Chng 7 (Phn 1): KHNG KH M

Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng

HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.1 p.1
7.3 PP o m tng i ca KK m
7.2 Cc thng s c trng ca KK m
I
d
h

7.1 Khi nim c bn

KK kh
KK m
7.4 th KK m
th t-d
th I-d
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.2 p.2
7.1 Khi nim c bn
KK m = KK kh + hi nc
- KK kh : hn hp gm O
2
+ N
2
KK kh c xem
nh kh l tng
iu kin bnh thng
Theo tnh cht hn hp kh:
h a
p p p + =
h a
T T T = =
h a
G G G + =
KK
kh
KK m (T, G, p)
T
a
G
a
p
a
T
h
G
h
p
h
Thng phn p sut p
h
ca hi nc trong
khng kh m rt nh (15-20 mmHg)
- Ty theo gi tr
(T
h
, p
h
) ca hi nc
trong KK m
Hi bo ha m
Hi qu nhit
Hi nc trong KK
m s trng thi
KK kh v KK m
V = V
a
= V
h
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.3 p.3
V d 1: xc nh trng thi ca hi nc trong KK m
cc iu kin sau
T
s
x

=

1
x

=

0
x

=

c
o
n
s
t
3
2 1
a) Khng kh c nhit T = 25
o
C,
phn p sut ca hi nc trong KK
l p
h
= 20 mmHg
b) Khng kh c nhit T = 25
o
C,
phn p sut ca hi nc trong KK
l p
h
= 35 mmHg
p n: HI QU NHIT
p n: HI BO HA M
?
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.4 p.4
Phn loi KK m: KK m c th c 1 trong 3 trng thi
T
s
x

=

1
x

=

0
D
B
p
B
= p
hbh
T
A
p
A
= p
h
a) KK m cha bo ha
A
tn ti khi cha hi nc
trng thi HI QU NHIT
(im A) : p
h
< p
hbh
Cn c th nhn tip
c hi nc
b) KK m bo ha
tn ti khi c cha hi nc
trng thi BO HA KH
(im B): p
B
= p
hbh
th T-s ca hi nc trong KK m
c) KK m qu bo ha
+ hi
nc
+

h

i

n

c
khi c cha hi nc
trng thi BO HA M
(im D)
Trng thi khng bn vng tr v KK m
bo ha + 1 lng nc ngng t
- Gi nhit KK khng thay i (T= const)
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.5 p.5
T
x

=

1
x

=

0
B
C
T
s
p
B
= p
hbh
KK m cha bo ha
(trng thi A) l trng thi
thng gp trong thc t
KK m cha bo ha (A)
c th chuyn sang trng
thi KK m bo ha bng 2
cch sau:
* Cch 1:
tng lng hi nc bay hi vo KK
tng phn p sut ca hi nc n khi t trng thi bo ha B
ng AB
* Cch 2: - Gi phn p sut ca hi nc trong KK khng thay i (p
h
= const)
gim nhit khng kh xung cho n khi t trng
thi bo ha C (T
C
= T
s
: nhit ng sng)
ng AC
A T
A
p
A
= p
h
s
T
x

=

1
x

=

0
T
s
A T
A
p = const
s
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.6 p.6
V d 2: nhit ng sng
C
Trng thi KK trc (A) v sau (C) khi lm lnh
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.7 p.7
7.2 Cc thng s c trng ca KK m
mtuyt i
G
h
: khi lng hi nc cha
trong khi KK m
V : Th tch khi KK m
Ch : a) m tuyt i khng quan trng bng m tng i
b) V phn p sut ca hi nc trong KK m rt nh c
th xem hi nc trong KK m l kh l tng.
T R G V p
h h h
=
V d 3: tnh khi lng hi nc cha trong 1m
3
KK m nu bit KK m
c nhit 25
o
C v phn p sut ca hi nc l p
h
= 15 mmHg
( )
g kg
T R
p
T R p
h
h
h h h h
15 015 . 0
273 25 *
18
8314
10 *
750
15
5
= =
+
= = =
hay T R p
h h h
=
) / (
3
m kg
V
G
h
h
=
pt (1)
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.8 p.8
m tng i
= =
hbh
h
G
G

