RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT

IMPORTANCE OF TRAVEL AGENCIES IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

SUBMITTED BY:SUMIT SHOKEEN ROLL NO; 094622

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: MS. HARMANJOT KAUR

GUIDES CERTIFICATE

I have the pleasure to certify that __________________________ a student of IHM MANDI GOBINDGARH, has pursed his research or!

and prepared the present dissertation "ro#ect, under $y supervision and %uidance & 'he present dissertation is the result of this o n research to the (est of $y !no led%e& 'his is (ein% su($itted to the Institute for

Inte%rated in )earnin% Mana%e$ent for the "artial fulfill$ent of the re*uire$ents of the three year full+ ti$e de%ree in hotel Mana%e$ent&

Guides ,i%nature

ACKNO

LEDGEMENT

This Project Work is a successful out come of my hard work with the help and guidance of my respected Sir.

I sincerely acknowledge the contribution of the suggestions given by ___________________ without which his project could never become a reality.

ast but not least I acknowledge all my friends who gave me suggestion and full support in carrying out research for the topic.

CONTENTS
CHAPTER CHAPTER I I!T"#$%&TI#! #'()&TI*)S ")S)+"&, -)T,#$# #./ CHAPTER II T,)#"#TI&+ 0"+-)W#"1 I-IT+TI#! #0 ST%$/ PARTICULARS

CHAPTER III $+T+ +!+ /S) CHAPTER IV &#!& %SI#! 'I' I#."+P,/ APPENDI!" #UESTIONNAIRE

&,+PT)" I I!T"#$%&TI#! #'()&TI*)S ")S)+"&, -)T,#$# #./ I-IT+TI#! #0 ST%$/

INTRODUCTION $%&'() &*(+,- is a retail business2 that sells travel related products and services to customers2 on behalf of suppliers2 such as airlines2 car rentals2 cruise lines2 hotels2 railways2 sightseeing tours and package holidays that combine several products. In addition to dealing with ordinary tourists2 most travel agencies have a separate department devoted to making travel arrangements for business travelers and some travel agencies speciali3e in commercial and business travel only. There are also travel agencies that serve as general sales agents for foreign travel companies2 allowing them to have offices in countries other than where their head4uarters are located.

OBJECTIVE

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METHEDOLOGY

The "esearch -ethods may be defined as those methods 6 techni4ues that are used for conducting the research. "esearch methods can be put into the following three groups. a. In the first group2 we include those methods which are concerned with the collection of data2 these methods will be used where the data already avail able are not sufficient to arrive at the re4uired solution. b. The second group consists of those statistical Techni4ues2 which are used for establishing relationship between variables. c. The third group consists of those methods which are used to evaluate the accuracy of the results obtained.

"esearch methods refer to the behaviour and instruments used in selecting and constructing research techni4ues.

LIMITATIONS
.. S/&)) 0+1'(%2( The %niverse for this study is too small therefore the may not truly represent the conditions in the entire industry. findings

2.

P%34)(/ 35 A,,(22141)1$it was very difficult in approaching the e7ecutives or the .uest as they would be busy2 $espite prior appointments2 they were unaccessable at times being engaged elsewhere.

6.

C3+2$%&1+$2 35 $1/( The respondents due to non availability of time could not discuss many aspects of the topic in depth.

CHAPTER II T,)#"#TI&+ 0"+-)W#"1

ROLE OF TRAVEL IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY +s the name implies2 a travel agency8s main function is to act as an agent2 that is to say2 selling travel products and services on behalf of a supplier. &onse4uently2 unlike other retail businesses2 they do not keep a stock in hand. + package holiday or a ticket is not purchased from a supplier unless a customer re4uests that purchase. The holiday or ticket is supplied to them

at a discount. The profit is therefore the difference between the advertised price which the customer pays and the discounted price at which it is supplied to the agent. This is known as the commission. + 'ritish travel agent would consider a 9:;9<= commission as a good arrangement. In +ustralia2 all individuals or companies that sell tickets are re4uired to be licensed as a travel agent. In some countries2 airlines have stopped giving commission to travel agencies. Therefore2 travel agencies are now forced to charge a percentage premium or a standard flat fee2 per sale. ,owever2 some companies still give them a set percentage for selling their product. -ajor tour companies can afford to do this2 because if they were to sell a thousand trips at a cheaper rate2 they still come out better than if they sell a hundred trips at a higher rate. This process benefits both parties. #ther commercial operations are undertaken2 especially by the larger chains. These can include the sale of in;house insurance2 travel guide books and timetables2 car rentals2 and the services of an on;site 'ureau de change2 dealing in the most popular holiday currencies. The majority of travel agents have felt the need to protect themselves and their clients against the possibilities of commercial failure2 either their own

or a supplier8s. They will advertise the fact that they are surety bonded2 meaning in the case of a failure2 the customers are guaranteed either an e4uivalent holiday to that which they have lost or if they prefer2 a refund. -any 'ritish and +merican agencies and tour operators are bonded with the International +ir Transport +ssociation >I+T+?2 for those who issue air tickets2 +ir Travel #rganisers8 icensing >+T# ? for those who order

tickets in2 the +ssociation of 'ritish Travel +gents >+'T+? or the +merican Society of Travel +gents >+ST+?2 for those who sell package holidays on behalf of a tour company. + travel agent is supposed to offer impartial travel advice to the customer. ,owever2 this function almost disappeared with the mass;market package holiday and some agency chains seemed to develop a 8holiday supermarket8 concept2 in which customers choose their holiday from brochures on racks and then book it from a counter. +gain2 a variety of social and economic changes have now contrived to bring this aspect to the fore once more2 particularly with the advent of multiple2 no;frills2 low;cost airlines.

