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1.1บทที่ 1 การวัดระยะทาง
1.1บทที่ 1 การวัดระยะทาง
1. (DIRECT MEASUREMENT)
2. (INDIRECT MEASUREMENT)
3. (Erecting perpendicular)
4.
()
1.
2.
3.
3.
1.1
(DISTANCE MEASUREMENT)
(2525 : 1)
2
1. (DIRECT MEASUREMENT)
1.1
1.2. PASSOMETER
1
1.1 PASSOMETER
1.3. PEDOMETER PASSOMTER
1.2 PEDOMETER
1.4. ODOMETER SPEEDO METER
1.3 ODOMETER
1.5.
(Invar tape)
1.4
1.6.
(Spring Balance)
1
1.5
2. (INDIRECT MEASUREMENT)
Distance (m.)
20
50
100
200
500
Mean error (m.) 0.02
0.05
0.20
0.80
5.00
1.1 Range Finder
1,000
20.00
2.2. Theodolite
2.2.1 Stadia Tacheometry
2.2.2 Tangential Tacheomtery
2.2.3 Wedge Attachment Theodolite
2.3. Tacheometer Self Reducing Tacheometry
Staff (Vertical Staff )
Staff
2.3.1 Staff (Horizontal Staff )
Tacheometey
2.3.2 Invar Subtense bar Invar bar bar
2 . cot ()
2.6.
2.6.1 E.D.M.
(Electronic Distance Measurement)
(Optoelectronic), Laser, Infared
2.6.2
2.6.3 Interferrometry
VLBI. (Very Long Baseline Interferrometry)
2.6.4 (Satellite Measurement)
2.6.5 EDM.
-
(Global Position system = G.P.S.) (GIS)
3
SI 7
1
(metre)
(kilogram)
(second)
(ampere)
(Kelvin)
(Mole)
(Candla)
m
k
s
A
K
mol
cd
1.2
1
1
1
1
(100 )
(40 100 )
=
=
=
=
=
0.30479841
0.025
0.761996
131.23428
1.3123428
12
2
4
20
400
=
=
=
=
=
1
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
=
=
=
16
1
40
0.5
0.25
2.083
40
40
4
4
1
25
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= 100 =
= 10 =
= 10 =
1 =
SI 1.3
min
hr
d
1 min = 60 sec
1 hr = 60 min = 3600 sec
1 d = 24 hr = 86400
sec
1 = 1/( / 180) rad
1 = (1/60) = 2.90910-4
rad
1 = (1/60) = 4.84810-5
rad
1.3
1.4 1
1
1.
.
.
.
.
2. (EDM)
. Electromagnetic Distance Meter
. Electromagnetic Distance Measurement
. Electromagnetic Digital Meter
. Electromagnetic Digital Measurement
3. (Invar Tape)
.
.
.
.
4. (Invar Tape)
. 35 % 65%
. 65 % 35%
. 35 % 65%
. 65 % 35%
5.
.
. PEDOMETER
. SPEEDOMETER
.
6.
.
.
.
.
7
. X
. X
. X
. X
8.
. ODOMETER
. PEDOMETER
. SPEEDOMETER
. RANGE FINDER
9
.
. PEDOMETER
. SPEEDOMETER
.
10.
.
.
.
.
11.
. ODOMETER
. PEDOMETER
. SPEEDOMETER
. RANGE FINDER
12.
. ODOMETER
. PEDOMETER
. SPEEDOMETER
. RANGE FINDER
13. Invar bar Subtant bar bar
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4
14. E.D.M. (Electronic Distance
Measurement)
. Laser, Infared
.
. (Satellite Measurement)
.
15.
.
.
.
.
16. 1
. 20
. 20
. 20
. 20
17. 4.5465
. 181.86
. 281.86
. 381.86
. 481.86
18. 40
. 131.23428
. 20
. 1
.
19. 1
. 10
. 15
. 20
. 25
20. 3 2 1
. 6.25
. 7.25
. 8.25
. 9.25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20