Khi lng hi nc ang cha trong khi KK

Khi lng hi nc TI A c th cha trong khi KK
trng thi bo ha
(%)
Ch : m tng i cng nh KK cng c kh nng nhn thm
hi nc bc hi vo
V d: bng m tng i ca tp HCM
Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
74 71 71 74 81 84 84 85 86 85 82 78
( ) %
* Cng thc tnh

T R V p
T R V p
G
G
h hbh
h h
hbh
h
/
/
= =
hbh
h
p
p
=
(%) pt (2)
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.9 p.9
hbh
h
p
p
=
* ngha cng thc
T
s
x

=

1
x

=

0
B
p
hbh
A
T
A
p
h Mun xc nh p
hbh
ti nhit T
T nhit T (
o
C) tra bng Nc
v hi nc bo ha theo nhit
p sut p
hbh
V d 4: KK m p sut p = 1bar, nhit 25
o
C c phn p sut ca hi
nc l p
h
= 15 mmHg Hi m tng i ca KK l bao nhiu ?
T = 25
o
C
tra bng Nc v
hi nc bo ha
theo nhit
% 63 63 . 0
7 . 23
15
= = =
p
hbh
= 0.03166 (bar) = 23.7 mmHg
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.10 p.10
cha hi
Khi lng hi nc trong khi KK m
Khi lng khng kh kh trong khi KK m
= =
a
h
G
G
d
( kg/kg
a
)
Ta c:
T R
V p
G
h
h
h
=
T R
V p
G
a
a
a
=
18
8314
29
8314
a
h
h
a
a
h
p
p
R
R
p
p
d = =
h
h
p p
p
d

= 622 . 0
vi p = p
a
+ p
h
V d 5: KK m p sut p = 1bar, nhit 25
o
C c m tng i
Hi cha hi d ca KK m l bao nhiu ?
6 . 0 =
T = 25
o
C p
hbh
= 0.03166 (bar)
a
kg kg d / 012 . 0
03166 . 0 * 6 . 0 1
03166 . 0 * 6 . 0
622 . 0 =

=
hay
hbh
hbh
p p
p
d

= 622 . 0
(kg/kg
a
)
pt (3)
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.11 p.11
Entanpi ca KK m: trong k thut thng tnh Entanpi ca 1 kg
KK kh v d kg hi nc cha trong (1+d) kg KK m
i
h
(kJ/kg
h
):
entanpi ca hi nc c trong KK m
i
a
(kJ/kg
a
):
entanpi ca KK kh c trong KK m
( )
h a
i d i I * + =
Nu qui c chn im gc ti t = 0
o
C v p = 101.325 kPa th:
t i
a
006 . 1 =
t i
h
84 . 1 77 . 2500 + =
vi t (
o
C) : nhit KK m
( ) d t t I 84 . 1 77 . 2500 006 . 1 + + =
( ) d t t I 2 2500 + +
V d 6: KK m p sut p = 1bar, nhit 25
o
C c m tng i
Xc nh Entanpi I ca KK m ?
6 . 0 =
T V d 5
d = 0.012 kg/kg
a
( ) 6 . 55 012 . 0 25 * 2 2500 25 = + + = I
(kJ/kg
a
)
(kJ/kg
a
)
pt (4)
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.12 p.12
7.3 Nhit nhit k t v phng php o
m tng i ca KK
* xc nh cha hi d v m tng i ca KK m phi dng
phng php o gin tip : Phng php NHIT K T
Nhit nhit k KH
t
k
(
o
C)
Nhit nhit k T
t

(
o
C)
Dng
KK
m
Bc nhng nc
- Nhit dng KK m c o bng t
k
- t

l nhit ca bc nhng nc, t

ph thuc
vo tc bay hi ca nc vo KK m quanh bc
( )
u k
t t f =
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.13 p.13
cha hi d ca dng KK m c tnh bng cng thc:
( )
nu h
u k u pa
i i
r d t t c
d

+
=
kg/kg
a
vi:
c
pa
: nhit dung ring ng p ca khng kh kh
kgK kJ c
pa
/ 1
t

, t
k
: nhit nhit k t v nhit k kh (
o
C)
r : tra t bng hi nc bo ha ng vi t

i
h
: entanpi ca hi nc trong KK m ng vi nhit t
k k h
t i 84 . 1 77 . 2500 + =
i
n
: entanpi ca nc trn bc ng vi nhit t