T30% O7(%&$3%2 &reating tours and travel activities #ffering these to customers@ Through travel agencies or $irectly via the Web F30% /&1+ 51%/2 83/1+&$(: T%I >Thomson? Thomas &ook -yTravel 0irst &hoice

ROLES 9 RESPONSIBILITIES T%&'() &+8 $30%12/ 3%*&+12&$13+2 :&'( %(273+2141)1$1(2 $3: &ustomers #ther businesses that depend on them The whole industry

TOURISM INDUSTRY

TOUR OPERATORS 9 DISTRIBUTORS

Providing the Anuts and boltsB of the industryC ,otels2 villas2 apartments2 '5'2 camping parks Packages of travel tours to popular locations Selling the travel product6service to individual and business consumers

F30% 83/1+&+$ 51%/2 T%I >Thomson? 0irst &hoice -yTravel Thomas &ook +ll vertically integrated2 operating at more than one level in market

TOUR DISTRIBUTORS
%sually includes business and leisure travel agentsC Some large and well;known Some small and independent #thers in niche parts of market &an you think of e7amples of eachD

THE TRAVEL 9 TOURISM INDUSTRY

Travel and tourism is one of the worldBs largest industries It is also one of the most fragmented The two aspects of the industry can be viewed separately2 as many of the players are involved in both etBs look at each part of the industry on its own

DISTRIBUTORS

The people2 groups or firms that deliver the products and services of travel to consumers. These includeC travel agents >business and leisure? tour operators selling direct to the consumer firms selling on the Internet call centres handling customer service

PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS .overnment departments with responsibility for the industryC $epartment for Transport >$fT?

 $epartment for &ulture2 -edia 5 Sport >$&-S? 0oreign and &ommonwealth #ffice >0&#?

T"+!SP#"T
$elivery of travel products and services byC "oad +ir

 Sea "ail

REGULATORY BODIES

&onsortium of Independent Tour #perators 0ederation of Tour #perators

 People9st >Skills &ouncil for Tourism2 ,ospitality and eisure? "egional $evelopment +gencies >"$+s?

PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATIONS

$&-S *isit 'ritain "egional $evelopment +gencies 0&#

 )nglish ,eritage

A,,3//38&$13+ P%3'18(%2 ,otel chains !ew trends2 such as budget hotels 'ed and breakfast

 /outh ,ostel +ssociation *illas and country houses

R(*0)&$3%- B381(2 "egulators e7ist to control an industry to ensure that public2 business and consumers rights are protected

 The &ivil +viation +uthority >&++? is one of the travel and tourism industryBs main regulators

C02$3/(%2 H&'( (;7(,$&$13+2< 20,: &2: .ood service Euality products and services )ffective complaints procedures Protection from improper business practice

TRAVEL DESTINATION AT INDIA 'ounded by the majestic ,imalayan ranges in the north and edged by an endless stretch of golden beaches2 India is a vivid kaleidoscope of landscapes2 magnificent historical sites and royal cities2 misty mountain retreats2 colourful people2 rich cultures and festivities.

The timeless mystery and beauty of India has been waiting for you for F::: years2 always warm and inviting2 a place of infinite variety ; one that

favours you with different facets of its fascination every time you visit India.

I+81&+ E+,:&+$(8 C1%,01$2 ose yourself in the wonders2 that is India. -eander through lands steeped in chivalry and pageantry that being before recorded history. )7plore modern cities that have grown2 organically from the roots of multi;hued past. +bandon yourself to culture2 art and aesthetics in a bewildering variety of moods2 forms and manifestations. -ake a pilgrimage to holy shrines that echo with tales of anti4uity. 0rolic at a vast array of golden beaches that dot an enviable coastline2 washed by tow seas and an ocean. Sport with adventure in style2 whether on land2 sea or air. et the jungle lure you to a fascinating world at a diverse array of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks.... Indian travel agents offers indian destinations tour packages2 neatly packed for you. Tours plan2 you should logged on itineraries page. T,) .# $)! T"I+!. ) T,) ')+&,)S #0 I!$I+ T,) %") #0 (%!. ) T,) ,)+"T #0 ,)"IT+.) T,) '+&1 W+T)"S #0 1)"+ + T,) !#"T, )+ST

DELHI = AGRA = JAIPUR This triangle of three cities2 perfectly captures the pageantry of India. + gorgeous panorama of majestic architectural creation and a rich tradition of wonderful breathtaking art and culture. ,ere you can see some of the images that epitomi3e India. The marble symphony of Shahjahan8s Taj -ahal2 the imperial elegance of utyens8 !ew $elhi2 the splendor of the desert city of (aipur. )very city offers its uni4ue blend of sights2 sounds and e7periences. 0rom the opulence of

modern India. We would recommend that you start your tour at $elhi2 which is connected to most cities in the world.

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$elhi ; a canvas that reflects the comple7ities2 contradictions2 beauty and dynamism of a city where the past co;e7it with the present. -any dynasties ruled from here and the city is rich in architecture of its monuments. In the three thousand years of its e7istence. Seven cities have risen where the present capital of India stands. Where medieval palaces and ba3aars e7ist beside a modern metropolis. $elhi is a city waiting to be e7plored. R(&,:: B- A1% ; connections to all major world cities and important Indian cities. B- R&1) ; linked with most Indian destinations. B- R3&8 ; +gra <:: kms2 (aipur <F: kms and links to neighbouring states. P)&,(2 O5 I+$(%(2$ : Eutab -inar2 Purana Eila2 ,umayun8s Tomb2 (ama -asjid2 "ed 0ort2 India .ate2 (antar -antar2 Parliament ,ouse2 akshmi !arayan Temple2 "aj .hat2 Teen -urti ,ouse and otus Temple.

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+gra is the 4uintessential -ughal city2 that was the capital of their empire in the 9Gth and 9Hth centuries. +gra is not merely rich legacies of -ughal history ; it is the finest e7amples of architecture which combined ,indu and -uslims traditions and culture. $iscover +gra8s other architectural

marvels. +nd in narrow lanes that still carry the flavuor of their -ughal past2 discover the da33ling creations of their craftsmen. R(&,: : B- A1% ; connected by daily 'oeing flights. B- R&1) ; well connected to $elhi2 (aipur and other major towns. B- R3&8 ; links from $elhi and (aipur. P)&,(2 O5 I+$(%(2$ : Taj -ahal2 +gra 0ort2 Itmad; %d;$aulah8s Tomb2 &hini;1a;"au3a2 "am 'agh2 Sikandra2 0atehpur Sikri.

