UNIT 1: MIKROORGANISMA Microorganima

Bakteria Organisma unisel

Kulat

Protozoa

Virus Paling seni

Ciri-ciri

Bernafas

Bergerak

Bertumbuh

Tidak dapt dilihat dgn mata kasar

Microorganisma Ambil oksigen Bebas karbon dioksida

sebabkan makanan Halus rosak perlukan suhu/air/makanan

Mikroorganisma berbahaya dan berguna Berguna

-makanan (Roti/tapai/tempe/ yogurt/jeruk ) -ubat / antibiotik

Bahaya

Pencegahan
Basuh tangan

Kesan

Penyakit
Sakit perut Campak

Masak air Menutup mulut apabila Batuk dan bersin

Penyakit Makanan Beracun Makanan Rosak

Pereputan gigi Gigi Reput Sakit mata / cacar

Unit 2:KEMANDIRIAN SPESIES

CONTOH haiwan yg menjaga Anak dan telurnya

Bagaimana haiwan melindungi telur dan anak

Bird, Frog, Spider, Fish, Snake, turtle, Kangroo, Elephant

Kemandirian spesies Haiwan

Bird kulit telur yg keras Frog telur yg berbau busuk Spider - kept in a bag underneath its body Fish simpan anak dalam mulut Snake, Tiger - menyerang musuhnya Turtle menyorok telurnya Kangaroo menyimpan ank dlm kantung

Kenapa haiwan menjaga Telur dan ank nya

Sumber makanan Kepentingan

Memastikan spesiesnya Selamat

Elak daripada kepupusan

Agen penyebaran
Air

Ciri-ciri Ringan / ruang udara sabut dan ruang udara disaluti kulit ringan

Contoh
kelapa

buah teratai Buah pongpong

Angin

meranti Angsana Lalang Getah Keembung Semarak api

bersayap Bersaiz kecil Kering

Kemandirian Species Tumbuhan

Meganisme Letupan

Kering apabila menjadi matang

berwarna cerah

Rambutan Mangga Durian Tembikai

Haiwan

Boleh dimakan sedap Berbau wangi Biji yg Keras

3.1 Food Chain

Makanan yg dimakan Oleh haiwan

Pengeluar

Klasifikasi Haiwan

Rantai makanan

Pengguna

Benda hidup perlukan makanan Tumbuhan hijau Boleh membuat makanan Sendiri . Bagaimanapun Haiwan tidak boleh Membuat makanan sendiri

Tumbuhan hijau Tidak makan Untuk mendapatkan Tenaga. Tumbuhan Perolehi tenaga Daripada Cahaya matahari

Herbivor: Makan tumbuhan saja . cow, goat, deer

Hubungan makanan Antara benda hidup

Karnivor Makan Daging . tiger, lion

Haiwan yg makan Tumbuhan atau makan Haiwan lain Dipanggil Pengguna

Omnivor: Makan tumbuhan dan haiwan Lain

Rantai makanan Mesti bermula Dengan Pengeluar/tumbuhan Hijau .

Anak panah

Dimakan oleh

3.2 Synthesizing food chain to construct food web.

Siratan makanan

Habitat Siratan makanan

Apa akan berlaku kpd Bagaimana perubahan spesies haiwan yang Dalam populasi sesuatu Spesies boleh mempengaruhi tertentu jika mereka makan Sejenis sahaja makanan Sesuatu siratan makanan

Benda hidup bergantung Antara satu sama lain sebagai sumber makanan
garden

They will face difficulty to survive if the Source of food runs out

Paddy field

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

- by living things to carry out life processes. Ex : moving, breathing, growing - to move, boil, melt, or bounce non-living things

Why energy is needed?

ENERGY
Water
- moving or falling water produce energy

1.1 The Uses of Energy

Sun
- main source of energy - produces light and heat

The Sources of Energy

Food Batteries Fuel

- wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas

Wind
- Moving air - Used to pump water, drive small sawmills

- food contains stored energy

- device that generated electrical energy from chemical energy

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

Light energy Heat energy Electrical energy Kinetic energy Chemical energy

Sound energy

Form of energy
Potential energy

ENERGY
Energy can be transformed

1.2 Energy can be transformed from one form to another

Example of appliance that make use of energy transform

a) lighting a candle Chemical energy heat energy + light energy

b) Kicking a ball Chemical energy kinetic energy heat energy

a) Electric iron Electrical energy heat energy b) Radio Electrical energy sound energy c) Television Electrical energy sound energy + light energy

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

Energy that cannot be replaced Resources solar, wind, biomass fuel, water Energy that be replenished when it is used up Resources natural gas, petroleum, coal