) / ( 18 . 4 kg kJ t i
u nu
=
d

: cha hi ca KK m bo ha trn b mt
bc ng vi nhit t

1
) (
1
622 . 0

=
u hbh
u
t p
p
d
) ( 622 . 0
k hbh
t p
p
d
d

+
=
V d 7: tham kho V d 7.1 trong sch Nhit ng lc hc k thut
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.14 p.14
Tm tt cc cng thc quan trng v KK m
hbh
h
hbh
h
p
p
G
G
= =
- m tng i
(%)
Mun xc nh p
hbh
ti nhit T
T nhit T (
o
C) tra bng Nc v hi
nc bo ha theo nhit p sut p
hbh
h
h
p p
p
d

= 622 . 0
ch : p = p
a
+ p
h
hay
hbh
hbh
p p
p
d

= 622 . 0
(kg/kg
a
)
- cha hi
- Entanpi ca KK m
( ) d t t I 2 2500 + +
(kJ/kg
a
)
vi t (
o
C) : nhit KK m
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.15 p.15
7.4 th KK m
gii cc bi ton v KK m, ngoi cc cng thc tnh
ton, chng ta cn c th gii bng phng php dng th.
Thng s dng 1 trong 2 loi th sau:
th I-d th t-d
hoc
Nguyn tc s dng:
T 2 thng s no bit ca KK m trong s
m tng i (%)
Nhit t (
o
C)
Phn p sut hi nc p
h
cha hi d (g/kg
a
)
Entanpi KK m I (kJ/kg
a
) Xc nh c V TR
ca KK m trn th
Cc thng
s cn li
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.16 p.16
th I-d ca KK m
E
n
t
a
n
p
i

I
(
k
c
a
l
/
k
g

K
K

k
h

)
cha hi d (g/kg KK kh)
p
h
(
m
m
H
g
)
d
1
p
h
1

=

5
%

=

1
0
0
%

=

2
0
%

=

6
0
%
I

=

c
o
n
s
t
t =
const
- V d 8: KK m 25
o
C c = 60%
t =
25
o
C
=

6
0
%
I

=

?
d = ?
- Tm nhit ng sng t
s
v nhit nhit k t t

t
s

=

6
0
%
t =
25
o
C

=

6
0
%
t =
25
o
C

=
1
0
0
%
I

=

c
o
n
s
t
t

=
1
0
0
%
I

=

c
o
n
s
t
th t-d ca KK m
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.17 p.17
Nhit t (
o
C)

c
h

a
h

i



d

(
g
/
k
g
a
)
E
n
t
a
n
p
i

I

(
k
J
/
k
g
a
)

=

1
0
0

%

=

6
0

%
t
k
= 25
o
C t
s
t

d = const
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.18 p.18
Phng 5m x 5m x 3m
T = 25
o
C
p = 100 kPa
= 75 %
Bi tp 1:
Xc nh:
- cha hi d (g/kg
a
)
- Entanpi I (kJ/kg
a
)
- Khi lng hi nc trong phng
- Tnh li d v I bng cch dng
th I-d.
Bi tp 2: 10 m
3
khng kh m p sut p
1
= 1 bar, nhit t
1
= 20
o
C,
nhit ng sng t
s
= 10
o
C. Xc nh m tng i ,
cha hi d, entanpi I v khi lng khng kh m G.
BI TP
BI GII
Bi tp 1:
T = 25
o
C p
hbh
= 0.03166 bar
Suy ra:
a
h
h
kg kg
p p
p
d / 015 . 0
023745 . 0 1
023745 . 0
622 . 0 622 . 0 =

=
p
h
= p
hbh
= 0.023745 bar
( )
a
kg kJ d t t I / 25 . 63 015 . 0 * ) 25 * 2 2500 ( 25 2 2500 = + + = + +
kg
T R
V p
G
h
h
h
294 . 1
) 273 25 ( *
18
8314
3 * 5 * 5 * 10 * 023745 . 0
5
=
+
= =
th I-d
a
kg g d / 15
a a
kg kJ kg kcal I / 63 / 15 =
Ngi son: TS. H anh Tng
HBK tp HCM
1/2009
p.19 p.19