T:( C1$- O5 L34( L(*(+82 A+8 L3%( The capital of "ajasthan2 this pictures4ue city is a symphony in pink2 known as 8Pink &ity8. 'uilt by "aja (ai Singh in the 9Ith century2 it is surrounded by hills topped with rugged fortresses2 dotted with fairy; tale palaces. +mbling camels and brightly; dressed peasants2 reflect (aipur8s desert heritage. While teeming markets display a profusion of handlooms and crafts. R(&,: : B- A1% ; connected by air from $elhi2 'ombay2 (odhpur. %daipur. +urangabad and 'ombay B- R&1) ; services from $elhi2 'ikaner2 (odhpur2 %daipur2 +hmedabad. B- R3&8 ; linked with 'ombay2 $elhi and major towns. P)&,(2 O5 I+$(%(2$ : &ity Palace2 +mber 0ort2 (aigarh 0ort2 !ahargarh 0ort2 Sisodia .arden2 ,awa -ahal2 (antar -antar2 &entral -useum2 -aharaja Sawai -an Singh -useum.

ALLEPPEY=COCHIN=KUMARAKOM==#UILON 1erala is said to have sprung from the ocean. +ll along its coast2 these e7otic backwaters2 canals2 lagoons and inlets create an intricate ma3e that stretches for 9J::km across the land. 'egin your journey at +llapu3ha floating slowly past coconut palms dipping down towards the water and serene villages2 as the moving landscape creates a living portrait of 1erala8s rural life. #ther country crafts will go by some carrying a load of fresh bananas or coir2 others filled with people traveling to nearby villages. +nother e7citing snake boat "ace is held during the .reat )lephant -arch in (anuary. The lu7urious way to enjoy the backwaters of 1erala is on one of the lu7ury cruises. )legantly furnished and completely e4uipped to handle anything from a conference to a holiday cruise. If you are looking for a rela7ing idyllic holiday in a pictures4ue setting the palm trees and sun dipped waterways of 1erala waits for you. T:( 430+8)(22 B(&0$- O5 B&,@ &$(%2

+lleppey known as +llapu3ha is the most important city of the state2 has earned for the place its sobri4uet K The *enice #f The )astK. The large network of the canals provides +lleppey its life line. It has a long sand beach2 which is very spectacular. This busy city2 a center for coir and carpet industries. It is an ideal head4uarter for backwaters touring. +lleppey is also known for its spectacular Snake 'oat races held on the second Saturday of +ugust every year. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is &ochin H: kms. B- R&1) ; well connected with major towns. B- R3&8 ; one and half hour drive from &ochin 'y 0erry ; connected with 1umarakom2 1ottayam2 Euilon2 and &ochin. P)&,(2 35 I+$(%(2$ : 'ackwaters Tour2 1rishnapuram Palace2 +mbalappu3ha2 Sri !agaraja Temple L< kms. enroute to Euilon.

T:( #0((+ 35 A%&41&+ S(& &ome to &ochin. Eueen of the +rabian sea. 'elieved to be the finest natural harbour in the world. With ferry rides commanding its breathtaking view. +s you cruise around man;made islands with lush green lawns sloping down to the water8s edge. .iant &hinese fishing nets that billow from massive teak and bamboo poles dot the entrance to the harbour. Silhouetted against the setting sun2 they present a magnificent sight of the water front. &ochin is the oldest )uropean settlement in India.

R(&,: : B- A1% ; linked with direct air services from $elhi2 'ombay2 -adras2 .oa2 Trivandrum2 ,yderabad . B- R&1) ; )rnakulam (unction and )rnakulam town stations are connected by all major cities. B- R3&8 ; well connected with all major destination of India. P)&,(2 O5 I+$(%(2$ : -antacherry Palace2 Synagogue2 -useum2 *ypeen and .undu islands2 &hinese 0ishing !ets and 1ath 1ali &enters.

T:( B1%82 R($%(&$ #ne of the shores of enchanting *embanad lake 9G kms from 1ottayam2 an ideal place for backwaters cruises. There is 9M acre 'ird Sanctuary situated on eastern banks of *embanad ake. 'ound by *embanad ake on two sides2 the swaying paddy fields2 on one side and a 'ird Sanctuary on the other. /ou could sail the backwaters in houseboats2 which are poled by local oarsmen and are simply furnished with living room a bedroom and bath2 together with raised central platform creating private sit;out for you. + uni4ue e7perience of stay and joy. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is &ochin HG kms. B- R&1) = nearest "ailhead is 1ottayam 9G kms. B- R3&8 ; well connected with major destinations of Southern India. 'y 0erry ; one 5 half hour journey by speedboat. P)&,(2 O5 I+$(%(2$ : 1umarakom 'ird Sanctuary and backwaters tour.

T:( P1,$0%(2A0( C1$- O5 P3%$2 The pictures4ue city of ports is on the banks beautiful +shtamudi lake. Euilon is an inviting gate way to backwaters. Traces of once prosperous trade with &hina are still seen in form of &hinese fishing nets2 water pots2 blue 5 white porcelain and sampan;like boats. 0or the most intense backwater e7perience2 take a house boat tour to +lleppey ; a rigorous ride lasting more than I hours. +s the boat putters from one village on the water front to another you are treated to a full range of lives and activities. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is Trivandrum H9 kms. B- R&1) ; nearest railhead is Trivandrum. B- R3&8 ; Trivandrum H9 kms2 well connected with other major town of Southern India. P)&,(2 35 I+$(%(2$: 'ackwater village tours2 Thirumullavaram2 Palaruvi Water 0alls2 Shasthancottah akeC the largest fresh water lake in 1erala ><J kms?.

