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Temperature: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 1
Temperature: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 1
Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object indicates that heat flows from the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature is measured using a thermometer
Temperature Scales
Temperature scales are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin have reference points for the boiling and freezing points of water
Learning Check
A. What is the temperature of freezing water? 1) 0 F 2) 0 C 3) 0 K B. What is the temperature of boiling water? 1) 100 F 2) 32 F 3) 373 K C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and freezing points of water? 1) 100 2) 180 3) 273
Solution
A. What is the temperature of freezing water? 2) 0 C B. What is the temperature of boiling water? 3) 373 K C. How many Celsius units are between the boiling and freezing points of water? 1) 100
Fahrenheit Formula
On the Fahrenheit scale, there are 180 F between the freezing and boiling points, and on the Celsius scale, there are 100 C. 180 F = 9 F = 1.8 F 100 C 5 C 1 C In the formula for the Fahrenheit temperature, adding 32 adjusts the zero point of water from 0 C to 32 F. TF = 9 (TC) + 32 5 or TF = 1.8(TC) + 32
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 6
Celsius Formula
TC is obtained by rearranging the equation for TF. TF = 1.8(TC) + 32 Subtract 32 from both sides. TF 32 = 1.8(TC) + (32 32 ) TF 32 = 1.8(TC) Divide by 1.8. TF 32 = 1.8 TC 1.8 1.8 TF 32 1.8
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
TC
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 7
= 62.6 + 32 = 94.6 F
tenths
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 8
Learning Check
The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8 F. What is that temperature on the Celsius scale? 1) 73.8 C 2) 58.8 C 3) 41.0 C
Solution
The normal temperature of a chickadee is 105.8 F. What is that temperature on the Celsius scale? 3) 41.0 C TC = TF 32 1.8 = (105.8 32 ) 1.8 = 73.8 F = 41.0 C 1.8 tenths place
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 10
Learning Check
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455 F. What temperature is needed on the Celsius scale? 1) 423 C 2) 235 C 3) 221 C
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Solution
A pepperoni pizza is baked at 455 F. What temperature is needed on the Celsius scale? 2) 235 C TF 32 = TC 1.8 (455 32 ) = 235 C 1.8 ones place
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Learning Check
On a cold winter day, the temperature is 15 C. What is that temperature in F? 1) 19 F 2) 59 F 3) 5 F
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Solution
3) 5 F TF = 1.8TC + 32 TF = 1.8(15 C) + 32 = 27 + 32 = 5 F
ones place
Note: Be sure to use the change sign key on your calculator to enter the minus () sign. 1.8 x 15 +/ = 27
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 14
In the Kelvin temperature scale: There are 100 units between the freezing and boiling points of water. 100 K = 100 C or 1 K = 1 C 0 K (absolute zero) is the lowest possible temperature. 0 K = 273 C
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. 15
Temperatures
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Learning Check
What is normal body temperature of 37 C in kelvins? 1) 236 K 2) 310 K 3) 342 K
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Solution
What is normal body temperature of 37 C in kelvins? 2) 310 K TK = = = TC + 273 37 C + 273 310. K
ones place
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