Non-renewable energy

ENERGY
1.3 Renewable and Non-renewable Energy

Renewable energy

Why use energy wisely

Avoid wastage Some energy resources cannot be replenished when used up To save cost

How to use energy

Reduce pollution

Turn off the television when no one watching it

Switch off the lights before going to leave the room

Dry cell Precautions

Electricity

Sources

Dynamo Solar cell

Danger of mishandling electrical appliances Fire Burn Electrocution Parallel circuit Type of circuit

Accumulator

Electric shock Safety precautions to be taken when using appliances

Do not touch electrical appliances with wet hand
Do not repair electrical appliances on your own

Series circuit

Symbol and component

Name

Symbol

Dry cell
Connecting wire Switch The bulb in the parallel circuit is brighter then the bulb in the series circuit Bulb

Differences

Light
Travel in a straight line Can be reflected How ? The light that falls on objects bounces off the objects and comes to your eyes mirror
Opaque object

Uses of reflection How shadow is formed

Periscope

Kaleidoscope

When light is completely or partially blocked by an opaque object

Side mirror of a car

Light
Shadow form

Heat

Gain Loss

Warmer Cooler

The effects of heat on matter

How to measure temperature using the correct technique

Matter expands when heated

Matter contract when cooled

Investigating Materials

wood

water

milk

air

solid
stone

liquid

gas
stem

examples

1.1 Matter exist in the form of solid, liquid or gas

Properties of solid

Properties of liquid

Properties of gas
has mass

has mass

fixed shape has mass fixed volume

fixed volume

can't fixed shape

Can't fixed volume

no permanent shape

can compressed

solid - liquid

melting

Boiling

1.2 CHANGING STATES OF WATER

liquid - gas

Affected by windy and hot weather

evaporation

gas - liquid

condensation

liquid - gas

Freezing

1.3 Understanding the water cycle.

condensation evaporation

Importance of water.

Formation of clouds and rain.

sea

Circulation of water in the environment. Changes in the states of matter in the water cycle Gas liquid (Condensation) Droplets of water will become bigger and heavier rain

Liquid to gas (evaporation)

To prevent living aquatic from being destroyed and undergoing extinction

To avoid infected diseases

To regulate the formation of clouds and rain

Reasons to keep our water resources clean.

To ensure the cleanliness of water supply

1.4 Appreciating the importance of water resources.

Ways to keep our water resources clean Keep the rivers clean Cleanliness campaign

2.1 The properties of acid, alkaline and neutral substances.

Identify acidic, alkaline and neutral substances using litmus paper. Changes in colour of litmus papers blue to red red to blue

Identify the taste of acidic and alkaline food.

Conclude the properties of acidic, alkaline and neutral substances.

bitter

sour

Properties of acid Properties of alkali Properties of neutral substances

acid
no change neutral

alkaline

Taste bitter & change red litmus paper blue

Taste sour & change blue litmus paper red

Other tastes no changes in litmus paper

INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE

planting

harvesting desert

Constellation
Indicates Seasons

Importance of constellation
Show directions

sea

What constellation is

1.1 Understanding the constellation

A group of stars that form a certain pattern in the sky June - August Scorpion

Southern Cross

Identify constellation

Scorpion
south

Orion
South April June

Big dipper
Hunter

North

Kite or Cross Water dipper North December - January

THE EARTH , THE MOON AND THE SUN

Earth rotates on it axis

Moon rotates on it axis

Moon rotates and at the same time moves around the Earth

2.1 The movements of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
The earth rotates on its axis from west to east

Earth rotates and at the same time moves around the sun

The Moon and The changes the Earth move in length and position round the Sun at of the shadow the same time throughout the day

night-time

daytime
the Sun the Earth

It is day time for the part of the Earth facing the Sun.

It is night time for the part of the Earth facing away from the Sun.

2.2 The occurrence of day and night axis Day and night occur due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.

west

east

2.3 Phases Of The Moon

Describe the phases of the moon The Moon Does Not Emit Light

The Moon appear bright when it reflect sunlight

1-New moon, 3- New half moon, 5- Full moon

7- Old half moon

INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY

1.1 The shapes of objects in a structure

The shape of objects Identify shape in structure

Cylinder
Sphere

Cube

Cuboid

Cylinder

Sphere

Pyramid

Cone

Strength and Stability

Shapes of objects that are stable

Cube, cone, cylinder

The factors that affect stability of objects

1.2 The strength and stability of a structure

Height , base area

How base area affects stability

Bigger base area more stable Smaller base area less stable

How height affects stability

Design a model that is strong and stable Suggested design strong and stable Bridge one with manila card one with wood Lower object more stable Higher object less stable

The factors that affect the strength of a structure

Types of materials used Steel ,Iron, Wood