CORBETT= KANHA= BANDHAVGARH= SARISKA= RANTHAMBHOR = KEOLADEO= PERIYAR= BANDIPUR= GIR= MANAS The total area of India8s protected wilderness is appro7imately 9M:2:::s4 km and constitutes M percent of the country8s total land area. The emphasis has not only been on protecting wildlife in reserved forests2 but in areas where man and animal continue to live in harmony. The country8s protected wilderness consists of HF !ational Parks and M<9 Sanctuaries2 of which 9J fall under the purview of Project Tiger. Its

climatic and geographic diversity makes it the home of over LF: mammals and 92<:: bird species2 many of which are uni4ue to the subcontinent. The land of the tiger and the elephant2 the peacock and the rhinoceros2 India8s wildlife is a delight for the nature lover. The wildlife parks and sanctuaries spread across the country offer a fascinating diversity of terrain2 flora and fauna.

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ocated in the Patlidun *alley at the base of the ,imalayas in %ttar Pradesh2 &orbett was established in 9JLG in area of F<: s4. kms. 2 as the ,ailey !ational Park. India8s first national park and the first sanctuary to come under project Tiger2 &orbett supports a variety of vegetation making it the ideal habitat for the tiger and its prey. The prominent faunaC Tiger2 leopard2 elephant2 sloth bear2 jungle cat2 fishing cat2 dhole2 yellow;throated marten2 ,imalayan palm civet. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is $elhi. . B- R&1) ; nearest railhead is "amnagar B- R3&8 ; "amnagar F: kms. $elhi <J: kms.

T:( D(+21$- O5 F&0+& !o other wildlife reserve in India offers the density of fauna2 found at 1anha in the state of -adhya Pradesh. #ften called Tiger and. 1anha is

located in a horse N shoe shaped valley bound by two distinct spurs2 and supports << species of mammals in the central parkland and the adjoining plateaus. #ver the years2 animals at 1anha have become bolder and more confident2 making the park e7cellent for wildlife viewing and photography of tiger2 leopard2 barasingha2 gaur2 sambhar2 chausingha2 nilgai2 barking deer2 black buck2 red jungle fowl. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is !agpur. B- R&1) ; nearest railhead is (abalpur 9G: kms. B- R3&8 ; -andla GF kms. !agpur <GG kms. R(,&))1+* T:( P&2$ ocated in the *indhya ,ills2 'andhavgarh encompasses hills covered with a mi7ed forest of sal2 dhobin and saga and large stretches of grassland with bamboo groves. $ominated by a large fort said to have been built by ord "ama2 the hero of the Indian epic "amayana2 'andhavgarh is famous for its tigers. jungle cat2 hyena. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is 1hajuraho. B- R&1) ; nearest railhead is %maria. B- R3&8 ; %maria LF kms. 1hajuraho <9: kms.

T:( H3/( O5 T1*(%2 The landscape of Sariska is dominated by sharp cliffs of hills and narrow valleys of the +ravali. The forests are dry deciduous. Within the sanctuary there are the ruins of medieval buildings. The ruins of temples of .arh; "ajor of the 9:th centuries are scattered in the jungle. + 9Hth century castle

on a sharp hilltop at 1ankwari2 provides a panoramic view of flying )gyptian vultures and eagles. R(&,: : B- A1% ; !earest airport is (aipur. B- R&1) ; !earest railhead is +lwar. B- R3&8 ; +lwar LH kms2 $elhi <:: kms and (aipur 9:H kms. G&$(B&- T3 T:( T1*(%2> D(+ )7perience of royal past and encounter with majestic tiger. The great "anthambhor 0ort perched atop a creek <:: mts. high. "anthambhor is said to have India8s friendliest tigers. +ssured of protection2 they have changed their nocturnal habits and are seen 4uite fre4uently during the day. Sprawled over the +ravali and *indhya mountain ranges. + system of three artificial lakes enhances beauty of the park. R(&,: : B- A1% ; !earest airport is (aipur 9L< kms. B- R&1) ; !earest railhead is Sawai -adhopur. B- R3&8 ; !earest town is Sawai -adhopur 9M kms. E;3$1, M1*%&$3%- B1%82 S&+,$0&%The first wildlife park on the .olden Triangle of tourism is 1eoladeo2 FFkm from the +gra. The rich a4uatic plant and animal life in the shallow2 fresh;water marsh of 'haratpur has been attracting resident and migratory a4uatic birds in thousands since times immemorial. It has a recorded history of 9:: years of duck shoots. There are over LFL species2 belonging to FG families. The Siberian &ranes visit no other waters in India2 e7cept

the marshes of 1eoladeo. 0or the number and variety of birds to be seen2 1eoladeo is matchless. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airports are +gra 5 (aipur. B- R&1) ; nearest railhead is 'haratpur L kms. B- R3&8 ; +gra FFkms2 $elhi <9< kms.

M32$ P1,$0%(2A0( R(2(%'( Periyar is one of India8s most pictures4ue reserves. + dam constructed on the periyar river led to the submersion of a large forest area and the formation of a FF s4. kms lake2 which assured the local wildlife a perennial source of water and led to its rapid growth. The home of elephant2 tiger2 mouse deer2 wild dog porcupine2 lion tailed maca4ue2 flying s4uirrel. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is 1ochi B- R&1) ; nearest railhead is 1ottayam 99M kms. B- R3&8 ; 1umily M kms. 1ochi <:: kms.

E'(%*%((+ O7(+ F3%(2$ Part of the lushly;forested $eccan Plateau2 'andipur in 1arnataka2 offers a rich and varied wildlife habitat. &overed with a mi7 of deciduous forests2 evergreen forests and scrub well irrigated by the -oyar river2 the prominent faunaC +sian elephant2 wild pig2 four;horned antelope2 black; napped hare. 'andipur has a fairly open forest floor2 making it easy for visitors to spot wildlife.

