172alO, b2. cpvqio&ai vygo} 127 a 15.

To 'iptvSog KOfi To aAjj^O^f ? nfqi avv&saiv cpvaiyal TtgoTdasig 105b24. xofi Sinfqfaiv iariv 16 a 12. ^x iptvScov cpvoi.oyvco(iovHv 70 b 7. (xXr}&ig tart avXXoyiattO&ai 53b26, vd/uoff 173 a 10. cpvaiq cirtpvaif cumscribit id cuius est cpvaiq Comm.I. 641)7. TO nqcoTov ipfvSog ()6al6. p. 283. xa YttTU cpvaiv (ra TtfcpvKOTu) rag ip^cpovg cpfQttv 165 a 14. ylvovTtti <U5 inl to noXv 25bl4ibiq. ^vxng oqog 140 b 2. to: ntql ipvxfjs 16 a 8. Comm., 32bl9 ibiq. Comm. cpvaiova&ai, 9a2. coqiafifvcog tiSivat ti 8a36, bl7, 19. (isXaivtt 106 a 25, bfi, to fTf gflos Xiyfxai 169 a 31. cog ttntXv cpcovT} Afvx^ Comm. 32al6. cog int rd noXv , &)$ 107 a 12, b35. aoficpri 106b8. t int noXv , cog tu noXXd Comm. iv xij cpcov^ 16 a 3 ibiq. Comm. 25bl4, ib. 32bl9. Xaqu, T8ijipts, fvcpqoavvrj 112 b 23. coantq ovv ti XftfisqtcoTfQog cp^ivcov 6 fitjv 98a32. coantqti, coanfqavti Comm. 34a22. Xfqaaiov 144 b 37. oocpiXtfiov 147 a 34, 153 b 38. Xicov 127 a 14.

xXtvaela 144 a7.

oaxQias

9b32.

'^

GOTHAE,

tlTTERIS OFFICINAE DVCAXIS EKGELHASDO

REVHEBIANAE.

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