R(&,: : B- A1% ; !earest airport is 'angalore. B- R&1) ; !earest railhead is !anjangud . B- R3&8 ; 'angalore G: kms2 .undulpet <: kms2 !anjangud FF kms.

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The last surviving population of the +siatic lion can be seen at the .ir !ational park. ocated in the Saurashtra peninsula in .ujarat ..ir is composed of terrain with steep rocky hills2 deep ravines and occasional stretches of grasslands. Irrigated by many rivers2 the park supports a mi7ed semi;arid deciduous forest. R(&,: : B- A1% ; nearest airport is 1eshod. B- R&1) ; nearest railhead is Sasan. B- R3&8 ; *eraval M< kms2 1eshod I: kms. B)(+8 O5 F)3%& A+8 F&0+& The -anas river divides the lush mi7ed deciduous forests that run through India to 'hutan. #n both sides2 the habitat is 3ealously protected as it houses no less than <: species of birds and animals that are highly endangered and listed in the I%&! "ed $ata 'ook 8-anas8 is also the primary habitat of the rare golden langur2 wild buffalo2 hispid hare2 pigmy hog2 capped langur2 India one;horned rhinoceros2 water buffalo2 elephant2 tiger and hog deer.

NORTH INDIA = LAND OF ROMANCE

/ouBve arrived at $elhi. The months of planning and curiosity are overO youBre actually in India. )very e7perience2 every sound2 every smell shouts that youBve arrived somewhere magical2 somewhere

Special. It is here that the deep love of one man for one woman created the Taj -ahalO where the 1ing of 1ings ruledO where the sacred .anges flows past holy citiesO where the ,imalayas stand silent and magnificentO where F::: years of culture waits to be absorbed. D():1 = $:( O)8 &+8 $:( N(B $elhi is above all an historic city2 an elegant capital2 content to leave to &alcutta and 'ombay the roles of commercial and business supremacy. It is in fact really two distinct citiesO the energy and colour and the thronged ba3aars and -oghul architecture of #ld $elhi contrast with the formal splendour of !ew $elhi2 whose wide boulevards offer ever;changing perspectives of utyenBs landscaped city. $elhi has several world;famous lu7ury hotels2 with the comfort and style to ensure rela7ation after your journeyO from here2 set forth to e7perience the sights and sounds of the city. The gracious "ed 0ort2 the (ama -asjid >the largest mos4ue in India?2 the Eutab -inar comple7 with its soaring tower ; all are waiting to be e7plored. +llows some time to wander round the ine7pensive modern shops and handicraft centres. -agicians and dancing bears entertain crowds in the marketplaces2 while fortune tellers may offer glimpses of the future. The heat of the day gives way to balmy eveningsO enjoy a meal in one of the many splendid restaurants2 the e7otic music of sitars and veenas and the subtle rhythms of the tabla accompanying the delicious cuisines from throughout the country. 0lights and trains and buses run from $elhi all over north India2 so it is always easy to reach the ne7t destination.

T:( R3/&+,( 35 $:( >G3)8(+ T%1&+*)(>

There are so many wonders in the area south of $elhi known as Bthe .olden TriangleBO in this area is the sublime2 world famous -ahal2 the old ghost city of 0atehpur Sikri2 and the e7otic pink city of (aipur in "ajasthan. +gra can be visited first2 as it is only <:: kilometres south of $elhi2 Weep at the beauty of the Taj where love created the worldBs most beautiful building2 and spend a day wandering around the huge and truly magnificent "ed 0ort. ,ere the romantic emperor who built the Taj was imprisoned by his own son2 and one can sit in the room where he died looking at his own masterpiece. The road from here leads to 0atehpur Sikri. The glorious -oghul courtyards and palaces conjure up dreams of the mysterious

wonders of the past ; a golden age of tragedy and love2 the harem of beautiful wives enclosed in the womenBs 4uarters2 of powerful emperors2 of magical prophesies and potent charms. Southeast of $elhi2 in the state of -adhya Pradesh2 are the sculptured temples of 1hajuraho where enormous frie3es of entwined human figures practise the Barts of loveB. !owhere else in the world is mankindBs sensual nature celebrated in such intriguing and graceful tableau7. 'y now one will understand a tiny part of India2 but even this will not prepare the traveller for the e7oti7 fantasy of the State of "ajasthan. The region was controlled for thousands of years by a warrior race of honour and valour who would fight to certain death to protect their homeland2 and the landscape is dotted with their impressive battle;scarred forts. + proud and beautiful people in their many;coloured garments will e7tend a warm welcome in this powerful land of kings. !owadays2 anyone can be a king or 4ueen for a while by staying in a fairy;tale palace on one of the beautiful lakes in %daipur. 0rom here2 the B+rabian nightsB fantasy can be e7tended to magical (aisalmer N a yellow city with every building radiating the colour of the sun. )very dream ofB riding a camel or seeing a tiger stalking in the distance will come to life in glorious "ajasthan. T:( T1/()(22 G&+*& It is commonly believed that bathing in the .anges >.anga? at certain holy places purifies the soul. The .anges is a sacred and holy river2 worshipped by the ,indus2 and numerous holy towns line its banks2 all waiting to be e7ploredC *aranasi2 +llahabad2 "ishikesh and ,ardwar are some of the more famous2 and it is a delightful e7perience to mingle with the thronging crowd of pilgrims. This is yet another e7perience of India2 no less

fascinating and no less mysterious. It is uplifting to see one of the oldest religions in the world still so alive and passionately followed. The BeternalB city of *aranasi is 4uite different again a mass of winding narrow alleys and pictures4ue lanes full of colourful pilgrims2 wandering sadhus >holy men?2 ,indu priests >'rahmins? giving offerings to the gods2 sights and sounds all mingling with the aroma of incense wafting from ancient ,indu temples. In the clear early morning light pilgrims perform their devotions on the steps leading down to the river2 women bathe discreetly in their colorful saris and groups of children2 no less colourful with flashing smiles and dark shining eyes2 play nearby. The delightful holy towns of "ishikesh and ,ardwar can be visited in the way up to the cool of the mountains2 the shimmering grandeur of towering peaks2 the fragrant fresh air... T:( M&?(2$- 35 $:( H1/&)&-&2

#n the journey towards the peaks of the ,imalayas yet another totally different and magnificent e7perience beckons. Imagine standing alone in the top of the world with the swirling white clouds beneath you and yet

another snowy ridge towering ahead. (ourneys can easily be made to silvery 1ashmir2 cool and beautiful Shimla2 or the lush green 1ulu *alley2 "ela7 sitting on the balcony of one of the beautiful hotels in the mountains2 breathing in the clear mountain air.

EST INDIA = THE

ARM

EST

+fter the vibrant atmosphere of 'ombay2 allow the palm;fringed beaches of .oa to warm your spirit in the sun and rela7 your mind. #r meditate in cool and ancient 'uddhist caves tunnelled out of solid rock on the craggy hillsides ; a dramatic contrast from the colourful fairs and festivals in unspoiled .ujarat. The choice is once again tremendous in this land that offers everything. M0/4&1 = G&$(B&- 35 I+81& There is a powerful life force at work in this thriving2 modern commercial city2 with its plateglass skyscrapers and hectic colorful street life. The pace and confusion is vibrant2 with businessmen hurrying to work2 hooting traffic2 fisherwomen in their bright sarees and AtiffinwallahsB hurrying with their metal containers to deliver the businessmanBs lunch direct from his home to his office. +fter rela7ing on &howpatty beach under the cool evening sky2 sipping refreshing milk from a large green coconut2 you will start to love 'ombay. /ou will feel ready to visit the elegant and world famous Taj -ahal hotel for a delicious snack or drink while watching the sunset over the many boats in the harbour. In the lu7ury and 4uiet of a hotel room2 sightseeing can be planned. &onsider a visit to the lofty ,anging .ardens ne7t door to the intriguing Towers of SilenceO or maybe win a million at the beautiful -ahala7mi "acecourse2 one of the finest in India. + glamorous day visiting the famous 'ombay film studios can be arranged2 and perhaps a chat with one of the many film stars. "elive the ancient stories of the ,indu gods sculpted on the walls of caves at )lephanta. This well known island2 where monkeys scamper across your path2 is a short and pleasant boat ride from the famous landmark in -umbai ; the .ateway of

India. When ready to leave this city of tycoons2 commerce2 skyscrapers and film stars2 prepare for adventures of a very different kind which await at its doorstep. T:( M&*1, A%30+8 M0/4&1 There is so much choice and so many wonders to see around 'ombay. !orthwest lies .ujarat2 the birthplace of -ahatma .andhi2 the father of the nation. The region is famous for e7clusive garments and hand made silk saris2 and for being the last refuge of the +sian lions2 found deep in the .ir 0orest. (oin in with the village people in their brightly coloured costume rejoicing in one of the many festivals and fairs that abound in this state. +hmedabad2 the principal te7tile city of the country2 is well known for the Sabarmati +shram founded by -ahatma .andhi2 where his ideals of peace and non;violence are still promotedO visitors are welcome. +s (awaharlal !ehru observed2 this great man of indomitable spirit was certainly Bnot of the common clay that all of us are made of. -ahatma .andhiBs birthplace can be seen at the fishing village of Porbandar. + greater and even more ancient wonder awaits east of 'ombay in -aharashtra2 where the thirty 'uddhist caves at +janta which are cut into the steep face of a deep rock gorge sit in silent contemplation. 0eel the aura and power left behind by the 'uddhist monks living <::: years ago. &ompare them with the dynamism and energy radiating from the huge ,indu caves in nearby )llora. Imagine the workers carving a way at solid rock on the hillside to form the thirty;four ,indu2 'uddhist and (ain &aves with the stories of their religions and beliefs etched onto the walls. Stay at

one of the cool and rela7ing hill stations such as -atheran or -ahabaleshwar2 popular with the inhabitants of 'ombay. Take an evening stroll around the peaceful 'und .ardens in pleasant and airy Pune. +ll these adventures will entertain and fascinate in the magic and beauty around -umbai.

G3& = S0+< S&+8 &+8 S(& "ela7 and e7perience the idyllic peace that only India can give in sunny .oa. If you have ever dreamt of a warm land of space and light2 where the beaches stretch for silvery miles2 where the glittering sea always beckons you2 where the people are always smiling2 where the succulent juice from a bite of ripe pineapples or papaya drips on your hot skin as you lu7uriate la3ily on the white sand2 then .oa2 a fascinating blend of atin and Indian cultures2 will be a place where the wish to linger will be overpowering. $ecide when to sit in the shade under the palm trees sipping the feni2 or lemonade2 or when to return to the hot sand to deepen your tan2 or when to swim in the cool refreshing water. What a problem. +s well as being a place for rela7ation2 .oa is also lively and modern2 with many westernstyle entertainments. there is a choice of lu7urious hotels with plenty of night life2 or simplicity and tran4uillity in one of the ine7pensive2 clean and comfortable rooms with their own charm2 right on the beach. The Portuguese influenced food is mouthwatering. &hoose massive fish steaks

fresh from the sea or a wide and delicious choice of both continental and Indian dishes. Panaji2 the capital2 is an easy;going town with Portuguese styled cafes2 whitewashed churches and overhanging balconiesO a delight after your journey. :ld .oa2 east of Panaji2 was once the capital of the eastern Portuguese )mpire. !ow2 it is little more than a fascinating small village surrounded by huge convents and churches dedicated to the 3eal of &hristianity2 including the &onvent and &hurch of St. 0rancis of +ssisi and the famous 'asilica of 'om (esus. The mortal remains of St. 0rancis Pavier2 who spread &hristianity among the subjects of the Portuguese colonies2 are entombed here. Which beach to choose from along the 9::km long coastline of silvery sand. Possibly &olva with its warm tur4uoise sea and fishermen hauling in their nets by hand in the clear morning light as they chant an ancient sea songO or maybe sophisticated +guada2 with its jet; set beach and si7teenth century fort. Try the e7perience of a full;moon party at +njuna2 or mingle with the variety of people in &alangute selling handicrafts2 jewellery and modern fabrics. )njoy the old Portuguese fort in &hapora2 surrounded by secluded and sandy beaches and dense green coconut palms. *isit all the beaches or just adopt one and make it your home. Wild boar and sambar in their natural habitat in the hills of the Western .hats can be seen in 'ondla2 one of the .oan wildlife sanctuaries. In addition2 the region is justly famous for its many colourful festivals2 including -ardi .ras2 celebrated with &hristian fervour. There are so many delights in Western India and so many glorious choicesO from the vibrant life of commercial 'ombay to the home of the indomitable -ahatma .andhi then down to the peace and magic of sunny .oa ; the choice is yours.

SOUTH INDIA = A HERITAGE OF CENTURIES

The delightful southO almost untouched by invasions throughout its history2 the Indian heritage is more intact here than in other regions of the country. This is a land of temples2 a land of the devout where new wonders await ; the profusion of orange flowers2 the shade of the banyan tree2 and the soft beat of distant drums as yet another festival starts... C:(++&1 = A K&)(1832,37( 35 M3382 &hennai is the centre of the ,indu tradition of 'harata !atyam >classical dancing? the art of temple sculpture also comes from this part of the country2 and gives e7pression to both the devoutness and the artistic skills of the Tamil people. &hennai is the home of the ancient $ravidian civilisation2 one of the oldest articulate cultures in the world. It is a city where the landscape of the past lives easily with more recent history. This busy2 efficient metropolis is a good centre to plan a journey over South India. -ake use of the international and domestic airport and the massive network of trains and buses. The friendliness2 sincerity and colourfulness of the people can slowly be absorbed while taking a stroll over the sandy

stretch of beach known as the -arina2 or visiting 0ort St. .eorge2 built by the 'ritish )ast India &ompany. So many of the street names reflect the cityBs long association with other culturesO &hina 'a3ar "oad2 +rmenian Street2 Portuguese &hurch Street for instance. In HI +$2 the +postle St Thomas was martyred in the city2 but the &hristian faith now finds graceful e7pression in the many churches2 particularly the San Thome &athedral. *iew the whole panorama from the &hennai lighthouse2 or e7perience the culture from ground level in the temples2 art galleries or museums. ,ead off in any direction from &hennai N even east2 across the 'ay of 'engal by boat or plane to Port 'lair in the +ndaman IslandsO a paradise archipelago2 lush and forested2 home of some of the most e7otic plant;life in the world. The crystal clear waters shimmer with tropical fish2 and the islands are famous for their corals and water;sports facilities. !orth of &hennai is the large state of +ndhra Pradesh2 rich in archeological and architectural treasures. The capital2 ,yderabad2 was once the seat of the fabled !i3ams. The &harminar is a national symbol2 and the Salar (ung -useum a rich repository of the "aj.

A M-%1&8 35 T(/7)(2 The devout $ravidian people of the south live and breathe their ancient religion. !othing2 however2 can really prepare a visitor for the temples2 where images of the 4uiet bustle of the vast halls2 the huge gopurams completely covered by coloured sculptures of gods and goddesses2 the sight

of bare feet walking across cool slabs2 the heady smell of incense and the chime of the temple bell rung by priests and the faithful leave entrancing impressions. "ustic carts drawn by o7en with their brightly coloured painted horns2 smiling villagers harvesting the hay at the side of the road ; these will be some of the memorable features of the short journey from &hennai to the famous temple town of -ahabalipuram. + swim off the glorious beach will refresh you after absorbing the wonders of the romantic shore temples and of +rjunaBs Penance2 the huge rock carvings of animals and gods2 There are so many impressive temple towns in South India ; nearby 1anchipuram with its spectacular gopurams2 B visible from miles away2 or other magical sounding places ; &hidambaram2 Tanjore2 Tiruchirapalli2 and2 most of all2 the pilgrim centre of -adurai ; one of the oldest cities in Southern India ; with its dramatic and lively -eenakshi temple2 dedicated to the fish;eyed goddess. +lternatively2 for a different style of rela7ation2 visit the attractive 0rench;style coastal town of Pondicherry2 south of &hennai. In the neighbouring state of 1arnataka lie the stone;carved temples of 'elur and ,alebid. "elive the e7citing era of the ,oysalas2 who flourished around the 9<th century2 by e7amining the endless stories which the sculptural detail portrays the war2 the hunt2 the animals2 the dancing girls and2 of course the gods. Situated on top of a hill in Sravanabelagola is the massive statue of ord 'ahubali2 dwarfing the landscape. ose yourself in the strange and beautiful ruins at ,ampi. *isit 'angalore2 the state capital2 for another2 different taste of Indian urban lifeO the city is affluent2 bustling and vibrant and ;splendidly adorned with trees2 parks and gardens. It is also the most important centre of IndiaBs BnonsmokeB industries2 including aerospace2 machine;tools and electronics.

0urther delights are waiting in the gracious sandalwood city of -ysore2 where it is possible to stay in the one;time home of an e7;-aharajah2 now the alitha -ahal ,otel of gleaming white beauty. Incense is manufactured in the city2 and the sweet and fragrant smells of jasmine and rose and musk will linger in the air and in the memory.

AST INDIA = E!CITEMENT AND TRAN#UILLITY

In no time at all the stimulating bustle and heat of &alcutta is left far behind2 opening out to the cool and luscious mountains of refreshing $arjeeling. )ncounter the mighty range of the ,imalayas in Sikkim2 the

one;horned rhinoceros in wonderful wildlife reserves2 then dream of a forgotten age in the ancient holy towns on the plains of rural India. D12,3'(% $:( S30) 35 C&),0$$& &alcutta is the largest city in India2 indeed one of the largest in the world. )stablished as a 'ritish trading post in the 9Hth century2 the city rapidly grew2 ac4uiring a life and vibrancy of its own. Its glory is still reflected in the buildings of &howringhee and &live Street2 know as (awaharlal !ehru "oad and !etaji Subhash "oad respectively. It is a city which leaves no; one indifferent;fascinating2 effervescent2 teeming with life2 peoples2 cultures. The impact can be a shock at firstO the rickshaws2 cars2 brightly painted lorries2 trolley buses2 the cries of the street vendors2 labourers hard at work on the construction of the vast underground railway2 the noise and colour of the huge !ew -arket2 the bustle of the crowds...but soon the jumbled impressions will sort themselves out. &entral &alcutta is best viewed in perspective around the rolling green of the -aidan2 L s4uare kilometres of parkland where the early;morning yoga sessions provide for the city dwellers a rela7ation from the stresses of urban life. 0or rela7ation of another kind2 visit the Indian -useum2 one of the finest in +sia. #ther attractions include the huge white marble *ictoria -emorial2 the #ctherlony -onument and the head4uarters of the "ama 1rishna mission. To the north of the city is the silent beauty of the 'elur -ath and2 across the river2 the 'otanical gardens >with a <:: years old 'anyan tree2 reputedly the largest in the world?and the 1ali temple of $akshineshwar. &alcutta has a soul. The 'engalis are poets and artists of India and this has affected their city. &alcutta will certainly grow on you. 0or a complete

change2 take a plane or boat from &alcutta to Port 'lair in the +ndaman and !icobar Islands2 the peaceful sun;soaked paradise in the 'ay of 'engal.

&,+PT)" III $+T+ +!+ /S)

DATA ANALYSE
F3%(1*+ $30%12$ &%%1'&) &+8 $:( 53%(1*+ (;,:&+*( (&%+1+*2 The year <::H has seen a steady growth in both the tourist arrivals as well as the foreign e7change earnings. )ven the traditionally Aoff;seasonB months of (une2 (uly2 +ugust and September have seen an increase of tourist arrivals in India. 0or e7ample2 +ugust <::H recorded L2 G:2:IJ foreign tourist arrivals in the country compared to L2 :M2LIH tourists in +ugust <::G2 a whopping increase of 9I.L per cent. Those months also showed the highest increase in foreign revenue earnings2 an increase of <G.I per cent. If one looks at the differences in foreign tourist arrivals and revenue earned in the last two years2 it is clear that the gap is slowly decreasing and very soon2 India may not have an off;season.

F3%(1*+ (;,:&+*( (&%+1+*2 1+ I+81& C 2006 " 0D E

F3%(1*+ (;,:&+*( (&%+1+*2 1+ I+81& C 200F " 06 E

FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVAL MONTHS J&+0&%F(4%0&%M&%,: A7%1) M&J0+( J0)A0*02$ S(7$(/4(% O,$34(% N3'(/4(% T3$&) 200D LIFJHH LGJIMM LF<:JM <MIM9G <<FLJM <MGJH: L:HIH: <HLIFG <FH9IM LMHHFH M<LILH LMLJ9JJ CN32.E 2006G MFJMIJ MLJ:J: LJ9::J L:J<:I <FF::I <HILH: LLHLL< L:MLIH <JHIJ9 LJ9LJJ MM<M9L LJ:FFJG 200FG FL<:II MJII:G MMM9IG LLLJMF <GHHFI L9:9:M LHHMHM LG::IJ L<FIJL MM:H9F F9:JIH MM:<:MF

PERCENTAGE CHANGE 2006"0D 200F"06 9J.: 9F.I 9I.H 9L.G 99.9 9L.G <M.F I.: 9L.9 F.: 9<.H 99.M J.G 99.J 99.9 9I.L 9F.I J.M 9<.F 9<.G M.M 9F.F 9L.G 9<.H

TOURIST ARRIVALS TO INDIA FROM TOP FIFTEEN COUNTRIES OF 2005 FOR THE PERIOD 1981 TO 2005
Year 2001 2002 200+ 200, 2005 U.K. 405472 387846 430917 555907 651803 U.S.A 329147 348182 410803 526120 611165 Cana a 88600 93598 107671 135884 157643 Fran!e Sr" Lan#a $er%an& 'a(an Ma)a&*"a 102434 112813 80011 80634 57869 78194 108008 646891 59709 63748 97654 109098 76868 77996 70750 131824 128711 116679 96851 84390 152258 136400 120243 103082 96276

700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Year Canada Germany

CHAPTER IV &#!& %SI#! 'I' I#."+P,/

CONCLUSION

Tourism is an intensely geographic phenomenon. It stimulates large;scale2 global movement of people and forges distinctive relationships between people and the places they visit. It shapes processes of physical development and resource e7ploitation2 whilst the presence of visitors

e7erts a range of economic2 social2 cultural and environmental impacts that often have important implications for local geographies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I+$(%+($

www.gooogle.conm www.ask.com www.indiatourism.com B33@2

0ranklin2 + and &rang2 - ><::9? 8The trouble with tourism and travel theoryD8 in 'ourist ,tudies 9>F? p.F;<<

arsen2 (2 %rry2 ( and +7hausen2 1 ><::G? Mo(ilities, Net or!s, Geo%raphies +ldershotC+shgate

Newspaper

Hindustan Times The Times of India Ma a!ine

India Toda" Hospita#it" Tra$e# %ut#oo&s

#UESTIONAIRE :
9? Were campaigns launched by the government to attract tourists 5 make India the desired tourist destination helpfulD <? /)S !# &+!BT S+/

The improvement of the condition of roads in the tourist destinations will attract more tourists. /)S !# &+!BT S+/

L?

The year <::H is e7pected be a more profitable year for the Indian Tourism Industry as compared to last year. /)S

!# &+!BT S+/

M?

Should the room rents of the lu7ury ,otels in India be reducedD /)S !# &+!BT S+/

F?

Is the standard of Indian hotels comparable to that of the foreign ,otel chainsD /)S !# &+!BT S+/